WO2021230025A1 - 熱可塑性樹脂と金属の接合方法 - Google Patents
熱可塑性樹脂と金属の接合方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021230025A1 WO2021230025A1 PCT/JP2021/016120 JP2021016120W WO2021230025A1 WO 2021230025 A1 WO2021230025 A1 WO 2021230025A1 JP 2021016120 W JP2021016120 W JP 2021016120W WO 2021230025 A1 WO2021230025 A1 WO 2021230025A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thermoplastic resin
- metal
- interface
- bonded
- fluororesin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/324—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/44—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
- B29C65/8215—Tensile tests
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- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
- B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
- B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
- B29C66/00143—Active gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29C66/026—Chemical pre-treatments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/028—Non-mechanical surface pre-treatments, i.e. by flame treatment, electric discharge treatment, plasma treatment, wave energy or particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
- B23K2103/42—Plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/009—Using laser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
- B29C66/73115—Melting point
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
- B29C66/7428—Transition metals or their alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of joining a thermoplastic resin material and a metal material, and more specifically, to a method of firmly and directly joining a thermoplastic resin material and a metal material without using an adhesive or rivet fastening. ..
- an adhesive or rivet fastening to join a metal material and a resin material.
- bonding is achieved by physical adsorption force or chemical adsorption force
- rivet fastening is used, bonding is achieved by physical fastening with rivets.
- fluororesin has excellent chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, flame retardancy, water repellency and oil repellency, and has characteristic electrical characteristics such as low relative permittivity and low dielectric loss tangent, and thus medical equipment.
- fluororesin has a stable molecular structure and is inactive, so it is extremely difficult to bond fluororesin to each other and to other materials, which is good.
- Surface treatment is basically indispensable in order to obtain a flexible adhesive portion.
- thermoplastic resin materials such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ABS resin (ABS), engineering plastics and super engineering plastics are also various. It is used in large quantities in the field of the above, and direct bonding between these thermoplastic resin materials and metal materials is also desired. However, since the molecular structure of these thermoplastic resins is stable and inactive, it is extremely difficult to directly bond the thermoplastic resin material to the metal material, and in order to obtain a good joint, basically the surface is used. Processing is essential.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-104132
- the surface of the first flat fluororesin material having laser permeability and the second surface having laser transparency are provided.
- the laser beam L is irradiated from the surface side of the second flat fluororesin material to heat the laser absorber, and the first flat fluororesin material and the second flat fluororesin material are heated.
- a method for joining fluororesin materials which comprises a step of melting the facing surfaces of the resin materials and a step of fusing the melted fluororesin materials to each other, has been proposed.
- the wettability is improved by forming a rough surface on at least one surface of each fluororesin material in advance, and the liquid laser absorber is a fluororesin material. Since it spreads evenly on the surface of the fluororesin material and the welding unevenness does not occur, the fluororesin materials can be stably bonded to each other by irradiating the laser beam.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-56363
- the surface temperature of the molded body containing the organic polymer compound is set to (melting point ⁇ 120 of the organic polymer compound) ° C. or higher, and the surface of the molded body is set.
- a method for producing a surface-modified molded product which is characterized by introducing a peroxide radical by subjecting it to atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, has been proposed.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-123153
- a method of directly joining one of the materials to be joined and the other material to be joined in which one of the materials to be joined is a fluororesin.
- a method for joining a fluororesin which comprises a second step of abutting a joining material to form an interface to be joined and a third step of raising the temperature of the interface to be joined by laser irradiation. ing.
- the CF bond of the fluororesin is separated by laser irradiation, and the molecular structure is stabilized by binding sodium and fluorine, which have high bondability with fluorine. It is possible to improve the bondability of the inactive fluororesin.
- Patent Document 1 the joining method described in Patent Document 1 is intended for joining fluororesin materials to each other, and cannot join fluororesin materials and metal materials. Further, the material to be bonded is limited to a fluororesin material having laser permeability, and a laser absorber that does not directly contribute to the improvement of the bonding interface strength remains at the bonding interface.
- thermoplastic resin material in addition to the need to dispose a thermoplastic resin material in a chamber having a vacuum exhaust system and perform atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, the heat is applied. It is necessary to raise the surface temperature of the plastic resin material to a specified temperature range. That is, the size and shape of the applicable thermoplastic resin material are limited, and the process becomes complicated. Further, only the adherend having a reactive functional group can be adhered to the thermoplastic resin material.
- an object of the present invention is a simple method for directly joining thermoplastic resin materials or a thermoplastic resin material and a metal material without using an adhesive or rivet fastening. Therefore, it can be applied without being limited by the size and shape of the material to be joined, does not include a wet process, and can produce a uniform and high-strength joint in a large amount and with high efficiency.
- the present invention is to provide a method for directly joining with a resin.
- the present inventor has formed an appropriate surface modification region on the surface of the metal material by irradiation with a pulse laser. We found that was effective and arrived at the present invention.
- the present invention It is a method of directly joining a metal material and a thermoplastic resin material.
- a metal oxide particle cluster formed by continuously joining metal oxide particles having a particle size of 5 to 500 nm to the surface-modified region is formed.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster shall be 50 nm to 3 ⁇ m.
- a method for directly joining a metal thermoplastic resin which is characterized by the above.
- the dissociation of the molecular bond of the thermoplastic resin material in the third step is promoted by the metal oxide particle cluster, and a strong bonded portion can be efficiently obtained.
- the thermoplastic resin material is a fluororesin material
- the dissociation of the CF bond is promoted by the metal oxide particle cluster
- the thermoplastic resin material is other than the fluororesin material, the CH bond and C
- a strong joint can be obtained.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster which is the interface to be joined on the metal material side, to 50 nm to 3 ⁇ m, the adhesion between the metal oxide particle cluster and the thermoplastic resin material can be improved. Can be secured.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster is set to 50 nm or more, so that the strength of the joint is improved by filling with the thermoplastic resin.
- the thickness is set to 3 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent the thermoplastic resin from remaining as a void without being filled.
