WO2022059751A1 - 吸収性物品の歩容影響度の評価方法 - Google Patents
吸収性物品の歩容影響度の評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022059751A1 WO2022059751A1 PCT/JP2021/034187 JP2021034187W WO2022059751A1 WO 2022059751 A1 WO2022059751 A1 WO 2022059751A1 JP 2021034187 W JP2021034187 W JP 2021034187W WO 2022059751 A1 WO2022059751 A1 WO 2022059751A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
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- the present invention relates to a method for evaluating the degree of gait influence of an absorbent article.
- One of the various performances required for absorbent articles such as disposable diapers is the ease of movement of the lower limbs when worn, and an evaluation method thereof has also been proposed.
- the applicant proposes a method for evaluating the ease of movement of the lower limbs in the state of wearing the diaper based on the degree of muscle load on the lower limbs of the wearer when walking with the pants-type diaper worn. (See Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 it is possible to objectively evaluate the ease of movement of the wearer's lower limbs while wearing a pants-type diaper.
- Even when the difficult infant is the wearer it is possible to objectively evaluate the ease of movement of the lower limbs.
- the present invention is a method for evaluating the degree of gait influence of an absorbent article, which evaluates the degree of influence of wearing the absorbent article on the gait.
- the evaluation method of the present invention preferably includes the following steps (A) to (C).
- (A) A step of walking at least 3 walking cycles without causing a human to wear the absorbent article to be evaluated, and imaging and monitoring a normal gait
- (B) A state of wearing the absorbent article to be evaluated.
- a step of walking at least 3 walking cycles and imaging and monitoring the wearing gait (C) a step of comparing a normal gait and a wearing gait In the step (C), the step (A) and the above Comparing normal gait and wearing gait based on gait-related information and gait-indicating parameters (gait parameters) obtained by analyzing or processing the data obtained as a result of monitoring in step (B). Is preferable. "Analysis or processing" also includes analysis and processing. Further, in the comparison of gaits in the step (C), it is not necessary to use all the data for the three walking cycles monitored in the steps (A) and (B), and only the data for one walking cycle is extracted. Then, the data for one walking cycle may be used for comparison.
- the present invention provides a method for evaluating the degree of gait influence of an absorbent article, which compares and evaluates the degree of influence of wearing the absorbent article on the gait for at least two different absorbent articles.
- the evaluation method of the present invention preferably includes the following steps (D) to (F).
- (D) A step of walking at least 3 walking cycles with one absorbent article worn, and imaging and monitoring the gait at the time of wearing (E) at least 3 with the other absorbent article worn.
- Walking cycle A step of walking and imaging and monitoring the wearing gait (F)
- FIG. 1 is a bird's-eye view of a walking path showing a preferable example of a walking path for monitoring gait.
- FIG. 2 shows a state of mounting a sensor for acquiring a three-dimensional image among the methods for analyzing the monitored gait.
- 3 (a) and 3 (b) are explanatory views of changes in the frontal hip joint angle and the frontal hip joint angle
- FIG. 3 (c) shows walking of an infant wearing a diaper and an infant not wearing a diaper.
- It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the change of the front face hip joint angle in. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are explanatory views of the pelvic angle and the change in the pelvic angle
- FIG. 4 (c) shows the pelvic angle in walking of the infant wearing a diaper and the infant not wearing a diaper. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of change.
- 5 (a) and 5 (b) are explanatory views of changes in the sagittal hip joint angle and the sagittal hip joint angle, and FIG. 5 (c) shows an infant with a diaper and an infant without a diaper. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the change of the sagittal plane hip joint angle in walking.
- 6 (a) and 6 (b) are explanatory views of the center of gravity of the body and the lateral change of the center of gravity of the body, and FIG. 6 (c) shows the body of an infant wearing a diaper and an infant not wearing a diaper.
- FIG. 7 (a) is an explanatory diagram of a vertical change in the center of gravity of the body
- FIG. 7 (b) is a movement distance in the extension direction of the center of gravity of the body in walking of an infant wearing a diaper and an infant not wearing a diaper
- FIG. 8 (a) is an explanatory diagram of the step
- FIG. 8 (b) is a graph showing the measurement result of the step in walking of an infant wearing a diaper and an infant not wearing a diaper.
- 9 (a) is a block diagram of the gait influence degree evaluation system
- FIG. 9 (b) is a flowchart of evaluation by the gait influence degree evaluation system.
- FIG. 9 (b) is a flowchart of evaluation by the gait influence degree evaluation system.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the diaper width direction of the absorber used for the diaper of Test Example 1.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the frontal plane hip joint angle and the ratio of the pressure applied to the inside of the leg.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the measurement results of the frontal plane hip joint angle in the evaluation I of the degree of gait influence.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the measurement results of the total movement distance in the left-right direction of the center of gravity of the body in the evaluation I of the degree of gait influence.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the measurement results of the gait based on the skeletal information in the evaluation II of the degree of gait influence.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the measurement results of the distance between both knees in the evaluation II of the degree of gait influence.
- the performance expected of absorbent articles is improving year by year, for example, to develop a diaper with better movement of the lower limbs when wearing a diaper, or for multiple diapers when wearing a diaper.
- Patent Document 1 attaches an electrode to a leg and measures a change in myoelectric potential during walking, and does not describe anything about monitoring gait.
- the present invention relates to a method for evaluating the degree of gait influence of an absorbent article, which can evaluate the influence of the absorbent article on the human gait with high accuracy.
- the method for evaluating an absorbent article of the present invention is a method for evaluating the influence of an absorbent article such as a diaper on the gait of a wearer who wears it.
- Gait is a dynamic feature such as posture, movement, and joint movement when walking, or a feature when touching the ground such as stride length and stride length, all of which can be visually grasped as a pedestrian. say. Gait is visually monitored by imaging pedestrians. Dynamic features and grounded features may be monitored on one or both.
- the absorbent articles to be evaluated broadly include articles used for absorbing liquid discharged from the human body.
- the absorbent article generally has a liquid-permeable surface sheet, a liquid-impermeable or water-repellent leak-proof sheet, and a liquid-retaining absorber interposed between the two sheets.
- Absorbent articles include, but are not limited to, disposable diapers, menstrual napkins, incontinence pads, panty liners and the like.
- the absorbent article to be evaluated is preferably a disposable diaper.
- Disposable diapers include pants-type diapers and deployable diapers.
- Pants-type diapers generally include an absorbent body having a liquid-permeable surface sheet, a liquid-impermeable or water-repellent leak-proof sheet, and a liquid-retaining absorber disposed between the two sheets.
- the bilateral edges at one end of the absorbent body in the longitudinal direction and the bilateral edges at the other end are joined to each other to form a pants type.
- Deployable diapers generally include an absorbent body having a liquid permeable surface sheet, a liquid impermeable or water repellent leakproof sheet, and a liquid retaining absorber disposed between the two sheets.
- a fastening tape is provided on both side edges of one end of the absorbent body in the longitudinal direction, and a fastening region to which the fastening tape is fastened is provided on the outer surface of the other end.
- the diaper to be evaluated may be an adult diaper or an infant diaper.
- the preferred method for evaluating the first embodiment of the present invention is a method for evaluating the degree of gait influence of an absorbent article, which evaluates the degree of influence of wearing the absorbent article on the gait.
- the evaluation method of the first embodiment includes the following steps (A) to (C).
- the steps (A) and (B) may be performed in any order.
- the step (B) may be performed after the step (A), or the step (A) may be performed after the step (B).
- Step (A) is a step of walking at least three walking cycles without causing a human to wear the absorbent article to be evaluated, and monitoring the gait.
- a gait in which an absorbent article is not worn is called a normal gait.
- the gait in which the absorbent article is worn is called the gait when worn.
- the "state in which the absorbent article is not worn” is a state in which nothing is attached to the body, or a state in which only underwear made of a cloth without a absorbent or a non-woven fabric is worn.
- a case where the absorbent article to be evaluated is a disposable diaper (hereinafter, also referred to as a diaper) will be described as an example.
- the human is walked and the walking state is monitored without causing the human to wear the absorbent article to be evaluated. It is preferable that the monitoring is performed by photographing a walking human with a known imaging device.
- the photographing device may be one that captures a moving image or one that captures still images a plurality of times at appropriate intervals. It is also possible to use a three-dimensional motion capture device (three-dimensional motion analysis device) capable of capturing the positions of each of the markers installed at a plurality of locations on the wearer's body for a predetermined time.
- an appropriate marker may be selected and used according to the type of the device, for example, a sheet-like or spherical marker that reflects various light rays such as infrared rays. Members can be used.
- a particularly preferred imaging device is a Vicon camera system, for example Vicon's Vantage / Vero camera system can be used.
- the Vicon camera system can measure marker position information and movement information with high accuracy and in real time, and by processing the information using motion capture software such as Nexus, Shogun, Tracker, Polygon, and Pegasus, steps are taken. In addition to the shooting in 2, it is possible to easily measure the change in the wearer with time in step 3.
- step (A) the gait of a walked human is monitored, and data on changes in the position of markers that occur during at least three walking cycles are obtained. By monitoring the gait for three walking cycles or more, more accurate evaluation becomes possible.
- the skeletal information acquisition technology for example, the neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips, knees, ankles, etc. are extracted, and the extracted parts are indicated by dots and lines to estimate the posture. It is also possible to specify the joint position by using the skeletal information acquisition technology. By using the moving image data obtained by photographing the gait and the skeleton information acquisition technique, it becomes easy to measure the gait parameters used for comparing the gaits and their changes.
- the step (B) is a step of allowing a human to walk for at least three walking cycles in a state where the absorbent article to be evaluated is worn, and monitoring the gait at the time of wearing. It is preferable that the monitoring is performed by photographing a walking human with a known imaging device. It is preferable that the person who walks in the step (A) and the person who walks in the step (B) are basically the same person from the viewpoint of eliminating the influence of individual differences, but it is not limited to this, and a plurality of people with similar attributes. It is not always the same person because it is possible to compare groups of people. In step (B), it is preferable that the diaper to be evaluated is worn by a person of an age at which the diaper is expected to be worn.
- the wearer of an adult diaper is an adult
- the wearer of an infant diaper is an infant
- the wearer of an infant diaper is an infant.
- the age referred to herein also includes the age of the moon.
- the walking ability of infants changes significantly from the time when they can get up and stand to the time when they can run around freely, and it is thought that the effect of diapers on walking also changes during the period of rapid development of this walking ability. Therefore, investigating the effects of diapers on the wearer's gait in infants during this period is useful for developing diapers suitable for each stage of development. From this point of view, the wearer is preferably 12 to 30 months old.
- the diaper to be worn by the wearer as an evaluation target is a wet diaper that absorbs a liquid that is supposed to be urine, even if it is a dry diaper that is not made to absorb a liquid that is supposed to be urine. May be good. Water and physiological saline are preferably used as the liquid assuming urine and the like. Compare the case of wearing a dry diaper with the case of wearing a wet diaper, and investigate whether there is a difference in the effect on the gait of the diaper between the dry diaper and the wet diaper. You can also.
- the step (C) is a step of comparing the normal gait and the wearing gait.
- walking information is obtained for each of the normal gait and the wearing gait by a method of analyzing the gait based on the data obtained as a result of the monitoring in the step (A) and the step (B).
- the data obtained as a result of the monitoring is, for example, the position information or movement information of the marker obtained by the Vicon camera system.
- Three-dimensional image analysis is preferable as the method for analyzing the gait. By using 3D image analysis, position information such as body shape, skeleton, and joints involved in walking can be obtained, and by analyzing multiple still images taken in a moving image or continuously, their time-series movements. Information can be obtained.
- motion information is obtained from an optical sensor, which is a method of constructing a capture space with multiple cameras and tracking the position of a reflection marker, and an inertial sensor consisting of a gyro sensor (angle velocimeter) and an accelerometer.
- An inertial sensor type that calculates the position and posture by back calculation, a mechanical type that uses a sensor that measures the rotation angle and displacement such as a position meter and an encoder, and a magnetic sensor that sends a magnetic field to the capture range using a magnetic field generator. Examples include the magnetic type received by.
- an optical motion capture system such as Vicon's Vantage / Vero camera system from the viewpoint of high absolute position accuracy. It is also possible to use (kinect) to output the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points from the moving image without the marker.
- a method for calculating 3D image coordinates from secondary moving image coordinates is also preferable because there are few equipment restrictions and more daily gait can be monitored.
- a method of acquiring 3D image coordinates from a 2D moving image there is a technique of estimating 3D coordinates from a 2D image by using deep learning or a neural network. In either case, the 3D coordinates are constructed by estimating the 2D skeleton point coordinates such as OpenPose.
- the gait parameters include (1) frontal hip joint angle, (2) pelvic angle, (3) sagittal hip joint angle, (4) amount of movement of the body center of gravity, (5) stride, or (6) both knees. It is preferable to include any one or more of the distances between them, and in step (C), changes in the frontal hip joint angle, changes in the pelvic angle, changes in the sagittal hip joint angle, Alternatively, it is preferable to compare the normal gait and the gait when worn based on the amount of movement of the body center of gravity.
