WO2022264979A1 - 蓄冷材 - Google Patents
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- WO2022264979A1 WO2022264979A1 PCT/JP2022/023697 JP2022023697W WO2022264979A1 WO 2022264979 A1 WO2022264979 A1 WO 2022264979A1 JP 2022023697 W JP2022023697 W JP 2022023697W WO 2022264979 A1 WO2022264979 A1 WO 2022264979A1
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- cold storage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/066—Cooling mixtures; De-icing compositions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to cold storage materials.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a heat storage member that suppresses and extinguishes the combustion of latent heat storage material, a storage container, and a building using the same.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a cold storage material containing tetrahydrofuran and water, which is safe to use from the viewpoint of storage, storage, and transportation. Specifically, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a cold storage material with low flammability.
- the cold storage material according to the present disclosure is tetrahydrofuran, water, and halogenated hydrocarbons, contains
- the halogenated hydrocarbon contains a fluorine atom, Among the halogen atoms contained in the halogenated hydrocarbon, the number of fluorine atoms is the largest, The number of carbon atoms in the halogenated hydrocarbon is 3 or more and 8 or less, The weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon to the cold storage material is 15% or less, and the boiling point of the halogenated hydrocarbon is 60 degrees Celsius or less.
- the present disclosure provides a cold storage material containing tetrahydrofuran and water, which is safe to use from the viewpoint of storage, storage, and transportation. Specifically, the present disclosure provides cold storage materials with low flammability.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing characteristics of a cold storage material during cold storage.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the characteristics of the cold storage material during cooling.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the cooler box 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing characteristics of a cold storage material during cooling.
- the horizontal and vertical axes indicate time and temperature, respectively.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment is cooled. See section A included in FIG. Unlike the case of general liquids, as is well known in the technical field of cold storage materials, even if the temperature of the cold storage material reaches its melting point due to the cooling of the cold storage material, the cold storage material does not solidify. Cool down. See interval B included in FIG. In the supercooled state, the cold storage material is liquid.
- the cold storage material begins to crystallize spontaneously. As it crystallizes, the cold storage material releases heat of crystallization which is almost equal to latent heat. As a result, the temperature of the cold storage material begins to rise. See interval C included in FIG. In this specification, the temperature at which the cold storage material starts to spontaneously crystallize is referred to as "crystallization temperature”.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment becomes a semi-clathrate hydrate.
- the clathrate hydrate refers to a crystal formed by water molecules forming cage-like crystals by hydrogen bonding, and substances other than water being wrapped in the cage-like crystals.
- a semi-clathrate hydrate is a crystal formed by guest molecules participating in a hydrogen bond network of water molecules. The concentration at which water molecules and guest molecules form a hydrate in just the right amount is called the harmonic concentration. Generally, hydrates are often used near the harmonic concentration.
- ⁇ T in FIG. 1 represents the difference between the melting point and the crystallization temperature of the cold storage material. ⁇ T may also be referred to as the “degree of subcooling”. Crystallization of the cool storage material in a supercooled state turns the cool storage material into a semi-clathrate hydrate (see Patent Document 1, for example).
- the temperature of the cold storage material gradually decreases to become equal to the ambient temperature. See section D included in FIG. In FIG. 1, the cold storage material is cooled to a temperature lower than the crystallization temperature. However, the cold storage material may be maintained at a range of temperatures between the melting point and the crystallization temperature.
- the crystallization temperature is lower than the melting point of the cold storage material.
- the melting point of the cold storage material can be measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (which may also be referred to as "DSC”), as is well known in the cold storage material art.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing the characteristics of the cold storage material during heating.
- the horizontal and vertical axes indicate time and temperature, respectively.
- the temperature of the cold storage material is maintained below the melting point of the cold storage material.
- the temperature inside the cooler box is kept below the melting point of the cold storage material so that the temperature of the cold storage material placed inside the cooler box is maintained below the melting point of the cold storage material. is set.
- the temperature of the cold storage material may be maintained at a temperature equal to or lower than the crystallization temperature.
- the cold storage material is gradually warmed. See section F included in FIG.
- the lid of the cooler box is opened (or opened to contain food) at the end of section E (that is, the beginning of section F)
- the temperature inside the cooler box gradually increases.
- the temperature of the cold storage material When the temperature of the cold storage material reaches the melting point of the cold storage material, the temperature of the cold storage material is maintained near the melting point of the cold storage material. See section G included in FIG. In the unlikely event that there is no cold storage material, the temperature inside the cooler box rises continuously as shown in section Z included in FIG. On the other hand, when there is a cold storage material, the temperature inside the cooler box is maintained near the melting point of the cold storage material for a certain period of time in section G. In this way, the cold storage material exhibits a cold storage effect. At the end of section G, the crystals of the cold storage material melt and disappear. As a result, the cold storage material is liquefied.
- the cold storage material can be cooled and reused.
- condition (I) The cold storage material must have low flammability.
