WO2022112061A1 - Feldfacettensystem und lithographieanlage - Google Patents
Feldfacettensystem und lithographieanlage Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022112061A1 WO2022112061A1 PCT/EP2021/081866 EP2021081866W WO2022112061A1 WO 2022112061 A1 WO2022112061 A1 WO 2022112061A1 EP 2021081866 W EP2021081866 W EP 2021081866W WO 2022112061 A1 WO2022112061 A1 WO 2022112061A1
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- Prior art keywords
- facet
- section
- field facet
- mirror
- field
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70075—Homogenization of illumination intensity in the mask plane by using an integrator, e.g. fly's eye lens, facet mirror or glass rod, by using a diffusing optical element or by beam deflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0836—Catadioptric systems using more than three curved mirrors
- G02B17/0848—Catadioptric systems using more than three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0825—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a flexible sheet or membrane, e.g. for varying the focus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70091—Illumination settings, i.e. intensity distribution in the pupil plane or angular distribution in the field plane; On-axis or off-axis settings, e.g. annular, dipole or quadrupole settings; Partial coherence control, i.e. sigma or numerical aperture [NA]
- G03F7/70116—Off-axis setting using a programmable means, e.g. liquid crystal display [LCD], digital micromirror device [DMD] or pupil facets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/7015—Details of optical elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a field facet system for a lithography system and a lithography system with such a field facet system.
- Microlithography is used to produce microstructured components such as integrated circuits.
- the microlithography process is carried out using a lithography system which has a lighting system and a projection system.
- the image of a mask (reticle) illuminated by means of the illumination system is projected by means of the projection system onto a substrate coated with a light-sensitive layer (photoresist) and arranged in the image plane of the projection system, for example a silicon wafer, in order to project the mask structure onto the light-sensitive coating of the to transfer substrate.
- a mask reticle
- photoresist light-sensitive layer
- EUV lithography systems (Engl .: Extreme Ultraviolet, EUV) are currently being developed, which light with a wavelength in the range from 0.1 nm to 30 nm, in particular 13.5 nm, use.
- EUV lithography systems must because of the high absorption of most Ma materials of light of this wavelength reflecting optics, ie mirrors, instead of - as before - refracting optics, ie lenses, are used. These mirrors work either in almost vertical incidence or in grazing incidence (English: Grazing Incidence).
- the illumination system includes a field facet mirror and a pupil facet mirror.
- the field facet mirror and the pupil facet mirror can be designed as so-called facet mirrors, such facet mirrors often having several hundred facets each.
- the facets of the field facet mirror are also referred to as "field facets” and the facets of the pupil facet mirror are referred to as "pupil facets”.
- Several pupil facets can be assigned to one field facet. In order to obtain good illumination with a high numerical aperture, it is desirable for one field facet to be switchable between the pupil facets assigned to it.
- the distance between the one field facet and the pupil facet assigned to it is different for each switching position.
- the image on the corresponding pupil facet can be defocused, depending on the switching position.
- This defocusing leads to a limitation in reducing the degree of filling of the pupil.
- the “degree of pupil filling” is to be understood as meaning the ratio of an irradiated area relative to an overall optically effective area of the respective pupil facet.
- DE 10 2017 221 420 A1 describes an EUV lighting system for an EUV lithography system, a lithography system and a method for generating a lighting radiation with an EUV lighting system.
- DE 10 2013 206 981 A1 shows a facet mirror for a projection exposure system and a corresponding projection exposure system Process for operating the facet mirror or the projection exposure system.
- DE 101 51 919 A describes an optical element with an optical axis and a device for introducing a two-wave or multi-wave deformation into this optical element.
- an object of the present invention is to propose an improved field facet system.
- the field facet system comprises an optical element, the optical element comprising an elastically deformable facet section with a light-reflecting optically effective surface, and at least one actuating element for introducing a bending moment into the facet section in order to to deform the facet section in such a way that a radius of curvature of the optically effective surface changes, the facet section being arcuately curved in a plan view of the optically effective surface, and the stiffness of the facet section viewed along a longitudinal direction of the facet section in such a way it is variable that a normal vector oriented perpendicularly to the optically effective surface tilts exclusively about one spatial direction when the bending moment is introduced into the facet section.
- the facet section does not twist when the bending moment is introduced, but only bends.
- the field facet system is in particular part of a beam shaping and illumination system of the lithography system.
- the field facet system is part of a facet mirror, in particular a field facet mirror.
- a such a facet mirror preferably comprises a multiplicity of such field facet systems which are arranged in cells or in a pattern.
- Each field facet system can be tilted into several different tilt positions.
- each field facet system can have a further adjusting element that is suitable for tilting the entire field facet system as a unit. This latter control element can be a so-called Lorentz actuator.
- the optical element is preferably a facet, mirror facet or field facet or can be referred to as such.
- the faceted section is in particular rod-shaped or bar-shaped and can have a right-cornered, trapezoidal or any other geometry in cross section.
- the faceted section has, for example, a width, a length and a thickness.
- the length to width ratio is preferably about 10:1.
- the thickness is preferably less than the width.
- a coordinate system with a first spatial direction or c-direction, a second spatial direction or y-direction and a third spatial direction or z-direction is assigned to the field facet system.
- the spatial directions are positioned perpendicular to each other.
- the width is oriented along the c-direction. Therefore, the c-direction can also be referred to as the width direction.
- the length is oriented along the y-direction. Therefore, the y-direction can also be referred to as the longitudinal direction or longitudinal direction.
- the strength is oriented along the z-direction. The z-direction can therefore also be referred to as the strength direction or vertical direction.
- the “length direction” is to be understood in particular as meaning that spatial direction in which the optical element has its greatest geometric extent.
- the optical element is made of a mirror substrate or substrate.
- the substrate can in particular copper, in particular a copper alloy, a Iron-nickel alloy such as in Invar, or other suitable material.
- the optically effective surface is provided on the front side of the facet section, ie facing away from the base body.
- the optically effective surface can be a mirror surface.
- the optically effective surface can be produced using a coating applied to the substrate.
- the optically effective surface is suitable for reflecting light, in particular EUV radiation. However, this does not preclude that at least part of the light is absorbed by the facet section, as a result of which heat is introduced into it.
- the facet section or the optically effective surface has a curved or crescent-shaped geometry when viewed from above, that is to say in a viewing direction perpendicular to the optically effective surface.
- the optically effective surface is preferably curved.
- the optically effective surface is curved in a cylindrical shape.
- the shape of the optically effective surface can also be a torus or an elliptical shape. If a toroidal geometry is provided, it has an apex.
- the optically effective surface preferably includes a first radius of curvature, which indicates the curvature of the optically effective surface in a plane spanned by the y-direction and the z-direction.
- the optically effective surface comprises a second radius of curvature which differs from the first radius of curvature and which indicates the curvature of the optically effective surface in a plane spanned by the c-direction and the z-direction.
- the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature are positioned perpendicular to each other.
- the radii of curvature intersect in particular at the apex mentioned above.
- the first radius of curvature is preferably greater than the second radius of curvature.
- the second radius of curvature can also be influenced.
- the control element or the control elements can be referred to as actuators or actuators. At least two adjusting elements are preferably provided. However, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, new, ten or eleven adjusting elements can also be provided. More than eleven control elements are also possible. Only one adjusting element can also be provided. This means that the number of control elements is fundamentally arbitrary.
- the adjusting elements are preferably so-called displacement actuators.
- a "path actuator” is to be understood as meaning an actuating element which, in contrast to a force actuator, does not impose a fixed force, but specifies a path.