- the surface of the metal material is irradiated with a pulse laser in an oxidizing atmosphere to form a surface modification region, so that the surface modification region is formed. It is not necessary to use a wet process for the formation of the resin, and a large amount and efficiently a uniform surface modification region can be formed.
- the laser equipment used in the first process may be used in the third process, so that the work efficiency can be improved and the equipment introduction cost can be reduced.
- the laser used in the first step and the third step is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and various conventionally known lasers can be used, for example, a semiconductor laser capable of efficiently heating a metal material. Can be preferably used.
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles is 50 to 200 nm.
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles By setting the particle size of the metal oxide particles to 50 nm or more, it becomes easy to set the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster to 50 nm or more. Further, by setting the particle size of the metal oxide particles to 200 nm or less, it becomes easy to set the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster to 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles when the thermoplastic resin material is heated on the surface of the metal oxide particles, the CF bond of the fluororesin material and other factors are observed.
- the CF bond of the fluororesin material is dissociated by the catalytic action of the metal oxide particles in the third step. It is preferable to bond a functional group such as a carboxyl group generated by the dissociation with a metal element contained in the metal material.
- the CF bond of the fluororesin material is strong and it is extremely difficult to dissociate it, but the CF bond can be efficiently dissociated by utilizing the catalytic action of the metal oxide particles. Further, by dissociating the CF bond in the vicinity of the metal oxide particles, the carboxyl group or the like can be bonded to the metal element contained in the metal oxide particles.
- bonding is achieved by bonding a functional group such as a carboxyl group derived from a fluororesin material and a metal element contained in the metal material.
- a functional group such as a carboxyl group derived from a fluororesin material
- a metal element contained in the metal material it means a metal element derived from a metal material contained in the metal oxide particles.
- the bonding is achieved by bonding the functional group derived from the thermoplastic resin material and the metal element contained in the metal material, but the "metal element contained in the metal material" is a surface modification. In the quality region, it means a metal element derived from a metal material contained in metal oxide particles.
- the surface modification region has an area of 20% or more of the interface to be joined. By setting the surface modification region to an area of 20% or more of the interface to be joined, high joint strength and reliability can be ensured for the entire joint portion.
- the irradiation energy of one pulse of the pulse laser used in the first step is 0.2 to 1.0 mj.
- the irradiation energy of one pulse of the pulse laser is 0.2 to 1.0 mj.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster can be set to 50 nm to 3 ⁇ m.
- thermoplastic resin when the thermoplastic resin is a fluororesin, it is preferable to apply a pressure of 5 MPa or more to the interface to be bonded in the third step.
- a pressure of 5 MPa or more to the interface to be bonded in the third step the fluororesin material and the metal material (metal oxide particle cluster) can be brought into close contact with each other, and a strong bonded portion can be obtained.
- the bubbles or the like are formed at the joint due to the temperature rise, the bubbles can be discharged to the outside of the system.
- thermoplastic resin when the thermoplastic resin is other than a fluororesin, a pressure of more than 0 and 0.8 MPa or less is applied to the interface to be joined in the third step.
- a pressure of more than 0 and 0.8 MPa or less is applied to the interface to be joined in the third step.
- the adhesion between the metal material and the thermoplastic resin material can be improved, the formation of defects can be suppressed, and the bonding strength of the bonded interface can be improved.
- the applied pressure by setting the applied pressure to 0.8 MPa or less, the formation of the skin layer and the bulk layer of the thermoplastic resin in the vicinity of the bonding interface can be suppressed, and the progress of fracture from the layers between the skin layer and the bulk layer can be suppressed. can do.
- thermoplastic resins such as polypropylene (PP) and polyacetal (POM)
- PP polypropylene
- POM polyacetal
- the strength of the resin main chain is not so high, so that the shape changes due to expansion and contraction of the thermoplastic resin during heat bonding.
- the bond breaks between the skin layer of the thermoplastic resin and the bulk, making it difficult to maintain the bonded body.
- a good joint can be formed by applying an appropriate joint pressure (pressure of 0.8 MPa or less) that does not cause internal destruction of the thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin other than the fluororesin is one of general-purpose plastics, engineering plastics, and super engineering plastics.
- the type of the thermoplastic resin material is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and various conventionally known thermoplastic resin materials can be used, and the metal thermoplastic resin direct bonding method of the present invention is used. This makes it possible to obtain a good bonded body in which these plastic materials and metal materials are directly bonded.
- the temperature (T) of the interface to be joined in the third step is the relational expression (1): the thermoplastic resin material. It is preferable that the melting point (° C.) ⁇ T ⁇ the thermal decomposition temperature of the thermoplastic resin material is satisfied.
- the temperature of the interface to be bonded in the third step should be 160 to 387 ° C. Is preferable.
- the temperature of the interface to be bonded in the third step is preferably 125 to 406 ° C.
- the third step is performed in a state where the metal material and the bonded interface of the thermoplastic resin material are in close contact with each other. After the third step, it is preferable to maintain the close contact state until the temperature of the bonding interface becomes 80% or less of the melting point (° C.) of the thermoplastic resin material.
- the joining interface When the temperature is above or near the melting point of the thermoplastic resin material, the state of the bonding interface is unstable, and sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained if the constraint is removed in this state. On the other hand, by maintaining the constraint until the temperature of the bonding interface becomes 80% or less of the melting point (° C.) of the thermoplastic resin material, a stable and high-strength bonding interface can be obtained.
- thermoplastic resin material since the melting point of polypropylene is 160 ° C., it is preferable to maintain the restrained state until the temperature of the bonding interface becomes 128 ° C. (about 130 ° C.) or less.
- the pulse laser is irradiated from the thermoplastic resin material side to the thermoplastic resin material.
- the pulse laser is irradiated from the metal material side.
- the thermoplastic resin material is transparent, the pulse laser is irradiated from the thermoplastic resin material side, and when the thermoplastic resin material is opaque, the pulse laser is irradiated from the metal material side to efficiently control the temperature of the interface to be bonded. Can be raised to.
- the laser from the metal material side it can be used as a material to be bonded regardless of the type of the thermoplastic resin material.
