WO2023017833A1 - ピストンリング - Google Patents
ピストンリング Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023017833A1 WO2023017833A1 PCT/JP2022/030517 JP2022030517W WO2023017833A1 WO 2023017833 A1 WO2023017833 A1 WO 2023017833A1 JP 2022030517 W JP2022030517 W JP 2022030517W WO 2023017833 A1 WO2023017833 A1 WO 2023017833A1
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- resin
- piston ring
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- sulfur
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/28—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction of non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08L71/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/004—Additives being defined by their length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/019—Specific properties of additives the composition being defined by the absence of a certain additive
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piston ring for a reciprocating compressor that compresses gas, and more particularly to a piston ring for a hydrogen gas reciprocating compressor used in a hydrogen station.
- a reciprocating compressor is a structure that includes a piston and a cylinder, and is used to compress fluid by reciprocating the piston with respect to the cylinder.
- an annular piston ring is conventionally used for the purpose of sealing the fluid in the gap between the piston and the cylinder.
- a piston ring is mounted in an annular groove provided in the piston. In this case, the fluid is sealed by contacting the outer peripheral surface of the piston ring with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and the side surface of the piston ring with the side surface of the annular groove.
- reciprocating compressors have also been applied as hydrogen gas reciprocating compressors used in hydrogen stations.
- hydrogen gas compressed by such a reciprocating compressor is charged into a fuel cell vehicle, if the compressed gas contains a sulfur component, the performance of the fuel cell may deteriorate. Therefore, the content of sulfur atoms contained in the piston ring is required to be low.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a reciprocating compressor for hydrogen gas.
- Patent Document 1 describes a ring-shaped sliding member made of resin that is provided on one of the piston member and the cylinder liner and slides relative to the other member (member to be slid).
- Patent Document 1 states that forming an amorphous carbon film on the sliding surfaces of both the sliding member and the member to be slid can extend the replacement life due to wear of the sliding member.
- the amorphous carbon film has a higher carbon content in the surface portion than in the inner portion. It is said that this amorphous carbon film preferably does not contain sulfur.
- the sliding member is preferably a desulfurized member that has been exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere, for example, before being incorporated into the compressor.
- Patent Document 1 as a desulfurization treatment method for sliding members, a treatment of exposure in a hydrogen atmosphere is exemplified, but exposure is not in the atmosphere but in a special atmosphere. Therefore, a special exposure apparatus is required, and since hydrogen is handled, safety measures against fire and explosion are also required, resulting in high costs.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a low-cost piston ring that has a low sulfur atom content, does not require a special exposure device, does not require strict safety measures, and is low in cost. intended to provide
- the piston ring of the present invention is a piston ring used in a reciprocating compressor for compressing gas
- the piston ring is a resin composition containing at least a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) resin or a thermoplastic polyimide resin as a main component.
- the resin composition contains a carbon material having a sulfur atom content of 200 ppm or less, and the carbon material is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, graphite, and coke powder. , wherein the total amount of the carbon material is 5% to 35% by volume with respect to the entire resin composition.
- the term "gas” is a concept that means a general gas, and includes gaseous fuel and the like.
- the above resin composition is characterized by containing 5% to 25% by volume of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin with respect to the entire resin composition.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the carbon material contains at least the carbon fibers, and the carbon fibers have an average fiber length of 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the content of sulfur atoms in the piston ring is 250 ppm or less.
- the resin composition has the PEEK resin as a main component, and the piston ring has an endothermic peak due to heat history in the range of 150°C to 330°C in the temperature rising process of differential scanning calorimetry.
- the reciprocating compressor is characterized by being a hydrogen gas reciprocating compressor for compressing hydrogen gas.
- the piston ring of the present invention is a piston ring used in a reciprocating compressor for compressing gas, and the piston ring is made of a resin composition containing a thermoplastic polyimide resin or a polyamideimide resin as a main component, and sulfur atoms is less than 5 ppm.
- the method for measuring the content of sulfur atoms in the piston ring is characterized by triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
- the resin composition is characterized by not containing a carbon material and a sulfide.
- the resin composition is characterized by containing at least one of PTFE resin and aromatic polyester resin.
- the resin composition contains a PTFE resin and an aromatic polyester resin, and the total blending amount thereof is 5% to 50% by volume with respect to the entire resin composition.
- the piston ring of the present invention is a piston ring used in a reciprocating compressor for compressing gas, the piston ring is made of a resin composition containing PEEK resin as a main component, and the piston ring is measured by differential scanning calorimetry. It is characterized by having an endothermic peak due to thermal history in the range of 150° C. to 330° C. in the temperature rising process.
- the content of sulfur atoms in the piston ring is 250 ppm or less.
- the resin composition contains 5% to 25% by volume of carbon fiber and 5% to 25% by volume of a solid lubricant with respect to the entire resin composition, and the solid lubricant is a PTFE resin and It is characterized by being at least one selected from graphite.
- the melt viscosity of the above PEEK resin at a shear rate of 1000/s and a temperature of 400°C is characterized by being 200 Pa ⁇ s to 550 Pa ⁇ s according to the ISO 11443-compliant measurement method.
- the reciprocating compressor is characterized by being a hydrogen gas reciprocating compressor for compressing hydrogen gas.
- the above resin composition is characterized by not containing polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin.
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- a method for manufacturing a piston ring of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a piston ring used in a reciprocating compressor for compressing gas, wherein the piston ring is made of a resin composition containing PEEK resin as a main component, and the manufacturing method is is characterized by having a heat treatment step of heat-treating the molded body of the resin composition at a maximum temperature of 150°C to 330°C.
- the molded article to be subjected to the heat treatment process includes a molding material and a machined product of the molding material.
- the molded article is obtained by a molding process of injection molding the resin composition, and in the molding process, the maximum temperature in the nozzle or cylinder of the injection molding machine is 380 ° C. or higher as a measured resin temperature. characterized by
- the molded article is made of pellets made of the resin composition as a raw material, the pellets are obtained using a melt extruder, and the maximum temperature in the nozzle or cylinder of the melt extruder is the measured value of the resin temperature. It is characterized by being 380° C. or higher.
- the content of sulfur atoms in the piston ring is 250 ppm or less.
- the reciprocating compressor is characterized by being a hydrogen gas reciprocating compressor for compressing hydrogen gas.
- One embodiment of the piston ring of the present invention is made of a resin composition containing at least a PEEK resin or a thermoplastic polyimide resin as a main component, and a carbon material having a sulfur atom content of 200 ppm or less (carbon fiber, graphite, and coke powder) (at least one selected from the group consisting of the following) is blended in a predetermined amount, so that the wear resistance can be improved, and the contamination of sulfur components in the compressed gas when used in a hydrogen gas reciprocating compressor can be prevented. can be reduced, and deterioration of the performance of the fuel cell can be suppressed. Moreover, in reducing the content of sulfur atoms, a special desulfurization treatment such as an exposure apparatus for exposure in a hydrogen atmosphere is not required, and strict safety measures are not required, so cost reduction can be achieved.
- a special desulfurization treatment such as an exposure apparatus for exposure in a hydrogen atmosphere is not required, and strict safety measures are not required, so cost reduction can be achieved.
- the resin composition further contains 5% by volume to 25% by volume of PTFE resin with respect to the entire resin composition.
- a piston ring suitable for a reciprocating compressor for hydrogen gas which is required to have wear resistance under high temperature, high pressure and no lubrication conditions.
- the piston ring of the present invention is excellent in wear resistance, it can also be used in reciprocating compressors for hydrogen stations where the pressure of compressed gas is, for example, 82 MPa or higher.
- the main component is a thermoplastic polyimide resin or polyamide-imide resin, and in particular, a carbon material containing sulfur as an impurity and a resin composition that does not contain sulfide is used as the piston ring material.