- a "force actuator”, on the other hand, is to be understood as a control element which, in contrast to a displacement actuator, does not specify a fixed displacement but a force.
- a displacement actuator is a piezo element.
- An example of a force actuator is a Lorentz actuator as previously mentioned.
- the actuating elements can be or have piezo elements or piezo stacks.
- the actuating elements can also be pneumatic or hydraulic actuating elements, for example.
- a control unit is preferably assigned to the actuating element or the actuating elements, which control unit enables the actuating element or the actuating elements to be controlled, in particular supplied with current, so that they deform the facet section.
- the actuating elements are brought from a non-deflected state into a deflected state with the aid of an energization. Any number of intermediate states is provided between the non-deflected state and the deflected state.
- the actuating elements are no longer supplied with current, they preferably automatically return from the deflected state to the non-deflected state.
- he can Radius of curvature, in particular the first radius of curvature, or the radii of curvature can be changed continuously using the adjusting elements.
- the facet section is “elastically deformable” means here that the facet section can be brought from an undeflected or undeformed state to a deflected or deformed state and back. In the undeformed state, the radius of curvature, in particular the first one, can be larger than in the deformed state.
- a bending moment is introduced in the facet section with the aid of the actuating elements. For example, two oppositely oriented bending moments are introduced into two end regions of the facet section. In the following, however, only a bending moment is referred to.
- the facet section As soon as the bending moment is no longer applied to the facet section, it automatically deforms back from the deformed state to the undeformed state. This means that the deformation or deformation of the facet is reversible from the cut.
- the facet section is prestressed in the direction of the non-deformed state, in particular spring-prestressed.
- the optically effective surface can be flat or have a cylindrical curvature.
- the view from above is understood to mean a viewing direction perpendicular to the optically effective surface.
- “stiffness” is to be understood in particular as the resistance of the facets from the section or, in general, of a body to elastic deformation by a force or a moment.
- the "stiffness” is to be understood as meaning the torsional stiffness of the facet section, ie the stiffness against a torsional moment torsion or twisting the facet section.
- the rigidity of a component depends on the elastic properties of the material Material, such as the modulus of elasticity, and on the other hand on the geometry of the deformed component.
- the rigidity is variable, it can be adjusted in such a way that when the bending moment is introduced into the facet section, the latter is not twisted about the second spatial direction, that is to say rotated in itself. This prevents the normal vector from tilting about the second spatial direction.
- the "normal vector” is to be understood as meaning a vector which is oriented perpendicularly to the optically effective surface. The bending moment acts around the first spatial direction.
- “exclusively” is to be understood in particular in such a way that even if only a slight tilting of the normal vector about the second spatial direction is permissible. However, this tilting is always so slight that the optical properties of the optically effective surface are not adversely affected.
- the bending moment preferably only leads to a bending of the facet section, but in particular not to a torsion or twisting of the same.
- the longitudinal direction extends essentially along the second spatial direction.
- the longitudinal direction like the facet section itself, can be curved.
- the facet section preferably has a first end area and a second end area into which oppositely oriented bending moments can be introduced.
- a plane of symmetry of the facet from the section is provided in the middle between the end regions.
- the longitudinal direction is oriented from the respective end area to the plane of symmetry.
- the base body and the facet section are preferably formed in one piece, in particular in one piece of material. "In one piece” or “in one piece” means here that the base body and the facet section form a common component and are not composed of different components. "One-piece material” means here that the base body and the facet end section are made of the same material throughout. Alternatively, the base body and the facet section can also be two separate components that are connected to one another.
- the modulus of elasticity of the facet is variable from the section viewed along the longitudinal direction.
- the modulus of elasticity can decrease starting from the end areas in the direction of the plane of symmetry.
- a course or gradient of the modulus of elasticity is thus provided.
- the profile of the change in a numerical physical variable as a function of location is referred to as a gradient.
- the gradient of a quantity indicates for each location how much the quantity changes and in which direction the change is greatest.
- a variation of the modulus of elasticity can be achieved by using a monolithically manufactured base body, in particular the faceted section, made from two or more different materials. This base body forms the facets from section or the facet section is made of the base body.
- the base body can also include the base body.
- Such a base body can be produced from different materials, in particular metal powders, by welding, plating or preferably by additive or generative manufacturing, in particular 3D printing.
- Hybrid components, in particular the facet section, with a continuous transition between two different materials, for example copper and steel, can be produced with additive manufacturing processes in particular.
- At least the faceted section can therefore have a hybrid structure, in particular made of steel and copper.
- the base body can also have such a hybrid structure.
- the torsional section modulus of a cross section of the facet is variable viewed from the section along the longitudinal direction.
- the torsional resistance moment is a measure of the resistance a beam offers to the creation of internal stresses under load.
- the torsional resistance moment can be influenced by a geometry of the cross section. For example, the torsional section modulus can decrease starting from the end regions of the facet section in the direction of the plane of symmetry.
- the cross section is trapezoidal.
- the cross section of the facets from the section is in particular not only limited to trapezoidal cross sections, but can have any geometry with at least two variable cross section parameters, such as width and height.
- cross-sections in the form of rectangles, triangles, semi-ellipses, rectangles with corners cut off or other more complex cross-sections are conceivable.
- the cross section facing the optically effective surface has a first width and facing away from the optically effective surface has a second width, the first width being greater than the second width.
- the cross section tapers from the optically effective area.
- the facets section has, in particular, a top side on which the optically effective surface is provided and a bottom side.
- the top has the first width.
- the bottom has the second width.
- the first width is constant when viewed along the longitudinal direction, with the second width being variable when viewed along the longitudinal direction.
- the first width in particular does not change and is therefore also not variable.
- the second width decreases starting from the end regions towards the plane of symmetry.
- the cross section has a height which is variable when viewed along the longitudinal direction.
- the height is oriented in particular along the third spatial direction.
- the height decreases starting from the end regions of the facet section towards the plane of symmetry.
- the facet section comprises a first end area and a second end area, the facet section being constructed mirror-symmetrically to a plane of symmetry arranged centrally between the first end area and the second end area.
- mirror symmetry refers to the geometric structure, i.e. the dimensions, of the facets from the cut.
- mirror symmetry also refers to the stiffness of the facet as cut.
- the facet section has identical rigidities on both sides of the plane of symmetry at a predetermined distance from its plane of symmetry.
- the cross section is smallest in the plane of symmetry .
- a cross-sectional area of the cross section is smallest in the plane of symmetry.
- the cross section increases starting from the plane of symmetry in the direction of the first end area and in the direction of the second end area.
- cross-sectional area of the cross section is larger at the end regions than in the plane of symmetry.
- the field facet system also comprises at least two adjusting elements which are set up to introduce oppositely oriented bending moments into the end regions.
- the number of adjusting elements is fundamentally arbitrary. More or fewer than two adjusting elements can also be provided.
- the adjusting elements are preferably linear adjusting elements.
- the control elements are piezo actuators.
- the field facet system comprises a first spatial direction about which the normal vector only tilts when the bending moment is introduced in the facet section, a second spatial direction which is oriented perpendicularly to the first spatial direction, and a third spatial direction which is perpendicular is oriented to the first spatial direction and the second spatial direction.
- the first spatial direction corresponds to the previously mentioned x Direction.
- the second spatial direction corresponds to the aforementioned y-direction.
- the third spatial direction corresponds to the aforementioned z-direction.
- the bending moment acts about the first spatial direction.
- the bending moment acts exclusively around the first spatial direction.
- a lever arm connected to the facets can be provided, which lever arm is deflected with the aid of the actuating element.