- a space can be provided on the thermoplastic resin material side, and if necessary, pressure can be applied from the surface of the thermoplastic resin material.
- the metal material is selected from steel material, aluminum material, aluminum alloy material, titanium material, titanium alloy material, nickel-titanium alloy material, copper material and copper alloy material. It is preferable to use either one.
- the type of metal material is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the invention is not impaired, and various conventionally known metal materials can be used.
- the metal material is a steel material, an aluminum material, an aluminum alloy material, a titanium material, or a titanium alloy material.
- Nickel-titanium alloy material, copper material and copper alloy material, metal oxide particles having a particle size of 5 to 500 nm can be easily continuously produced by irradiation with a pulsed laser in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster can be 50 nm to 3 ⁇ m.
- the steel material also includes a general-purpose covering material such as stainless steel material and galvanized steel sheet.
- the aluminum material, the aluminum alloy material, the titanium material and the titanium alloy material have high specific strength, and the bonded body with the thermoplastic resin material can be suitably used for applications requiring light weight and high strength.
- the steel material is the most widely used metal material, and the bonded body with the thermoplastic resin material can be used for a wide variety of applications.
- stainless steel since stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance, by combining a thermoplastic resin material (particularly fluororesin material) with a stainless steel material, it can be suitably used in related industries such as medical equipment, foods and pharmaceuticals. Can be done.
- thermoplastic resin and a metal of the present invention it is a simple method for directly joining the thermoplastic resin materials to each other or the thermoplastic resin material and the metal material without using an adhesive or rivet fastening.
- a direct joining method can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram of the method of directly joining a metal fluororesin of the present invention.
- a first step (S01) for forming a surface modification region on a metal material, a second step (S02) for forming an interface to be joined, and raising the temperature of the interface to be joined are raised.
- First step (S01: Surface modification region forming step) The first step (S01) is a step for obtaining a surface modification region that contributes to the formation of a strong bonding interface.
- the surface-modified region is a metal oxide particle cluster in which metal oxide particles having a particle size of 5 to 500 nm are continuously bonded, and the maximum height (Sz) is 50 nm to 3 ⁇ m. Form particle clusters.
- the metal oxide particle cluster and the fluororesin material in the third step (S03) can be combined. Adhesion can be guaranteed.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster is 50 nm or more, the strength of the joint can be improved by filling with fluororesin, and by setting it to 3 ⁇ m or less, the fluororesin is filled. It is possible to prevent the residue from remaining as a void.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the more preferable metal oxide particle cluster is 100 nm to 2 ⁇ m, and the most preferable maximum height (Sz) is 200 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles is 50 to 200 nm.
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles By setting the particle size of the metal oxide particles to 50 nm or more, it becomes easy to set the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster to 50 nm or more. Further, by setting the particle size of the metal oxide particles to 200 nm or less, it becomes easy to set the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster to 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles to 50 to 200 nm the dissociation of the CF bond of the fluororesin material is promoted when the fluororesin material is heated on the surface of the metal oxide particles. can do.
- the surface of the metal material is irradiated with a pulse laser in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the laser used in the first step is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and various conventionally known lasers can be used.
- a semiconductor laser capable of efficiently heating a metal material is preferably used. be able to.
- the irradiation energy of one pulse of the pulse laser is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mj.
- a metal oxide particle cluster in which metal oxide particles having a particle size of 5 to 500 nm are continuously bonded to the irradiation region can be formed.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster can be set to 50 nm to 3 ⁇ m.
- the type of oxidizing atmosphere is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and the atmosphere may be such that metal oxide particle clusters are formed on the surface of the metal material by irradiation with a pulse laser.
- the atmosphere You can process it inside.
- the surface modification region may be formed at the interface to be bonded of the metal material, but it is preferable that the surface modification region has an area of 20% or more of the interface to be bonded. By setting the surface modification region to an area of 20% or more of the interface to be joined, high joint strength and reliability can be ensured for the entire joint portion. Further, the surface modification region may be formed in a planar shape, and for example, an appropriate pattern may be drawn as a linear shape or the like.
- Second step (S02: Bonded interface forming step) The second step (S02) is a step for abutting the metal material for which the surface modification region was formed in the first step (S01) with the fluororesin material to form an interface to be joined.
- the metal material and the fluororesin material may be brought into contact with each other in a general superposition state.
- the end face of the metal material is brought into contact with the surface of the fluororesin material, so-called T-shape. It may be in the state of the joint.
- the heat-resistant glass plate or the like is brought into contact with the surface of either one or both of the materials to be joined and the entire surface is restrained between the materials to be joined. Can be brought into close contact with each other, and deviation of the interface to be bonded during laser irradiation can be suppressed. It is preferable to use heat-resistant glass having excellent laser transparency.
- the fluororesin used as the material to be bonded is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and conventionally known fluororesins can be used.
- the fluororesin include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, melting point: 327 ° C.), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE, melting point: 220 ° C.), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, melting point: 151 to 178 ° C.), and the like.
- Polyvinylfluoride (PVF, melting point 203 ° C), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP, melting point: 250 to 275 ° C), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA, melting point: 302 to) 310 ° C), tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ETFE, melting point: 218 to 270 ° C), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorodioxol copolymer (TFE / PDD), chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ECTFE, melting point: 245 ° C.) and the like can be mentioned, but since the bonding method of the fluororesin of the present invention can obtain a bonded portion having excellent high temperature strength without using an adhesive, polytetrafluoroethylene having a high melting point can be obtained. It is preferable to use fluoroethylene (PTFE
- the metal material used as the material to be joined is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and various conventionally known metal materials can be used, for example, stainless steel, titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum, and aluminum alloy. , Magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, copper alloy, etc. can be used, but aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium, and titanium alloy are preferably used from the viewpoint of specific strength, and stainless steel and titanium are preferably used from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance and the like. And titanium alloys are preferably used.
- the third step (S03) is a step of raising the temperature of the interface to be bonded formed in the second step (S02) by laser irradiation to achieve bonding.
- the pulse laser is irradiated from the fluororesin material side when the fluororesin material is transparent, and to irradiate the pulse laser from the metal material side when the fluororesin material is opaque.