- condition (II) The cold storage material has a latent heat quantity exceeding 200 J/g.
- condition (I) is that, in view of the low flash point of tetrahydrofuran of about minus 20 degrees Celsius, the flammability of the cold storage material should be low in order to increase the safety of storage, storage, and transportation of the cold storage material. Because it is required.
- the reason for condition (II) is to increase competitiveness against other cold storage materials.
- the latent heat of n-tetradecane with a similar melting point is 175 J/g.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has a latent heat amount of 210 J/g or more. More preferably, the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has a latent heat amount of 213 J/g or more. More desirably, the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has a latent heat quantity of 220 J/g or more.
- the amount of latent heat is also called the amount of heat of fusion.
- “Kelvin” is used herein for the degree of supercooling ⁇ T.
- the degree of supercooling ⁇ T is n Kelvin or less.
- n is a real number.
- the description "degree of supercooling ⁇ T ⁇ 5 Kelvin” means that the difference between the crystallization temperature and the melting point of the cold storage material is 5 Kelvin or less.
- “Celsius” is used for temperature. For example, we write that "the crystallization temperature is 5 degrees Celsius (ie, 5°C)."
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment contains tetrahydrofuran, water, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
- Halogenated hydrocarbons contain fluorine atoms. If the halogenated hydrocarbon contains no fluorine atoms at all, the halogenated hydrocarbon contains chlorine, bromine, or iodine, and thus there are concerns about toxicity and toxicity to the human body and the environment.
- the number of fluorine atoms is the largest among the halogen atoms contained in halogenated hydrocarbons. If the number of chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, or iodine atoms is the largest among the halogen atoms contained in the halogenated hydrocarbon, there is concern about the toxicity and toxicity to humans and the environment.
- the number of carbon atoms in the halogenated hydrocarbon is 3 or more and 8 or less. In the unlikely event that the number of carbon atoms in the halogenated hydrocarbon is less than 3, the molecular weight of the halogenated hydrocarbon becomes small, so the vapor pressure of the halogenated hydrocarbon increases, and the halogenated hydrocarbon becomes a gas at room temperature. Become. In that case, the container for the heat storage material is required to have pressure resistance, so it is not appropriate to use a general-purpose resin container. If the number of carbon atoms in the halogenated hydrocarbon exceeds 8, the molecular weight of the halogenated hydrocarbon becomes large, so the vapor pressure becomes low and the nonflammable effect becomes small.
- the non-combustible effect is (i) a suffocating effect that dilutes oxygen by volatilizing the fluorine-based solvent, and (ii) the halogen element of the volatilized fluorine-based solvent interrupts the combustion cycle involving radical reaction (by trapping radicals). including negative catalytic effects. That is, when the number of carbon atoms in the halogenated hydrocarbon exceeds 8 and the molecular weight of the halogenated hydrocarbon increases, the two types of non-combustible effects, ie, the suffocation effect and the negative catalytic effect, become smaller.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon is contained in the cold storage material at a concentration of 15% by weight or less.
- the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon to the entire cold storage material is 15% or less.
- the term "weight ratio” means the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon to the cold storage material (that is, the entire cold storage material), unless otherwise specified. When the weight ratio exceeds 15%, the amount of latent heat tends to decrease. Also note that the price of halogenated hydrocarbons is much higher than that of tetrahydrofuran and water. From the viewpoint of the amount of latent heat and cost, the weight ratio is desirably 12.5% or less. More desirably, the weight ratio is 10% or less.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon is contained in the cold storage material at a concentration of 3% by weight or more.
- the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon to the entire cold storage material is 3% or more.
- the weight ratio is 3% or more, the effect of suppressing ignition obtained by adding the halogenated hydrocarbon is more likely to be obtained. More preferably, the weight ratio is 5% or more in order to enhance the effect of suppressing ignition.
- the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon is preferably 3% or more and 15% or less, more preferably 5% or more and 15% or less, and even more preferably 5% or more and 10% or less.
- the boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbons is 60 degrees Celsius or less. Desirably, the boiling point of the halogenated hydrocarbon is 54 degrees Celsius or less. More desirably, the boiling point of the halogenated hydrocarbon is 39 degrees Celsius or less. As an example, the boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbons is 0 degrees Celsius or higher. Desirably, the boiling point of the halogenated hydrocarbon is 33 degrees Celsius or higher.
- (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene has a boiling point of 33 degrees Celsius. As demonstrated in Examples 2A to 2D below, (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene is 2.5% by weight or more and 15% by weight % (specifically, a concentration of 2.97% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less) exhibits the effect of suppressing ignition.
- (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene is 4.5 At a concentration of 15% by weight or less (specifically, a concentration of 4.95% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less), the effect of suppressing ignition is greatly exhibited.
- 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane has a boiling point of 83 degrees Celsius.
- 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane does not sufficiently exhibit the effect of suppressing ignition at a concentration of 25% by weight.
