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WO2021224570A1 - Device and method for measuring a spring - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring a spring Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021224570A1
WO2021224570A1 PCT/FR2021/050752 FR2021050752W WO2021224570A1 WO 2021224570 A1 WO2021224570 A1 WO 2021224570A1 FR 2021050752 W FR2021050752 W FR 2021050752W WO 2021224570 A1 WO2021224570 A1 WO 2021224570A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spring
fixing member
relative
axis
fixing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FR2021/050752
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Julien PACAUD
Grégoire DE LAITRE
Armel VACHON
Gilles DIAZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Landing Systems SAS
Original Assignee
Safran Landing Systems SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safran Landing Systems SAS filed Critical Safran Landing Systems SAS
Publication of WO2021224570A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021224570A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
    • G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0288—Springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0288—Springs
    • G01N2203/0292—Coil spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0605—Mechanical indicating, recording or sensing means

Definitions

  • TITLE Device and method for measuring a spring Technical field of the invention
  • the invention relates to a device for characterizing a coil spring and a corresponding method.
  • Such a characterization of the spring in maintenance makes it possible, for example, to verify the state of corrosion of a spring and the influence of any corrosion on the intrinsic characteristics of the spring.
  • the springs are visually inspected by a maintenance operator and, if there is any doubt as to the condition of the spring given the apparent corrosion and the appearance of jacks, this spring is replaced.
  • the stiffness of the spring is not controlled.
  • the invention aims to provide a device for accurately characterizing a spring, for example during a maintenance operation, as well as a method for characterizing said spring.
  • the invention relates to a device for characterizing a spring, for example a helical spring, extending along an axis, comprising a first fixing member intended to be fixed to a first zone of said spring, a second member fixing intended to be fixed to a second zone of said spring, means for putting under stress on said spring capable of moving in translation along said axis the first fixing member relative to the second fixing member, between a rest position and at least a position for putting the spring under stress, means for measuring the force applied by the spring along said axis between the first and second fixing members, in the position for putting under stress, and means for measuring the displacement, according to said axis, of the second fixing member relative to the first fixing member.
  • a device for characterizing a spring for example a helical spring, extending along an axis, comprising a first fixing member intended to be fixed to a first zone of said spring, a second member fixing intended to be fixed to a second zone of said spring, means for putting under stress on said spring capable of moving
  • Such a device makes it possible to effectively characterize a helical compression or traction spring, from the displacement and force measurements carried out using said device. during the stressing of said spring.
  • such a device makes it possible to determine the stiffness constant K of the spring from the measurements of the elongation or contraction of the spring between its rest and stress positions.
  • the stressing means may comprise a screw secured in translation along the axis relative to the first fixing member, or respectively relative to the second fixing member, and a nut cooperating with said screw and secured in translation along the axis relative to the second fixing member, or respectively relative to the first fixing member, the screw being able to pivot relative to the nut so as to allow the translational movement of the first fixing member relative to the second locking member. fixation.
  • the stressing of the spring corresponds to a separation of the fixing members, causing a separation of the turns of the spring.
  • the stressing of the spring also makes it possible to carry out a visual inspection of the coils of the spring in order to verify in particular whether or not cracks are visible during such stressing.
  • At least one fastener has a radially inner surface of a shape complementary to the shape of at least one turn of said spring.
  • the two fasteners can have such a characteristic.
  • At least one fixing member may comprise two opposing jaws or flanges fixed in a removable manner to one another and able to be mounted on either side of the corresponding zone of the spring so as to grip it.
  • the two fasteners can have such a characteristic.
  • Each fastener may include a ring intended to be mounted on the corresponding end of the spring and intended to be held fixedly between the jaws or the flanges of the fasteners.
  • Each ring may have an internal surface of complementary shape to the shape of at least one turn of said spring.
  • Each ring may have an outer flange mounted in a groove or a groove portion formed by one and / or the other of the jaws or flanges.
  • the means for measuring the force applied by the spring may include a load cell.
  • a load cell is a transducer that converts a force into a measurable electrical output.
  • the load cell is for example based on a strain gauge.
  • the displacement measurement means may include a rule.
  • the rule can be fixed relative to the first fixing member, or respectively relative to the second fixing member. In this way, it is possible to measure the position of the second fixing member, or respectively of the first fixing member, relative to the rule, during the relative translational movement of the two fixing members.
  • the second fixing member, or respectively the first fixing member may include a mark able to be moved opposite the rule, so as to facilitate the measurement.
  • the invention also relates to a method of characterizing a spring, for example a helical spring, using a device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: fixing the first and second members of fixing respectively on the first and second zones of the spring, forcing the spring by relative displacement of the second fixing member with respect to the first fixing member, measuring the relative displacement of the second zone of the spring with respect to the first zone of the spring as well that the force associated with said displacement, generated by the spring, using the corresponding measuring means.
  • the first and second zones of the spring are for example the axial ends of the spring.
  • the spring can be biased in tension, by spacing the first and second fasteners.
  • the spring can be a spring of a landing gear of an aircraft, for example of an airplane.