- the sulfur atom content can be reduced to less than 5 ppm without performing a special desulfurization treatment such as exposure to a hydrogen atmosphere.
- the total amount of the PTFE resin and the aromatic polyester resin is 5% to 50% by volume with respect to the entire resin composition, so that even a compressor without a lubricant such as oil has wear resistance. It is particularly suitable for hydrogen gas reciprocating compressors that require wear resistance under high temperature, high pressure and non-lubricating conditions.
- one embodiment of the piston ring of the present invention is made of a resin composition containing PEEK resin as a main component, and has an endothermic peak due to heat history in the range of 150° C. to 330° C. in the temperature rising process of differential scanning calorimetry. .
- This endothermic peak is based on the heat treatment of the molded body of the resin composition at a predetermined temperature in the production of the piston ring, thereby reducing the sulfur atom content of the piston ring. .
- the amount of outgas containing sulfur atoms (sulfur-containing gas) generated in a hydrogen atmosphere is reduced, making it particularly suitable for use in reciprocating compressors for hydrogen gas.
- the heat treatment in a special atmosphere such as the treatment (desulfurization treatment) of exposure to a hydrogen atmosphere as described in Patent Document 1, is not required. be a cost.
- the resin composition contains 5% to 25% by volume of carbon fiber and 5% by volume of a solid lubricant (at least one selected from PTFE resin and graphite) with respect to the entire resin composition. Since it contains up to 25% by volume, it is excellent in friction and wear characteristics, and can be suitably used even in a compressor without lubrication, for example, without a lubricant such as oil.
- a solid lubricant at least one selected from PTFE resin and graphite
- melt viscosity of the PEEK resin at a shear rate of 1000/s and a temperature of 400° C. is 200 Pa ⁇ s to 550 Pa ⁇ s according to the ISO 11443-compliant measurement method, so the wear resistance is further excellent under the conditions of sliding in reciprocating motion. Also, it is possible to reduce the abrasion damage of the mating material.
- the sulfur component contained in the piston ring may be gasified during the compression process and mixed into the compressed gas (hydrogen gas). If such compressed gas is filled in a fuel cell vehicle or the like, it may adversely affect the fuel cell.
- the resin composition does not contain the PPS resin, it is possible to prevent the sulfur component derived from the PPS resin from being mixed into the compressed gas.
- the piston ring is made of a resin composition containing PEEK resin as a main component, and includes a step of heat-treating a molded body of the resin composition at a maximum temperature of 150°C to 330°C. , the content of sulfur atoms in the compact after the heat treatment can be made lower than before the heat treatment. As a result, the amount of sulfur-containing gas generated in a high-temperature hydrogen atmosphere is reduced, making it particularly suitable for use in reciprocating compressors for hydrogen gas.
- the heat treatment step does not require heat treatment in a special atmosphere such as the treatment of exposing to a hydrogen atmosphere (desulfurization treatment) as described in Patent Document 1, a special exposure device is not required. , Strict safety measures are unnecessary and the cost is low.
- diphenylsulfone which is a sulfur compound, is used as a solvent in the polymerization of PEEK resin, diphenylsulfone remains as an impurity in PEEK resin.
- the boiling point of diphenyl sulfone is 379°C. Diphenyl sulfone can be easily removed by setting the temperature to 380° C. or higher as a measured value of the resin temperature.
- the maximum temperature in the nozzle or cylinder of the melt extruder is the resin temperature Diphenyl sulfone can be easily removed by making the measured value of 380° C. or higher.
- the sulfur atoms in the piston ring can be further reduced easily and at low cost.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a piston ring of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a reciprocating compressor using a piston ring of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an injection molding machine used in a molding process
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pin-on-disk tester
- FIG. 4 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry
- a resin composition containing a predetermined carbon material having a sulfur atom content of 200 ppm or less in an amount of 5 to 35% by volume based on the entire resin composition is suitable as a piston ring material.
- a resin containing a thermoplastic polyimide resin or a polyamideimide resin as a main component, further containing no carbon material and sulfide, and having a total blending amount of PTFE resin and aromatic polyester resin of 5% by volume to 50% by volume It has been found that the composition is suitable as a piston ring material.
- the present inventors have made intensive studies to reduce the sulfur content in piston rings made of a resin composition containing PEEK resin as a main component. It was found that by heat-treating the compact at a maximum temperature of 150°C to 330°C, the sulfur atom content of the compact after the heat treatment is lower than that before the heat treatment.
- the present invention is based on such findings.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the piston ring of the present invention.
- the piston ring 1 is an annular body with a substantially rectangular cross section.
- the corners of the inner peripheral surface 1b of the ring and the side surfaces 1c of the ring may be chamfered in a straight line or a curved line.
- a stepped portion may be provided.
- the piston ring 1 is a cut-type ring having a joint 1a at one location, and is mounted in the annular groove of the piston after being expanded in diameter by elastic deformation. Since the piston ring 1 has the joint 1a, the diameter of the piston ring 1 is expanded by the gas pressure during use, and the outer peripheral surface 1d is brought into close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder.
- the shape of the joint 1a is not limited, and may be a straight cut type, an angle cut type, or the like, but the compound step cut type shown in FIG. 1 is adopted because of its excellent sealing performance. is preferred.
- the piston ring of the present invention is not limited to a piston ring made of a single member as shown in FIG. 1, and may be an annular piston ring formed by combining a plurality of members.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a hydrogen gas reciprocating compressor using the piston ring of the present invention.
- a compression mechanism section 2 of the hydrogen gas reciprocating compressor comprises a cylinder 3 and a piston 4 , and the piston 4 is connected to a piston rod 5 .
- a plurality of annular grooves for mounting the piston rings 1 are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the piston 4, and the piston rings 1 are expanded in diameter by elastic deformation and incorporated into the respective annular grooves one by one.
- the number of piston rings attached to the piston is not particularly limited, and six seal rings are attached in FIG. Hydrogen gas is introduced into the compression chamber 6, compressed by the reciprocating motion of the piston 4 with respect to the cylinder 3, and then discharged to the outside.
- the gas compressed by the reciprocating compressor is not particularly limited, and hydrogen gas is an example.
- Hydrogen gas reciprocating compressors for compressing hydrogen gas are installed in hydrogen stations, etc., and used for filling hydrogen gas into fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen engine vehicles.
- At least PEEK resin or thermoplastic polyimide resin is used as the base resin of the resin composition.
- the average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, etc. of the PEEK resin that can be used as the base resin of the resin composition are not particularly limited. PEEK 450P, PEEK 650P, etc. can be used.
- the melt viscosity of the PEEK resin at a shear rate of 1000/s and a temperature of 400° C. is not particularly limited, it is preferably 200 Pa ⁇ s to 550 Pa ⁇ s in a measurement method based on ISO 11443. By setting it within this range, it becomes easy to sufficiently ensure wear resistance as a piston ring used in a reciprocating compressor while enabling molding by injection molding.
- the melt viscosity is preferably 270 Pa ⁇ s to 550 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 350 Pa ⁇ s to 550 Pa ⁇ s, even more preferably 350 Pa ⁇ s to 500 Pa ⁇ s.
- a plurality of PEEK resins having different melt viscosities may be mixed and used as the PEEK resin, but in this case, the melt viscosity of the mixed PEEK resin as a whole preferably satisfies the above numerical range.
- PEEK resin does not contain sulfur atoms in its molecular structure, but it contains sulfur atoms as impurities because diphenylsulfone used during polymerization remains.
- thermoplastic polyimide resin that can be used as the base resin of the resin composition
- a resin that has a high glass transition point and a high melting point and that can be melt-molded such as injection molding is preferable.
