WO2022176970A1 - 新規抗pad4抗体 - Google Patents
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- WO2022176970A1 WO2022176970A1 PCT/JP2022/006528 JP2022006528W WO2022176970A1 WO 2022176970 A1 WO2022176970 A1 WO 2022176970A1 JP 2022006528 W JP2022006528 W JP 2022006528W WO 2022176970 A1 WO2022176970 A1 WO 2022176970A1
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- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
- A01K2267/035—Animal model for multifactorial diseases
- A01K2267/0368—Animal model for inflammation
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- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
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- C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
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- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
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- C12Y305/03—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amidines (3.5.3)
- C12Y305/03015—Protein-arginine deiminase (3.5.3.15)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel anti-PAD4 antibodies.
- PAD4 Peptidylarginine deiminase 4
- PAD4 is known as an enzyme involved in citrullination of arginine in proteins. This citrullination is important for protein structure and reactions because it is a reaction in which arginine, which is the most basic amino acid among protein-constituting amino acids, is converted to neutral citrulline.
- RA rheumatoid arthritis
- vimentin, collagen, and fibrin are present as antigens in the synovial membrane
- anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP antibody) detection kits which are antibodies against these antigens, are sold as diagnostic agents for RA.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports that there is a correlation between the onset of RA and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the PAD4 gene.
- Non-Patent Document 2 reports that an anti-PAD4 antibody was used to diagnose RA.
- Patent Document 1 describes an attempt to suppress RA by administering a mixture of four types of anti-PAD4 antibodies to mice (see Example 2 of Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 2 describes an anti-PAD4 antibody with superior affinity to PAD4 and ability to inhibit citrullination activity.
- Reports on PAD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus include a report that nephritis was suppressed in an SLE model (imiquimod-induced model) using PAD4 knockout mice compared to the wild type, and that small-molecule PAD inhibitors (Cl-Amidine and BB-Cl -Amidine) administration has been reported to suppress nephritis in SLE model (MRL/lpr model) mice (Non-Patent Documents 3, 4 and 5).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides an anti-PAD4 antibody having excellent properties, or an anti-PAD4 antibody that exhibits excellent properties against RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- the purpose is to provide a preventive or therapeutic method.
- the present inventors have made intensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, they found that anti-PAD4 antibodies with specific complementarity determining region (CDR) sequences have excellent binding properties and storage stability. Furthermore, the inventors have found that an anti-PAD4 antibody having a specific framework region (FR) sequence has excellent chemical stability, leading to the completion of the present invention. That is, the gist of the present invention relates to the following.
- HCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2
- HCDR3 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3
- LCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4
- LCDR2 has the sequence An anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof comprising the amino acid sequence of number 5, wherein LCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
- HCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 contains the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 7 to 10
- HCDR3 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or 12
- LCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- HCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7
- HCDR3 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
- LCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4
- HCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4
- HCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4
- HCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5
- LCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13
- b-1) HCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8
- HCDR3 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
- LCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, and LCDR2 an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment
- PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof The anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to [1] or [2], which is selected from [4] a-2)
- HCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7
- HCDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
- LCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- HCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8
- HCDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
- LCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4
- LCDR2 consists of an anti-PAD4 antibody or an antibody fragment thereof consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 and LCDR3 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13;
- HCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9
- HCDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12
- LCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4
- HCDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
- LCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4
- LCDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5
- LCDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
- PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof The anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to any one of [1] to [3], which is selected from [5] a-3)
- An anti-PAD4 antibody whose heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO: 16 and whose light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO: 17 or an antibody fragment thereof, b-3)
- An anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody thereof wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO: 19 piece, c-3)
- An anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody thereof wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO:21 and d-3) an
- An anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof selected from [6] a-4) An anti-PAD4 antibody whose heavy chain variable region consists of the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO: 16 and whose light chain variable region consists of the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO: 17 or an antibody fragment thereof, b-4) An anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody thereof, wherein the heavy chain variable region consists of the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the light chain variable region consists of the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO: 19 piece, c-4) An anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody thereof, wherein the heavy chain variable region consists of the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the light chain variable region consists of the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO:21 and d-4) an anti-PAD4 antibody whose heavy chain variable region consists
- the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to [5], which is selected from [7] a-5) an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof, wherein the heavy chain consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 and the light chain consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17; b-5) an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof, wherein the heavy chain consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and the light chain consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19; c-5) an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof having a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21; and d-5) a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.
- an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof wherein the light chain consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23,
- the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to any one of [1] to [9], When the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof is stored at 40°C for 1 month, it has a binding amount of 90% or more of the PAD4 binding amount of the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof before storage. be, Anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof.
- HCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24
- HCDR3 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
- LCDR1 contains the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 , an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof
- LCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5
- LCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, An anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof, wherein the amino acid corresponding to the 84th amino acid of the heavy chain is serine.
- HCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24
- HCDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
- LCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- an anti-PAD4 antibody or an antibody fragment thereof wherein LCDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 and LCDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, The anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to [11], wherein the amino acid corresponding to the 84th amino acid of the heavy chain is serine.
- an anti-PAD4 antibody whose heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO:28 and whose light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO:27 or an antibody fragment thereof.
- the heavy chain variable region consists of the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO:28, and the light chain variable region consists of the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO:27;
- the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to [13].
- the heavy chain consists of SEQ ID NO: 28 and the light chain consists of SEQ ID NO: 27, The anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof of [13] or [14].
- the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to any one of [11] to [15], wherein cleavage during production is less than 3% of the total amount produced.
- a nucleic acid molecule comprising a base sequence encoding the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to any one of [1] to [15].
- a recombinant vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of [19].
- [21] A transformant containing the recombinant vector of [20].
- [22] A pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to any one of [1] to [18].
- the pharmaceutical composition of [22] which is a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- the pharmaceutical composition of [22] or [23] which is an inhibitor of citrullination in proteins.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody or anti-PAD4 antibody of any one of [1] to [18] for producing a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease Use of the antibody fragment thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [22]-[25].
- a joint by administering an effective amount of the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to any one of [1] to [18], or the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [22] to [25] A method for preventing or treating rheumatoid arthritis or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- the present invention provides anti-PAD4 antibodies with excellent properties, and excellent prophylactic or therapeutic methods for RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- FIG. 1 shows a method for preparing CAIA model mice and the effect of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention on arthritis in CAIA models.
- FIG. 2 shows the effect of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention on arthritis in a CIA model.
- FIG. 3 shows the effect of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention on urinary protein in a cGvHD model.
- FIG. 4 shows the effect of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention on the incidence of cGvHD model.
- neutralization refers to the ability to bind to a target of interest and inhibit any function of that target. That is, “neutralizing the activity of PAD4" means that the anti-PAD4 antibody binds to PAD4, thereby inhibiting the activity of PAD4.
- Activity of PAD4 can be assessed by one or more of several in vitro or in vivo assays known in the art.
- the activity of PAD4 is, for example, the citrullination activity of arginine in the protein, and the neutralizing activity of the anti-PAD4 antibody can be evaluated by the citrullination inhibition test described herein.
- Isolated such as an isolated anti-PAD4 antibody
- isolated anti-PAD4 antibody means identified and separated and/or recovered from a component in its natural state. Impurities in their natural state are substances that could interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the antibody, and include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or nonproteinaceous solutes.
- an anti-PAD4 antibody may be isolated by at least one purification step, and an anti-PAD4 antibody purified by at least one purification step is referred to as an "isolated anti-PAD4 antibody.” can.
- Human antibody refers to an antibody in which both light and heavy chains are derived from human immunoglobulin.
- Human antibodies include IgG (including IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) having a heavy chain of ⁇ chain, IgM having a heavy chain of ⁇ chain, and IgA having a heavy chain of ⁇ chain, depending on the constant region of the heavy chain. (including IgA1, IgA2), IgD with delta heavy chains, or IgE with epsilon heavy chains.
- the light chain includes either a ⁇ chain or a ⁇ chain.
- a humanized antibody is an antibody consisting of a variable region consisting of a complementarity-determining region of a non-human animal-derived antibody, a framework region derived from a human antibody, and a constant region derived from a human antibody.
- a chimeric antibody refers to an antibody in which a light chain, a heavy chain, or both of them consist of a non-human variable region and a human constant region.
- an anti-PAD4 antibody refers to an immunoglobulin molecule that binds to PAD4 or a modified molecule thereof.
- Modified molecules are intended to include multispecific antibodies, chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, functionally modified antibodies, and conjugated antibodies.
- Multispecific antibody is an asymmetric antibody having two or more independent antigen recognition sites with two or more different antigen specificities, bispecific antibody with two antigen specificities, three antigen specificities and trispecific antibodies having
- a function-altered antibody refers to a function other than an antigen-binding function possessed by an antibody, such as a cell-killing function, a complement-activating function, or a half-life-extending function in blood, which is modified by modifying an antibody sequence, sugar chain, or the like.
- a conjugated antibody means that a functional molecule other than an antibody such as a non-peptide polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), a radioactive substance, a toxin, a low-molecular-weight compound, a cytokine, a growth factor, albumin, an enzyme, etc. is chemically added to an antibody. Or refers to a genetically engineered antibody.
- a functional molecule other than an antibody such as a non-peptide polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), a radioactive substance, a toxin, a low-molecular-weight compound, a cytokine, a growth factor, albumin, an enzyme, etc.
- an antibody fragment means an antigen-binding fragment unless otherwise specified.
- Antibody fragments can also be referred to as antigen-binding molecules.
- An antigen-binding fragment is a protein that includes a portion of an antibody and is capable of binding to an antigen. Examples of antigen-binding fragments include F(ab') 2 , Fab', Fab, Fv (variable fragment of antibody), disulfide-bonded Fv, single-chain antibody (scFv), and polymers thereof.
- antigen-binding fragments include non-peptidic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), radioactive substances, toxins, low-molecular-weight compounds, cytokines, growth factors (TGF- ⁇ , NGF, Neurotrophin, etc.), albumin, enzymes, and other antibodies. conjugated antigen-binding fragments to which a functional molecule other than the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention is chemically or genetically engineered.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- Complementarity determining region refers to a region that forms an antigen-binding site in the variable region of an immunoglobulin molecule, and is also called a hypervariable region, and refers to a portion in which the amino acid sequence varies significantly from one immunoglobulin molecule to another. .
- the CDRs of immunoglobulin molecules are determined according to the Kabat numbering system (Kabat et al., 1987, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, USA).
- Percent (%) identity with respect to an identified reference polypeptide sequence, such as a variable region, means that the sequences are aligned, gaps are introduced if necessary to obtain maximum percent identity, and any conservative substitutions are made. It is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical to amino acid residues in a particular reference polypeptide sequence, not considered part of the sequence identity. Alignments for the purpose of determining percent identity may be performed by a variety of methods within the skill of those in the art, e.g., publicly available computer methods such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. It can be achieved by using software.
- % identity values are generated by using the sequence comparison computer program BLAST in pairwise alignments.
- sequence comparison computer program BLAST in pairwise alignments.
- percent identity of a given amino acid sequence A with a given amino acid sequence B is calculated as follows: 100 times the fraction X/Y, where X is the number of amino acid residues scored as identical by the program alignment of A and B of the sequence alignment program BLAST, and Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. is.
- “competing” with the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention means that the presence of the anti-PAD4 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof as measured by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method described herein , means that the binding between the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention and PAD4 is significantly reduced.
- SPR surface plasmon resonance
- PAD4 is generally known as an enzyme involved in citrullination of arginine in proteins. PAD4 is also known as an enzyme involved in cellular nethosis. Details such as the amino acid sequence of PAD4 can be viewed from websites such as NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) or HGNC (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee). The accession number of PAD4 described in NCBI is, for example, NP_036519.2. The amino acid sequence of PAD4 is, for example, SEQ ID NO:29. PAD4 is not limited in biological origin as long as it has PAD4 activity.
- One embodiment of the invention is a novel anti-PAD4 antibody.
- This antibody is an anti-PAD4 antibody that has superior binding properties, storage stability, and chemical stability to conventional anti-PAD4 antibodies. Although storage stability and chemical stability will be described later, they are sometimes collectively referred to as stability.
- This antibody can be used, for example, to prevent or treat RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease. Since this method of prevention or treatment uses an antibody, it has few side effects and is excellent from the viewpoint of safety.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody according to one embodiment of the present invention may be an antibody that suppresses protein citrullination activity by PAD4.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody according to one embodiment of the present invention may be an antibody that suppresses netosis in cells.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody according to one embodiment of the present invention has excellent binding properties with PAD4.
- the binding of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention to PAD4 means PAD4-specific binding, but it is more preferable that the dissociation constant (KD) for PAD4 (preferably human PAD4) is low. It is more preferably 90 pM or less, still more preferably 80 pM or less, and the lower limit is not particularly limited.
- a dissociation constant (KD) is, for example, a value measured by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method described herein.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody neutralizes the anti-PAD4 antibody activity of PAD4.
- the neutralizing activity of an anti-PAD4 antibody can be evaluated, for example, by a citrullination inhibition test shown in Examples below. Addition of anti-PAD4 antibody inhibits citrullination by PAD4.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention can neutralize the citrullination activity of PAD4 by 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, most preferably 90% or more.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody according to one embodiment of the present invention has excellent storage (storage) stability. Storage stability can be evaluated by the decrease in binding to PAD4 after storage for a certain period of time. It can be measured by binding activity measurement.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody according to one embodiment of the present invention for example, when stored at 40 ° C. for 1 month, compared to the PAD4 binding amount of the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof before storage, 90%, 93 %, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97% or more of PAD4 binding.
- binding site for the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention to bind to PAD4 is not particularly limited, for example, it preferably binds to epitopes including positions 345, 347, and 348 of PAD4 (eg, SEQ ID NO: 29).
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention is a monoclonal antibody obtained by immunizing a mammal such as a mouse or a chicken with PAD4 or a partial fragment thereof as an antigen to prepare a hybridoma, and is produced using genetic recombination technology.
- human antibodies produced using human antibody-producing transgenic animals and the like. It also includes antibodies obtained by affinity maturation of the antibodies obtained above.
- the parent antibody can use G8, described below.
- the antigen can be used for immunization as it is, or can be used as a complex with a carrier protein.
- Condensing agents such as glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, and maleimide active esters can be used to prepare antigen-carrier protein complexes.
- Carrier proteins are exemplified by bovine serum albumin, thyroglobulin, hemocyanin, KLH and the like.
- Animals to be immunized include mammals such as mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, goats, horses and cows, and chickens. mentioned. It may be administered by mixing with complete Freund's adjuvant or incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and administration is usually carried out once every 2 to 5 weeks.
- Antibody-producing cells obtained from the spleen or lymph node of the immunized animal are fused with myeloma cells and isolated as hybridomas.
- myeloma cells those derived from animals such as mice, rats, humans and chickens are used.
- a monoclonal antibody can be specifically obtained as follows. That is, the above-mentioned antigen is used as an immunogen, and the immunogen is injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, into the footpad, or into the peritoneal cavity of the above-described animal, optionally together with Freund's Adjuvant. Immunization is given by one to several injections or by implantation. Generally, 1 to 4 immunizations are performed approximately every 1 to 14 days after the initial immunization, and antibody-producing cells are obtained from the immunized animal approximately 1 to 5 days after the final immunization.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be obtained using methods well known to those skilled in the art (e.g. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (John Wiley & Sons (1987)), Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Ed. Harlow and David Lane, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1988)).
- Hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies can be prepared according to the method of Koehler and Milstein et al. (Nature, 256, 495, 1975) and modification methods based thereon. Specifically, it is prepared by fusing antibody-producing cells contained in the spleen or the like obtained from an immunized animal with myeloma cells derived from an animal, preferably a mouse, rat, chicken or human and incapable of producing autoantibodies. be done.