- a high concentration of 30% by weight or more is required, as demonstrated in Comparative Examples 3 and 13 described later.
- a high concentration of halogenated hydrocarbons that is, a large weight ratio (for example, a weight ratio exceeding 20 weights) causes disadvantages in terms of latent heat quantity and cost.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon may be a halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon.
- halogenated hydrocarbons suitable for use in the cold storage material according to the first embodiment are listed below as items (1) to (3).
- 1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene for example, (E)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene and (Z)-1-chloro-2,3, 3-trifluoropropene mixture (boiling point of the mixture: 54 degrees Celsius)
- Z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene for use in the cold storage material according to the first embodiment.
- the cold storage material may contain two or more halogenated hydrocarbons as halogenated hydrocarbons.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon may be a mixture of two or more halogenated hydrocarbons.
- the cold storage material includes (E)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene and (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3- Mixtures of trifluoropropenes may be included.
- the mixture has a boiling point of 54 degrees Celsius.
- boiling point means the boiling point at 1 atmosphere (ie 101325 Pa) or 1 bar (ie 100000 Pa) as is commonly used. Boiling points are usually also listed in catalogs distributed by reagent suppliers.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has low flammability.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has low flammability in an environment where the ambient temperature is 10 degrees Celsius or higher and 130 degrees Celsius or lower. As a result, the cold storage material according to the first embodiment can be safely used in storage, storage and transportation.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has a melting point of -10 degrees Celsius or more and 10 degrees Celsius or less. Desirably, the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has a melting point of -5 degrees Celsius or more and 8 degrees Celsius or less. More preferably, the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has a melting point of 0 degrees Celsius or more and 6 degrees Celsius or less. As an example, the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has a melting point of 5 degrees Celsius.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment can have a crystallization temperature of -30 degrees Celsius or higher and -10 degrees Celsius or lower.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment may have a crystallization temperature of -25 degrees Celsius or more and -15 degrees Celsius or less.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment may have a crystallization temperature of minus 20 degrees Celsius.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment can be crystallized by being cooled to a low temperature of -20 degrees Celsius or less. Needless to say, after the cold storage material according to the first embodiment is crystallized, the cold storage material according to the first embodiment may be slightly warmed.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment is used for cold storage of a vaccine that needs to be maintained at an ambient temperature of 2 degrees Celsius or more and 8 degrees Celsius or less
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment The material is cooled to a low temperature of minus 20 degrees Celsius or less and crystallized, then the cold storage material according to the first embodiment is slightly warmed appropriately for ambient temperatures of 2 degrees Celsius or more and 8 degrees Celsius or less.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment is used to keep the vaccine cool while maintaining the temperature below its melting point.
- the molar ratio of tetrahydrofuran to water is not limited. As an example, the molar ratio is 4.5% or more and 7% or less. It is known that cold storage materials having a molar ratio of tetrahydrofuran to water of 1/17 form clathrate hydrate crystals when cooled with just enough water or tetrahydrofuran.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment may contain additives other than tetrahydrofuran, water, and the halogenated hydrocarbon.
- additives are supercooling inhibitors, thickeners, and preservatives.
- Examples of supercooling inhibitors are silver compounds.
- Examples of silver compounds used as supercooling inhibitors for the cold storage material according to the first embodiment are silver phosphate represented by the chemical formula Ag3PO4 , silver carbonate represented by the chemical formula Ag2CO3 , and the chemical formula At least one selected from the group consisting of silver oxide represented by AgO. Two or more silver compounds may be used.
- the molar ratio of the silver compound to water is 2.64 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 or more and 3.70 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 or less.
- the ratio of the mass of the silver compound to the sum of the masses of water, tetrahydrofuran, and halogenated hydrocarbon contained in the cold storage material according to the first embodiment is 0.5. 00050 or more and 0.020 or less.
- Examples include Examples 1A-2 to 1A-4, Examples 1B-2 to 1B-4, Examples 1C-2 to 1C-4, and Examples 2A-2 to 2A-4, which are described below.
- the ratio of the mass of the silver compound (0.02 g) to the sum of the masses of water, tetrahydrofuran, and halogenated hydrocarbon (2.00 g) is 0.010.
- the mass ratio of the silver compound is 0.0010.
- the mass ratio of the silver compound is 0.0010 or more and 0.010 or less.
- the crystallization temperature of the cold storage material according to the first embodiment is improved by the supercooling inhibitor.
- the crystallization temperature of the cold storage material according to the first embodiment containing no supercooling inhibitor is about -20 degrees Celsius.
- the crystallization temperature of the cold storage material according to the first embodiment that does not contain the supercooling inhibitor may be 0 degrees Celsius or more and 5 degrees Celsius or less.
