WO2022064980A1 - 摩擦圧接方法 - Google Patents
摩擦圧接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022064980A1 WO2022064980A1 PCT/JP2021/032079 JP2021032079W WO2022064980A1 WO 2022064980 A1 WO2022064980 A1 WO 2022064980A1 JP 2021032079 W JP2021032079 W JP 2021032079W WO 2022064980 A1 WO2022064980 A1 WO 2022064980A1
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- interface
- friction welding
- bonding
- temperature
- outer peripheral
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/24—Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a friction welding method for metal materials, and more specifically, to a friction welding method capable of accurately controlling the joining temperature and a joining structure obtained by the friction welding method.
- Typical solid-phase joining methods include “friction stir welding (FSW)” in which a columnar tool that rotates at high speed is press-fitted into the material to be joined, and a rotating cylindrical material to be joined is fixed. Examples thereof include “friction pressure welding” in which the material to be joined is brought into contact with the material to be joined.
- FSW frequency stir welding
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-287851 proposes a method of providing a friction welding joint made of a high-tensile steel material whose hardness is substantially uniform over the radius of gyration of friction welding.
- the friction welding joint of a high tension steel material described in Patent Document 1 has a fine structure having a crystal grain size of 2 ⁇ m or less, a tensile strength of 60 kgf / mm 2 or more, and a carbon content of 0.1 wt% or less.
- This is a friction welding joint made of high tension steel material, and the carbon content of the high tension steel material is suppressed to as low as 0.1 wt%. Due to this low carbon content of 0.1 wt% or less, the outer peripheral portion of the high-strength steel material is suppressed from structural change and hardening is suppressed during friction welding.
- Patent Document 2 (Re-Table 2017-022184) two metal bonded materials are used. This is a friction welding method in which the surfaces to be welded are slid in contact with each other. At least one of the metal materials to be welded is made of an iron-based material, and the maximum temperature reached during joining is the A3 point of the iron - based material.
- the bonding pressure applied substantially perpendicular to the surface to be bonded is 100 to 300 MPa, and the maximum sliding speed of the metal bonded material is 75 to 380 mm / sec. Therefore, the maximum temperature reached during joining can be set to A 3 points or less or A cm points or less of the iron-based material.
- One of the advantages of friction welding which is solid-phase welding, is that the joining temperature is lower than that of hot-dip welding. It is expected to suppress the formation of a fragile intermetallic compound layer.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a friction welding joint made of a high-tensile steel material whose hardness is substantially uniform over the radius of gyration of friction welding. It is essential to have it, and the target material to be welded is limited to an extremely narrow range.
- the friction welding method disclosed in Patent Document 2 can effectively reduce the friction welding temperature, but the uniformity of the bonding temperature at the interface to be bonded is not considered.
- the peripheral speeds of the central part and the outer peripheral part of the interface to be joined are different, so basically non-uniformity of the temperature distribution is unavoidable.
- the non-uniform bonding temperature distribution at the interface to be bonded is a very serious problem in dissimilar material bonding in which the joint strength is greatly affected by the state of the intermetallic compound layer formed at the bonding interface.
- an object of the present invention is that the bonding temperature can be accurately controlled, the bonding temperature can be lowered, and the distribution of the bonding temperature at the interface to be welded is uniform. It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction welding method which can be applied and a bonded structure obtained by the method.
- the present inventor has made the maximum sliding speed at the time of friction welding smaller than a certain value so that the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the interface to be joined rise.
- the temperature rate and temperature distribution can be controlled to the same extent, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention It is a friction welding method in which one member is brought into contact with the other member and slid with a joining pressure applied substantially perpendicular to the interface to be joined.
- the maximum sliding speed is 53 mm / sec or less, and the difference in temperature rise rate between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be joined is within 10 ° C./sec.
- the difference in the maximum temperature reached between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be joined shall be within 50 ° C.
- a friction welding method characterized by the above.
