WO2021230533A1 - 배터리를 진단하기 위한 장치 및 그 방법 - Google Patents
배터리를 진단하기 위한 장치 및 그 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021230533A1 WO2021230533A1 PCT/KR2021/005267 KR2021005267W WO2021230533A1 WO 2021230533 A1 WO2021230533 A1 WO 2021230533A1 KR 2021005267 W KR2021005267 W KR 2021005267W WO 2021230533 A1 WO2021230533 A1 WO 2021230533A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/60—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations, e.g. using difunction pulse trains, STEELE computers, phase computers
- G06F7/72—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations, e.g. using difunction pulse trains, STEELE computers, phase computers using residue arithmetic
- G06F7/723—Modular exponentiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F2207/72—Indexing scheme relating to groups G06F7/72 - G06F7/729
- G06F2207/7276—Additional details of aspects covered by group G06F7/723
- G06F2207/7285—Additional details of aspects covered by group G06F7/723 using the window method, i.e. left-to-right k-ary exponentiation
- G06F2207/729—Sliding-window exponentiation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for diagnosing a battery, and more particularly, to an apparatus for diagnosing a battery by detecting an abnormal voltage drop of a battery cell.
- the secondary battery is a battery capable of charging and discharging, and includes all of a conventional Ni/Cd battery, a Ni/MH battery, and a recent lithium ion battery.
- lithium ion batteries have an advantage in that their energy density is much higher than that of conventional Ni/Cd batteries and Ni/MH batteries.
- Lithium-ion batteries can be manufactured to be small and lightweight, so they are used as power sources for mobile devices.
- a lithium ion battery can be used as a power source for an electric vehicle, attracting attention as a next-generation energy storage medium.
- the secondary battery is generally used as a battery pack including a battery module in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and/or in parallel.
- the state and operation of the battery pack are managed and controlled by the battery management system. Battery cells in the battery pack are charged by receiving power from the outside.
- the charged battery cells supply power to various devices and/or circuits connected to the battery pack.
- a battery cell fails, power is not properly supplied to various devices and/or circuits, so a fatal accident may occur. Accordingly, there is a need for a method of diagnosing whether a battery cell is defective by monitoring the battery cell while the battery cell is being charged.
- the present invention is to solve the above technical problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for diagnosing a battery that detects occurrence of an abnormal voltage drop in a battery cell using an extended Kalman filter.
- An apparatus for diagnosing a battery may include a voltage measurement circuit, a current measurement circuit, a voltage estimation circuit, and a control circuit.
- the voltage measuring circuit may measure the voltage at both ends of the battery cell.
- the current measuring circuit may measure a current flowing through one of both ends of the battery cell.
- the voltage estimation circuit may calculate an estimated voltage level that is an estimated value of the voltage level of the voltage based on the current and state estimation model.
- the diagnostic circuit may calculate a voltage level difference between the voltage level measured by the voltage measuring circuit and the estimated voltage level, and may determine whether an error has occurred in the battery cell based on the voltage level difference and the reference value.
- the control circuit may include a control circuit that adjusts the reference value according to the estimation accuracy of the estimated voltage level.
- the voltage of the battery cell may be estimated using the extended Kalman filter. According to the present invention, the occurrence of an abnormal voltage drop in the battery cell can be more accurately detected by comparing the measured voltage and the estimated voltage. In addition, the present invention may provide a battery diagnosis apparatus more robust to noise by using a sliding window method.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery control system.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery pack including the battery diagnosis apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a voltage change of the battery cell of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a Thevenin equivalent circuit model for estimating the voltage of the battery cell of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process of estimating a voltage of a battery cell in the voltage estimation circuit of FIG. 2 .
- 6A shows a state estimation model to which an extended Kalman filter is applied.
- 6B shows an equation for describing a system model of an extended Kalman filter.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the sampling circuit of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the diagnostic circuit of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating a change in an estimated voltage according to a temperature of a battery cell.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an apparatus for diagnosing a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- first, second, first, or second used in various embodiments may modify various components regardless of order and/or importance, do not limit
- a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be renamed to a first component.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery control system.