- the crystallization temperature of the cold storage material according to the first embodiment that does not contain the supercooling inhibitor is 1 degree Celsius or more and 3 degrees Celsius or less.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment may not contain additives.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment may be composed of tetrahydrofuran, water, and the halogenated hydrocarbon.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment can be produced by mixing tetrahydrofuran, water, and the halogenated hydrocarbon.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the cooler box 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the cooler box 100 has a heat insulating box 101 and a heat insulating lid 102 consisting of a bottom (not shown) and sides.
- a cold storage material is provided in at least one interior selected from the group consisting of the inner bottom surface of the insulation box 101, the inner side surface of the insulation box 101, and the inner surface (i.e., the lower surface) of the insulation lid 102, according to the first embodiment.
- a cold storage material pack 110 containing the cold storage material according to the first embodiment is provided so as to be in contact with each of the four inner side surfaces of a heat insulating box 101 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment may be provided in at least one selected from the group consisting of the inside of the bottom of the heat insulating box 101, the inside of the side surface of the heat insulating box 101, and the inside of the heat insulating lid 102.
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment is the space inside the cooler box 100 (that is, the space formed by the inner bottom surface of the heat insulating box 101, the inner side surface of the heat insulating box 101, and the inner surface of the heat insulating lid 102). It may be enclosed so as to be placed inside in the form of a cold storage material pack 110 .
- the cold storage material according to the first embodiment may be provided in at least one interior selected from the group consisting of the side surface of the heat insulation box, the heat insulation lid of the heat insulation box, and the heat insulation box itself. Also in this case, the cold storage material according to the first embodiment may be provided in the form of the cold storage material pack 110 .
- the medicine 120 is placed inside the insulation box 101 .
- examples of pharmaceuticals are liquid pharmaceuticals.
- An example of a liquid pharmaceutical product is a vaccine. Since the cold storage material according to the first embodiment has low flammability, vaccines can be carried safely using the cooler box equipped with the cold storage material according to the first embodiment.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Example 1A-1 Manufacturing method of cold storage material
- the heat storage material composition (approximately 2 ml) according to Example 1A-1 was supplied to a container (obtained from PerkinElmer, trade name: 02192005). The container was incorporated into a differential scanning calorimeter (obtained from PerkinElmer, trade name: DSC-8500). The cold storage material contained inside the container is cooled from room temperature to minus 30 degrees Celsius at a rate of 0.5 degrees Celsius/minute, and then the cold storage material is left to stand at minus 30 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes. material was crystallized. Ambient temperatures ranged from 20 degrees Celsius to 26 degrees Celsius. During this time, the inventor observed that the cold storage material according to Example 1A-1 self-crystallized at minus 20 degrees Celsius.
- the crystallized cold storage material was heated from minus 30 degrees Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius at a rate of 1.0 degrees Celsius/minute. In this way, the crystallized cold storage material was melted.
- the temperature of the cold storage material according to Example 1A-1 placed in the constant temperature bath was recorded using a thermocouple and a data logger (manufactured by Keyence Corporation, trade name: NR-600).
- the melting point and latent heat of the cold storage material according to Example 1A-1 were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (trade name: DSC-8500).
- the melting point of the cold storage material according to Example 1A-1 was determined, and the latent heat of the cold storage material according to Example 1A-1 was determined. quantity was calculated. As a result, the melting point of the cold storage material according to Example 1A-1 was 5 degrees Celsius. The latent heat quantity of the cold storage material according to Example 1A-1 was 225 joules/gram.
- Example 1A-1 The entire amount of the cold storage material (about 2 ml) according to Example 1A-1 was measured using a seta closed flash point measuring device (manufactured by Tanaka Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., trade name: automatic flash point tester asc-8c, hereinafter simply “apparatus”. ) in a special metal cup.
- a platinum resistance thermometer (Pt100) was installed in the closed space that covered the special metal cup, and it was designed to detect the temperature rise when ignited by the ignition source. After the set temperature was reached and held for 1 minute, the inventor opened the lid of the apparatus slightly, brought the ignition source closer to the opening, and observed whether or not the cold storage material of Example 1A-1 ignited.
- the presence or absence of ignition was observed in order from the lowest temperature.
- the temperature inside the device was raised by 5 degrees Celsius and the presence or absence of ignition was observed.
- the temperature was lowered by 5 degrees Celsius and the presence or absence of ignition was observed. The above procedure was repeated to find the maximum temperature at which ignition did not occur.
- the flash point was examined while increasing the set temperature at intervals of 1.0°C from the maximum temperature at which no ignition occurred.
- Example 1A-1 placed in the closed space of the apparatus was held at 10 degrees Celsius for 1 minute, and the presence or absence of ignition was observed in the same manner as above. After that, the temperature of the closed space was increased by 1 degree Celsius and held for 1 minute after reaching each temperature, and then the presence or absence of ignition was observed. Observation for the presence or absence of ignition was repeated until ignition was observed or until the temperature inside the device (that is, the temperature in the closed space) reached 130 degrees Celsius without ignition being observed. The flammability test was repeated 20 times. In the flammability test of Example 1A-1, the number of times ignition was observed was 0.
