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WO2023047073A1 - Système de communication ad-hoc pour transport intelligent à détection et transmission simultanées - Google Patents

Système de communication ad-hoc pour transport intelligent à détection et transmission simultanées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023047073A1
WO2023047073A1 PCT/GB2021/052454 GB2021052454W WO2023047073A1 WO 2023047073 A1 WO2023047073 A1 WO 2023047073A1 GB 2021052454 W GB2021052454 W GB 2021052454W WO 2023047073 A1 WO2023047073 A1 WO 2023047073A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
packet
transmission
vehicle
slot
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2021/052454
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Junwei ZANG
Mohammad SHIKH-BAHAEI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kings College London
Original Assignee
Kings College London
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kings College London filed Critical Kings College London
Priority to PCT/GB2021/052454 priority Critical patent/WO2023047073A1/fr
Publication of WO2023047073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023047073A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/46—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H04W74/0825—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/005—Moving wireless networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • DSRC short range communications
  • eV2X cellular near range enhanced V2X
  • NR enhanced V2X is described in 3GPP standard "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (e-utra)", references 36.300 and 36.321.
  • connected autonomous vehicles are designed to operate using 5G.
  • Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is supported in mode 3 and mode 4.
  • radio resources are allocated by road side units (RSUs) or base stations (gNBs).
  • RSUs road side units
  • gNBs base stations
  • connected autonomous vehicles select resources autonomously, without outside allocation or instruction, using a sensing based semi-persistent scheduling protocol (SB-SPS).
  • SB-SPS semi-persistent scheduling protocol
  • Mode 4 operation may be used where the vehicle is outside the coverage area of the base station or road side unit, or the connection quality is not sufficient to support the requested service.
  • SB-SPS semi-persistent scheduling protocol
  • Mode 4 operation may be used where the vehicle is outside the coverage area of the base station or road side unit, or the connection quality is not sufficient to support the requested service.
  • the present disclosure further seeks to provide an improved ad-hoc network which supports aperiodic data transmission when vehicles are not controlled or within connection range of a central control device, for example, a base-station.
  • Data relating to the safety of the vehicle may be transmitted in a different packet type according to a prioritisation of how critical the data is to the safety of the vehicle, such that: data which is the most critical to the safety of the vehicle is transmitted using a mini-slot packet; data which is a middle level of critical to the safety of the vehicle is transmitted using a fixed-slot packet; and data which is the least critical to the safety of the vehicle is transmitted using a multi-slot packet
  • a plurality of autonomous vehicles according to the above, the plurality of autonomous vehicles inter-communicating via their respective radio transceivers so as to form the broadcasting vehicular ad-hoc network.
  • the retransmission attempt limit may be set in dependence on an autonomous capability level at which the vehicle is operating. This enhances the delivery of packets in relation to the autonomous level of the vehicle
  • the vehicle may attempt to transmit the packet onto a second discrete channel. Vehicles which attempt to retransmit on a different channel are more likely to be able to transmit their message in a timely manner, as well as allowing other vehicles, which have a greater retransmission attempt limit, to transmit on the first channel.
  • the vehicle detects contention on the channel, the channel may be excluded from channels which may be used to transmit a packet in the future.
  • network resources may be allocated by a base station (140), such that different vehicles within the coverage area are allocated different network resources. This prevents vehicles attempting to transmit packets (150, 160,170) using the same network resource, and thus reduces channel contention and packet collisions.
  • the connected autonomous vehicle may abort transmission. This may provide an earlier resolution of the channel contention event compared to the full transmission of a packet, increasing spectral efficiency. It further allows the system to proceed with retransmission using the same, or different, spectral resources sooner than if the transmission was not aborted.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram displaying the transmissions from two vehicles in an ad-hoc network (600).
  • Transmitter 1 (610) represents one vehicle in a first location, whilst transmitter 2 (620) represents a second vehicle in a second location.
  • transmitter 1 (610) may transmit a packet over the network.
  • transmitter 2 (620) may transmit a packet over the network.
  • These transmissions may both be broadcast transmissions, with the aim of providing information to all surrounding vehicles which are located within detection range of the vehicle.
  • the reselection counter After each broadcast of a packet (BSM), the reselection counter decrements by one.