- Such a lever arm can be assigned to each actuating element.
- the facet section deforms when the bending moment is introduced exclusively in a plane spanned by the second spatial direction and the third spatial direction.
- This aforementioned plane is preferably oriented perpendicular to the plane of symmetry.
- the lithography system can have a large number of such field facet systems.
- the lithography system can be an EUV lithography system or a DUV lithography system.
- EUV stands for "Extreme Ultraviolet” and denotes a wavelength of the working light between 0.1 nm and 30 nm.
- DUV stands for "Deep Ultraviolet” and denotes a wavelength of the working light between 30 nm and 250 nm.
- "a” is not necessarily to be construed as being limited to exactly one element. Rather, a plurality of elements, such as two, three or more, can also be provided. Any other counting word used here should also not be understood to mean that there is a restriction to exactly the number of elements mentioned. Rather , upward and downward numerical deviations are possible, unless otherwise stated.
- FIG. 1A shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an EUV lithography system
- FIG. 1B shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a DUV lithography system
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an optical arrangement for the lithography system according to FIG. 1A or 1B;
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view of an embodiment of a field facet mirror for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 shows a further schematic view of the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 shows a further schematic view of the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 6 shows a further schematic view of the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a pupil facet of a pupil facet mirror for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 8 shows a further schematic view of the pupil facet according to FIG .
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a pupil facet of a pupil facet mirror for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 14 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 15 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a facet section for an optical system of the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- Figure 16 shows a schematic plan view of the facet ab section of Figure 15;
- Fig. 17 shows a schematic front view of the facet section according to Fig. 15;
- FIG. 18 shows a schematic side view of another embodiment of a facet section for an optical system of the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- Fig. 19 shows a schematic plan view of the facet portion of Fig. 18;
- Fig. 20 shows a schematic sectional view of the facet portion according to the section line A ⁇ of Fig. 18;
- FIG. 21 shows a further schematic sectional view of the facet section according to section line BB of FIG. 18;
- FIG. 22 shows a schematic plan view of another embodiment of a facet ab section for an optical system of the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- Fig. 23 shows a schematic sectional view of the facet portion according to section line OC of Fig. 22;
- Fig. 24 is another schematic sectional view of the facet portion taken along section line D-D of Fig. 22;
- FIG. 25 shows a further schematic sectional view of the facet section according to the section line E ⁇ of FIG. 22;
- FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing error progression of a normal vector over the length of the facet ab section of FIG. 18.
- FIG. 27 shows a schematic diagram showing an error profile of a normal vector over the length of the facet ab section according to FIG.
- Fig. 1A shows a schematic view of an EUV lithography system 100A, which includes a beam shaping and illumination system 102 and a projection system 104 ⁇ .
- EUV stands for "extreme ultraviolet” (Engl7 Extre ⁇ me Ultraviolet, EUV) and denotes a wavelength of the working light between ⁇ rule 0.1 nm and 30 nm.
- the beam shaping and illumination system 102 and the projection system 104 are each provided in a vacuum housing, not shown, with each vacuum housing being evacuated with the aid of an evacuation device , not shown.
- the vacuum housings are surrounded by a machine room, not shown, in which drive devices are provided for mechanically moving or adjusting optical elements. Furthermore, electrical controls and the like can also be provided in this machine room.
- the EUV lithography system 100A has an EUV light source 106A.
- a plasma source (or a synchrotron) can be provided as the EUV light source 106A , for example, which emits radiation 108A in the EUV range (extremely ultraviolet range), ie for example in the wavelength range from 5 nm to 20 nm.
- the EUV radiation 108A is bundled in the beam shaping and illumination system 102 and the desired operating wavelength is filtered out of the EUV radiation 108A.
- the EUV radiation 108A generated by the EUV light source 106A has a relatively low transmissivity through air, which is why the beam guidance spaces in the beam shaping and illumination system 102 and in the projection system 104 are evacuated.
- the beam shaping and illumination system 102 shown in FIG. 1A has five mirrors 110,112,114,116,118.
- the EUV radiation 108A is directed onto a photomask ( Engl4 reticle) 120.
- the photomask 120 is also designed as a reflective optical element and can be arranged outside of the systems 102, 104.
- the EUV radiation 108A can be directed onto the photomask 120 by means of a mirror 122 .
- the photomask 120 has a structure which is imaged on a wafer 124 or the like in reduced form by means of the projection system 104 .
- the projection system 104 (also referred to as a projection objective) has six mirrors M1 to M6 for imaging the photomask 120 onto the wafer 124.
- individual mirrors M1 to M6 of the projection system 104 can be arranged symmetrically with respect to an optical axis 126 of the projection system 104.
- the number of mirrors M1 to M6 of the EUV lithography system 100A is not limited to the number shown. More or fewer mirrors M1 to M6 can also be provided.
- the mirrors M1 to M6 are generally curved on their front side for beam formation.
- FIG. 1B shows a schematic view of a DUV lithography system 100B, which includes a beam shaping and illumination system 102 and a projection system 104 .
- DUV stands for "deep ultraviolet” (Engl .: Deep Ultraviolet, DUV) and designates a wavelength of the working height between 30 nm and 250 nm.
- the beam shaping and illumination system 102 and the projection system 104 can - as already with reference to Fig 1A described - be surrounded by a machine room with appropriate drive devices.
- the DUV lithography system 100B has a DUV light source 106B.
- An ArF excimer laser for example, can be provided as the DUV light source 106B, which emits radiation 108B in the DUV range at, for example, 193 nm.
- the beam shaping and illumination system 102 shown in FIG. 1B guides the DUV radiation 108B onto a photomask 120.
- the photomask 120 is designed as a transmissive optical element and can be arranged outside of the systems 102, 104.
- the photomask 120 has a structure which is reduced by means of the projection system 104 to a wafer 124 or the like ⁇ Chen from formed.
- the projection system 104 has a plurality of lenses 128 and/or mirrors 130 for imaging the photomask 120 onto the wafer 124 . In this case, individual lenses 128 and/or mirrors 130 of the projection system 104 can be arranged symmetrically to an optical axis 126 of the projection system 104 .
- the number of lenses 128 and mirrors 130 of the DUV lithography tool 100B is not limited to the number illustrated. More or fewer lenses 128 and/or mirrors 130 can also be provided. Furthermore, the mirrors 130 are typically curved on their front side for beam shaping.
- An air gap between the last lens 128 and the wafer 124 can be replaced by a liquid medium 132 having a refractive index>1.
- the liquid medium 132 can be, for example, ultrapure water.
- Such a structure is also referred to as immersion lithography and has an increased photolithographic resolution.
- the medium 132 can also be referred to as an immersion liquid.
- the optical arrangement 200 is a beam shaping and lighting system 102 , in particular a beam shaping and lighting system 102 of an EUV lithography system 100A.
- the optical arrangement 200 can therefore also be referred to as a beam shaping and illumination system and the beam shaping and illumination system 102 can be referred to as an optical arrangement.
- the optical arrangement 200 can be connected upstream of a projection system 104 as explained above.
- the optical arrangement 200 can also be part of a DUV lithography system 100B. However, it is assumed below that the optical arrangement 200 is part of an EUV lithography system 100A.
- FIG. 2 also shows an EUV light source 106A , as explained above, which emits EUV radiation 108A , and a photomask 120.
- the EUV light source 106A can be part of the optical arrangement 200 .