- Example 1A-2 In Example 1A-2, the heat storage material composition (about 2 ml) according to Example 1A-1 was added with silver oxide (II) (chemical formula: AgO, trade name "Silver oxide (II) (obtained as "Silver (II) Oxide", 0.02 grams) was added to obtain a cold storage material according to Example 1A-2. An experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was conducted on the cold storage material according to Example 1A-2.
- silver oxide (II) chemical formula: AgO, trade name "Silver oxide (II) (obtained as "Silver (II) Oxide", 0.02 grams
- Example 1A-3 In Example 1A-3, instead of silver (II) oxide, silver phosphate (obtained from Mitsuwa Chemicals Co., Ltd. under the trade name "silver phosphate (I)", 0.02 g) was used. was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1A-2.
- silver phosphate obtained from Mitsuwa Chemicals Co., Ltd. under the trade name "silver phosphate (I)", 0.02 g
- Example 1A-4 In Example 1A-4, instead of silver (II) oxide, silver carbonate (obtained from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. under the trade name "silver carbonate", 0.02 g) was used. An experiment similar to 1A-2 was performed.
- Example 1A-5 was run similar to Example 1A-2 except that the weight of silver(II) oxide used was 0.002 grams.
- Example 1A-6 was run similar to Example 1A-3 except that the weight of silver phosphate used was 0.002 grams.
- Example 1A-7 was run similar to Example 1A-4 except that the weight of silver carbonate used was 0.002 grams.
- Example 1B-1 to 1D and Reference Example 1 In Example 1B-1, Example 1C-1, Example 1D, and Reference Example 1, as shown in Table 2A, the amount of halogenated hydrocarbon added to the cold storage material was different from that in Example 1A-1. An experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was performed, except that
- Example 1B-2 to Example 1B-4 In Examples 1B-2 to 1B-4, as shown in Table 2A, silver (II) oxide, silver phosphate, and silver carbonate (0.02 grams) were added to the cold storage material according to Example 1B-1, respectively. was added and an experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was performed.
- Example 1C-2 to Example 1C-4 In Examples 1C-2 through 1C-4, silver (II) oxide, silver phosphate, and silver carbonate (0.02 grams) were added to the regenerator material according to Example 1C-1, respectively, as shown in Table 2A. was added and an experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was performed.
- Example 2A-1 to 3D and Reference Examples 2 to 3 In Examples 2A-1, 2B-1, 2C-1, 2D, 3A-1, 3B-1, 3C-1, 3D, Reference Example 2, and Reference Example 3, as shown in Tables 2A and 3A, cold storage materials Experiments similar to those of Example 1A-1 and Reference Example 1 were conducted, except that the type and amount of the halogenated hydrocarbon added to were different from those of Example 1A-1 and Reference Example 1. rice field.
- Example 2A-2 to Example 2A-4 In Examples 2A-2 to 2A-4, silver (II) oxide, silver phosphate, and silver carbonate (0.02 grams) were added to the cold storage material according to Example 2A-1, respectively, as shown in Table 2A. was added and an experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was performed.
- Example 2B-2 to Example 2B-4 In Examples 2B-2 to 2B-4, as shown in Table 2A, silver (II) oxide, silver phosphate, and silver carbonate (0.02 grams) were added to the cold storage material according to Example 2B-1, respectively. was added and an experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was performed.
- Example 2C-2 to Example 2C-4 In Examples 2C-2 through 2C-4, silver (II) oxide, silver phosphate, and silver carbonate (0.02 grams) were added to the cold storage material according to Example 2C-1, respectively, as shown in Table 2A. was added and an experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was performed.
- Example 3A-2 to Example 3A-4 In Examples 3A-2 to 3A-4, silver (II) oxide, silver phosphate, and silver carbonate (0.02 grams) were added to the cold storage material according to Example 3A-1, respectively, as shown in Table 3A. was added and an experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was performed.
- Example 3B-2 to Example 3B-4 In Examples 3B-2 to 3B-4, as shown in Table 3A, silver (II) oxide, silver phosphate, and silver carbonate (0.02 grams) were added to the cold storage material according to Example 3B-1, respectively. was added and an experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was performed.
- Example 3C-2 to Example 3C-4 In Examples 3C-2 through 3C-4, silver (II) oxide, silver phosphate, and silver carbonate (0.02 grams) were added to the cold storage material according to Example 3C-1, respectively, as shown in Table 3A. was added and an experiment similar to that of Example 1A-1 was performed.
- Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 15 Comparative Examples 1 to 15, as shown in Tables 3A and 4, were different from the experiment of Example 1A-1, except that the halogenated hydrocarbon added to the cold storage material was different from that of Example 1A-1. A similar experiment was performed.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon was 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (chemical formula: cyclo-C 5 F 7 H 3 , Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. (purchased from the company under the trade name: Zeorora H) was used.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon was ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether (chemical formula: C 4 F 9 OC 2 H 5 , trade name: Novec 7200 purchased from 3M Japan Ltd.). ) was used.