  • RC When the value of RC goes to zero, a CAV has to re-select new resources with probability (1 — Pres), where Pres e [0, 0.8] 2 (Pres is normally set to 0 [21], which is used for comparative calculations later in the description).
  • Pres Pres e [0, 0.8] 2
  • a connected autonomous vehicle must select and reserve a new resource before broadcasting the next packet, or basic safety message.
  • Sub-frames Ni in the selection window are excluded, if the connected autonomous vehicle used sub-frames Nj in the previous broadcast episode.
  • A 10Hz
  • A 20Hz
  • A 50Hz
  • the connected autonomous vehicle creates a new list L2, with a size equal to 20% of all identified resources from s700.
  • the vehicle selects resources which have the lowest average received signal power indicator (RSSI) from LI, and stores these candidate resources in L2.
  • RSSI received signal power indicator
  • the vehicle randomly selects resources from L2 for the next transmission episode, and sets up the reselection counter (s770).
  • the vehicle will transmit packets (basic safety messages) using the selected resource until the number of transmissions using that resource is the same as the reselection counter. The process will then begin again at step s700.
  • exclusion condition 2 excludes resources from list LI which were detected to be in collision during a previous transmission from the connected autonomous vehicle. This avoids the occurrence of a continuous repeated collision and is achieved through the provision of sustained sensing of resources during transmission.
  • Figure 15 displays an example of three different packet types: mini-slot packets (1502), fixed-slot packets (1504) and multi-slot packets (1506), which may be transmitted in three different ways (mini-slot transmission, fixed-slot transmission and multi-slot transmission).
  • signal 1604 may be a transmitted mini-slot packet plus interference signals and signal 1606 may be a noise signal that is present on the channel.
  • fixed-slot and multi-slot full-duplex sampling 1600 may perform a number of samples 1608 across the sensing duration 1602, within a certain frequency band/ sub-channel which may be equivalent to the sub-channel of fixed-slot or multi-slot transmission.
  • the sampling of the mini-slot transmission 1604 may be negligible when averaged across the sensing duration 1602, such that a signal similar to standard channel noise 1606 is detected. Further, detection accuracy may be degraded by the effects of the detected self-interference signal.
  • system of figure 16b is improved by weighting each sample according to a probability-based dynamic sensing system.
  • Semi-persistent systems use semi-persistent resource selection, scheduling and re-broadcast of packets.
  • available resources are determined and then reserved for the transmission of a number, N, of packets.
  • the resource is released and the system re-selects a new resource.
  • Resource selection is fixed, in that systems may select from set sub-channels/sub-frames, corresponding to time-frequency resources with fixed frequency and time allocations. As previously outlined, this negatively affects the latency, in that packets may only be transmitted at fixed times, as well as limiting the amount of data which may be included in a fixed size packet.
  • the semi-persistent system offers a low level of flexibility
  • the fixed-slot system may be combined with the mini-slot and multislot systems in a hybrid system.
  • This combines the benefits of dynamic and semi- persistent systems.
  • resources may be reserved for only a single packet.
  • the resources used to transmit are also dynamic, in that the time-frequency resource may change - different packets may be of different sizes, and are not restricted to fitting within set sub-frames/sub-channels - the system may select any time-frequency resource on which to transmit a packet. Further, after each broadcast, the resource may be released and a new resource selected when required.
  • Such a system provides numerous advantages over known systems, requiring an enhanced MAC layer design.
  • Simultaneous transmission and sense occurs whilst the transmitter is broadcasting 1704 a packet, in that the transmission device may sense 1706 the channel at the same time as transmission takes place. This allows the transmitter to determine whether the transmitted packet results in a channel contention event or collision. As described with relation to figure 16b, the sensing duration may be modified such that it is dependent on the packet type being transmitted, providing greater accuracy, particularly when transmitting short, mini-slot packets. This greatly improves the performance of the ad- hoc network.
  • Packets with a low communication priority may be transmitted using multi-slot transmission, using a larger packet size. For example, this may include raw camera data, data relating to gaming, video or high-definition map functionally. Data with a low communication priority may be considered less important than data of a higher communication priority, therefore latency is also less critical.