- the optical arrangement 200 includes a plurality of mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208. Furthermore, an optional deflection mirror 210 can be provided. The deflection mirror 210 is operated with grazing incidence and can therefore also be referred to as a grazing incidence mirror. Folding mirror 210 may correspond to mirror 122 shown in Figure 1A. Mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208 may correspond to mirrors 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 shown in Figure 1A. In particular, mirror 202 corresponds to mirror 110, and mirror 204 corresponds to mirror 112.
- the mirror 202 is what is known as a facet mirror, in particular a field facet mirror, of the optical arrangement 200.
- the mirror 204 is also a facet mirror, in particular a pupil facet mirror, of the optical arrangement 200.
- the mirror 202 reflects the EUV radiation 108A to the mirror 204.
- At least one of the mirrors 206, 208 can be a condenser mirror of the optical arrangement 200.
- the number of mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208 is arbitrary. For example, as shown in FIG . 1A, five mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208, namely the mirrors 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, or, as shown in FIG.
- mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208 can be provided. However, at least three mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208, namely a field facet mirror, a pupil facet mirror, and a condenser mirror are preferably provided.
- a faceted mirror comprises a multiplicity of lamellae or facets which can be arranged in the form of cells .
- the facets can be arcuate or crescent-shaped.
- the facets can also be polygonal, in particular square, be.
- a facet mirror can have several hundred to several thousand facets .
- Each facet can be tiltable on its own.
- the mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208 are arranged within a housing 212.
- the housing 212 can be subjected to a vacuum during operation, in particular during the treatment operation, of the optical arrangement 200 . That is, the mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208 are placed in a vacuum.
- the EUV light source 106A emits EUV radiation 108A.
- a tin plasma can be generated .
- a tin body for example a tin ball or a tin droplet, can be bombarded with a laser pulse.
- the tin plasma emits EUV radiation 108A, which is collected using a collector, for example an ellipsoidal mirror, of the EUV light source 106A and sent in the direction of the optical arrangement 200 .
- the collector bundles the EUV radiation 108A in an intermediate focus 214.
- the intermediate focus 214 can also be referred to as an intermediate focal plane or lies in an intermediate focal plane.
- the EUV radiation 108A is reflected when passing through the optical arrangement 200 of each of the mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208 and the deflection mirror 210 re ⁇ .
- a beam path of the EUV radiation 108A is denoted by reference number 216 .
- the photomask 120 is arranged in an object plane 218 of the optical arrangement 200 .
- An object field 220 is positioned in the object plane 218 .
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic top view of an embodiment of a mirror 202 as explained above, which is designed as a facet mirror, in particular as a field facet mirror.
- the facet mirror or field facet mirror is therefore denoted by reference number 202 in the following.
- the field facet mirror 202 comprises a multiplicity of lamellae or facets 222 which are arranged in rows.
- the facets 222 are in particular field facets and are also referred to as such below.
- the field facets 222 may be curved in an arc or crescent shape.
- the field facets 222 can also be polygonal, for example square.
- the field facets 222 can also each have an elongated, rectangular geometry. Only a small number of field facets 222 are shown in FIG. 3 .
- the field facet mirror 202 can have several hundred to several thousand field facets 222 .
- Each field facet 222 can be tilted on its own.
- each field facet 222 can be assigned an actuating element or an actuator.
- the actuator can be a so-called Lorentz actuator.
- the optical arrangement 200 includes the EUV light source 106A, not shown, which emits EUV radiation 108A, the intermediate focus 214, the field facet mirror 202 and the pupil facet mirror formed mirror 204.
- the mirror 204 is hereinafter referred to as a pupil facet mirror.
- the mirrors 206, 208, the deflection mirror 210 and the housing 212 are not shown in FIG.
- the pupil facet mirror 204 is arranged at least approximately in an entrance pupil plane of the projection system 104 or in a plane conjugate thereto .
- the intermediate focus 214 is an aperture stop of the EUV light source 106A.
- the aperture diaphragm for generating the intermediate focus 214 and the actual intermediate focus, ie the opening in this aperture diaphragm.
- the field facet mirror 202 comprises a supporting body or base body 224, which - as previously mentioned - a plurality of field facets 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F.
- the field facets 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E , 222F can be of identical design, but can also differ from one another, in particular in the shape of their boundary and/or a curvature of a respective optically effective surface 226.
- the optically effective surface 226 is a mirror ⁇ surface.
- the optically effective surface 226 serves to reflect the EUV radiation 108A in the direction of the pupil facet mirror 204 . In FIG.
- optically effective surface 226 of the field facet 222A is provided with a reference sign.
- the field facets 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F also have such optically effective surfaces 226.
- the optically effective surface 226 can be referred to as a field facet surface.
- the pupil facet mirror 204 includes a support body or body 228 which supports a plurality of pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F.
- Each of the pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F has an optically effective surface 232, in particular a mirror surface.
- the optically effective surface 232 is suitable for reflecting EUV radiation 108A.
- the optically effective surface 232 can be referred to as the pupil facet surface.
- the field facet 222C can be switched between different pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F.
- the pupil facets 230C, 230D , 230E are assigned to the field facet 222C for this purpose.
- This tilting takes place mechanically by 25 to 40 mrad, so that the EUV radiation 108 is deflected by 50 to 80 mrad according to the condition that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- This angle specification relates to a half angle, i.e. measured from the middle to the edge and not from one (left) edge to the other (right) edge.
- the field facet 222 C can be tilted between a plurality of positions or tilt positions PI, P2, P3 with the aid of an actuator (not shown), for example with the aid of a Lorentz actuator.
- a first tilt position PI the field facet 222C images the intermediate focus 214 onto the pupil facet 230C with an imaging light bundle 234A (shown with dashed lines).
- the field facet 222C forms the intermediate focus 214 with an imaging light bundle 234B (shown with solid lines) onto the pupil facet 230D .
- the field facet 222C forms the intermediate focus 214 with an imaging light bundle 234C (shown with dotted lines) onto the pupil facet 230E.
- the respective pupil facet 230C, 230D, 230E images the field facet 222C onto the photomask 120 (not shown here) or in its vicinity.
- the imaging light bundle 234A, 234B, 234C irradiates part of the optically active surfaces 232 of the pupil facets 230C, 230D , 230E assigned to the respective tilted position PI, P2, P3.
- the effect of switching between the tilt positions PI, P2, P3 and the irradiation of the optically effective surfaces 232 of the pupil facets 230C, 230D , 230E is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show further representations of the optical arrangement 200 according to FIG. 4.
- gene shown in a line. In fact, however, they are arranged as shown in FIG. 2, ie at specific angles to one another.
- 5 shows the field facet 222C in its tilted position P2, a curvature of the optically effective surface 226 not being changed and in particular not being adapted to the tilted position P2.
- the EUV light source 106A comprises a plasma source 236 for generating the EUV radiation 108A and a collector 238 for focusing the EUV radiation 108A.
- the intermediate focus 214 and the pupil facet 230D are round.
- the pupil facet 230D can also be hexagonal.
- the field facet 222C projects an image of the intermediate focus 214 with the imaging light bundle 234B onto the pupil facet 230D .
- the optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D does not correspond exactly to an imaging surface 240 in which the image of the intermediate focus 214 is perfectly focused. Instead, the optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D in FIG. 5 is closer to the field facet 222C than the imaging surface 240, so that the imaging of the intermediate focus 214 with the imaging light bundle 234B is not focused on the pupil facet 230D. Between the optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D and the imaging surface 240 there is a distance a.
- the ratio of the irradiated area relative to the total optically effective area 232 of the pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F of the pupil facet mirror 204 (that is, to the area that can be recorded by the EUV lithography system 100A at most) is referred to as the “pupil fill level”.