- Myeloma cells used for cell fusion include, for example, mouse-derived myeloma P3/X63-AG8.653 (653), P3/NSI/1-Ag4-1 (NS-1), P3/X63-Ag8. U1 (P3U1), SP2/0-Ag14 (Sp2/O, Sp2), PAI, F0 or BW5147, rat-derived myeloma 210RCY3-Ag. 2.3. , human-derived myeloma U-266AR1, GM1500-6TG-A1-2, UC729-6, CEM-AGR, D1R11, CEM-T15 and the like can be used.
- the fusion promoter examples include polyethylene glycol and the like.
- polyethylene glycol average molecular weight: 1000 to 4000
- concentration of about 20 to 50% is used at a temperature of 20 to 40°C, preferably 30 to 37°C.
- Cell fusion can be carried out by reacting for about 1 to 10 minutes at a ratio of the number of antibody-producing cells to the number of myeloma cells, which is usually about 1:1 to 10:1.
- Screening for hybridoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies can be carried out by culturing the hybridomas in, for example, a microtiter plate and measuring the reactivity of the culture supernatant in the wells against the immunogen by an immunochemical method such as ELISA. can.
- Clones can be obtained by further cloning from wells containing hybridomas that produce the antibody of interest by the limiting dilution method. Selection and breeding of hybridomas are usually performed in an animal cell medium containing 10 to 20% fetal bovine serum with the addition of HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine).
- HAT hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine
- Monoclonal antibodies can be produced from hybridomas by culturing the hybridomas in vitro or growing them in vivo in the ascites fluid of animals such as mice, rats and chickens, and then isolating them from the resulting culture supernatant or the ascites fluid of the animals. It can be done by
- a nutrient medium suitable for growing, maintaining and preserving hybridomas and producing monoclonal antibodies in the culture supernatant according to various conditions such as the characteristics of the cell type to be cultured and the culture method. can be used.
- the basal medium examples include low-calcium media such as Ham'F12 medium, MCDB153 medium and low-calcium MEM medium, and high-calcium media such as MCDB104 medium, MEM medium, D-MEM medium, RPMI1640 medium, ASF104 medium and RD medium. and the basal medium can contain, for example, serum, hormones, cytokines and/or various inorganic or organic substances, depending on the purpose.
- Isolation and purification of monoclonal antibodies are carried out by subjecting the above-mentioned culture supernatant or ascites to saturated ammonium sulfate, euglobulin precipitation, caproic acid method, caprylic acid method, ion exchange chromatography (DEAE or DE52, etc.), anti-immunoglobulin column or It can be carried out, for example, by subjecting it to affinity column chromatography using a protein A column or the like.
- purification of monoclonal antibodies may be performed by known methods for purifying immunoglobulins, such as ammonium sulfate fractionation, PEG fractionation, ethanol fractionation, use of anion exchangers, and PAD4 can be easily achieved by means such as affinity chromatography using
- Monoclonal antibodies can also be obtained by the phage display method.
- phages selected from an arbitrary phage antibody library are screened using a target immunogen to select phages having desired binding properties to the immunogen.
- Antibody-corresponding sequences contained within the phage are then isolated or sequenced, and based on the isolated sequence or the determined sequence information, an expression vector containing a nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen-binding domain is constructed.
- Monoclonal antibodies can then be produced by culturing cell lines transfected with such expression vectors.
- a human antibody library as the phage antibody library, human antibodies with desired binding properties can be generated.
- a preferred embodiment of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention includes a chimeric antibody.
- the "chimeric antibody” is a chimeric antibody in which the variable region is a non-human animal (mouse, rat, hamster, chicken, etc.) immunoglobulin-derived variable region and the constant region is a human immunoglobulin-derived constant region. exemplified. For example, it can be produced by immunizing a mouse with an antigen, excising the variable region that binds to the antigen from the mouse monoclonal antibody gene, and combining it with the antibody constant region derived from human bone marrow.
- Constant regions derived from human immunoglobulins have unique amino acid sequences according to isotypes such as IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4), IgM, IgA (IgA1, IgA2), IgD and IgE, but the recombination in the present invention
- the constant region of the chimeric antibody may be the constant region of human immunoglobulin belonging to any isotype. Preferably, it is the constant region of human IgG.
- An expression vector can be prepared using the gene of the chimeric antibody thus prepared.
- a chimeric antibody-producing transformant cell is obtained by transforming a host cell with the expression vector, and the chimeric antibody of interest is obtained from the culture supernatant by culturing the transformant cell.
- a “humanized antibody” in the present invention is an antibody in which only the DNA sequence of the antigen binding site (CDR; complementarity determining region) of a non-human animal antibody such as a mouse is transplanted (CDR grafting) into a human antibody gene.
- CDR antigen binding site
- it can be produced by referring to the methods described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-506458 and Japanese Patent No. 2912618.
- some or all of the CDRs are CDRs derived from monoclonal antibodies of non-human animals (mouse, rat, hamster, chicken, etc.), and the framework regions of the variable regions are variable derived from human immunoglobulins. It refers to a humanized antibody characterized in that it is the framework region of the region and its constant regions are those derived from human immunoglobulin.
- a humanized antibody in the present invention can be produced, for example, as follows. However, it goes without saying that the manufacturing method is not limited to such a method.
- Amino acid residues in the human FR region may be substituted with the corresponding residue from the CDR donor antibody to alter or improve antigen binding.
- This FR substitution can be performed by methods well known in the art (Riechmann et al., Nature. 1988 Mar 24;332(6162):323-327.).
- FR residues important for antigen binding may be identified by modeling the interaction of CDRs and FR residues.
- sequence comparison may identify aberrant FR residues at particular positions.
- it may be humanized by the method described in Nishibori et al., Mol Immunol. 2006 Feb;43(6): 634-42.
- the human heavy chain gene grafted with the DNA of the isolated mouse heavy chain CDR region is introduced into an appropriate expression vector so that it can be expressed, and similarly the human light chain gene grafted with the DNA of the mouse light chain CDR region can be expressed. into another suitable expression vector such as Alternatively, mouse CDR-grafted human heavy and light chain genes can be introduced into the same expression vector so that they can be expressed.
- a humanized antibody-producing transformed cell is obtained by transforming a host cell with an expression vector thus constructed, and the desired humanized antibody is obtained from the culture supernatant by culturing the transformed cell.
- a human antibody is an immunoglobulin in which all regions, including the variable region of the heavy chain, the constant region of the heavy chain, the variable region of the light chain and the constant region of the light chain, which constitute an immunoglobulin, are derived from a gene encoding a human immunoglobulin.
- Antibodies in the form of globulin can be produced by introducing human antibody genes into mice.
- the above-mentioned monoclonal It can be produced in the same manner as the antibody production method.
- transgenic mice that produce human antibodies are described in Nature Genetics, Vol.7, p.13-21, 1994; Nature Genetics, Vol.15, p.146-156, 1997; ; PCT Publication No. 7-509137; International Publication No. 94/25585; Nature, Vol.368, p.856-859, 1994; be able to. More specific examples include HuMab (registered trademark) mouse (Medarex, Princeton NJ), KMTM mouse (Kirin Pharma Company, Japan), KM (FC ⁇ RIIb-KO) mouse and the like.
- HCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7
- HCDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
- LCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4
- LCDR2 consists of SEQ ID NO: an anti-PAD4 antibody consisting of an amino acid sequence of 5 and LCDR3 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13
- HCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1
- HCDR2 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8
- HCDR3 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
- LCDR1 consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4
- LCDR2 consists of SEQ ID NO: an anti-PAD4 antibody consisting of an amino acid sequence of 5 and LCDR3 consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
- the antibodies described in a) to d) have significantly improved binding affinity to PAD4, and the antibodies described in a) to d) have improved storage stability of the binding activity to PAD4.
- the antibody described in e) above has suppressed cleavage and significantly improved chemical stability, and the antibody described in a) to d) above has a high It has chemical stability.
- amino acid sequences described in a) to e) above are the antibodies 2-1-47, 3-1-39, 3-2-37, 4-2-25, and G8ss described in Examples below. corresponding to the amino acid sequence of each CDR possessed. That is, the amino acid sequences of heavy chain CDR1, 2, 3 and light chain CDR1, 2, and 3 of 2-1-47 are SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the amino acid sequences of heavy chain CDRs 1, 2, 3 and light chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3 of 3-1-39 are SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and SEQ ID NO: 5, respectively. It is the amino acid sequence shown by number 13.
- the amino acid sequences of heavy chain CDR1, 2, 3 and light chain CDR1, 2, and 3 of 3-2-37 are SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and SEQ ID NO: 5, respectively. It is the amino acid sequence shown by number 14.
- the amino acid sequences of heavy chain CDRs 1, 2, 3 and light chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3 of 4-2-25 are SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and SEQ ID NO: 5, respectively. It is the amino acid sequence shown by number 15.
- the amino acid sequences of heavy chain CDRs 1, 2, 3 and light chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3 of G8ss are shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and SEQ ID NO: 25, respectively. is an amino acid sequence that can be
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of a) above has the ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and even more preferably 80 pM or less), and inhibits the citrullination activity of PAD4.
- SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 as the amino acid sequences of heavy chain CDRs 1, 2, 3 and light chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3, respectively, as long as the property of combining is maintained , and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of b) above has the ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and even more preferably 80 pM or less), and inhibits the citrullination activity of PAD4.
- SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 as the amino acid sequences of heavy chain CDRs 1, 2, 3 and light chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3, respectively, as long as the property of combining is maintained , and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of c) above has the ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and even more preferably 80 pM or less), and inhibits the citrullination activity of PAD4.
- SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 as the amino acid sequences of the heavy chain CDRs 1, 2, 3 and the light chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3, respectively, as long as the property of combining is maintained , and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of d) above has the ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and even more preferably 80 pM or less), and inhibits the citrullination activity of PAD4.
- the amino acid sequences of heavy chain CDRs 1, 2, 3 and light chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3 are SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, respectively, as long as the property of combining is maintained. , and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of e) above has the ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and even more preferably 80 pM or less), and inhibits the citrullination activity of PAD4.
- SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 as the amino acid sequences of heavy chain CDRs 1, 2, 3 and light chain CDRs 1, 2, and 3, respectively, as long as the property of combining is maintained , and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:25.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody has an ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and even more preferably 80 pM or less), and citrulline of PAD4 Heavy chain CDR1 may contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and heavy chain CDR2 may contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, as long as the property of neutralizing quenching activity is maintained.
- heavy chain CDR3 may contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3
- light chain CDR1 may contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4
- light chain CDR2 may contain the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:5
- the light chain CDR3 may contain the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:6.
- the amino acid at position 11 is Tyr, Thr or Ile
- the amino acid at position 12 is Gly, Ser or Pro
- the amino acid at position 13 is Thr, Val, Tyr or Pro
- the amino acid at position 14 is Pro or Asn
- the amino acid at position 15 is Tyr, Ala, Gln or Leu
- the amino acid at position 17 is Gly, Thr or Ser
- the amino acids at each position are as described above. including amino acid sequences that are any combination of amino acids selected from
- the amino acid at position 1 is Ala or Gly, and specifically includes the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 11 and 12.
- the amino acid at position 4 is Thr, Leu or Tyr, and specifically includes the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 13, 14 and 15.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody has an ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and even more preferably 80 pM or less), and citrulline of PAD4
- Heavy chain CDR1 may contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1
- heavy chain CDR2 may contain the amino acid shown in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 7 to 10, as long as the property of neutralizing quenching activity is maintained.
- the heavy chain CDR3 may contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or 12
- the light chain CDR1 may contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
- the light chain CDR2 may contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5
- the light chain CDR3 may contain the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 15. .
- the anti-antioxidant of the present invention that has binding ability to PAD4 (preferably has a KD value for PAD4 of 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and even more preferably 80 pM or less) and neutralizes the citrullination activity of PAD4.
- One to several amino acids may be substituted in one or more of these CDRs as long as the properties of the PAD4 antibody are maintained.
- one to several is, for example, one, two, or three.
- the amino acid substitutions are preferably conservative substitutions in order to maintain the characteristics of the present invention.
- conservative substitution means replacing an amino acid residue with another, chemically similar amino acid residue that does not substantially alter the activity of the peptide.
- substitutions include non-polar (hydrophobic) amino acids such as alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, and the like.
- Polar (neutral) amino acids include glycine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, glutamine, asparagine, cysteine and the like.
- positively charged (basic) amino acids include arginine, histidine, and lysine.
- Maintaining the properties of the antibody means that these properties are maintained at the same level as before the modification of the CDR amino acid sequence, for example, 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more. Say. Note that maintenance also includes improvement.
- Regions other than CDRs are not particularly limited as long as they maintain the structure of an antibody and can exhibit its functions. may be either a chimeric sequence or an artificial sequence.
- the amino acid sequences of the heavy and light chain constant regions are given in Nucleic Acids Research vol.14, p1779, 1986, The Journal of Biological Chemistry vol.257, p1516, 1982 and Cell vol.22, Examples include those described on p197, 1980.
- the amino acid (usually asparagine) corresponding to the 84th amino acid of the antibody heavy chain is replaced by serine.
- corresponding amino acid refers to an amino acid (usually asparagine) present at the position of asparagine, which is the 84th amino acid of SEQ ID NO:26 when the target amino acid sequence is aligned with SEQ ID NO:26.
- Such an anti-PAD4 antibody of one embodiment of the present invention is excellent in antibody chemical stability, specifically in suppression of cleavage that occurs during production.
- Suppression of cleavage can be evaluated by reducing the amount of antibody cleaved between the 84th asparagine residue and the 85th serine residue of the heavy chain by peptide mapping. It can be evaluated by measuring the amount of the cleaved peptide by the method described in 1.
- humanized antibodies derived from humans other than CDRs are also exemplified.
- Such humanized antibodies include: a) Anti-PAD4 in which the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region consist of or comprise the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO: 16 and the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO: 17, respectively.
- antibody b) Anti-PAD4 in which the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region consist of or comprise the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO: 18 and the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO: 19, respectively.
- Anti-PAD4 in which the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region consist of or comprise the amino acid sequences of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO:20 and the amino acid sequences of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO:21, respectively.
- Anti-PAD4 in which the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region consist of or comprise the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO:22 and the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO:23, respectively antibody
- Anti-PAD4 in which the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region consist of or comprise the amino acid sequences of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO:26 and the amino acid sequences of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO:27, respectively.
- antibody One or more antibodies selected from the group consisting of are exemplified.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody is a) an anti-PAD4 antibody in which the heavy and light chains consist of or comprise the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 16 and 17, respectively; b) an anti-PAD4 antibody in which the heavy and light chains consist of or comprise the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 18 and 19, respectively; c) an anti-PAD4 antibody in which the heavy and light chains consist of or comprise the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 20 and 21, respectively; d) an anti-PAD4 antibody whose heavy and light chains consist of or comprise the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 22 and 23, respectively; and e) an anti-PAD4 antibody in which the heavy and light chains consist of or comprise the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 26 and 27, respectively; It may be one or more antibodies selected from the group consisting of.
- the ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, even more preferably 80 pM or less), and substitution or deletion of one or several amino acids (1 to 20, 1 to 10 or 1 to 5) as long as the property of neutralizing the citrullination activity of PAD4 is maintained.
- substitutions, deletions, and additions may be introduced into CDRs, but are preferably introduced into regions other than CDRs.
- the amino acid substitutions are preferably conservative substitutions in order to maintain the properties of the present invention.
- the amino acid sequence of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention containing substitutions, deletions, etc. in the heavy chain variable region and / or light chain variable region is such that the heavy chain variable region is amino acid sequence, amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO: 18, amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO: 20, amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 120 of SEQ ID NO: 22, or amino acid numbers 1 to 1 of SEQ ID NO: 26 120 amino acid sequence having 90% or more (more preferably 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more) identity, and the light chain variable region is SEQ ID NO: 17 amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105, amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO: 19, amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO: 21, amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1 to 105 of SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO It may be an amino acid sequence having 90% or more (more preferably 95%, 96%,
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention also has the ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and even more preferably 80 pM or less), and inhibits the citrullination activity of PAD4.