- the highest sliding speed during friction welding is in the outer peripheral part of the material to be joined, and it is considered that the heat generation in the outer peripheral part is larger than that in the central part, which is the main cause of the non-uniform joining temperature. .. From this point of view, various friction welding conditions were examined in order to make the temperature distribution of the interface to be joined uniform during the joining process, and the maximum sliding speed (sliding speed of the outermost circumference of the material to be joined) was 53 mm / sec or less.
- the difference in the temperature rise rate between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be welded is within 10 ° C./sec, and as a result, the difference in the maximum temperature reached between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be welded is within 50 ° C. It became clear that it would be.
- the difference in the heating rate between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be joined is within 5 ° C./sec.
- the maximum sliding speed is 21 mm / sec or less.
- the difference in temperature rise rate between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be joined is within 10 ° C./sec, and the temperature rise rate is set to a lower value. It is possible to make the temperature distribution at the interface to be joined more uniform and lower the temperature.
- the lower limit of the maximum sliding speed is not particularly limited, and may be a value that suppresses the formation of defects and unjoined portions due to insufficient calorific value.
- the joining pressure exceeds 300 MPa and is equal to or less than the yield stress of one member and the other member at room temperature. Further, the joining pressure is more preferably 400 MPa or more.
- the joining temperature in friction welding can be lowered by increasing the joining pressure. That is, the joining temperature can be lowered by using a high pressure that is not used in general friction welding of more than 300 MPa or 400 MPa or more.
- a high pressure is applied at a low bonding temperature, a large amount of strain is introduced in the vicinity of the interface to be bonded, and a strong bonding portion using recrystallization can be formed.
- the reason why the joining pressure is set to be equal to or lower than the yield stress of the material to be joined is to suppress buckling during the joining process.
- the one member and the other member have different compositions.
- the reaction between one member and the other member at the bonding interface becomes a problem.
- the bonding temperature is controlled to be low, and the difference in the maximum temperature reached between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the interface to be bonded is within 50 ° C. Even when the intermetallic compound layer is formed, a uniform and thin intermetallic compound layer is formed over the entire bonding interface.
- the bonding pressure is reduced and an intermetallic compound layer having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more is formed at the interface to be bonded. In some cases and / or when a heat-affected zone having a hardness lower than that of the base metal by 10% or more is formed, it is preferable to increase the bonding pressure.
- the joining temperature can be raised by reducing the joining pressure, and defects can be suppressed by improving the material fluidity near the interface to be joined.
- the bonding temperature can be lowered by increasing the bonding pressure, and the formation of an intermetallic compound layer with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more and the heat-affected zone whose hardness is reduced by 10% or more as compared with the base metal. The formation can be suppressed.
- the diameter of the interface to be joined is 50 mm or less.
- the diameter of the more preferable interface to be joined is 30 mm or less, and the diameter of the most preferable interface to be joined is 10 mm or less.
- one of the members is a titanium alloy material and the other member is a steel material.
- a fragile intermetallic compound layer is easily formed at the bonding interface, and it is difficult to control the film thickness of the intermetallic compound layer.
- the one member and the other member have different compositions.
- the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer formed at the junction interface of the friction welding portion is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness (T p ) of the intermetallic compound at the outer peripheral portion and the thickness ( TC ) of the intermetallic compound at the central portion at the bonding interface are 0.8 TC ⁇ T p ⁇ 1.2 TC .
- a mixed layer composed of the one member and the other member is not formed at the bonding interface.
- joined structures characterized by.
- the most characteristic feature of the bonded structure of the present invention is that it has a friction welding portion and a thin and uniform intermetallic compound layer is formed over the entire area of the bonding interface of the friction welding portion.
- the "mixed layer” which is a serious problem in friction welding of different materials, is completely suppressed.
- the thickness of the intermetallic compound (T p ) at the outer peripheral portion and the thickness ( TC ) of the intermetallic compound at the central portion at the bonding interface are 0.8 TC ⁇ T p ⁇ 1.2 TC .