- the imide group which has excellent thermal properties and mechanical strength, surrounds the aromatic group, but energy such as heat is generated.
- An imide-based resin having a structure having a plurality of ether-bonded moieties that exhibit appropriate melting characteristics when added is preferred, and in order to satisfy mechanical properties, rigidity, heat resistance, and injection moldability, the ether-bonded moieties are included in the repeating unit.
- a thermoplastic polyimide resin having two is preferred.
- X represents a group selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hexafluorinated isopropylidene group, a carbonyl group, a thio group and a sulfone group
- R 1 to R 4 represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, chlorine or bromine, which may be the same or different
- Y is a group having 2 or more carbon atoms.
- a group consisting of an aliphatic group, a cycloaliphatic group, a monocyclic aromatic group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group, and a non-condensed polycyclic aromatic group in which the aromatic groups are interconnected directly or via a bridging group represents a tetravalent group selected from
- thermoplastic polyimide resins include Aurum (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. and Surprim (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. Of these two types, Aurum, which satisfies the above formula (2), has a glass transition point of 250° C. and a melting point of 388° C., and is extremely excellent in heat resistance, and is therefore particularly preferable.
- Aurum has a direct bond in X in the above formula (2), and all of R 1 to R 4 are hydrogen.
- Grades of Aurum that can be used for the piston ring of the first embodiment include, for example, PD250, PD400, PD450, PD500, and the like.
- the resin composition used in the first embodiment contains either one of the PEEK resin and the thermoplastic polyimide resin as a base resin
- the PEEK resin or the thermoplastic polyimide resin is 50% to 95% by volume with respect to the entire resin composition. It preferably contains 60% to 90% by volume, and even more preferably 70% to 80% by volume.
- a PEEK resin is used, a plurality of PEEK resins having different melt viscosities may be mixed and used.
- a thermoplastic polyimide resin a plurality of thermoplastic polyimide resins having different melt viscosities may be mixed and used.
- the resin composition used in the first embodiment may be a mixture of PEEK resin and thermoplastic polyimide resin.
- the total content of the PEEK resin and the thermoplastic polyimide resin is preferably 50% by volume to 95% by volume, more preferably 60% by volume to 90% by volume, based on the total resin composition. , 70% to 80% by volume.
- the resin with the larger content (% by volume) is the main component, and when the contents (% by volume) are equal, both resins are the main component.
- the hydrogen gas permeability of the PEEK resin and the thermoplastic polyimide resin is preferably low.
- the hydrogen gas permeability may be, for example, 7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 mol/(m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa) or less measured by a method conforming to JIS K7126-1.
- the resin composition contains a carbon material with a sulfur atom content of 200 ppm or less.
- This carbon material unintentionally contains sulfur, and the content of sulfur atoms contained in the carbon material is preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the carbon material is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, graphite, and coke powder. When two or more types of carbon materials are included, the sulfur atom content of each type of carbon material is 200 ppm or less.
- the carbon material preferably contains at least carbon fiber.
- the carbon material only carbon fiber may be used, carbon fiber and graphite may be used, carbon fiber and coke powder may be used, or carbon fiber, graphite and coke powder may be used.
- the content of sulfur atoms contained in each of carbon fiber, graphite, and coke powder can be measured by a well-known analysis method.
- a well-known analysis method For example, an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) may be used.
- ICP-MS/MS triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
- a pretreatment method for analysis for example, there is a method of filtering a decomposed liquid obtained by acid decomposition with a microwave sample pretreatment device, and obtaining a supernatant as an analysis sample. It can be confirmed by a known analysis method such as a fluorescent X-ray spectrometer that the decomposition residue does not contain sulfur atoms.
- raw materials such as petroleum pitch may contain sulfur atoms, and sulfuric acid may be used in the manufacturing process, so sulfur atoms may remain as impurities.
- sulfur atoms may remain as impurities.
- natural graphite existing in the ground contains sulfur as an impurity
- artificial graphite and coke powder, which are derived from coal contain sulfur.
- heat treatment in a special atmosphere such as exposure to a hydrogen atmosphere (desulfurization treatment) is performed by using a resin composition in which the content of sulfur atoms contained in the carbon material is specified.
- a resin composition in which the content of sulfur atoms contained in the carbon material is specified.
- the carbon fiber blended in the resin composition may be either pitch-based or PAN-based, which are classified according to the raw material.
- the sintering temperature is not limited, and either a graphitized product sintered at a high temperature of 2000°C or higher or a carbonized product sintered at about 1000 to 1500°C may be used.
- Commercially available milled fibers that can be used in the first embodiment include pitch-based carbon fibers such as Kureha M-101S, M-101F, M107T, and M-201S manufactured by Kureha.
- PAN-based carbon fibers include HT M800 160MU and HT M100 40MU manufactured by Teijin Limited and Torayca MLD-30 and MLD-300 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.
- the raw material pitch contains sulfur as an impurity. Also in the case of PAN-based carbon fibers, if sulfuric acid is used for surface treatment, sulfur may remain. As the carbon fiber, it is preferable to use PAN-based carbon fiber, which has a relatively low sulfur atom content compared to pitch-based carbon fiber.
- the average fiber length of the carbon fibers used in the first embodiment is not particularly limited, short fibers of 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m are preferred. If the average fiber length is less than 20 ⁇ m, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving wear resistance. In addition, the average fiber length in this specification is the number average fiber length.
- Graphite blended in the resin composition is a solid lubricant that can improve friction and wear characteristics under non-lubricating conditions.
- graphite either natural graphite or artificial graphite may be used.
- the shape of the particles may be scaly, granular, spherical, or the like, and any of them may be used.
- Commercially available graphite that can be used in the first embodiment includes KS-6, KS-25, and KS-44 manufactured by Imerys GC Japan Co., Ltd., which are artificial graphite.
- the 50% particle size of graphite is not limited, it is preferably 3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m. If it exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the tensile elongation properties of the resin composition may deteriorate.
- Coke powder mixed in the resin composition can improve wear resistance under non-lubricated conditions.
- the 50% particle size of coke powder is not limited, it is preferably 3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m. If it exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the tensile elongation properties of the resin composition may deteriorate.
- the 50% particle size (D 50 ) of the graphite, coke powder, and PTFE resin described later used in the first embodiment is the particle size at the point where the cumulative value is 50% when the particle size distribution is the cumulative distribution. Yes, for example, it can be measured using a particle size distribution analyzer utilizing a laser light scattering method.
- the resin composition preferably contains a PTFE resin in addition to the carbon material.
- PTFE resin is a solid lubricant, and can improve the friction and wear properties of the resin composition under non-lubricating conditions. Any of molding powder obtained by suspension polymerization, fine powder obtained by emulsion polymerization, and recycled PTFE may be used as the PTFE resin. In order to stabilize the fluidity of the resin composition, it is preferable to employ recycled PTFE, which is less likely to be fiberized by shearing during molding and less likely to increase melt viscosity. Recycled PTFE is a heat-treated (with heat history) powder, or a powder irradiated with ⁇ -rays or electron beams.
- powder obtained by heat-treating molding powder or fine powder powder obtained by further irradiating this powder with ⁇ -rays or electron beams, powder obtained by pulverizing molded bodies of molding powder or fine powder, and then applying ⁇ -rays or electron beams.
- ⁇ -rays or electron beams There are types such as irradiated powders, molding powders or fine powders irradiated with gamma rays or electron beams.
- heat treatment is further applied after irradiation with ⁇ -rays or electron beams.
- the 50% particle size of the PTFE resin is not particularly limited, it is more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- a PTFE resin modified with a side chain group having a perfluoroalkyl ether group, a fluoroalkyl group, or other fluoroalkyl.