- the anti-PAD4 antibodies of the present invention include multispecific antibodies, function-modified antibodies, and conjugated antibodies having CDRs consisting of the above specific amino acid sequences or variable regions consisting of the above specific amino acid sequences.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention can be used to prepare a multispecific antibody such as a bispecific antibody by binding an antibody having antigen-binding specificity other than PAD4 to itself by genetic engineering techniques.
- the genetic engineering technique has already been established in this field.
- DVD-Ig (Wu et al., Nature Biotechnology 25 (11), 1290 (2007)) in which variable regions are linked in series, or two types of antibodies that bind to different antigens by modifying the Fc region of the antibody
- a desired bispecific antibody can be obtained by using ART-Ig technology (Kitazawa et al., Nature Medicine 18(10), 1570(2012)) in which the heavy chains of are combined.
- Modified molecules of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention include functionally modified antibodies.
- Function-altered antibodies refer to antibodies whose functions, such as cell-killing function, complement-activating function, and half-life-extending function in blood, have been modified by modifying the antibody sequence, sugar chain, etc. (Kenya Shitara, Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2009, Vol.129(1), p3; Akiko Ishii et al., Japanese Pharmacological Journal, 2010, Vol.136(5), p280; Shuhei Hashiguchi, Seikagaku, 2010, Vol.82(8), p710) .
- a functionally modified anti-PAD4 antibody is prepared by the following method.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention is produced using CHO cells in which the ⁇ 1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) gene has been disrupted as host cells, the fucose content of the sugar chain is reduced and the cell-killing function is enhanced. is obtained, and when FUT8 gene-introduced CHO cells are produced as host cells, antibodies with low cell-killing function can be obtained (WO 2005/035586, WO 2002/31140, WO 00/61739 issue). Alteration of amino acid residues in the Fc region can also modulate complement activation function (US Pat. No. 6,737,056, US Pat. No.
- a conjugated antibody can be mentioned as a modified molecule of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention.
- Conjugated antibodies include anti-PAD4 antibodies of the present invention such as non-peptidic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), radioactive substances, toxins, low-molecular-weight compounds, cytokines, growth factors, albumin, enzymes, and other antibodies.
- Conjugated antibodies in which functional molecules other than antibodies are chemically or genetically engineered are included.
- PEG When PEG is attached as a functional molecule, it may be a commonly used one, and may be linear or branched. PEG can be attached to, for example, an amino group of an antibody by using an NHS active group.
- radioactive substances When radioactive substances are used as functional molecules, 131 I, 125 I, 90 Y, 64 Cu, 99 Tc, 77 Lu, 211 At or the like is used.
- a radioactive substance can be directly conjugated to an antibody by the Curamin-T method or the like.
- luciferase e.g. firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase; US Pat. No. 4,737,456
- malate dehydrogenase e.g. urease, peroxidase
- horseradish peroxidase (HRPO)), alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -galactosidase , glucoamylase, lysozyme, saccharide oxidase (eg, glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), heterocyclic oxidase (eg, uricase and xanthine oxidase), lactoperoxidase, microperoxidase, and the like are used.
- HRPO horseradish peroxidase
- alkaline phosphatase eg, alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -galactosidase , glucoamylase, lysozyme
- saccharide oxidase eg, glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- heterocyclic oxidase
- Linkers used for chemically binding toxins, low-molecular-weight compounds or enzymes include divalent radicals (eg, alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene), -(CR 2 )nO(CR 2 )n- (where R is any substituent, n is a positive integer), alkoxy repeating units (e.g., polyethyleneoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy, etc.) and alkylamino (e.g., polyethyleneamino, JeffamineTM), and diacid esters and amides, including succinates, succinamides, diglycolates, malonates and caproamides.
- divalent radicals eg, alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene
- -(CR 2 )nO(CR 2 )n- where R is any substituent, n is a positive integer
- alkoxy repeating units e.g., polyethyleneoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy, etc.
- alkylamino e.g., polyethylene
- antigen-binding fragments include non-peptidic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), radioactive substances, Functional molecules other than the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention, such as toxins, low-molecular-weight compounds, cytokines, growth factors (TGF- ⁇ , NGF, Neurotrophin, etc.), albumin, enzymes, and other antibodies, are chemically or genetically engineered. Included are conjugated antigen-binding fragments.
- F(ab′) 2 ” and “Fab” are produced by treating immunoglobulin with a protease such as pepsin or papain, and are formed between two heavy chains in the hinge region. It refers to antibody fragments produced by digestion before and after disulfide bonds that are present.
- a light chain consisting of VL (light chain variable region) and CL (light chain constant region) is cleaved upstream of the disulfide bond existing between the two heavy chains in the hinge region, and a heavy chain fragment consisting of VH (heavy chain variable region) and CH ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ 1 region in heavy chain constant region) linked by a disulfide bond at the C-terminal region to produce two homologous antibody fragments.
- VL light chain variable region
- CL light chain constant region
- Modified molecules of the antigen-binding fragment of the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention include conjugated antigen-binding fragments.
- Conjugated antigen-binding fragments include non-peptidic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), radioactive substances, toxins, low-molecular-weight compounds, cytokines, growth factors, albumin, enzymes, etc. , conjugated antigen-binding fragments chemically or genetically engineered with functional molecules other than the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention, such as other antibodies.
- PEG When PEG is attached as a functional molecule, it may be a commonly used one, and may be linear or branched. PEG can be attached to the amino group or the like of the anti-PAD4 antibody by using, for example, an NHS active group.
- radioactive substances When radioactive substances are used as functional molecules, 131 I, 125 I, 90 Y, 64 Cu, 99 Tc, 77 Lu, 211 At or the like is used. A radioactive substance can be directly bound to a partial region of the anti-PAD4 antibody having antigen-binding properties by the kuramin T method or the like.
- luciferase e.g. firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase; US Pat. No. 4,737,456
- malate dehydrogenase e.g. urease, peroxidase
- horseradish peroxidase (HRPO)), alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -galactosidase , glucoamylase, lysozyme, saccharide oxidase (eg, glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), heterocyclic oxidase (eg, uricase and xanthine oxidase), lactoperoxidase, microperoxidase, and the like are used.
- HRPO horseradish peroxidase
- alkaline phosphatase eg, alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -galactosidase , glucoamylase, lysozyme
- saccharide oxidase eg, glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- heterocyclic oxidase
- Linkers used for chemically binding toxins, low-molecular-weight compounds or enzymes include divalent radicals (eg, alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene), -(CR 2 )nO(CR 2 )n- (where R is any substituent, n is a positive integer), alkoxy repeating units (e.g., polyethyleneoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy, etc.) and alkylamino (e.g., polyethyleneamino, JeffamineTM), and diacid esters and amides, including succinates, succinamides, diglycolates, malonates and caproamides.
- divalent radicals eg, alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene
- -(CR 2 )nO(CR 2 )n- where R is any substituent, n is a positive integer
- alkoxy repeating units e.g., polyethyleneoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy, etc.
- alkylamino e.g., polyethylene
- the anti-PAD4 antibody comprising a CDR or variable region having a specific amino acid sequence of the present invention has a constant region of human IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) because it is desired to maintain a long blood half-life.
- IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 a constant region of human IgG
- the anti-PAD4 antibody and antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention have the ability to bind to PAD4 (preferably, the KD value for PAD4 is 100 pM or less, more preferably 90 pM or less, and still more preferably 80 pM or less). Also included are anti-PAD4 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof that compete for binding to PAD4 with antibodies having specific CDR amino acid sequences as described above, as long as the property of neutralizing citrullination activity is maintained. Antibodies that compete with PAD4 binding to antibodies having the above specific CDR amino acid sequences include antibodies having epitopes in the regions containing positions 345, 347 and 348 of PAD4. However, G8 antibody is not included.
- the antibody can be obtained (screened) or evaluated by allowing the antibody having the CDR sequence as described above to coexist with PAD4 in a binding system.
- it can be obtained by screening by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method described in WO2016/175236.
- SPR surface plasmon resonance
- the anti-PAD4 antibody that competes for binding to PAD4 with respect to the anti-PAD4 antibody containing the amino acid sequence of the above-mentioned specific CDR is any mouse antibody, human antibody, rat antibody, rabbit antibody, goat antibody, camel antibody, etc. It may be an antibody derived from an animal, or it may be a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody that is a combination of these antibodies, but it is preferably a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, or a human antibody.
- the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof in the present invention is produced, for example, using a transformant (host) cell containing a recombinant vector containing the following nucleic acid molecule encoding the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof of the present invention. be able to.
- nucleic acid molecule that is a polynucleotide encoding an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof of the invention.
- Any nucleic acid molecule that encodes a polypeptide containing the CDRs, variable regions, or full-length amino acid sequence described above is not particularly limited, but examples include: a) the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1-120 of SEQ ID NO: 16 and the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1-105 of SEQ ID NO: 17, which are the heavy and light chain variable regions; b) the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1-120 of SEQ ID NO: 18 and the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1-105 of SEQ ID NO: 19, which are the heavy and light chain variable regions; c) the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1-120 of SEQ ID NO:20 and the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1-105 of SEQ ID NO:21, which are the heavy and light chain variable regions; d) the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers 1-120 of SEQ ID NO: 16 and the amino acid sequence of amino acid numbers
- nucleic acid molecules of the invention include: a) the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 16 and 17, which are heavy and light chains; b) the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 18 and 19, which are heavy and light chains; c) the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 20 and 21, which are the heavy and light chains; d) the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 22 and 23, which are the heavy and light chains, and e) Polynucleotides comprising base sequences encoding the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 28 and 27, which are heavy and light chains, respectively.
- nucleic acid molecules of the invention include: A polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 32, which is the full-length heavy chain of the anti-PAD4 antibody, and the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 33, which is the full-length light chain of the anti-PAD4 antibody; A polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 34, which is the full-length heavy chain of the anti-PAD4 antibody, and the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 35, which is the full-length light chain of the anti-PAD4 antibody; A polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 36, which is the full-length heavy chain of the anti-PAD4 antibody, and the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 37, which is the full-length light chain of the anti-PAD4 antibody; A polynucleotide comprising the
- the nucleic acid molecule of the present invention encodes a monoclonal antibody capable of binding to PAD4 and neutralizing the citrullination activity of PAD4, the complementary strand DNA of the base sequence of the heavy chain variable region or light chain variable region is and a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions.
- stringent conditions include, for example, Southern hybridization followed by washing at 68° C., 0.1 ⁇ SSC, and a salt concentration corresponding to 0.1% SDS.
- the nucleic acid molecule of the present invention may encode all of the heavy and light chain constant regions and variable regions, or may encode only the heavy and light chain variable regions. Nucleotide sequences of heavy and light chain constant regions when encoding all of the constant region and variable region are described in Nucleic Acids Research vol.14, p1779, 1986, The Journal of Biological Chemistry vol.257, p1516, 1982 and Cell Those described in vol.22, p197, 1980 are preferred.
- SEQ ID NOs: 30 and 31 show the nucleotide sequences encoding the full-length heavy and light chains of the humanized anti-PAD4 antibody G8 described in International Publication No. 2016/143753. For example, by modifying this base sequence, it is possible to obtain a nucleic acid molecule encoding the anti-PAD4 antibody of the present invention or an antibody fragment thereof.
- the nucleic acid molecule of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by the following method.
- total RNA is prepared from cells such as hybridoma using a commercially available RNA extraction kit, and cDNA is synthesized by reverse transcriptase using random primers and the like.
- cDNA encoding the antibody is amplified by PCR using oligonucleotides with conserved sequences as primers in the variable regions of known human antibody heavy chain genes and light chain genes. Sequences encoding constant regions can be obtained by amplifying known sequences by PCR.
- the base sequence of DNA can be determined by a conventional method, such as by incorporating it into a plasmid for sequencing.
- the DNA encoding the monoclonal antibody of the present invention can also be obtained by chemically synthesizing the variable region or a partial sequence thereof and binding it to a sequence containing the constant region.
- the present invention also provides a recombinant vector containing the nucleic acid molecule of the present invention and a transformant (host cell) containing the recombinant vector.
- Recombinant vectors may be vectors capable of expression in prokaryotic cells such as Echerichia coli (e.g., pBR322, pUC119, or derivatives thereof), but vectors capable of expression in eukaryotic cells are preferred. More preferred are vectors that are expressible in cells of mammalian origin.
- vectors that can be expressed in mammalian-derived cells include plasmid vectors such as pcDNA3.1 (manufactured by Invitrogen), pConPlus, pcDM8, pcDNA I/Amp, pcDNA3.1, pREP4, pDON-AI DNA (Takara Bio Inc.) and other viral vectors can be mentioned.
- plasmid vectors such as pcDNA3.1 (manufactured by Invitrogen), pConPlus, pcDM8, pcDNA I/Amp, pcDNA3.1, pREP4, pDON-AI DNA (Takara Bio Inc.) and other viral vectors can be mentioned.
- pcDNA3.1 manufactured by Invitrogen
- pConPlus pcDM8
- pcDNA I/Amp pcDNA3.1
- pREP4 pDON-AI DNA
- a transformant into which the recombinant vector of the present invention is introduced may be a prokaryotic cell such as Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis, but is preferably a eukaryotic cell, more preferably a cell derived from a mammal.
- Cells derived from mammals include, for example, Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells), COS, myeloma, BHK, HeLa, Vero, 293, NS0, Namalwa, YB2/0 and the like.
- Anti-PAD4 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof obtained by the methods described in the specification or known methods can be purified to homogeneity. Separation and purification of antibodies and the like may be carried out using separation and purification methods commonly used for proteins. For example, antibodies can be separated and purified by appropriately selecting and combining chromatography columns such as affinity chromatography, filters, ultrafiltration, salting out, dialysis, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and the like. (Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual. Ed Harlow and David Lane, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1988), but is not limited to these. Columns used for affinity chromatography include protein A columns, protein G columns, anti-immunoglobulin antibody binding columns, antigen binding columns and the like. For example, as a protein A column, Hyper D, POROS, Sepharose F.; F. (Amersham Biosciences) and the like.
- compositions comprising the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above embodiments of the present invention.
- PAD4 can be efficiently detected.
- citrullination of proteins by PAD4 can be efficiently suppressed. It can also efficiently suppress netosis in cells.
- RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease can be prevented or treated.
- the components contained in this composition are not particularly limited as long as they contain an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment according to an embodiment of the present invention, and may contain, for example, a buffer solution.
- One or more of the various embodiments of the inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions described below may be applied to this composition.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an inhibitor of citrullination of protein by PAD4, comprising the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above embodiment of the present invention.
- citrullination of proteins by PAD4 can be efficiently inhibited.
- the reduction in citrullination activity by the inhibitor may be 20, 30, 40, 60, 80% or more, or within any two of these values.
- This rate of decrease may be expressed as a relative percentage when the rate of decrease when using PBS is set to 0%, for example.
- "agent" includes, for example, compositions used in research or therapy.
- the above inhibitors include, for example, prophylactic or therapeutic agents for RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- the above inhibitors can be used, for example, in vitro or in vivo.
- the inhibitor may comprise a composition according to embodiments of the invention described above.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a method for inhibiting protein citrullination by PAD4, comprising the step of contacting the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above embodiment of the present invention with PAD4.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a method for inhibiting protein citrullination by PAD4, comprising the step of administering to a patient the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above embodiment of the present invention.
- the methods of inhibition include methods of inhibition performed for research or therapy.
- One embodiment of the present invention is the use of the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above-described embodiments of the present invention for producing an inhibitor of PAD4-mediated protein citrullination.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an inhibitor of netosis in cells, comprising the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above embodiment of the present invention.
