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WO2023013163A1 - Processing apparatus and processing method for recovering decomposition oil from pyrolysis gas - Google Patents

Processing apparatus and processing method for recovering decomposition oil from pyrolysis gas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023013163A1
WO2023013163A1 PCT/JP2022/014984 JP2022014984W WO2023013163A1 WO 2023013163 A1 WO2023013163 A1 WO 2023013163A1 JP 2022014984 W JP2022014984 W JP 2022014984W WO 2023013163 A1 WO2023013163 A1 WO 2023013163A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
cracked oil
water
pyrolysis
pyrolysis gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2022/014984
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
貴行 井原
孝 藤原
健 向井
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Ebara Environmental Plant Co Ltd
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Ebara Environmental Plant Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2023013163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023013163A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a processing apparatus and a processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of organic matter such as waste plastics, biomass and waste, and particularly recovering high-quality cracked oil from pyrolysis gas. It relates to a processing apparatus and a processing method for processing.
  • Waste plastics may contain PS (polystyrene), PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), etc.
  • PS polystyrene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • a fluidized bed furnace has a structure in which the interior of the furnace is divided into a thermal decomposition chamber and a medium regeneration chamber by a partition wall. While the fluid medium circulates between the pyrolysis chamber and the medium regeneration chamber, the waste plastic is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber. The waste plastic is heated by the fluid medium in the pyrolysis chamber and gasified after pyrolysis. Waste plastic residues are carried to the media reclamation chamber by the fluid media. Waste plastic residues are combusted in the media reclamation chamber to heat the flowing media. The heated fluid medium moves into the pyrolysis chamber and acts as a heat source within the pyrolysis chamber.
  • a fluidized bed furnace in which the fluidized medium circulates in this way is called an internal circulation fluidized bed gasification system.
  • Waste plastic generates pyrolysis gas through thermal decomposition. Cracked oil is recovered by condensing the gaseous hydrocarbons contained in the pyrolysis gas.
  • the internal circulation fluidized bed gasification system described above is expected as a technology capable of thermally decomposing waste plastics and recovering cracked oil and cracked gas as thermal decomposition products.
  • the cracked oil recovered from the thermal decomposition of waste plastics may contain impurities that are undesirable for use in petroleum refining and petrochemistry.
  • chlorine, acid, solid matter, and the like which are by-produced during thermal decomposition, may be mixed into the cracked oil. More specifically, chlorine is HCl derived from PVC in waste plastics, acid is sublimable acid derived from PET and PVC plasticizers in waste plastics, and solids are high These include molecular polymers and coke residues.
  • the fluidized medium for example, silica sand fines
  • catalyst fines which are solids derived from the fluidized bed furnace, and catalyst fines are added to the cracked oil. It may be mixed. These impurities deteriorate the quality of the cracked oil and become a factor that inhibits reuse of the cracked oil.
  • the present invention provides a processing apparatus and a processing method capable of improving the quality of cracked oil recovered from pyrolysis gas generated by thermal decomposition of organic matter such as waste plastics.
  • a processing apparatus for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace, wherein the physical separation physically removes particles from the pyrolysis gas. and an oil recovery section for recovering cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the particles have been removed, wherein the physical separation section removes particles from the pyrolysis gas by spraying a cleaning medium onto the pyrolysis gas.
  • a processing apparatus is provided that includes a scrubber that removes the
  • the processing apparatus further includes an oil pump that transfers the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit to the cleaning dust collector, and the cleaning dust collector is transported by the oil pump. It is configured to spray the cracked oil as the cleaning medium onto the pyrolysis gas.
  • the cleaning dust collector is a venturi scrubber or a cyclone scrubber.
  • the physical separation unit includes an oil passage structure for sending cracked oil recovered by the scrubbing dust collector to the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the physical separation unit further comprises a solid-gas separator for separating particles from the pyrolysis gas generated within the pyrolysis furnace. In one aspect, the solid-gas separator is located within the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the pyrolysis furnace is a pyrolysis furnace of a fluidized bed furnace
  • the fluidized bed furnace has the pyrolysis furnace and the medium regeneration furnace in which a fluidized medium circulates
  • the physical separation unit comprises: A particle passage structure is provided for sending the particles removed from the pyrolysis gas from the solid-gas separator to the media regeneration furnace.
  • the processing equipment further includes a chemical separation unit that chemically removes impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit, and the chemical separation unit supplies water to the cracked oil.
  • an oil-water mixer for mixing the cracked oil and the water to transfer impurities in the cracked oil to the water; and a water mixer connected to the oil-water mixer to separate the cracked oil and the water. It has an oil-water separator that allows
  • a processing apparatus for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace, comprising: an oil recovery unit for recovering cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas; A chemical separation unit for chemically removing impurities from the cracked oil, wherein the chemical separation unit includes a water supply line that supplies water to the cracked oil, and mixes the cracked oil and the water,
  • a treatment apparatus is provided comprising: an oil-water mixer for transferring impurities in the cracked oil to the water; and an oil-water separator coupled to the oil-water mixer for separating the cracked oil and the water.
  • a processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace comprising physical separation for physically removing particles from the pyrolysis gas and recovering the cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the particles have been removed by an oil recovery unit, the physical separation is performed by guiding the pyrolysis gas to a scrubbing dust collector, in the scrubbing dust collector
  • a treatment method includes removing particles from the pyrolysis gas by spraying the pyrolysis gas with a cleaning medium.
  • the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit is transferred to the cleaning and dust collector, and the cleaning and dust collector uses the cracked oil transferred from the oil recovery unit as the cleaning medium for the heat treatment. Spray into cracked gas.
  • the cleaning dust collector is a venturi scrubber or a cyclone scrubber.
  • the physical separation further includes the step of sending the cracked oil collected by the scrubber and dust collector to the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the physical separation further comprises separating particles from the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace by a solid-gas separator.
  • the solid-gas separator is located within the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the pyrolysis furnace is a pyrolysis furnace of a fluidized bed furnace
  • the fluidized bed furnace has the pyrolysis furnace and the medium regeneration furnace in which a fluidized medium circulates
  • the physical separation is the The method further includes sending the particles removed from the pyrolysis gas by a solid-gas separator to the media regeneration furnace.
  • the treatment method further comprises chemical separation for chemically removing impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit, wherein the chemical separation supplies water to the cracked oil, A step of mixing the cracked oil and the water to transfer impurities in the cracked oil to the water, and then separating the cracked oil and the water.
  • a processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace wherein cracked oil is recovered from the pyrolysis gas, and cracked oil is recovered from the cracked oil.
  • a chemical separation is performed to chemically remove impurities, the chemical separation supplying water to the cracked oil, mixing the cracked oil and the water, and removing the impurities in the cracked oil from the water. and then separating said cracked oil and said water.
  • the physical separation unit can remove particles from the pyrolysis gas.
  • a physical separation unit comprising a solid-gas separator and a scrubber can remove particles from the pyrolysis gas in two stages. That is, the solid-gas separator can remove relatively large particles from the pyrolysis gas, and then the scrubber can remove fine particles from the pyrolysis gas. As a result, the amount of particles contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.
  • the chemical separation unit which has a water supply line, an oil-water mixer, and an oil-water separator, can remove impurities from the cracked oil by transferring impurities such as water-soluble substances and chlorine from the cracked oil to the water. As a result, the amount of impurities contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.
  • processing equipment with both physical and chemical separations can adequately remove impurities such as powders, water-soluble substances, and chlorine from the cracked oil.
  • impurities such as powders, water-soluble substances, and chlorine
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a pyrolytic treatment system for treating organic matter
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a pyrolytic treatment system for treating organic matter
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a pyrolytic treatment system for treating organic matter
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of a pyrolysis type treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of a pyrolysis type treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a pyrolytic treatment system for treating organic matter.
  • Organic substances to be treated in the embodiments described below include waste containing at least one of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PS (polystyrene), PP (polypropylene), and PE (polyethylene). It's plastic.
  • the pyrolysis treatment system includes a pyrolysis furnace 6 that pyrolyzes waste plastic, which is an example of organic matter, and a treatment device that recovers cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 6.
  • the type of the pyrolysis furnace 6 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a fluidized-bed pyrolysis furnace, which will be described later, or a kiln-type pyrolysis furnace.
  • the processing apparatus 2 includes a physical separation unit 15 that physically removes particles from the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing the waste plastic in the pyrolysis furnace 6, and a cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the particles have been removed. is provided with an oil recovery unit 16 for recovering the Specific examples of the particles removed by the physical separation unit 15 include high molecular weight polymer and coke residue produced during thermal decomposition of waste plastics, fluid media (for example, silica sand fine powder), catalyst fine powder, and the like.
  • the physical separation unit 15 is equipped with a cleaning dust collector 25 that removes particles from the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace 6.
  • the cleaning dust collector 25 is connected to the pyrolysis furnace 6 and arranged downstream of the pyrolysis furnace 6 .
  • the cleaning dust collector 25 of this embodiment is a venturi scrubber. More specifically, the cleaning dust collector 25 includes a venturi tube 27 connected to a gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace 6, a cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 having an oil outlet in the venturi tube 27, and a venturi tube 27.
  • a cyclone collector 29 is provided. Cracked oil that has already been recovered from the pyrolysis gas is supplied to the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 . That is, the cleaning medium ejection nozzle 28 is connected to the oil recovery section 16 so that the decomposed oil already recovered by the oil recovery section 16 is supplied to the cleaning medium ejection nozzle 28 as the cleaning medium.
  • the oil recovery unit 16 includes an oil scrubber 35 that recovers the cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas, and a cracked oil storage tank 38 that stores the cracked oil discharged from the oil scrubber 35 .
  • the cracked oil in the cracked oil storage tank 38 is transferred to the cleaning dust collector 25 by the oil pump 40 .
  • An oil pump 40 is installed in the cracked oil storage tank 38 to transfer the cracked oil to the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 .
  • the cleaning dust collector 25 sprays cracked oil pressurized by the oil pump 40 onto the pyrolysis gas flowing through the venturi tube 27 from the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 .
  • the flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas increases, and the cracked oil sprayed from the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 becomes mist and spreads in the pyrolysis gas.
  • the cracking oil mist captures particles present in the pyrolysis gas and removes these particles from the pyrolysis gas.
  • Particles removed by the cleaning dust collector 25 are particles having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more, for example.
  • the cracked oil sprayed from the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 not only traps fine particles, but also cools the pyrolysis gas, vaporizing the sprayed cracked oil and condensing a portion of the pyrolysis gas. Condensed cracked oil and trapped particles are collected in a cyclone collector 29 .
  • the particles in the pyrolysis gas are removed by the cleaning dust collector 25, and as a result, the quality of the cracked oil recovered by the oil scrubber 35 in the subsequent stage can be improved. .
  • the cleaning dust collector 25 of this embodiment is a venturi scrubber, but the type of the cleaning dust collector 25 is not particularly limited as long as the cleaning dust collector 25 can remove fine particles with a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more from the pyrolysis gas.
  • the cleaning dust collector 25 may be a cyclone scrubber.
  • the pyrolysis gas is cooled, for example, from 450°C to 350°C by the cleaning dust collector 25.
  • oil components with a boiling point lower than 350° C. remain in a gaseous state and flow to the oil scrubber 35 in the subsequent stage.
  • oil components with a boiling point within the range of 350° C. to 450° C. are cooled by the cleaning dust collector 25 and condensed. Therefore, the cracked oil recovered by the washing and dust collector 25 is oil equivalent to heavy oil (that is, heavy oil).
  • the above operation temperature is an example, and the cooling temperature may be changed by changing the spray amount of the cracked oil to adjust the fraction of the cracked oil to be recovered.
  • the cleaning medium of the cleaning dust collector 25 is not limited to decomposition oil, and for example, a cleaning medium purchased from the outside may be sprayed.
  • Specific examples of the cleaning medium include light oil introduced from the outside, oil with a high boiling point (for example, lubricating oil with a boiling point of 450° C. or higher), and water.
  • the physical separation unit 15 is equipped with an oil passage structure 43 for sending the cracked oil recovered by the washing and dust collector 25 to the pyrolysis furnace 6.
  • This oil passage structure 43 extends from a heavy oil tank 45 connected to the bottom of the cyclone collector 29 to the pyrolysis furnace 6 .
  • the specific structure and shape of the oil passage structure 43 are not particularly limited as long as it has an oil passage through which cracked oil can pass. Since the recovered cracked oil contains fine particles, the oil passage structure 43 may be provided with a separation device for removing these fine particles from the cracked oil.
  • the cracked oil (heavy oil) collected at the bottom of the washing and dust collector 25 is temporarily stored in the heavy oil tank 45, and further flows from the heavy oil tank 45 into the pyrolysis furnace 6 through the oil passage structure 43.
  • the physical separation unit 15 has a liquid level sensor 46 that detects the liquid level of the cracked oil accumulated in the heavy oil tank 45, and an open/close valve 47 that opens and closes based on the liquid level position output from the liquid level sensor 46. are doing.
  • the on-off valve 47 is attached to the oil passage structure 43 .
  • the on-off valve 47 is configured to open when the liquid level of the cracked oil in the heavy oil tank 45 is higher than a predetermined level.
  • the on-off valve 47 is an actuator-driven valve such as an electric valve or an electromagnetic valve.
  • the cracked oil is sent from the heavy oil tank 45 through the oil passage structure 43 into the pyrolysis furnace 6 .
  • the cracked oil (heavy oil) returned to the pyrolysis furnace 6 is pyrolyzed again in the pyrolysis furnace 6 . Most of the pyrolyzed cracked oil remains in a gaseous state and passes through the scrubber 25, and the rest is condensed again to form cracked oil (heavy oil).
  • the heavy oil is recovered by the washing and dust collector 25, so that the oil scrubber 35 removes oil components (light oil, kerosene) having a lower boiling point than the heavy oil. , gasoline, etc.) can be recovered.
  • oil components light oil, kerosene having a lower boiling point than the heavy oil. , gasoline, etc.
  • the oil scrubber 35 is arranged downstream of the cleaning dust collector 25 .
  • the oil scrubber 35 is connected to the cleaning dust collector 25 , and the pyrolysis gas from which particles have been removed by the cleaning dust collector 25 is guided to the oil scrubber 35 .
  • the oil scrubber 35 is connected downstream of the cyclone collector 29 of the cleaning dust collector 25 .
  • the oil scrubber 35 sprays cracked oil already recovered from the cracked gas onto the cracked gas, thereby cooling the cracked gas and condensing gaseous cracked oil (hydrocarbons) in the cracked gas. . Both the condensed cracked oil and the sprayed cracked oil are discharged from the oil scrubber 35 and stored in the cracked oil storage tank 38 .
  • a specific configuration of the oil scrubber 35 to be used is not particularly limited, and a known oil scrubber can be used.
  • the oil scrubber 35 can be a tower having a gas passage formed therein and a scrubbing tower having a spray nozzle for spraying oil onto the gas flowing through the passage.
  • the oil scrubber 35 further cools the pyrolysis gas cooled by the cleaning dust collector 25 by spraying cracked oil onto the pyrolysis gas.