- Kitamura Co., Ltd. KTL-610, KTL-450, KTL-350, KTL-8N, KTL-8F, AGC Co., Ltd.: Fluon L169J , L170J, L172J, L173J, and L182J.
- the resin composition contains at least one carbon material selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, graphite, and coke powder in a total amount of 5 to 35% by volume relative to the entire resin composition. If the total amount of the carbon material is less than 5% by volume, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving wear resistance. Tensile elongation properties may deteriorate.
- the total blending amount of the above carbon materials is preferably 5% by volume to 25% by volume, more preferably 10% by volume to 20% by volume.
- the resin composition preferably further contains 5 to 25% by volume of PTFE resin relative to the total resin composition. If the amount of PTFE resin is less than 5% by volume, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving the friction and wear properties under non-lubricating conditions, and if it exceeds 25% by volume, the tensile elongation properties of the resin composition may be reduced. More preferably, the PTFE resin content is 10% by volume to 20% by volume.
- the resin composition may contain well-known resin additives to the extent that they do not impair the effects of the present invention.
- additives include aramid fibers, inorganic substances (mica, talc, calcium carbonate, boron nitride, etc.), whiskers (calcium carbonate, potassium titanate, etc.), coloring agents (iron oxide, titanium oxide, carbon black, etc.), etc. and the like.
- the amount of the additive blended is preferably 3% by volume or less with respect to the entire resin composition.
- the resin composition preferably does not contain sulfides such as molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide.
- the resin should be a resin that does not contain a sulfur atom in its molecular structure.
- PPS resin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, polysulfone (PSU) resin, and polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) resin which are resins containing sulfur atoms in their molecular structures, are not included in the resin composition.
- PPS resin contains sulfur atoms in its molecular structure, as shown in formula (3) below.
- PES resin, PSU resin, and PPSU resin all have molecular structures containing sulfonyl groups, and thus contain sulfur atoms.
- the content of sulfur atoms in the piston ring of the present invention can be measured, for example, with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).
- ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
- a triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS/MS) may be used for the purpose of measuring with higher accuracy.
- a pretreatment method for analysis for example, there is a method of filtering a decomposed liquid obtained by acid decomposition with a microwave sample pretreatment device, and obtaining a supernatant as an analysis sample. It can be confirmed by a known analysis method such as a fluorescent X-ray spectrometer that the decomposition residue does not contain sulfur atoms.
- the content of sulfur atoms in the piston ring of the first embodiment is preferably 0.1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or less, relative to the total amount (100% by mass) of the resin composition. It is preferably 0.025% by mass (250 ppm) or less, and particularly preferably 0.020% by mass (200 ppm) or less.
- thermoplastic polyimide resin or polyamideimide resin is used as the base resin of the resin composition.
- thermoplastic polyimide resin the same thermoplastic polyimide resin as in the first embodiment can be used.
- a polyamideimide resin is a resin having an imide bond and an amide bond in the polymer main chain.
- a polyamide-imide resin an aromatic polyamide-imide resin in which imide bonds and amide bonds are bonded through an aromatic group can be used as shown in the following formula (4).
- R1 represents a trivalent aromatic group containing at least one benzene ring
- R2 represents a divalent organic group
- R3 represents hydrogen, a methyl group or a phenyl group.
- aromatic polyamideimide resins include polyamideimide resins prepared from mono- or diacyl halide derivatives of aromatic primary diamines such as diphenylmethanediamine and aromatic tribasic anhydrides such as trimellitic anhydride, Polyamide-imide resins produced from aromatic tribasic acid anhydrides and aromatic diisocyanate compounds such as diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
- Torlon registered trademark
- Grades of Torlon that can be used for the piston ring of the second embodiment include 4000T.
- the resin composition used in the second embodiment preferably contains 50% by volume to 95% by volume of a thermoplastic polyimide resin or polyamideimide resin with respect to the entire resin composition, and may contain 60% by volume to 90% by volume. More preferably, it contains 70% by volume to 80% by volume.
- a thermoplastic polyimide resin a plurality of thermoplastic polyimide resins having different melt viscosities may be mixed and used.
- a polyamideimide resin a plurality of polyamideimide resins having different melt viscosities may be mixed and used.
- the hydrogen gas permeability of the thermoplastic polyimide resin and the polyamideimide resin is preferably low.
- the hydrogen gas permeability may be, for example, 7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 mol/(m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa) or less measured by a method conforming to JIS K7126-1.
- the resin composition preferably does not contain carbon materials such as carbon fiber, graphite and coke powder, sulfides such as molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide, and carbon black.
- carbon materials such as carbon fiber, graphite and coke powder, sulfides such as molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide, and carbon black.
- sulfur atoms are present primarily as bound sulfur of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the resin composition preferably contains at least one of a sulfur-free PTFE resin and an aromatic polyester resin. Moreover, it is more preferable that the resin composition contains both a PTFE resin and an aromatic polyester resin.
- the total content of the PTFE resin and the aromatic polyester resin with respect to the entire resin composition is preferably 5% by volume to 50% by volume. If the total content is less than 5% by volume, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving wear resistance, and if it exceeds 50% by volume, the melt viscosity of the resin composition increases, making injection molding difficult.
- the content of each of the PTFE resin and the aromatic polyester resin is 5% to 25% by volume (more preferably 10% to 20% by volume) of the PTFE resin relative to the entire resin composition. ), and the aromatic polyester resin is preferably 5% to 25% by volume (more preferably 10% to 20% by volume).
- the PTFE resin is a solid lubricant and can improve the friction and wear properties of the resin composition under non-lubricating conditions.
- the PTFE resin the one described in the first embodiment can be used.
- the aromatic polyester resin Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.: Sumikasuper E101-S, E101-S2, E101-P, E101-M, EGENE Opteletronic Materials: Supernol S101Plus, S101B, S101P, etc. can be used. .
- the 50% particle size of the aromatic polyester resin is not particularly limited, it is more preferably 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. If it exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the tensile elongation properties of the resin composition may deteriorate. If the tensile elongation characteristic is lowered, there is a risk that the piston ring will break when the diameter of the piston ring is expanded and installed in the annular groove of the piston.
- the 50% particle size (D 50 ) of the PTFE resin and the aromatic polyester resin used in the second embodiment is the particle size at which the cumulative value is 50% when the particle size distribution is the cumulative distribution. It can be measured using a particle size distribution measuring device using a laser light scattering method.
- the above resin composition may contain well-known resin additives to the extent that they do not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the additive for example, those mentioned in the first embodiment can be used. If these additives contain active sulfur as an impurity, they may be added after being removed by heat treatment.
- PEEK resins When blending resins other than thermoplastic polyimide resins, polyamideimide resins, PTFE resins, and aromatic polyester resins in the resin composition to the extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired, PEEK resins, PPS resins, PES resins, PSU Resins other than resins and PPSU resins are preferred.
- the PEEK resin does not contain sulfur atoms in its molecular structure, but contains sulfur atoms as impurities because diphenylsulfone used during polymerization remains.
- the PPS resin contains sulfur atoms in its molecular structure, as shown in the above formula (3).
- PES resin, PSU resin, and PPSU resin all have molecular structures containing sulfonyl groups, and thus contain sulfur atoms.
- a particularly preferable form of the resin composition of the second embodiment of the present invention is a thermoplastic polyimide resin or polyamideimide resin as a main component, and a PTFE resin of 5% by volume to 25% by volume with respect to the entire resin composition. %, an aromatic polyester resin of 5% by volume to 25% by volume, and a sulfur atom content of less than 5 ppm.
- a piston ring according to a third embodiment of the present invention is made of a resin composition using a PEEK resin as a base resin.
- a PEEK resin the same PEEK resin as in the first embodiment can be used.