- PAD4-induced netosis in cells can be efficiently suppressed.
- the rate of reduction of netotic activity in cells by the inhibitor may be 20, 30, 40, 60, 80% or more, or within any two of these values. This rate of decrease may be expressed as a relative percentage when the rate of decrease when using PBS is set to 0%, for example.
- "agent" includes, for example, compositions used in research or therapy.
- the above inhibitors include, for example, prophylactic or therapeutic agents for RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- the above inhibitors can be used, for example, in vitro or in vivo.
- the inhibitor may comprise a composition according to embodiments of the invention described above.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a method for inhibiting netosis in cells, comprising the step of contacting the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above embodiment of the present invention with PAD4.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a method for inhibiting netosis in cells, comprising the step of administering to a patient the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above embodiment of the present invention.
- the methods of inhibition include methods of inhibition performed for research or therapy.
- One embodiment of the present invention is the use of the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above embodiments of the present invention for producing a netosis inhibitor in cells.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof according to the above embodiments of the present invention.
- This pharmaceutical composition can be used to prevent, treat, or prevent recurrence of RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- the pharmaceutical composition may contain one or more pharmacologically acceptable carriers.
- the pharmaceutical composition is, for example, a pharmaceutical composition for treating RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease; Includes prophylactic pharmaceutical compositions.
- the pharmaceutical composition may comprise a composition according to the embodiments of the invention described above.
- One embodiment of the present invention comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof) according to the above embodiments of the present invention.
- a method for preventing, treating or preventing recurrence of a disease include, for example, RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides the anti-PAD4 antibody according to the above-described embodiments of the present invention or anti-PAD4 antibody thereof for preventing, treating or preventing recurrence of RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to the above-described embodiments of the present invention for producing prophylactic, therapeutic or preventive recurrence of RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- the "agent” may be a pharmaceutical composition containing an active ingredient and one or more pharmacologically acceptable carriers.
- the "pharmaceutical composition” may be produced by mixing the active ingredient and the above-mentioned carrier, for example, by any method known in the technical field of pharmaceutical science.
- the pharmaceutical composition is not limited in usage form as long as it is used for prevention or treatment, and may be an active ingredient alone or a mixture of an active ingredient and an optional ingredient.
- the therapeutic or/and preventive effect of the pharmaceutical composition on RA is, for example, arthritis score, RA score, swelling width, diagnostic imaging, modified Total Sharp score, Disease Activity Score (DAS), prepared by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) It may be evaluated by ACR20, ACR50, ACR70 or disease markers, which represent the achievement rate of rheumatoid arthritis activity evaluation criteria.
- ACR Disease Activity Score
- ACR20, ACR50, ACR70 or disease markers which represent the achievement rate of rheumatoid arthritis activity evaluation criteria.
- the patient's arthritis score during administration of the pharmaceutical composition is significantly reduced compared to the patient's arthritis score during administration of the negative control substance, it may be determined that there is a therapeutic or/and preventive effect.
- the reduction may be, for example, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 point or less, or within any two of those values.
- the graph area of the patient's arthritis score during administration of the pharmaceutical composition is significantly reduced compared to the graph area of the arthritis score during non-administration, it may be determined that there is a therapeutic or/and preventive effect.
- the arthritis score graph area of the patient upon administration of the pharmaceutical composition is significantly reduced compared to the arthritis score graph area of the patient upon administration of the negative control substance, it is judged that there is a therapeutic or/and preventive effect.
- the reduction may be, for example, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10% or less, or within any two of these values.
- the therapeutic and/or preventive effects of the pharmaceutical composition on systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis are determined, for example, by damages in each organ, urine protein amount, urine protein score, survival rate, pathological evaluation score, blood autoantibody production amount, blood Complement tertiary and quaternary complement components (C3 and C4) levels or disease markers may be assessed.
- SLEDAI SLE disease activity index
- BILAG British Isles Lupus Assessment Group
- PGA SLE responder index
- SRI SRI
- the amount of urinary protein for example, when the amount of urinary albumin or the albumin/creatinine ratio of the patient after administration of the pharmaceutical composition is significantly reduced compared to when not administered, the therapeutic or/and prophylactic effect is considered to be present. You can judge. Alternatively, when the urinary albumin amount or albumin/creatinine ratio of the patient upon administration of the pharmaceutical composition is significantly reduced compared to the urinary albumin amount or albumin/creatinine ratio of the patient upon administration of the negative control substance, treatment Or/and it may be judged that there was a preventive effect.
- the graph area of the urinary albumin amount or the albumin/creatinine ratio of the patient when the pharmaceutical composition is administered is significantly reduced compared to the urinary albumin amount or the albumin/creatinine ratio graph area when the pharmaceutical composition is not administered, treatment Or/and it may be judged that there was a preventive effect.
- the urinary albumin amount or albumin/creatinine ratio of the patient upon administration of the pharmaceutical composition is significantly reduced compared to the urinary albumin amount or albumin/creatinine ratio of the patient upon administration of the negative control substance, treatment Or/and it may be judged that there was a preventive effect.
- the reduction may be, for example, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10% or less, or within any two of these values.
- the therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect of the pharmaceutical composition on graft-versus-host disease can be evaluated, for example, by the effect of improving characteristic organ findings and the effect of reducing the amount of steroids.
- Skin lesions can be evaluated by improving polymorphic skin atrophy and sclerotic lesions for scleroderma, and liver lesions can be evaluated by improving total bilirubin, ALP, AST, and ALT, for example.
- renal lesions may be evaluated, for example, by the amount of urine protein and the urine albumin/creatinine ratio.
- the therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect in that case can be determined in the same manner as in the case of SLE described above.
- patient refers to a human or non-human mammal (e.g., mouse, guinea pig, hamster, rat, mouse, rabbit, pig, sheep, goat, cow, horse, cat, dog, marmoset, monkey, or one or more species such as chimpanzees).
- the patient may also be a patient diagnosed as suffering from RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease.
- the patient may also be a patient diagnosed as developing a disease treatable by inhibition of citrullination in cells.
- the patient may also be a patient diagnosed as developing a disease treatable by inhibition of netosis in cells.
- treatment includes any treatment of disease in mammals, particularly humans, which inhibits disease symptoms, i.e., arrests their progression or eliminates disease or symptoms, and alleviates disease symptoms. ie, causing regression of the disease or condition, or delay in progression of the condition.
- prevention includes preventing the onset of the above diseases in mammals, especially humans.
- prevention of recurrence includes prevention of recurrence of the above diseases that repeat remission and recurrence in mammals, especially humans.
- the mode of administration of the anti-PAD4 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition containing the anti-PAD4 antibody or antibody fragment thereof of the present invention is not particularly limited, and oral administration, parenteral administration (e.g., intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous administration). , rectal administration, transdermal administration, intracerebral administration, intraspinal administration, and other local administration) to mammals including humans.
- Dosage forms for oral administration and parenteral administration and methods for preparing the same are well known to those skilled in the art. can be done.
- Dosage forms for parenteral administration include preparations for injection (e.g., drip injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intradermal injection, intracerebral administration preparation, intraspinal preparation), and external preparations. (eg, ointments, poultices, lotions), suppository inhalants, eye drops, eye ointments, nose drops, ear drops, liposomes and the like.
- injection e.g., drip injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intradermal injection, intracerebral administration preparation, intraspinal preparation
- external preparations eg, ointments, poultices, lotions
- suppository inhalants e.g, eye drops, eye ointments, nose drops, ear drops, liposomes and the like.
- injectable preparations are usually prepared by dissolving an antibody in distilled water for injection. Stabilizers and the like can be added. It can also be made into a freeze-dried preparation for use.
- Dosage forms for oral administration include solid or liquid dosage forms, specifically tablets, coated tablets, pills, fine granules, granules, powders, capsules, syrups, emulsions, suspensions, injections. medicine, lozenges and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further contain other therapeutically effective agents, and if necessary, may also contain ingredients such as bactericides, antiphlogistic agents, vitamins, and amino acids. .
- pharmacologically acceptable carriers examples include excipients, lubricants, binders and disintegrants in solid formulations, or solvents, solubilizers, suspending agents, tonicity agents, and buffers in liquid formulations. and soothing agents. Further, if necessary, conventional additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, coloring agents, sweeteners, adsorbents, wetting agents, etc. may be used in appropriate amounts.
- the dosage of the antibody according to the present invention can be determined, for example, by route of administration, type of disease, severity of symptoms, patient age, sex, body weight, severity of disease, pharmacological findings such as pharmacokinetics and toxicological characteristics, It is determined by a doctor based on various factors such as whether a drug delivery system is used and whether it is administered as part of a combination of other drugs.
- 1 to 5000 ⁇ g/day, preferably 10 to 2000 ⁇ g/day, more preferably 50 to 2000 ⁇ g/day, and injection administration of 1 to 5000 ⁇ g/day, preferably 5 to 2000 ⁇ g/day, more preferably 50 to 2000 ⁇ g/day. can be administered in one or several divided doses.
- continuous infusion is usually performed at a rate of 10 to 100,000 ⁇ g/day, more preferably 100 to 10,000 ⁇ g/day, and still more preferably 500 to 5,000 ⁇ g/day per adult (60 kg body weight). can be done.
- Example 1 Confirmation of chemical stability of anti-PAD4 antibody The chemical stability of the variable region containing the CDRs of the humanized anti-PAD4 antibody G8 described in WO2016/143753 was evaluated.
- a mammalian cell expression vector expressing lgG was constructed by inserting DNAs encoding the amino acid sequences of the light and heavy chains of the test antibody G8 downstream of the CMV promoter. SEQ ID NOS: 27 and 26 in the Sequence Listing were used for the light chain and heavy chain DNA sequences, respectively. Using the gene transfer reagent ExpiFectamine CHO Transfection Kit (LifeTechnologies), the above expression vector was introduced into ExpiCHO (LifeTechnologies).
- IgG was purified from the culture supernatant by affinity chromatography using an open column and Protein A resin (GE Healthcare, MabSelect SuRe). IgG bound to Protein A resin was washed with 6 Column Volumes of PBS (pH 7.2). Then, it was eluted with Arg-Antibody Elution Buffer (Nacalai) of pH 4.0, and neutralized quickly to bring the pH to near neutrality.
- AKTA prime plus (GE Healthcare) was used to purify IgG after Protein A column purification with CHT (ceramic hydroxyapatite Type II resin) (Bio-rad).
- IgG bound to CHT was eluted with a gradient of NaCI concentration, and after collecting the desired fraction, the solution was replaced with PBS (pH 7.4) by gel filtration chromatography using PD-10 (GE Healthcare). Test antibodies were concentrated to a concentration of approximately 10 mg/mL and stored at 4°C or 37°C for 2 weeks.
- test antibody G8 The chemical stability of the CDR-containing variable regions of test antibody G8 was assessed by peptide mapping analysis using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
- the test antibody was subjected to reduction treatment by reacting it with a reducing agent dithiothreitol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) at 37° C. for 2 hours in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries).
- the alkylating agent iodoacetamide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added and allowed to react for 30 minutes to alkylate the thiol groups generated by the reduction reaction.
- reaction solution was buffer-exchanged using a Zeba Spin column (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 2 mol/L urea (SIGMA), 0.1 mol/L NH 4 HCO 3 (Wako Pure Chemical), 1 mmol /L CaCl 2 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) and 0.8 ⁇ g trypsin (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) were allowed to react overnight at 37°C.
- the resulting enzymatic digest was used as an LC-MS measurement sample.
- Peptide mapping analysis was performed by separating the peptides obtained by trypsin digestion by reversed-phase chromatography and acquiring MS and MS/MS spectra with a mass spectrometer.
- MS and MS/MS were performed with the following parameters.
- the percentage of post-translational modifications was calculated by the following method. First, using Biopharma Lynx, peptides matching the sequence of the test antibody were extracted, and peptides for which MS/MS could be obtained (MS/MS b/y ion found ⁇ 2) were analyzed. The ratio of post-translational modification was calculated from the ratio of the MS intensity of all detected peptides and the MS intensity of peptides containing post-translational modifications.
- Humanized anti-PAD4 antibody G8ss was prepared by substituting the 84th asparagine residue with a serine residue because it is cleaved between an asparagine residue and a serine residue. After purification of the test antibody G8ss, a sample stored at 4°C and a sample stored at 40°C for 2 weeks were subjected to peptide mapping. As a result, no peptide cleaved between the 84th and 85th serine residues was detected under either storage condition. Based on the above, it is considered that the humanized anti-PAD4 antibody having a serine residue at position 84 has higher chemical stability.
- the binding affinities of the test antibodies G8 and G8ss to human PAD4 protein were determined by measuring the dissociation constant (KD) in HBS-EP+ using a surface plasmon resonance device Biacore T200 (GE Healthcare).
- KD dissociation constant
- a biotin-labeled human PAD4 protein was immobilized on a sensor chip using a Biotin Capture Kit (GE Healthcare).
- the PAD4 protein was adjusted to 0.25 ⁇ g/mL using HBS-EP+ to prepare a ligand solution.
- the ligand solution was added to the flow cell at a flow rate of 10 ⁇ L/min for 30 seconds, followed by the addition of HBS-EP+ for 60 seconds.
- a flow cell to which no ligand solution was added was used as a reference cell.
- the test antibody was adjusted from several hundred pM to several nM and used as an analyte solution.
- the running buffer was used as a blank solution.
- a blank solution or an analyte solution was added for 180 seconds at a flow rate of 30 ⁇ L/min using the single-cycle method, and the dissociation time was 1200 seconds.
- Fab molecular form is Fab
- the complementarity determining region was improved by phage display. Complementarity determining regions were improved in two steps. In the first step, single amino acid substitutions aimed at improving affinity to human PAD4 were determined, and in the second step, multiple combinations of these single amino acid substitutions were determined. (Fujino et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2012 Vol. 428(3), p395).
- a Fab phage display vector was constructed using the light and heavy chain variable regions of parental clone G8. Using this as a template, all amino acid residues that make up the six complementarity determining regions of the antibody (LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3, HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3) were identified by multi-step PCR reactions using site-directed mutagenesis PCR and overlap extension PCR. A comprehensive single amino acid substitution mutant library was constructed in which groups were substituted one by one with all 20 natural amino acids.
- the second asparagine of LCDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of the sequence listing), the fourth aspartic acid of LCDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 25 of the sequence listing), and the 11th tyrosine of HCDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 24 of the sequence listing) , 12th glycine, 13th alanine, 14th alanine, 15th valine, 17th glycine, and 1st alanine of HCDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 11 in the sequence listing).
- Example 3 Creation of a humanized anti-human PAD4 antibody with improved complementarity determining regions designed the library.
- a parent clone G8 Fab phage display vector was constructed by inserting stop codons into LCDR3 and HCDR2, and site-directed mutagenesis was performed by the Kunkel method using the Fab phage display vector as a template (Fellouse et al., J. Mol. Biol. 2007 Vol. 373, p924), a custom library for improving the complementarity determining regions was constructed in which the complementarity determining regions were randomized based on the above design.
- PAD4 protein His tag PAD4, GST-biotin-PAD4
- library enrichment by Fab phage display was repeated several rounds. Since the structure of PAD4 may change depending on the presence or absence of calcium ions, selection was performed in the presence and absence of calcium chloride, and enrichment studies were carried out.
- the GST tag-Avi tag-human PAD4 contained in the supernatant was purified using GS4B resin (GE Healthcare), the GST tag was cleaved using PreScission Protease (GE Healthcare), and Avi tag-human PAD4 was recovered.