- the pupil fill level Normally, small unfilled areas, in particular areas that are smaller than the area of a pupil facet, within an otherwise filled area are taken into account when calculating the degree of filling of the pupil.
- FIG. 7 shows a top view of the optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D.
- the optically effective surface 232 is essentially round or hexagonal.
- the pupil facet 230D is also preferably round or hexagonal.
- the surface 242 of the optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D, which is irradiated by the imaging light beam 234B, corresponds approximately to the optically effective surface 232 itself in terms of its extent. The irradiated surface 242 thus covers almost the entire optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D.
- Fig. 6 shows the field facet 222C in the tilt position P2 after changing the curvature of the optically effective surface 226.
- the curvature of the optically effective surface 226 was changed such that the distance a between the optically effective surface 232 and of the imaging area 240 is reduced.
- the distance a is zero, so that the optically effective surface 232 and the imaging surface 240 lie on top of one another.
- the imaging of the intermediate focus 214 with the imaging light beam 234B on the pupil facet 230D is perfectly focused in FIG. 6 and the irradiated area 242 is its extensions - as shown in Fig. 8 - compared to the irradiated area 242 in Fig. 7 German reduced.
- FIG. 6 shows the field facet 222C in the tilt position P2 after changing the curvature of the optically effective surface 226.
- the curvature of the optically effective surface 226 was changed such that the distance a between the optically effective surface 232 and of the imaging area 240 is reduced
- FIG. 8 shows a further top view of the optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D. As shown in FIG. 8, the irradiated area 242 is significantly reduced compared to the irradiated area 242 shown in FIG. 7 before the change in the curvature of the optically effective area 226 of the field facet 222C.
- FIG. 9 in a further top view, there is the possibility of reducing the pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F and packing them more densely. As a result, the resolution of the EUV lithography system 100A can be increased.
- the reduced optically effective area 232 of the pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F is round or hexagonal.
- the irradiated area 242 shown hatched is identical in terms of its dimensions to that in FIG. 8, but fills out a large part of the optically effective area 232 of the pupil facet 230D shown in FIG. 9. Optimizing the curvature of the optically effective surface 226 of the field facet 222C thus enables the pupil facet 230D to be reduced in size.
- optical system 300A shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an optical system 300A.
- the optical system 300A is part of an optical arrangement 200 as explained above.
- the optical arrangement 200 can comprise a multiplicity of such optical systems 300A.
- the optical system 300A is in particular also part of a field facet mirror as explained above 202.
- the optical system 300A is a field facet 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F as previously discussed.
- the optical system 300A can therefore also be referred to as a field facet, field facet system or field facet device.
- the optical system 300A is preferably a field facet system. However, hereinafter the field facet system is referred to as optical system 300A.
- a coordinate system with a first spatial direction or c-direction x, a second spatial direction or y-direction y and a third spatial direction or z-direction z is assigned to the optical system 300A.
- the spatial directions x, y, z are positioned perpendicular to one another.
- the c-direction x can also be referred to as the width direction.
- the y-direction y can also be referred to as the longitudinal direction or longitudinal direction.
- the z-direction z can also be referred to as vertical direction or thickness direction.
- the optical system 300A includes an optical element 302.
- the optical element 302 is made of a mirror substrate or substrate.
- the substrate can in particular comprise copper, in particular a copper alloy, an iron-nickel alloy, such as invar, silicon or another suitable material.
- the substrate is responsible for the mechanical properties of the optical element 302.
- the optical element 302 comprises a main body 304 and a facet section 306.
- the facet section 306 can also be referred to as a facet or optical facet.
- Facet portion 306 preferably has an arcuate or crescent geometry in plan view. However, facet portion 306 may also have an elongated rectangular geometry in plan view.
- the base body 304 and the facet section 306 are formed in one piece, in particular in one piece of material. "A piece” or “in one piece” means that the base body 304 and the facet section 306 form a common component and not from different borrowed components are assembled.
- One-piece material means that the main body 304 and the facet section 306 are made of the same material throughout.
- An optically effective surface 308 is provided on the front side of the optical element 302, that is to say on the facet section 306.
- FIG. The optically effective surface 308 corresponds to the optically effective surface 226 according to FIG. 4.
- the optically effective surface 308 is a mirror surface.
- the optically effective surface 308 can be produced with the aid of a coating.
- the optically effective surface 308 can be applied to the substrate as a coating.
- a polishing layer can be provided between the substrate and the optically effective surface 308 .
- Optical element 302 is, or may be referred to as, a mirror facet.
- the optically effective surface 308 or the facet section 306 includes a first radius of curvature Kl.
- the first radius of curvature Kl indicates a curvature of the optically effective surface 308 in a plane spanned by the y-direction y and the z-direction z.
- the optically effective surface 308 or the facet section 306 can also have a second radius of curvature K2.
- the second radius of curvature K2 is oriented perpendicular to the first radius of curvature Kl. This results in a toroidal shape for the optically effective surface 308 .
- the second radius of curvature K2 specifies a curvature of the optically effective surface 308 in a plane spanned by the c-direction x and the z-direction z.
- a gap 310 is provided between the facet section 306 and the base body 304 .
- the facet section 306 has two lever arms 312, 314, which are connected via connecting regions 316, 318 to the facet section 306 in one piece, in particular in one piece of material.
- the gap 310 extends between the facet section 306 and the lever arms 312, 314.
- the Connection areas 316, 318 each represent a cross-sectional constriction provided between the facet section 306 and the lever arms 312, 314.
- the lever arms 312, 314 are in turn connected to the base body 304 in one piece, in particular as a single piece of material, via joint sections 320, 322.
- the joint sections 320, 322 are designed as so-called flexure joints.
- a “solid body joint” is to be understood as meaning a region of a component which allows a relative movement between two rigid body regions by bending.
- the joint sections 320, 322 are elastically deformable.
- a first joint section 320 and a second joint section 322 are provided.
- the first joint section 320 enables a movement of the facet section 306 about an axis arranged parallel to the c-direction x.
- the second articulated section 322 likewise enables a movement of the facet section 306 about an axis parallel to the c-direction x.
- the optical system 300A includes standing elements 324, 326.
- the positioning elements 324, 326 can also be referred to as actuators.
- the control elements 324 , 326 are linear control elements, in particular linear piezoelectric elements. This means that the actuating elements 324 , 326 can be shortened and lengthened depending on the activation. Two adjusting elements 324, 326 can be provided. However, the number of adjusting elements 324, 326 is fundamentally arbitrary.
- the control elements 324 , 326 are piezo control elements or piezo actuators. However, any other actuators for the actuating elements 324, 326 can also be used.
- a temperature sensor 328, 330 is assigned to each actuating element 324, 326.
- a temperature of the respective control element 324 , 326 can be detected with the aid of the temperature sensors 328, 330.
- the adjusting elements 324 , 326 are accommodated in recesses 332 , 334 provided within the base body 304 .
- the optical system 300A has temperature sensors 336, 338, 340, 342, which can be placed in corresponding recesses in the base body 304.
- the optical system 300A can have distance measuring sensors 344, 346, with the aid of which a deformation of the facet section 306 can be detected.
- the facet section 306 is connected to the base body 304 via the lever arms 312, 314 arranged at both ends of the facet section 306 and the joint sections 320, 322.
- the actuating elements 324, 326 are controlled in such a way that they are shortened, namely along the z-direction z.
- the lever arms 312, 314 are pulled downwards in the orientation of FIG. 10 along the z-direction z.
- the lever arms 312, 314 pivot about the joint sections 320, 322 and on the facets from section 306, two oppositely oriented bending moments Bl, B2 are applied to deform the facets from section 306.