- FIG. 1 it schematically shows a battery control system including a battery pack 1 and a host controller 2 included in the upper system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery pack 1 is made of one or more battery cells, and is connected in series to a chargeable/dischargeable battery module 11 and the + terminal side or the - terminal side of the battery module 11 .
- the switching unit 14 for controlling the charging/discharging current flow of the battery module 11, and monitoring the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the battery pack 1 to control and manage to prevent overcharging and overdischarging, etc. system (Battery Management System, 20).
- the switching unit 14 is a switching element for controlling the current flow for charging or discharging of the battery module 11, for example, a semiconductor switching element such as at least one MOSFET, or a relay, etc. may be used. have.
- the battery management system 20 may monitor the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the battery pack 1 , and also use the sensor 12 provided adjacent to the switching unit 14 to the current of the battery pack 1 . , voltage, temperature, etc. can be measured.
- the battery management system 20 is an interface for receiving measured values of the various parameters described above, and may include a plurality of terminals and a circuit connected to these terminals to process the received values.
- the battery management system 20 may control ON/OFF of the switching unit 14 , for example, a MOSFET or a relay, and may be connected to the battery module 11 to monitor the state of the battery module 11 . have.
- the upper controller 2 may transmit a control signal for the battery module 11 to the battery management system 20 . Accordingly, the operation of the battery management system 20 may be controlled based on a signal applied from the upper controller 2 .
- the battery cell of the present invention may be a configuration included in a battery pack used in an ESS (Energy Storage System) or a vehicle. However, it is not limited to these uses.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the battery pack 10 including the battery diagnosis apparatus of the present invention.
- the battery module 100 and the battery management system 200 of FIG. 2 may correspond to the battery module 11 and the battery management system 20 of FIG. 1 .
- the battery pack 10 may include a battery module 100 and a battery management system 200 .
- a “battery diagnosis device” may be a device including some or all components of the battery management system 200 .
- the “battery diagnosis apparatus” may include a voltage measurement circuit 210 , a current measurement circuit 220 , a voltage estimation circuit 230 , a diagnosis circuit 250 , and a control circuit 260 .
- the battery module 100 may include a plurality of battery cells B1 to BN.
- the plurality of battery cells B1 to BN may be configured to be connected in series and/or in parallel.
- the battery pack 10 is illustrated as including one battery module 100 , but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the battery pack 10 may include one or more battery modules.
- the battery module 100 may receive power from the power supply circuit 50 .
- voltages at both ends of each of the battery cells B1 to BN may increase.
- voltage of a battery cell means “voltage at both ends of a battery cell”.
- An abnormal voltage drop may be detected in the battery cell due to an internal short-circuit or an external short-circuit of the battery cell.
- the abnormal voltage drop phenomenon means that the voltage of the battery cell abruptly decreases in some sections of the charging section. The abnormal voltage drop phenomenon will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 3 .
- the battery module 100 may supply power to external devices and/or circuits.
- external devices and/or circuits may be a motor, a power control unit (PCU), an inverter, or the like.
- the battery management system 200 may include a voltage measurement circuit 210 , a current measurement circuit 220 , a voltage estimation circuit 230 , a sampling circuit 240 , a diagnostic circuit 250 , and a control circuit 260 . .
- the battery management system 200 monitors the battery module 100, detects a defect in the battery module 100, predicts the replacement time of the battery module 100, and controls and manages the battery module 100. have. Also, the battery management system 200 may provide information about the battery module 100 to a control device or a controller external to the battery pack 10 .
- the battery management system 200 of the present invention may check whether an error has occurred in the battery cells B1 to BN.
- the battery management system 200 may measure the voltage and current of the battery cell B1 during the charging period to determine whether an abnormal voltage drop phenomenon occurs in the battery cell B1 .
- checking whether an error has occurred in the battery cell B1 means checking whether an abnormal voltage drop phenomenon occurs in the battery cell B1.
- a method for the battery management system 200 to check the battery cell B1 is intensively described. In the same manner that the battery management system 200 checks the battery cell B1 , the remaining battery cells B2 to BN may also be checked.