  • the pyrolysis gas is cooled from 450° C. to 350° C. by the scrubber 25 and cooled from 350° C. to 100° C. by the oil scrubber 35 . Therefore, in the oil scrubber 35, oil components with boiling points within the range of 350° C. to 100° C. are condensed and recovered.
  • the oil recovery unit 16 further includes a water scrubber 50 arranged downstream of the oil scrubber 35 and an oil-water separator 51 that separates cracked oil from the mixture of cracked oil and water discharged from the water scrubber 50 .
  • the water scrubber 50 sprays water onto the pyrolysis gas passing through it to further cool the pyrolysis gas.
  • the water scrubber 50 sprays alkaline water onto the pyrolysis gas.
  • the pyrolysis gas is cooled by contact with water (alkaline water in this embodiment). For example, pyrolysis gases are cooled from 100° C. to 40° C. by water scrubber 50 . Therefore, the water scrubber 50 condenses and recovers oil components and water vapor having boiling points within the range of 100°C to 40°C.
  • a mixture of cracked oil and water is discharged from the water scrubber 50 and sent to the oil-water separator 51 .
  • the oil-water separator 51 is configured to separate cracked oil from water.
  • the specific configuration of the oil-water separator 51 is not particularly limited, for example, a coalescer or a sedimentation tank can be used for the oil-water separator 51 .
  • the cracked oil separated by the oil-water separator 51 is sent to the cracked oil storage tank 38 and stored in the cracked oil storage tank 38 .
  • the oil scrubber 35 and the water scrubber 50 recover the cracked oil contained in the pyrolysis gas, thereby improving the overall cracked oil yield.
  • a specific configuration of the water scrubber 50 to be used is not particularly limited, and a known water scrubber can be used.
  • the water scrubber 50 can be a tower with gas passages formed therein and a scrubbing tower equipped with spray nozzles for spraying water onto the gas flowing through the passages.
  • the above-described oil scrubber 35 and water scrubber 50 are examples of condensers that condense gaseous cracked oil (hydrocarbons) in the pyrolysis gas.
  • the condenser may be a multi-stage condenser as in this embodiment, or may be a single-stage condenser.
  • the cooling form of the condenser may be direct cooling or indirect cooling.
  • the physical separation unit 15 includes a solid-gas separator 18 that separates particles from the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace 6, and a pyrolysis gas from which the particles are separated from the pyrolysis gas by spraying cracked oil onto the pyrolysis gas.
  • a scrubbing dust collector 25 is provided to further remove particles.
  • the washing and dust collecting device 25 has the same construction as the washing and dust collecting device 25 of the embodiment described with reference to FIG.
  • the solid-gas separator 18 is preferably placed inside the pyrolysis furnace 6 in order to suppress temperature drop due to heat radiation, but may be placed outside the pyrolysis furnace 6 .
  • the solid-gas separator 18 is a cyclone-type solid-gas separator that separates particles from the pyrolysis gas by centrifugal force.
  • the pyrolysis gas generated by thermal decomposition of the waste plastic in the pyrolysis furnace 6 enters the solid-gas separator 18 through the upper inlet 18a and forms a swirling flow within the solid-gas separator 18. Particles contained in the pyrolysis gas are separated from the pyrolysis gas by centrifugal force. Particles removed by the solid-gas separator 18 are, for example, particles with a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more. Particles separated from the pyrolysis gas are collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 .
  • the physical separation unit 15 has a particle passage structure 19 for sending particles removed from the pyrolysis gas from the solid-gas separator 18 to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace 6.
  • This particle passage structure 19 extends from the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace 6 .
  • the particles collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 are discharged from the solid-gas separator 18 through the particle passage structure 19 by their own weight.
  • the specific structure and shape of the particle passage structure 19 are not particularly limited as long as it has a particle passage through which particles can pass.
  • the particle passage structure 19 may extend from the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 into the interior of the pyrolysis furnace 6 . That is, particles collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 may pass through the particle passage structure 19 back into the pyrolysis furnace 6 .
  • the cleaning dust collector 25 is arranged downstream of the solid-gas separator 18 .
  • the scrubbing dust collector 25 is connected to the solid-gas separator 18 , and the pyrolysis gas from which particles have been removed by the solid-gas separator 18 is guided to the scrubbing dust collector 25 .
  • the venturi tube 27 of the cleaning dust collector 25 is connected to the gas outlet of the solid-gas separator 18 .
  • the configuration and arrangement of the cleaning dust collector 25, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIG.
  • the cleaning dust collector 25 of the present embodiment is a venturi scrubber.
  • the type of dust device 25 is not particularly limited.
  • the cleaning dust collector 25 may be a cyclone scrubber.
  • the particles in the pyrolysis gas are removed in two stages by the solid-gas separator 18 and the cleaning dust collector 25. That is, the solid-gas separator 18 can remove relatively large particles from the pyrolysis gas, and then the cleaning dust collector 25 can remove fine particles from the pyrolysis gas. As a result, the quality of the cracked oil recovered by the oil scrubber 35 in the subsequent stage can be improved.
  • the physical separation unit 15 having both the solid-gas separator 18 and the scrubbing dust collector 25 is suitable when the particle concentration in the pyrolysis gas is high.
  • the waste plastic to be processed may contain both PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate).
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • HCl hydrogen chloride
  • PET generates benzoic acid and terephthalic acid when it is thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition furnace 6 . All of these acids sublimate and deposit downstream, causing fouling and corrosion of downstream equipment and deterioration of quality due to acid contamination (crystallization) in cracked oil.
  • the processing device 2 for recovering the cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 6 includes an oil recovery section 16 for recovering the cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas, and an oil recovery section 16 for recovering the cracked oil.
  • a chemical separation section 60 is provided for chemically removing impurities from the cracked oil.
  • the physical separation unit 15 the solid-gas separator 18 and the cleaning dust collector 25
  • the oil recovery section 16 has the same configuration as the oil recovery section 16 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, redundant description thereof will be omitted.
  • the chemical separation unit 60 is connected to a water supply line 61 that supplies water to the cracked oil, an oil-water mixer 64 that mixes the cracked oil and water and transfers impurities in the cracked oil to the water, and the oil-water mixer 64 . and has an oil-water separator 66 for separating cracked oil and water.
  • Specific examples of the impurities removed by the chemical separation unit 60 include PVC-derived HCl and PET-derived sublimation acid crystals generated during thermal decomposition of waste plastics.
  • Specific examples of the water supplied from the water supply line 61 include steam condensed water, pure water, alkaline water, and the like. In this embodiment, alkaline water is used as the water supplied from the water supply line 61 .
  • the oil-water mixer 64 is connected to the cracked oil storage tank 38 of the oil recovery section 16 .
  • An oil pump 40 is installed in the cracked oil storage tank 38 to transfer the cracked oil from the cracked oil storage tank 38 to the oil-water mixer 64 .
  • the water supply line 61 is connected to the upstream side of the oil-water mixer 64 , and water is sent to the oil-water mixer 64 through the water supply line 61 .
  • the water is alkaline water discharged from the water scrubber 50 . That is, the water supply line 61 is connected to an oil-water separator 51 connected to the water scrubber 50 , and the alkaline water separated from the cracked oil by the oil-water separator 51 passes through the water supply line 61 to the oil-water mixer 64 .
  • the water supply line 61 may be connected to an alkaline water supply, not shown. In other embodiments, the water supply line 61 may be connected to a pure water supply or steam condensate supply, not shown.
  • the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit 16 more specifically by the oil scrubber 35 and the water scrubber 50 is mixed with alkaline water by the oil-water mixer 64 .
  • Water-soluble powder for example, PET-derived sublimable acid crystals
  • HCl contained in the decomposed oil migrate to the alkaline water side and dissolve in the alkaline water.
  • a mixture of cracked oil and alkaline water output from the oil-water mixer 64 is sent to the oil-water separator 66, where the cracked oil and alkaline water (including impurities) are separated.
  • impurities such as water-soluble powder and HCl contained in the cracked oil are dissolved in the alkaline water, so these impurities are separated from the cracked oil together with the alkaline water. Therefore, the cracked oil extracted from the oil-water separator 66 is high-quality oil.
  • the oil-water separator 66 is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure capable of separating cracked oil and alkaline water.
  • the chemical separation unit 60 having the water supply line 61, the oil-water mixer 64, and the oil-water separator 66 removes impurities such as water-soluble substances and chlorine from the decomposed oil into water (alkaline water in this embodiment). Impurities can be removed from the cracked oil by moving to As a result, the amount of impurities contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.
  • slaked lime may be put into the waste plastic before being put into the pyrolysis furnace 6 .
  • the PVC is desalted and the PET is hydrolyzed by heating the waste plastic and the slaked lime while mixing the waste plastic and the slaked lime. That is, by heating PVC, chlorine contained in PVC is thermally separated as HCl (hydrogen chloride). The generated HCl is dry treated with slaked lime, and chlorine in HCl is fixed to the slaked lime as Ca salt (CaCl 2 ).
  • fine powder of slaked lime (Ca(OH) 2 ) and particles of Ca salts (CaCl 2 , CaCO 3 ), which are by-products, are recovered from the pyrolysis gas and decomposed. May be mixed with oil.
  • PVC-derived HCl that is not fixed in the slaked lime may also be mixed into the cracked oil.
  • some of the ester compounds contained in PVC plasticizers and PET are not hydrolyzed to produce sublimable benzoic acid and terephthalic acid, and these sublimable acids are converted from pyrolysis gas to cracked oil. may be mixed into the cracked oil as powder (crystals) when recovered.
  • the sublimable acid powder can be separated from the cracked oil by mixing it with water (eg, alkaline water). As a result, the quality of the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be improved.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of processing apparatus 2 that includes both the physical separation section 15 described with reference to FIG. 2 and the chemical separation section 60 described with reference to FIG. .
  • the chemical separation section 60 is arranged downstream of the physical separation section 15 .
  • the physical separation section 15 removes impurities such as particles from the pyrolysis gas and then the chemical separation section 60 removes impurities such as water-soluble powders, chlorine, etc. from the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas. .
  • a treatment device 2 with both a physical separation section 15 and a chemical separation section 60 can adequately remove particles, water-soluble substances, and impurities such as chlorine from the cracked oil. As a result, the amount of impurities contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.
  • the processing device 2 may comprise the physical separation section 15 described with reference to FIG. 1 and the chemical separation section 60 described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of a pyrolysis treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace.
  • the configuration and operation of the present embodiment, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 2, so redundant description thereof will be omitted.
  • the thermal decomposition treatment system includes a fluidized bed furnace 1 that thermally decomposes and burns waste plastic, which is an example of organic matter, and cracked oil from the thermal decomposition gas discharged from the fluidized bed furnace 1.
  • a processing device 2 for collecting is provided.
  • the fluidized bed furnace 1 includes a pyrolysis furnace 6 that pyrolyzes waste plastics to generate pyrolysis gas containing pyrolysis products such as hydrocarbons, and a medium regeneration furnace 7 that burns the residue of the pyrolyzed waste plastics. It has The pyrolysis furnace 6 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to the pyrolysis furnace 6 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4.
  • the pyrolysis furnace 6 and the medium regeneration furnace 7 are formed in one fluidized bed furnace 1. That is, the inside of the fluidized bed furnace 1 is partitioned into the pyrolysis furnace 6 and the medium regeneration furnace 7 by the partition wall 10 .
  • the overall shape of the fluidized bed furnace 1 is not particularly limited, it has, for example, a cylindrical shape or a rectangular shape.
  • Fluid media for example, silica sand
  • a fluidizing gas G is supplied to the pyrolysis furnace 6 and the medium regeneration furnace 7 in order to fluidize the fluidized medium. Waste plastics, which are raw materials, are fed into the pyrolysis furnace 6 by a raw material feeder (not shown).
  • the waste plastic is put into the pyrolysis furnace 6 while the fluid medium circulates between the pyrolysis furnace 6 and the medium regeneration furnace 7 .
  • the waste plastic is heated by the fluid medium in the pyrolysis furnace 6 and gasified after pyrolysis.
  • the waste plastic residue is carried to the medium regeneration furnace 7 by the fluid medium.
  • the waste plastic residue is burned in the medium regeneration furnace 7 to heat the fluid medium.
  • the heated fluid medium moves into the pyrolysis furnace 6 and functions as a heat source within the pyrolysis furnace 6 .
  • the fluidized bed furnace 1 in which the fluidized medium circulates in this way is called an internal circulation fluidized bed gasification system.
  • the treatment device 2 includes the physical separation section 15 and the oil recovery section 16 described with reference to FIG. That is, the physical separation unit 15 includes both the solid-gas separator 18 and the scrubbing dust collector 25 . This is because the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 6 constituting the fluidized bed furnace 1 contains high concentrations of particles.
  • the physical separation unit 15 has a particle passage structure 19 for sending particles removed from the pyrolysis gas from the solid-gas separator 18 to the medium regeneration furnace 7 of the fluidized bed furnace 1 .
  • This particle passage structure 19 extends from the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 to the media regeneration furnace 7 . Particles collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 are sent into the medium regeneration furnace 7 through the particle passage structure 19 by their own weight, and are burned in the medium regeneration furnace 7 .
  • the specific structure and shape of the particle passage structure 19 are not particularly limited as long as it has a particle passage through which particles can pass.
  • the particle passage structure 19 may extend from the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 into the interior of the pyrolysis furnace 6 . That is, particles collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 may pass through the particle passage structure 19 back into the pyrolysis furnace 6 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of a pyrolysis treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace.
  • the configuration and operation of this embodiment, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 5, so redundant description thereof will be omitted.
  • the pyrolysis type treatment system of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 includes the fluidized bed furnace 1 described with reference to FIG. ing.
  • the processing device 2 includes an oil recovery unit 16 that recovers cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas, and a chemical separation unit 60 that chemically removes impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit 16.
  • the physical separation unit 15 the solid-gas separator 18 and the cleaning dust collector 25 shown in FIG. 5 is not provided. Since the oil recovery section 16 and the chemical separation section 60 have the same configurations as the oil recovery section 16 and the chemical separation section 60 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, redundant description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of a pyrolysis treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace.
  • the configuration and operation of this embodiment, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, so redundant description thereof will be omitted.
  • the pyrolysis type treatment system includes the fluidized bed furnace 1 described with reference to FIG. ing.
  • the processing device 2 includes both the physical separation section 15 described with reference to FIG. 2 and the chemical separation section 60 described with reference to FIG. That is, the processing apparatus 2 includes a physical separation unit 15 for physically removing particles from the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing the waste plastic in the pyrolysis furnace 6, and a An oil recovery unit 16 recovering the cracked oil and a chemical separation unit 60 chemically removing impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit 16 are provided.
  • the chemical separation section 60 is arranged downstream of the physical separation section 15 .
  • the physical separation section 15 removes impurities such as particles from the pyrolysis gas and then the chemical separation section 60 removes impurities such as water-soluble powders, chlorine, etc. from the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas. .
  • a treatment device 2 with both a physical separation section 15 and a chemical separation section 60 can adequately remove particles, water-soluble substances, and impurities such as chlorine from the cracked oil. As a result, the amount of impurities contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.
  • the present invention can be used for a processing apparatus and a processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of organic matter such as waste plastics, biomass, and wastes. It can be used for processing equipment and processing methods for recovering cracked oil.