- Each clone contained in the Fab library enriched for 4-6 rounds was cloned in the presence and absence of calcium chloride, and the sequences of 384 clones randomly selected from each condition were identified using a sequencer. All 384 clones of Fab were converted into full-length antibodies (human IgG1/human ⁇ ), fragmented for expression, and the DNA was introduced into Expi293 (LifeTechnologies) using the gene transfer reagent ExpiFectamine 293 Transfection Kits (LifeTechnologies). After culturing for 5 days after gene introduction, the culture supernatant was obtained.
- Test antibody (meaning that the molecular form is IgG, hereinafter the same) was extracted from the culture supernatant by affinity mouth chromatography using Protein A resin (GE Healthcare, PreDictor MabSelect SuRe LX). Refined. The purified test antibody solution was replaced with PBS pH 7.4 using a dialysis device (Merck, D-Tube96 Dialyzer).
- SPR surface phrasmon resonance
- a Biacore T200 surface phrasmon resonance instrument GE Healthcare
- HBS-EP+ 10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, 0.05% (v/v) Surfactant P20, pH 7.4
- the antigen binding of the test antibody was confirmed at .
- Biotin-labeled human PAD4 protein was immobilized on the sensor chip using Biotin Capture Kit (GE Healthcare). The above PAD4 protein was adjusted to 4 ⁇ g/mL using HBS-EP+ and used as a ligand solution.
- the ligand solution was added to the flow cell at a flow rate of 10 ⁇ L/min for 30 seconds, followed by the addition of HBS-EP+ for 60 seconds.
- a flow cell to which no ligand solution was added was used as a reference cell.
- the test antibody was adjusted to 10 nM using HBS-EP+ and used as an analyte solution.
- the running buffer was used as a blank solution.
- a blank solution or analyte solution was added at a flow rate of 30 ⁇ L/min for 120 seconds to obtain a sensorgram of the bound phase.
- a dissociation phase sensorgram was then obtained by adding running buffer for 180 seconds.
- clones with improved complementarity determining regions clones with improved affinity for human PAD4 protein compared to G8 and less non-specific adsorption to the sensor chip, and G8 will be subjected to higher-order evaluation after Example 4.
- Five clones (G8, Lib2(4R)-1-47, Lib1(6R)-1-39, Lib1(6R)-2-37, Lib2(5R)-2-25) were determined to proceed.
- Table 1 shows the CDR sequences of the 5 clones.
- Table 2 shows the binding affinities of the 5 clones to human PAD4.
- the human PAD4 enzyme inhibitory activity of the test antibodies (G8, Lib2(4R)-1-47, Lib1(6R)-1-39, Lib1(6R)-2-37, Lib2(5R)-2-25) was evaluated. .
- Human PAD4 final concentration 10 nM
- 1 mM DTT 1 mM DTT
- 150 mM NaCl 150 mM NaCl, such that the final concentrations of the test antibody were 600, 200, 66.67, 22.22, 7.41, 2. 47, 0.82, 0.27, 0.09 nM.
- mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.6) was mixed.
- BAEE benzoylarginine ethyl ester
- CaCl 2 calcium ion final concentration 10 mM
- citrullinated citrulline residues of BAEE were quantified colorimetrically using a mixture containing 2,3-butanedione monoxime and thiosemicarbazide.
- the tested antibodies (G8, Lib2(4R)-1-47, Lib1(6R)-1-39, Lib1(6R)-2-37, Lib2(5R)-2-25) inhibited the enzymatic activity of human PAD4.
- the IC50 was 21.6, 9.6, 8.7, 13.4, 8.3 nM, respectively.
- the light chain DNA sequences of each clone used DNA sequences encoding SEQ ID NOs: 27, 17, 19, 21 and 23 of the Sequence Listing, respectively, and the heavy chain DNA sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 12 of the Sequence Listing, respectively.
- a DNA sequence encoding was used.
- the expression vector was introduced into ExpiCHO (LifeTechnologies) using the gene transfer reagent ExpiFectamine CHO Transfection Kit (LifeTechnologies). After culturing for 14 days after gene introduction, the culture supernatant was obtained. IgG was purified from the culture supernatant by affinity mouth chromatography using AKTA pure 25M (GE Healthcare) and Protein A resin (JSR Life Sciences, Amsphere A3 column).
- IgG bound to Protein A resin was washed with 6 Column Volumes of 100 mM sodium carbonate buffer (pH 11.0) and then with 6 Column Volumes of PBS (pH 7.2) (3 ⁇ ). Then, it was eluted with a Gly-HCl buffer of pH 3.5 and quickly neutralized to bring the pH to near neutrality.
- IgG after protein A column purification was purified with CHT (ceramic hydroxyapatite Type I resin) (Bio-rad). IgG bound to CHT was eluted with a NaCl concentration gradient, and after collecting the desired fraction, the solution was replaced with PBS (pH 7.4) using a dialysis method.
- test antibodies After purification of the test antibodies (G8ss, 2-1-47, 3-1-39, 3-2-37, 4-2-25), samples stored at 4°C were subjected to peptide mapping. As a result, no peptide cleaved between the 84th and 85th serine residues was detected.
- Binding affinity to human PAD4 protein Binding affinity of test antibodies (G8ss, 2-1-47, 3-1-39, 3-2-37, 4-2-25) to human PAD4 protein was determined by measuring the dissociation constant (KD) in HBS-EP+ using a surface plasmon resonance device Biacore T200 (GE Healthcare). A biotin-labeled human PAD4 protein was immobilized on a sensor chip using a Biotin Capture Kit (GE Healthcare). The PAD4 protein was adjusted to 0.5 ⁇ g/mL using HBS-EP+ to prepare a ligand solution.
- KD dissociation constant
- the ligand solution was added to the flow cell at a flow rate of 10 ⁇ L/min for 30 seconds, followed by the addition of HBS-EP+ for 60 seconds.
- a flow cell to which no ligand solution was added was used as a reference cell.
- the test antibody was adjusted from several hundred pM to several nM and used as an analyte solution.
- the running buffer was used as a blank solution.
- a blank solution or an analyte solution was added for 180 seconds at a flow rate of 30 ⁇ L/min using the single-cycle method, and the dissociation time was 1200 seconds.
- Binding parameters were calculated using a 1:1 binding model using Biacore T200 Evaluation software (GE Healthcare). Table 3 shows the calculated binding parameters.
- the dissociation constants of antibodies 2-1-47, 3-1-39, 3-2-37, and 4-2-25 with improved complementarity-determining regions for human PAD4 protein are 31, 48, 73, and 20 pM, respectively. Met.
- Example 5 Evaluation of storage stability of antibody
- One of the indices of storage stability of an antibody includes retention of antigen-binding activity. It is known that the storage stability varies greatly depending on the antibody. For example, DiCara et al., mAbs, 2018 Vol. The relative antigen-binding activity of antibodies stored at 40°C ranges from less than 30% to 100% of the relative antigen-binding activity of antibodies stored at 4°C.
- test antibody solution was added to flow cell 2 at a flow rate of 10 ⁇ L/min for 60 seconds, and immobilized on the sensor chip.
- Flow cell 1 was used as a reference cell.
- the binding amount of flow cell 2 55 seconds after addition of the test antibody was subtracted from the binding amount of flow cell 1 to obtain the antibody binding amount.
- human PAD4 (Cayman Chemical company, Cat. 10500) was adjusted to 50 nM using HBS-EP+ to prepare an analyte solution.
- a sensorgram of the bound phase was obtained by adding the analyte solution for 120 seconds at a flow rate of 30 ⁇ L/min.
- the amount of binding to flow cell 2 5 seconds before the end of the addition of the analyte solution was subtracted from the amount of binding to flow cell 1 to obtain the amount of antigen binding.
- a dissociation phase sensorgram was then obtained by adding running buffer for 180 seconds. Measurements were made at 25°C.
- the antibody binding amount and antigen binding amount were calculated using a data analysis program (GE Healthcare, Biacore T200 Evaluation Software v3.1), and the antigen binding amount under each condition was divided by the antibody binding amount to obtain the relative antigen binding amount.
- the relative antigen-binding amount of the cryopreserved test antibody and the relative antigen-binding amount of the test antibody stored at 4°C did not change.
- the relative antigen-binding amount of each test antibody stored at 4°C for 4 weeks was compared with the relative antigen-binding amount of the test antibody stored at 40°C for 4 weeks, and the antigen-binding activity was determined. As shown in Table 4, G8ss had an antigen-binding activity of 82.2% after storage at 40°C for 4 weeks.
- the antibody drug Remicade (registered trademark) has an antigen-binding activity of 80% even after being stored at 40°C for one month. % or more is retained.
- it is desirable to retain 80% or more, preferably 90% or more of the biological activity of the antibody at the time of preparation of the antibody formulation for example, International Publication See WO2003/018056. From the above, good storage stability was observed for the test antibodies G8ss, 2-1-47, 3-1-39, 3-2-37, and 4-2-25.
- CAIA model mice Using anti-collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model mice, efficacy of test antibodies G8ss, 2-1-47, 3-1-39, 3-2-37, and 4-2-25 made an evaluation.
- CAIA model mice are rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and arthritis model mice.
- the CAIA model mouse was prepared according to the protocol for mouse arthritis-inducing antibody cocktail (Chondrex Inc., Cat. 53040). A summary of the experimental conditions is shown in FIG. On day 0, an anti-collagen antibody mixture (1.5 mg) was administered intravenously into the tail vein of 9-week-old female Balb/c mice (6 mice/group).
- FIG. 1 shows the evaluation results of the arthritis score. As can be seen from the results, all the tested antibodies had a high therapeutic effect on RA.
- CIA model Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model mice were used to evaluate efficacy of test antibody 3-2-37.
- CIA model mice were prepared by immunizing 5- to 7-week-old female DBA/1 mice twice with bovine type II collagen and Freund's adjuvant on the first day and 21 days after the first immunization. Twenty-nine days after the first immunization, mice that developed arthritis were administered the test antibody at doses of 0.3 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 3 mg/kg into the tail vein (nine mice per group). The same dose of 3-2-37 was administered 36 and 43 days after the first immunization. The arthritis score was evaluated according to (i) to (iii) below.
- the parts to be evaluated were fingers, insteps, and joints of the extremities.
- arthritis scores were assigned according to Table 6;
- the arthritis score was shown as the average of the total values for each finger, instep, and joint of the limbs (maximum value was 16/mouse).
- FIG. 2 shows the evaluation results of the arthritis score. As can be seen from these results, 3-2-37 significantly decreased the average arthritis score in the latter half of the study compared to the control antibody administration group at all doses set in this study (Shirley-Williams multiple comparison test, *p ⁇ 0.025, **p ⁇ 0.005).
- cGvHD model mice A chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) model mouse was used to evaluate the efficacy of the test antibody 3-2-37.
- cGvHD model mice were generated by transfecting 8-week-old female B6D2F1 mice with splenocytes from 8- to 9-week-old female DBA/2 mice. This mouse develops lupus nephritis-like renal damage that occurs in SLE patients.
- the test antibody was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg (13 mice per group).
- FIG. 3 shows the evaluation results of the urinary protein score. As can be seen from these results, a significant decrease in the urine protein score was observed in the 30 mg/kg administration group of the test antibody 3-2-37 compared to the control antibody administration group (Shirley-Williams multiple comparison test, * p ⁇ 0.025). In addition, individuals with a urinary protein/creatinine ratio of less than 3 (Pro/Cre ⁇ 3) were defined as non-symptomatic individuals. is shown in FIG.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 amino acid sequence of HCDR1 of anti-PAD4 antibody
- SEQ ID NO: 2 amino acid sequence of HCDR2 of anti-PAD4 antibody (mixed sequence)
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Amino acid sequence of HCDR3 of anti-PAD4 antibody (mixed sequence)
- SEQ ID NO: 4 amino acid sequence of LCDR1 of anti-PAD4 antibody
- SEQ ID NO: 5 amino acid sequence of LCDR2 of anti-PAD4 antibody
- SEQ ID NO: 6 amino acid sequence of LCDR3 of anti-PAD4 antibody (mixed sequence)
- SEQ ID NO: 7 Amino acid sequence of HCDR2 of anti-PAD4 antibody Lib2(4R)-1-47, 2-1-47
- SEQ ID NO: 8 HCDR2 of anti-PAD4 antibody Lib1(6R)-1-39, 3-1-39
- Amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 9 HCDR2 amino acid sequence of anti-PAD4 antibody
- SEQ ID NO: 20 Amino acid sequence of full-length heavy chain of anti-PAD4 antibody Lib1(6R)-1-39, 3-1-39
- SEQ ID NO: 20 Amino acid sequence of full-length heavy chain of anti-PAD4 antibody 3-2-37
- SEQ ID NO: 21 Full-length light chain amino acid sequence of anti-PAD4 antibody Lib1(6R)-2-37, 3-2-37
- SEQ ID NO: 22 Full-length heavy chain amino acid sequence of anti-PAD4 antibody 4-2-25
- SEQ ID NO: 23 Anti-PAD4 antibody Lib2(5R)-2-25, 4-2-25 light chain full-length amino acid sequence