- the frontal plane hip joint angle is an index indicating the amount of movement of the thigh segment mainly to the side of the pelvis.
- the front face hip joint angle is, for example, the XYZ coordinate system of the pelvis [see FIG. 4 (a), hereinafter also referred to as the pelvic coordinate system] and the XYZ coordinate system of the thigh segment [see FIG. 3 (a), hereinafter thigh segment coordinates.
- the Z axis of the thigh joint coordinate system is assumed to be on a straight line connecting the hip joint center P1 and the knee joint center P2.
- the hip joint center P1 and the knee joint center P2 can be calculated from the positions of the greater trochanter M1 and the pelvis for the hip joint center P1, and the position of the knee joint center P2 is in the outer knee M2 and the inner knee M3. It can be calculated as a point.
- the position of the pelvis is composed of the sacrum P5 and the left and right anterior superior iliac spines P3 and P4 [see FIG. 4 (a)].
- the Y-axis of the femoral coordinate system is assumed to be on a straight line perpendicular to the plane passing through the hip joint center P1 and passing through the three points of the hip joint center P1, the knee joint center P2, and the large trochanter M1.
- the X-axis of is assumed to pass through the hip joint center P1 and be on a straight line perpendicular to the Y-axis and Z-axis of the femoral coordinate system.
- Each part such as the hip joint center P1 and the knee joint center P2 is obtained by known analysis software such as Visual3D based on the parts detected by, for example, a motion capture device.
- the step of monitoring the gait by monitoring the gait of the wearer for three or more walking cycles, for example, data on the change in the position of the marker that occurs during the three walking cycles can be obtained.
- changes in hip joint angle that occur during one walking cycle can be measured.
- the hip joint angle frontal plane hip joint angle, sagittal plane hip joint angle
- the method for measuring the frontal plane hip joint angle is not limited to the above method. The same applies to the sagittal hip joint angle described later.
- FIG. 3C shows 26 infants aged 18 to 20 months who can walk independently wearing only pants-type diapers 1 to 3 and walk on the walking path 3 shown in FIG. 3 without teaching the speed and stride length. It is a graph showing the change of the hip joint angle for one walking cycle that occurred when the diaper was made to walk together with the result when the same walking was performed in the naked state without wearing a diaper.
- Diapers 1 and 2 have the same composition
- diapers 3 have different configurations from diapers 1 and 2
- diapers 1 and 3 are wet diapers that have absorbed 160 g of saline
- diapers 2 are dry diapers. ..
- the dry state is the state before the saline solution absorbs water.
- a plurality of Vicon 31s are arranged around the walking path 3 shown in FIG. 1 as a three-dimensional motion capture device.
- Reference numeral 32 is a device for measuring the force received from the ground, and a force plate (AMTI, 2000 Hz) was used.
- Table 1 below shows the configurations of diapers 1, 2, and 3.
- the meanings of the absorbent core, the central region, the side region, the pair of bending guide portions, and the other bending guide portions are the same as those in the diaper 4 described in the test example described later (see FIG. 10).
- the dimensions of each part relating to the absorbent core are the values in the dry state.
- a contact pressure measuring device (contact pressure measuring device) that attaches a diaper to a baby model with movable lower limbs and applies the pressure that the diaper gives to the inside of the left and right legs when the left and right legs pass each other as the position where the left and right distance between the legs is the narrowest during walking. It was measured with "AMI3037”) manufactured by AMI Techno Co., Ltd.
- 3B shows the average value of the value of the frontal plane hip joint angle for the right foot and the value of the frontal plane hip joint angle for the left foot, and the average value is within one walking cycle.
- the ratio from the beginning of one walking cycle is 1/2 of the total of the values at the same position.
- the change for one walking cycle for each of the right foot and the left foot is measured for at least three walking cycles for each foot, and the average value of the values at the same position from the start of the one walking cycle is taken and averaged. The change was taken as the change for one cycle for each foot.
- the hip joint angle between the normal gait and the gait when worn it is preferable that there is no difference or small change in the hip joint angle between the normal gait and the gait when worn.
- the integral value of the entire or partial region of one gait cycle in the chart of the change in frontal face hip joint angle of one gait cycle is calculated and the integrated value is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait,
- the integrated value in the case of normal gait is larger than the integrated value in the case of wearing gait, but it is preferable that the difference is small.
- the integrated value is, for example, the area of the region surrounded by the straight line having an angle of zero in FIG. 3C and the curve of the entire walking cycle.
- the difference between the integrated value in the case of normal gait and the integrated value in the case of wearing gait, that is, (integrated value in the case of normal gait)-(integrated value in the case of wearing gait) is 0. It is preferably 5 or more, and more preferably 0 or more and 4 or less. At this time, the area below the straight line with zero angle, that is, the negative region is calculated as a negative value.
- the frontal plane hip joint angle referred to here is an angle when the angle on the adduction side is positive and the angle on the abduction side is negative.
- the maximum value of the frontal plane hip joint angle the value in the case of normal gait is larger than the value in the case of wearing gait, but it is preferable that the difference is small.
- the minimum value of the hip joint angle the value in the case of normal gait is larger than the value in the case of wearing gait, but it is preferable that the difference is small.
- the difference between the maximum value of the frontal plane hip joint angle during normal gait and the maximum value of the frontal plane hip joint angle during wearing gait is, in other words, ( The maximum value in the case of normal gait)-(maximum value in the case of wearing gait) is preferably 0 or more and 2 or less, and more preferably 0 or more and 1.6 or less.
- the difference between the minimum value of the frontal plane hip joint angle during normal gait and the minimum value of the frontal plane hip joint angle during wearing gait is, that is, (minimum value for normal gait)-(walking when worn).
- the minimum value in the case of a volume) is preferably 0 or more and 2 or less, and more preferably 0 or more and 1.6 or less.
- the frontal plane hip joint angle is also an angle when the angle on the adduction side is positive and the angle on the abduction side is negative.
- the value of the frontal plane hip joint angle at a position of a walking distance of 80% of one walking cycle among the predetermined points in the swing period of the frontal plane hip joint angle can be used as a parameter related to gait.
- FIG. 11 shows the frontal hip joint angle at a walking distance of 80% of one walking cycle among predetermined points in the swing phase of the frontal hip joint angle in the non-wearing state (naked) and the wearing state of diapers 1 to 3.
- the relationship between the value of and the ratio of the pressure applied to the inside of the leg is shown in a graph.
- the evaluation result by the evaluation method of the degree of gait influence and the magnitude of the pressure applied to the inside of the leg by the diaper It can be seen that there is a correlation with. Therefore, it is possible to quantify the gait influence degree of the gait influence degree based on the information of such a correlation.
- the evaluation result by the evaluation method of the degree of gait influence of the present invention fluctuates according to the performance such as the ease of walking of the diaper, it is shown that the degree of influence on the gait can be quantified. There is. In this way, when the value of the frontal plane hip joint angle at a predetermined point in the swing period is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, the value in the case of the normal gait is the case of the wearing gait. It is larger than the value, but the difference is preferably small.
- the value of the frontal hip joint angle at a predetermined point in the swing phase is, that is, (in the case of normal gait).
- Frontal hip joint angle at 80% walking distance)-(Frontal hip angle at 80% walking distance when worn) is preferably 0 or more and 3 or less, preferably 0 or more, 2 It is more preferably 5.5 or less.
- a preferred method for evaluating a second embodiment of the present invention is a method for evaluating the degree of gait influence of an absorbent article, which is a comparative evaluation of at least two different absorbent articles.
- the following steps (D) to (F) are included.
- (D) A step of walking for at least 3 walking cycles with one absorbent article worn, and imaging and monitoring the gait when worn
- E At least 3 with the other absorbent article worn.
- Walking cycle A step of walking and imaging and monitoring the wearing gait
- F A step of comparing the wearing gait of the one absorbent article with the wearing gait of the other absorbent article.
- the steps (D) and (E) in the second embodiment can be carried out in the same manner as in the step (B) in the first embodiment.
- the step (F) in the second embodiment can be carried out in the same manner as the step (C) in the second embodiment.
- the steps (D) and (E) may be performed in any order.
- the step (E) may be performed after the step (D), or the step (D) may be performed after the step (E).
- the human walking in the step (D) and the human walking in the step (E) are basically the same person from the viewpoint of eliminating the influence of individual differences, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of people with similar attributes. It is not always the same person because it is possible to compare groups of people.
- the two different absorbent articles may be absorbent articles having different configurations, one in a wet state and the other in a dry state.
- the diaper 3 has a higher tendency of abduction than the diaper 1, so even if both are in the wet state, the wet diaper 3 has a higher tendency than the diaper 1. It can be evaluated that the influence on the wearer's walking is large.
- the acclimation step is a step of performing an acclimation treatment to adapt the absorbent article to the human body shape, and the acclimation treatment includes, for example, after attaching a certain absorbent article to a human, the human is subjected to the acclimation treatment for 3 minutes. It is desirable to walk as described above, and to perform acclimation treatment every time the absorbent article changes.
- the pelvic angle is, for example, when the plane passing through the three points of the left and right upper anterior iliac spines P3 and P4 and the sacral bone P5 is set as the pelvic plane P.
- the changes in the pelvic angle include turning around the X axis in which the sacral bone P5 side of the pelvic plane P is displaced in the vertical direction with respect to the X axis passing through the left and right anterior superior iliac spines P3 and P4, and the left and right anterior superior iliac bones.
- One of the anterior superior iliac spines P3 and P4 on the left and right of the wearer is the anterior side of the wearer and the other is the back of the wearer with respect to the Z axis perpendicular to the pelvic plane P and passing through the central position between the spines P3 and P4.
- One of the left and right anterior superior iliac spines P3 and P4 is vertically upward and the other is vertically downward with respect to the turning around the Z axis moving to the side and the X axis and the Y axis orthogonal to the Z axis. It is possible to exemplify a turn around the Y axis that is displaced toward the direction, and a turn that is a composite type of these two or more types of turns.
- the positions of the anterior superior iliac spines P3 and P4 and the positions of the sacrum P5 can be calculated from the position information of the markers provided corresponding to each, and changes in the pelvic angle that occur during one walking cycle, for example, the above X.
- the position information of the markers provided corresponding to the positions of the anterior superior iliac spines P3 and P4 and the positions of the sacrum P5 and their movements are measured. You can ask.
- FIG. 4C shows 26 infants aged 18 to 20 months wearing pants-type diapers 1 to 3 who can walk independently on the walking path 3 shown in FIG. 3 without teaching the speed and stride length.
- the change in pelvic angle for one walking cycle that occurred at that time, more specifically, the rotation around the Z axis (rotation of the pelvis) is shown together with the result when walking in the same manner without wearing a diaper.
- It is a graph.
- the diapers 1 to 3 are the same as the above-mentioned diapers 1 to 3 including whether they are in a wet state or a dry state in which 160 g of physiological saline is absorbed.
- FIG. 4 (c) shows that for one walking cycle of the right foot, the anterior superior iliac spine P3 on the right side of the wearer externally rotates around the Z axis and moves backward, and for one walking cycle of the left foot. Shows the average value of the turning angle for the right foot and the turning angle for the left foot, with the turning around the Z axis in which the anterior superior iliac spine P4 on the left side of the wearer moves posteriorly as an external rotation.
- walking with diapers 1 to 3 wearing a diaper 1 to 3 has a larger turning angle in the external rotation direction than walking in a naked state.
- the naked state is the state in which the diaper does not affect the wearer's walking most, the pelvic turning angle in the external rotation direction for walking with diapers 1 to 3 and walking with the naked state.
- diaper 1 and diaper 2 have the same configuration, but one is in a wet state and the other is in a dry state. Since the degree is larger, it can be evaluated that the wet diaper 1 has a greater effect on the wearer's walking than the dry diaper 2. In addition, even when both are in a wet state, diaper 3 has a higher tendency for external rotation than diaper 1, so it is evaluated that diaper 3 has a greater effect on the wearer's walking than diaper 1. can do.
- the pelvic angle between the normal gait and the wearing gait.
- the integrated value in the case of a volume is smaller than the integrated value in the case of a gait when worn, but the smaller the difference, the more preferable.
- the integrated value is, for example, the area of the region surrounded by the straight line having an angle of zero in FIG.
- the difference between the integrated value in the case of normal gait and the integrated value in the case of wearing gait, that is, (integrated value in the case of normal gait)-(integrated value in the case of wearing gait) is -450.
- it is preferably 0 or less, and more preferably ⁇ 400 or more and 0 or less.
- the area below the straight line with zero angle, that is, the negative region is calculated as a negative value.