- 0.9TC ⁇ T p ⁇ 1.1TC is preferable, and 0.95TC ⁇ T p ⁇ 1.05TC is more preferable.
- the diameter of the bonded interface is 10 to 50 mm. Since the diameter of the interface to be joined is 10 to 50 mm, the intermetallic compound is 0.8 TC ⁇ T p ⁇ 1.2 TC , and the formation of defects and unbonded portions is sufficiently suppressed. There is.
- one of the members is a titanium alloy material and the other member is a steel material.
- a fragile intermetallic compound layer is easily formed at the joint interface, and it is difficult to control the film thickness of the intermetallic compound layer.
- an extremely thin and uniform intermetallic compound layer is formed over the entire area of the bonding interface, and a bonding portion without defects, unbonded portions and mixed layers is formed.
- a friction welding method capable of making the distribution of the joining temperature at the interface to be joined uniform, and the joining obtained thereby. Structures can be provided.
- 3 is an SEM photograph of the outer peripheral portion of the bonding interface obtained under the implementation bonding condition 2.
- 6 is an SEM photograph of the center of the interface obtained under the implementation joining condition 1.
- 6 is an SEM photograph of the outer peripheral portion of the bonding interface obtained under the implementation bonding condition 1.
- 3 is an SEM photograph of the center of the interface obtained under the implementation joining condition 3.
- 3 is an SEM photograph of the outer peripheral portion of the bonding interface obtained under the implementation bonding condition 3.
- 6 is an SEM photograph of the center of the interface obtained under the implementation joining condition 3.
- 6 is an SEM photograph of the center of the interface obtained under the implementation joining condition 4.
- 6 is an SEM photograph of the center of the interface obtained under the implementation joining condition 5.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a joining process of friction welding of the present invention.
- the friction welding method of the present invention is a friction welding method in which one member 2 is brought into contact with the other member 4 and rotationally slid in a state where a load is applied substantially perpendicular to the interface to be joined 6.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the interface to be joined 6.
- one member 2 and / or the other member 4 is rotated, but the case where the interface 6 to be joined is rotated will be described.
- the center of the interface 6 to be bonded does not have a sliding speed.
- the sliding speed becomes the highest during friction welding at the outer peripheral portion of the material to be joined. That is, basically, the joining temperature increases from the central portion to the outer peripheral portion.
- the maximum sliding speed developed in the outer peripheral portion is set to 53 mm / sec or less, so that the difference in the heating rate between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface 6 to be joined is within 5 ° C./sec.
- the method for measuring the temperature change between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and various conventionally known temperature measuring methods can be used.
- the temperature history can be measured by arranging thermocouples in the central portion and the outer peripheral portion immediately below the interface to be joined 6 on the fixed side (the other member 4 in FIG. 1).
- the correlation between the value obtained by the radiation thermometer and the value obtained by the thermocouple may be obtained, and the value of the radiation thermometer may be corrected and used.
- the difference in temperature rise rate between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be joined 6 By setting the difference in temperature rise rate between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be joined 6 within 10 ° C./sec, the difference in the maximum temperature reached between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be joined 6 should be within 50 ° C. Can be done.
- the difference between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be joined 6 is more preferably within 5 ° C./sec.
- the difference in heating rate between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion is within 10 ° C./sec ( More preferably, it is within 5 ° C./sec), so that the difference in the maximum temperature reached between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface 6 to be welded can be within 50 ° C.
- the difference in the temperature rise rate between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion at the interface to be joined 6 is within 10 ° C./sec, and the temperature rise rate is further increased.
- the value can be set low, and the temperature distribution at the interface to be joined can be made more uniform and the temperature can be lowered.
- the temperature rise rate can be suppressed to about half when the maximum sliding speed is 21 mm / sec as compared with the case where the maximum sliding speed is 53 mm / sec.
- the lower limit of the maximum sliding speed is not particularly limited, and may be a value that suppresses the formation of defects and unjoined portions due to insufficient calorific value.