- SEQ ID NO: 25 LCDR3 amino acids of anti-PAD4 antibodies G8 and G8ss Sequences
- SEQ ID NO: 26 Amino acid sequence of full-length heavy chain of anti-PAD4 antibody G8
- Nucleotide sequence encoding full-length heavy chain of anti-PAD4 antibody 2-1-47 SEQ ID NO: 33: Nucleotide sequence encoding full-length light chain of anti-PAD4 antibody 2-1-47 SEQ ID NO: 34: Anti-PAD4 antibody 3- Nucleotide sequence encoding full length heavy chain of 1-39 SEQ ID NO: 35: Nucleotide sequence encoding full length light chain of anti-PAD4 antibody 3-1-39 SEQ ID NO: 36: Full length heavy chain of anti-PAD4 antibody 3-2-37 Nucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NO: 37: Nucleotide sequence encoding full length light chain of anti-PAD4 antibody 3-2-37 SEQ ID NO: 38: Nucleotide sequence encoding full length heavy chain of anti-PAD4 antibody 4-2-25 SEQ ID NO: 39: Nucleotide sequence encoding full length light chain of anti-PAD4 antibody 4-2-25 SEQ ID NO: 40: Nucleotide sequence en
- the present invention is useful for the prevention or treatment of RA or arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, or graft-versus-host disease, and has high utility value in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明の要旨は、以下に関する。
[2] HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号7~10のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号11又は12のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号13~15のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を含む、[1]に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[3] a-1)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-1)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-1)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-1)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号15のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、[1]又は[2]に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[4] a-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号7のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号9のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号12のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号14のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号10のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号15のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[5] a-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号16のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号17のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号18のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号19のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号20のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号21のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号22のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号23のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[6] a-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号16のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号17のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号18のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号19のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号20のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号21のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号22のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号23のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、[5]に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[7] a-5)重鎖が配列番号16のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖が配列番号17のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-5)重鎖が配列番号18のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖が配列番号19のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-5)重鎖が配列番号20のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖が配列番号21のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-5)重鎖が配列番号22のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖が配列番号23のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、[5]又は[6]に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[8] 重鎖の84番目のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸が、セリンである、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[9] PAD4に対するKD値が、100pM以下である、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[10] [1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片であって、
該抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片を40℃で1カ月間保存したとき、該保存前の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片が有するPAD4結合量に比して、90%以上の結合量を有するものである、
抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
重鎖の84番目のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸が、セリンである、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[12] e-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号24のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号25のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片であって、
重鎖の84番目のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸が、セリンである、[11]に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[13] e-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号28のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号27のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[14] e-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号28のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号27のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、
[13]に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[15] e-5)重鎖が配列番号28からなり、軽鎖が配列番号27からなる、
[13]又は[14]に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[16] [11]~[15]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片であって、生成時に生じる切断が総生成量の3%未満である、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[17] 抗体が、中和抗体である、[1]~[16]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[18] 抗体が、配列番号29で表されるPAD4の結合抗体である、[1]~[17]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
[19] [1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片をコードする塩基配列を含む、核酸分子。
[20] [19]に記載の核酸分子を含む、組換えベクター。
[22] [1]~[18]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片を含む、医薬組成物。
[23] 関節リウマチ若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病の予防剤又は治療剤である、[22]に記載の医薬組成物。
[24] タンパク質におけるシトルリン化の抑制剤である、[22]又は[23]に記載の医薬組成物。
[25] 細胞におけるネトーシスの抑制剤である、[22]~[24]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[26] 関節リウマチ若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病を予防又は治療するための、[1]~[18]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体若しくはその抗体断片、又は[22]~[25]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物の使用。
[27] 関節リウマチ若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病の予防剤又は治療剤を製造するための、[1]~[18]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体若しくはその抗体断片、又は[22]~[25]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物の使用。
[28] [1]~[18]のいずれかに記載の抗PAD4抗体若しくはその抗体断片、又は[22]~[25]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物を有効量投与することによる、関節リウマチ若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病の予防又は治療方法。
本発明において「中和」とは目的の標的に結合し、かつ、その標的のいずれかの機能を阻害することができる作用のことをいう。すなわち、「PAD4の活性を中和する」とは、抗PAD4抗体がPAD4に結合することにより、PAD4の活性を阻害することをいう。PAD4の活性は、当分野において知られたいくつかのin vitro又はin vivo分析の1つ又はそれ以上によって評価することができる。PAD4の活性は、例えば、タンパク質中のアルギニンのシトルリン化活性であり、抗PAD4抗体の中和活性は、本明細書に記載のシトルリン化阻害試験により評価することができる。
単離された抗PAD4抗体等の「単離された」とは、同定され、かつ、分離された、及び/又は、自然状態での成分から回収された、という意味である。自然状態での不純物は、その抗体の診断的又は治療的使用を妨害し得る物質であり、酵素、ホルモン及びその他のタンパク質性の又は非タンパク質性の溶質が挙げられる。一般的に、抗PAD4抗体を単離するには、少なくとも1つの精製工程によって精製すればよく、少なくとも1つの精製工程により精製された抗PAD4抗体を「単離された抗PAD4抗体」ということができる。
ヒト抗体とは、軽鎖、重鎖ともにヒト免疫グロブリン由来の抗体をいう。ヒト抗体は、重鎖の定常領域の違いにより、γ鎖の重鎖を有するIgG(IgG1、IgG2、IgG3及びIgG4を含む)、μ鎖の重鎖を有するIgM、α鎖の重鎖を有するIgA(IgA1,IgA2を含む)、δ鎖の重鎖を有するIgD、又はε鎖の重鎖を有するIgEを含む。また原則として軽鎖は、κ鎖とλ鎖のどちらか一方を含む。
ヒト化抗体は、非ヒト動物由来抗体の相補性決定領域と、ヒト抗体由来のフレームワーク領域とからなる可変領域、及びヒト抗体由来の定常領域からなる抗体をいう。
キメラ抗体とは、軽鎖、重鎖、又はその両方が、非ヒト由来の可変領域と、ヒト由来の定常領域からなる抗体をいう。
本発明において抗PAD4抗体は、PAD4に結合する免疫グロブリン分子又はその改変分子のことをいう。改変分子には、マルチスペシフィック抗体、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、機能改変抗体、及びコンジュゲート抗体を含むものとする。
マルチスペシフィック抗体とは、2つ以上の異なる抗原特異性を有する2つ以上の独立した抗原認識部位を持ち合わせた非対称の抗体であり、2つの抗原特異性を有するバイスペシフィック抗体、3つの抗原特異性を有するトリスペシフィック抗体等が挙げられる。
本発明において機能改変抗体とは、抗体配列、糖鎖等を改変することにより、抗体の有する抗原結合機能以外の機能、例えば細胞殺傷機能、補体活性化機能や血中半減期延長機能を改変した抗体をいう。
本発明においてコンジュゲート抗体とは、抗体にポリエチレングリコール(PEG)等の非ペプチド性ポリマー、放射性物質、毒素、低分子化合物、サイトカイン、成長因子、アルブミン、酵素等の抗体以外の機能分子を化学的又は遺伝子工学的に結合した抗体をいう。
本発明において抗体断片とは、特に断らない限り、抗原結合断片を意味する。抗体断片を抗原結合分子と呼ぶこともできる。抗原結合断片とは、抗体の一部分を含むタンパク質であり、抗原に結合できるものをいう。抗原結合断片の例としては、F(ab')2、Fab'、Fab、Fv(variable fragment of antibody)、ジスルフィド結合Fv、一本鎖抗体(scFv)、及びこれらの重合体等が挙げられる。さらに、抗原結合断片は、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)等の非ペプチド性ポリマー、放射性物質、毒素、低分子化合物、サイトカイン、成長因子(TGF-β、NGF、Neurotrophin等)、アルブミン、酵素、他の抗体等の本発明の抗PAD4抗体以外の機能分子を化学的又は遺伝子工学的に結合しているコンジュゲート抗原結合断片を含むものとする。
相補性決定領域(CDR)とは免疫グロブリン分子の可変領域のうち、抗原結合部位を形成する領域をいい、超可変領域とも呼ばれ、免疫グロブリン分子ごとに特にアミノ酸配列の変化が大きい部分をいう。CDRには軽鎖及び重鎖それぞれに3つのCDR(LCDR1、LCDR2、LCDR3、及びHCDR1、HCDR2、HCDR3)がある。本発明では、免疫グロブリン分子のCDRはカバット(Kabat)の番号付けシステム(Kabatら、1987、Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest、US Department of Health and Human Services、NIH、USA)に従って決定される。
可変領域等の、同定した参照ポリペプチド配列に関する「パーセント(%)同一性」とは、配列を整列させ、最大の%同一性を得るために必要ならば間隙を導入し、如何なる保存的置換も配列同一性の一部と考えないとした後の、特定の参照ポリペプチド配列のアミノ酸残基と同一である候補配列中のアミノ酸残基のパーセントとして定義される。%同一性を測定する目的のためのアラインメントは、当業者の技量の範囲にある種々の方法、例えばBLAST、BLAST-2、ALIGN、又はMegalign(DNASTAR)ソフトウエアのような公に入手可能なコンピュータソフトウエアを使用することにより達成可能である。当業者であれば、比較される配列の完全長に対して最大のアラインメントを達成するために必要な任意のアルゴリズムを含む、配列をアラインメントするための適切なパラメータを決定することができる。しかし、ここでの目的のためには、%同一性値は、ペアワイズアラインメントにおいて、配列比較コンピュータプログラムBLASTを使用することによって得られる。
アミノ酸配列比較にBLASTが用いられる状況では、与えられたアミノ酸配列Aの、与えられたアミノ酸配列Bとの%同一性は次のように計算される:
分率X/Yの100倍
ここで、Xは配列アラインメントプログラムBLASTのA及びBのプログラムアラインメントによって同一であると一致したスコアのアミノ酸残基の数であり、YはBの全アミノ酸残基数である。アミノ酸配列Aの長さがアミノ酸配列Bの長さと異なる場合、AのBに対する%同一性は、BのAに対する%同一性とは異なることは理解されるであろう。特に断らない限りは、ここでの全ての%同一性値は、直ぐ上のパラグラフに示したようにBLASTコンピュータプログラムを用いて得られる。
本発明において、本発明の抗PAD4抗体と「競合する」とは、本明細書に記載された表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)法によって測定した場合に、該抗PAD4抗体又はその抗原結合断片の存在により、有意差をもって本発明の抗PAD4抗体とPAD4との結合が低下することをいう。
<PAD4>
PAD4は、一般的に、タンパク質中のアルギニンのシトルリン化に関与する酵素として知られている。また、PAD4は、細胞のネトーシスに関与する酵素としても知られている。PAD4のアミノ酸配列等の詳細は、NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information)、又はHGNC(HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee)等のWEBサイトから見ることができる。NCBIに記載されているPAD4のアクセッションナンバーは、例えば、NP_036519.2である。PAD4のアミノ酸配列は、例えば、配列番号29である。PAD4は、PAD4活性を有していれば、その生物由来は限定されない。
本発明の一実施形態は、新規の抗PAD4抗体である。この抗体は、従来の抗PAD4抗体に対し、より優れた結合特性、保存安定性や化学的安定性を有する抗PAD4抗体である。保存安定性及び化学的安定性についてはそれぞれ後述するが、これらをまとめて安定性と呼ぶことがある。
この抗体を用いれば、例えば、RA若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病の予防又は治療を行うことができる。この予防又は治療方法は、抗体を使用するため副作用が小さく、安全性の観点から優れている。
また、本発明の一実施形態に係る抗PAD4抗体は、PAD4によるタンパク質のシトルリン化活性を抑制する抗体であってもよい。
また、本発明の一実施形態に係る抗PAD4抗体は、細胞におけるネトーシスを抑制する抗体であってもよい。
モノクローナル抗体は、具体的には下記のようにして取得することができる。即ち、前述のような抗原を免疫原とし、該免疫原を、必要に応じてフロイントアジュバント(Freund's Adjuvant)とともに、上記のような動物の皮下、筋肉内、静脈内、フッドパッド内あるいは腹腔内に1~数回注射するかあるいは移植することにより免疫感作を施す。通常、初回免疫から約1~14日毎に1~4回免疫を行って、最終免疫より約1~5日後に免疫感作された該動物から抗体産生細胞が取得される。
a)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号7のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体、
b)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体、
c)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号9のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号12のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号14のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体、
d)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号10のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号15のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体、及び
e)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号24のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号25のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体であって、重鎖の84番目のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸がセリンである抗PAD4抗体、
等が挙げられる。
上記a)~d)に記載の抗体はPAD4に対する結合親和性が著しく向上したものであり、また、上記a)~d)に記載の抗体はPAD4に対する結合活性の保存安定性が向上したものであり、上記e)に記載の抗体は切断が抑制され、化学的安定性が著しく向上したものであり、上記a)~d)に記載の抗体は上記e)に記載の抗体と同等の、高い化学的安定性を有するものである。
即ち、2-1-47の重鎖CDR1、2、3、軽鎖CDR1、2、及び3のアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号1、配列番号7、配列番号11、配列番号4、配列番号5、及び配列番号13で示されるアミノ酸配列である。
3-1-39の重鎖CDR1、2、3、軽鎖CDR1、2、及び3のアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号1、配列番号8、配列番号11、配列番号4、配列番号5、及び配列番号13で示されるアミノ酸配列である。
3-2-37の重鎖CDR1、2、3、軽鎖CDR1、2、及び3のアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号1、配列番号9、配列番号12、配列番号4、配列番号5、及び配列番号14で示されるアミノ酸配列である。
4-2-25の重鎖CDR1、2、3、軽鎖CDR1、2、及び3のアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号1、配列番号10、配列番号11、配列番号4、配列番号5、及び配列番号15で示されるアミノ酸配列である。
G8ssの重鎖CDR1、2、3、軽鎖CDR1、2、及び3のアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号1、配列番号24、配列番号11、配列番号4、配列番号5、及び配列番号25で示されるアミノ酸配列である。
上記b)の抗PAD4抗体は、PAD4との結合能(好ましくは、PAD4に対するKD値が100pM以下、より好ましくは90pM以下、さらにより好ましくは80pM以下)を有し、PAD4のシトルリン化活性を中和するという特性が維持する限り、重鎖CDR1、2、3、軽鎖CDR1、2、及び3のアミノ酸配列として、それぞれ配列番号1、配列番号8、配列番号11、配列番号4、配列番号5、及び配列番号13で示されるアミノ酸配列を含むものであってもよい。
上記c)の抗PAD4抗体は、PAD4との結合能(好ましくは、PAD4に対するKD値が100pM以下、より好ましくは90pM以下、さらにより好ましくは80pM以下)を有し、PAD4のシトルリン化活性を中和するという特性が維持する限り、重鎖CDR1、2、3、軽鎖CDR1、2、及び3のアミノ酸配列として、それぞれ配列番号1、配列番号9、配列番号12、配列番号4、配列番号5、及び配列番号14で示されるアミノ酸配列を含むものであってもよい。
上記d)の抗PAD4抗体は、PAD4との結合能(好ましくは、PAD4に対するKD値が100pM以下、より好ましくは90pM以下、さらにより好ましくは80pM以下)を有し、PAD4のシトルリン化活性を中和するという特性が維持する限り、重鎖CDR1、2、3、軽鎖CDR1、2、及び3のアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号1、配列番号10、配列番号11、配列番号4、配列番号5、及び配列番号15で示されるアミノ酸配列を含むものであってもよい。
上記e)の抗PAD4抗体は、PAD4との結合能(好ましくは、PAD4に対するKD値が100pM以下、より好ましくは90pM以下、さらにより好ましくは80pM以下)を有し、PAD4のシトルリン化活性を中和するという特性が維持する限り、重鎖CDR1、2、3、軽鎖CDR1、2、及び3のアミノ酸配列として、それぞれ配列番号1、配列番号24、配列番号11、配列番号4、配列番号5、及び配列番号25で示されるアミノ酸配列を含むものであってもよい。