- the resin composition used in the third embodiment preferably contains 50% to 90% by volume of PEEK resin, more preferably 60% to 90% by volume, and 70% by volume of the total resin composition. It is more preferable to contain up to 80% by volume.
- the resin composition preferably contains 5% to 25% by volume of carbon fiber relative to the resin composition. If the carbon fiber content is less than 5% by volume, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving wear resistance, and if it exceeds 25% by volume, the melt viscosity of the resin composition increases, making injection molding difficult. More preferably, the carbon fiber content is 10% to 20% by volume.
- the average fiber length of the carbon fibers is not particularly limited, short fibers of 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m are preferred.
- the carbon fiber blended in the resin composition may be either pitch-based or PAN-based, which are classified according to the raw material. Specifically, the one described in the first embodiment can be used.
- the resin composition preferably contains at least one of solid lubricants selected from PTFE resin and graphite in a total amount of 5% to 25% by volume. If the total amount of the solid lubricant selected from PTFE resin and graphite is less than 5% by volume, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving the friction and wear characteristics under non-lubricating conditions, and if it exceeds 25% by volume, the resin composition Tensile elongation properties may deteriorate. If the tensile elongation characteristic is lowered, there is a risk that the piston ring will break when the diameter of the piston ring is expanded and installed in the annular groove of the piston. Therefore, it is more preferable that the content of the solid lubricant is 10% by volume to 20% by volume.
- the PTFE resin is a solid lubricant and can improve the friction and wear properties of the resin composition under non-lubricating conditions.
- the PTFE resin the one described in the first embodiment can be used.
- Graphite is a solid lubricant and can improve friction and wear characteristics under non-lubricating conditions, similar to PTFE resin.
- graphite either natural graphite or artificial graphite may be used.
- the shape of the particles may be scaly, granular, spherical, or the like, and any of them may be used.
- natural graphite include ACP manufactured by Nippon Graphite Industry Co., Ltd.
- Examples of artificial graphite include KS-6, KS-25 and KS-44 manufactured by Imerys GC Japan.
- the 50% particle size of graphite is not limited, it is preferably 3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the 50% particle size (D 50 ) of the PTFE resin and graphite used in the third embodiment is the particle size at the point where the cumulative value is 50% when the particle size distribution is a cumulative distribution. It can be measured using a particle size distribution measuring device using the method.
- the resin composition may contain a combination of the carbon fiber and the solid lubricant, or may contain only the carbon fiber or the solid lubricant.
- a known resin additive that does not intentionally contain sulfur may be added to the resin composition to the extent that it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- additives include inorganic substances (mica, talc, calcium carbonate, boron nitride, etc.), whiskers (calcium carbonate, potassium titanate, etc.), coloring agents (carbon black, iron oxide, titanium oxide, etc.), and other resin components. etc.
- the resin additive may contain sulfur as an impurity.
- sulfur is present bound to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- a resin having a glass transition point higher than that of the PEEK resin and intentionally not containing sulfur may be blended into the resin composition in an amount smaller than that of the PEEK resin to the extent that the effects of the present invention are not hindered. good.
- the decrease in elastic modulus in a region having a temperature higher than the glass transition point (143° C.) of the PEEK resin.
- resins for example, thermoplastic polyimide resins, thermosetting polyimide resins, polyamideimide resins, polyetherimide resins, etc. can be selected. It can be up to 10% by volume.
- Carbon fiber, PTFE resin, graphite, and other additives blended in the resin composition used in the third embodiment preferably do not contain sulfur atoms intentionally (excluding inclusion as an impurity).
- the resin composition preferably does not contain a PPS resin or molybdenum disulfide.
- a particularly preferable form of the resin composition used in the third embodiment of the present invention is that the melt viscosity at a shear rate of 1000 / s and a temperature of 400 ° C. is 270 Pa s to 550 Pa s according to the ISO 11443 compliant measurement method.
- PEEK resin as a base resin, containing 5% to 25% by volume of carbon fiber and 5% by volume of a solid lubricant (at least one selected from PTFE resin and graphite) with respect to the entire resin composition. 25% by volume, and the average fiber length of the carbon fibers is 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the resin composition preferably contains 10% to 20% by volume of carbon fiber and 10% to 20% by volume of PTFE resin with respect to the entire resin composition.
- the piston ring of the third embodiment is manufactured by heat-treating the molded body of the resin composition described above at a predetermined temperature. Due to the above heat treatment, this piston ring has an endothermic peak due to heat history in the range of 150° C. to 330° C. in the temperature rising process of differential scanning calorimetry. That is, the piston ring has an endothermic peak in the range of 150° C. to 330° C. in addition to the endothermic peak derived from the melting point (approximately 343° C.) of PEEK resin.
- the content of sulfur atoms in the piston ring is preferably 0.1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or less, relative to the total amount (100% by mass) of the resin composition. , is more preferably 0.025 mass % (250 ppm) or less, and particularly preferably 0.020 mass % (200 ppm) or less.
- each material constituting the resin composition After mixing each material constituting the resin composition with a Henschel mixer, a ball mixer, a ribbon blender, etc., if necessary, it is melt-kneaded with a melt extruder such as a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pellets for molding are obtained. can be obtained.
- a melt extruder such as a twin-screw kneading extruder
- pellets for molding can be obtained.
- the carbon material, the PTFE resin, the aromatic polyester resin, and the above-mentioned additive for resin may be introduced by side feeding during melt-kneading with a twin-screw extruder or the like.
- a molding process can be performed for the purpose of obtaining, for example, (1) a ring-shaped molding or (2) a molding (molding material) that can be cut into a ring shape.
- a piston ring can be molded by injection molding using molding pellets. Additional processing or complete processing may be performed using an injection-molded material to finish a predetermined piston ring shape.
- compression molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, and the like can be appropriately selected, and among these, injection molding is preferable.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an injection molding machine used for injection molding. Molding pellets obtained by kneading the resin composition described above are used as raw materials. The molding pellets are put into a hopper 12 of an injection molding machine 11 and introduced from the hopper 12 into a cylinder 13 . After that, the molding pellets are heated and melted by the heater 14 in the cylinder 13, pushed by the screw 15, passed through the weighing section, and filled into the nozzle 16 side as one shot of molten resin. Molding is performed by injecting molten resin from this nozzle 16 into a cavity of a desired shape through a gate.
- the desired shape mentioned above is, for example, the shape of the molded article in (1) or (2) above.
- the maximum temperature in the nozzle 16 or cylinder 13 of the injection molding machine 11 should be 380° C. or higher as a measured value of the resin temperature during injection molding. is preferred. Since the boiling point of diphenylsulfone remaining in the PEEK resin is 379° C., the maximum temperature in the nozzle 16 or the cylinder 13 is set to 380° C. or higher as a measured value of the resin temperature. It becomes easier to remove the diphenyl sulfone present. This temperature condition is also effective for previously removing active sulfur contained in fillers containing sulfur as an impurity, such as carbon fiber, graphite, and carbon black, in the resin composition. . More preferably, the maximum temperature is 380° C. to 420° C. as measured resin temperature.
- the measured resin temperature may be higher than the nozzle and cylinder temperature settings. In this case, even if the set value is lower than 380.degree. C., the measured value should be 380.degree. C. or higher.
- the maximum temperature in the nozzle or cylinder of the melt extruder is 380° C. or higher as a measured value of the resin temperature, as in the case of injection molding described above. . This makes it easier to remove diphenylsulfone remaining in the PEEK resin. More preferably, the maximum temperature is 380° C. to 420° C. as measured resin temperature.
- the measured resin temperature may be higher than the nozzle and cylinder temperature settings. In this case, even if the set value is lower than 380.degree. C., the measured value should be 380.degree. C. or higher.