- the joining pressure is preferably more than 300 MPa and less than or equal to the yield stress of one member 2 and the other member 4 at room temperature. Further, a more preferable joining pressure is 400 MPa or more. Although it is a principle not used in conventional friction welding, the bonding temperature in friction welding can be lowered by increasing the bonding pressure.
- one member 2 and the other member 4 are rotationally slid on the same locus to cause the interface to be joined.
- the burr 8 is discharged from 6.
- the reason why the burr 8 is discharged is that the yield stress of the material to be bonded at the bonding temperature is lower than the bonding pressure, and the temperature dependence of the yield strength is uniquely determined by the material to be bonded. Since it is determined, the joining temperature can be controlled by the joining pressure.
- FIG. 3 is a graph published in "Iron and Steel, 1981 (1981) No. 11, p. 140", and FIG. 4 is “Iron and Steel, 1987 (1986) No. 6, 55". It is a graph published in "Page”. As shown in these figures, the tensile strength and yield stress at a particular temperature are substantially constant depending on the material.
- the joining pressure when the joining pressure is set high, the material to be joined having higher yield strength and tensile strength can be discharged as the burr 8, and the joining temperature can be lowered. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, since the tensile strength and the yield stress at a specific temperature are substantially constant depending on the material, the joining temperature can be controlled extremely accurately.
- the materials of one member 2 and the other member 4 are not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and various conventionally known metal materials can be used, but one member 2 and the other member 4 are used. It is preferable to have different compositions. When the materials to be joined have different compositions, the reaction between one member and the other member at the joining interface becomes a problem, especially when a fragile intermetallic compound layer is formed thickly at the joining interface. The target property is significantly reduced. On the other hand, in the friction welding method of the present invention, the bonding temperature is controlled to be low, and the difference in the maximum temperature reached between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the interface 6 to be bonded is within 50 ° C.
- the sizes of one member 2 and the other member 4 are not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, but the diameter of the interface 6 to be joined is preferably 50 mm or less, more preferably 30 mm or less. It is preferably 10 mm or less, and most preferably 10 mm or less. By setting the diameter to these values, it is possible to more reliably achieve the uniformity of the joining temperature and the suppression of defects and unjoined portions.
- the bonding pressure applied substantially perpendicular to the interface 6 to be bonded is reduced, and an intermetallic compound layer having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more is formed in the interface 6 to be bonded. And / or when a heat-affected zone whose hardness is reduced by 10% or more as compared with the base metal is formed, it is preferable to increase the bonding pressure.
- the joining temperature can be raised by reducing the joining pressure, and defects can be suppressed by improving the material fluidity in the vicinity of the interface 6 to be joined.
- the bonding temperature can be lowered by increasing the bonding pressure, and the formation of an intermetallic compound layer with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more and the heat-affected zone whose hardness is reduced by 10% or more as compared with the base metal. The formation can be suppressed.
- Only one of the one member 2 and the other member 4 may be rotated, or both may be rotated. Further, one member 2 may be rotated before being brought into contact with the other member 4, or may be rotated after the interface 6 to be joined is formed. In any case, the maximum sliding speed is the relative speed between one member 2 and the other member 4.
- the joining parameters of friction welding such as the deviation allowance are not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and may be appropriately set depending on the material, shape, size and the like of the material to be joined.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a joint portion in the joint structure of the present invention.
- the joint portion 10 is formed by friction welding, and one member 2 and the other member 4 are joined via a joining interface 12.
- the bonded structure of the present invention can be suitably manufactured by the friction welding method of the present invention.
- One member 2 and the other member 4 have different compositions.
- one member 2 may be a steel material and the other member 4 may be a completely different metal material such as an aluminum material, or may be an alloy material in which the main metal is the same and has a different composition.
- the member 2 of the above is a titanium alloy material and the other member 4 is a steel material.
- the member 2 of the above is a titanium alloy material and the other member 4 is a steel material.