- a voltage measurement circuit 210 may measure the voltage (V k) of the voltage of the first time the battery cell (B1) of the (V k-1), the second time the battery cell (B1) of the.
- the second time may be a time after the first time.
- the voltage V k-1 may be a voltage measured in a period immediately before the period in which the voltage V k is measured.
- the current measuring circuit 220 may measure a current of one end among both ends of the battery cell B1 . Specifically, the current measuring circuit 220 may measure a current input to the battery cell B1 or measure a current output from the battery cell B1 . In the following descriptions, it is assumed that the current measuring circuit 220 measures the current input to the battery cell B1 . In the following descriptions, “current of the battery cell B1” means “current input to the battery cell B1". The current measuring circuit 220 may measure the current I k of the battery cell B1 at the second time.
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may receive information on the voltage V k-1 from the voltage measurement circuit 210 and information on the current I- k from the current estimation circuit 220 .
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may store information on the state estimation model or receive information on the state estimation model from a memory (not shown).
- the state estimation model may be a recursive filter model to which an extended Kalman filter is applied.
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may calculate the predicted voltage V k ′ by inputting the voltage V k-1 to the state estimation model.
- the predicted voltage V k ′ may be the voltage of the battery cell B1 at the second time predicted by the voltage estimation circuit 230 .
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may calculate the estimated voltage V kf ′ by inputting the current I- k and the predicted voltage V k ′ to the state estimation model.
- the estimated voltage V kf ′ may be a value obtained by correcting the predicted voltage V k ′ when the voltage estimation circuit 230 receives the current I- k . Operations of the voltage estimation circuit 230 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5 .
- the voltage measurement circuit 210 , the current measurement circuit 220 , and the voltage estimation circuit 230 may perform the above operations at regular intervals.
- M is an integer of 2 or more.
- the sampling circuit 240 may receive information about the M measured voltages from the voltage measuring circuit 210 .
- the sampling circuit 240 may receive information on the M estimated voltages from the voltage estimation circuit 230 .
- Voltage V k is one of the M measured voltages.
- the estimated voltage V kf ′ is one of the M estimated voltages.
- the sampling circuit 240 can calculate the voltage level difference between the voltage level of the voltage level and the voltage (V k) of the estimation voltage (V kf ') corresponding to the voltage (V k).
- the sampling circuit 240 may perform the above operation for each pair of corresponding M measured voltages and M estimated voltages. That is, the sampling circuit 240 may calculate M voltage level differences from each pair of M measured voltages and M estimated voltages.
- the sampling circuit 240 may sample M voltage level differences using a sliding window (or moving window) method.
- the sampling circuit 240 may select Q voltage level differences among M voltage level differences by using a sliding window method.
- "Q" is a natural number less than "M”.
- the sampling circuit 240 may calculate a statistical value VS of Q sampled voltage level differences.
- the statistical value VS of the Q voltage level differences may be at least one of an average value, a maximum value, a minimum value, and a standard deviation of the Q voltage level differences. Operations of the sampling circuit 240 are described in detail with reference to FIG. 7 .
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may receive information about the statistical value VS from the sampling circuit 240 .
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may compare the statistical value VS with a reference value.
- the reference value may be stored inside or outside the diagnostic circuit 250 .
- the reference value may be a value for diagnosing whether an abnormal voltage drop has occurred in the battery cell B1.
- the reference value may be the maximum voltage difference between the actual voltage and the estimated voltage of the battery cell B1 that is possible when an abnormal voltage drop phenomenon does not occur in the battery cell B1 .
- the reference value may be preset by the user and may be changed according to the state of the battery cell, such as temperature and SOC.
- the diagnosis circuit 250 may determine that a defect has occurred in the battery cell B1 when the statistical value VS is equal to or greater than the reference value. That is, through the above operations, the diagnostic circuit 250 may detect that the voltage V k of the battery cell B1 abruptly decreases during the charging period.
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may count the number of times an error occurs in the battery cell B1 .