  • the larger packet size of multi-slot transmission increases spectral efficiency, however it increases the chances of a collision with packets transmitted by other vehicles. Packets with a low communication priority may also be more intensive - for example updating a high-definition map may require greater time-frequency resources than sending a safety critical notification. By using the larger packet sizes of multi-slot transmission, the data may be more efficiently transmitted to other connected autonomous vehicles.
  • short-term sensing is not used, but simultaneous sensing is used to update the list.
  • short-term sensing is not used.
  • This process creates an updated list LI at S1806, in which resources which were excluded in either step 1802 or 1804 have been removed.
  • the examples of figures 1-13 improved upon this by offering prioritisation according to the autonomous level of the vehicle, as depicted in figure 19b, such that vehicles with a higher SAE autonomous level were afforded a greater number of allowed retransmissions.
  • Figure 20 indicates an example scheduling mechanism for the ad-hoc aperiodic system for fixed-slot, mini-slot and multi-slot.
  • the connected autonomous vehicle will broadcast the packet in a different manner depending on the type of packet S2002. Where the packet is a fixed slot packet, the packet will be broadcast on the determined resource, and the connected autonomous vehicle will perform full-duplex simultaneous sensing during the transmission S2004. If the vehicle detects a collision during the broadcast, it will begin the respective fixed-slot rebroadcast procedure, described in figure 21. Where no collision is detected, the system will recognise the transmission as a successful broadcast S2008 and end the broadcast transmission S2010. For a fixed-slot system, the resource may be reserved for multiple packet transmissions, therefore following a successful transmission, the next fixed-slot packet may be transmitted using the same, previously selected, resource.
  • the packet is re-broadcast S2006. Simultaneous transmission and sensing takes place, such that the channel is sensed during this broadcast. If a collision is detected, the vehicle performs resource selection S2008, selecting a new resource on which to transmit the packet. If no collision is detected, the broadcast is considered successful S2004 and the vehicle may either select a new resource or may transmit a new packet using the same resource, if it has reserved the resource for further sub-frames.
  • a radio transceiver may be implemented to perform the above described method, and this radio transceiver included in a connected autonomous vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un réseau ad-hoc de véhicule de diffusion dans un système de transport intelligent comprend la fourniture d'un véhicule pouvant détecter des attributs du réseau même tout en transmettant des paquets sur ce réseau. De manière avantageuse, un système d'écoute pendant la transmission permet de détecter des collisions et une congestion de réseau même lorsqu'un véhicule est en cours de transmission. Sur la base de cette connaissance, le véhicule peut abandonner la transmission, modifier son processus de retransmission et permettre la priorisation de la retransmission entre de multiples véhicules en fonction de nombreux facteurs, y compris le niveau autonome de fonctionnement des différents véhicules dans le réseau. Le système peut en outre mettre en œuvre un système dans lequel à la fois des paquets périodiques et apériodiques sont transmis dans un réseau ad-hoc véhiculaire.
PCT/GB2021/052454 2021-09-21 2021-09-21 Système de communication ad-hoc pour transport intelligent à détection et transmission simultanées Ceased WO2023047073A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120188924A1 (en) * 2011-01-26 2012-07-26 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Method for controlling power in wireless ad-hoc network
US20160127108A1 (en) * 2014-10-31 2016-05-05 Broadcom Corporation In-band full-duplex operation
WO2020033089A1 (fr) * 2018-08-09 2020-02-13 Convida Wireless, Llc Diffusion, multidiffusion et monodiffusion sur liaison latérale pour ev2x 5g
US20200145799A1 (en) * 2018-11-01 2020-05-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Sidelink link adaptation feedback

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120188924A1 (en) * 2011-01-26 2012-07-26 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Method for controlling power in wireless ad-hoc network
US20160127108A1 (en) * 2014-10-31 2016-05-05 Broadcom Corporation In-band full-duplex operation
WO2020033089A1 (fr) * 2018-08-09 2020-02-13 Convida Wireless, Llc Diffusion, multidiffusion et monodiffusion sur liaison latérale pour ev2x 5g
US20200145799A1 (en) * 2018-11-01 2020-05-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Sidelink link adaptation feedback

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
M. H. C. GARCIA ET AL.: "A Tutorial on 5G NR V2X Communications", IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, vol. 23, no. 3, February 2021 (2021-02-01), pages 1972 - 2026, XP011873186, DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2021.3057017

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