- the differential values in a predetermined region of the chart of the pelvic angle change in one walking cycle between the normal gait and the wearing gait is also preferable to compare the differential values in a predetermined region of the chart of the pelvic angle change in one walking cycle between the normal gait and the wearing gait.
- the value in the case of normal gait is smaller than the value in the case of wearing gait, and the difference is small.
- the value in the case of normal gait is larger than the value in the case of wearing gait, and the difference is small.
- the maximum value of the differential value in the case of normal gait and the differential value in the case of gait when worn in the first half 0-50% of one walking cycle is preferably 1 or more and 1.5 or less, and more preferably 1 or more and 1.3 or less.
- the pelvic angle referred to here is also an angle when the angle on the external rotation side is positive and the angle on the internal rotation side is negative.
- the value of the pelvic angle at a predetermined point in one walking cycle is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, the value in the case of the normal gait is smaller than the value in the case of the wearing gait.
- the difference is preferably small.
- the value of the pelvic angle at a predetermined point in one walking cycle is, that is, (50% in the case of normal gait).
- the pelvic angle at the position of the walking distance)-(the pelvic angle at the position of the walking distance of 50% in the case of wearing gait) is preferably -10 or more and 0 or less, preferably -7 or more and 0 or less. Is even more preferable.
- the sagittal hip joint angle changes as the femoral segment rotates around the X-axis of the pelvic coordinate system [see FIG. 4 (a)], as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b).
- the angle to do For example, it is measured as the tilt angle of the Z axis of the thigh with respect to the XX plane of the pelvis, and the angle increases during flexion and decreases during extension.
- walking with diapers 1 to 3 tends to reduce the sagittal hip joint angle with respect to walking with diapers 1 to 3.
- the naked state is the state in which the diaper does not affect the wearer's walking most
- the size of the sagittal hip joint angle is determined for walking with diapers 1 to 3 and walking with the diaper naked. By comparing, it is possible to evaluate the influence of diapers 1 to 3 on the walking of the wearer. The smaller sagittal hip joint angle when walking with diapers 1 to 3 than when naked indicates that diapers 1 to 3 affect gait.
- the integrated value of the entire or a part of one walking cycle in the chart of the sagittal hip joint angle of one walking cycle is calculated and the integrated value is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, It is preferable that the integrated value in the case of normal gait is smaller than the integrated value in the case of wearing gait and the difference is small.
- the integrated value is, for example, the area of the region surrounded by the straight line having an angle of -10 degrees in FIG. 5 (c) and the curve in the latter half of one walking cycle.
- the difference between the integrated value in the case of normal gait and the integrated value in the case of wearing gait, that is, (integrated value in the case of normal gait)-(integrated value in the case of wearing gait) ) Is preferably 0 or more and 700 or less, and more preferably 0 or more and 650 or less.
- the area below the straight line with zero angle, that is, the negative region is calculated as a negative value.
- the amount of change in the sagittal hip joint angle in one walking cycle is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value, between the normal gait and the wearing gait.
- the amount of change in the sagittal hip joint angle in one walking cycle is the difference between the amount of change in the case of normal gait and the amount of change in the case of gait when worn. (Integrated value in the case of normal gait)-(Integrated value in the case of wearing gait) is preferably ⁇ 300 or more and 5 or less, and more preferably ⁇ 200 or more and 0 or less.
- the center of gravity of the body is the center of gravity P6 of the wearer's body, and in the upright state of the wearer, as shown in FIG. When walking, the position swings from side to side.
- the center of gravity of the head determined by the marker position provided on the head and the upper limb determined by the marker position provided on the upper limb.
- the position of the center of gravity of the entire body is determined in consideration of the center of gravity, the position of the center of gravity of the pelvis determined by the position of the marker provided on the pelvis, and the position of the center of gravity of the lower limbs determined by the position of the marker provided on the lower limbs.
- the method of calculating the position of the center of gravity of the body is known, and can be obtained by using, for example, the function of Visual3D of the motion capture software.
- As the amount of movement of the center of gravity of the body it is preferable to measure the total movement distance in the left-right direction, which is an integral value of the center of gravity of the body in the left-right direction (X direction) during one walking cycle.
- the left-right direction (X direction) is a direction that intersects the traveling direction (Y direction) of the wearer in the plan view of the walking path.
- FIG. 6C shows 26 infants aged 18 to 20 months wearing pants-type diapers 1 to 3 who can walk independently on the walking path 3 shown in FIG. 1 without teaching the speed and stride length. It is a graph which showed the total movement distance in the left-right direction of the center of gravity for one walking cycle that occurred at the time, together with the result when walking in the same manner in the naked state without wearing a diaper.
- the diapers 1 to 3 are the same as the above-mentioned diapers 1 to 3 including whether they are in a wet state or a dry state in which 160 g of physiological saline is absorbed.
- the graph shown in FIG. 6C shows the average value of the total movement distance per walking cycle of the right foot and the total movement distance per walking cycle of the left foot.
- walking with diapers 1 to 3 wearing a diaper 1 to 3 has a larger total movement distance in the left-right direction of the center of gravity than walking with a naked state.
- the naked state is the state in which the diaper does not affect the wearer's walking most, the total movement distance in the left-right direction of the center of gravity for walking with diapers 1 to 3 and walking with naked state.
- the fact that the total movement distance in the left-right direction of the center of gravity is longer in walking with diapers 1 to 3 than in the naked state means that walking with diapers 1 to 3 wearing diapers 1 to 3 is longer than in the naked state.
- diaper 1 and diaper 2 have the same composition, but one is in a wet state and the other is in a dry state. Since the distance is long, it can be evaluated that the wet diaper 1 has a greater influence on the wearer's walking than the dry diaper 2. Even when both are wet, the diaper 3 has a longer total movement distance in the left-right direction of the center of gravity than the diaper 1, so that the diaper 3 has a greater effect on the wearer's walking than the diaper 1. It can be evaluated as difficult to walk.
- the center of gravity of the body In order to be an absorbent article having little influence on walking, it is preferable that there is no difference or a small difference in the amount of movement of the center of gravity of the body between the normal gait and the gait when worn. For example, when the total distance traveled in the left-right direction of the center of gravity of the body in one walking cycle is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, the value in the case of the normal gait is higher than the value in the case of the wearing gait. However, the smaller the difference, the more preferable.
- the total lateral movement distance of the body center of gravity in one walking cycle is the total lateral movement distance of the body center of gravity in the case of normal gait and the walking gait when worn.
- the distance) is preferably ⁇ 0.020 or more and 0 or less, and more preferably ⁇ 0.012 or more and 0 or less.
- the moving distance in the vertical direction of the center of gravity of the body that is, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value can be used as walking information.
- the maximum or minimum value of the vertical movement distance of the center of gravity of the body in one walking cycle or 1/2 walking cycle is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, the value in the case of the normal gait.
- the difference is small.
- the vertical movement distance of the body center of gravity is the total movement distance of the body center of gravity in the vertical direction in the case of normal walking and the body center of gravity in the case of wearing walking distance.
- the difference from the total vertical movement distance, that is, (total vertical movement distance of the body center of gravity in the case of normal walking distance)-(total vertical movement distance of the body center of gravity in the case of wearing walking distance) is 0 or more. , 0.015 or less, more preferably 0 or more, and even more preferably 0.010 or less.
- the maximum value is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, the difference is small on the assumption that the maximum value in the case of the normal gait is larger than the maximum value in the case of the wearing gait.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the vertical movement distance of the center of gravity of the body in one walking cycle or 1/2 walking cycle is the maximum value in the case of normal gait from the viewpoint of making it an absorbent article having a small degree of gait influence.
- the difference between and the maximum value in the case of wearing gait is preferably 0 or more and 0.003 or less. It is more preferably 0 or more and 0.002 or less.
- the minimum value in the case of the normal gait is the case of the wearing gait. Assuming that it is smaller than the minimum value, it is preferable that the difference is small.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the vertical movement distance of the center of gravity of the body in one walking cycle or 1/2 walking cycle is the maximum value in the case of normal gait from the viewpoint of making it an absorbent article having a small degree of gait influence.
- the difference between and the maximum value in the case of wearing gait that is, (maximum value in the case of normal gait)-(maximum value in the case of wearing gait) is -0.001 or more and 0 or less. It is more preferably ⁇ 0.0005 or more and 0 or less.
- changes in the wearer include changes in the hip joint angle (front face hip joint angle, sagittal hip joint angle), changes in the pelvic angle, or movement of the body center of gravity. Since the amount was measured and the effect of the absorbent article on the wearer's walking was evaluated based on the measurement result, as described above, the pelvis gives the walking by comparison with the naked walking. The effect can be evaluated, and the effect of the diaper on walking can be evaluated with high accuracy. For example, the difference in ease of walking, which could not be clearly shown by the conventional method, can be objectively evaluated. It became possible to express it in a realistic manner.
- the subjectivity of the wearer can be eliminated, and it is easy or difficult to walk whether it is a diaper for infants or an adult. Etc. can be evaluated with high accuracy and objective procedure.
- step (C) As changes in the wearer with time, (1) change in frontal plane hip joint angle, (2) change in pelvic angle, and (3) sagittal plane hip joint angle. , (4) Two or more of the movement amount of the body center of gravity may be measured, and the influence of the diaper on the walking of the wearer may be evaluated based on the measurement results of a plurality of indexes. Alternatively, or in addition to these, the walking of the wearer wearing a diaper may be photographed and the walking distance of the walking wearer may be measured.
- the step distance is a straight line connecting the contact positions of the heels of one foot in series with the traveling direction (Y direction) during walking and the contact positions of the heels of the other foot in series with the traveling direction (Y direction) during walking. It is the distance along the X direction between the straight line connecting the two.
- FIG. 7 shows 26 infants aged 18 to 20 months wearing pants-type diapers 1 to 3 who can walk independently on the walking path 3 shown in FIG. 1 without instructing speed or stride length.
- It is a graph which shows the value of the step calculated by taking a picture of it.
- the walking distance the walking distance while wearing the diapers 1 to 3 is larger than that when walking in the naked state.
- the naked state is the state in which the diaper does not affect the wearer's walking most. Therefore, by comparing the walking distance between the walking with diapers 1 to 3 and the walking with naked state, the diaper can be used. The influence of 1 to 3 on the wearer's walking can be evaluated.
- Walking with diapers 1 to 3 has a longer stride than naked, which means that walking with diapers 1 to 3 has a greater effect on walking than naked, making it difficult to walk.
- diaper 1 and diaper 2 have the same composition, but one is in a wet state and the other is in a dry state.
- the wet diaper 1 has a longer step than the dry diaper 2. Therefore, it can be evaluated that the wet diaper 1 has a greater influence on the wearer's walking than the dry diaper 2 and is difficult to walk.
- diaper 3 has a longer step distance than diaper 1, so it is evaluated that diaper 3 has a greater effect on the wearer's walking than diaper 1 and is difficult to walk. can.
- the effect of the diaper on the wearer's gait can be evaluated. Highly accurate diaper evaluation is possible.
- the gait influence evaluation system of the present invention acquires moving image data of a walking person via a network or using a predetermined medium.
- the gait influence evaluation system 200 includes an acquisition unit 110, an extraction unit 120, a calculation unit 130, and a comparative evaluation unit 140.
- the acquisition unit 110 captures the moving image data acquired via the network or using a predetermined medium into the information processing terminal 100.
- the extraction unit 120 extracts a specific human portion in the acquired moving image data. Examples of the extraction unit include a technique for acquiring skeleton information from a known human body image and a motion capture technique for attaching a marker to a specific part.
- the calculation unit 130 calculates a gait parameter indicating the gait using the time change of the position of the extracted specific part.
- the comparative evaluation unit 140 walks with the normal gait parameters calculated from the moving image data obtained by capturing the gait when walking without wearing the absorbent article, and with the absorbent article worn. Compared with the gait parameters of the wearing gait calculated from the moving image data obtained by capturing the gait when the gait was made, or the gait when walking with different absorbent articles worn was imaged.
- the gait parameters of a plurality of gaits when worn calculated from the moving image data are compared with each other, and the result of the comparison is output. It is preferable to output the comparison result in a pan format in which the comparison result is visually grasped.
- the gait influence evaluation system 200 includes an information processing terminal 100 capable of executing various processes, and the information processing terminal 100 is provided with an extraction unit 120, a calculation unit 130, and a comparative evaluation unit 140.
- the information processing terminal 100 includes an input device such as a keyboard and a pointing device, an arithmetic processing device, a storage unit, and the like.
- the moving image data is moving image data taken by an image pickup device
- the image pickup device may be a general RGB camera, a monochrome camera, or a spectrum camera, and the performance and specifications of the image pickup device may be used. Is not restricted.
- the image pickup apparatus includes a video camera, a camera built in a smartphone, a camera built in a tablet terminal, a WEB camera that can be attached to a personal computer or the like by a connecting means such as a cable.
- the gait photographer using the image pickup device may be a developer of an absorbent article, parents of a walking person, grandparents, or the like, and it is also preferable to take a picture with a camera built in a smartphone.