- the molding pellets of the resin composition used for injection molding may be mixed with recycled materials produced by pulverizing spools and runners generated during injection molding. Mixing the recycled material is advantageous in removing diphenyl sulfone, since the recycled material has been subjected to a greater number of heat cycles than the virgin material without recycling.
- the molded body to be subjected to heat treatment is the above-mentioned (1) ring-shaped molded body, or (2) a molded body (molding material) that can be cut into a ring shape, and a machined product (additional or full processing).
- the heat treatment is preferably performed in any one of injection molding raw materials, piston rings cut from injection molding raw materials, and piston rings manufactured by injection molding. .
- This heat treatment is preferably performed at a maximum temperature of 150.degree. C. to 330.degree.
- the melting point of the diphenylsulfone remaining in the PEEK resin is 127°C, and the PEEK resin has a glass transition point (143°C) or higher because the molecular chains move easily and the diphenylsulfone is easily removed by evaporation.
- the maximum temperature of heat treatment is preferably 150° C. or higher. If the maximum temperature is less than 150°C, it is difficult to obtain the effect of reducing the sulfur content.
- the maximum temperature in the heat treatment step is preferably 150°C to 250°C, more preferably 200°C to 250°C. If the maximum temperature exceeds 250° C., for example, deformation is likely to occur when heat treatment is performed after injection molding.
- the temperature is more preferably higher than the working temperature of the piston ring, and more preferably 30° C. or more higher than the working temperature.
- the time for holding at the maximum temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 4 to 8 hours. This heat treatment is effective in reducing sulfur in the piston ring, and can reduce sulfur-containing gas generated during use of the piston ring in advance.
- the resin composition contains a filler containing sulfur as an impurity, such as carbon fiber, graphite, or carbon black, the activity It is particularly effective for pre-removal of sulfur.
- an endothermic peak (hereinafter referred to as an endothermic peak due to thermal history) appears that is not seen in the case of none. Since the endothermic peak due to thermal history appears at a temperature equal to or slightly higher than the maximum temperature of heat treatment (within +20 degrees), it is possible to estimate the maximum temperature of heat treatment.
- the piston ring of the present invention has a temperature range of 150°C to 330°C (preferably 150°C to 250°C, more preferably 200°C to 250°C) in the temperature rising process of differential scanning calorimetry range) has an endothermic peak due to thermal history.
- the piston ring has an endothermic peak in the range of 150° C. to 330° C. in addition to the endothermic peak derived from the melting point (approximately 343° C.) of the PEEK resin.
- the measurement by DSC can be performed, for example, under the conditions of a temperature increase rate of 15 degrees/minute and nitrogen gas.
- heat treatment in the air it is preferable to perform the heat treatment in the air.
- heat treatment in a special atmosphere such as exposure to a hydrogen atmosphere (desulfurization treatment) is not required, so a special exposure device is not required, strict safety measures are not required, and costs are reduced.
- the resin composition contains a thermoplastic polyimide resin as a main component
- a crystallization treatment heat treatment
- the above-mentioned Aurum manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. is used as the thermoplastic polyimide resin
- the conditions for the crystallization treatment may be, for example, in the atmosphere or in nitrogen, with a maximum temperature of 280° C. to 320° C., and holding at the maximum temperature for 2 hours or more.
- the degree of crystallinity after crystallization treatment is preferably 20% to 40%.
- the degree of crystallinity can be measured by a well-known method such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the heat of fusion of crystals.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- post-curing heat treatment
- injection molding materials piston rings cut from injection molding materials
- piston rings manufactured by injection molding It is preferable from the point of mechanical strength to implement.
- the post-curing conditions may be, for example, in the air at a maximum temperature of 250° C. to 260° C., and maintained at the maximum temperature for 15 hours or more.
- the crystallization treatment and the post-curing are preferably carried out also in terms of removing a small amount of active sulfur contained in the resin composition.
- the method for manufacturing a piston ring of the present invention preferably includes a heat treatment step of heat-treating the molded body made of the resin composition described above.
- a predetermined heat treatment step By performing a predetermined heat treatment step, the content of sulfur atoms in the compact can be reduced.
- Test examples A1 to A6 Using PEEK resin compositions (Test Examples A1 and A2, Test Examples A5 and A6) and thermoplastic polyimide resin compositions (Test Examples A3 and A4) blended at the blending ratio (% by volume) in Table 1, injection An injection molding material of ⁇ 8 ⁇ 20 mm was formed by molding.
- the injection molding material made of the PEEK resin composition was heat-treated at a maximum temperature of 200° C. for a holding time of 4 hours, and then machined to prepare a pin test piece of ⁇ 3 ⁇ 13 mm.
- An injection molding material made of a thermoplastic polyimide resin composition was crystallized at a maximum temperature of 320° C. for a holding time of 2 hours, and then machined to prepare a pin test piece of ⁇ 3 ⁇ 13 mm.
- the raw materials used for each resin composition are shown below.
- the content of sulfur atoms measured by ICP-MS was 50 ppm or less for carbon fiber (CF-1) and 200 ppm or less for carbon fiber (CF-2).
- Graphite having a sulfur atom content of 50 ppm or less as measured by ICP-MS was selected.
- the content of sulfur atoms in carbon black was 3200 ppm as measured by ICP-MS.
- PEEK resin [PEEK] Victrex Japan Co., Ltd.: PEEK 150P Thermoplastic polyimide resin [TPI] Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.: PD450 (3) PTFE resin [PTFE] Kitamura Co., Ltd.: KTL-450 (4) Carbon fiber [CF-1] Teijin Limited: HT M100 40MU (average fiber length 40 ⁇ m) (5) Carbon fiber [CF-2] Kureha Co., Ltd.: Kureca M201S (average fiber length 150 ⁇ m) (6) Graphite [GRP] Imerys GC Japan Co., Ltd.: TIMREX KS25 (7) Carbon black [CB]
- Test Examples A1 to A4 containing a carbon material (at least one of carbon fiber and graphite) having a sulfur atom content of 200 ppm or less in a total range of 5% to 35% by volume The specific wear amount was 81 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mm 3 /(N ⁇ m) to 209 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mm 3 /(N ⁇ m).
- Test Example A5 which contains PEEK resin as the main component and does not contain a carbon material (carbon fiber and graphite) having a sulfur atom content of 200 ppm or less, had a larger specific wear amount than Test Examples A1 to A4.
- Test Example A6 which contains 45% by volume of a carbon material (carbon fiber) containing PEEK resin as a main component and having a sulfur atom content of 200 ppm or less, had a high melt viscosity and could not be injection molded.
- Test examples B1 to B7 Thermoplastic polyimide resin compositions (Test Examples B1 to B4, B6) and polyamideimide resin compositions (Test Example B5) blended at the blending ratio (% by volume) in Table 2, and PEEK resin compositions (Test Example B7) were used. Then, an injection molding material of ⁇ 8 ⁇ 20 mm was formed by injection molding. For the thermoplastic polyimide resin composition and the PEEK resin composition, pin test pieces of ⁇ 3 ⁇ 13 mm were produced by machining the injection-molded materials. Of the thermoplastic polyimide compositions, only Test Example B3 was subjected to a crystallization treatment in the state of an injection-molded material at a maximum temperature of 320° C.
- the injection-molded material was held in the air at a maximum temperature of 260° C. for 18 hours for post-curing, and then machined to prepare a pin test piece of the same size as the above.