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may evaluate the state of the battery cell B1 based on the counted number of times. For example, when the counted number is less than the first reference number, the battery cell B1 may be evaluated to be in a normal state. When the counted number is greater than or equal to the first reference number and less than the second reference number, the battery cell B1 may not be in a critical state but may be evaluated as being in a warning state. When the counted number is equal to or greater than the second reference number, the battery cell B1 may be evaluated to be in a dangerous state.
- the first reference number of times may be less than the second reference number of times.
- the control circuit 260 may adjust the reference value according to the accuracy of the estimation of the voltage V kf ′ in the voltage estimation circuit 230 .
- the control circuit 260 may decrease the reference value if the estimation accuracy is high, and may increase the reference value if the estimation accuracy is low.
- Estimating voltage it is " a high accuracy estimation for the estimation voltage (V kf (V kf) 'means that the distribution of) is small, and an accuracy estimate for the estimation voltage (V kf") low estimation voltage (V kf ') means that the variance is large.
- the estimation accuracy of the estimated voltage V kf ′ in the voltage estimation circuit 230 may vary. Specifically, when the temperature of the battery cell B1 decreases, the variance of the estimated voltage V kf ′ may increase. An increase in the variance of the estimated voltage V kf ′ means that the estimation accuracy for the estimated voltage Vkf ′ decreases. That is, when the temperature of the battery cell B1 decreases, the estimation accuracy of the estimated voltage V kf ′ may decrease. Accordingly, when the diagnosis circuit 250 uses the same reference value as at a high temperature even at a low temperature, it is possible to erroneously diagnose whether an error has occurred in the battery cell B1 . In order to prevent the diagnosis circuit 250 from erroneously performing a diagnosis, the control circuit 260 may increase the reference value when the temperature decreases and decrease the reference value when the temperature increases.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a voltage change of the battery cell of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 3 shows a part of the voltage change of the battery cell B1 according to the passage of time in the charging section when the charge/discharge test is repeatedly performed with the test battery cell (for convenience of understanding, the results of some of the repeated tests) bays are shown).
- the x-axis represents time and the y-axis represents voltage.
- the voltage of the battery cell B1 increases with time.
- the voltage of the battery cell B1 temporarily and sharply decreases. This phenomenon is expressed as an abnormal voltage drop phenomenon.
- an abnormal voltage drop was observed in the 3160 to 3180 second interval of the 140th charging cycle.
- the diagnostic circuit 250 of FIG. 2 may check whether an abnormal voltage drop has occurred in the battery cell B1 based on the increase in the voltage level difference.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a Thevenin equivalent circuit model for estimating the voltage of the battery cell of FIG. 2 .
- Thevenin equivalent circuit 40 may be a circuit model in which electrical characteristics of the battery cell B1 of FIG. 2 are reflected. Based on the Thevenin equivalent circuit 40, state variables of the extended Kalman filter used in the voltage estimation circuit 230 of FIG. 2 may be derived.
- Thevenin equivalent circuit 40 is a voltage source 41, a resistor (R 0 ), and a resistor (R 1 )-capacitor (C 1 ) A set may be connected in series.
- the resistor (R 1 )-capacitor (C 1 ) set may have a configuration in which the resistor (R 1 ) and the capacitor (C 1 ) are connected in parallel.
- Thevenin equivalent circuit 40 is illustrated as a primary circuit including one resistor-capacitor set, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the Thevenin equivalent circuit used in the voltage estimation circuit 230 of FIG. 2 may be a P-order circuit in which P resistor-capacitor sets are connected in series with each other.
- P is a natural number.
- V k ′ refers to the level of the voltage of the battery cell B1 at the second time predicted by the voltage estimation circuit 230 .
- I k means the magnitude of the current of the battery cell B1 at the second time point.
- OCV(SOC) refers to the voltage level of the voltage source 41 according to the state of charge (SOC) of the battery cell B1 .
- R 0 ”, R 1 ”, and “C 1 ” mean the size of the resistor R 0 , the size of the resistor R 1 , and the size of the capacitor C 1 , respectively.
- V k-1 and “I k-1 ” refer to the magnitude of the voltage and the magnitude of the current of the battery cell B1 at the first time, referring to the description related to FIG. 2 .
- R 1 and “C 1 ” mean the size of the resistor R 1 and the size of the capacitor C 1 , respectively.