- methyl nonafluorobutyl ether (chemical formula: C 4 F 9 OCH 3 , purchased from 3M Japan Ltd. as trade name: Novec 7100) was used as the halogenated hydrocarbon. .
- Tables 2A to 4 below show the amount of each component added and experimental results in Examples 1A-1 to 3D, Reference Examples 1 to 3, and Comparative Examples 1 to 15.
- the molar ratio Mt / Mw is the molar ratio of THF to water.
- the molar ratio M s /M w is the molar ratio of supercooling inhibitor to water.
- the mass ratio m s /m wth is the ratio of the mass of subcooled coolant to the sum of the masses of water, THF and halogenated hydrocarbon.
- Oiling point in Tables 2B, 3B, and 4 means the boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbons.
- the denominator means the number of repetitions of the flammability test in the temperature range of 10 degrees Celsius to 130 degrees Celsius. In each of Examples 1A-1 to 3D, Reference Examples 1 to 3, and Comparative Examples 1 to 15, the number of repetitions was 20. The numerator refers to the number of times ignition was observed in the flammability test.
- the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon is as low as 15% by weight or less. have quantity.
- the cold storage material with the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon of 15% by weight has a high latent heat of 213 J/g, but is highly flammable. (see Comparative Example 15).
- the flammability of the cold storage material with a halogenated hydrocarbon weight ratio of 20% by weight is low, but the latent heat value is reduced to 200 J/g because the halogenated hydrocarbon weight ratio is a large value of 20% by weight. (See Comparative Example 4).
- the cold storage material i.e., the cold storage material according to Comparative Example 15
- the cold storage material having a halogenated hydrocarbon weight ratio of 20% by weight that is, the cold storage material according to Comparative Example 4
- the boiling point of the halogenated hydrocarbon is a high temperature of 98 degrees Celsius, so the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon is 25% by weight.
- the material that is, the cold storage material according to Comparative Example 10
- the latent heat of the cold storage material is a low value of 188 J/g.
- the cold storage materials in which the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon is 30% by weight or more have low flammability, but the latent heat amount is a lower value of 175 J/g or less. be.
- the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon is 25% by weight of the cold storage material ( That is, the cold storage material according to Comparative Example 12) is highly flammable and has a low latent heat amount of 188 J/g.
- the flammability is low, but the latent heat amount is a lower value of 175 J/g or less. be.
- the weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon is 25% by weight of the cold storage material ( That is, the cold storage material according to Comparative Example 14) is highly flammable and has a low latent heat amount of 188 J/g.
- the flammability is low, but the latent heat amount is a lower value of 175 J/g or less. be.
- condition (A) contains tetrahydrofuran, water, and a halogenated hydrocarbon
- Condition (B1) the halogenated hydrocarbon contains a fluorine atom
- Condition (B2) that the number of fluorine atoms is the largest among the halogen atoms contained in the halogenated hydrocarbon
- Condition (B3) that the number of carbon atoms in the halogenated hydrocarbon is 3 or more and 8 or less
- Condition (C) The weight ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon to the cold storage material is 15% or less (preferably 3% or more), and Condition (D)
- the boiling point of the halogenated hydrocarbon is 60°C or less (preferably 54°C degree or less) must be satisfied.
- the silver carbonate used functions as a suitable supercooling inhibitor for regenerators containing water, tetrahydrofuran, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
- the crystallization temperature of the cold storage material is improved from a low temperature of minus 20 degrees Celsius to a high temperature of 1 degree Celsius or more and 2 degrees Celsius or less.
- the cold storage material according to the present disclosure can be used for storing, storing, or transporting objects that require freshness preservation, such as pharmaceuticals, biological tissues, cells, foods, and flowers.