- a fragile intermetallic compound layer is easily formed at the joint interface 12, and it is difficult to control the film thickness of the intermetallic compound layer. Is formed with an extremely thin and uniform intermetallic compound layer over the entire area of the bonding interface 12.
- the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer formed at the bonding interface 12 is 1 ⁇ m or less, and the thickness of the intermetallic compound (T p ) at the outer peripheral portion and the thickness of the intermetallic compound at the central portion ( TC ) at the bonding interface 12. ) Is 0.8TC ⁇ T p ⁇ 1.2TC .
- T p and TC are preferably 0.9TC ⁇ T p ⁇ 1.1TC , and more preferably 0.95TC ⁇ T p ⁇ 1.05TC .
- a mixed layer composed of one member 2 and the other member 4 is not formed on the bonding interface 12. If the mixed layer is present at the bonding interface 12, the region becomes the starting point of fracture and the mechanical properties of the joint are significantly deteriorated. However, the mixed layer is completely suppressed at the bonding portion 10, and the bonding is extremely reliable. The structure has been realized.
- the diameter of the bonding interface 12 is preferably 10 to 50 mm.
- the diameter of the bonding interface 12 is 10 to 50 mm, it is possible to form a good bonding interface 12 in which a thin and uniform intermetallic compound layer is formed by using the friction welding method of the present invention.
- a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) round bar having a diameter of 10 mm and a stainless steel (SUS316L) round bar were used as the material to be joined.
- a friction welding machine manufactured by Nitto Seiki was used as the joining device, and friction welding was performed under each of the joining conditions 1 to 5 shown in Table 1.
- the stainless round bar was fixed, and the titanium alloy round bar was rotated at the speed shown in Table 1 and pressed against the stainless round bar side by the friction pressure shown in Table 1. The so-called upset process was not provided, and the joining process was completed when the friction welding described in Table 1 was applied and the deviation of 4 mm was reached.
- Friction welding was performed in the same manner as in the examples except that the joining conditions described as the comparative joining condition 1 and the comparative joining condition 2 were used in Table 1.
- the joining conditions shown in FIG. 6 are the same except for the rotation speed (maximum sliding speed), and the influence of the rotation speed (maximum sliding speed) on the maximum temperature reached and the temperature rise rate can be confirmed.
- the difference becomes smaller as the rotation speed (maximum sliding speed) decreases, and at 100 rpm (52.36 mm / s) or less, the central part.
- the temperature rise rate in the outer peripheral portion are substantially the same.
- the temperature difference between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion is 50 ° C. or less at 100 rpm (52.36 mm / s) or less.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the maximum temperature reached during joining and the rate of temperature rise and the joining conditions.
- the joining conditions shown in FIG. 7 are the same except for the joining pressure, and the influence of the joining pressure on the maximum temperature reached and the rate of temperature rise can be confirmed.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 show the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the bonding interface obtained under the implementation bonding condition 1, respectively. Since the bonding temperature is high due to the low bonding pressure of 400 MPa, a region where the intermetallic compound layer is thick is observed, but no defects or formation of a mixed layer is observed.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 The central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the bonding interface obtained under the implementation bonding condition 3 are shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively. Since the bonding temperature is low due to the high bonding pressure of 500 MPa, an unbonded region is observed in the outer peripheral portion, but the formation of a thick intermetallic compound layer or mixed layer is not observed.
- the rotation speed (maximum sliding speed) is set low enough to sufficiently reduce the difference in temperature history between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the interface to be bonded. It can be seen that controlling the bonding temperature by the bonding pressure and adjusting the temperature so that the unbonded region is not formed is an effective means for obtaining a good bonding portion.
- the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the bonding interface obtained under the implementation bonding condition 5 are shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, respectively.