- ⁇ t means the length of time between the second time and the first time.
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may derive the estimated voltage V kf ′ based on [Equation 2]. Operations for the voltage estimation circuit 230 to derive the estimated voltage V kf ′ will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 5 .
- 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process of estimating a voltage of a battery cell in the voltage estimation circuit of FIG. 2 .
- 6A shows a state estimation model to which an extended Kalman filter is applied.
- 6B shows an equation for describing a system model of an extended Kalman filter. 5, 6A, and 6B will be described together for convenience of description.
- Equations e1 to e6 shown in FIG. 6A may be derived.
- Equations e1 to e6 of FIG. 6A represent equations used in a state estimation model to which the extended Kalman filter is applied.
- Equations e11 to e15 of FIG. 6B represent equations for calculating variables related to the system model of the extended Kalman filter.
- the variables may be defined by a user or may be defined by a system to which an extended Kalman filter is applied.
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 of FIG. 2 receives the voltage V k-1 and the current I from the voltage measurement circuit 210 of FIG. 2 and the current measurement circuit 220 of FIG. 2 at the first time. k-1 ) can be received.
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 updates the voltage (V k-1 ) and the current (I k-1 ) based on [Equation 2] described with reference to FIG. 4 over time, and the predicted voltage ( V k ') can be calculated.
- Time update inputs the input values of the past time (specifically, voltage (V k-1 ) and current (I k-1 )), and displays the result value of the current time (specifically, voltage (V k-1 )) means to calculate.
- the predicted voltage V k ′ may be the voltage of the battery cell B1 at the second time that is primarily predicted by the voltage estimation circuit 230 .
- [Equation 2] may correspond to the first equation (e1) in the time update step shown in FIG. 6A .
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may measure and update the predicted voltage V k ′.
- the measurement update refers to inputting a measurement value (specifically, a current I k ) at the current time to correct the predicted voltage V k ′.
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may measure and update the predicted voltage V k ′ to finally calculate the estimated voltage V fk ′.
- the estimated voltage V fk ′ may be the voltage of the battery cell B1 at the second time estimated by the voltage estimation circuit 230 .
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may calculate an error covariance.
- the error covariance may be calculated based on equation (e6) disclosed in FIG. 6A.
- the error covariance may be a measure of how accurate the estimated voltage V fk ′ is.
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may increase the accuracy of the estimated voltage V fk ′ by repeating the time update and the measurement update based on the error covariance.
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 may output information about the estimated voltage V fk ′ to the sampling circuit 240 .
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the sampling circuit of FIG. 2 .
- the voltage measuring circuit 210 and the current measuring circuit 220 of FIG. 2 may measure the voltage and current of the battery cell V1 at regular intervals. In the following descriptions, it is assumed that the voltage measuring circuit 210 and the current measuring circuit 220 respectively measure the voltage and current of the battery cell V1 M times.
- the voltage estimation circuit 230 of FIG. 2 may derive M estimated voltages corresponding thereto.
- the sampling circuit 240 of FIG. 2 may receive information on the M measured voltages V 1 to V m from the voltage measurement circuit 210 .
- the sampling circuit 240 may receive information on the M estimated voltages V 1f ′ to V mf ′ from the voltage estimation circuit 230 .
- the sampling circuit 240 may calculate voltage level differences between the M measured voltages V 1 ⁇ V m and the M estimated voltages V 1f ′ ⁇ V mf ′. As an example, the sampling circuit 240 can calculate the voltage level difference between the voltage (V k) and the estimated voltage (V kf ').
- the sampling circuit 240 may sample M voltage level differences using a sliding window method.
- the sliding window method may be a method of selecting a representative value from two or more windows overlapping each other in the data dimension. For example, in the time dimension, a representative value is selected based on a specific criterion among the input data collected in the first time period (t1 - t3), and the second time period (t2 - t4) overlaps with a part of the first time period It may be to select a representative value based on the same specific criterion among the input data collected in . That is, the sampling circuit 240 may select Q voltage level differences among the M voltage level differences by using the sliding window method. "Q" is a natural number less than "M". However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the sampling circuit 240 may sample M voltage level differences using a fixed window method.