- the captured moving image data is transmitted (delivered) to the developmental stage calculation system 200 via a network or using a predetermined medium.
- the comparison result by the evaluation unit 140 may be output to a display unit, a printing device, or the like included in the developmental stage calculation system 200, or the subject may be transmitted to a smartphone.
- step S10 a plurality of moving image data obtained by capturing a human gait are acquired.
- the moving image data is acquired directly from the image pickup device included in the gait influence degree evaluation system 200, or from an image pickup device independent of the gait influence degree evaluation system 200, via a network or by using a predetermined medium.
- Step S11 is a step of extracting a specific part from the acquired moving image data.
- the specific part referred to here may be a part to which a marker is attached, or may be a part of the human body that moves by walking, which is calculated without attaching the marker.
- Step S12 is a step of calculating gait parameters for a plurality of gaits from a plurality of moving image data.
- step S13 the comparison result is output directly to the display unit included in the gait influence evaluation system 200, or a predetermined medium is sent to another device of the smartphone independent of the gait influence evaluation system 200 via the network or a predetermined medium. It is a step to output using.
- step S12 the gait parameter of the normal gait calculated from the moving image data obtained by capturing the gait when walking without wearing the absorbent article and the gait with the absorbent article worn are made to walk.
- a video that compares the gait parameters of the wearing gait calculated from the moving image data obtained by capturing the gait when the gait is taken, or captures the gait when walking while wearing a different absorbent article. Compare the gait parameters of multiple wearing gaits calculated from the image data.
- the above-mentioned method or the method shown in the test example described later can be adopted.
- the gait impact assessment program of the present invention is, for example, software that causes a computer to function as an impact assessment system.
- a known general-purpose computer a smartphone, a tablet terminal, or the like can be used.
- a general-purpose computer includes a CPU, ROM, RAM, SDD, HDD, and the like.
- the processing of steps S11 to S13 described above is realized by the CPU expanding the program stored in the ROM, the disk, or the like into the RAM and executing the program.
- the processing may be realized by GPU (Graphics Rocessing Unit), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or may be realized by a combination of ASIC and FPGA.
- an absorbent body 4 having a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 10 is arranged between a front surface sheet made of a non-woven fabric and a back surface sheet made of a resin film, and this is used as an absorbent main body.
- a leak-proof cuff formed by fixing an elastic member for forming a leak-proof cuff in an extended state was provided on the leak-proof cuff forming sheet.
- An exterior body was joined to the non-skin facing surface side of the absorbent body, and both side edges of the ventral and dorsal parts of the exterior body were joined to form a pair of side seal portions.
- the absorbent body 4 of the diaper 4 is configured to include an absorbent core 40 containing a fiber material and a water-absorbent polymer 46, and a core wrap sheet 48 covering the surface of the absorbent core 40.
- an absorbent core 40 containing a fiber material and a water-absorbent polymer 46
- a core wrap sheet 48 covering the surface of the absorbent core 40.
- a central absorber 4C and a pair of side absorbers 4S and 4S are provided, and a pair of bending guide portions 45 and 45 are provided between the central absorber 4C and the side absorber 4S.
- Such an absorbent core 40 has a central region 41 in the central absorber 4C and a side region 43 in the side absorber 4S, and the pair of bending guide portions 45, 45 causes the central region 41 and the side region 43. It was classified into.
- the pair of bending guides 45, 45 extend along the longitudinal direction of the diaper at the inseam of the diaper. Further, the bending guide portion 45 was formed of a slit penetrating the absorbent core 40 in the thickness direction Z.
- the absorbent body 4 of the diaper 4 was formed by joining core wrap sheets 48 located on the skin facing surface side and the non-skin facing surface side of the absorbent core 40 to each other in the slit. Table 3 below shows the configurations of each of the diapers 4 and 5.
- W1 is the width of the central region 41
- W2 is the width of the side region
- W3 is the width of the bending guide portion
- Wa is 1/2 of the width W1 of the central region.
- a diaper 5 having the same configuration as the diaper 4 is manufactured except that a thin-walled low basis weight portion is provided as a part of the absorbent core instead of providing a slit in the absorbent core as a bending guide portion. did.
- the compression load (hereinafter, 30 mm compression load) when compressed to a thickness of 30 mm at the crotch portion of the diaper is preferably 7 N or less, more preferably 6.5 N or less.
- the 30 mm compressive load is measured by the following method. After the diaper is expanded and extended to the reference swelling state, the width of the diaper is divided into two equal parts, that is, the diaper is bent along the longitudinal center line CL, and this is used as the test piece 1a.
- the test piece 1a is placed so that the longitudinal direction of the bent diaper (the direction orthogonal to the width direction Y, hereinafter also referred to as “longitudinal direction X”) coincides with the horizontal direction, and that there are no wrinkles or bends in a horizontal place. Place it.
- the test piece 1a is referred to as a longitudinal X center position (hereinafter referred to as "first measurement position") and a position 2.5 cm away from the center position on the ventral side A side (hereinafter referred to as "second measurement position").
- first measurement position a longitudinal X center position
- second measurement position a position 2.5 cm away from the center position on the ventral side A side
- a rectangular acrylic plate having a width of 5 cm and a length of 15 cm and a weight of 28.7 g is placed.
- the acrylic plate is placed so that the width of the acrylic plate coincides with the longitudinal direction X of the diaper and the center of the width coincides with the first measurement position or the second measurement position.
- the acrylic plate is moved downward at a compression rate of 100 mm / min and compressed until the thickness of the test piece 1a reaches 30 mm.
- a material testing machine for example, Autograph AG-X manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- the compressive load when the thickness of the diaper reaches 30 mm at each of the first measurement position and the second measurement position is measured, and the average value of these two points is taken as the 30 mm compressive load.
- the compression load (hereinafter referred to as "10 mm compression load") when the side absorber 4S in the reference swelling state is compressed to a thickness of 10 mm contributes to the 30 mm compression load. .. That is, by adjusting the 10 mm compression load of the side absorber 4S, the 30 mm compression load of the test body 1a can be adjusted within the above range.
- the 10 mm compressive load in at least one side absorber 4S is preferably 4.5 N or less, more preferably 4 N or less, and preferably 0.1 N or more and 4.5 N or less, more preferably 0. It is 5N or more and 4N or less.
- the 10 mm compressive load in both of the pair of side absorbers 4S and 4S is within the above range.
- the method for measuring the 10 mm compressive load of the side absorber 4S is as follows. First, the absorber 4 is taken out from the diaper in the reference swollen state, and placed in a horizontal place without wrinkles or bends so that the skin-facing surface of the absorber 4 faces upward in the vertical direction. Next, the side absorber 4S was compressed until the thickness became 10 mm using a material tester (for example, Autograph AG-X manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) equipped with a rod-shaped compression test jig having a diameter of 2 cm. Measure the compressive load at the time.
- a material tester for example, Autograph AG-X manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- This measurement is performed at any three points in the side absorber 4S where the absorbent core 40 is located, and the average value of these is taken as a 10 mm compressive load.
- Table 4 shows a 30 mm compression load and a 10 mm compression load of the side absorber.
- the gait influence degree of the diapers 1 and 3 and the manufactured diaper 4 was evaluated by a method including the following steps (A), (B), and (C). In this evaluation method, 13 infants aged 12 to 25 months were used as subjects.
- the subject is made to walk at least 3 walking cycles in a state where the diaper is not worn (hereinafter, also referred to as “non-wearing state”), and the walking state is captured by a three-dimensional motion capture device (VICON camera system ⁇ ). 16 200Hz) was used for monitoring.
- VICON camera system ⁇ three-dimensional motion capture device
- 16 200Hz 16 200Hz
- markers were attached to a plurality of places on the subject's body, and the position information and movement information of the markers in the walking state were acquired to monitor the subject's gait.
- the subject was made to walk on a floor reaction force meter (force plate AMTI, 2000 Hz) that measures the force received from the floor.
- the monitoring result obtained in the step (A) was taken as the result of the normal gait.
- the subject was allowed to walk at least three walking cycles in each of the states in which the diapers 1, 3 and 4 were worn, and the walking state was monitored by using the three-dimensional motion capture device. In this monitoring as well, the subject was made to walk the floor reaction force counting.
- diapers 1, 3 and 4 diapers in a swollen state (hereinafter, also referred to as “swelling state”) in which 160 g of physiological saline was injected were prepared by the following method.
- To make the swelling state first, use an oil-based pen to mark the center position of the unused diaper at the center of the longitudinal direction X (the crease of the crotch part of the product) and the center of the width direction Y (hereinafter, hereafter).
- 1st mark is added, and another mark is added at a position 7 cm away from the center position where the 1st mark is attached to the ventral side A side in the longitudinal direction X, and the position where the other mark is attached is marked. It was used as the injection point for physiological saline.
- the portion forming the waist opening WH of the diaper is grasped, and the crotch portion C of the diaper is hung down so that the central position marked with the first mark is the lowest position, and 160 g of the diaper is applied to the injection point.
- Physiological saline was injected at an injection rate of 5 g / sec. A tube pump was used for this injection.
- the diaper was allowed to stand in the drooping state for 1 minute, and this was used as a swollen diaper.
- the monitoring result obtained in the step (B) was taken as the result of the gait when worn.
- the result of the normal gait obtained in the step (A) and the result of the wearing gait obtained in the step (B) were compared.
- 3D image analysis software Visual 3D C-motion
- the frontal hip joint angle is an index that mainly indicates the amount of movement of the femur to the side of the pelvis, and includes the XYZ-axis pelvic coordinate system of the pelvis and the XYZ-axis femoral coordinate system of the thigh.
- the "one walking cycle" is from the time when the subject's left heel touches the floor to the next time the left heel touches the floor during walking.
- the manufactured diaper 4 has no significant difference from the nakedness in the forehead hip joint angle, which is a gait parameter, and is different from the comparative diaper 3 which has a significant difference from the nakedness. A tendency was observed. On the other hand, diaper 1 was not significantly different from naked, but no difference from diaper 3 was observed. As shown in FIG. 13, the manufactured diaper 4 has no significant difference from the naked diaper and the diaper 3 in the total movement distance in the left-right direction of the body center of gravity, which is a gait parameter, and has a difference from the diaper 1. There was a tendency.
- the manufactured diaper 4 has a smaller degree of influence on the gait than other diapers. It can be seen that it is possible to clearly distinguish the difference in the degree of influence on gait for multiple diapers.
- skeletal information was acquired using OpenPose for the video data of the subject's walking.
- the neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips, knees, ankles, and other parts of the video data are extracted, and the extracted parts are synchronized with the video data to show synthetic data with dots and lines, and the parts.
- the subject's walking distance (cm) and the distance between both knees (cm) during walking were calculated, and the average value was calculated.
- the step distance based on this skeletal information was obtained by measuring the distance between the left and right points of the midpoints of the line connecting the outer and inner fruits. Based on this skeletal information, the distance between both knees was determined by measuring the distance between the center of the right knee and the center of the left knee.
- FIG. 14 shows the step distance and FIG. 15 shows the distance between both knees (knee distance) based on the skeletal information during walking. Regarding this step and the distance between both knees, the statistical difference (significant difference) between the two test examples was confirmed by a paired t-test.
- FIG. 14 shows the distance between both knees when the center of the knee is farthest from the center of gravity of the body. The larger the distance between the two knees, the more the left and right knees are open during walking.
- ** (two asterisks) indicates that a significant difference between the two contrasting subjects was found at the significance level p ⁇ 0.01, and * (one asterisk). ) Indicates that the significant difference was observed at the significance level p ⁇ 0.05.
- the manufactured diaper 5 is not significantly different from the naked diaper in both the gait parameter and the distance between both knees (knee distance), and the diapers 1 and 3 are naked. There was a significant difference. In addition, there was a significant difference between diaper 5 and diaper 3 in both the step distance and the distance between both knees (knee distance).
- the method for evaluating the degree of gait influence of the present invention preferably the method for calculating three-dimensional image coordinates from two-dimensional moving image data, the difference in the degree of affecting the gait is clarified for a plurality of diapers. It turns out that it can be distinguished.
- a method for evaluating the degree of gait influence which comprises the following steps (A) to (C).
- B A state of wearing the absorbent article to be evaluated. Then, the process of walking at least 3 walking cycles and imaging and monitoring the gait when worn
- C The process of comparing the normal gait and the gait when worn.
- a method for evaluating the degree of gait influence of an absorbent article which compares and evaluates the degree of influence of wearing the absorbent article on the gait for at least two different absorbent articles.
- a method for evaluating the degree of gait influence which comprises the following steps (D) to (F).
- (D) A step of walking for at least 3 walking cycles with one absorbent article worn, and imaging and monitoring the gait when worn
- E At least 3 with the other absorbent article worn.