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Abstract
Description
テトラヒドロフラン、
水、および
ハロゲン化炭化水素、
を含有し、
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素は、フッ素原子を含み、
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素に含まれるハロゲン原子の中では前記フッ素原子の個数が最も大きく、
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素の炭素数が3以上8以下であり、
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素の前記蓄冷材に対する重量比は15%以下であり、かつ
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素の沸点が摂氏60度以下である。
図1は、冷却時における蓄冷材の特性を示すグラフである。図1において、横軸および縦軸は、それぞれ、時間および温度を指し示す。
条件(I) 蓄冷材が、低い引火性を有すること。
条件(II) 蓄冷材が、200J/gを超える潜熱量を有すること。
(1) 1-クロロ-2,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン(一例として、(E)-1-クロロ-2,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンおよび(Z)-1-クロロ-2,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンの混合物(当該混合物の沸点:摂氏54度))
(2) (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロブタ-2-エン(沸点:摂氏33度)
(3) (Z)-1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン(沸点:摂氏39度)
(蓄冷材の製造方法)
まず、以下の表1に示される試薬が、9ミリリットルの容量を有するスクリュー管に添加され、混合物を得た。混合物はスクリュー管内で十分に撹拌され、実施例1A-1による蓄冷材を得た。スクリュー管は、ねじのついた蓋を有するガラス管であった。
(測定実験)
実施例1A-1による蓄熱材組成物(約2ミリリットル)を、容器(パーキンエルマー社より入手、商品名:02192005)に供給した。当該容器は、示差走査熱量計(パーキンエルマー社より入手、商品名:DSC-8500)に組み込まれた。容器の内部に含有される蓄冷材は、常温から摂氏マイナス30度まで摂氏0.5度/分の速度で冷却され、次に、蓄冷材は、摂氏マイナス30度で5分間静置され、蓄冷材を結晶化した。常温は、摂氏20度から摂氏26の範囲の温度であった。この間に、本発明者は、実施例1A-1による蓄冷材が、摂氏マイナス20度で自ら結晶化したことを観察した。
実施例1A-1による蓄冷材(約2ml)の全量を、セタ密閉式引火点測定装置(田中科学機器製作株式会社製、商品名:自動引火点試験機 asc-8c、以下、単に「装置」という)の専用金属カップに入れた。専用金属カップを覆う密閉空間内には白金測温抵抗体(Pt100)が取り付けられており、着火源により引火した際の温度上昇を検知できる仕組みになっていた。設定温度に達してから1分間保持した後に、本発明者は、装置の蓋を少しだけ開け、開口部に着火源を近付け、実施例1A-1による蓄冷材の引火の有無を観察した。摂氏10度から摂氏130度までの温度範囲において、低温から順に引火の有無を観察した。引火しない場合は、装置内部の温度を摂氏5度上げて引火の有無を観察した。引火した場合は、温度を摂氏5度下げて引火の有無を観察した。上記を繰り返し、引火しない最高温度を調べた。次に、引火しない最高温度から、設定温度を摂氏1.0度間隔で上げながら、引火点を調べた。
実施例1A-2では、実施例1A-1による蓄熱材組成物(約2ミリリットル)に、酸化銀(II)(化学式:AgO、富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社より商品名「酸化銀 (II)(Silver (II) Oxide)」として入手、0.02グラム)を添加し、実施例1A-2による蓄冷材を得た。実施例1A-2による蓄冷材について、実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例1A-3では、酸化銀(II)に代えて、リン酸銀(三津和化学薬品株式会社より商品名「りん酸銀(I)」として入手、0.02グラム)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1A-2と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例1A-4では、酸化銀(II)に代えて、炭酸銀(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社より商品名「炭酸銀」として入手、0.02グラム)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1A-2と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例1A-5では、用いられた酸化銀(II)の質量が0.002グラムであったこと以外は、実施例1A-2と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例1A-6では、用いられたリン酸銀の質量が0.002グラムであったこと以外は、実施例1A-3と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例1A-7では、用いられた炭酸銀の質量が0.002グラムであったこと以外は、実施例1A-4と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例1B-1、実施例1C-1、実施例1D、および参考例1では、表2Aに示す通り、蓄冷材に添加されたハロゲン化炭化水素の量が実施例1A-1のそれとは異なることを除き、実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例1B-2から実施例1B-4では、表2Aに示す通り、それぞれ、酸化銀(II)、リン酸銀、および炭酸銀(0.02グラム)が実施例1B-1による蓄冷材に添加され、かつ、実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例1C-2から実施例1C-4では、表2Aに示す通り、それぞれ、酸化銀(II)、リン酸銀、および炭酸銀(0.02グラム)が実施例1C-1による蓄冷材に添加され、かつ、実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例2A-1、2B-1、2C-1、2D、3A-1、3B-1、3C-1、3D、参考例2、参考例3では、表2A及び表3Aに示す通り、蓄冷材に添加されたハロゲン化炭化水素の種類およびその量が実施例1A-1および参考例1のそれらとは異なることを除き、実施例1A-1および参考例1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例2A-2から実施例2A-4では、表2Aに示す通り、それぞれ、酸化銀(II)、リン酸銀、および炭酸銀(0.02グラム)が実施例2A-1による蓄冷材に添加され、かつ実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例2B-2から実施例2B-4では、表2Aに示す通り、それぞれ、酸化銀(II)、リン酸銀、および炭酸銀(0.02グラム)が実施例2B-1による蓄冷材に添加され、かつ実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例2C-2から実施例2C-4では、表2Aに示す通り、それぞれ、酸化銀(II)、リン酸銀、および炭酸銀(0.02グラム)が実施例2C-1による蓄冷材に添加され、かつ実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例3A-2から実施例3A-4では、表3Aに示す通り、それぞれ、酸化銀(II)、リン酸銀、および炭酸銀(0.02グラム)が実施例3A-1による蓄冷材に添加され、かつ実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例3B-2から実施例3B-4では、表3Aに示す通り、それぞれ、酸化銀(II)、リン酸銀、および炭酸銀(0.02グラム)が実施例3B-1による蓄冷材に添加され、かつ実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