- the sampling circuit 240 may calculate a statistical value VS of Q sampled voltage level differences.
- the statistical value VS of the Q voltage level differences may be one of an average value, a maximum value, a minimum value, and a standard deviation of the Q voltage level differences.
- the sampling circuit 240 may output the statistical value VS to the diagnostic circuit 250 .
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating operations of the diagnostic circuit of FIG. 2 .
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may receive the statistical value VS from the sampling circuit 240 .
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may compare the statistical value VS with a reference value.
- the reference value may vary depending on the temperature of the battery cell B1 of FIG. 2 .
- the reference value may be derived by [Equation 3] below.
- Thr1 means a reference value
- Thr0 means a constant
- f(temp) means a function value that varies depending on the temperature of the battery cell B1.
- Equation (e14) of FIG. 6B may be expressed as [Equation 4].
- Q W is a variable of the system model
- ⁇ soc 2 and ⁇ Vk 2 mean the variance of the voltage OCV(SOC) and the variance of the voltage V k .
- Equation (e2) of FIG. 6A it varies depending on the variable Q W of the predicted voltage V k ', and the variance ⁇ soc 2 of the voltage OCV(SOC) and the voltage V k )
- the variance of ( ⁇ Vk 2 ) varies with temperature.
- the function value f(temp) may be determined according to the amount of change in the variance ( ⁇ Vk 2 ) of the voltage V k according to the temperature.
- the function value f(temp) may be determined to be proportional to the amount of change in the variance ( ⁇ Vk 2 ) of the voltage V k according to the temperature. Also, the function value f(temp) may be determined by the user to increase when the temperature of the battery cell B1 increases and decrease when the temperature of the battery cell B1 decreases. That is, the reference value may increase when the temperature of the battery cell B1 increases and decrease when the temperature of the battery cell B1 decreases.
- operation S330 may be performed.
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may determine that an error has occurred in the battery cell B1 . In this case, the diagnostic circuit 250 may increase the number of errors NG_count of the battery cell B1 by one.
- operation S340 may be performed.
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may determine that an error has not occurred in the battery cell B1 . In this case, the diagnosis circuit 250 may maintain the number of errors NG_count of the battery cell B1 as it is.
- the diagnosis circuit 250 may compare the number of errors NG_count with the first reference number.
- operation S360 may be performed.
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may determine that the battery cell B1 is in a normal state.
- operation S370 may be performed.
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may compare the number of errors NG_count with the second reference number.
- the second reference number of times may be greater than the first reference number of times.
- operation S380 may be performed.
- the diagnosis circuit 250 may determine that the battery cell B1 is in a warning state.
- operation S390 may be performed.
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may determine that the battery cell B1 is in a critical state.
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may output state information of the battery cell B1 .
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may output the state information of the battery cell B1 to a controller located inside or outside the battery pack 10 of FIG. 2 .
- the diagnostic circuit 250 may output information on the state of the battery cell B1 to the control circuit 260 of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating a change in an estimated voltage according to a temperature of a battery cell.
- the X-axis of the graph represents the temperature (°C) of the battery cell B1 of FIG. 2
- the Y-axis represents the variance of the estimated voltage V fk ′.
- the control circuit 260 of FIG. 2 may adjust the reference value based on this tendency.
- the function value f(temp) in Equation 3 described above is a function expression representing the relationship between the temperature of the battery cell B1 shown in the graph of FIG. 9 and the variance of the estimated voltage V fk ' can Specifically, in some temperature sections (-20°C to 10°C), the change in the function value (f(temp)) is large, and in some temperature sections (10°C to 40°C), the function value (f(temp)) The change may be smaller.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an apparatus for diagnosing a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery diagnosis apparatus 800 includes a microcontroller (MCU) 810 that controls various processes and each configuration, an operating system program and various programs (eg, a battery diagnosis program, a voltage approximation formula calculation program, etc.) ( 840) may be provided.
- MCU microcontroller
- various programs eg, a battery diagnosis program, a voltage approximation formula calculation program, etc.