- Walking cycle A step of walking and imaging and monitoring the wearing gait (F) A step of comparing the wearing gait of the one absorbent article with the wearing gait of the other absorbent article ⁇ 3>
- moving image data is acquired and The gait effect according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the comparison step includes a three-dimensional analysis step of performing analysis using the three-dimensional information obtained from the moving image data acquired in the monitoring step. How to evaluate the degree.
- two-dimensional moving image data is acquired by an RGB camera, a monochrome camera, or a spectrum camera.
- the above ⁇ 3> which includes a three-dimensional information acquisition step of obtaining three-dimensional information used in the three-dimensional analysis step by calculating three-dimensional image coordinates from the two-dimensional moving image data acquired in the monitoring step. How to evaluate the degree of influence of the pace.
- ⁇ 5> The method for evaluating a gait influence degree according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein in the comparison step, the frontal plane hip joint angles are compared.
- ⁇ 6> The method for evaluating a degree of gait influence according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the pelvic angle is compared in the comparison step.
- ⁇ 7> The method for evaluating a gait influence degree according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the sagittal plane hip joint angle is compared in the comparison step.
- ⁇ 8> The method for evaluating the degree of gait influence according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein in the comparison step, the amount of movement of the center of gravity of the body is compared.
- ⁇ 9> The method for evaluating the degree of gait influence according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the gait is compared in the comparison step.
- ⁇ 10> The method for evaluating a gait influence degree according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the comparison step compares the distance between both knees.
- the integrated value of the entire or a part of one walking cycle in the chart of the change in the frontal hip joint angle of one walking cycle is calculated, and the integrated value is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait.
- the maximum or minimum value of the frontal plane hip joint angle in one walking cycle is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, or between the wearing gaits of different absorbent articles.
- the method for evaluating the degree of gait influence according to ⁇ 5> is
- the comparison step the value of the frontal plane hip joint angle at the end of one walking cycle is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, or between the wearing gaits of different absorbent articles. 5> The method for evaluating the degree of gait influence. ⁇ 15> In the above-mentioned comparison step, the value of the frontal plane hip joint angle at a predetermined point in the swing phase of one walking cycle is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, or the walking gait of different absorbent articles is compared. The method for evaluating the degree of gait influence according to the above ⁇ 5> for comparison.
- the differential values in a predetermined region of the chart of the pelvic angle change in one walking cycle are compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, or the wearing gaits of different absorbent articles are compared.
- the integrated value of the entire or a part of one walking cycle in the chart diagram of the sagittal plane hip joint angle change of one walking cycle is calculated, and the integrated value is calculated by the normal gait and the wearing gait.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the sagittal hip joint angle in one walking cycle is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, or the different absorbing gaits are compared with each other.
- the total movement distance of the center of gravity in the left-right direction in one walking cycle is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, or the wearing gait of different absorbent articles.
- the method for evaluating the degree of gait influence according to ⁇ 8> is compared.
- the comparison step the maximum or minimum value of the vertical movement distance of the center of gravity of the body in one walking cycle or 1/2 walking cycle is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait, or different absorbent articles.
- the method for evaluating the degree of influence of gait according to the above ⁇ 8> which compares the gaits when worn.
- whether the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the vertical direction of the body center of gravity in one walking cycle or 1/2 walking cycle, that is, the total movement distance is compared between the normal gait and the wearing gait.
- the method for evaluating the degree of gait influence according to ⁇ 8> wherein the gaits of different absorbent articles are compared with each other when worn.
- ⁇ 24> Any of the above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 23>, wherein the step (B), or the step (D) and the acclimation step of acclimatizing the absorbent article to the human body shape to be walked are performed prior to the step (D) and the step (D).
- ⁇ 25> The method for evaluating a degree of gait influence according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 24>, wherein the absorbent article is a disposable diaper for infants.
- ⁇ 26> The method for evaluating the degree of gait influence according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 25>, wherein the absorbent article is a pants-type disposable diaper.
- ⁇ 27> It is a gait impact assessment system that evaluates the effect of wearing absorbent articles on gait. Acquisition unit that acquires moving image data of walking humans, Extractor that extracts a specific human part in the acquired moving image data, Calculated from the calculation unit that calculates the gait parameter that indicates the gait using the time change of the position of the extracted specific part, and the moving image data that captures the gait when walking without wearing an absorbent article. Whether to compare the normal gait parameter with the gait parameter of the wearing gait calculated from the moving image data obtained by capturing the gait when walking with the absorbent article worn. Comparative evaluation that compares the gait parameters of multiple wearing gaits calculated from moving image data that captures the gaits when walking with different absorbent articles worn, and outputs the comparison results.
- a gait impact assessment system with a unit. ⁇ 28> A gait influence evaluation program that causes a computer to function as the gait influence evaluation system according to ⁇ 27>.
- an absorbent article of the present invention According to the method for evaluating the degree of gait influence of an absorbent article of the present invention, it is possible to evaluate the influence of an absorbent article such as a disposable diaper on the gait of a wearer with high accuracy.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、本出願人は、パンツ型おむつを装着した状態で歩行させたときの着用者の下肢の筋負担の程度に基づき、該おむつを装着した状態における下肢の動き易さを評価する方法を提案している(特許文献1参照)。
特許文献1の方法によれば、パンツ型おむつを装着した状態における着用者の下肢の動き易さを客観的に評価することが可能であり、例えば下肢の動き易さに関して直接意見を聞くことが困難である乳幼児が着用者である場合であっても、下肢の動き易さについて客観的な評価が可能である。
本発明の評価方法は、以下の工程(A)~(C)を含むことが好ましい。
(A)ヒトに評価対象である吸収性物品を着用させない状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、通常歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(B)評価対象である吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(C)通常歩容と着用時歩容を比較する工程
前記工程(C)においては、前記工程(A)及び前記工程(B)におけるモニタリングの結果得られるデータを解析又は加工して得られる、歩容に関する情報や歩容を示すパラメータ(歩容パラメータ)に基づき、通常歩容と着用時歩容を比較することが好ましい。「解析又は加工」には、解析及び加工も含まれる。
また前記工程(C)における歩容の比較は、前記工程(A)及び(B)でモニタリングした3歩行周期分のデータの全部を利用しなくてもよく、一歩行周期分のデータのみを抽出して、該一歩行周期分のデータを用いて比較してもよい。
本発明の評価方法は、以下の工程(D)~(F)を含むことが好ましい。
(D)一の吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(E)他の吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(F)前記一の吸収性物品の着用時歩容と前記他の吸収性物品の着用時歩容を比較する工程
前記工程(F)においては、前記工程(D)及び前記工程(E)におけるモニタリングの結果得られるデータを解析又は加工して得られる、歩容に関する情報や歩容を示すパラメータ(歩容パラメータ)に基づき、複数の吸収性物品についての歩容を比較することが好ましい。「解析又は加工」には、解析及び加工も含まれる。