- a first bending moment Bl is oriented clockwise.
- a second bending moment B2 is oriented counterclockwise.
- At least the first radius of curvature Kl changes.
- the second radius of curvature K2 can also change.
- Heat input into the optical system 300A takes place primarily via the facet section 306, heat dissipation via a foot of the base body 304. Therefore, an inhomogeneous temperature distribution will occur in the optical system 300A.
- the temperature sensors 328, 330, 336, 338, 340, 342 preferably detect the temperature of each individual actuating element 324, 326 and the temperature of the areas of the base body 304 and the lever arms 312, 314 that are relevant to the disruptive effect.
- Embodiments of the temperature sensors 328, 330, 336 , 338, 340, 342 can be NTO sensors (Negative Temperature Coefficient, NTC), thermocouples, platinum sensors or thermopiles. Thermopiles enable the measuring element to be placed in the base body 304 with a non-contact temperature measurement of the facet section 306.
- the actual deformation of the facet section 306 can be detected with the aid of the displacement sensors 344, 346 and a correction signal for the actuating elements 324, 326 can be calculated therefrom via the external control unit 348.
- This procedure has the advantage that further errors such as hysteresis of the actuating elements 324, 326, mechanical drift effects and creep effects of the actuating elements 324, 326 or an electrical drift of the control unit 348 can be detected and compensated for.
- the arrangement of at least two displacement sensors 344, 346 at the same distance from an outer edge of the facet from section 306 is advantageous.
- the choice of a position measuring system that is as insensitive as possible to temperature changes is advantageous.
- the distance can be measured either directly via a change in distance between the facet section 306 and the base body 304 or via the expansion of the facet section 306 or the lever arms 312, 314.
- Advantageous embodiments of direct displacement sensors 344, 346 can be capacitive or inductive sensors due to the severely limited installation space.
- the use of confocal optical sensors is advantageous.
- the operation of the adjusting elements 324, 326 in a closed control loop, taking into account the correction signals from the displacement and temperature measurements is advantageous.
- the optical system 300A it can be advantageous to set different radii of curvature, independent of one another, for different length sections of the facet from section 306 onwards. This can be necessary, for example, in order to be able to compensate for inaccuracies or errors in the production of the optically effective surface 308.
- the facet section 306 is made comparatively thin. As a result, during the polishing of the optically effective surface 308, the forces acting on the facet section 306 during the polishing process can result in a deformation of the facet section 306, which affects the accuracy of the polishing process. This can lead to a wavy deviation between a cylindrical or toroidal target contour and an actually generated actual contour.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300B. Only the differences between the optical systems 300A, 300B are discussed below.
- the optical system 300B comprises adjusting elements 324, 326, 350, 352 which, in contrast to the optical system 300A, are not designed as linear adjusting elements, but rather as shear adjusting elements, in particular as shear piezo actuators. In the orientation of FIG. 12, these adjusting elements 324, 326, 350, 352 can curve upwards and downwards, as indicated by an arrow is.
- the adjusting elements 324, 326, 350, 352 are viewed along the y-direction y next to one another or one behind the other.
- Each actuating element 324, 326, 350, 352 is assigned a lever arm 354, 356, 358, 360.
- Each lever arm 354, 356, 358, 360 is, as shown by the lever arm 354, using two joint sections 362, 364 on the one hand with the base body 304 and on the other hand with the facets from section 306 connected.
- the Ge steering sections 362, 364 are each provided at the end of the respective lever arm 354, 356, 358, 360.
- the joint sections 362, 364 are solid state joints ke.
- the actuating elements 324, 326, 350, 352 are operatively connected to the lever arms 354, 356, 358, 360 via decoupling joints 366, 368, 370, 372.
- Each decoupling joint 366, 368, 370, 372 comprises two interconnected leaf springs which are flexible in the horizontal direction, ie along the y-direction y, and thus cannot transmit any or almost any forces along the y-direction y. However, a force transmission is in the vertical direction, ie along the z-direction z, possible to deform the facets from section 306.
- the decoupling hinges 366, 368, 370, 372 also provide thermal decoupling.
- the decoupling joints 366, 368, 370, 372 can also be referred to as thermal decoupling.
- a displacement sensor 474, 476, 478, 480 is assigned to each lever arm 354, 356, 358, 360.
- a temperature sensor 328, 330, 374, 376 is assigned to each adjusting element 324, 326, 350, 352.
- optical system 300B By deflecting an actuating element 324, 326, 350, 352 in the orientation of FIG. 11, for example downwards, an increased tensile force is exerted downwards on the facet section 306 via the respective lever arm 354, 356, 358, 360. This is via the joint sections 320, 322 to the base body 304 is supported.
- the via the respective actuating element 324, 326, 350, 352 adjustable force brings about a change in curvature of the facet section 306. Different activation of the actuating elements 324, 326, 350, 352 can be used to set a multiple curvature of the facet section 306 who the.
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300C. Only the differences between the optical systems 300B, 300C are discussed below.
- the optical system 300C includes adjusting elements 324, 326, 350, 352, which are not designed as shearing elements but as linear adjusting elements. This means that the adjusting elements 324, 326, 350, 352 can shorten and lengthen along their longitudinal direction, ie along the y-direction y.
- each actuating element 324, 326, 350, 352 is assigned a lever arm 354, 356, 358, 360, which is connected to the base body 304 by means of a joint section 362 and to the facets by means of a joint section 364 306 is operatively connected.
- the adjusting elements 324, 326, 350, 352 can exert a tensile or compressive force on the lever arms 354, 356, 358, 360.
- the change in length of the respective actuating element 324, 326, 350, 352 is converted via the corresponding lever arm 354, 356, 358, 360 into a tensile or compressive force in the vertical direction, i.e. along and counter to the z-direction z on the facets, section 306 implemented.
- a multiple curvature of the facet section 306 can be admitted via a different activation of the actuating elements 324, 326, 350, 352.
- the temperature sensors 336, 338 and displacement sensors 474, 476, 478 are arranged in accordance with the embodiment of the optical system 300B according to FIG. 11.
- the standing elements 324, 326, 350, 352 can, as with reference to the optical see system 300B already explained, be assigned temperature sensors (not shown).
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300D. Only the differences between the optical systems 300C, 300D are discussed below.
- the optical system 300D corresponds to the optical system 300C with the difference that in the optical system 300D the joint sections 320, 322 are not provided at the edge of the facet section 306, but rather that the joint sections 320, 322 along the y-direction y considered inward.
- the optical system 300D also includes temperature sensors and displacement sensors (not shown).
- FIG. 14 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300E. Only the differences between the optical systems 300D, 300E are discussed below.
- the optical system 300E does not have four but only two adjusting elements 324, 326. Furthermore, the joint sections 320, 322 are provided at the edge of the facet section 306.
- the optical system 300E also has temperature sensors and displacement sensors (not shown).
- the base body 304 and the facet section 306 can be made of one piece or monolithic, ie made from a raw material without further joints.
- the same material is therefore used for the kinematics, such as the joint sections 320, 322, and to use the facet portion 306.
- Copper, silicon, silicon carbide (SiSiC) or cordierite are advantageously suitable as materials.
- the base body 304 and the facet section 306 can be produced in separate processes and connected to one another by a suitable joining process at the joint sections 320, 322 or the like.
- This is particularly advantageous because different manufacturing processes are advantageous due to the different functional requirements for the two components.
- one requirement on the facets from section 306 is the lowest possible internal stress. This can be achieved in particular by milling or eroding with subsequent heat treatment.