- the pulse laser is irradiated from the fluororesin material side, and when the fluororesin material is opaque, the pulse laser is irradiated from the metal material side to efficiently raise the temperature of the interface to be bonded. be able to.
- the laser from the metal material side it can be used as a material to be bonded regardless of the type of the fluororesin material.
- a space can be provided on the fluororesin material side, and if necessary, pressure can be applied from the surface of the fluororesin material.
- the third step (S03) it is preferable to apply a pressure of 5 MPa or more to the interface to be joined.
- a pressure of 5 MPa or more to the interface to be bonded the fluororesin material and the metal material (metal oxide particle cluster) can be brought into close contact with each other, and a strong bonded portion can be obtained.
- the bubbles or the like can be discharged to the outside of the system.
- the joint portion obtained by the metal fluororesin direct joining method of the present invention has sufficiently high strength, but the variation in quality can be reduced by adding a pressurizing step.
- the pressurization for example, the softened fluororesin material spreads beyond the range of the heat-affected zone of the metal material, so that the bonding interface between the metal material and the fluororesin material can be expanded.
- a heat-resistant glass plate or the like is brought into contact with the surface of either one or both of the materials to be bonded and the entire surface is restrained, so that the interface to be bonded is more easily applied. Can be pressed.
- the process parameters related to laser irradiation such as laser output, scanning speed and focal length are appropriately selected according to the type and size of the material to be bonded, the area of the interface to be bonded, the mechanical properties required for the joint, and the like. do it.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a joint obtained by the metal fluororesin direct joining method of the present invention.
- the metal fluororesin bonding body 2 is a lap bonding member of the fluororesin material 4 and the metal material 6, and the fluororesin material 4 and the metal material 6 are directly bonded to each other.
- the fluororesin material 4 and the metal material 6 are directly bonded to each other, and no adhesive, rivet, or the like is used in the joint portion 8.
- the metal resin bonded body 2 can be suitably manufactured by the above-mentioned method for joining the fluororesin of the present invention.
- the fluororesin material 4 and the metal material 6 are firmly bonded to each other, and when the fluororesin material 4 and the metal material 6 are forcibly peeled off, TEM observation or high-magnification SEM observation can be performed.
- the fluororesin material 4 elongated in a fibrous form can be observed at the bonding interface. Further, when a shear tensile test is performed on the metal fluororesin bonded body 2, the fluororesin material 4 exhibits excellent tensile properties to the extent that the fluororesin material 4 is elongated.
- the amount of F detected is extremely small as compared with C and O.
- thermoplastic resin is other than fluororesin
- Method of joining the thermoplastic resin and metal Even when the thermoplastic resin is other than fluororesin, a good joint can be obtained by following the process diagram shown in FIG. Can be done. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.
- First step (S01: Surface modification region forming step) The first step (S01) is a step for obtaining a surface modification region that contributes to the formation of a strong bonding interface.
- the surface-modified region is a metal oxide particle cluster in which metal oxide particles having a particle size of 5 to 500 nm are continuously bonded, and the maximum height (Sz) is 50 nm to 3 ⁇ m. Form particle clusters.
- the metal oxide particle cluster and the thermoplastic resin material in the third step (S03) can be used. Adhesion can be guaranteed.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster is 50 nm or more, the strength of the joint can be improved by filling with the thermoplastic resin, and by setting it to 3 ⁇ m or less, the thermoplastic resin can be obtained. It is possible to prevent the void from remaining without being filled.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the more preferable metal oxide particle cluster is 100 nm to 2 ⁇ m, and the most preferable maximum height (Sz) is 200 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles is 50 to 200 nm.
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles By setting the particle size of the metal oxide particles to 50 nm or more, it becomes easy to set the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster to 50 nm or more. Further, by setting the particle size of the metal oxide particles to 200 nm or less, it becomes easy to set the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster to 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the metal oxide particles when the thermoplastic resin material is heated on the surface of the metal oxide particles, the CH bond of the thermoplastic resin material and the like can be formed. Dissociation can be promoted.
- the surface of the metal material is irradiated with a pulse laser in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the laser used in the first step is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and various conventionally known lasers can be used.
- a semiconductor laser capable of efficiently heating a metal material is preferably used. be able to.
- the irradiation energy of one pulse of the pulse laser is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mj.
- a metal oxide particle cluster in which metal oxide particles having a particle size of 5 to 500 nm are continuously bonded to the irradiation region can be formed.
- the maximum height (Sz) of the surface of the metal oxide particle cluster can be set to 50 nm to 3 ⁇ m.
- the type of oxidizing atmosphere is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and the atmosphere may be such that metal oxide particle clusters are formed on the surface of the metal material by irradiation with a pulse laser, for example, the atmosphere. You can process it inside.
- the surface modification region may be formed at the interface to be bonded of the metal material, but it is preferable that the surface modification region has an area of 20% or more of the interface to be bonded. By setting the surface modification region to an area of 20% or more of the interface to be joined, high joint strength and reliability can be ensured for the entire joint portion. Further, the surface modification region may be formed in a planar shape, and for example, an appropriate pattern may be drawn as a linear shape or the like.
- Second step (S02: Bonded interface forming step) The second step (S02) is a step for abutting the metal material for which the surface modification region was formed in the first step (S01) with the thermoplastic resin material to form the interface to be bonded.
- the metal material and the thermoplastic resin material may be brought into contact with each other in a general superposed state.
- the end surface of the metal material is brought into contact with the surface of the thermoplastic resin material, so-called. It may be in the state of a T-shaped joint.
- a heat-resistant glass plate or the like is brought into contact with the surface of either one or both of the materials to be joined and the entire surface is restrained. It is possible to bring them into close contact with each other, and it is possible to suppress displacement of the interface to be joined during laser irradiation. It is preferable to use heat-resistant glass having excellent laser transparency.
- the jig to be used is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known jigs can be used.