また前記工程(F)における歩容の比較は、前記工程(D)及び(E)でモニタリングした3歩行周期分のデータの全部を利用しなくてもよく、一歩行周期分のデータのみを抽出して、該一歩行周期分のデータを用いて比較してもよい。
本発明の他の特徴は、請求の範囲の記載及び以下の説明から明らかとなるであろう。
また特許文献1には、脚に電極を取り付け、歩行時における筋電位の変化を計測しており、歩容をモニタリングすることに関し何ら記載されていない。
なお、本明細書で「計測」とは、単なるデータの値の獲得に限らず、データを獲得し、獲得した値を用いて所定のパラメータを演算により求めることも含む。
本発明の吸収性物品の評価方法は、おむつ等の吸収性物品が、それを着用した着用者の歩容に与える影響を評価する方法である。歩容とは、歩くときの、姿勢や動作、関節の動かし方などの動的特徴又は歩幅や歩隔などの接地時の特徴であり、いずれも視覚的に捉えることのできる歩行者の様子をいう。歩容は、歩行者を撮像して視覚的にモニタリングする。動的特徴及び接地時の特徴は、一方のみをモニタリングしてもよいし、両方をモニタリングしてもよい。
評価対象の吸収性物品は、人体から排出される液の吸収に用いられる物品を広く包含する。吸収性物品は、一般に、液透過性の表面シート、液不透過性又は撥水性の防漏シート及びそれら両シート間に介在配置された液保持性の吸収体を有する。吸収性物品としては、例えば使い捨ておむつ、生理用ナプキン、失禁パッド、パンティライナー等が包含されるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
評価対象のおむつは、成人用のおむつでも乳幼児用のおむつでもよい。
〔工程(A)〕
工程(A)は、ヒトに評価対象である吸収性物品を着用させない状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、その歩容をモニタリングする工程である。吸収性物品を着用させない状態の歩容を、通常歩容という。吸収性物品を着用させた状態の歩容を、着用時歩容という。ここで、「吸収性物品を着用させない状態」とは、身体に何もつけない裸の状態、あるいは吸収体のない布、あるいは不織布などでできた下着のみを着用している状態である。
以下、評価対象の吸収性物品が、使い捨ておむつ(以下、おむつともいう)である場合を例にして説明する。
工程(A)においては、ヒトに評価対象の吸収性物品を着用させない状態で、該ヒトを歩行させ、その歩行状態をモニタリングする。モニタリングは、歩行中のヒトを公知の撮影装置により撮影して行うことが好ましい。モニタリングは、後述する股関節角度の変化量、骨盤の回旋量又は重心の移動量といった、比較評価に用いる歩行情報を求めるために必要なデータが得られるものであれば足りる。本実施形態のように撮影装置を用いるときは、撮影装置としては、動画を撮影するものでも、静止画を適宜の間隔で複数回撮影するものでもよい。また着用者の身体の複数箇所に設置したマーカそれぞれの位置を所定時間取り込み可能な3次元モーションキャプチャ装置(3次元動作解析装置)を用いることもできる。3次元モーションキャプチャ装置(3次元動作解析装置)のマーカとしては、当該装置の種類に応じて適切なものを選択して使用すればよく、例えば赤外線等の各種光線を反射するシート状又は球状の部材を用いることができる。
特に好ましい撮像装置は、Viconカメラシステムであり、例えばViconのVantage/Veroカメラシステムを用いることができる。Viconカメラシステムは、高精度且つリアルタイムにマーカの位置情報、移動情報を計測することでき、その情報を、Nexus、Shogun、Tracker、Polygon、Pegasusなどのモーションキャプチャーソフトウェアを用いて処理することで、ステップ2の撮影に加えてステップ3における、時間変化に伴う装着者の変化の計測を容易に実施することができる。
工程(A)においては、歩行させたヒトの歩容をモニタリングし、少なくとも3歩行周期中に生じるマーカの位置の変化のデータを得る。3歩行周期分以上の歩容をモニタリングすることにより、一層精度の高い評価が可能となる。
工程(B)は、ヒトに評価対象である吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容をモニタリングする工程である。モニタリングは、歩行中のヒトを公知の撮影装置により撮影して行うことが好ましい。
工程(A)で歩行させるヒトと工程(B)で歩行させるヒトは基本的に同一人であることが、個人差の影響を排除する観点から好ましいが、それに限られず、属性の近似した複数人の集団どうしを対比することも可能であるため、必ずしも同一人に限られない。
工程(B)においては、評価対象となるおむつを、そのおむつを着用することが想定される年齢のヒトに装着することが好ましい。例えば、成人用おむつの場合の着用者は成人であり、乳幼児用おむつの場合の着用者は乳幼児である。但し、着用者の歩行に与える影響を評価するため、乳幼児用のパンツ型おむつを評価する場合の着用者は、歩行可能な年齢の乳幼児に限定される。本明細書にいう年齢には月齢も含まれる。
乳幼児の歩行能力は、つかまり立ちできた時点から自由に走り回ることができるようになる時期までに大きく変化し、この歩行能力の急激な発達時期においては、おむつが歩行に与える影響も変化すると考えられるため、この時期の乳幼児について、おむつが着用者の歩行に与える影響を調べることは、発達の各段階に適したおむつの開発に有用である。斯かる観点から、装着する着用者は、月齢で12カ月から30カ月であることが好ましい。
乾燥状態のおむつを装着した場合と湿潤状態のおむつを装着した場合とを比較し、乾燥状態のおむつと湿潤状態のおむつとで、おむつの歩容に与える影響に差があるか等を調べることもできる。
工程(C)は、通常歩容と着用時歩容を比較する工程である。
工程(C)においては、工程(A)及び工程(B)におけるモニタリングの結果得られるデータに基づき、歩容を解析する手法により、通常歩容及び着用時歩容のそれぞれについて歩行情報を得る。モニタリングの結果得られるデータは、例えば、Viconカメラシステムにより得られたマーカの位置情報又は移動情報等である。
歩容を解析する手法は、3次元画像解析が好ましい。3次元画像解析を用いることで、歩行に関与する体型、骨格、関節などの位置情報が得られ、動画あるいは連続的に撮影された複数の静止画を解析することでそれらの時系列的な動きの情報が得られる。3次元画像解析の手法としては、複数のカメラでキャプチャ空間を構築し、反射マーカの位置をトラッキングする方式である光学式、ジャイロセンサ(角速度計)と加速度計からなる慣性センサから動きの情報を逆算して位置や姿勢を算出する慣性センサ式、ポジションメータやエンコーダのような回転角や変位を測定するセンサを使用する機械式、磁場発生装置を用いてキャプチャ範囲に磁場を送り装着した磁気センサで受信する磁気式等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、絶対的な位置精度の高さの点から、例えばViconのVantage/Veroカメラシステム等の光学式モーションキャプチャシステムを用いることが好ましい。マーカを付けてない動画から特徴点の3次元座標を出す(kinect)などを用いることもできる。
前額面股関節角度の変化の計測及びその計測結果に基づく評価について説明する。
前額面股関節角度は、図3(a)及び図3(b)に示すように、主として骨盤の側方への大腿節の移動量を示す指標となる。前額面股関節角度は、例えば、骨盤が持つXYZ座標系〔図4(a)参照、以下骨盤座標系ともいう〕と、大腿節が持つXYZ座標系〔図3(a)参照、以下大腿節座標系ともいう〕とを想定したときに、骨盤座標系のY軸廻りに回動する大腿節座標系のX軸又はZ軸の、骨盤座標系のY-Z平面又はX-Y平面に対する傾斜角度等として計測される。大腿節座標系のZ軸は、股関節中心P1と膝関節中心P2とを結ぶ直線上に想定する。股関節中心P1と膝関節中心P2は、例えば、股関節中心P1については、大転子M1と骨盤の位置から算出することができ、膝関節中心P2の位置は、外膝M2及び内膝M3の中点として算出することができる。骨盤の位置は仙骨P5と左右の上前腸骨棘P3・P4から構成される〔図4(a)参照〕。大腿節座標系のY軸は、股関節中心P1を通り、且つ股関節中心P1と膝関節中心P2と大転子M1の3点を通る平面に対して垂直な直線上に想定し、大腿節座標系のX軸は、股関節中心P1を通り、大腿節座標系のY軸及びZ軸に垂直な直線上に想定する。股関節中心P1、膝関節中心P2等の各部位は、例えばモーションキャプチャ装置等で検出した部位に基づき、Visual3D等の公知の解析ソフトで求められる。
股関節角度(前額面股関節角度、矢状面股関節角度)は、本実施形態のように、骨盤に設定した座標系との関係で、股関節や大腿節等の変位を計測又は解析することが、歩容の比較をより正確に行う観点から好ましい。前額面股関節角度の計測方法は、上記の方法に制限されない。後述する矢状面股関節角度についても同様である。
おむつ1及び2は構成は同じで、おむつ3はおむつ1及び2とは構成が異なり、おむつ1及び3は160gの生理食塩水を吸収させた湿潤状態で、おむつ2は乾燥状態のおむつである。乾燥状態は、生理食塩水を水を吸収させる前の状態である。図1に示す歩行路3の周囲には、3次元モーションキャプチャ装置として、複数のVicon31を配置した。符号32は、地面から受ける力を計測するための装置であり、フォースプレート(AMTI,2000Hz)を用いた。
乾燥状態のおむつ2と、湿潤状態のおむつ1及び3について、下記の方法により、おむつの股下部の両側部から脚の内側にかかる圧力の値を計測した。表2に、各おむつについて、脚の内側にかかる圧力(kPa)及び乾燥状態のおむつ2の圧力(kPa)を基準値1としたときの該基準値に対する圧力の比を示した。
〔脚の内側にかかる圧力の測定方法〕
下肢可動式のベビーモデルにおむつを装着し、歩行動作時に脚の左右間隔が最も狭くなる位置として左右の脚がすれ違う時の、おむつが左右の脚の内側に与える圧力を、接触圧測定器(株式会社エイエムアイ・テクノ製の「AMI3037」)にて測定した。
例えば、一歩行周期の前額面股関節角度変化のチャート図における一歩行周期全体又は一部領域の積分値を算出し、該積分値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較したときに、通常歩容の場合の積分値が、着用時歩容の場合の積分値よりも大きくなるが、その差が小さい程好ましい。積分値は、例えば、図3(c)の角度ゼロの直線と、1歩行周期全体の曲線とで囲まれた領域の面積であり、数値でいえば、歩容影響度が小さい吸収性物品とする観点から、通常歩容の場合の積分値と着用時歩容の場合の積分値との差つまり(通常歩容の場合の積分値)-(着用時歩容の場合の積分値)が0以上、5以下であることが好ましく0以上、4以下であることが更に好ましい。この時、角度ゼロの直線よりも下、つまり負の領域は負の値として算出している。
歩容影響度が小さい吸収性物品とする観点から、通常歩容時の場合の前額面股関節角度の最大値と着用時歩容の場合の前額面股関節角度の最大値との差は、つまり(通常歩容の場合の最大値)-(着用時歩容の場合の最大値)が0以上、2以下であることが好ましく0以上、1.6以下であることが更に好ましい。
通常歩容時の場合の前額面股関節角度の最小値と着用時歩容の場合の前額面股関節角度の最小値との差は、つまり(通常歩容の場合の最小値)-(着用時歩容の場合の最小値)が0以上、2以下であることが好ましく0以上、1.6以下であることが更に好ましい。
図11に、非着用状態(裸)及びおむつ1~3の着用状態における、前額面股関節角度の遊脚期の所定点のうち、一歩行周期の80%の歩行距離の位置における前額面股関節角度の値と脚の内側にかかる圧力の比との関係をグラフ化して示した。
図11のグラフに示されるように、歩容に関するパラメータとして80%時の前額面股関節角度を用いた場合、歩容影響度の評価方法による評価結果と、おむつにより脚の内側にかかる圧力の大きさとの間には相関関係があることが分かる。したがって、このような相関関係の情報に基づき、歩容影響度の歩容影響度を定量化することも可能となる。本発明の歩容影響度の評価方法による評価結果は、おむつの歩きやすさ等の性能に対応して変動するため、歩容への影響程度を定量化することも可能であることを示している。
このように、遊脚期の所定点における前額面股関節角度の値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較したときに、通常歩容の場合の値が、着用時歩容の場合の値よりも大きくなるが、その差が小さいことが好ましい。
以下の工程(D)~(F)を含む。
(D)一の吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(E)他の吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(F)前記一の吸収性物品の着用時歩容と前記他の吸収性物品の着用時歩容を比較する工程
例えば、図3(c)に示すおむつ1とおむつ2は、構成は同じであるが一方は湿潤状態で他方は乾燥状態であるところ、湿潤状態のおむつ1の方が乾燥状態のおむつ2よりも外転の傾向が高くなっているので、乾燥状態のおむつ2よりも湿潤状態のおむつ1の方が、着用者の歩行に与える影響が大きいと評価することできる。また同じ湿潤状態であっても、おむつ3の方がおむつ1よりも外転の傾向が高くなっているので、共に湿潤状態であっても、おむつ1よりも湿潤状態のおむつ3の方が、着用者の歩行に与える影響が大きいと評価することできる。
(2)骨盤角度の変化
骨盤角度の変化の計測及びその計測結果に基づく評価について説明する。
骨盤角度は、図4(a)及び図4(b)に示すように、例えば、左右の上前腸骨棘P3,P4と仙骨P5の3点を通る平面を骨盤平面Pとして設定したときに、該骨盤平面Pが持つ座標系のX軸又はY軸がZ軸廻りに回動することにより変化する角度であり、実験室座標系(X-Y平面)との相対角度として定義される。
骨盤角度の変化としては、左右の上前腸骨棘P3,P4を通るX軸に対して、骨盤平面Pにおける仙骨P5側が上下方向に変位するX軸回りの旋回と、左右の上前腸骨棘P3,P4間の中心位置を通り、骨盤平面Pと垂直なZ軸に対して、着用者の左右の上前腸骨棘P3,P4の一方が着用者の前側、他方が着用者の後ろ側に移動するZ軸回りの旋回と、X軸及びZ軸と直交するY軸に対して、左右の上前腸骨棘P3,P4の一方が鉛直方向の上方、他方が鉛直方向の下方に向かって変位するY軸回りの旋回、及びこれら2種類以上の旋回の複合型である旋回を例示することができる。
上前腸骨棘P3,P4の位置及び仙骨P5の位置は、それぞれに対応して設けたマーカの位置情報から算出することができ、一歩行周期中に生じる骨盤角度の変化、例えば上記のX軸、Y軸又はZ軸周りの骨盤平面の旋回についても、上前腸骨棘P3,P4の位置及び仙骨P5の位置それぞれに対応して設けたマーカの位置情報及びその移動を計測することにより求めることができる。
またおむつ1とおむつ2は、構成は同じであるが一方は湿潤状態で他方は乾燥状態であるところ、湿潤状態のおむつ1の方が乾燥状態のおむつ2よりも、外旋方向への旋回の程度が大きくなっているため、乾燥状態のおむつ2よりも湿潤状態のおむつ1の方が、着用者の歩行に与える影響が大きいと評価することできる。また共に湿潤状態であっても、おむつ3の方がおむつ1よりも外旋の傾向が高くなっているので、おむつ1よりもおむつ3の方が、着用者の歩行に与える影響が大きいと評価することができる。
例えば、一歩行周期の骨盤角度変化のチャート図における一歩行周期全体又は一部領域の積分値を算出し、該積分値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較したときに、通常歩容の場合の積分値が、着用時歩容の場合の積分値よりも小さくなるが、その差が小さい程好ましい。積分値は、例えば、図4(c)の角度ゼロの直線と1歩行周期分の曲線とで囲まれた領域の面積であり、数値でいえば、歩容影響度が小さい吸収性物品とする観点から、通常歩容の場合の積分値と着用時歩容の場合の積分値との差つまり(通常歩容の場合の積分値)-(着用時歩容の場合の積分値)は-450以上、0以下であることが好ましく-400以上、0以下であることが更に好ましい。この時、角度ゼロの直線よりも下、つまり負の領域は負の値として算出している。
歩容影響度が小さい吸収性物品とする観点から、一歩行周期の所定点、例えば一歩行周期の50%の歩行距離の位置における骨盤角度の値は、つまり(通常歩容の場合の50%の歩行距離の位置における骨盤角度)-(着用時歩容の場合の50%の歩行距離の位置における骨盤角度)は、-10以上、0以下であることが好ましく-7以上、0以下であることが更に好ましい。
矢状面股関節角度の変化の計測及びその計測結果に基づく評価について説明する。
矢状面股関節角度は、図5(a)及び図5(b)に示すように、大腿節が、骨盤の座標系〔図4(a)参照〕のX軸廻りに回動することで変化する角度である。例えば、骨盤のX―Z平面に対する大腿節のZ軸の傾斜角度として計測され、屈曲時に角度が増大し、伸展時には角度が低下する。
例えば、一歩行周期の矢状面股関節角度のチャート図における一歩行周期全体又は一部領域の積分値を算出し、該積分値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較したときに、通常歩容の場合の積分値が、着用時歩容の場合の積分値よりも小さく、且つその差が小さい程好ましい。積分値は、例えば、図5(c)の角度がマイナス10度の直線と、1歩行周期後半の曲線とで囲まれた領域の面積であり、数値でいえば、歩容影響度が小さい吸収性物品とする観点から、通常歩容の場合の積分値と着用時歩容の場合の積分値との差つまり(通常歩容の場合の積分値)-(着用時歩容の場合の積分値)は0以上、700以下であることが好ましく0以上、650以下であることが更に好ましい。この時、角度ゼロの直線よりも下、つまり負の領域は負の値として算出している。
身体重心の移動量の計測及びその計測結果に基づく評価について説明する。
身体重心は、着用者の身体の重心P6であり、着用者の直立状態においては、図6(a)に示すように、骨盤の位置とほぼ同じ位置の幅方向中央部付近に位置するが、歩行時には、その位置が左右に振れる。身体重心の移動量の好ましい計測方法においては、図6(a)に示すように、頭部に設けたマーカ位置により求められる頭部の重心と、上肢に設けられたマーカ位置により求められる上肢の重心と、骨盤に設けられたマーカ位置により求められる骨盤の重心位置と、下肢に設けられたマーカ位置により求められる下肢の重心位置とを考慮に入れて身体全体の重心位置が求められる。身体の重心位置の算出方法は、公知であり、例えばモーションキャプチャーソフトウェアのVisual3Dの機能を用いて求めることもできる。