  • the spring may be a locking spring of a strut, in particular of the main strut, of the landing gear.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device for characterizing a spring according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an axial sectional view of the device
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the mounting of a ring of the second fixing member on the corresponding end of the spring
  • FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the assembly of the assembly illustrated in Figure 3 on the rest of the device
  • FIG. 5 is a view illustrating the mounting of the ring between the jaws of the second fixing member
  • FIG. 6 is a top view illustrating a zone for reading a displacement value using the rule. Detailed description of the invention
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a device 1 for characterizing a coil spring 2 for compression or traction according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Spring 2 extends along an X axis.
  • the device comprises a first fixing member 3, fixed and intended to be fixed to a first axial end 2a of said spring 2, and a second fixing member 4, movable and intended to be fixed to a second axial end 2b of said spring 2.
  • the first fixing member 3 comprises a ring 5 intended to be mounted on the first end 2a of the spring 2 and comprising an internal surface 5a of complementary shape to the shape of one or more turns of the spring 2 at said first end 2a.
  • the ring has a radially outer flange 5b.
  • the second fixing member 3 further comprises two jaws 6, 7, the ring 5 being mounted and clamped between the jaws 6, 7.
  • the jaw 6 is fixed in a removable or movable manner relative to the jaw 7, for example by means of a screw 8.
  • the jaws 6, 7 form part of a groove 9 in which the collar 5b is mounted. the ring 5.
  • the jaw 7 is integral in translation with one end 10a of a screw or threaded rod 10, along the Y axis of the screw 10.
  • the X axis is intended to be parallel to the X axis.
  • Said end 10a of the screw 10 can pivot, around the Y axis, relative to the jaw 7.
  • the screw 10 can be driven in rotation at the level of a head 10b, here hexagonal, located at the end opposite to end 10a.
  • a rule 11 extends along the X axis from the jaw 7, one end 11a of said rule 11 being fixed to the jaw 7, here by means of a screw 12.
  • the rule 11 comprises a graduation 13 and an opening oblong 14 extending along the X axis.
  • the second fixing member 4 comprises a ring 15 intended to be mounted on the second end 2b of the spring 2 and comprising an interface surface 15a of complementary shape to the shape of one or more turns of the spring 2 at said second end 2b.
  • the ring 15 has a radially outer flange 15b.
  • the second fixing member 4 further comprises two flanges 16, 17, the ring 15 being mounted between the flanges 16, 17.
  • the flange 17 is removably fixed on the flange 16, here by means of screws 18.
  • the two flanges 16, 17 define between them a groove 19 in which the collar 15b of the ring 15.
  • the flange 16 is connected to a member 20 forming a nut, by means of force measuring means comprising here a cell load 21, in particular a strain gauge.
  • the force measurement means also include a device 22 capable of receiving the signal from the load cell 21 and capable of displaying the force value.
  • the member 20 comprises an internal thread 20a cooperating with the screw 10 serving to put the spring 2 under stress.
  • the member 20 further comprises a retaining stud, here a screw 23, comprising a rod passing through the oblong opening 14 of the rule 11 and a head 23a capable of resting on the rule 11, in particular on the edges of the 'oblong opening 14, so as to maintain said rule 11 and limit its bending.
  • a retaining stud here a screw 23 comprising a rod passing through the oblong opening 14 of the rule 11 and a head 23a capable of resting on the rule 11, in particular on the edges of the 'oblong opening 14, so as to maintain said rule 11 and limit its bending.
  • the member 20 also has a mark, here an arrow or a triangle 24, located opposite the graduation 13 of the rule 11.
  • Reference 24 can also be formed by retaining stud 23.
  • Such a device 1 can be implemented as follows during a method for characterizing the spring 2.
  • the ring 5 is mounted on the end 2a of the spring 2, said ring 5 then being engaged between the jaws 6, 7, which are spaced apart from each other, as illustrated in Figure 4. Also in this position, the second fixing member 4 is spaced from the first fixing member 3.
  • the jaws 6, 7 are then brought together, using the screw 8, so as to hold the ring 5 firmly between the jaws 6, 7.
  • the ring 15 is mounted on the end 2b of the spring 2 and the flange 17 is removed.
  • the ring 15 is inserted into the flange 16 and the flanges 16, 17 are fixed to each other with the screws 18, so as to hold the ring 15 between them.
  • the distance between the fasteners 3, 4 is adjusted by rotation of the screw 10 about its axis Y. Indeed, the rotation of the screw 10 makes it possible to bring the second fastener 4 closer or further away. relative to the first fixing member 3, along the Y axis.
  • the spring 2 is then constrained in traction by moving the second fixing member 4 away from the first fixing member 3, by actuation of the screw 10.
  • the relative displacement of the second end 2b of the spring 2 with respect to the first end 2a of the spring 2 is measured using the graduation 13, as is the force associated with said displacement , generated by the spring 2, using the corresponding measuring means 21, 22.
  • a visual inspection of the coils of the spring 2 can be carried out, so as to detect any cracks.
  • the spring 2 can be a spring of a landing gear of an aircraft, for example of an airplane.
  • the spring 2 can be a locking spring of a strut, in particular of the main strut, of the landing gear.
  • Such a device 1 and such a method make it possible to effectively characterize a helical compression or traction spring, from the displacement and force measurements carried out using said device 1 when the said spring 2 is put under stress.
  • such a device 1 and such a method make it possible to determine the stiffness constant K of the spring 2 from measurements of the elongation or contraction of the spring 2 between its rest and stress positions.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for characterising a spring, for example a helical spring, extending along an axis (X), comprising a first attachment member (3) intended to be attached to a first zone of said spring, a second attachment member (4) intended to be attached to a second zone of said spring, means (10, 20) for stressing said spring, capable of translating the first attachment member (3) along said axis (X, Y) with respect to the second attachment member (4), between an inoperative position and at least one position in which the spring is stressed, means (21, 22) for measuring the force applied by the spring along said axis (YX) between the first and second attachment members (3, 4) in the stressed position, and means (11, 13, 24) for measuring the movement along said axis (X, Y) of the second attachment member (4) with respect to the first attachment member (3).