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Abstract

The present invention pertains to a processing apparatus and a processing method for recovering decomposition oil from a pyrolysis gas generated through thermal decomposition of organic matter such as waste plastic, biomass, and waste products. The present invention particularly pertains to a processing apparatus and a processing method for recovering high quality decomposition oil from a pyrolysis gas. The processing apparatus (2) is provided with a physical separation part (15) for physically removing particles from the pyrolysis gas, and an oil recovery part (16) for recovering a decomposition oil from the pyrolysis gas from which particles have been removed. The physical separation part (15) is provided with a rinsing and dust collection device (25) for removing particles from the pyrolysis gas by spraying a rinsing medium to the pyrolysis gas.

Description

熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理装置および処理方法Treatment equipment and treatment method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas

　本発明は、廃プラスチック、バイオマス、廃棄物等の有機物の熱分解により発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理装置および処理方法に関し、特に熱分解ガスから高品質の分解油を回収するための処理装置および処理方法に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a processing apparatus and a processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of organic matter such as waste plastics, biomass and waste, and particularly recovering high-quality cracked oil from pyrolysis gas. It relates to a processing apparatus and a processing method for processing.

　廃プラスチックにはＰＳ（ポリスチレン）、ＰＰ（ポリプロピレン）、ＰＥ（ポリエチレン）、ＰＶＣ（ポリ塩化ビニル）、ＰＥＴ（ポリエチレンテレフタレート）などが含まれていることがある。このような様々な樹脂成分を含む廃プラスチックを処理して再利用するマテリアルリサイクルおよびケミカルリサイクルの開発が進められている。特に、熱分解炉を使用して、廃プラスチックから油やガスなどを回収するケミカルリサイクルへの注目が高まっている。 Waste plastics may contain PS (polystyrene), PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), etc. Development of material recycling and chemical recycling for processing and reusing waste plastics containing such various resin components is underway. In particular, chemical recycling, which uses a pyrolysis furnace to recover oil, gas, and the like from waste plastics, is attracting increasing attention.

　ケミカルリサイクルの一例として、例えば流動床炉は、炉の内部が仕切壁で熱分解室と媒体再生室に分けられた構造を有している。流動媒体は熱分解室と媒体再生室との間を循環しながら、廃プラスチックは熱分解室に投入される。廃プラスチックは熱分解室内で流動媒体により加熱され、熱分解後、ガス化される。廃プラスチックの残渣は、流動媒体によって媒体再生室に運ばれる。廃プラスチックの残渣は媒体再生室内で燃焼して、流動媒体を加熱する。加熱された流動媒体は、熱分解室内に移動し、熱分解室内で熱源として機能する。このように流動媒体が炉内で循環する流動床炉は、内部循環流動床ガス化システムと呼ばれる。 As an example of chemical recycling, a fluidized bed furnace has a structure in which the interior of the furnace is divided into a thermal decomposition chamber and a medium regeneration chamber by a partition wall. While the fluid medium circulates between the pyrolysis chamber and the medium regeneration chamber, the waste plastic is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber. The waste plastic is heated by the fluid medium in the pyrolysis chamber and gasified after pyrolysis. Waste plastic residues are carried to the media reclamation chamber by the fluid media. Waste plastic residues are combusted in the media reclamation chamber to heat the flowing media. The heated fluid medium moves into the pyrolysis chamber and acts as a heat source within the pyrolysis chamber. A fluidized bed furnace in which the fluidized medium circulates in this way is called an internal circulation fluidized bed gasification system.

　廃プラスチックは熱分解により熱分解ガスを発生する。この熱分解ガス中に含まれるガス状の炭化水素を凝縮させることで、分解油を回収する。上述した内部循環流動床ガス化システムは、廃プラスチックを熱分解し、分解油および分解ガスを熱分解生成物として回収することができる技術として期待されている。 Waste plastic generates pyrolysis gas through thermal decomposition. Cracked oil is recovered by condensing the gaseous hydrocarbons contained in the pyrolysis gas. The internal circulation fluidized bed gasification system described above is expected as a technology capable of thermally decomposing waste plastics and recovering cracked oil and cracked gas as thermal decomposition products.

特表２０１８－５３７５５８号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-537558

　しかしながら、廃プラスチックの熱分解により回収された分解油には、石油精製・石油化学での使用に好ましくない不純物が混入することがある。例えば、熱分解に伴い副生する塩素、酸、固形物などが分解油に混入することがある。より具体的には、塩素は、廃プラスチック中のＰＶＣ由来のＨＣｌであり、酸は廃プラスチック中のＰＥＴおよびＰＶＣ可塑剤由来の昇華性の酸であり、固形物は熱分解時に生成される高分子重合物およびコーク残渣などである。 However, the cracked oil recovered from the thermal decomposition of waste plastics may contain impurities that are undesirable for use in petroleum refining and petrochemistry. For example, chlorine, acid, solid matter, and the like, which are by-produced during thermal decomposition, may be mixed into the cracked oil. More specifically, chlorine is HCl derived from PVC in waste plastics, acid is sublimable acid derived from PET and PVC plasticizers in waste plastics, and solids are high These include molecular polymers and coke residues.

　熱分解炉として流動床炉を用いた場合には、熱分解により生成される上記不純物に加え、流動床炉由来の固形物である、流動媒体（例えば珪砂微粉）、および触媒微粉が分解油に混入することもある。これらの不純物は、分解油の品質を低下させ、分解油の再利用を阻害する要因ともなる。 When a fluidized bed furnace is used as the pyrolysis furnace, in addition to the above-mentioned impurities generated by pyrolysis, the fluidized medium (for example, silica sand fines) and catalyst fines, which are solids derived from the fluidized bed furnace, and catalyst fines are added to the cracked oil. It may be mixed. These impurities deteriorate the quality of the cracked oil and become a factor that inhibits reuse of the cracked oil.

　そこで、本発明は、廃プラスチックなどの有機物の熱分解により発生した熱分解ガスから回収された分解油の品質を向上させることができる処理装置および処理方法を提供する。 Therefore, the present invention provides a processing apparatus and a processing method capable of improving the quality of cracked oil recovered from pyrolysis gas generated by thermal decomposition of organic matter such as waste plastics.

　一態様では、熱分解炉内で有機物を熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理装置であって、前記熱分解ガスから粒子を物理的に除去する物理的分離部と、前記粒子が除去された前記熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する油回収部を備え、前記物理的分離部は、前記熱分解ガスに洗浄媒体を噴霧することにより前記熱分解ガスから粒子を除去する洗浄集塵装置を備えている、処理装置が提供される。 In one aspect, a processing apparatus for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace, wherein the physical separation physically removes particles from the pyrolysis gas. and an oil recovery section for recovering cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the particles have been removed, wherein the physical separation section removes particles from the pyrolysis gas by spraying a cleaning medium onto the pyrolysis gas. A processing apparatus is provided that includes a scrubber that removes the

　一態様では、前記処理装置は、前記油回収部で回収された分解油を前記洗浄集塵装置に移送する油ポンプをさらに備えており、前記洗浄集塵装置は、前記油ポンプにより移送された前記分解油を前記洗浄媒体として前記熱分解ガスに噴霧するように構成されている。
　一態様では、前記洗浄集塵装置は、ベンチュリスクラバまたはサイクロンスクラバである。
　一態様では、前記物理的分離部は、前記洗浄集塵装置で回収された分解油を前記熱分解炉に送るための油通路構造体を備えている。
　一態様では、前記物理的分離部は、前記熱分解炉内で発生した前記熱分解ガスから粒子を分離させる固気分離装置をさらに備えている。
　一態様では、前記固気分離装置は、前記熱分解炉内に配置されている。
　一態様では、前記熱分解炉は、流動床炉の熱分解炉であり、前記流動床炉は、流動媒体が循環する前記熱分解炉と媒体再生炉を有し、前記物理的分離部は、前記熱分解ガスから除去した前記粒子を前記固気分離装置から前記媒体再生炉に送るための粒子通路構造体を備えている。
　一態様では、前記処理装置は、前記油回収部によって回収された前記分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離部をさらに備え、前記化学的分離部は、水を前記分解油に供給する水供給ラインと、前記分解油と前記水とを混合させて、前記分解油中の不純物を前記水に移動させる油水ミキサーと、前記油水ミキサーに連結され、前記分解油と前記水とを分離させる油水分離装置を有する。 In one aspect, the processing apparatus further includes an oil pump that transfers the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit to the cleaning dust collector, and the cleaning dust collector is transported by the oil pump. It is configured to spray the cracked oil as the cleaning medium onto the pyrolysis gas.
In one aspect, the cleaning dust collector is a venturi scrubber or a cyclone scrubber.
In one aspect, the physical separation unit includes an oil passage structure for sending cracked oil recovered by the scrubbing dust collector to the pyrolysis furnace.
In one aspect, the physical separation unit further comprises a solid-gas separator for separating particles from the pyrolysis gas generated within the pyrolysis furnace.
In one aspect, the solid-gas separator is located within the pyrolysis furnace.
In one aspect, the pyrolysis furnace is a pyrolysis furnace of a fluidized bed furnace, the fluidized bed furnace has the pyrolysis furnace and the medium regeneration furnace in which a fluidized medium circulates, and the physical separation unit comprises: A particle passage structure is provided for sending the particles removed from the pyrolysis gas from the solid-gas separator to the media regeneration furnace.
In one aspect, the processing equipment further includes a chemical separation unit that chemically removes impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit, and the chemical separation unit supplies water to the cracked oil. an oil-water mixer for mixing the cracked oil and the water to transfer impurities in the cracked oil to the water; and a water mixer connected to the oil-water mixer to separate the cracked oil and the water. It has an oil-water separator that allows

　一態様では、熱分解炉内で有機物を熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理装置であって、前記熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する油回収部と、前記分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離部を備え、前記化学的分離部は、水を前記分解油に供給する水供給ラインと、前記分解油と前記水とを混合させて、前記分解油中の不純物を前記水に移動させる油水ミキサーと、前記油水ミキサーに連結され、前記分解油と前記水とを分離させる油水分離装置を有する、処理装置が提供される。 In one aspect, a processing apparatus for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace, comprising: an oil recovery unit for recovering cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas; A chemical separation unit for chemically removing impurities from the cracked oil, wherein the chemical separation unit includes a water supply line that supplies water to the cracked oil, and mixes the cracked oil and the water, A treatment apparatus is provided comprising: an oil-water mixer for transferring impurities in the cracked oil to the water; and an oil-water separator coupled to the oil-water mixer for separating the cracked oil and the water.