- one requirement of the base body 304 is that the fine structures must be manufactured as precisely as possible, such as are required for the lever arms 312, 314 or the articulated sections 320, 322, for example. These structures can be advantageously achieved by means of eroding , etching or additive manufacturing and a different heat treatment.
- a method for connecting the base body ⁇ pers 304 and the facet section 306, for example at the joint sections ⁇ th 320, 322, is necessary.
- the facet section 306 can be connected to the base body 304, for example, by welding, wringing, soldering, gluing, diffusion welding, electron beam welding, laser welding or reactive bonding.
- welding, wringing, soldering, gluing, diffusion welding, electron beam welding, laser welding or reactive bonding for these embodiments of the connection at the articulated sections 320, 322, it is possible for internal stresses or deformations of the joint to affect the optically effective surface 308 and impair its optical properties.
- a correction of the surface error of the optically active surface 308 downstream of the production of the connection is advantageous for this purpose. This can be done by mechanical, electro ⁇ chemical or electron beam optical methods.
- piezo control elements or piezo actuators are proposed as control elements 324, 326, 350, 352.
- the facet section 306 can also be actuated by magnetic, magnetostrictive, pneumatic or hydraulic drives.
- piezo actuators is particularly advantageous since they have a very good power/space ratio. This means that large deformations of the optically effective surface 308 can be achieved with the available, very limited installation space.
- a further advantage is that due to the small size of piezo actuators, a width of the facet from section 306 can be chosen to be very narrow.
- a large number of optical systems 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D, 300E with actuable facet sections 306 and thus optical channels can thus be arranged in the beam shaping and illumination system 102 . This is beneficial to the optical performance of the beamforming and illumination system 102.
- piezo actuators require hardly any electricity in stationary or quasi-stationary operation. Due to the high internal resistance, the power required by the piezo actuator to hold a position is negligibly small and is mainly determined by the external wiring. After disconnecting from the power supply, the piezo actuator can maintain its position. This reduces the power consumption and thus the self-heating and is suitable for reducing the thermally induced errors mentioned above.
- FIG. 15-17 show highly simplified schematic views of one embodiment of a facet portion 306.
- Fig. 15 shows a side view of the facet from section 306.
- Fig. 16 shows a top view of the facet from section 306.
- Fig. 17 shows a front view of the facets from section 306.
- the optical systems 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D, 300E are based based on the kinematic principle of a bending beam mounted on both sides, which the facets form from section 306, with the introduction of bending moments Bl, B2 on both sides.
- Figure 15 shows the flexbeam in the form of facet portion 306 in an undeformed state, shown in solid lines, and in a deformed state, shown in dashed lines. In the deformed state, the facet portion is identified by reference numeral 306'.
- a facet section 306 that is straight in the y-direction y corresponds to a straight bending beam.
- the facet section 306 has a width b and a height h, both of which are constant when viewed along the y-direction y.
- Such a facet section 306 with a homogeneous cross-section Q will deform exclusively in a plane spanned by the y-direction y and the z-direction z when opposing bending moments Bl, B2 are introduced on both sides.
- a surface normal or a normal vector N of the optically effective men As a result, surface 308 is exclusively rotated about the x-direction x (short axis of the facet from section 306), depending on its position in the y-direction y on the facet section 306.
- FIG. 18-21 show highly simplified schematic views of another embodiment of a facet section 306.
- Fig. 18 shows a side view of the facet from section 306.
- Fig. 19 shows a top view of the facet section 306.
- Fig. 20 shows a sectional view 21 shows a sectional view of the facets from section 306 along section line BB of FIG To give supervision crescent-shaped or arc-shaped expression.
- the facet portion 306 corresponds to a curved cantilever.
- the facet section 306 has a homogeneous cross section.
- this facet section 306 will also deform primarily in a plane spanned by the y-direction y and the z-direction z. In addition, however, the facet section 306 will also experience a torsion about the y-direction y. This torsion is zero at both ends of the facet from section 306 and maximum in the middle of the facet section 306.
- the normal vector N of the optically effective surface 308 undergoes a rotation both about the c-direction x and about the y-direction y.
- the rotation about the y-direction y is at a maximum.
- the rotation about the c-direction x is zero in the middle of the facet section 306 and a maximum at both ends of the facet from section 306 onwards. Both rotations are in a geometrically determined, fixed relationship to one another.
- FIG. 22 to 25 show greatly simplified schematic views of a further embodiment of a facet section 306.
- the facet section 306 or the optically effective surface 308 is curved in the shape of an arc or a sickle.
- Figure 23 shows a sectional view of the facet from section 306 along line OC of Figure 22.
- Figure 24 shows a sectional view of facet portion 306 along line D-D of Figure 22.
- Figure 25 shows a sectional view of the facet from section 306 according to the section line E ⁇ in FIG. 22.
- stiffness is the resistance here of the facets from section 306 or, in general, of a body against elastic deformation by a force or a moment.
- the “stiffness” is to be understood as meaning the torsional stiffness of the facet from section 306, ie the stiffness against a torsional moment twisting or twisting the facet section 306.
- the rigidity of a component depends on the elastic properties of the material, such as the modulus of elasticity, on the one hand, and on the geometry of the deformed component on the other.
- the stiffness of the facet section 306 can thus be varied by varying the modulus of elasticity of the material used for the facet section 306 .
- a variation in the modulus of elasticity can be achieved by using a monolithically manufactured base body made of two or more different materials.
- This base body forms the facets from section 306 or the facets from section 306 is made from the base body.
- the base body can also include the base body 304 .
- Such a base body can be produced from different metal powders by welding, plating or preferably by additive or generative manufacturing, in particular 3D printing.
- additive manufacturing processes can be used to create hybrid components with a continuous transition between two different materials, such as copper and steel.
- the facet section 306 can therefore have a hybrid structure, in particular made of steel and copper.
- the geometry, in particular a cross section Q of the facet section 306, is particularly preferably varied.
- the facet section 306 comprises a trapezoidal cross-section Q with a constant or variable width bl on its upper side, ie the optically effective surface 308.
- a width b2 on its Bottom is also variable, but advantageously at any point of the facet section 306 narrower than the top.
- a height h of the cross section Q can also be chosen to be variable.
- the torsional section modulus about the c-direction x and the y-direction y of the facet section 306 is constant over the entire length of the facet section 306 .
- the "torsional resistance moment" is a measure of the resistance of the facets from section 306 or, in general terms, a beam opposes the development of internal stresses under load.
- the torsional resistance moment can be specifically influenced. This method is not limited to trapezoidal cross-sections Q, but can be used for any cross-sections with at least two variable cross-section parameters, such as width and height, for example.
- cross-sections Q in the form of rectangles, triangles, semi-ellipses, rectangles with corners cut off or other more complex cross-sections are conceivable.
- the facet section 306 comprises a first end region 378 and a second end region 380.
- the bending moments B1, B2 are introduced into the end regions 378, 380.
- a symmetry plane E1 to which the facet section 306 is constructed mirror-symmetrically.
- the section according to FIG. 24 is arranged in the plane of symmetry El.
- the plane of symmetry El is spanned by the c-direction x and the z-direction z or is arranged parallel to a plane spanned by the x-direction x and the z-direction z.
- the facet section 306 has a longitudinal direction LI, L2.
- the longitudinal direction LI, L2 is oriented in each case from the corresponding end region 378, 380 in the direction of the plane of symmetry El.
- the longitudinal direction LI, L2 in each case has an arcuately curved course.
- the stone The capacity of the facet section 306, starting from the end regions 378, 380 along the longitudinal direction LI, L2, is smaller when viewed in the direction of the plane of symmetry El.