なお、配列番号2で示されるアミノ酸配列においては、11位のアミノ酸がTyr、ThrまたはIleであり、12位のアミノ酸がGly、SerまたはProであり、13位のアミノ酸がThr、Val、TyrまたはProであり、14位のアミノ酸がProまたはAsnであり、15位のアミノ酸がTyr、Ala、GlnまたはLeuであり、17位のアミノ酸がGly、ThrまたはSerであり、各位置でのアミノ酸が上記のアミノ酸から選ばれる任意の組み合わせであるアミノ酸配列を含む。
なお、配列番号3で示されるアミノ酸配列においては、1位のアミノ酸がAlaまたはGlyであり、具体的には配列番号11および12のアミノ酸配列を含む。
なお、配列番号6で示されるアミノ酸配列においては、4位のアミノ酸がThr、LeuまたはTyrであり、具体的には配列番号13、14および15のアミノ酸配列を含む。
a)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域が、それぞれ配列番号16のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号17のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、
b)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域が、それぞれ配列番号18のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号19のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、
c)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域が、それぞれ配列番号20のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号21のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、
d)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域が、それぞれ配列番号22のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号23のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、及び
e)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域が、それぞれ配列番号26のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号27のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、
からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の抗体が例示される。
a)重鎖及び軽鎖が、それぞれ配列番号16及び17で示されるアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、
b)重鎖及び軽鎖が、それぞれ配列番号18及び19で示されるアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、
c)重鎖及び軽鎖が、それぞれ配列番号20及び21で示されるアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、
d)重鎖及び軽鎖が、それぞれ配列番号22及び23で示されるアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、及び
e)重鎖及び軽鎖が、それぞれ配列番号26及び27で示されるアミノ酸配列からなる、又は同アミノ酸配列を含む抗PAD4抗体、
からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の抗体であってもよい。
該抗体は、上記のようなCDR配列を有する抗体とPAD4との結合系において、共存させることにより、取得(スクリーニング)したり、評価したりすることができる。例えば、国際公開第2016/175236号記載の表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)法によりスクリーニングすることにより取得できる。
本発明の一実施形態は、本発明の抗PAD4抗体またはその抗体断片をコードするポリヌクレオチドである核酸分子である。上述したCDR、可変領域、または全長のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドをコードする核酸分子であれば特に制限されないが、例として、
a)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域である、配列番号16のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号17のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列、
b)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域である、配列番号18のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号19のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列、
c)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域である、配列番号20のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号21のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列、
d)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域である、配列番号22のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号23のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列、及び
e)重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域である、配列番号28のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列及び配列番号27のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列をそれぞれコードする塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドが挙げられる。
a)重鎖及び軽鎖である、配列番号16及び17で示されるアミノ酸配列、
b)重鎖及び軽鎖である、配列番号18及び19で示されるアミノ酸配列、
c)重鎖及び軽鎖である、配列番号20及び21で示されるアミノ酸配列、
d)重鎖及び軽鎖である、配列番号22及び23で示されるアミノ酸配列、及び
e)重鎖及び軽鎖である、配列番号28及び27で示されるアミノ酸配列をそれぞれコードする塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドが挙げられる。
抗PAD4抗体の重鎖全長である、配列番号32で示される塩基配列、および抗PAD4抗体の軽鎖全長である、配列番号33で示される塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、
抗PAD4抗体の重鎖全長である、配列番号34で示される塩基配列、および抗PAD4抗体の軽鎖全長である、配列番号35で示される塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、
抗PAD4抗体の重鎖全長である、配列番号36で示される塩基配列、および抗PAD4抗体の軽鎖全長である、配列番号37で示される塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、
抗PAD4抗体の重鎖全長である、配列番号38で示される塩基配列、および抗PAD4抗体の軽鎖全長である、配列番号39で示される塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、
抗PAD4抗体の重鎖全長である、配列番号40で示される塩基配列、および抗PAD4抗体の軽鎖全長である、配列番号31で示される塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、
が挙げられる。
あるいは、可変領域又はその一部の配列を化学合成し、定常領域を含む配列に結合することによっても本発明のモノクローナル抗体をコードするDNAを得ることができる。
組換えベクターとしては、大腸菌(Echerichia coli)のような原核細胞において発現可能なベクター(例えば、pBR322、pUC119又はこれらの派生物)であってもよいが、真核細胞において発現可能なベクターが好ましく、哺乳動物由来の細胞において発現可能なベクターがより好ましい。哺乳動物由来の細胞において発現可能なベクターとしては、例えば、pcDNA3.1(Invitrogen社製)、pConPlus、pcDM8、pcDNA I/Amp、pcDNA3.1、pREP4のようなプラスミドベクター、pDON-AI DNA(宝バイオ社製)等のウイルスベクターを挙げることができる。重鎖コード配列と軽鎖コード配列を含む1つのベクターでもよいし、重鎖コード配列含むベクターと軽鎖コード配列を含むベクターの2つのベクターでもよい。
本発明の一実施形態は、上記の本発明の実施形態に係る抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片を含む、組成物である。この組成物を用いれば、PAD4を効率的に検出できる。また、PAD4によるタンパク質のシトルリン化を効率的に抑制することができる。また、細胞におけるネトーシスを効率的に抑制することができる。また、RA若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病を予防又は治療することができる。この組成物が含有する成分は、本発明の実施形態に係る抗PAD4抗体又は抗体断片を含んでいれば、それ以外は特に限定されず、例えば、緩衝液を含んでいてもよい。この組成物に対して、後述の抑制剤及び医薬組成物に係る種々の実施形態(例えば、担体を含有可能なこと等)の1つ以上を適用してもよい。
本発明の一実施形態は、有効量の上記の本発明の実施形態に係る抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片(又は抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片を含む医薬組成物)を患者に投与する工程を含む、疾患の予防、治療又は再発予防方法である。上記疾患は、例えば、RA若しくは、関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病を含む。本発明の一実施形態は、RA若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病を予防、治療又は再発予防するための、上記の本発明の実施形態に係る抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片(又は抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片を含む医薬組成物)の使用である。
本発明の一実施形態は、RA若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病の予防剤、治療剤又は再発予防剤を生産するための、上記の本発明の実施形態に係る抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片(又は抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片を含む医薬組成物)の使用である。
非経口投与のための剤型は、注射用製剤(例えば、点滴注射剤、静脈注射剤、筋肉注射剤、皮下注射剤、皮内注射剤、脳内投与製剤、脊髄内投与製剤)、外用剤(例えば、軟膏剤、パップ剤、ローション剤)、坐剤吸入剤、眼剤、眼軟膏剤、点鼻剤、点耳剤、リポソーム剤等が挙げられる。特に、中枢神経組織に直接作用させたい場合は浸透圧ポンプの医療用マイクロポンプを利用して持続的に注入することもできるし、フィブリン糊等と混合し徐放製剤としたうえで患部組織に留置することもできる。
国際公開第2016/143753号に記載されたヒト化抗PAD4抗体G8のCDRを含む可変領域の化学的安定性を評価した。被験抗体G8の軽鎖及び重鎖のアミノ酸配列をコードするDNAをCMVプ口モータの下流に挿入することにより、lgGを発現する哺乳細胞用発現ベクターを構築した。軽鎖及び重鎖のDNA配列はそれぞれ、配列表の配列番号27、及び26を用いた。遺伝子導入試薬ExpiFectamine CHO Transfection Kit (LifeTechnologies)を使用して、上記発現ベクターをExpiCHO(LifeTechnologies)に導入した。遺伝子導入後14日間培養した後に培養上清を取得した。オープンカラムを使用し、Protein A樹脂(GE Healthcare、MabSelect SuRe)を用いたアフィニティーク口マ卜グラフィにより培養上清からIgGを精製した。Protein A樹脂に結合したIgGを6 Column VolumeのPBS(pH 7.2)により洗浄した。そしてpH 4.0のArg-Antibody Elution Buffer(Nacalai)で溶出し、すみやかに中和することでpHを中性付近にした。精製純度を高める目的で、AKTA prime plus(GE Healthcare)を使用し、Protein Aカラム精製後のIgGをCHT(ceramic hydroxyapatite Type II樹脂)(Bio-rad)にて精製した。CHTに結合したIgGをNaCI濃度のグラジエン卜で溶出し、目的のフラクションを回収後、PD-10(GE Healthcare)を使用したゲルろ過クロマトグラフィー法にてPBS(pH 7.4)に溶液置換した。被験抗体を約10 mg/mLの濃度に濃縮して、4℃あるいは37℃にて2週間保存した。
トリプシン消化により得られたペプチドを逆相クロマトグラフィー分離し、質量分析装置でMS及びMS/MSスペクトルを取得することでペプチドマッピング分析を実施した。
装置:ACQUITY UPLC(Waters)
移動相:A=0.1%ギ酸を含む超純水、B=0.1%ギ酸を含むアセトニトリル
分離方法:リニアグラジエント分離(60分間で%B=1から40)
流速:0.2 mL/min
カラム:ACQUITY UPLC Peptide BEH C18 column, 300 オングストローム, 1.7 μm, 2.1 x 150 mm (Waters)
カラムオーブンの温度:40°C
サンプル量:30 μL
検出波長:215 nm
装置:Synapt(Waters)
TOFモード:V mode
イオン化法:ESI Positive
MS測定範囲 :50-2000 Da
MS cone voltage :24 V
Scan time :0.4 s
MS/MS方式 :MSE
Trap CE voltage :Low energy 6V,High energy ramp 20-40 V
被験抗体G8とG8ssのヒ卜PAD4タンパク質に対する結合親和性は表面プラズモン共鳴装置Biacore T200(GE Healthcare)を用いてHBS-EP+中での解離定数(KD)を測定することで決定した。Biotin Capture Kit(GE Healthcare)を用いてビオチン標識したヒ卜PAD4タンパク質をセンサーチップに固定化した。HBS-EP+を用いて前記PAD4タンパク質を0.25 μg/mLに調製し、リガンド溶液とした。リガンド溶液をフローセルに流速10 μL/minにて30秒間添加し、その後の60秒間HBS-EP+を添加した。リガンド溶液を添加しないフローセルをリファレンスセルとした。HBS-EP+を用いて被験抗体を数百pMから数nMに調製し、アナライト溶液とした。また、ランニング緩衝液をブランク溶液とした。ブランク溶液あるいはアナライト溶液をsingle-cycle法を用いて流速30 μL/minにて180秒間添加し、解離時間は1200秒間とした。ブランク溶液あるいはアナライト溶液を添加した際のリガンドを添加したフローセルのセンサーグラムからリファレンスセルのセンサーグラムを差し引き、さらにアナライト溶液を添加したセンサーグラムからブランク溶液を添加したセンサーグラムを差し引いたものを解析に用いた。Biacore T200 Evaluation software(GE Healthcare)を用いて、1:1結合モデルを用いて結合パラメータを算出した。被験抗体G8はヒトPAD4タンパク質に結合速度定数kon=7.70×106 (1/Ms)、解離速度定数koff=1.65×10-3 (1/s)、解離定数KD=214 pMの結合親和性で結合した。被験抗体G8ssはヒトPAD4タンパク質に結合速度定数kon=6.37×106(1/Ms)、解離速度定数koff=1.76×10-3 (1/s)、解離定数KD=276 pMの結合親和性で結合した。以上より、ヒト化抗PAD4抗体においては、84番目をセリン残基に置換してもヒトPAD4への結合親和性は変わらないことがわかった。
ヒト化抗ヒトPAD4抗体G8のヒトPAD4への親和性及び機能性向上を目的として、Fab(分子形がFabであることを意味する、以下同様に表記する)ファージディスプレイによる相補性決定領域の改良を行った。相補性決定領域の改良は2段階にて実施し、第一段階でヒトPAD4への親和性向上を狙える1アミノ酸置換を決定し、第二段階でこれらの1アミノ酸置換の複数の組合せを決定した(Fujino et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2012 Vol. 428(3), p395)。親クローンG8の軽鎖及び重鎖可変領域を用いてFabファージディスプレイベクターを構築した。これを鋳型としたsite-directed mutagenesis PCR及びoverlap extension PCRによる多段階のPCR反応により、抗体の6つの相補性決定領域(LCDR1、LCDR2、LCDR3、HCDR1、HCDR2、HCDR3)を構成する全てのアミノ酸残基を1つずつ全20種類の天然アミノ酸に置換した、包括的1アミノ酸置換変異体ライブラリを構築した。Fabファージディスプレイ法(Fujino et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2012 Vol. 428(3), p395)により、リコンビナントヒ卜PAD4タンパク質(ビオチン標識PAD4)をベイ卜として包括的1アミノ酸置換変異体ライブラリの濃縮を数ラウンド繰り返した。濃縮前(構築直後)のライブラリ及び濃縮後のライブラリに含まれる各クローンの軽鎖及び重鎖可変領域の塩基配列を次世代シーケンサ(Ion GeneStudio S5 System)を用いて解析した。まず、濃縮前後の各ライブラリから数百万リードの配列データを取得して、相補性決定領域における全ての1アミノ酸置換変異体の存在頻度を算出した。次に濃縮前のライブラリと濃縮後のライブラリにおける全ての1アミノ酸置換変異体の存在頻度の変化倍率(濃縮比)を算出し、ライブラリ濃縮による濃縮比の大きさを指標として、ヒ卜PAD4タンパク質に対する親和性を向上させるために有用と考えられる1アミノ酸置換を決定した。この時、抗体の物性に影響を与える可能性のある1アミノ酸置換体(リジンとアルギニン)のデータは除外した。最後にこれらの1アミノ酸置換の総数とアミノ酸配列上での分布状態を考慮し、第二段階で構築するカスタムライブラリでアミノ酸置換を導入する位置を決定した。
まず、親和性向上を目的とした上記の有用アミノ酸置換を複数組合せることにより本格的な相補性決定領域改良用カスタムライブラリを設計した。次にLCDR3とHCDR2にstopコドンを挿入した親クローンG8 Fabファージディスプレイのベクターを構築し、Fabファージディスプレイベクターを鋳型としたクンケル法による部位特異的変異導入法(Fellouseet al., J. Mol. Biol. 2007 Vol. 373, p924)を実施することで、相補性決定領域を上記の設計に基づきランダム化した相補性決定領域改良用カスタムライブラリを構築した。ヒ卜PAD4タンパク質(His tag PAD4、GST-biotin-PAD4)をベイ卜として、Fabファージディスプレイによるライブラリ濃縮を数ラウンド繰り返した。PAD4はカルシウムイオンの有無で構造が変化する可能性があることから、塩化カルシウム存在下、及び非存在下でのセレクションを行い、濃縮検討を実施した。
被験抗体(G8、Lib2(4R)-1-47、Lib1(6R)-1-39、Lib1(6R)-2-37、Lib2(5R)-2-25)のヒトPAD4酵素阻害活性を評価した。被験抗体の終濃度が600、200、66.67、22.22、7.41、2. 47、0.82、0.27、0.09 nMになるように、ヒトPAD4(終濃度10 nM)と1 mM DTT、150 mM NaClを含む50 mM HEPES 緩衝液(pH 7.6)を混合した。37℃で1時間インキュベーションした後、攪拌しながらBAEE(ベンゾイルアルギニンエチルエステル)を加え、さらにCaCl2を加えてよく攪拌した(BAEEの終濃度は10 mM、カルシウムイオンの終濃度は10 mM)。この溶液を37℃で3時間インキュベーションした後、シトルリン化されたBAEEのシトルリン残基を2,3-ブタンジオンモノオキシムとチオセミカルバジドを含む混合液を用いて比色定量した。
被験抗体(G8、Lib2(4R)-1-47、Lib1(6R)-1-39、Lib1(6R)-2-37、Lib2(5R)-2-25)はヒトPAD4の酵素活性を阻害し、IC50はそれぞれ21.6、9.6、8.7、13.4、8.3 nMだった。
被験抗体(G8ss、2-1-47、3-1-39、3-2-37、4-2-25)のヒ卜PAD4タンパク質に対する結合親和性は表面プラズモン共鳴装置Biacore T200(GE Healthcare)を用いてHBS-EP+中での解離定数(KD)を測定することで決定した。Biotin Capture Kit(GE Healthcare)を用いてビオチン標識したヒ卜PAD4タンパク質をセンサーチップに固定化した。HBS-EP+を用いて前記PAD4タンパク質を0.5 μg/mLに調製し、リガンド溶液とした。リガンド溶液をフローセルに流速10 μL/minにて30秒間添加し、その後の60秒間HBS-EP+を添加した。リガンド溶液を添加しないフローセルをリファレンスセルとした。HBS-EP+を用いて被験抗体を数百pMから数nMに調製し、アナライト溶液とした。また、ランニング緩衝液をブランク溶液とした。ブランク溶液あるいはアナライト溶液をsingle-cycle法を用いて流速30μL/minにて180秒間添加し、解離時間は1200秒間とした。ブランク溶液あるいはアナライト溶液を添加した際のリガンドを添加したフローセルのセンサーグラムからリファレンスセルのセンサーグラムを差し引き、さらにアナライト溶液を添加したセンサーグラムからブランク溶液を添加したセンサーグラムを差し引いたものを解析に用いた。Biacore T200 Evaluation software(GE Healthcare)を用いて、1:1結合モデルを用いて結合パラメータを算出した。算出した結合パラメータを表3に示した。表3に示すように、被験抗体G8ssはヒトPAD4タンパク質に結合速度定数kon=6.15×106 (1/Ms)、解離速度定数koff=1.22×10-3 (1/s)、解離定数KD=199 pMの結合親和性で結合した。相補性決定領域を改良した抗体2-1-47、3-1-39、3-2-37、4-2-25のヒ卜PAD4タンパク質に対する解離定数は、それぞれ31、48、73、20 pMであった。
抗体の保存安定性の指標の一つとして抗原結合活性の保持が含まれる。抗体によって保存安定性は大きく異なることは公知であり、例えば、DiCara et al., mAbs, 2018 Vol. 10(7), p1073に教示されているものでは、4℃あるいは40℃にて保存した抗体の抗原結合能を比較しているが、40℃にて保存した抗体の相対抗原結合活性は4℃にて保存した抗体の相対抗原結合活性の30%以下から100%にわたる。
被験抗体(G8ss、2-1-47、3-1-39、3-2-37、4-2-25)の保存安定性を評価するため、被験抗体を約10 mg/mLの濃度でクエン酸緩衝液(50 mM クエン酸、150 mM NaCl、pH 6.3)に溶解して、4℃あるいは40℃にて4週間保存した。
保存後の抗原結合能の有無を調べるため、表面フラズモン共鳴装置Biacore T200(GE Healthcare)を用いた抗原結合活性測定を行った。凍結保存した被験抗体,4℃あるいは40℃にて4週間保存した被験抗体をランニング緩衝液HBS-EP+を用いて10 μg/mLに調製した。Series S Sensorchip Protein A(GE Healthcare)を用いてフローセル2に被験抗体溶液を流速10 μL/minにて60秒間添加し、センサーチップに固定化した。フローセル1はリファレンスセルとした。フローセル2の被験抗体添加終了後の55秒後の結合量をフローセル1の結合量から差し引きし、抗体結合量とした。次に、ヒ卜PAD4(Cayman Chemical company、Cat. 10500)をHBS-EP+を用いて50 nMに調製し、アナライト溶液とした。アナライト溶液を流速30 μL/minにて120秒間添加して結合相のセンサーグラムを得た。フローセル2のアナライト溶液添加終了の5秒前の結合量をフローセル1の結合量から差し引きし、抗原結合量とした。続いてランニング緩衝液を180秒間添加することで解離相のセンサーグラムを得た。測定は25℃にて行った。抗体結合量及び抗原結合量はデータ解析フログラム(GE Healthcare、Biacore T200 Evaluation Software v3.1)を用いて算出し、各条件での抗原結合量を抗体結合量で除算し相対抗原結合量とした。凍結保存した被験抗体の相対抗原結合量と4℃にて保存した被験抗体の相対抗原結合量は変わらなかった。4℃・4週間保存した各種被験抗体の相対抗原結合量と40℃・4週間保存した被験抗体の相対抗原結合量を比較し、抗原結合活性とした。
表4に示すように、G8ssでは40℃・4週間保存後の抗原結合活性は82.2%だった。2-1-47、3-1-39、3-2-37、4-2-25では、40℃・4週間保存後において、90%以上の抗原結合活性を保持していた。例えば、Pisupati et al., mAbs, 2017 Vol. 9(7), p1197に教示されているように、抗体医薬品レミケード(登録商標)では40℃にて1か月保管しても抗原結合活性は80%以上保持される。また、抗体の生物活性の安定性としては、抗体製剤調製時における抗体の生物活性と比較して、80%以上、好ましくは90%以上の生物活性を保持することが望ましい(例えば、国際公開公報WO2003/018056を参照)。以上より、被験抗体G8ss、2-1-47、3-1-39、3-2-37、4-2-25についており、良好な保存安定性が観察された。
被験抗体(G8ss、3-2-37、3-1-39、4-2-25、2-1-47)のヒトPAD4酵素阻害活性を評価した。被験抗体の終濃度が600、200、66.67、22.22、7.41、2.47、0.82、0.27、0.09 nMになるように、ヒトPAD4(終濃度10 nM)と1 mM EDTA、1 mM DTT、150 mM NaClを含む50 mM HEPES 緩衝液(pH 7.4)を混合した。37℃で1時間インキュベーションした後、攪拌しながらBAEE(ベンゾイルアルギニンエチルエステル)を加え、さらにCaCl2を加えてよく攪拌した(BAEEの終濃度は10 mM、カルシウムイオンの終濃度は10 mM)。この溶液を37℃で3時間インキュベーションした後、シトルリン化されたBAEEのシトルリン残基を2,3-ブタンジオンモノオキシムとチオセミカルバジドを含む混合液を用いて比色定量した。
被験抗体(G8ss、3-2-37、3-1-39、4-2-25、2-1-47)はヒトPAD4の酵素活性を阻害し、IC50はそれぞれ20.3、15.3、8.8、7.6、12.2 nMだった。
抗コラーゲン抗体誘導関節炎(CAIA)モデルマウスを用いて、被験抗体G8ss、2-1-47、3-1-39、3-2-37、4-2-25の薬効評価を行った。CAIAモデルマウスは、関節リウマチ(RA)及び関節炎のモデルマウスである。CAIAモデルマウスの作製方法はマウス関節炎惹起用抗体カクテル(Chondrex Inc., Cat. 53040)のプロトコルに従った。実験条件の概要を図1に示す。0日目に、9週齢の雌Balb/cマウス(6マウス/群)の尾静脈に、抗コラーゲン抗体混合液(1.5 mg)を静脈内投与した。3日目に、25 μg LPS(炎症を誘発する物質)を腹膜内投与した。3日目のLPS投与4時間前に被験抗体、又は対照抗体(ヒトIgG1)を静脈内投与(15 mg/kg)した。3-10日に、関節炎スコアを以下の(i)~(iii)に従い評価した。
(i)評価部位を四肢の各指、甲、関節とした。(ii)関節炎スコアは表5に従って付けた。(iii)関節炎スコアは四肢の各指、甲、関節の合計値の平均で示した(最大値は16/マウス)。関節炎スコアの評価結果を図1に示す。この結果からわかるように、すべての被験抗体は高いRA治療効果を有していた。