- thermoplastic resin used as the material to be bonded is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and conventionally known general-purpose plastics, engineering plastics and super engineering plastics can be preferably used. More specifically, for example, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyacetal (POM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ABS resin (ABS), polyamide (PA). ), Polyethylene (PC), PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), and various carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) can be used.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PS polystyrene
- POM polyacetal
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- ABS resin ABS resin
- PA polyamide
- PC Polyethylene
- PET Polyethylene terephthalate
- GFRP glass fiber reinforced plastics
- the metal material used as the material to be joined is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and various conventionally known metal materials can be used, for example, steel materials, aluminum materials, aluminum alloy materials, titanium materials, and the like. Any of titanium alloy material, nickel-titanium alloy material, copper material and copper alloy material can be used, but from the viewpoint of specific strength, aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium and titanium alloy are preferably used, and corrosion resistance is preferable. From the viewpoint of the above, it is preferable to use stainless steel, titanium and a titanium alloy, and from the viewpoint of material cost, it is preferable to use various carbon steels including zinc-plated steel plates.
- the third step (S03) is a step of raising the temperature of the interface to be bonded formed in the second step (S02) by laser irradiation to achieve bonding.
- the pulse laser is irradiated from the thermoplastic resin material side, and when the thermoplastic resin material is opaque, the pulse laser is irradiated from the metal material side.
- the thermoplastic resin material is transparent, the pulse laser is irradiated from the thermoplastic resin material side, and when the thermoplastic resin material is opaque, the pulse laser is irradiated from the metal material side to efficiently control the temperature of the interface to be bonded. Can be raised to. Further, by irradiating the laser from the metal material side, it can be used as a material to be bonded regardless of the type of the thermoplastic resin material. Further, by heating from the metal material side, a space can be provided on the thermoplastic resin material side, and if necessary, pressure can be applied from the surface of the thermoplastic resin material.
- the temperature (T) of the interface to be joined in the third step (S03) satisfies the relational expression (1): melting point (° C.) ⁇ T ⁇ of the thermoplastic resin material and the thermal decomposition temperature of the thermoplastic resin material.
- the temperature (T) of the interface to be joined can be set to be equal to or lower than the thermal decomposition temperature of the thermoplastic resin material, it is possible to suppress a decrease in strength of the thermoplastic resin material due to excessive heat input.
- the temperature (T) of the interface to be bonded can be measured, for example, by attaching a K-type thermocouple to the center of the interface to be bonded on the metal material side.
- the third step (S03) it is preferable to apply a pressure of more than 0 and 0.8 MPa or less to the interface to be joined.
- a pressure of more than 0 and 0.8 MPa or less By applying pressure to the interface to be bonded, the adhesion between the metal material and the thermoplastic resin material can be improved, the formation of defects can be suppressed, and the bonding strength at the bonding interface can be improved.
- the applied pressure to 0.8 MPa or less the formation of the skin layer and the bulk layer of the thermoplastic resin in the vicinity of the bonding interface can be suppressed, and the progress of fracture from the layers between the skin layer and the bulk layer can be suppressed. can do.
- the applied pressure to the interface to be joined can be measured, for example, by arranging a heat-resistant pressure-sensitive sheet on the bonded portion.
- the joint portion obtained by the metal thermoplastic resin direct bonding method of the present invention has sufficiently high strength, but by adding a pressurizing step, the variation in quality can be reduced.
- the pressurization for example, the softened thermoplastic resin material spreads beyond the range of the heat-affected zone of the metal material, so that the bonding interface between the metal material and the thermoplastic resin material can be expanded.
- a heat-resistant glass plate or the like is brought into contact with the surface of either one or both of the materials to be bonded and the entire surface is restrained, so that the interface to be bonded is more easily applied. Can be pressed.
- the third step (S03) is carried out in a state where the interface to be joined of the metal material and the thermoplastic resin material is in close contact, and after the third step (S03), the temperature of the bonding interface is the melting point of the thermoplastic resin material. It is preferable to maintain the close contact state until it becomes 80% or less of (° C.). In order to bring the interface to be bonded into close contact during the bonding process, it is preferable to restrain the positions of the metal material and the thermoplastic resin material using an appropriate jig in the third step (S03), but the temperature of the bonding interface is high.
- the state of the bonding interface is unstable, and if the constraint is removed in this state, sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained.
- the constraint by maintaining the constraint until the temperature of the bonding interface becomes 80% or less of the melting point (° C.) of the thermoplastic resin material, a stable and high-strength bonding interface can be obtained.
- the process parameters related to laser irradiation such as laser output, scanning speed and focal length are appropriately selected according to the type and size of the material to be bonded, the area of the interface to be bonded, the mechanical properties required for the joint, and the like. do it.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a joint obtained by the metal thermoplastic resin direct joining method of the present invention.
- the metal thermoplastic resin bonding body 12 is a lap bonding member of the thermoplastic resin material 14 and the metal material 6, and the thermoplastic resin material 14 and the metal material 6 are directly bonded to each other.
- the thermoplastic resin material 14 and the metal material 6 are directly bonded to each other, and no adhesive, rivet, or the like is used in the joint portion 8.
- the metal thermoplastic resin bonded body 12 can be suitably manufactured by the above-mentioned method for joining the thermoplastic resin of the present invention.
- thermoplastic resin material 14 and the metal material 6 are firmly bonded to each other, and when the thermoplastic resin material 14 and the metal material 6 are forcibly peeled off, TEM observation and high-magnification SEM are performed. By observation, the thermoplastic resin material 14 elongated at the bonding interface can be observed. Further, when a shear tensile test is performed on the metal thermoplastic resin bonded body 12, the thermoplastic resin material 14 exhibits excellent tensile properties to the extent that it is stretched.
- thermoplastic resin material 14 and the metal material 6 are firmly bonded to each other, so that the thermoplastic resin material 14 is stretched or broken. Can be admitted.
- the tensile test is preferably performed based on ISO19095, which is an international standard for a resin-metal bonding property evaluation test method. In the tests according to the previous standards, the resin part weaker than the joint part broke first, making it difficult to quantify the joint characteristics. Since the resin portion can be prevented from being broken, the strength of the bonding interface can be measured.