身体重心の移動量としては、一歩行周期中の身体重心の左右方向(X方向)の積分値である左右方向の総移動距離を計測することが好ましい。左右方向(X方向)は、歩行路の平面視において、着用者の進行方向(Y方向)と交差する方向である。身体重心が左右方向に全く揺れない場合の総移動距離はゼロである。
図6(c)には、26名についての総移動距離の平均値と標準偏差が示されている。図7中、「**」は、おむつ間又はおむつと裸の状態との間にp値<0.01の有意差があることを示し、「*」は、おむつ間又はおむつと裸の状態との間にp値<0.05の有意差があることを示す。
例えば、一歩行周期における身体重心の左右方向の総移動距離を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較したときに、通常歩容の場合の値が、着用時歩容の場合の値よりも小さくなるが、その差が小さい程好ましい。歩容影響度が小さい吸収性物品とする観点から、一歩行周期における身体重心の左右方向の総移動距離は、通常歩容の場合の身体重心の左右方向の総移動距離と着用時歩容の場合の身体重心の左右方向の総移動距離との差、つまり(通常歩容の場合の身体重心の左右方向の総移動距離)-(着用時歩容の場合の身体重心の左右方向の総移動距離)が、-0.020以上、0以下であることが好ましく-0.012以上、0以下であることが更に好ましい。
例えば、一歩行周期又は1/2歩行周期における身体重心の鉛直方向の移動距離の最大値又は最小値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較したときに、通常歩容の場合の値が、着用時歩容の場合の値よりも大きいことを前提として、その差が小さい方が好ましい。
歩容影響度が小さい吸収性物品とする観点から、身体重心の鉛直方向の移動距離は、通常歩容の場合の身体重心の鉛直方向の総移動距離と着用時歩容の場合の身体重心の鉛直方向の総移動距離との差つまり(通常歩容の場合の身体重心の鉛直方向の総移動距離)-(着用時歩容の場合の身体重心の鉛直方向の総移動距離)が、0以上、0.015以下であることが好ましく0以上、0.010以下であることが更に好ましい。
また一歩行周期における身体重心の鉛直方向の移動距離の最小値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較したときに、通常歩容の場合の最小値が、着用時歩容の場合の最小値よりも小さいことを前提として、その差が小さい程好ましい。歩容影響度が小さい吸収性物品とする観点から、一歩行周期又は1/2歩行周期における身体重心の鉛直方向の移動距離の最大値と最小値の差は、通常歩容の場合の最大値と着用時歩容の場合の最大値との差つまり(通常歩容の場合の最大値)-(着用時歩容の場合の最大値)が、-0.001以上、0以下であることが好ましく-0.0005以上、0以下であることが更に好ましい。
例えば、評価するステップ(工程(C))においては、時間変化に伴う装着者の変化として、(1)前額面股関節角度の変化、(2)骨盤角度の変化、(3)矢状面股関節角度、(4)身体重心の移動量の2以上を計測し、複数の指標についての計測結果に基づき、おむつが着用者の歩行に与える影響を評価してもよい。
またこれらに代えて、又はこれらに加えて、おむつを装着した着用者の歩行を撮影し、歩行する着用者の歩隔を計測してもよい。歩隔は、歩行時の進行方向(Y方向)に直列する一方の足の踵の接地位置を結んだ直線と、歩行時の進行方向(Y方向)に直列する他方の足の踵の接地位置を結んだ直線との間のX方向に沿う距離である。
歩隔についても、おむつ1~3を着用した状態の歩行は、裸の状態の歩行に対して、歩隔が大きくなっている。裸の状態が、最もおむつが着用者の歩行に影響を与えていない状態であるので、おむつ1~3を着用した状態の歩行と裸の状態の歩行について、歩隔を比較することで、おむつ1~3が着用者の歩行に与える影響を評価することできる。裸の状態よりもおむつ1~3を装着した歩行の方が、歩隔が長いことは、裸の状態よりもおむつ1~3を装着した状態の方が、歩行への影響が大きく、歩きにくいことを意味する。またおむつ1とおむつ2は、構成は同じであるが一方は湿潤状態で他方は乾燥状態であるところ、湿潤状態のおむつ1の方が乾燥状態のおむつ2よりも、歩隔が長くなっているため、乾燥状態のおむつ2よりも湿潤状態のおむつ1の方が、着用者の歩行に与える影響が大きく、歩きにくいと評価することができる。また共に湿潤状態であっても、おむつ3の方がおむつ1よりも歩隔が長いので、おむつ1よりもおむつ3の方が、着用者の歩行に与える影響が大きく、歩きにくいと評価することできる。
本実施形態の歩容影響度評価システム200は、歩行しているヒトを撮影した動画像データをネットワーク経由、または、所定の媒体を用いて取得する。
歩容影響度評価システム200は、図9(a)に示すように、取得部110、抽出部120、算出部130及び比較評価部140で構成される。取得部110は、ネットワーク経由、または、所定の媒体を用いて取得した動画像データを情報処理端末100に取り込む。抽出部120は、取得した動画像データにおけるヒトの特定部位を抽出する。抽出部としては、公知の人体画像からの骨格情報取得技術や特定部位にマーカを貼付して行うモーションキャプチャ技術などが挙げられる。算出部130は、抽出した特定部位の位置の時間変化を用いて歩容を示す歩容パラメータを算出する。比較評価部140は、吸収性物品を着用させない状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された通常歩容の歩容パラメータと、吸収性物品を着用させた状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された着用時歩容の歩容パラメータとを対比するか、異なる吸収性物品を着用させた状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された複数の着用時歩容の歩容パラメータどうしを対比し、対比した結果を出力する。対比結果は、対比結果を視覚的に把握したすい形式で出力することが好ましく、例えば、対比すべき歩容パラメータどうしを一つのグラフに纏めて示したり(図3(c)、図4(c)参照)、対比すべき歩容パラメータどうしを並べて一つ又は複数のグラフに示したり(図8(b)参照)することが好ましい。また他の歩容パラメータと比較表示、過去のデータの比較表示などを行わせることも好ましい。歩容影響度評価システム200は、各種の処理を実行可能な情報処理端末100を備え、当該情報処理端末100に、抽出部120、算出部130及び比較評価部140が備えられている。情報処理端末100は、キーボード、ポインティングデバイスなどの入力装置、演算処理装置、記憶部等を備えている。
撮像装置による歩容の撮影者は、吸収性物品の開発者の他、歩行する者の両親、祖父母等であってもよく、スマートフォンに内蔵されたカメラで撮影することも好ましい。
撮影された動画像データは、ネットワーク経由、または、所定の媒体を用いて、発達段階算出システム200に送信(受渡)されることも好ましい。評価部140による対比結果は、発達段階算出システム200が有する表示部、印刷装置等に出力されてもよいし、被験者をスマートフォンに送信してもよい。
ステップS10は、ヒトの歩容を撮像した複数の動画像データを取得する。動画像データは、歩容影響度評価システム200が備える撮像装置から直接、あるいは歩容影響度評価システム200とは独立の撮像装置から、ネットワーク経由、または、所定の媒体を用いて取得する。
ステップS11は、取得した動画像データから特定部位を抽出するステップである。ここでいう、特定部位は、マーカを取り付けた部位であってもよいし、マーカを取り付けずに算出した、歩行により移動するヒトの体の部位であってもよい。特定部位としては、頭頂、眉間、首、背中側の胸骨上端位置、左右肩峰、左右肘、左右の手首、左右の上前腸骨棘、左右の大転子、左右の膝、左右の大腿骨外側上顆(膝関節)、左右の外果(足関節)、左右の足首などが例示できるが、これらの制限されるものではない。
ステップS12は、複数の動画像データから複数の歩行についての歩容パラメータを算出するステップである。ステップS13は、対比結果を、歩容影響度評価システム200が備える表示部に直接出力するか、歩容影響度評価システム200から独立したスマートフォンの他の装置に、ネットワーク経由、又は所定の媒体を用いて出力するステップである。
ステップS12においては、吸収性物品を着用させない状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された通常歩容の歩容パラメータと、吸収性物品を着用させた状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された着用時歩容の歩容パラメータとを対比するか、異なる吸収性物品を着用させた状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された複数の着用時歩容の歩容パラメータどうしを対比する。具体的な、手法は上述した方法又は後述の試験例に示す方法等を採用することができる。
以下、試験例により本発明を更に詳細に説明する。しかしながら本発明の範囲は、かかる試験例によって何ら制限されない。
〔おむつ4〕
先ず、不織布からなる表面シート及び樹脂フィルムからなる裏面シートの間に、図10に示す断面構成の吸収体4を配して、これを吸収性本体とし、該吸収性本体の両側部に、防漏カフ形成用シートに防漏カフ形成用弾性部材を伸長状態で固定して形成された防漏カフを設けた。この吸収性本体の非肌対向面側に外装体を接合し、該外装体の腹側部及び背側部それぞれにおける両側縁部どうしを接合して一対のサイドシール部を形成した。このようにして得られたおむつ4の吸収体4は、繊維材料及び吸水性ポリマー46を含む吸収性コア40と、該吸収性コア40の表面を被覆するコアラップシート48とを含んで構成され、股下部Cにおいて中央吸収体4Cと一対のサイド吸収体4S,4Sとを具備し、これら中央吸収体4C及びサイド吸収体4Sの間に一対の折曲誘導部45,45を有するものであった。斯かる吸収性コア40は、中央吸収体4Cに中央領域41と、サイド吸収体4Sにサイド領域43とを有し、一対の折曲誘導部45,45によって、中央領域41とサイド領域43とに区分されたものであった。一対の折曲誘導部45,45は、おむつの股下部においておむつの長手方向に沿って延びている。また、前記折曲誘導部45は、吸収性コア40を厚み方向Zに貫通するスリットからなるものであった。おむつ4の吸収体4は、当該スリットにおいて吸収性コア40の肌対向面側及び非肌対向面側それぞれに位置するコアラップシート48どうしが接合されたものであった。
下記表3に、おむつ4、5それぞれについて、構成を示す。図10中、W1は中央領域41の幅、W2はサイド領域の幅、W3は折曲誘導部の幅、Waは中央領域の幅W1の1/2を示す。
30mm圧縮荷重は、以下の方法により測定される。
おむつを展開且つ伸長状態とし、基準膨潤状態にした後、該おむつの幅を2等分するように、即ち長手方向中心線CLに沿っておむつを折り曲げ、これを試験体1aとする。この試験体1aを、折り曲げたおむつの長手方向(幅方向Yに直交する方向、以下「長手方向X」ともいう)が水平方向と一致するように、水平な場所にシワや折れ曲がりがないように載置する。この試験体1aについて、長手方向X中央位置(以下、「第1測定位置」という)、及び該中央位置から腹側部A側に2.5cm離れた位置(以下、「第2測定位置」という)に対し、幅5cm×長さ15cm、重さ28.7gの長方形のアクリル板を載せる。このとき、アクリル板の幅がおむつの長手方向Xと一致するように、且つ該幅の中央が第1測定位置又は第2測定位置と一致するように、該アクリル板を載せる。このアクリル板を100mm/分の圧縮速度で下方に向かって移動させて、試験体1aの厚さが30mmになるまで圧縮する。斯かる圧縮には、材料試験機(例えば、株式会社島津製作所製、オートグラフAG-X)を用いる。第1測定位置及び第2測定位置それぞれにおける、おむつの厚さが30mmになったときの圧縮荷重を測定し、これら2点の平均した値を30mm圧縮荷重とする。
斯かる観点から、少なくとも一方のサイド吸収体4Sにおける10mm圧縮荷重は、好ましくは4.5N以下、より好ましくは4N以下であり、また好ましくは0.1N以上4.5N以下、より好ましくは0.5N以上4N以下である。
一対のサイド吸収体4S,4Sの双方における10mm圧縮荷重が、前述の範囲内であることが好ましい。
サイド吸収体4Sの10mm圧縮荷重の測定方法は以下のとおりである。先ず、基準膨潤状態のおむつから吸収体4を取り出し、該吸収体4の肌対向面が鉛直方向の上方を向くように、水平な場所にシワや折れ曲がりがないように載置する。次いで、直径2cmの棒状の圧縮試験治具を取り付けた材料試験機(例えば、株式会社島津製作所製、オートグラフAG-X)を用いて、厚みが10mmになるまでサイド吸収体4Sを圧縮させたときの圧縮荷重を測定する。この測定を、サイド吸収体4Sにおける吸収性コア40がある部分の任意の3箇所で行い、これらの平均値を10mm圧縮荷重とする。
表4に30mm圧縮荷重とサイド吸収体の10mm圧縮荷重を示す。
前記おむつ1、3及び製造したおむつ4のおむつについて、歩容影響度を下記の(A)工程、(B)工程、及び(C)工程を具備する方法により評価した。本評価方法では、月齢12~25カ月の幼児13名を被験者とした。
先ず、(A)工程では、おむつを着用させない状態(以下、「非着用状態」ともいう。)で、被験者に少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、その歩行状態を三次元モーションキャプチャ装置(VICONカメラシステム ×16 200Hz)を用いてモニタリングした。斯かるモニタリングでは、被験者の身体の複数箇所にマーカを貼付し、歩行状態における該マーカの位置情報及び移動情報を取得して、被験者の歩容をモニタリングした。このモニタリングにおいて被験者には、床から受ける力を計測する床反力計(フォースプレート AMTI,2000Hz)上を歩行させた。本(A)工程で取得されたモニタリング結果を、通常歩容の結果とした。
おむつ1、3及び4は、以下の方法により160gの生理食塩水を注入した膨潤状態(以下、「膨潤状態」ともいう。)のおむつを用意した。膨潤状態とするには、先ず、未使用のおむつにおける長手方向Xの中央(製品の股下部の折り目)であり且つ幅方向Yの中央である中央位置に、油性ペンを用いて印(以下、「第1印」という)を付け、さらに第1印を付けた中央位置から長手方向Xの腹側部A側に7cm離れた位置に別の印を付け、該別の印を付けた位置を生理食塩水の注入点とした。次いで、おむつのウエスト開口部WHを形成する部分を把持し、第1印を付けた中央位置が最も低い位置になるように該おむつの股下部Cを下垂させた状態で、注入点に160gの生理食塩水を注入速度5g/秒で注入した。この注入にはチューブポンプを用いた。そして、生理食塩水を注入後、おむつを前記下垂状態で1分間静置し、これを膨潤状態のおむつとした。
前記(B)工程で取得されたモニタリング結果を、着用時歩容の結果とした。
前額面股関節角度は、主として骨盤の側方への大腿節の移動量を示す指標となるものであり、骨盤が持つXYZ軸の骨盤座標系と、大腿節が持つXYZ軸の大腿骨座標系とを想定したときに、骨盤座標系のY軸廻りに回動する大腿節座標系のX軸又はZ軸の、骨盤座標系のY-Z平面又はX-Y平面に対する傾斜角度等として計測される。本評価方法では、一歩行周期の80%の歩行距離の位置における前額面股関節角度の値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するため、通常歩容の値から着用時歩容の値を減算した。「一歩行周期」は、歩行時において被験者の左足踵が床面に接地してから次に左足踵が床面に接地するまでである。
前記のおむつ1,3及び製造したおむつ4(いずれも膨潤状態)について、一歩行周期の80%の歩行距離の位置における前額面股関節角度の値と身体重心の左右方向における総移動距離(cm)を計測し、通常歩容(裸)と着用時歩容とで比較した。その結果を図12、13に示した。
図13に示すように、製造したおむつ4は、歩容パラメータである身体重心の左右方向における総移動距離において、裸とは有意差がなく、おむつ3とは有意差がありおむつ1とも差がある傾向が認められた。
このことより、本発明の歩容影響度の評価方法、好ましくは3次元画像解析を用いた方法によれば、製造したおむつ4は、他のおむつよりも歩容への影響度が小さいことが分かり、複数のおむつについて、歩容に影響を与える程度の差を明瞭に区別することができることが判る。
前記のおむつ1、3及び製造したおむつ5を用いて、以下に説明する歩容影響度の評価IIを行った。
〔歩容影響度の評価II〕
本評価方法では、月齢18~20カ月の幼児14名を被験者とした。先ず、非着用状態、及びおむつ1,3,5を着用した状態のそれぞれで、被験者を歩行させ、その歩行を動画撮影した。この際、被験者には、前記の床反力計上を歩行させた。
着用させたおむつは、本評価方法においても、前述した歩容影響度の評価Iと同様の方法により、生理食塩水をおむつに注入して膨潤状態とした。
次いで、被験者の歩行の動画データについて、OpenPoseを用いて、骨格情報を取得した。骨格情報は、動画データにおける首、肩、肘、手首、腰、膝、足首などの部位を抽出し、その抽出した部位を動画データと同期させて点と線で示した合成データや、該部位の三次元座標の情報等である。この骨格情報に基づき、歩行時における被験者の歩隔(cm)、及び両膝間の間隔(cm)を算出し、その平均値を求めた。この骨格情報に基づく歩隔は、外果と内果とを結ぶ線の中点どうしの左右間の距離を測定することにより求めた。この骨格情報に基づく、両膝間の間隔は、右膝の中心と左膝の中心との距離を測定することにより求めた。
図14には、膝の中心が最も身体の重心からの垂下線から離れた時点の両膝間の間隔を示した。両膝間の間隔は、値が大きいほど歩行時の左右の膝が開いていることを意味する。
図14及び図15において、**(アスタリスクが2つ)は、対比する2つの対象の間における有意差が、有意水準p<0.01で認められたことを示し、*(アスタリスクが1つ)は、該有意差が、有意水準p<0.05で認められたことを示す。
<1>
吸収性物品の着用が歩容へ与える影響の程度を評価する、吸収性物品の歩容影響度の評価方法であって、
以下の工程(A)~(C)を含む、歩容影響度の評価方法。
(A)ヒトに評価対象である吸収性物品を着用させない状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、通常歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(B)評価対象である吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(C)通常歩容と着用時歩容を比較する工程