実施例3C-2から実施例3C-4では、表3Aに示す通り、それぞれ、酸化銀(II)、リン酸銀、および炭酸銀(0.02グラム)が実施例3C-1による蓄冷材に添加され、かつ実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
比較例1から比較例15では、表3A及び表4に示す通り、蓄冷材に添加されたハロゲン化炭化水素が実施例1A-1のそれとは異なることを除き、実施例1A-1の実験と同様の実験が行われた。
効果(I) 蓄冷材が、低い引火性を有すること、および
効果(II) 蓄冷材が、200J/gを超える潜熱量を有すること
を得るためには、以下の条件(A)から(D):
条件(A) テトラヒドロフラン、水、およびハロゲン化炭化水素を含有すること、
条件(B1) ハロゲン化炭化水素は、フッ素原子を含むこと、
条件(B2) ハロゲン化炭化水素に含まれるハロゲン原子の中ではフッ素原子の個数が最も大きいこと、
条件(B3) ハロゲン化炭化水素の炭素数が3以上8以下であること、
条件(C) ハロゲン化炭化水素の蓄冷材に対する重量比は15%以下(望ましくは3%以上)であること、および
条件(D) ハロゲン化炭化水素の沸点が摂氏60度以下(望ましくは摂氏54度以下)であること
が充足されることが必要とされる。
Claims (20)
- 蓄冷材であって、
テトラヒドロフラン、
水、および
ハロゲン化炭化水素、
を含有し、
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素は、フッ素原子を含み、
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素に含まれるハロゲン原子の中では前記フッ素原子の個数が最も大きく、
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素の炭素数が3以上8以下であり、
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素の前記蓄冷材に対する重量比は15%以下であり、かつ
前記ハロゲン化炭化水素の沸点が摂氏60度以下である
蓄冷材。 - 前記ハロゲン化炭化水素は、
1-クロロ-2,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン、および
(Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロブタ-2-エン、および
(Z)-1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つである、
請求項1に記載の蓄冷材。 - 前記1-クロロ-2,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンは、(E)-1-クロロ-2,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンおよび(Z)-1-クロロ-2,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンの混合物である、請求項2に記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記重量比は2.5%以上である、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記重量比は2.97%以上である、請求項4に記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記重量比は4.95%以上である、請求項5に記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記重量比は5%以上である、請求項6に記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記重量比は10%以下である、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記沸点は摂氏54度以下である、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記沸点は摂氏39度以下である、請求項9に記載の蓄冷材。
- 200J/gを超える潜熱量を有する、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の蓄冷材。
- 213J/g以上の潜熱量を有する、請求項11に記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記水に対する前記テトラヒドロフランのモル比が、4.5%以上7%以下である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の蓄冷材。
- 化学式Ag3PO4により表されるリン酸銀、化学式Ag2CO3により表される炭酸銀、および化学式AgOにより表される酸化銀からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの銀化合物をさらに含有する、請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記銀化合物が、前記リン酸銀である、
請求項14に記載の蓄冷材。 - 前記銀化合物が、前記炭酸銀である、
請求項14に記載の蓄冷材。 - 前記銀化合物が、前記酸化銀(II)である、
請求項14に記載の蓄冷材。 - 前記水に対する前記銀化合物のモル比が、2.64×10-6以上3.70×10-2以下である、
請求項14から17のいずれか1項に記載の蓄冷材。 - 前記水、前記テトラヒドロフラン、および前記ハロゲン化炭化水素の質量の合計に対する前記銀化合物の質量の比が、0.00050以上0.020以下である、
請求項14から18のいずれか1項に記載の蓄冷材。 - 前記水、前記テトラヒドロフラン、および前記ハロゲン化炭化水素の質量の合計に対する前記銀化合物の質量の比が、0.0010以上0.010以下である、
請求項19に記載の蓄冷材。
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| CN202280042633.1A CN117500897A (zh) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-06-13 | 蓄冷材料 |
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| CN117720885A (zh) * | 2023-07-28 | 2024-03-19 | 杭州净碳科技有限公司 | 一种四氢呋喃水合物相变材料及其制备方法与应用 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023181458A (ja) * | 2021-06-14 | 2023-12-21 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 蓄冷材 |
| CN117720885A (zh) * | 2023-07-28 | 2024-03-19 | 杭州净碳科技有限公司 | 一种四氢呋喃水合物相变材料及其制备方法与应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP4357436A1 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
| US20240218229A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 |
| JPWO2022264979A1 (ja) | 2022-12-22 |
| CN117500897A (zh) | 2024-02-02 |
| EP4357436A4 (en) | 2024-10-09 |
| JP7379758B2 (ja) | 2023-11-14 |
| JP2023181458A (ja) | 2023-12-21 |
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