　一態様では、熱分解炉内で有機物を熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理方法であって、前記熱分解ガスから粒子を物理的に除去する物理的分離を実行し、前記粒子が除去された前記熱分解ガスから分解油を油回収部により回収し、前記物理的分離は、前記熱分解ガスを洗浄集塵装置に導き、前記洗浄集塵装置内で前記熱分解ガスに洗浄媒体を噴霧することにより前記熱分解ガスから粒子を除去することを含む、処理方法が提供される。 In one aspect, a processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace, comprising physical separation for physically removing particles from the pyrolysis gas and recovering the cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the particles have been removed by an oil recovery unit, the physical separation is performed by guiding the pyrolysis gas to a scrubbing dust collector, in the scrubbing dust collector A treatment method is provided that includes removing particles from the pyrolysis gas by spraying the pyrolysis gas with a cleaning medium.

　一態様では、前記油回収部で回収された分解油は、前記洗浄集塵装置に移送され、前記洗浄集塵装置は、前記油回収部から移送された前記分解油を前記洗浄媒体として前記熱分解ガスに噴霧する。
　一態様では、前記洗浄集塵装置は、ベンチュリスクラバまたはサイクロンスクラバである。
　一態様では、前記物理的分離は、前記洗浄集塵装置で回収した分解油を前記熱分解炉に送る工程をさらに含む。
　一態様では、前記物理的分離は、前記熱分解炉内で発生した前記熱分解ガスから粒子を固気分離装置により分離させる工程をさらに含む。
　一態様では、前記固気分離装置は、前記熱分解炉内に配置されている。
　一態様では、前記熱分解炉は、流動床炉の熱分解炉であり、前記流動床炉は、流動媒体が循環する前記熱分解炉と媒体再生炉を有し、前記物理的分離は、前記固気分離装置により前記熱分解ガスから除去された前記粒子を前記媒体再生炉に送る工程をさらに含む。
　一態様では、前記処理方法は、前記油回収部によって回収された前記分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離をさらに含み、前記化学的分離は、水を前記分解油に供給し、前記分解油と前記水とを混合させて、前記分解油中の不純物を前記水に移動させ、その後、前記分解油と前記水とを分離させる工程を含む。 In one aspect, the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit is transferred to the cleaning and dust collector, and the cleaning and dust collector uses the cracked oil transferred from the oil recovery unit as the cleaning medium for the heat treatment. Spray into cracked gas.
In one aspect, the cleaning dust collector is a venturi scrubber or a cyclone scrubber.
In one aspect, the physical separation further includes the step of sending the cracked oil collected by the scrubber and dust collector to the pyrolysis furnace.
In one aspect, the physical separation further comprises separating particles from the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace by a solid-gas separator.
In one aspect, the solid-gas separator is located within the pyrolysis furnace.
In one aspect, the pyrolysis furnace is a pyrolysis furnace of a fluidized bed furnace, the fluidized bed furnace has the pyrolysis furnace and the medium regeneration furnace in which a fluidized medium circulates, and the physical separation is the The method further includes sending the particles removed from the pyrolysis gas by a solid-gas separator to the media regeneration furnace.
In one aspect, the treatment method further comprises chemical separation for chemically removing impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit, wherein the chemical separation supplies water to the cracked oil, A step of mixing the cracked oil and the water to transfer impurities in the cracked oil to the water, and then separating the cracked oil and the water.

　一態様では、熱分解炉内で有機物を熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理方法であって、前記熱分解ガスから分解油を回収し、前記分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離を実行し、前記化学的分離は、水を前記分解油に供給し、前記分解油と前記水とを混合させて、前記分解油中の不純物を前記水に移動させ、その後、前記分解油と前記水とを分離させる工程を含む、処理方法が提供される。 In one aspect, a processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace, wherein cracked oil is recovered from the pyrolysis gas, and cracked oil is recovered from the cracked oil. A chemical separation is performed to chemically remove impurities, the chemical separation supplying water to the cracked oil, mixing the cracked oil and the water, and removing the impurities in the cracked oil from the water. and then separating said cracked oil and said water.

　物理的分離部は、粒子を熱分解ガスから除去することができる。特に、固気分離装置と洗浄集塵装置を有する物理的分離部は、二段階で粒子を熱分解ガスから除去することができる。すなわち、固気分離装置は、粒径の比較的大きな粒子を熱分解ガスから除去し、次いで洗浄集塵装置は微粒子を熱分解ガスから除去することができる。結果として、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油に含まれる粒子の量を著しく低減できる。 The physical separation unit can remove particles from the pyrolysis gas. In particular, a physical separation unit comprising a solid-gas separator and a scrubber can remove particles from the pyrolysis gas in two stages. That is, the solid-gas separator can remove relatively large particles from the pyrolysis gas, and then the scrubber can remove fine particles from the pyrolysis gas. As a result, the amount of particles contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.

　水供給ラインと油水ミキサーと油水分離装置を有する化学的分離部は、水溶性物質、塩素などの不純物を分解油から水に移動させることで、不純物を分解油から除去することができる。結果として、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油に含まれる不純物の量を著しく低減できる。 The chemical separation unit, which has a water supply line, an oil-water mixer, and an oil-water separator, can remove impurities from the cracked oil by transferring impurities such as water-soluble substances and chlorine from the cracked oil to the water. As a result, the amount of impurities contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.

　さらに、物理的分離部と化学的分離部の両方を備えた処理装置は、粉体、水溶性物質、および塩素などの不純物を分解油から十分に除去することができる。結果として、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油に含まれる不純物の量を著しく低減できる。 In addition, processing equipment with both physical and chemical separations can adequately remove impurities such as powders, water-soluble substances, and chlorine from the cracked oil. As a result, the amount of impurities contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.

有機物を処理するための熱分解型処理システムの一実施形態を示す概略図である。1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a pyrolytic treatment system for treating organic matter; FIG. 有機物を処理するための熱分解型処理システムの他の実施形態を示す概略図である。1 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a pyrolytic treatment system for treating organic matter; FIG. 有機物を処理するための熱分解型処理システムのさらに他の実施形態を示す概略図である。1 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a pyrolytic treatment system for treating organic matter; FIG. 図１を参照して説明した物理的分離部と、図３を参照して説明した化学的分離部の両方を備えた処理装置の一実施形態を示す模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a processing apparatus that includes both the physical separation section described with reference to FIG. 1 and the chemical separation section described with reference to FIG. 流動床炉を利用した熱分解型処理システムの一実施形態を示す模式図である。1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a pyrolysis type processing system using a fluidized bed furnace; FIG. 流動床炉を利用した熱分解型処理システムの他の実施形態を示す模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of a pyrolysis type treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace; 流動床炉を利用した熱分解型処理システムのさらに他の実施形態を示す模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of a pyrolysis type treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace;

　以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。
　図１は、有機物を処理するための熱分解型処理システムの一実施形態を示す概略図である。以下に説明する実施形態において処理対象となる有機物は、ＰＶＣ（ポリ塩化ビニル）、ＰＥＴ（ポリエチレンテレフタレート）、ＰＳ（ポリスチレン）、ＰＰ（ポリプロピレン）、ＰＥ（ポリエチレン）のうちの少なくとも１つを含む廃プラスチックである。 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a pyrolytic treatment system for treating organic matter. Organic substances to be treated in the embodiments described below include waste containing at least one of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PS (polystyrene), PP (polypropylene), and PE (polyethylene). It's plastic.

　図１に示すように、熱分解型処理システムは、有機物の一例である廃プラスチックを熱分解する熱分解炉６と、熱分解炉６から排出された熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する処理装置２を備えている。熱分解炉６のタイプは特に限定されず、例えば後述する流動床式熱分解炉であってもよいし、あるいはキルン式熱分解炉であってもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1, the pyrolysis treatment system includes a pyrolysis furnace 6 that pyrolyzes waste plastic, which is an example of organic matter, and a treatment device that recovers cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 6. 2. The type of the pyrolysis furnace 6 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a fluidized-bed pyrolysis furnace, which will be described later, or a kiln-type pyrolysis furnace.

　処理装置２は、熱分解炉６内で廃プラスチックを熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから粒子を物理的に除去する物理的分離部１５と、粒子が除去された熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する油回収部１６を備えている。物理的分離部１５で除去される粒子の具体例としては、廃プラスチックの熱分解時に生成される高分子重合物およびコーク残渣、流動媒体（例えば珪砂微粉）、および触媒微粉などが挙げられる。 The processing apparatus 2 includes a physical separation unit 15 that physically removes particles from the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing the waste plastic in the pyrolysis furnace 6, and a cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the particles have been removed. is provided with an oil recovery unit 16 for recovering the Specific examples of the particles removed by the physical separation unit 15 include high molecular weight polymer and coke residue produced during thermal decomposition of waste plastics, fluid media (for example, silica sand fine powder), catalyst fine powder, and the like.

　物理的分離部１５は、熱分解炉６内で発生した熱分解ガスから粒子を除去する洗浄集塵装置２５を備えている。洗浄集塵装置２５は、熱分解炉６に連結され、熱分解炉６の下流に配置されている。本実施形態の洗浄集塵装置２５は、ベンチュリスクラバである。より具体的には、洗浄集塵装置２５は、熱分解炉６のガス出口に連結されたベンチュリ管２７と、ベンチュリ管２７内に油出口を有する洗浄媒体吐出ノズル２８と、ベンチュリ管２７に連結されたサイクロン回収器２９を備えている。洗浄媒体吐出ノズル２８には、熱分解ガスから既に回収された分解油が供給される。すなわち、洗浄媒体吐出ノズル２８は、油回収部１６に連結されており、油回収部１６によって既に回収された分解油が洗浄媒体として洗浄媒体吐出ノズル２８に供給されるようになっている。 The physical separation unit 15 is equipped with a cleaning dust collector 25 that removes particles from the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace 6. The cleaning dust collector 25 is connected to the pyrolysis furnace 6 and arranged downstream of the pyrolysis furnace 6 . The cleaning dust collector 25 of this embodiment is a venturi scrubber. More specifically, the cleaning dust collector 25 includes a venturi tube 27 connected to a gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace 6, a cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 having an oil outlet in the venturi tube 27, and a venturi tube 27. A cyclone collector 29 is provided. Cracked oil that has already been recovered from the pyrolysis gas is supplied to the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 . That is, the cleaning medium ejection nozzle 28 is connected to the oil recovery section 16 so that the decomposed oil already recovered by the oil recovery section 16 is supplied to the cleaning medium ejection nozzle 28 as the cleaning medium.

　油回収部１６は、熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する油スクラバ３５と、油スクラバ３５から排出された分解油を貯留する分解油貯留槽３８を備えている。分解油貯留槽３８内の分解油は、油ポンプ４０によって洗浄集塵装置２５に移送される。分解油貯留槽３８には油ポンプ４０が設置されており、分解油を洗浄媒体吐出ノズル２８に移送する。洗浄集塵装置２５は、油ポンプ４０により昇圧された分解油を、洗浄媒体吐出ノズル２８からベンチュリ管２７を流れる熱分解ガスに噴霧する。 The oil recovery unit 16 includes an oil scrubber 35 that recovers the cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas, and a cracked oil storage tank 38 that stores the cracked oil discharged from the oil scrubber 35 . The cracked oil in the cracked oil storage tank 38 is transferred to the cleaning dust collector 25 by the oil pump 40 . An oil pump 40 is installed in the cracked oil storage tank 38 to transfer the cracked oil to the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 . The cleaning dust collector 25 sprays cracked oil pressurized by the oil pump 40 onto the pyrolysis gas flowing through the venturi tube 27 from the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 .

　熱分解ガスがベンチュリ管２７を流れるときに、熱分解ガスの流速は上昇し、洗浄媒体吐出ノズル２８から噴霧された分解油はミスト状となって熱分解ガス中に広がる。ミスト状の分解油は熱分解ガス中に存在する粒子を捕捉し、これら粒子を熱分解ガスから除去する。洗浄集塵装置２５によって除去される粒子は、例えば直径が１μｍ以上の粒子である。 When the pyrolysis gas flows through the venturi tube 27, the flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas increases, and the cracked oil sprayed from the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 becomes mist and spreads in the pyrolysis gas. The cracking oil mist captures particles present in the pyrolysis gas and removes these particles from the pyrolysis gas. Particles removed by the cleaning dust collector 25 are particles having a diameter of 1 μm or more, for example.

　洗浄媒体吐出ノズル２８から噴霧された分解油は、微粒子を捕捉するのみならず、熱分解ガスを冷却し、噴霧した分解油が気化する一方で熱分解ガスの一部を凝縮させる。凝縮した分解油と、捕捉された粒子は、サイクロン回収器２９内で回収される。このように、本実施形態によれば、熱分解ガス中の粒子は、洗浄集塵装置２５によって除去され、結果として、後段の油スクラバ３５で回収される分解油の品質を向上させることができる。 The cracked oil sprayed from the cleaning medium discharge nozzle 28 not only traps fine particles, but also cools the pyrolysis gas, vaporizing the sprayed cracked oil and condensing a portion of the pyrolysis gas. Condensed cracked oil and trapped particles are collected in a cyclone collector 29 . Thus, according to this embodiment, the particles in the pyrolysis gas are removed by the cleaning dust collector 25, and as a result, the quality of the cracked oil recovered by the oil scrubber 35 in the subsequent stage can be improved. .