- Test Examples B1 to B4 containing thermoplastic polyimide resin as the main component As shown in Table 2, in Test Examples B1 to B4 containing thermoplastic polyimide resin as the main component, the specific wear amount was 130 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mm 3 /(N ⁇ m) to 292 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mm 3 /( N ⁇ m). Although Test Examples B2 and B3 have the same mixing ratio, Test Example B3, in which crystallization treatment was performed, was superior in wear resistance. Further, Test Example B5, which contains polyamide-imide resin as a main component, had a specific wear amount of 122 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mm 3 /(N ⁇ m). Test Example B6, in which thermoplastic polyimide resin is the main component and 3% by volume of PTFE resin is blended, has a larger specific wear amount than Test Examples B1 to B5.
- Test Examples B1 to B7 sulfur atoms were measured in the same procedure as in Test Example A.
- the measured value of sulfur atoms by ICP-MS/MS was less than the lower limit of determination (5 ppm).
- Test Example B7 containing PEEK resin as a main component the measured value of sulfur atoms was 80 ppm, which resulted in a higher sulfur atom content than in Test Examples B1 to B6.
- Test examples C1 to C5 The resin compositions used in Test Examples C1 to C5 were the following raw materials: PEEK resin: 84% by volume, carbon fiber: 10% by volume, PTFE resin: 5% by volume, carbon black: 1% by volume.
- molding pellets made of the resin composition were produced using a twin-screw kneading extruder.
- a piston ring (45 mm in outer diameter, 2 mm in radial thickness, 2 mm in width) as shown in FIG. 1 was produced by injection molding.
- Table 3 shows the maximum temperatures of the twin-screw kneading extruder and the injection molding machine, the heat treatment conditions, and the sulfur content of the manufactured piston rings for Test Examples C1 to C5.
- the sulfur content is the value measured by ICP-MS/MS.
- a sample for analysis was a supernatant obtained by filtering a decomposed liquid obtained by subjecting a piston ring to acid decomposition using a microwave sample pretreatment device. It was confirmed by a fluorescent X-ray spectrometer that the decomposition residue contained no sulfur atoms.
- Test Example C2 in which the injection molding temperature (actually measured) is 380°C, has a lower sulfur content than Test Example C1, in which the injection molding temperature (actually measured) is 360°C. was value. Further, when comparing Test Example C2 and Test Example C3, Test Example C3 in which the maximum temperature (actually measured) of the twin-screw kneading extruder is 380°C is superior to Test Example C2 in which the maximum temperature (actually measured) is 360°C. The sulfur content was low compared to
- the resin composition used for piston rings was examined below.
- Test Example C6 to Test Example C13 Using the PEEK resin composition blended at the blending ratio (% by volume) in Table 4, an injection molding material of ⁇ 8 x 20 mm was molded by injection molding, heat-treated in the atmosphere at a maximum temperature of 220 ° C. for 4 hours, and then machined. A pin test piece of ⁇ 3 ⁇ 13 mm was produced by processing.
- the melt viscosities of PEEK-1 to PEEK-5 are values measured at a shear rate of 1000/s and a temperature of 400° C. by a measuring method conforming to ISO 11443.
- Test Examples C6 to C11 had specific wear amounts of 19 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mm 3 /(N ⁇ m) to 79 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mm 3 /(N ⁇ m).
- the specific wear amounts of Test Examples C12 and C13 using a PEEK resin having a melt viscosity of less than 200 Pa ⁇ s were 413 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mm 3 /(N ⁇ m) and 200 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mm 3 /(N ⁇ m), and the results were inferior to those of Test Examples C6 to C11 in wear resistance.
- Test Example C10 average fiber length of carbon fiber: 400 ⁇ m
- slight wear damage was observed in the mating material.
- Fig. 5 shows the relationship between the melt viscosity of the PEEK resin and the specific wear amount for Test Examples C6 to C7 and Test Examples C11 to C13 (combination of CF-1: 10% by volume and PTFE resin: 10% by volume).
- the specific wear amount tended to increase sharply. From these results, by setting the melt viscosity of the PEEK resin in the range of 200 Pa ⁇ s to 550 Pa ⁇ s, the specific wear amount can be further reduced and the wear resistance can be further improved.
- a quantitative analysis of sulfur atoms was performed before and after heat treatment at a maximum temperature of 220°C for 4 hours on the injection-molded material used to produce the pin test piece of Test Example C6.
- the injection molding material was freeze-pulverized, acid-decomposed with a microwave sample pretreatment device, and the resulting decomposition solution was filtered to obtain a supernatant as an analysis sample.
- this analysis sample was analyzed by ICP-MS/MS, the sulfur content was 220 ppm before heat treatment and 150 ppm after heat treatment. It was confirmed by a fluorescent X-ray spectrometer that the decomposition residue contained no sulfur atoms.
- an injection molding material of a resin composition containing PEEK resin as a main component was heat-treated at a maximum temperature of 210°C for a holding time of 4 hours.
- An example of the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) after heat treatment is shown in FIG.
- an endothermic peak was observed at 223.degree.
- the piston ring of Test Example C described above has an endothermic peak due to heat history in the range of 150°C to 330°C in the temperature rising process of differential scanning calorimetry, corresponding to the maximum temperature in the heat treatment process.
- the piston ring of the present invention is suitable for a piston ring of a hydrogen gas reciprocating compressor for compressing hydrogen gas.
- a piston ring of a hydrogen gas reciprocating compressor for compressing hydrogen gas.
- deterioration in performance of the fuel cell can be suppressed.
- contamination of the hydrogen gas with sulfur can be more preferably avoided.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本発明のピストンリングは、図1に示すような単一の部材からなるピストンリングに限定されず、複数の部材を組み合わせることで円環状になるピストンリングであってもよい。