コラーゲン誘導関節炎(CIA)モデルマウスを用いて、被験抗体3-2-37の薬効評価を行った。CIAモデルマウスは、5-7週齢の雌DBA/1マウスにウシタイプIIコラーゲンとフロイントアジュバントを初日,および初回免疫から21日後の2回にわたって免疫することで作製した。初回免疫から29日後、関節炎を発症したマウスに被験抗体を0.3 mg/kg、1 mg/kg、または3 mg/kgの用量で尾静脈内に投与した(各群9匹)。初回免疫から36日後、および43日後にも3-2-37を同量投与した。関節炎スコアを以下の(i)~(iii)に従い評価した。(i)評価部位を四肢の各指、甲、関節とした。(ii)関節炎スコアは表6に従って付けた。(iii)関節炎スコアは四肢の各指、甲、関節の合計値の平均で示した(最大値は16/マウス)。関節炎スコアの評価結果を図2に示す。この結果からわかるように、3-2-37は今回設定したいずれの用量でも試験後半で対照抗体投与群に対して関節炎スコア平均を有意に低下させた(Shirley-Williams の多重比較検定、*p<0.025, **p<0.005)。
慢性移植片対宿主病(cGvHD)モデルマウスを用いて、被験抗体3-2-37の薬効評価を行った。cGvHDモデルマウスは、8週齢の雌B6D2F1マウスに8-9週齢の雌DBA/2マウスの脾細胞を移入することで作製した。このマウスはSLE患者で生じるループス腎炎様の腎障害をきたす。脾細胞移入の前日、2週間後、4週間後、および6週間後に被験抗体を3 mg/kg、または30 mg/kgの用量で腹腔内に投与した(各群13匹)。脾細胞移入の2週間後から8週間後まで、週1回の頻度でマウスの下腹部を圧迫して採尿し、尿中のタンパク濃度とクレアチニン濃度を測定した。脾細胞移入の8週間後の尿タンパク濃度を表7に従ってスコア付けした。尿タンパクスコアの評価結果を図3に示す。この結果からわかるように、被験抗体3-2-37の30 mg/kg投与群で対照抗体投与群に対して尿タンパクスコアの有意な減少が認められた(Shirley-Williams の多重比較検定、*p<0.025)。また、尿中のタンパク/クレアチニン比が3未満(Pro/Cre<3)を未発症個体と定義し、被験抗体3-2-37の30 mg/kg投与群と対照抗体投与群の未発症率を経時的にグラフ化した結果を図4に示す。被験抗体投与群の未発症期間の中央値は7週間だったのに対して対照抗体投与群の未発症期間の中央値は4週間であり,被験抗体投与群で有意な未発症期間の延長が認められた(LogRank検定、p<0.05)。
配列番号1 :抗PAD4抗体のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号2 :抗PAD4抗体のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列(混合配列)
配列番号3 :抗PAD4抗体のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列(混合配列)
配列番号4 :抗PAD4抗体のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号5 :抗PAD4抗体のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号6 :抗PAD4抗体のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列(混合配列)
配列番号7 :抗PAD4抗体Lib2(4R)-1-47, 2-1-47のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号8 :抗PAD4抗体Lib1(6R)-1-39, 3-1-39のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号9 :抗PAD4抗体Lib1(6R)-2-37, 3-2-37のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号10:抗PAD4抗体Lib2(5R)-2-25, 4-2-25のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号11:抗PAD4抗体G8, G8ss, Lib2(4R)-1-47, 2-1-47, Lib1(6R)-1-39, 3-1-39, Lib2(5R)-2-25, 4-2-25のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号12:抗PAD4抗体Lib1(6R)-2-37, 3-2-37のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号13:抗PAD4抗体Lib2(4R)-1-47, 2-1-47, Lib1(6R)-1-39, 3-1-39のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号14:抗PAD4抗体Lib1(6R)-2-37, 3-2-37のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号15:抗PAD4抗体Lib2(5R)-2-25, 4-2-25のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号16:抗PAD4抗体2-1-47の重鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号17:抗PAD4抗体Lib2(4R)-1-47, 2-1-47の軽鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号18:抗PAD4抗体3-1-39の重鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号19:抗PAD4抗体Lib1(6R)-1-39, 3-1-39の軽鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号20:抗PAD4抗体3-2-37の重鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号21:抗PAD4抗体Lib1(6R)-2-37, 3-2-37の軽鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号22:抗PAD4抗体4-2-25の重鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号23:抗PAD4抗体Lib2(5R)-2-25, 4-2-25の軽鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号24:抗PAD4抗体G8, G8ssのHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号25:抗PAD4抗体G8, G8ssのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号26:抗PAD4抗体G8の重鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号27:抗PAD4抗体G8, G8ssの軽鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号28:抗PAD4抗体G8ssの重鎖全長のアミノ酸配列
配列番号29:PAD4のアミノ酸配列
配列番号30:抗PAD4抗体G8の重鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号31:抗PAD4抗体G8, G8ssの軽鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号32:抗PAD4抗体2-1-47の重鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号33:抗PAD4抗体2-1-47の軽鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号34:抗PAD4抗体3-1-39の重鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号35:抗PAD4抗体3-1-39の軽鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号36:抗PAD4抗体3-2-37の重鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号37:抗PAD4抗体3-2-37の軽鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号38:抗PAD4抗体4-2-25の重鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号39:抗PAD4抗体4-2-25の軽鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
配列番号40:抗PAD4抗体G8ssの重鎖全長をコードする塩基配列
Claims (28)
- HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号6のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
- HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号7~10のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号11又は12のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号13~15のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
- a-1)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-1)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-1)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-1)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号15のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - a-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号7のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号13のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号9のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号12のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号14のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号10のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号15のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - a-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号16のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号17のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号18のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号19のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号20のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号21のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号22のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号23のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - a-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号16のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号17のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号18のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号19のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号20のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号21のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号22のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号23のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、請求項5に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - a-5)重鎖が配列番号16のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖が配列番号17のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
b-5)重鎖が配列番号18のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖が配列番号19のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
c-5)重鎖が配列番号20のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖が配列番号21のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、及び
d-5)重鎖が配列番号22のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖が配列番号23のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片、
から選択される、請求項5又は6に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - 重鎖の84番目のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸が、セリンである、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
- PAD4に対するKD値が、100pM以下である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片であって、
該抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片を40℃で1カ月間保存したとき、該保存前の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片が有するPAD4結合量に比して、90%以上の結合量を有するものである、
抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - e-1)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR2が配列番号24のアミノ酸配列を含み、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含み、LCDR3が配列番号25のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片であって、
重鎖の84番目のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸が、セリンである、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - e-2)HCDR1が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR2が配列番号24のアミノ酸配列からなり、HCDR3が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR1が配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR2が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列からなり、LCDR3が配列番号25のアミノ酸配列からなる、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片であって、
重鎖の84番目のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸が、セリンである、請求項11に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - e-3)重鎖可変領域が配列番号28のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号27のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列を含む、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
- e-4)重鎖可変領域が配列番号28のアミノ酸番号1~120のアミノ酸配列からなり、軽鎖可変領域が配列番号27のアミノ酸番号1~105のアミノ酸配列からなる、
請求項13に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - e-5)重鎖が配列番号28からなり、軽鎖が配列番号27からなる、
請求項13又は14に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。 - 請求項11~15のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片であって、生成時に生じる切断が総生成量の3%未満である、抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
- 抗体が、中和抗体である、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
- 抗体が、配列番号29で表されるPAD4の結合抗体である、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片。
- 請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片をコードする塩基配列を含む、核酸分子。
- 請求項19に記載の核酸分子を含む、組換えベクター。
- 請求項20に記載の組換えベクターを含む、形質転換体。
- 請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体又はその抗体断片を含む、医薬組成物。
- 関節リウマチ若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病の予防剤又は治療剤である、請求項22に記載の医薬組成物。
- タンパク質におけるシトルリン化の抑制剤である、請求項22又は23のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 細胞におけるネトーシスの抑制剤である、請求項22~24のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 関節リウマチ若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病を予防又は治療するための、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体若しくはその抗体断片、又は請求項22~25のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物の使用。
- 関節リウマチ若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病の予防剤又は治療剤を製造するための、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体若しくはその抗体断片、又は請求項22~25のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物の使用。
- 請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の抗PAD4抗体若しくはその抗体断片、又は請求項22~25のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物を有効量投与することによる、関節リウマチ若しくは関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ループス腎炎、又は移植片対宿主病の予防又は治療方法。
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| IL305264A IL305264A (en) | 2021-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | Anti-PAD4 antibodies, preparations containing them and their uses |
| JP2023500937A JP7620079B2 (ja) | 2021-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | 新規抗pad4抗体 |
| US18/546,981 US20240309112A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | Novel anti-pad4 antibody |
| CA3211994A CA3211994A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | Novel anti-pad4 antibody |
| KR1020237031310A KR20230146591A (ko) | 2021-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | 신규 항pad4 항체 |
| MX2023009693A MX2023009693A (es) | 2021-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | Anticuerpo anti-peptidilarginina desiminasa 4 (pad4) novedoso. |
| CN202280014993.0A CN116867900A (zh) | 2021-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | 新型抗pad4抗体 |
| EP22756287.3A EP4296357A4 (en) | 2021-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | Novel anti-pad4 antibody |
| JP2025003776A JP2025061182A (ja) | 2021-02-18 | 2025-01-09 | 新規抗pad4抗体 |
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| WO2024133161A1 (en) | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-27 | Astrazeneca Ab | Treatment of autoimmune disease |
| WO2025024265A1 (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2025-01-30 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Methods of assessing citrullination and activity of pad4 modulators |
| WO2025137344A1 (en) | 2023-12-20 | 2025-06-26 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Antibodies targeting il-18 receptor beta (il-18rβ) and related methods |
| WO2025155877A3 (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2025-09-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Antibodies binding to pad4 and uses thereof |
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| WO2024133161A1 (en) | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-27 | Astrazeneca Ab | Treatment of autoimmune disease |
| WO2025024265A1 (en) | 2023-07-21 | 2025-01-30 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Methods of assessing citrullination and activity of pad4 modulators |
| WO2025137344A1 (en) | 2023-12-20 | 2025-06-26 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Antibodies targeting il-18 receptor beta (il-18rβ) and related methods |
| WO2025155877A3 (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2025-09-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Antibodies binding to pad4 and uses thereof |
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| TW202241965A (zh) | 2022-11-01 |
| CA3211994A1 (en) | 2022-08-25 |
| US20240309112A1 (en) | 2024-09-19 |
| JP2025061182A (ja) | 2025-04-10 |
| EP4296357A1 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
| IL305264A (en) | 2023-10-01 |
| AR124914A1 (es) | 2023-05-17 |
| JP7620079B2 (ja) | 2025-01-22 |
| JPWO2022176970A1 (ja) | 2022-08-25 |
| CN116867900A (zh) | 2023-10-10 |
| AU2022224198A1 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
| EP4296357A4 (en) | 2025-08-13 |
| MX2023009693A (es) | 2023-08-28 |
| AU2022224198A9 (en) | 2023-10-05 |
| TWI826934B (zh) | 2023-12-21 |
| AU2022224198B2 (en) | 2025-09-11 |
| KR20230146591A (ko) | 2023-10-19 |
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