　本実施形態の洗浄集塵装置２５はベンチュリスクラバであるが、洗浄集塵装置２５が直径が１μｍ以上の微粒子を熱分解ガスから除去できる限りにおいて、洗浄集塵装置２５のタイプは特に限定されない。例えば、洗浄集塵装置２５はサイクロンスクラバであってもよい。 The cleaning dust collector 25 of this embodiment is a venturi scrubber, but the type of the cleaning dust collector 25 is not particularly limited as long as the cleaning dust collector 25 can remove fine particles with a diameter of 1 μm or more from the pyrolysis gas. For example, the cleaning dust collector 25 may be a cyclone scrubber.

　熱分解ガスは、洗浄集塵装置２５により、例えば４５０℃から３５０℃に冷却される。このとき、沸点が３５０℃よりも低い油成分はそのままガス状態を維持し、後段の油スクラバ３５に流れる。一方、沸点が３５０℃から４５０℃の範囲内にある油成分は、洗浄集塵装置２５によって冷却され、凝縮する。したがって、洗浄集塵装置２５で回収される分解油は、重油相当の油（すなわち重質油）である。上記運転温度は一例であり、分解油の噴霧量を変更することで冷却温度を変更し、回収される分解油の留分を調整してもよい。 The pyrolysis gas is cooled, for example, from 450°C to 350°C by the cleaning dust collector 25. At this time, oil components with a boiling point lower than 350° C. remain in a gaseous state and flow to the oil scrubber 35 in the subsequent stage. On the other hand, oil components with a boiling point within the range of 350° C. to 450° C. are cooled by the cleaning dust collector 25 and condensed. Therefore, the cracked oil recovered by the washing and dust collector 25 is oil equivalent to heavy oil (that is, heavy oil). The above operation temperature is an example, and the cooling temperature may be changed by changing the spray amount of the cracked oil to adjust the fraction of the cracked oil to be recovered.

　洗浄集塵装置２５の洗浄媒体は分解油に限定されるものではなく、例えば外部から購入した洗浄媒体を噴霧してもよい。洗浄媒体の具体例としては、外部から導入した軽油や高沸点の油（例えば沸点が４５０℃以上の潤滑油）、水が挙げられる。また、熱分解ガスを必ずしも冷却する必要はなく、例えば、熱分解ガスの温度で気化しない洗浄媒体を熱分解ガスの温度で噴霧することで、熱分解ガスを凝縮させることなく粒子を除去することができる。 The cleaning medium of the cleaning dust collector 25 is not limited to decomposition oil, and for example, a cleaning medium purchased from the outside may be sprayed. Specific examples of the cleaning medium include light oil introduced from the outside, oil with a high boiling point (for example, lubricating oil with a boiling point of 450° C. or higher), and water. In addition, it is not always necessary to cool the pyrolysis gas. For example, particles can be removed without condensing the pyrolysis gas by spraying a cleaning medium that does not vaporize at the temperature of the pyrolysis gas at the temperature of the pyrolysis gas. can be done.

　物理的分離部１５は、洗浄集塵装置２５で回収された分解油を熱分解炉６に送るための油通路構造体４３を備えている。この油通路構造体４３は、サイクロン回収器２９の底部に連結された重質油槽４５から熱分解炉６まで延びている。油通路構造体４３の具体的構造および形状は、分解油を通過させることができる油通路を有していれば、特に限定されない。回収された分解油には微粒子が含まれているので、これら微粒子を分解油から除去するための分離装置を油通路構造体４３に設けてもよい。 The physical separation unit 15 is equipped with an oil passage structure 43 for sending the cracked oil recovered by the washing and dust collector 25 to the pyrolysis furnace 6. This oil passage structure 43 extends from a heavy oil tank 45 connected to the bottom of the cyclone collector 29 to the pyrolysis furnace 6 . The specific structure and shape of the oil passage structure 43 are not particularly limited as long as it has an oil passage through which cracked oil can pass. Since the recovered cracked oil contains fine particles, the oil passage structure 43 may be provided with a separation device for removing these fine particles from the cracked oil.

　洗浄集塵装置２５の底部に集められた分解油（重質油）は、一旦重質油槽４５内に貯留され、さらに重質油槽４５から油通路構造体４３を通って熱分解炉６内に送られる。物理的分離部１５は、重質油槽４５内に溜まった分解油の液面を検出する液面センサ４６と、液面センサ４６から出力された液面位置に基づいて開閉する開閉弁４７を有している。開閉弁４７は、油通路構造体４３に取り付けられている。 The cracked oil (heavy oil) collected at the bottom of the washing and dust collector 25 is temporarily stored in the heavy oil tank 45, and further flows from the heavy oil tank 45 into the pyrolysis furnace 6 through the oil passage structure 43. Sent. The physical separation unit 15 has a liquid level sensor 46 that detects the liquid level of the cracked oil accumulated in the heavy oil tank 45, and an open/close valve 47 that opens and closes based on the liquid level position output from the liquid level sensor 46. are doing. The on-off valve 47 is attached to the oil passage structure 43 .

　開閉弁４７は、重質油槽４５内の分解油の液面位置が所定の位置よりも高いときに開くように構成されている。開閉弁４７は、電動弁、電磁弁などのアクチュエータ駆動型弁である。開閉弁４７が開いているとき、分解油は、重質油槽４５から油通路構造体４３を通って熱分解炉６内に送られる。熱分解炉６に戻された分解油（重質油）は、熱分解炉６内で再度熱分解される。熱分解された分解油の大部分はガス状態を維持して洗浄集塵装置２５を通過し、残りは再度凝縮されて分解油（重質油）を形成する。このようにして、廃プラスチックから生成された分解油のうち、重質油は洗浄集塵装置２５で回収されるので、油スクラバ３５では、重質油よりも沸点の低い油成分（軽油、灯油、ガソリンなど）が回収できる。 The on-off valve 47 is configured to open when the liquid level of the cracked oil in the heavy oil tank 45 is higher than a predetermined level. The on-off valve 47 is an actuator-driven valve such as an electric valve or an electromagnetic valve. When the on-off valve 47 is open, the cracked oil is sent from the heavy oil tank 45 through the oil passage structure 43 into the pyrolysis furnace 6 . The cracked oil (heavy oil) returned to the pyrolysis furnace 6 is pyrolyzed again in the pyrolysis furnace 6 . Most of the pyrolyzed cracked oil remains in a gaseous state and passes through the scrubber 25, and the rest is condensed again to form cracked oil (heavy oil). In this way, of the cracked oil generated from waste plastics, the heavy oil is recovered by the washing and dust collector 25, so that the oil scrubber 35 removes oil components (light oil, kerosene) having a lower boiling point than the heavy oil. , gasoline, etc.) can be recovered.

　油スクラバ３５は、洗浄集塵装置２５の下流に配置されている。油スクラバ３５は、洗浄集塵装置２５に連結されており、洗浄集塵装置２５によって粒子が除去された熱分解ガスは油スクラバ３５に導かれる。本実施形態では、油スクラバ３５は、洗浄集塵装置２５のサイクロン回収器２９の下流に連結されている。 The oil scrubber 35 is arranged downstream of the cleaning dust collector 25 . The oil scrubber 35 is connected to the cleaning dust collector 25 , and the pyrolysis gas from which particles have been removed by the cleaning dust collector 25 is guided to the oil scrubber 35 . In this embodiment, the oil scrubber 35 is connected downstream of the cyclone collector 29 of the cleaning dust collector 25 .

　油スクラバ３５は、熱分解ガスから既に回収された分解油を熱分解ガスに噴霧することで、熱分解ガスを冷却しつつ、熱分解ガス中のガス状の分解油（炭化水素）を凝縮させる。凝縮された分解油と、噴霧された分解油は、ともに油スクラバ３５から排出され、分解油貯留槽３８内に溜められる。使用される油スクラバ３５の具体的構成は特に限定されず、公知の油スクラバを使用することができる。例えば、気体の通路が内部に形成された塔と、通路を流れる気体に油を噴霧するスプレーノズルを備えた洗浄塔を油スクラバ３５として用いることができる。 The oil scrubber 35 sprays cracked oil already recovered from the cracked gas onto the cracked gas, thereby cooling the cracked gas and condensing gaseous cracked oil (hydrocarbons) in the cracked gas. . Both the condensed cracked oil and the sprayed cracked oil are discharged from the oil scrubber 35 and stored in the cracked oil storage tank 38 . A specific configuration of the oil scrubber 35 to be used is not particularly limited, and a known oil scrubber can be used. For example, the oil scrubber 35 can be a tower having a gas passage formed therein and a scrubbing tower having a spray nozzle for spraying oil onto the gas flowing through the passage.

　油スクラバ３５は、洗浄集塵装置２５によって冷却された熱分解ガスに、分解油を噴霧することによって熱分解ガスを更に冷却する。例えば、熱分解ガスは、洗浄集塵装置２５により４５０℃から３５０℃に冷却され、油スクラバ３５により３５０℃から１００℃にまで冷却される。したがって、油スクラバ３５では、沸点が３５０℃から１００℃の範囲内にある油成分が凝縮され、回収される。 The oil scrubber 35 further cools the pyrolysis gas cooled by the cleaning dust collector 25 by spraying cracked oil onto the pyrolysis gas. For example, the pyrolysis gas is cooled from 450° C. to 350° C. by the scrubber 25 and cooled from 350° C. to 100° C. by the oil scrubber 35 . Therefore, in the oil scrubber 35, oil components with boiling points within the range of 350° C. to 100° C. are condensed and recovered.

　油回収部１６は、油スクラバ３５の下流に配置された水スクラバ５０と、水スクラバ５０から排出された分解油と水との混合物から分解油を分離する油水分離器５１をさらに備えている。水スクラバ５０は、その内部を通過する熱分解ガスに水を噴霧し、熱分解ガスをさらに冷却する。本実施形態では、水スクラバ５０は、アルカリ水を熱分解ガスに噴霧する。熱分解ガスは、水（本実施形態ではアルカリ水）との接触によって冷却される。例えば、熱分解ガスは、水スクラバ５０により１００℃から４０℃にまで冷却される。したがって、水スクラバ５０では、沸点が１００℃から４０℃の範囲内にある油成分および水蒸気が凝縮され、回収される。 The oil recovery unit 16 further includes a water scrubber 50 arranged downstream of the oil scrubber 35 and an oil-water separator 51 that separates cracked oil from the mixture of cracked oil and water discharged from the water scrubber 50 . The water scrubber 50 sprays water onto the pyrolysis gas passing through it to further cool the pyrolysis gas. In this embodiment, the water scrubber 50 sprays alkaline water onto the pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is cooled by contact with water (alkaline water in this embodiment). For example, pyrolysis gases are cooled from 100° C. to 40° C. by water scrubber 50 . Therefore, the water scrubber 50 condenses and recovers oil components and water vapor having boiling points within the range of 100°C to 40°C.

　分解油と水との混合物は、水スクラバ５０から排出され、油水分離器５１に送られる。油水分離器５１は、分解油を水から分離するように構成されている。油水分離器５１の具体的構成は特に限定されないが、例えばコアレッサーや沈降分離槽を油水分離器５１に使用することができる。油水分離器５１により分離された分解油は分解油貯留槽３８に送られ、分解油貯留槽３８内に溜められる。 A mixture of cracked oil and water is discharged from the water scrubber 50 and sent to the oil-water separator 51 . The oil-water separator 51 is configured to separate cracked oil from water. Although the specific configuration of the oil-water separator 51 is not particularly limited, for example, a coalescer or a sedimentation tank can be used for the oil-water separator 51 . The cracked oil separated by the oil-water separator 51 is sent to the cracked oil storage tank 38 and stored in the cracked oil storage tank 38 .

　このように、本実施形態によれば、油スクラバ３５および水スクラバ５０によって熱分解ガスに含まれる分解油が回収されるので、分解油の全体の収率が向上する。使用される水スクラバ５０の具体的構成は特に限定されず、公知の水スクラバを使用することができる。例えば、気体の通路が内部に形成された塔と、通路を流れる気体に水を噴霧するスプレーノズルを備えた洗浄塔を水スクラバ５０として用いることができる。 Thus, according to the present embodiment, the oil scrubber 35 and the water scrubber 50 recover the cracked oil contained in the pyrolysis gas, thereby improving the overall cracked oil yield. A specific configuration of the water scrubber 50 to be used is not particularly limited, and a known water scrubber can be used. For example, the water scrubber 50 can be a tower with gas passages formed therein and a scrubbing tower equipped with spray nozzles for spraying water onto the gas flowing through the passages.

　上述した油スクラバ３５および水スクラバ５０は、熱分解ガス中のガス状の分解油（炭化水素）を凝縮させる凝縮器の一例である。凝縮器は、本実施形態のように多段の凝縮器であってもよく、あるいは単段の凝縮器であってもよい。また、凝縮器の冷却形態は直接冷却でもよく、あるいは間接冷却であってもよい。 The above-described oil scrubber 35 and water scrubber 50 are examples of condensers that condense gaseous cracked oil (hydrocarbons) in the pyrolysis gas. The condenser may be a multi-stage condenser as in this embodiment, or may be a single-stage condenser. Also, the cooling form of the condenser may be direct cooling or indirect cooling.

　次に、熱分解型処理システムの他の実施形態について、図２を参照して説明する。特に説明しない本実施形態の構成および動作は、図１を参照して説明した実施形態と同じであるので、その重複する説明を省略する。 Next, another embodiment of the pyrolysis type treatment system will be described with reference to FIG. The configuration and operation of this embodiment, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIG.