- the computer program according to the present invention is recorded in the memory 820 and processed by the microcontroller 810 to be implemented as a module that performs, for example, each of the functional blocks shown in FIG. 2 .
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 배터리 셀의 양 단의 전압을 측정하는 전압 측정 회로;상기 배터리 셀의 상기 양 단 중 일 단을 흐르는 전류를 측정하는 전류 측정 회로;상기 전류 및 상태 추정 모델에 기초하여, 상기 전압의 전압 레벨에 대한 추정 값인 추정 전압 레벨을 계산하는 전압 추정 회로;상기 전압 측정 회로에 의하여 측정된 전압 레벨과 상기 추정 전압 레벨 사이의 전압 레벨 차이를 계산하고, 상기 전압 레벨 차이와 기준 값에 기초하여 상기 배터리 셀에서 에러가 발생하였는지 여부를 확인하기 위한 진단 회로; 및상기 추정 전압 레벨에 대한 추정 정확도에 따라, 상기 기준 값을 조절하는 제어 회로를 포함하는 배터리 진단 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 상태 추정 모델은 확장 칼만 필터(Extended Kalman Filter)에 기초하는 재귀 필터 모델인 배터리 진단 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 에러는 상기 배터리 셀이 충전되는 도중에, 상기 배터리 셀의 상기 양 단의 상기 전압이 일시적으로 감소하는 이상 전압 강하 현상인 배터리 진단 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 진단 회로는 상기 전압 레벨 차이와 상기 기준 값을 비교한 비교 결과에 기초하여, 상기 배터리 셀에서 상기 에러가 발생하였는지 여부를 확인하고,상기 제어 회로는 상기 추정 정확도가 높아지면 상기 기준 값을 감소시키고, 상기 추정 정확도가 낮아지면 상기 기준 값을 증가시키고,상기 추정 정확도는 상기 추정 전압 레벨의 분산이 클수록 낮아지는 배터리 진단 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제어 회로는 상기 배터리 셀의 온도가 높아지는 경우 상기 기준 값을 감소시키고, 상기 배터리의 온도가 낮아지면 상기 기준 값을 증가시키는 배터리 진단 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 전압 측정 회로는 상기 전압을 복수 번 측정하여 복수 개의 전압 레벨들에 대한 정보를 획득하고,상기 전류 측정 회로는 상기 전류를 복수 번 측정하여 복수 개의 전류 레벨들에 대한 정보를 획득하고,상기 전압 추정 회로는 상기 복수 개의 전류 레벨들 및 상기 상태 추정 모델에 기초하여, 상기 복수 개의 전압 레벨들의 추정 값들인 추정 전압 레벨들을 계산하고,상기 진단 회로는 상기 복수 개의 전압 레벨들과 상기 추정 전압 레벨들 사이의 전압 레벨 차이들을 샘플링하고, 상기 샘플링된 전압 레벨 차이들의 통계 값과 상기 기준 값을 비교한 비교 결과에 기초하여, 상기 배터리 셀의 고장 여부를 진단하는 배터리 진단 장치.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 진단 회로는 슬라이딩 윈도우 방식을 이용하여, 상기 전압 레벨 차이들을 샘플링하는 배터리 진단 장치.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 통계 값은 상기 전압 레벨 차이들의 평균 값, 상기 전압 레벨 차이들 중 최대 값, 상치 레벨 차이들 중 최소 값, 또는 상기 전압 레벨 차이들의 표준 편차인 배터리 진단 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 전류는 상기 배터리 셀로 입력되는 전류인 배터리 진단 장치.