- thermoplastic resin is a fluororesin ⁇
- Example 1 Using the metal fluororesin direct bonding method of the present invention, the fluororesin material and the stainless steel material were directly bonded.
- the fluororesin material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Nichias Corporation's Naflon TOMBO No. 9000 (plate thickness 1 mm) was cut into 25 mm ⁇ 50 mm to obtain one of the materials to be joined.
- the metal material was SUS304 stainless steel (plate thickness 0.5 mm), which was cut into 25 mm ⁇ 100 mm to form the other material to be joined.
- the region to be the interface to be joined of the stainless steel material was irradiated with laser in the atmosphere to form a surface modification region (first step).
- a YLP pulse laser manufactured by IPG was used as the laser, and the irradiation conditions of the laser were average output: 50 W (energy of 1 pulse: 1 mj), focus diameter: 59 ⁇ m, and scanning speed: 15000588.5 ⁇ m / s. Further, the pitch and offset of the laser irradiation were both set to 60 ⁇ m, and the surface modification region was formed over the entire interface to be bonded.
- FIG. 4 shows SEM photographs (low magnification and high magnification) of the surface modification region formed on the surface of the stainless steel material.
- JSM-7100F manufactured by JEOL Ltd. was used. It can be seen from the high-magnification SEM photograph that a cluster formed by continuously joining particles having a particle size of about 5 to 100 nm is formed in the surface-modified region. Further, when the SEM-EDS analysis was performed on the cluster using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (JED-2300 Analysis Station Plus) attached to the SEM, metal elements such as O and Fe were mainly detected.
- JED-2300 Analysis Station Plus energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- the point analysis results for the clusters are Fe: 28.0 at%, O: 26.2 at%, Cr: 21.9 at%, C: 17.2 at%, Ni: 4.8 at%, Mn: 1. It was .5 at% and Si: 0.4 at%. These results indicate that clusters formed by continuously joining fine metal oxide particles to the surface-modified region are formed.
- a PTFE plate was superposed on the surface modification region (second step), and a laser was irradiated from the stainless steel plate side to obtain a metal fluororesin bonded body (third step).
- a 4 kW semiconductor laser manufactured by Laserline was used, and a zoom homogenizer was used for the optical system to make a line laser of 3 mm ⁇ 40 mm, and the line laser was scanned at an output of 200 w and a scanning speed of 0.5 mm / s by 25 mm.
- a pressure of about 5 MPa was applied to the interface to be joined.
- the joint portion of the metal fluororesin joint has a joint length of 15 mm with respect to a plate width of 25 mm, and a joint region of 25 mm ⁇ 15 mm is formed.
- FIG. 6 shows an external photograph of the obtained metal fluororesin bonded body.
- FIG. 7 shows an external photograph of the metal fluororesin bonded body after the shear tensile test.
- the PTFE plate was elongated in all the metal fluororesin joints, and the load showed a high value of 500 N or more. It can be seen that the PTFE plate was broken in the shear tensile test, and the bonding strength exceeding the material strength was obtained.
- the stainless steel plate and the PTFE plate were forcibly peeled off, and the sample immediately before the complete separation was analyzed by STEM-EDS.
- the obtained STEM-EDS analysis results are shown in FIG.
- thermoplastic resin is other than fluororesin ⁇ Example 2 >> The metal material and the thermoplastic resin material were directly bonded by using the metal thermoplastic resin direct bonding method of the present invention.
- the metal material was a 2 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 100 mm stainless steel (SUS304) plate, and the thermoplastic resin material was a 2 mm ⁇ 30 mm ⁇ 100 mm polypropylene (PP) plate.
- SUS304 stainless steel
- PP polypropylene
- a surface modification region was formed in the region (25 mm ⁇ 15 mm) to be the interface to be joined of the stainless steel material in the same manner as in Example 1 (first step).
- a polypropylene plate was superposed on the surface modification region (second step), and a laser was irradiated from the stainless steel plate side to obtain a metal thermoplastic resin bonded body (third step).
- a 4 kW semiconductor laser manufactured by Laserline was used, and a zoom homogenizer was used for the optical system to obtain a 5 mm ⁇ 25 mm line laser.
- temperature feedback control with variable laser output was used so that the junction temperature was constant.
- the laser scanning speed was 1 mm / s, and the laser scanning distance was 15 mm.
- a quartz glass rod for pressurizing the laser irradiation part was installed on a stainless steel plate, and laser irradiation was performed in a state of being pressurized from the lower side of the polypropylene plate.
- the temperature of the bonding interface in the third step was measured. Specifically, a K-type thermocouple was attached to the center of the joint interface on the stainless steel material side, and the temperature measurement results were recorded using a KEYENCE data logger (NR600). The obtained results are shown in FIG. The laser irradiation set temperature and the measured junction temperature (maximum reached temperature) showed a good agreement, and it was confirmed that the laser irradiation set temperature can be regarded as the junction temperature.
- the shear tensile test resulted in fracture at the polypropylene or the joint interface, and sufficient elongation of polypropylene was not observed. It is considered that this is because when the resin is heated with a pressure of a certain level or higher applied to the bonding interface and the shape changes due to the expansion and contraction of the resin, the fracture progresses at the interface between the skin layer and the bulk layer of the resin.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the joint interface temperature after laser irradiation measured by a K-type thermocouple installed in the center of the joint interface on the stainless steel material side and the maximum test force in the shear tensile test.
- the bonding interface temperature immediately after laser irradiation is 272 ° C.
- the bonding interface temperature after 30 seconds has elapsed is 130 ° C.
- the bonding interface temperature after 60 seconds has elapsed is 78 ° C. From the results, it can be seen that a good joint can be obtained by releasing the restrained state after lowering the joint interface temperature.
- Example 3 Using the metal thermoplastic resin direct bonding method of the present invention, various metal materials and thermoplastic resin materials were directly bonded. Table 4 shows the types of materials to be joined and the joining conditions. In addition, a shear tensile test was performed on each of the obtained joints to evaluate the strength of the joint. A precision universal testing machine Autograph (AGX-50KNVD) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used for the shear tensile test. The measurement was completed when the resin material was stretched by 25 mm. The results obtained are shown in Table 4.