- the implementation joining condition 5 has a larger difference in sliding speed between the center side and the outer peripheral side at the interface to be joined than the implementation joining condition 2 and the implementation joining condition 3, and a mixed layer is slightly formed at the outer peripheral portion, but defects are formed. No formation of a thick intermetallic compound layer is observed.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 show the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the bonding interface obtained under the comparative bonding condition 2, respectively.
- the rotation speed is as high as 300 rpm (maximum sliding speed: 157.08 mm / s), and the difference between the sliding speed and the maximum reached temperature on the center side and the outer peripheral side at the interface to be joined is large, and the outer circumference is large.
- a remarkable formation of a mixed layer is observed in the part. In addition, it also forms streaky defects.
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Abstract
Description
一方の部材を他方の部材に当接させ、被接合界面に対して略垂直に接合圧力を印加した状態で摺動させる摩擦圧接方法であって、
最高摺動速度を53mm/秒以下として、前記被接合界面における中心部と外周部の昇温速度の差を10℃/秒以内とし、
前記被接合界面における前記中心部と前記外周部の最高到達温度の差を50℃以内とすること、
を特徴とする摩擦圧接方法、を提供する。
一方の部材と他方の部材の摩擦圧接部を有する接合構造物であって、
前記一方の部材と前記他方の部材は異なる組成を有しており、
前記摩擦圧接部の接合界面に形成された金属間化合物層の厚さが1μm以下であり、
前記接合界面における外周部の前記金属間化合物の厚さ(Tp)と中心部の前記金属間化合物の厚さ(TC)とが0.8TC≦Tp≦1.2TCとなり、
前記接合界面に前記一方の部材と前記他方の部材とからなる混合層が形成されていないこと、
を特徴とする接合構造物、も提供する。
図1は本発明の摩擦圧接の接合工程を示す模式図である。本発明の摩擦圧接方法は、一方の部材2を他方の部材4に当接させ、被接合界面6に対して略垂直に荷重を印加した状態で回転摺動させる摩擦圧接方法である。
図5は、本発明の接合構造物における接合部を示す模式図である。接合部10は摩擦圧接によって形成され、一方の部材2と他方の部材4とが接合界面12を介して接合されている。なお、本発明の接合構造物は本発明の摩擦圧接方法によって好適に製造することができる。
被接合材として、直径10mmのチタン合金(Ti-6Al-4V)丸棒及びステンレス(SUS316L)丸棒を用いた。接合装置には日東制機製の摩擦圧接機を用い、表1に示す実施接合条件1~実施接合条件5の各接合条件で摩擦圧接を行った。ステンレス丸棒を固定し、チタン合金丸棒を表1に記載の速度で回転させた状態で表1に記載の摩擦圧力でステンレス丸棒側に押し当てた。なお、所謂アップセット工程は設けず、表1に記載の摩擦圧接を印加した状態で4mmの寄り代に達した時点で接合行程を終了した。
表1に比較接合条件1及び比較接合条件2として記載の接合条件を用いたこと以外は実施例と同様にして、摩擦圧接を行った。
(1)摩擦圧接中の温度履歴
実施接合条件3、実施接合条件5、比較接合条件1及び比較接合条件2に関して、摩擦圧接中の被接合界面の中心部及び外周部の温度履歴を測定した。具体的には、固定側のステンレス丸棒に細孔を設け、被接合界面中心部及び外周部の直下にK熱電対を配置して温度履歴を測定した。接合中の最高到達温度及び昇温速度と接合条件の関係を図6に示す。昇温速度は200~500℃における温度変化から求めた。
接合界面の状況を確認するため、接合部断面試料のSEM観察を行った。SEM観察にはFE-SEM(日本電子株式会社製JSM-7001FA)を用いた。実施接合条件2で得られた接合界面の中心部及び外周部を図8及び図9にそれぞれ示す。中心部及び外周部には欠陥や混合層は認められず、略同一の厚さを有する極めて薄い金属間化合物層を有する良好な接合界面が得られている。
被接合界面における金属間化合物層の状態を詳細に把握するため、STEM-EDS分析を行った。STEM-EDS分析には透過型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製JEM-2100F)を用いた。