- 배터리 진단 장치에 의해, 제 1 시각 및 제 2 시각 각각에서 배터리 셀의 양 단의 전압을 측정하는 단계;상기 배터리 진단 장치에 의해, 상기 제 1 시각 및 상기 제 2 시각 각각에서 상기 배터리 셀의 상기 양 단 중 일 단을 흐르는 전류를 측정하는 단계;상기 배터리 진단 장치에 의해, 상기 제 1 시각에서 측정된 상기 전압, 상기 제 1 시각에서 측정된 상기 전류 및 상기 제 2 시각에서 측정된 상기 전류 및 상태 추정 모델에 기초하여, 상기 제 2 시각에서 측정되는 상기 전압의 전압 레벨의 추정 값인 추정 전압 레벨을 계산하는 단계; 및상기 배터리 진단 장치에 의해, 상기 제 2 시각에서 측정된 상기 전압의 상기 전압 레벨과 상기 추정 전압 레벨 사이의 전압 레벨 차이와 기준 값에 기초하여, 상기 배터리 셀의 고장 여부를 진단하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 기준 값은 상기 추정 전압 레벨에 대한 추정 정확도에 따라 결정되고,상기 제 2 시각은 상기 제 1 시각 이후의 시각인 배터리 진단 방법.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,상기 전압 레벨을 추정하는 단계는 테브닌 등가 회로에 기초하는 확장 칼만 필터가 적용된 상기 상태 추정 모델에 기초하여, 상기 추정 전압 레벨을 계산하고,상기 테브닌 등가 회로는 상기 배터리 셀의 전압-전류 특성이 반영된 배터리 진단 방법.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 전압 레벨을 추정하는 단계는:상기 테브닌 등가 회로에 기초하여, 상기 확장 칼만 필터의 상태 변수를 산출하는 단계;상기 제 1 시각에서 측정된 상기 전압 및 상기 상태 변수에 기초하여, 상기 제 2 시각에서의 상기 전압의 상기 전압 레벨을 예측하는 단계; 및상기 제 2 시각에서 측정된 상기 전류 및 상기 예측된 전압 레벨에 기초하여, 상기 추정 전압 레벨을 계산하는 단계를 더 포함하는 배터리 진단 방법.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,상기 추정 정확도는 상기 배터리 셀의 온도에 따라 결정되고,상기 배터리 셀의 상기 온도가 높아지는 경우 상기 기준 값을 감소시키고 상기 배터리 셀의 상기 온도가 낮아지는 경우 상기 기준 값을 증가시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 배터리 진단 방법.
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| JP2022519728A JP7332084B2 (ja) | 2020-05-15 | 2021-04-26 | バッテリーを診断するための装置及びその方法 |
| EP21803320.7A EP4024066A4 (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2021-04-26 | BATTERY DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE AND METHOD THEREOF |
| CN202180005808.7A CN114514433B (zh) | 2020-05-15 | 2021-04-26 | 用于诊断电池的设备和方法 |
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| JP2025516737A (ja) * | 2022-09-08 | 2025-05-30 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー管理装置及び方法 |
| CN115267589B (zh) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-01-06 | 陕西汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种电动汽车电池故障多参数联合诊断方法 |
| KR102791627B1 (ko) * | 2022-09-29 | 2025-04-08 | 호서대학교 산학협력단 | 양식장의 전동 펌프 상태 이상 감지 방법 |
| JP2025540369A (ja) * | 2022-12-22 | 2025-12-11 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 電池管理装置およびその動作方法 |
| CN117092519A (zh) * | 2023-08-21 | 2023-11-21 | 湖南行必达网联科技有限公司 | 一种基于XGBoost的电动重卡电池故障预警方法、装置及设备 |
| KR102899570B1 (ko) * | 2023-10-16 | 2025-12-12 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 진단 장치 및 그것의 동작 방법 |
| CN117706392B (zh) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-09-10 | 宁波宇宁软件技术有限公司 | 电池的测试方法、系统、设备及介质 |
| KR20250074919A (ko) * | 2023-11-21 | 2025-05-28 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 배터리 접촉 불량 검출 장치 및 방법 |
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| US20220341997A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
| KR102894277B1 (ko) | 2025-12-02 |
| EP4024066A4 (en) | 2022-12-07 |
| EP4024066A1 (en) | 2022-07-06 |
| US12188986B2 (en) | 2025-01-07 |
| CN114514433A (zh) | 2022-05-17 |
| JP7332084B2 (ja) | 2023-08-23 |
| KR20210141211A (ko) | 2021-11-23 |
| JP2022550154A (ja) | 2022-11-30 |
| CN114514433B (zh) | 2025-09-05 |
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