　物理的分離部１５は、熱分解炉６内で発生した熱分解ガスから粒子を分離させる固気分離装置１８と、粒子が分離された熱分解ガスに分解油を噴霧することにより熱分解ガスから粒子をさらに除去する洗浄集塵装置２５を備えている。洗浄集塵装置２５の構成は図１を参照して説明した実施形態の洗浄集塵装置２５と同じ構成を有する。固気分離装置１８は、放熱による温度低下を抑えるため熱分解炉６内に配置することが好ましいが、熱分解炉６の外部に配置してもよい。本実施形態では、固気分離装置１８は、遠心力により粒子を熱分解ガスから分離させるサイクロン型固気分離装置である。 The physical separation unit 15 includes a solid-gas separator 18 that separates particles from the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace 6, and a pyrolysis gas from which the particles are separated from the pyrolysis gas by spraying cracked oil onto the pyrolysis gas. A scrubbing dust collector 25 is provided to further remove particles. The washing and dust collecting device 25 has the same construction as the washing and dust collecting device 25 of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. The solid-gas separator 18 is preferably placed inside the pyrolysis furnace 6 in order to suppress temperature drop due to heat radiation, but may be placed outside the pyrolysis furnace 6 . In this embodiment, the solid-gas separator 18 is a cyclone-type solid-gas separator that separates particles from the pyrolysis gas by centrifugal force.

　熱分解炉６内での廃プラスチックの熱分解により発生した熱分解ガスは、上部入口１８ａから固気分離装置１８の内部に入り、固気分離装置１８内で旋回流を形成する。熱分解ガスに含まれる粒子は、遠心力により熱分解ガスから分離される。固気分離装置１８によって除去される粒子は、例えば直径が１０μｍ以上の粒子である。熱分解ガスから分離した粒子は、固気分離装置１８の底部に集められる。 The pyrolysis gas generated by thermal decomposition of the waste plastic in the pyrolysis furnace 6 enters the solid-gas separator 18 through the upper inlet 18a and forms a swirling flow within the solid-gas separator 18. Particles contained in the pyrolysis gas are separated from the pyrolysis gas by centrifugal force. Particles removed by the solid-gas separator 18 are, for example, particles with a diameter of 10 μm or more. Particles separated from the pyrolysis gas are collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 .

　物理的分離部１５は、熱分解ガスから除去した粒子を固気分離装置１８から熱分解炉６の外部に送るための粒子通路構造体１９を備えている。この粒子通路構造体１９は、固気分離装置１８の底部から熱分解炉６の外部まで延びている。固気分離装置１８の底部に集められた粒子は、その自重により粒子通路構造体１９を通って固気分離装置１８から排出される。粒子通路構造体１９の具体的構造および形状は、粒子を通過させることができる粒子通路を有していれば、特に限定されない。 The physical separation unit 15 has a particle passage structure 19 for sending particles removed from the pyrolysis gas from the solid-gas separator 18 to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace 6. This particle passage structure 19 extends from the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace 6 . The particles collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 are discharged from the solid-gas separator 18 through the particle passage structure 19 by their own weight. The specific structure and shape of the particle passage structure 19 are not particularly limited as long as it has a particle passage through which particles can pass.

　一実施形態では、粒子通路構造体１９は、固気分離装置１８の底部から熱分解炉６の内部に延びてもよい。すなわち、固気分離装置１８の底部に集められた粒子は、粒子通路構造体１９を通って熱分解炉６内に戻してもよい。 In one embodiment, the particle passage structure 19 may extend from the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 into the interior of the pyrolysis furnace 6 . That is, particles collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 may pass through the particle passage structure 19 back into the pyrolysis furnace 6 .

　洗浄集塵装置２５は、固気分離装置１８の下流に配置されている。洗浄集塵装置２５は、固気分離装置１８に連結されており、固気分離装置１８によって粒子が除去された熱分解ガスは、洗浄集塵装置２５に導かれる。より具体的には、洗浄集塵装置２５のベンチュリ管２７は、固気分離装置１８のガス出口に連結されている。特に説明しない洗浄集塵装置２５の構成および配置は、図１を参照して説明した実施形態と同じであるので、その重複する説明を省略する。 The cleaning dust collector 25 is arranged downstream of the solid-gas separator 18 . The scrubbing dust collector 25 is connected to the solid-gas separator 18 , and the pyrolysis gas from which particles have been removed by the solid-gas separator 18 is guided to the scrubbing dust collector 25 . More specifically, the venturi tube 27 of the cleaning dust collector 25 is connected to the gas outlet of the solid-gas separator 18 . The configuration and arrangement of the cleaning dust collector 25, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIG.

　本実施形態の洗浄集塵装置２５はベンチュリスクラバであるが、洗浄集塵装置２５が固気分離装置１８で除去される粒子よりもサイズの小さい粒子を熱分解ガスから除去できる限りにおいて、洗浄集塵装置２５のタイプは特に限定されない。例えば、洗浄集塵装置２５はサイクロンスクラバであってもよい。 The cleaning dust collector 25 of the present embodiment is a venturi scrubber. The type of dust device 25 is not particularly limited. For example, the cleaning dust collector 25 may be a cyclone scrubber.

　本実施形態によれば、熱分解ガス中の粒子は、固気分離装置１８と洗浄集塵装置２５によって二段階で除去される。すなわち、固気分離装置１８は、粒径の比較的大きな粒子を熱分解ガスから除去し、次いで洗浄集塵装置２５は微粒子を熱分解ガスから除去することができる。結果として、後段の油スクラバ３５で回収される分解油の品質を向上させることができる。特に、固気分離装置１８と洗浄集塵装置２５の両方を備えた物理的分離部１５は、熱分解ガス中の粒子濃度が高い場合に好適である。 According to this embodiment, the particles in the pyrolysis gas are removed in two stages by the solid-gas separator 18 and the cleaning dust collector 25. That is, the solid-gas separator 18 can remove relatively large particles from the pyrolysis gas, and then the cleaning dust collector 25 can remove fine particles from the pyrolysis gas. As a result, the quality of the cracked oil recovered by the oil scrubber 35 in the subsequent stage can be improved. In particular, the physical separation unit 15 having both the solid-gas separator 18 and the scrubbing dust collector 25 is suitable when the particle concentration in the pyrolysis gas is high.

　次に、熱分解型処理システムの他の実施形態について、図３を参照して説明する。特に説明しない本実施形態の構成および動作は、図１を参照して説明した実施形態と同じであるので、その重複する説明を省略する。 Next, another embodiment of the pyrolysis type treatment system will be described with reference to FIG. The configuration and operation of this embodiment, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIG.

　処理対象となる廃プラスチックは、ＰＶＣ（ポリ塩化ビニル）およびＰＥＴ（ポリエチレンテレフタレート）の両方を含むことがある。ＰＶＣは、熱分解炉６で熱分解されるときに、ＨＣｌ（塩化水素）を発生し、これが下流機器の腐食や、廃プラスチックから回収された分解油の品質を悪化させてしまう。ＰＥＴは、熱分解炉６で熱分解されるときに、安息香酸やテレフタル酸を発生する。これらの酸は、いずれも昇華性があり、下流側で堆積して、下流機器のファウリングおよび腐食、分解油への酸混入(結晶析出)による品質の悪化を引き起こす。 The waste plastic to be processed may contain both PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate). When PVC is thermally decomposed in the thermal cracking furnace 6, HCl (hydrogen chloride) is generated, which corrodes downstream equipment and deteriorates the quality of cracked oil recovered from waste plastics. PET generates benzoic acid and terephthalic acid when it is thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition furnace 6 . All of these acids sublimate and deposit downstream, causing fouling and corrosion of downstream equipment and deterioration of quality due to acid contamination (crystallization) in cracked oil.

　そこで、本実施形態では、ＰＶＣ由来のＨＣｌや、ＰＥＴ由来の昇華性の酸などの不純物を化学的に分解油から除去する。図３に示すように、熱分解炉６から排出された熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する処理装置２は、熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する油回収部１６と、油回収部１６によって回収された分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離部６０を備えている。本実施形態では、物理的分離部１５（固気分離装置１８および洗浄集塵装置２５）は設けられていない。油回収部１６は、図１に示す実施形態における油回収部１６と同じ構成を有しているので、その重複する説明を省略する。 Therefore, in this embodiment, impurities such as PVC-derived HCl and PET-derived sublimation acid are chemically removed from the decomposed oil. As shown in FIG. 3, the processing device 2 for recovering the cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 6 includes an oil recovery section 16 for recovering the cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas, and an oil recovery section 16 for recovering the cracked oil. A chemical separation section 60 is provided for chemically removing impurities from the cracked oil. In this embodiment, the physical separation unit 15 (the solid-gas separator 18 and the cleaning dust collector 25) is not provided. Since the oil recovery section 16 has the same configuration as the oil recovery section 16 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, redundant description thereof will be omitted.

　化学的分離部６０は、水を分解油に供給する水供給ライン６１と、分解油と水とを混合させて、分解油中の不純物を水に移動させる油水ミキサー６４と、油水ミキサー６４に連結され、分解油と水とを分離させる油水分離装置６６を有する。化学的分離部６０で除去される不純物の具体例としては、廃プラスチックの熱分解時に生成された、ＰＶＣ由来のＨＣｌ、ＰＥＴ由来の昇華性の酸の結晶などが挙げられる。水供給ライン６１から供給される水の具体例としては、蒸気凝縮水、純水、アルカリ水などが挙げられる。本実施形態では、水供給ライン６１から供給される水としてアルカリ水が使用されている。 The chemical separation unit 60 is connected to a water supply line 61 that supplies water to the cracked oil, an oil-water mixer 64 that mixes the cracked oil and water and transfers impurities in the cracked oil to the water, and the oil-water mixer 64 . and has an oil-water separator 66 for separating cracked oil and water. Specific examples of the impurities removed by the chemical separation unit 60 include PVC-derived HCl and PET-derived sublimation acid crystals generated during thermal decomposition of waste plastics. Specific examples of the water supplied from the water supply line 61 include steam condensed water, pure water, alkaline water, and the like. In this embodiment, alkaline water is used as the water supplied from the water supply line 61 .

　油水ミキサー６４は、油回収部１６の分解油貯留槽３８に連結されている。分解油貯留槽３８には油ポンプ４０が設置されており、分解油は分解油貯留槽３８から油水ミキサー６４に移送される。水供給ライン６１は、油水ミキサー６４の上流側に連結されており、水は水供給ライン６１を通って油水ミキサー６４に送られる。本実施形態では、水は、水スクラバ５０から排出されたアルカリ水である。すなわち、水供給ライン６１は、水スクラバ５０に連結された油水分離器５１に連結されており、油水分離器５１によって分解油から分離されたアルカリ水が水供給ライン６１を通って油水ミキサー６４に送られる。一実施形態では、水供給ライン６１は、図示しないアルカリ水供給源に連結されてもよい。他の実施形態では、水供給ライン６１は、図示しない純水供給源または蒸気凝縮水供給源に連結されてもよい。 The oil-water mixer 64 is connected to the cracked oil storage tank 38 of the oil recovery section 16 . An oil pump 40 is installed in the cracked oil storage tank 38 to transfer the cracked oil from the cracked oil storage tank 38 to the oil-water mixer 64 . The water supply line 61 is connected to the upstream side of the oil-water mixer 64 , and water is sent to the oil-water mixer 64 through the water supply line 61 . In this embodiment, the water is alkaline water discharged from the water scrubber 50 . That is, the water supply line 61 is connected to an oil-water separator 51 connected to the water scrubber 50 , and the alkaline water separated from the cracked oil by the oil-water separator 51 passes through the water supply line 61 to the oil-water mixer 64 . Sent. In one embodiment, the water supply line 61 may be connected to an alkaline water supply, not shown. In other embodiments, the water supply line 61 may be connected to a pure water supply or steam condensate supply, not shown.

　油回収部１６、より具体的には油スクラバ３５および水スクラバ５０によって回収された分解油は、油水ミキサー６４によってアルカリ水と混合される。分解油中に含まれる水溶性の粉体（例えば、ＰＥＴ由来の昇華性の酸の結晶）、およびＨＣｌは、アルカリ水側に移動し、アルカリ水内に溶存する。 The cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit 16 , more specifically by the oil scrubber 35 and the water scrubber 50 is mixed with alkaline water by the oil-water mixer 64 . Water-soluble powder (for example, PET-derived sublimable acid crystals) and HCl contained in the decomposed oil migrate to the alkaline water side and dissolve in the alkaline water.

　油水ミキサー６４から出た分解油およびアルカリ水の混合物は、油水分離装置６６に送られ、ここで分解油とアルカリ水（不純物含む）とが分離される。上述したように、分解油中に含まれる水溶性の粉体およびＨＣｌなどの不純物はアルカリ水内に溶存しているので、これらの不純物は、アルカリ水とともに、分解油から分離される。したがって、油水分離装置６６から取り出される分解油は、品質の高い油である。油水分離装置６６は、分解油とアルカリ水を分離できる構造を有していれば特に限定されないが、例えば、コアレッサーや沈降分離槽を油水分離装置６６に用いることができる。 A mixture of cracked oil and alkaline water output from the oil-water mixer 64 is sent to the oil-water separator 66, where the cracked oil and alkaline water (including impurities) are separated. As described above, impurities such as water-soluble powder and HCl contained in the cracked oil are dissolved in the alkaline water, so these impurities are separated from the cracked oil together with the alkaline water. Therefore, the cracked oil extracted from the oil-water separator 66 is high-quality oil. The oil-water separator 66 is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure capable of separating cracked oil and alkaline water.

　本実施形態によれば、水供給ライン６１と油水ミキサー６４と油水分離装置６６を有する化学的分離部６０は、水溶性物質、塩素などの不純物を分解油から水（本実施形態ではアルカリ水）に移動させることで、不純物を分解油から除去することができる。結果として、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油に含まれる不純物の量を著しく低減できる。 According to this embodiment, the chemical separation unit 60 having the water supply line 61, the oil-water mixer 64, and the oil-water separator 66 removes impurities such as water-soluble substances and chlorine from the decomposed oil into water (alkaline water in this embodiment). Impurities can be removed from the cracked oil by moving to As a result, the amount of impurities contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.