- the long carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 is TLP1040 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.
- PET is EMC-500 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.
- glass fiber reinforced PET is EMC-330 manufactured by Toyobo Industries, Ltd.
- impact-resistant nylon is Toray Industries, Inc. It is a nanoarray made of.
- Table 4 such as the size of the material to be joined, are the same as in Example 2.
- thermoplastic resin direct bonding method of the present invention Various metal materials and thermoplastic resin materials were directly bonded using the same bonding conditions as the metal thermoplastic resin direct bonding method of the present invention except that the surface modification region was not formed on the metal plate.
- Table 5 shows the types of materials to be joined and the joining conditions. The specific types of the thermoplastic resin material are the same as in the examples, and the conditions not shown in Table 5 such as the size of the material to be joined are also the same as in the examples.
- a shear tensile test was performed on each of the obtained joints to evaluate the strength of the joint. The results obtained are shown in Table 5.
- Metal fluororesin joint 4 ... Fluororesin material, 6 ... Metal material, 8 ... Joint. 12 ... Metal thermoplastic resin bonded body, 14 ... Thermoplastic resin material.
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Abstract
Description
金属材と熱可塑性樹脂材を直接接合する方法であって、
酸化性雰囲気下において前記金属材の表面にパルスレーザを照射し、表面改質領域を形成する第一工程と、
前記表面改質領域に前記熱可塑性樹脂材を当接させ、被接合界面を形成する第二工程と、
レーザ照射によって前記被接合界面を昇温して接合を達成する第三工程と、を有し、
前記第一工程において、前記表面改質領域に5~500nmの粒径を有する金属酸化物粒子が連続的に接合されてなる金属酸化物粒子クラスターを形成し、
前記金属酸化物粒子クラスターの表面の最大高さ(Sz)を50nm~3μmとすること、
を特徴とする金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法、を提供する。
(1)フッ素樹脂と金属の接合方法
図1は、本発明の金属フッ素樹脂直接接合方法の工程図である。本発明の金属フッ素樹脂直接接合方法は、金属材に表面改質領域を形成する第一工程(S01)と、被接合界面を形成する第二工程(S02)と、被接合界面を昇温して接合を達成する第三工程(S03)と、を有している。以下、各工程について詳述する。
第一工程(S01)は、強固な接合界面の形成に寄与する表面改質領域を得るための工程である。表面改質領域には、5~500nmの粒径を有する金属酸化物粒子が連続的に接合されてなる金属酸化物粒子クラスターであって、最大高さ(Sz)が50nm~3μmの金属酸化物粒子クラスターを形成する。
第二工程(S02)は、第一工程(S01)で表面改質領域を形成させた金属材とフッ素樹脂材とを当接させて、被接合界面を形成させるための工程である。
第三工程(S03)は、レーザ照射によって第二工程(S02)で形成させた被接合界面を昇温し、接合を達成する工程である。
図2は、本発明の金属フッ素樹脂直接接合方法で得られる継手の一例を示す概略断面図である。金属フッ素樹脂接合体2は、フッ素樹脂材4と金属材6との重ね接合部材であって、フッ素樹脂材4と金属材6とは直接接合されている。金属樹脂接合体2は、フッ素樹脂材4と金属材6とが直接接合されたものであり、接合部8に接着剤やリベット等は使用されていない。なお、金属樹脂接合体2は、上述の本発明のフッ素樹脂の接合方法によって好適に製造することができる。
(1)熱可塑性樹脂と金属の接合方法
熱可塑性樹脂がフッ素樹脂以外の場合であっても、図1に示す工程図に従うことで良好な接合部を得ることができる。以下、各工程について詳述する。
第一工程(S01)は、強固な接合界面の形成に寄与する表面改質領域を得るための工程である。表面改質領域には、5~500nmの粒径を有する金属酸化物粒子が連続的に接合されてなる金属酸化物粒子クラスターであって、最大高さ(Sz)が50nm~3μmの金属酸化物粒子クラスターを形成する。
第二工程(S02)は、第一工程(S01)で表面改質領域を形成させた金属材と熱可塑性樹脂材とを当接させて、被接合界面を形成させるための工程である。
第三工程(S03)は、レーザ照射によって第二工程(S02)で形成させた被接合界面を昇温し、接合を達成する工程である。
図3は、本発明の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法で得られる継手の一例を示す概略断面図である。金属熱可塑性樹脂接合体12は、熱可塑性樹脂材14と金属材6との重ね接合部材であって、熱可塑性樹脂材14と金属材6とは直接接合されている。金属熱可塑性樹脂接合体12は、熱可塑性樹脂材14と金属材6とが直接接合されたものであり、接合部8に接着剤やリベット等は使用されていない。なお、金属熱可塑性樹脂接合体12は、上述の本発明の熱可塑性樹脂の接合方法によって好適に製造することができる。
≪実施例1≫
本発明の金属フッ素樹脂直接接合方法を用いて、フッ素樹脂材とステンレス鋼材との直接接合を行った。フッ素樹脂材はポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)とし、ニチアス株式会社製のナフロンTOMBO No.9000(板厚1mm)を25mm×50mmに切断して一方の被接合材とした。また、金属材はSUS304ステンレス鋼(板厚0.5mm)とし、25mm×100mmに切断して他方の被接合材とした。
≪実施例2≫
本発明の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法を用いて、金属材と熱可塑性樹脂材との直接接合を行った。金属材は2mm×25mm×100mmのステンレス鋼(SUS304)板とし、熱可塑性樹脂材は2mm×30mm×100mmのポリプロピレン(PP)板とした。
第三工程における接合部への印加圧力を0.29MPaとし、レーザ照射設定温度を230℃、280℃及び350℃として接合体を得た。ここで、被接合材は位置が変化しないように治具で拘束し、接合部の温度が室温程度なった後に治具を取り外した。得られた各接合体について、せん断引張試験を施して接合部の強度を評価した。せん断引張試験には島津製作所製の精密万能試験機オートグラフ(AGX-50KNVD)を用いた。得られた結果を図9に示す。