得られた接合体に対して、平行部の長さが60mm、直径が9mmとなるように加工を施し、引張試験片とした。バリの除去に伴って接合部の直径が9mmとなっており、僅かに細くなっているが、接合界面の大部分が引張試験片に含まれている。引張試験の条件はクロスヘッド速度を1mm/minとし、島津株式会社製のAutograph AG-10TBを用いて測定を行った。なお、各接合条件で3回の引張試験を行い、引張強度の平均値を求めた。
4・・・他方の部材、
6・・・被接合界面、
8・・・バリ、
10・・・接合部、
12・・・接合界面。
Claims (10)
- 一方の部材を他方の部材に当接させ、被接合界面に対して略垂直に接合圧力を印加した状態で摺動させる摩擦圧接方法であって、
最高摺動速度を53mm/秒以下として、前記被接合界面における中心部と外周部の昇温速度の差を10℃/秒以内とし、
前記被接合界面における前記中心部と前記外周部の最高到達温度の差を50℃以内とすること、
を特徴とする摩擦圧接方法。 - 前記最高摺動速度を21mm/秒以下とすること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の摩擦圧接方法。 - 前記接合圧力を300MPa超かつ前記一方の部材及び前記他方の部材の室温における降伏応力以下とすること、
を特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の摩擦圧接方法。 - 前記一方の部材と前記他方の部材が異なる組成を有すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~3のうちのいずれかに記載の摩擦圧接方法。 - 前記被接合界面に欠陥が形成される場合は、前記接合圧力を減少させ、
前記被接合界面に厚さが1μm以上の金属間化合物層が形成される場合及び/又は母材と比較して硬度が10%以上低下する熱影響部が形成される場合は、前記接合圧力を増加させること、
を特徴とする請求項1~4のうちのいずれかに記載の摩擦圧接方法。 - 前記被接合界面の直径を50mm以下とすること、
を特徴とする請求項1~5のうちのいずれかに記載の摩擦圧接方法。 - 前記一方の部材をチタン合金材とし、前記他方の部材を鋼材とすること、
を特徴とする請求項1~6のうちのいずれかに記載の摩擦圧接方法。 - 一方の部材と他方の部材の摩擦圧接部を有する接合構造物であって、
前記一方の部材と前記他方の部材は異なる組成を有しており、
前記摩擦圧接部の接合界面に形成された金属間化合物層の厚さが1μm以下であり、
前記接合界面における外周部の前記金属間化合物の厚さ(Tp)と中心部の前記金属間化合物の厚さ(TC)とが0.8TC≦Tp≦1.2TCとなり、
前記接合界面に前記一方の部材と前記他方の部材とからなる混合層が形成されていないこと、
を特徴とする接合構造物。 - 前記接合界面の直径が10~50mmであること、
を特徴とする請求項8に記載の接合構造物。 - 前記一方の部材がチタン合金材であり、
前記他方の部材が鋼材であること、
を特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の接合構造物。
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| US18/028,000 US12240052B2 (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2021-09-01 | Friction pressure welding method |
| JP2022551228A JP7636007B2 (ja) | 2020-09-25 | 2021-09-01 | 摩擦圧接方法 |
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| WO2018168687A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 摩擦圧接方法 |
| WO2019181360A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 金属材の固相接合方法及び固相接合装置 |
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| US3234646A (en) * | 1959-08-12 | 1966-02-15 | American Mach & Foundry | Friction welding |
| US3269002A (en) * | 1959-08-12 | 1966-08-30 | American Mach & Foundry | Friction welding |
| US3235162A (en) * | 1962-07-02 | 1966-02-15 | American Mach & Foundry | Friction welding |
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| WO2017022184A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 摩擦接合方法 |
| WO2018168687A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 摩擦圧接方法 |
| WO2019181360A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 金属材の固相接合方法及び固相接合装置 |
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| US20230339039A1 (en) | 2023-10-26 |
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