　上述したように、廃プラスチックに含まれるＰＶＣおよびＰＥＴは、熱分解されるとき塩素、昇華性の酸を発生し、回収された分解油の品質を低下させる。この問題を解消するために、熱分解炉６に投入される前の廃プラスチックに消石灰を投入してもよい。廃プラスチックと消石灰とを混ぜながら、廃プラスチックと消石灰を加熱することにより、ＰＶＣの脱塩処理およびＰＥＴの加水分解が行われる。すなわち、ＰＶＣを加熱することで、ＰＶＣに含まれる塩素はＨＣｌ（塩化水素）として熱的に分離する。発生したＨＣｌは消石灰によって乾式処理され、ＨＣｌ中の塩素はＣａ塩（ＣａＣｌ２）として消石灰に固定される。さらに、ＰＥＴを消石灰とともに加熱することで、テレフタル酸カルシウムが生成される。このテレフタル酸カルシウムは、熱分解炉６内で熱分解されるので、昇華性のある安息香酸およびテレフタル酸の生成が抑制され、分解油(特にベンゼン)の収率が向上される。 As described above, PVC and PET contained in waste plastics generate chlorine and sublimation acid when thermally decomposed, deteriorating the quality of recovered cracked oil. In order to solve this problem, slaked lime may be put into the waste plastic before being put into the pyrolysis furnace 6 . The PVC is desalted and the PET is hydrolyzed by heating the waste plastic and the slaked lime while mixing the waste plastic and the slaked lime. That is, by heating PVC, chlorine contained in PVC is thermally separated as HCl (hydrogen chloride). The generated HCl is dry treated with slaked lime, and chlorine in HCl is fixed to the slaked lime as Ca salt (CaCl 2 ). Furthermore, heating PET with slaked lime produces calcium terephthalate. Since this calcium terephthalate is thermally decomposed in the pyrolysis furnace 6, the production of sublimable benzoic acid and terephthalic acid is suppressed, and the yield of cracked oil (especially benzene) is improved.

　その一方で、消石灰を用いた処理に伴い、消石灰の微粉（Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２）や、副生成物であるＣａ塩（ＣａＣｌ２，ＣａＣＯ３）の粒子が、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油に混入することがある。また、消石灰に固定されなかったＰＶＣ由来のＨＣｌも分解油に混入することがある。さらに、ＰＶＣの可塑剤およびＰＥＴに含まれるエステル化合物の一部は、加水分解されずに昇華性のある安息香酸およびテレフタル酸を生成し、これら昇華性のある酸は、熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するときに粉体（結晶）として分解油に混入することがある。 On the other hand, along with the treatment using slaked lime, fine powder of slaked lime (Ca(OH) 2 ) and particles of Ca salts (CaCl 2 , CaCO 3 ), which are by-products, are recovered from the pyrolysis gas and decomposed. May be mixed with oil. In addition, PVC-derived HCl that is not fixed in the slaked lime may also be mixed into the cracked oil. In addition, some of the ester compounds contained in PVC plasticizers and PET are not hydrolyzed to produce sublimable benzoic acid and terephthalic acid, and these sublimable acids are converted from pyrolysis gas to cracked oil. may be mixed into the cracked oil as powder (crystals) when recovered.

　このような場合でも、図３に示す化学的分離部６０は、消石灰の微粉（Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２）や、Ｃａ塩（ＣａＣｌ２，ＣａＣＯ３）の粉体、ＰＶＣ由来のＨＣｌ、ＰＥＴ由来の昇華性のある酸からなる粉体を、水（例えばアルカリ水）と混合させることで、分解油から分離させることができる。結果として、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油の品質を向上することができる。 Even in such a case, the chemical separation unit 60 shown in FIG . The sublimable acid powder can be separated from the cracked oil by mixing it with water (eg, alkaline water). As a result, the quality of the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be improved.

　図４は、図２を参照して説明した物理的分離部１５と、図３を参照して説明した化学的分離部６０の両方を備えた処理装置２の一実施形態を示す模式図である。図４に示すように、化学的分離部６０は、物理的分離部１５の下流側に配置される。物理的分離部１５は、熱分解ガスから粒子などの不純物を除去し、その後、化学的分離部６０は、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油から水溶性粉体、塩素などの不純物を除去する。物理的分離部１５および化学的分離部６０の両方を備えた処理装置２は、粒子、水溶性物質、および塩素などの不純物を分解油から十分に除去することができる。結果として、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油に含まれる不純物の量を著しく低減できる。 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of processing apparatus 2 that includes both the physical separation section 15 described with reference to FIG. 2 and the chemical separation section 60 described with reference to FIG. . As shown in FIG. 4, the chemical separation section 60 is arranged downstream of the physical separation section 15 . The physical separation section 15 removes impurities such as particles from the pyrolysis gas and then the chemical separation section 60 removes impurities such as water-soluble powders, chlorine, etc. from the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas. . A treatment device 2 with both a physical separation section 15 and a chemical separation section 60 can adequately remove particles, water-soluble substances, and impurities such as chlorine from the cracked oil. As a result, the amount of impurities contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.

　一実施形態では、処理装置２は、図１を参照して説明した物理的分離部１５と、図３を参照して説明した化学的分離部６０を備えてもよい。 In one embodiment, the processing device 2 may comprise the physical separation section 15 described with reference to FIG. 1 and the chemical separation section 60 described with reference to FIG.

　図５は、流動床炉を利用した熱分解型処理システムの一実施形態を示す模式図である。特に説明しない本実施形態の構成および動作は、図２を参照して説明した実施形態と同じであるので、その重複する説明を省略する。 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of a pyrolysis treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace. The configuration and operation of the present embodiment, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 2, so redundant description thereof will be omitted.

　図５に示すように、熱分解型処理システムは、有機物の一例である廃プラスチックを熱分解し、さらに燃焼させる流動床炉１と、流動床炉１から排出された熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する処理装置２を備えている。流動床炉１は、廃プラスチックを熱分解し、炭化水素などの熱分解生成物を含む熱分解ガスを生成する熱分解炉６と、熱分解された廃プラスチックの残渣を燃焼する媒体再生炉７を備えている。図５に示す実施形態における熱分解炉６は、図１乃至図４に示す実施形態における熱分解炉６に相当する。 As shown in FIG. 5, the thermal decomposition treatment system includes a fluidized bed furnace 1 that thermally decomposes and burns waste plastic, which is an example of organic matter, and cracked oil from the thermal decomposition gas discharged from the fluidized bed furnace 1. A processing device 2 for collecting is provided. The fluidized bed furnace 1 includes a pyrolysis furnace 6 that pyrolyzes waste plastics to generate pyrolysis gas containing pyrolysis products such as hydrocarbons, and a medium regeneration furnace 7 that burns the residue of the pyrolyzed waste plastics. It has The pyrolysis furnace 6 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to the pyrolysis furnace 6 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4.

　熱分解炉６および媒体再生炉７は、１つの流動床炉１内に形成されている。すなわち、流動床炉１の内部は、仕切壁１０によって熱分解炉６と媒体再生炉７に仕切られている。流動床炉１の全体の形状は特に限定されないが、例えば円筒形または矩形を有している。熱分解炉６および媒体再生炉７内には、流動媒体（例えば珪砂）が収容されている。流動媒体を流動させるために、熱分解炉６および媒体再生炉７には流動化ガスＧが供給される。原料である廃プラスチックは、図示しない原料供給装置によって熱分解炉６内に供給される。 The pyrolysis furnace 6 and the medium regeneration furnace 7 are formed in one fluidized bed furnace 1. That is, the inside of the fluidized bed furnace 1 is partitioned into the pyrolysis furnace 6 and the medium regeneration furnace 7 by the partition wall 10 . Although the overall shape of the fluidized bed furnace 1 is not particularly limited, it has, for example, a cylindrical shape or a rectangular shape. Fluid media (for example, silica sand) are accommodated in the pyrolysis furnace 6 and the medium regeneration furnace 7 . A fluidizing gas G is supplied to the pyrolysis furnace 6 and the medium regeneration furnace 7 in order to fluidize the fluidized medium. Waste plastics, which are raw materials, are fed into the pyrolysis furnace 6 by a raw material feeder (not shown).

　流動媒体は熱分解炉６と媒体再生炉７との間を循環しながら、廃プラスチックは熱分解炉６に投入される。廃プラスチックは熱分解炉６内で流動媒体により加熱され、熱分解後、ガス化される。廃プラスチックの残渣は、流動媒体によって媒体再生炉７に運ばれる。廃プラスチックの残渣は媒体再生炉７内で燃焼して、流動媒体を加熱する。加熱された流動媒体は、熱分解炉６内に移動し、熱分解炉６内で熱源として機能する。このように流動媒体が炉内で循環する流動床炉１は、内部循環流動床ガス化システムと呼ばれる。 The waste plastic is put into the pyrolysis furnace 6 while the fluid medium circulates between the pyrolysis furnace 6 and the medium regeneration furnace 7 . The waste plastic is heated by the fluid medium in the pyrolysis furnace 6 and gasified after pyrolysis. The waste plastic residue is carried to the medium regeneration furnace 7 by the fluid medium. The waste plastic residue is burned in the medium regeneration furnace 7 to heat the fluid medium. The heated fluid medium moves into the pyrolysis furnace 6 and functions as a heat source within the pyrolysis furnace 6 . The fluidized bed furnace 1 in which the fluidized medium circulates in this way is called an internal circulation fluidized bed gasification system.

　処理装置２は、図２を参照して説明した物理的分離部１５と油回収部１６を備えている。すなわち、物理的分離部１５は、固気分離装置１８と洗浄集塵装置２５の両方を備えている。これは、流動床炉１を構成する熱分解炉６から排出された熱分解ガスは、高い濃度の粒子を含むからである。 The treatment device 2 includes the physical separation section 15 and the oil recovery section 16 described with reference to FIG. That is, the physical separation unit 15 includes both the solid-gas separator 18 and the scrubbing dust collector 25 . This is because the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 6 constituting the fluidized bed furnace 1 contains high concentrations of particles.

　物理的分離部１５は、熱分解ガスから除去した粒子を固気分離装置１８から流動床炉１の媒体再生炉７に送るための粒子通路構造体１９を備えている。この粒子通路構造体１９は、固気分離装置１８の底部から媒体再生炉７まで延びている。固気分離装置１８の底部に集められた粒子は、その自重により粒子通路構造体１９を通って媒体再生炉７内に送られ、媒体再生炉７内で燃焼される。粒子通路構造体１９の具体的構造および形状は、粒子を通過させることができる粒子通路を有していれば、特に限定されない。 The physical separation unit 15 has a particle passage structure 19 for sending particles removed from the pyrolysis gas from the solid-gas separator 18 to the medium regeneration furnace 7 of the fluidized bed furnace 1 . This particle passage structure 19 extends from the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 to the media regeneration furnace 7 . Particles collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 are sent into the medium regeneration furnace 7 through the particle passage structure 19 by their own weight, and are burned in the medium regeneration furnace 7 . The specific structure and shape of the particle passage structure 19 are not particularly limited as long as it has a particle passage through which particles can pass.

　一実施形態では、粒子通路構造体１９は、固気分離装置１８の底部から熱分解炉６の内部に延びてもよい。すなわち、固気分離装置１８の底部に集められた粒子は、粒子通路構造体１９を通って熱分解炉６内に戻してもよい。 In one embodiment, the particle passage structure 19 may extend from the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 into the interior of the pyrolysis furnace 6 . That is, particles collected at the bottom of the solid-gas separator 18 may pass through the particle passage structure 19 back into the pyrolysis furnace 6 .

　図６は、流動床炉を利用した熱分解型処理システムの他の実施形態を示す模式図である。特に説明しない本実施形態の構成および動作は、図５を参照して説明した実施形態と同じであるので、その重複する説明を省略する。図６に示す実施形態の熱分解型処理システムは、図５を参照して説明した流動床炉１と、流動床炉１から排出された熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する処理装置２を備えている。 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of a pyrolysis treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace. The configuration and operation of this embodiment, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 5, so redundant description thereof will be omitted. The pyrolysis type treatment system of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 includes the fluidized bed furnace 1 described with reference to FIG. ing.

　処理装置２は、熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する油回収部１６と、油回収部１６によって回収された分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離部６０を備えている。本実施形態では、図５に示す物理的分離部１５（固気分離装置１８および洗浄集塵装置２５）は設けられていない。油回収部１６および化学的分離部６０は、図３に示す実施形態における油回収部１６および化学的分離部６０と同じ構成を有しているので、その重複する説明を省略する。 The processing device 2 includes an oil recovery unit 16 that recovers cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas, and a chemical separation unit 60 that chemically removes impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit 16. In this embodiment, the physical separation unit 15 (the solid-gas separator 18 and the cleaning dust collector 25) shown in FIG. 5 is not provided. Since the oil recovery section 16 and the chemical separation section 60 have the same configurations as the oil recovery section 16 and the chemical separation section 60 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, redundant description thereof will be omitted.

　図７は、流動床炉を利用した熱分解型処理システムのさらに他の実施形態を示す模式図である。特に説明しない本実施形態の構成および動作は、図５および図６を参照して説明した実施形態と同じであるので、その重複する説明を省略する。図７に示すように、熱分解型処理システムは、図５を参照して説明した流動床炉１と、流動床炉１から排出された熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する処理装置２を備えている。 FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of a pyrolysis treatment system using a fluidized bed furnace. The configuration and operation of this embodiment, which are not specifically described, are the same as those of the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, so redundant description thereof will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 7, the pyrolysis type treatment system includes the fluidized bed furnace 1 described with reference to FIG. ing.