第三工程におけるレーザ照射設定温度を280℃とし、接合部への印加圧力を0.29MPa、0.80MPa、1.25MPa及び1.74MPaとして接合体を得た。接合部への印加圧力は、被接合界面部にニッタ製の耐熱感圧シートを設置して測定した。ここで、被接合材は位置が変化しないように治具で拘束し、接合部の温度が室温程度なった後に治具を取り外した。得られた各接合体の接合強度はせん断引張試験によって評価した。せん断引張試験には島津製作所製の精密万能試験機オートグラフ(AGX-50KNVD)を用いた。なお、ポリプロピレンが25mm伸長した時点で測定を終了した。得られた結果を表2及び図11に示す。
レーザ照射設定温度を280℃、接合部への印加圧力を0.29MPaとして接合体を得た。ここで、被接合材は位置が変化しないように治具で拘束し、第三工程終了後、0~60秒後に治具を取り外した。得られた各接合体の接合強度はせん断引張試験によって評価した。せん断引張試験には島津製作所製の精密万能試験機オートグラフ(AGX-50KNVD)を用いた。なお、ポリプロピレンが25mm伸長した時点で測定を終了した。得られた結果を表3に示す。
本発明の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法を用いて、種々の金属材と熱可塑性樹脂材との直接接合を行った。被接合材の種類及び接合条件を表4に示す。また、得られた各接合体についてせん断引張試験を行い、接合部の強度を評価した。せん断引張試験には島津製作所製の精密万能試験機オートグラフ(AGX-50KNVD)を用いた。樹脂材が25mm伸長した時点で測定を終了した。得られた結果を表4に示す。
金属板に表面改質領域を形成させないこと以外は、本発明の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法と同様の接合条件を用いて、種々の金属材と熱可塑性樹脂材との直接接合を行った。被接合材の種類及び接合条件を表5に示す。具体的な熱可塑性樹脂材の種類は実施例と同様であり、被接合材のサイズ等の表5に示されていない条件も実施例と同様である。また、得られた各接合体についてせん断引張試験を行い、接合部の強度を評価した。得られた結果を表5に示す。
4・・・フッ素樹脂材、
6・・・金属材、
8・・・接合部。
12・・・金属熱可塑性樹脂接合体、
14・・・熱可塑性樹脂材。
Claims (14)
- 金属材と熱可塑性樹脂材を直接接合する方法であって、
酸化性雰囲気下において前記金属材の表面にパルスレーザを照射し、表面改質領域を形成する第一工程と、
前記表面改質領域に前記熱可塑性樹脂材を当接させ、被接合界面を形成する第二工程と、
レーザ照射によって前記被接合界面を昇温して接合を達成する第三工程と、を有し、
前記第一工程において、前記表面改質領域に5~500nmの粒径を有する金属酸化物粒子が連続的に接合されてなる金属酸化物粒子クラスターを形成し、
前記金属酸化物粒子クラスターの表面の最大高さ(Sz)を50nm~3μmとすること、
を特徴とする金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記金属酸化物粒子の粒径を50~200nmとすること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記表面改質領域を前記被接合界面の20%以上の面積とすること、
を特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記パルスレーザの1パルスの照射エネルギーを0.2~1.0mjとすること、
を特徴とする請求項1~3のうちのいずれかに記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記第三工程において、前記熱可塑性樹脂材が透明な場合は前記熱可塑性樹脂側から前記パルスレーザを照射し、前記熱可塑性樹脂材が不透明な場合は前記金属材側から前記パルスレーザを照射すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~4のうちのいずれかに記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記金属材を鋼材、アルミニウム材、アルミニウム合金材、チタン材、チタン合金材、ニッケル‐チタン合金材、銅材及び銅合金材のうちのいずれかとすること、
を特徴とする請求項1~5のうちのいずれかに記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記熱可塑性樹脂材がフッ素樹脂材であること、
を特徴とする請求項1~6のうちのいずれかに記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記第三工程において、前記金属酸化物粒子の触媒作用によって前記フッ素樹脂材のC-F結合を解離させ、当該解離によって生成する官能基と前記金属材に含まれる金属元素とを結合させること、
を特徴とする請求項7に記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記第三工程において、前記被接合界面に5MPa以上の圧力を印加すること、
を特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記熱可塑性樹脂材が汎用プラスチック、エンジニアリングプラスチック及びスーパーエンジニアリングプラスチックのうちのいずれかであること、
を特徴とする請求項1~6のうちのいずれかに記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記第三工程における前記被接合界面の温度(T)が、以下の関係式(1)を満たすこと、
を特徴とする請求項10に記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。
熱可塑性樹脂材の融点(℃)≦T≦熱可塑性樹脂材の熱分解温度 (1) - 前記第三工程において、前記被接合界面に0超0.8MPa以下の圧力を印加すること、
を特徴とする請求項10又は11に記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記金属材及び前記熱可塑性樹脂材の被接合界面を密着させた状態で前記第三工程を施し、
前記第三工程の後、接合界面の温度が前記熱可塑性樹脂材の融点(℃)の80%以下になるまで前記密着させた状態を維持すること、
を特徴とする請求項10~12のうちのいずれかに記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。 - 前記第三工程において、前記金属酸化物粒子の触媒作用によって前記熱可塑性樹脂材のC-H結合、C-C結合、C=C結合およびC-N結合の少なくともいずれか一つの結合を解離させること、
を特徴とする請求項10~13のうちのいずれかに記載の金属熱可塑性樹脂直接接合方法。
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| WO2024101360A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-16 | ポリプラスチックス株式会社 | 金属樹脂複合成形品、金属部材の加工方法、金属樹脂複合成形品の製造方法 |
| JP7587902B1 (ja) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-11-21 | 睦月電機株式会社 | 金属部材、金属樹脂接合体、及び金属樹脂接合体の製造方法 |
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| EP4151356A1 (en) | 2023-03-22 |
| EP4151356B1 (en) | 2025-09-10 |
| US20230173763A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 |
| JPWO2021230025A1 (ja) | 2021-11-18 |
| EP4151356A4 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
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