本発明の第1実施形態では、少なくともPEEK樹脂または熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂を、樹脂組成物のベース樹脂に用いている。
本発明の第2実施形態では、熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂またはポリアミドイミド樹脂を樹脂組成物のベース樹脂に用いている。
本発明の第3実施形態のピストンリングは、PEEK樹脂をベース樹脂とした樹脂組成物からなる。PEEK樹脂としては、上記第1実施形態と同様のPEEK樹脂を用いることができる。
成形用ペレットを用いて、例えば(1)リング状の成形体、または(2)リング状に削り出せる成形体(成形素材)を得る目的で成形工程を行うことができる。例えば、成形用ペレットを用いて射出成形によりピストンリングを成形することができる。射出成形素材を用いて追加工または全加工を行い、所定のピストンリング形状に仕上げてもよい。なお、成形方法としては、圧縮成形、射出成形、押し出し成形などを適宜選択でき、これらの中でも射出成形を行うことが好ましい。
熱処理の対象となる成形体は、上述の(1)リング状の成形体、または(2)リング状に削り出せる成形体(成形素材)および、上記(2)の成形素材の機械加工品(追加工または全加工)でもよい。
試験例A1~A6
表1の配合割合(体積%)で配合したPEEK樹脂組成物(試験例A1~A2、試験例A5~A6)および熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂組成物(試験例A3~試験例A4)を用いて、射出成形によってφ8×20mmの射出成形素材を成形した。
PEEK樹脂組成物からなる射出成形素材は、最高温度200℃、最高温度での保持時間4時間で熱処理した後、機械加工することでφ3×13mmのピン試験片を作製した。熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂組成物からなる射出成形素材は、最高温度320℃、最高温度での保持時間2時間で結晶化処理した後、機械加工することでφ3×13mmのピン試験片を作製した。
ビクトレックスジャパン株式会社:PEEK 150P
(2)熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂〔TPI〕
三井化学株式会社:PD450
(3)PTFE樹脂〔PTFE〕
株式会社喜多村:KTL-450
(4)炭素繊維〔CF-1〕
帝人株式会社:HT M100 40MU(平均繊維長40μm)
(5)炭素繊維〔CF-2〕
株式会社クレハ:クレカ M201S(平均繊維長150μm)
(6)黒鉛〔GRP〕
イメリス・ジーシー・ジャパン株式会社:TIMREX KS25
(7)カーボンブラック〔CB〕
得られたピン試験片について、図4に示すピンオンディスク試験機を用いて摩擦摩耗試験を行った。図4に示すように、試験機の回転ディスク18の表面に3つのピン試験片17の試験面を下記の面圧で押し付けた状態で、室温下で回転ディスク18を回転させた。具体的な試験条件は以下のとおりであり、回転ディスク18の材質はSUS304である。なお、この試験条件は水素ガス用往復式圧縮機でのピストンリングの使用条件を想定している。
(試験条件)
周速 :4.8m/min
面圧 :4MPa
潤滑 :なし(ドライ)
温度 :室温
時間 :50時間
PEEK樹脂を主成分とし、硫黄原子の含有量が200ppm以下の炭素材料(炭素繊維および黒鉛)を含まない試験例A5は、試験例A1~A4に比べて比摩耗量が大きかった。また、PEEK樹脂を主成分とし、硫黄原子の含有量が200ppm以下の炭素材料(炭素繊維)を45体積%含む試験例A6は、溶融粘度が高く、射出成形不可であった。
試験例B1~B7
表2の配合割合(体積%)で配合した熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂組成物(試験例B1~B4、B6)およびポリアミドイミド樹脂組成物(試験例B5)、PEEK樹脂組成物(試験例B7)を用いて、射出成形によってφ8×20mmの射出成形素材を成形した。
熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂組成物、PEEK樹脂組成物は、射出成形素材を機械加工することでφ3×13mmのピン試験片を作製した。なお、熱可塑性ポリイミド組成物のうち、試験例B3のみ、射出成形素材の状態で最高温度320℃、最高温度での保持時間2時間として結晶化処理を実施した。ポリアミドイミド樹脂組成物は、射出成形素材を大気中にて最高温度260℃で18時間保持してポストキュアした後、機械加工することで上記と同サイズのピン試験片を作製した。
(1)熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂〔TPI〕
三井化学株式会社:PD450
(2)ポリアミドイミド樹脂〔PAI〕
ソルベイスペシャルティポリマーズジャパン株式会社:4000T
(3)ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂〔PEEK〕
ビクトレックスジャパン株式会社:PEEK 150P
(4)PTFE樹脂〔PTFE〕
株式会社喜多村:KTL-450
(5)芳香族ポリエステル樹脂
熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂を主成分とし、PTFE樹脂を3体積%配合した試験例B6は、試験例B1~B5に比べて比摩耗量が大きかった。
[試験例C]
試験例C1~C5
試験例C1~C5に用いた樹脂組成物は、下記の原材料をPEEK樹脂:84体積%、炭素繊維:10体積%、PTFE樹脂:5体積%、カーボンブラック:1体積%の割合で配合したものである。
(1)PEEK樹脂
ビクトレックスジャパン株式会社:PEEK 150P
(2)炭素繊維
株式会社クレハ:クレカ M201S(平均繊維長150μm)
(3)PTFE樹脂
株式会社喜多村:KTL-450(50%粒子径22μm)
(4)カーボンブラック
表4の配合割合(体積%)で配合したPEEK樹脂組成物を用いて、射出成形によってφ8×20mmの射出成形素材を成形し、大気中にて最高温度220℃で4時間熱処理した後、機械加工することでφ3×13mmのピン試験片を作製した。
(1)PEEK-1
ビクトレックスジャパン株式会社:90P(溶融粘度90Pa・s)
(2)PEEK-2
ビクトレックスジャパン株式会社:150P(溶融粘度130Pa・s)
(3)PEEK-3
ビクトレックスジャパン株式会社:380P(溶融粘度300Pa・s)
(4)PEEK-4
ビクトレックスジャパン株式会社:450P(溶融粘度350Pa・s)
(5)PEEK-5
ビクトレックスジャパン株式会社:650P(溶融粘度500Pa・s)
(6)CF-1
株式会社クレハ:クレカ M201S(平均繊維長150μm)
(7)CF-2
東レ株式会社:トレカ MLD-30(平均繊維長30μm)
(8)CF-3
株式会社クレハ:クレカ M107T(平均繊維長400μm)
(9)PTFE樹脂
株式会社喜多村:KTL-450(50%粒子径22μm)
(10)黒鉛
日本黒鉛工業株式会社:CGB-20(50%粒子径20μm)
2 圧縮機構部
3 シリンダー
4 ピストン
5 ピストンロッド
6 圧縮室
11 射出成形機
12 ホッパー
13 シリンダー
14 ヒータ
15 スクリュー
16 ノズル
17 ピン試験片
18 回転ディスク
Claims (11)
- ガスを圧縮する往復式圧縮機に用いられるピストンリングであって、
前記ピストンリングがポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂または熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂を少なくとも主成分とする樹脂組成物からなり、
前記樹脂組成物には硫黄原子の含有量が200ppm以下の炭素材料が配合され、該炭素材料が炭素繊維、黒鉛、およびコークス粉からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種以上であって、前記樹脂組成物全体に対して前記炭素材料が合計で5体積%~35体積%含まれることを特徴とするピストンリング。 - 前記樹脂組成物は、該樹脂組成物全体に対してポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂を5体積%~25体積%含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載のピストンリング。
- 前記炭素材料が少なくとも前記炭素繊維を含み、該炭素繊維の平均繊維長が20μm~200μmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のピストンリング。
- 前記ピストンリングの硫黄原子の含有量が250ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のピストンリング。
- 前記樹脂組成物が前記ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂を主成分とし、前記ピストンリングが、示差走査熱量測定の昇温過程において、150℃~330℃の範囲に熱履歴による吸熱ピークを有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のピストンリング。
- 前記往復式圧縮機が水素ガスを圧縮する水素ガス用往復式圧縮機であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のピストンリング。
- ガスを圧縮する往復式圧縮機に用いられるピストンリングであって、
前記ピストンリングが、熱可塑性ポリイミド樹脂またはポリアミドイミド樹脂を主成分とする樹脂組成物からなり、硫黄原子の含有量が5ppm未満であることを特徴とするピストンリング。 - 前記ピストンリングの硫黄原子の含有量を測定する方法が、トリプル四重極型誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法によることを特徴とする請求項7記載のピストンリング。
- 前記樹脂組成物が炭素材料および硫化物を含まないことを特徴とする請求項7記載のピストンリング。
- 前記樹脂組成物がポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂および芳香族ポリエステル樹脂の少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする請求項7記載のピストンリング。
- 前記樹脂組成物がポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂および芳香族ポリエステル樹脂を含み、これらの合計の配合量が、前記樹脂組成物全体に対して5体積%~50体積%であることを特徴とする請求項10記載のピストンリング。
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| US18/682,929 US20250341253A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2022-08-10 | Piston ring |
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| JP2021131226A JP2023025840A (ja) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | ピストンリング |
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| JP3277388B2 (ja) | 1992-07-27 | 2002-04-22 | ソニー株式会社 | プリント配線基板の製造方法及びプリント配線基板 |
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| US12297867B2 (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2025-05-13 | Dover Pumps & Process Solutions Segment, Inc. | Functionally graded composite structures |
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2022
- 2022-08-10 US US18/682,929 patent/US20250341253A1/en active Pending
- 2022-08-10 WO PCT/JP2022/030517 patent/WO2023017833A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-08-10 KR KR1020247005148A patent/KR20240044434A/ko active Pending
- 2022-08-10 EP EP22855895.3A patent/EP4386208A4/en active Pending
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| JP6533631B1 (ja) | 2019-01-16 | 2019-06-19 | 株式会社加地テック | ガス圧縮機及びガス圧縮機の製造方法 |
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| EP4386208A4 (en) | 2024-12-11 |
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