- cross section Q or a cross-sectional area of the cross section Q is smallest in the plane of symmetry E1 and increases toward the end regions 378, 380.
- a course or a gradient of the rigidity that is to say the course of the rigidity along the respective longitudinal direction LI, L2 is symmetrical to the plane of symmetry El.
- the cross section Q according to the section line D-D according to FIG. 22 is smaller than the cross section Q according to the section lines OC and E ⁇ . The same applies to the torsional resistance moment.
- FIG. 26 shows the error profile of the normal vector N over the length of the facet section 306 for a specific change in the cross section Q.
- the y-direction y in mm is plotted on the abscissa axis.
- An error angle Q in prad is plotted on the ordinate axis.
- a 90 mm long facet section 306 with a rectangular cross section Q with a constant height h and width b of 4 mm is considered (FIG. 24).
- a curve 382 represents the tilting of the normal vector N in the plane E2 spanned by the y-direction y and the z-direction z.
- a curve 384 represents the tilting of the normal vector N in one of the c-direction x and the z-direction z spanned plane.
- a curve 386 shows the tilting of the normal vector N resulting from the curves 382, 384. As can be seen from the curve 386, the error angle Q of the resulting normal vector N varies between 5 and 19 prad.
- FIG. 27 shows the error profile of the normal vector M for an 80 mm long facet section 306 with a variable height h (Fig. 23) and constant width bl (Fig. 23) of the cross-section Q at the top side and variable width b2 (Fig. 23) at the bottom.
- the resulting error in the resulting normal vector N can be completely eliminated, as shown by curve 388 .
- the plane E2 is oriented perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E1.
- the optical arrangement 200 also includes a measuring unit 244, which is shown in FIG. 4 in a side view (left) and in a top view (right).
- the function of the measuring unit 244 is explained below.
- Piezo actuators can exhibit various long-lasting creep effects and drift effects that cannot be recorded with the above-mentioned measuring systems due to their own creep behavior.
- Such effects can include, for example, creep due to stress relaxation in an adhesive bond between the respective actuating element 324, 326, 350, 352 and the base body 304, drift of the respective actuating element 324, 326, 350, 352 due to charge loss, drift of the charge amplifier and/or material creep in the Facet portion 306 or the base body 304 be.
- These creep effects can lead to a deviation of the actual curvature from the setpoint curvature specified by the control and can occur over a period of hours, days or weeks depending on the creep effect and creep rate.
- the measuring unit 244 is advantageous for measuring these effects and for deriving a correction signal.
- the EUV radiation 108A of the beam path 216 impinges on the pivotable field facets 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E whose curvature can be changed. These reflect the EUV radiation depending on Switch position to different pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F.
- the arrangement according to FIG. 4 provides the measuring unit 244 which is independent of the pupil facet mirror 204 .
- one of the field facets 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D , 222E, 222F, for example the field facet 222C, is tilted such that the EUV Radiation 108A impinges on measurement unit 244.
- the measuring unit 244 detects the size of the light spot, preferably in several spatial directions, in particular in length and width.
- a correction signal for the adjusting elements 324, 326, 350, 352 for the facet curvature is calculated from the size of the light spot via a control unit (not shown).
- the light spot can now be set to a minimum size and thus the best possible focusing by iterative optimization.
- This calibration is performed sequentially for all field facets 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F and can be performed for each field facet 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F in a period of hours, days or weeks depending on the creep effect and creep rate be led.
- the measuring unit 244 can be embodied as a CCD sensor (Charge-Coupled Device, CCD), for example.
- CCD Charge-Coupled Device
- the pupil facets 230A, 230B , 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F of the pupil facet mirror 204 are arranged in a circular area. It is advantageous here to arrange the measuring unit 244 in the center of the area, since this reduces the variation of the switching angle of the field facets 222A, 222B, 222C , 222D , 222E , 222F for illuminating the measuring unit 244 as much as possible and the steepest possible incidence angle of the light of all field facets onto the measuring unit is realized.
- the measuring unit 244, as shown in FIG. 4 can be arranged independently and next to the pupil facet mirror 204 or (not shown) at the edge of the pupil facet mirror 204.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202180078713.8A CN116490825A (zh) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-11-16 | 场分面系统和光刻设备 |
| JP2023530835A JP2023549972A (ja) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-11-16 | 視野ファセットシステム及びリソグラフィ装置 |
| US18/318,342 US12353137B2 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2023-05-16 | Field facet system and lithography apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020214798.1 | 2020-11-25 | ||
| DE102020214798.1A DE102020214798A1 (de) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Feldfacettensystem und lithographieanlage |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/318,342 Continuation US12353137B2 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2023-05-16 | Field facet system and lithography apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022112061A1 true WO2022112061A1 (de) | 2022-06-02 |
Family
ID=78819490
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/081866 Ceased WO2022112061A1 (de) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-11-16 | Feldfacettensystem und lithographieanlage |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12353137B2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2023549972A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116490825A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020214798A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022112061A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020211096A1 (de) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-03-03 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Feldfacette für einen Feldfacettenspiegel einer Projektionsbelichtungsanlage |
| DE102022116696A1 (de) * | 2022-07-05 | 2024-01-11 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Grundkörper für ein optisches Element mit einer Anbindungsgeometrie und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Grundkörpers eines optischen Elementes sowie Projektionsbelichtungsanlage |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1026547A2 (de) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-09 | Svg Lithography Systems, Inc. | Facettenreflektor-Kondensor für die EUV-Lithographie |
| DE10151919A1 (de) | 2001-10-20 | 2003-05-15 | Zeiss Carl | Optisches Element mit einer optischen Achse |
| DE102013206981A1 (de) | 2013-04-18 | 2013-12-24 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Facettenspiegel mit im Krümmungsradius einstellbaren Spiegel-Facetten und Verfahren hierzu |
| WO2016128253A1 (de) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-08-18 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Beleuchtungsoptik für die euv-projektionslithografie |
| DE102017221420A1 (de) | 2017-11-29 | 2018-11-29 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Euv-beleuchtungssystem und verfahren zum erzeugen einer beleuchtungsstrahlung |
-
2020
- 2020-11-25 DE DE102020214798.1A patent/DE102020214798A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-11-16 JP JP2023530835A patent/JP2023549972A/ja active Pending
- 2021-11-16 CN CN202180078713.8A patent/CN116490825A/zh active Pending
- 2021-11-16 WO PCT/EP2021/081866 patent/WO2022112061A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2023
- 2023-05-16 US US18/318,342 patent/US12353137B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1026547A2 (de) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-09 | Svg Lithography Systems, Inc. | Facettenreflektor-Kondensor für die EUV-Lithographie |
| DE10151919A1 (de) | 2001-10-20 | 2003-05-15 | Zeiss Carl | Optisches Element mit einer optischen Achse |
| DE102013206981A1 (de) | 2013-04-18 | 2013-12-24 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Facettenspiegel mit im Krümmungsradius einstellbaren Spiegel-Facetten und Verfahren hierzu |
| WO2016128253A1 (de) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-08-18 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Beleuchtungsoptik für die euv-projektionslithografie |
| DE102017221420A1 (de) | 2017-11-29 | 2018-11-29 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Euv-beleuchtungssystem und verfahren zum erzeugen einer beleuchtungsstrahlung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2023549972A (ja) | 2023-11-29 |
| US12353137B2 (en) | 2025-07-08 |
| DE102020214798A1 (de) | 2022-05-25 |
| CN116490825A (zh) | 2023-07-25 |
| US20230384685A1 (en) | 2023-11-30 |
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