吸収性物品の着用が歩容へ与える影響の程度を、少なくとも2つの異なる吸収性物品について比較評価する、吸収性物品の歩容影響度の評価方法であって、
以下の工程(D)~(F)を含む、歩容影響度の評価方法。
(D)一の吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(E)他の吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(F)前記一の吸収性物品の着用時歩容と前記他の吸収性物品の着用時歩容を比較する工程
<3>
前記モニタリングする工程では、動画像データを取得し、
前記比較する工程は、前記モニタリングする工程で取得した前記動画像データから得られる3次元情報を用いて解析を行う3次元解析ステップを含む、前記<1>又は<2>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<4>
前記モニタリングする工程では、RGBカメラ、モノクロカメラ又はスペクトルカメラにより2次元的な動画像データを取得し、
前記モニタリングする工程で取得した2次元的な動画像データから3次元的画像座標を算出することで3次元解析ステップで用いる3次元情報を求める3次元情報取得工程を含む、前記<3>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
前記比較する工程では、前額面股関節角度を比較する、前記<1>~<4>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<6>
前記比較する工程では骨盤角度を比較する、前記<1>~<4>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<7>
前記比較する工程では矢状面股関節角度を比較する、前記<1>~<4>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<8>
前記比較する工程では身体重心の移動量を比較する、前記<1>~<4>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<9>
前記比較する工程では歩隔を比較する、前記<1>~<4>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<10>
前記比較する工程では両膝間の距離を比較する、前記<1>~<4>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<11>
前記比較する工程では、骨盤に設定した座標系との関係で求められる前額面股関節角度又は骨盤に設定した座標系との関係で求められる矢状面股関節角度を比較する、前記<1>~<4>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の前額面股関節角度変化のチャート図における一歩行周期全体又は一部領域の積分値を算出し、該積分値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか、又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<5>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<13>
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の前額面股関節角度の最大値又は最小値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<5>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<14>
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の終端における前額面股関節角度の値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<5>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<15>
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の遊脚期の所定点における前額面股関節角度の値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<5>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の骨盤角度変化のチャート図における一歩行周期全体又は一部領域の積分値を算出し、該積分値を、常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<6>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<17>
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の骨盤角度の最大値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<6>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<18>
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の骨盤角度変化のチャート図の所定領域における微分値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<6>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の矢状面股関節角度変化のチャート図における一歩行周期全体あるいは一部領域の積分値を算出し、該積分値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<7>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<20>
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期における矢状面股関節角度の最大値と最小値の差を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<7>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期における身体重心の左右方向の総移動距離を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<8>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期又は1/2歩行周期における身体重心の鉛直方向の移動距離の最大値又は最小値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<8>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<23>
前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期あるいは1/2歩行周期における身体重心の鉛直方向の最大値と最小値との差、すなわち総移動距離を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、前記<8>に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
前記工程(B)、又は前記工程(D)及び前記工程(D)に先立ち、吸収性物品を歩行させるヒトの身体形状に馴染ませる順化工程を行う、前記<1>~<23>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<25>
前記吸収性物品が乳幼児用使い捨ておむつである、前記<1>~<24>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
<26>
前記吸収性物品がパンツタイプの使い捨ておむつである、前記<1>~<25>の何れか1に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
吸収性物品の着用が歩容へ与える影響を評価する歩容影響度評価システムであって、
歩行しているヒトを撮像した動画像データを取得する取得部、
取得した動画像データにおけるヒトの特定部位を抽出する抽出部、
抽出した特定部位の位置の時間変化を用いて歩容を示す歩容パラメータを算出する算出部、及び
吸収性物品を着用させない状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された通常歩容の歩容パラメータと、吸収性物品を着用させた状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された着用時歩容の歩容パラメータとを対比するか、異なる吸収性物品を着用させた状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された複数の着用時歩容の歩容パラメータどうしを対比し、対比した結果を出力する比較評価部
を備える、歩容影響度評価システム。
<28>
コンピュータを、前記<27>に記載の歩容影響度評価システムとして機能させる歩容影響度評価プログラム。
Claims (27)
- 吸収性物品の着用が歩容へ与える影響の程度を評価する、吸収性物品の歩容影響度の評価方法であって、
以下の工程(A)~(C)を含む、歩容影響度の評価方法。
(A)ヒトに評価対象である吸収性物品を着用させない状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、通常歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(B)評価対象である吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(C)通常歩容と着用時歩容を比較する工程 - 吸収性物品の着用が歩容へ与える影響の程度を、少なくとも2つの異なる吸収性物品について比較評価する、吸収性物品の歩容影響度の評価方法であって、
以下の工程(D)~(F)を含む、歩容影響度の評価方法。
(D)一の吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(E)他の吸収性物品を着用させた状態で、少なくとも3歩行周期歩行させ、着用時歩容を撮像してモニタリングする工程
(F)前記一の吸収性物品の着用時歩容と前記他の吸収性物品の着用時歩容を比較する工程 - 前記モニタリングする工程では、動画像データを取得し、
前記比較する工程は、前記モニタリングする工程で取得した前記動画像データから得られる3次元情報を用いて解析を行う3次元解析ステップを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。 - 前記モニタリングする工程では、RGBカメラ、モノクロカメラ又はスペクトルカメラにより2次元的な動画像データを取得し、
前記モニタリングする工程で取得した2次元的な動画像データから3次元的画像座標を算出することで3次元解析ステップで用いる3次元情報を求める3次元情報取得工程を含む、請求項3に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。 - 前記比較する工程では、前額面股関節角度を比較する、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では骨盤角度を比較する、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では矢状面股関節角度を比較する、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では身体重心の移動量を比較する、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では歩隔を比較する、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では両膝間の距離を比較する、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、骨盤に設定した座標系との関係で求められる前額面股関節角度又は骨盤に設定した座標系との関係で求められる矢状面股関節角度を比較する、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の前額面股関節角度変化のチャート図における一歩行周期全体又は一部領域の積分値を算出し、該積分値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか、又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項5に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の前額面股関節角度の最大値又は最小値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項5に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の終端における前額面股関節角度の値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項5に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の遊脚期の所定点における前額面股関節角度の値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項5に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の骨盤角度変化のチャート図における一歩行周期全体又は一部領域の積分値を算出し、該積分値を、常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項6に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の骨盤角度の最大値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項6に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の骨盤角度変化のチャート図の所定領域における微分値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項6に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期の矢状面股関節角度変化のチャート図における一歩行周期全体あるいは一部領域の積分値を算出し、該積分値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項7に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期における矢状面股関節角度の最大値と最小値の差を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項7に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期における身体重心の左右方向の総移動距離を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項8に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期又は1/2歩行周期における身体重心の鉛直方向の移動距離の最大値又は最小値を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項8に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記比較する工程では、一歩行周期あるいは1/2歩行周期における身体重心の鉛直方向の最大値と最小値との差、すなわち総移動距離を、通常歩容と着用時歩容とで比較するか又は異なる吸収性物品の着用時歩容どうしで比較する、請求項8に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記吸収性物品が乳幼児用使い捨ておむつである、請求項1~23の何れか1項に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 前記吸収性物品がパンツタイプの使い捨ておむつである、請求項1~24の何れか1項に記載の歩容影響度の評価方法。
- 吸収性物品の着用が歩容へ与える影響を評価する歩容影響度評価システムであって、
歩行しているヒトを撮像した動画像データを取得する取得部、
取得した動画像データにおけるヒトの特定部位を抽出する抽出部、
抽出した特定部位の位置の時間変化を用いて歩容を示す歩容パラメータを算出する算出部、及び
吸収性物品を着用させない状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された通常歩容の歩容パラメータと、吸収性物品を着用させた状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された着用時歩容の歩容パラメータとを対比するか、異なる吸収性物品を着用させた状態で歩行させたときの歩容を撮像した動画像データから算出された複数の着用時歩容の歩容パラメータどうしを対比し、対比した結果を出力する比較評価部
を備える、歩容影響度評価システム。 - コンピュータを、請求項26に記載の歩容影響度評価システムとして機能させる歩容影響度評価プログラム。
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| JP2011015747A (ja) * | 2009-07-07 | 2011-01-27 | Kao Corp | 装着状態における動き易さの評価方法 |
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