　処理装置２は、図２を参照して説明した物理的分離部１５と、図３を参照して説明した化学的分離部６０の両方を備えている。すなわち、処理装置２は、熱分解炉６内で廃プラスチックを熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから粒子を物理的に除去する物理的分離部１５と、粒子が除去された熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する油回収部１６と、油回収部１６によって回収された分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離部６０を備えている。 The processing device 2 includes both the physical separation section 15 described with reference to FIG. 2 and the chemical separation section 60 described with reference to FIG. That is, the processing apparatus 2 includes a physical separation unit 15 for physically removing particles from the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing the waste plastic in the pyrolysis furnace 6, and a An oil recovery unit 16 recovering the cracked oil and a chemical separation unit 60 chemically removing impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit 16 are provided.

　化学的分離部６０は、物理的分離部１５の下流側に配置される。物理的分離部１５は、熱分解ガスから粒子などの不純物を除去し、その後、化学的分離部６０は、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油から水溶性粉体、塩素などの不純物を除去する。物理的分離部１５および化学的分離部６０の両方を備えた処理装置２は、粒子、水溶性物質、および塩素などの不純物を分解油から十分に除去することができる。結果として、熱分解ガスから回収された分解油に含まれる不純物の量を著しく低減できる。 The chemical separation section 60 is arranged downstream of the physical separation section 15 . The physical separation section 15 removes impurities such as particles from the pyrolysis gas and then the chemical separation section 60 removes impurities such as water-soluble powders, chlorine, etc. from the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas. . A treatment device 2 with both a physical separation section 15 and a chemical separation section 60 can adequately remove particles, water-soluble substances, and impurities such as chlorine from the cracked oil. As a result, the amount of impurities contained in the cracked oil recovered from the pyrolysis gas can be significantly reduced.

　上述した実施形態は、本発明が属する技術分野における通常の知識を有する者が本発明を実施できることを目的として記載されたものである。上記実施形態の種々の変形例は、当業者であれば当然になしうることであり、本発明の技術的思想は他の実施形態にも適用しうる。したがって、本発明は、記載された実施形態に限定されることはなく、特許請求の範囲によって定義される技術的思想に従った最も広い範囲に解釈されるものである。 The above-described embodiments are described for the purpose of enabling those who have ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs to implement the present invention. Various modifications of the above embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art, and the technical idea of the present invention can be applied to other embodiments. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but is to be construed in its broadest scope in accordance with the technical spirit defined by the claims.

　本発明は、廃プラスチック、バイオマス、廃棄物等の有機物の熱分解により発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理装置および処理方法に利用可能であり、特に熱分解ガスから高品質の分解油を回収するための処理装置および処理方法に利用可能である。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a processing apparatus and a processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of organic matter such as waste plastics, biomass, and wastes. It can be used for processing equipment and processing methods for recovering cracked oil.

　１　　　流動床炉
　２　　　処理装置
　６　　　熱分解炉
　７　　　媒体再生炉
１０　　　仕切壁
１５　　　物理的分離部
１６　　　油回収部
１８　　　固気分離装置
１９　　　粒子通路構造体
２５　　　洗浄集塵装置
２７　　　ベンチュリ管
２８　　　洗浄媒体吐出ノズル
２９　　　サイクロン回収器
３５　　　油スクラバ
３８　　　分解油貯留槽
４０　　　油ポンプ
４３　　　油通路構造体
４５　　　重質油槽
４６　　　液面センサ
４７　　　開閉弁
５０　　　水スクラバ
５１　　　油水分離器
６０　　　化学的分離部
６１　　　水供給ライン
６４　　　油水ミキサー
６６　　　油水分離装置 Reference Signs List 1 Fluidized bed furnace 2 Treatment device 6 Pyrolysis furnace 7 Media regeneration furnace 10 Partition wall 15 Physical separation unit 16 Oil recovery unit 18 Solid-gas separation device 19 Particle passage structure 25 Cleaning dust collector 27 Venturi tube 28 Cleaning medium discharge nozzle 29 Cyclone collector 35 Oil scrubber 38 Cracked oil storage tank 40 Oil pump 43 Oil passage structure 45 Heavy oil tank 46 Liquid level sensor 47 On-off valve 50 Water scrubber 51 Oil-water separator 60 Chemical separator 61 Water supply line 64 Oil-water mixer 66 Oil-water separator

Claims (18)

　熱分解炉内で有機物を熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理装置であって、
　前記熱分解ガスから粒子を物理的に除去する物理的分離部と、
　前記粒子が除去された前記熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する油回収部を備え、
　前記物理的分離部は、前記熱分解ガスに洗浄媒体を噴霧することにより前記熱分解ガスから粒子を除去する洗浄集塵装置を備えている、処理装置。 A processing apparatus for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace,
a physical separator that physically removes particles from the pyrolysis gas;
An oil recovery unit that recovers cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the particles have been removed,
The processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the physical separation section comprises a scrubber that removes particles from the pyrolysis gas by spraying a scrubbing medium onto the pyrolysis gas. 　前記処理装置は、前記油回収部で回収された分解油を前記洗浄集塵装置に移送する油ポンプをさらに備えており、
　前記洗浄集塵装置は、前記油ポンプにより移送された前記分解油を前記洗浄媒体として前記熱分解ガスに噴霧するように構成されている、請求項１に記載の処理装置。 The processing device further comprises an oil pump for transferring the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit to the cleaning dust collector,
2. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said cleaning dust collector is configured to spray said cracked oil transferred by said oil pump as said cleaning medium onto said pyrolysis gas. 　前記洗浄集塵装置は、ベンチュリスクラバまたはサイクロンスクラバである、請求項１または２に記載の処理装置。 The processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cleaning dust collector is a venturi scrubber or a cyclone scrubber. 　前記物理的分離部は、前記洗浄集塵装置で回収された分解油を前記熱分解炉に送るための油通路構造体を備えている、請求項１乃至３のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。 4. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said physical separation unit comprises an oil passage structure for sending cracked oil recovered by said cleaning dust collector to said pyrolysis furnace. Device. 　前記物理的分離部は、前記熱分解炉内で発生した前記熱分解ガスから粒子を分離させる固気分離装置をさらに備えている、請求項１乃至４のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。 The processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said physical separation unit further comprises a solid-gas separation device for separating particles from said pyrolysis gas generated within said pyrolysis furnace. 　前記固気分離装置は、前記熱分解炉内に配置されている、請求項５に記載の処理装置。 The processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the solid-gas separation device is arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace. 　前記熱分解炉は、流動床炉の熱分解炉であり、
　前記流動床炉は、流動媒体が循環する前記熱分解炉と媒体再生炉を有し、
　前記物理的分離部は、前記熱分解ガスから除去した前記粒子を前記固気分離装置から前記媒体再生炉に送るための粒子通路構造体を備えている、請求項５または６に記載の処理装置。 The pyrolysis furnace is a pyrolysis furnace of a fluidized bed furnace,
The fluidized bed furnace has the pyrolysis furnace and the medium regeneration furnace in which a fluidized medium circulates,
7. The processing apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said physical separation section comprises a particle passage structure for sending said particles removed from said pyrolysis gas from said solid-gas separator to said medium regeneration furnace. . 　前記処理装置は、前記油回収部によって回収された前記分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離部をさらに備え、
　前記化学的分離部は、
　　水を前記分解油に供給する水供給ラインと、
　　前記分解油と前記水とを混合させて、前記分解油中の不純物を前記水に移動させる油水ミキサーと、
　　前記油水ミキサーに連結され、前記分解油と前記水とを分離させる油水分離装置を有する、請求項１乃至７のいずれか一項に記載の処理装置。 The processing equipment further comprises a chemical separation unit for chemically removing impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit,
The chemical separation unit is
a water supply line that supplies water to the cracked oil;
an oil-water mixer for mixing the cracked oil and the water to move impurities in the cracked oil to the water;
8. The processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising an oil-water separator connected to said oil-water mixer and separating said cracked oil and said water. 　熱分解炉内で有機物を熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理装置であって、
　前記熱分解ガスから分解油を回収する油回収部と、
　前記分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離部を備え、
　前記化学的分離部は、
　　水を前記分解油に供給する水供給ラインと、
　　前記分解油と前記水とを混合させて、前記分解油中の不純物を前記水に移動させる油水ミキサーと、
　　前記油水ミキサーに連結され、前記分解油と前記水とを分離させる油水分離装置を有する、処理装置。 A processing apparatus for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace,
an oil recovery unit for recovering cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas;
A chemical separation unit that chemically removes impurities from the cracked oil,
The chemical separation unit is
a water supply line that supplies water to the cracked oil;
an oil-water mixer for mixing the cracked oil and the water to move impurities in the cracked oil to the water;
A processing apparatus comprising an oil-water separator connected to the oil-water mixer for separating the cracked oil and the water. 　熱分解炉内で有機物を熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理方法であって、
　前記熱分解ガスから粒子を物理的に除去する物理的分離を実行し、
　前記粒子が除去された前記熱分解ガスから分解油を油回収部により回収し、
　前記物理的分離は、前記熱分解ガスを洗浄集塵装置に導き、前記洗浄集塵装置内で前記熱分解ガスに洗浄媒体を噴霧することにより前記熱分解ガスから粒子を除去することを含む、処理方法。 A processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace,
performing a physical separation to physically remove particles from the pyrolysis gas;
recovering cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas from which the particles have been removed by an oil recovery unit;
said physical separation comprising directing said pyrolysis gas to a scrubber and removing particles from said pyrolysis gas by spraying said pyrolysis gas with a scrubbing medium within said scrubber; Processing method. 　前記油回収部で回収された分解油は、前記洗浄集塵装置に移送され、
　前記洗浄集塵装置は、前記油回収部から移送された前記分解油を前記洗浄媒体として前記熱分解ガスに噴霧する、請求項１０に記載の処理方法。 The cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit is transferred to the cleaning dust collector,
11. The processing method according to claim 10, wherein the cleaning and dust collector sprays the cracked oil transferred from the oil recovery unit as the cleaning medium onto the pyrolysis gas. 　前記洗浄集塵装置は、ベンチュリスクラバまたはサイクロンスクラバである、請求項１０または１１に記載の処理方法。 The processing method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the cleaning dust collector is a venturi scrubber or a cyclone scrubber. 　前記物理的分離は、前記洗浄集塵装置で回収した分解油を前記熱分解炉に送る工程をさらに含む、請求項１０乃至１２のいずれか一項に記載の処理方法。 The processing method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the physical separation further includes a step of sending the cracked oil recovered by the washing and dust collector to the pyrolysis furnace. 　前記物理的分離は、前記熱分解炉内で発生した前記熱分解ガスから粒子を固気分離装置により分離させる工程をさらに含む、請求項１０乃至１３のいずれか一項に記載の処理方法。 14. The processing method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein said physical separation further includes a step of separating particles from said pyrolysis gas generated in said pyrolysis furnace by means of a solid-gas separator. 　前記固気分離装置は、前記熱分解炉内に配置されている、請求項１４に記載の処理方法。 The processing method according to claim 14, wherein the solid-gas separation device is arranged in the pyrolysis furnace. 　前記熱分解炉は、流動床炉の熱分解炉であり、
　前記流動床炉は、流動媒体が循環する前記熱分解炉と媒体再生炉を有し、
　前記物理的分離は、前記固気分離装置により前記熱分解ガスから除去された前記粒子を前記媒体再生炉に送る工程をさらに含む、請求項１４または１５に記載の処理方法。 The pyrolysis furnace is a pyrolysis furnace of a fluidized bed furnace,
The fluidized bed furnace has the pyrolysis furnace and the medium regeneration furnace in which a fluidized medium circulates,
16. The processing method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said physical separation further comprises sending said particles removed from said pyrolysis gas by said solid-gas separator to said media regeneration furnace. 　前記処理方法は、前記油回収部によって回収された前記分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離をさらに含み、
　前記化学的分離は、
　　水を前記分解油に供給し、
　　前記分解油と前記水とを混合させて、前記分解油中の不純物を前記水に移動させ、その後、
　　前記分解油と前記水とを分離させる工程を含む、請求項１０乃至１６のいずれか一項に記載の処理方法。 The treatment method further includes chemical separation to chemically remove impurities from the cracked oil recovered by the oil recovery unit,
The chemical separation is
supplying water to the cracked oil;
The cracked oil and the water are mixed to move impurities in the cracked oil to the water, and then
17. The processing method according to any one of claims 10 to 16, comprising a step of separating the cracked oil and the water. 　熱分解炉内で有機物を熱分解することにより発生した熱分解ガスから分解油を回収するための処理方法であって、
　前記熱分解ガスから分解油を回収し、
　前記分解油から不純物を化学的に除去する化学的分離を実行し、
　前記化学的分離は、
　　水を前記分解油に供給し、
　　前記分解油と前記水とを混合させて、前記分解油中の不純物を前記水に移動させ、その後、
　　前記分解油と前記水とを分離させる工程を含む、処理方法。

  A processing method for recovering cracked oil from pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing organic matter in a pyrolysis furnace,
Recovering cracked oil from the pyrolysis gas,
performing a chemical separation to chemically remove impurities from the cracked oil;
The chemical separation is
supplying water to the cracked oil;
The cracked oil and the water are mixed to move impurities in the cracked oil to the water, and then
A treatment method, comprising a step of separating the cracked oil and the water.
PCT/JP2022/014984 2021-08-05 2022-03-28 Processing apparatus and processing method for recovering decomposition oil from pyrolysis gas Ceased WO2023013163A1 (en)

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