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION

TITRE : Dispositif et procédé de mesure d’un ressort Domaine technique de l’invention TITLE: Device and method for measuring a spring Technical field of the invention

L’invention concerne un dispositif de caractérisation d’un ressort hélicoïdal ainsi qu’un procédé correspondant. The invention relates to a device for characterizing a coil spring and a corresponding method.

Etat de la technique antérieure State of the prior art

Lors d’opérations de maintenance, il peut être utile de vérifier l’état d’un ressort, c’est-à-dire vérifier si ce ressort rempli ou non les spécifications souhaitées et, si le ressort est défaillant, procéder à son remplacement éventuel. During maintenance operations, it may be useful to check the condition of a spring, i.e. check whether or not this spring meets the desired specifications and, if the spring is faulty, replace it. possible.

Une telle caractérisation du ressort en maintenance permet par exemple de vérifier l’état de corrosion d’un ressort et l’influence d’une éventuelle corrosion sur les caractéristiques intrinsèques du ressort. Such a characterization of the spring in maintenance makes it possible, for example, to verify the state of corrosion of a spring and the influence of any corrosion on the intrinsic characteristics of the spring.

A l’heure actuelle, les ressorts sont inspectés visuellement par un opérateur de maintenance et, en cas de doute sur l’état du ressort compte tenu de la corrosion apparente et l’apparition de crics ce ressort est remplacé. La raideur du ressort n’est pas contrôlée. At present, the springs are visually inspected by a maintenance operator and, if there is any doubt as to the condition of the spring given the apparent corrosion and the appearance of jacks, this spring is replaced. The stiffness of the spring is not controlled.

L’invention vise à proposer un dispositif permettant de caractériser avec précision un ressort, par exemple lors d’une opération de maintenance, ainsi qu’un procédé de caractérisation dudit ressort. The invention aims to provide a device for accurately characterizing a spring, for example during a maintenance operation, as well as a method for characterizing said spring.

Résumé de l’invention Summary of the invention

A cet effet, l’invention concerne un dispositif de caractérisation d’un ressort, par exemple un ressort hélicoïdal, s’étendant selon un axe, comportant un premier organe de fixation destiné à être fixé à une première zone dudit ressort, un second organe de fixation destiné à être fixé à une seconde zone dudit ressort, des moyens de mise sous contrainte dudit ressort aptes à déplacer en translation selon ledit axe le premier organe de fixation par rapport au second organe de fixation, entre une position de repos et au moins une position de mise sous contrainte du ressort, des moyens de mesure de l’effort appliqué par le ressort selon ledit axe entre les premier et second organes de fixation, en position de mise sous contrainte, et des moyens de mesure du déplacement, selon ledit axe, du second organe de fixation par rapport au premier organe de fixation. To this end, the invention relates to a device for characterizing a spring, for example a helical spring, extending along an axis, comprising a first fixing member intended to be fixed to a first zone of said spring, a second member fixing intended to be fixed to a second zone of said spring, means for putting under stress on said spring capable of moving in translation along said axis the first fixing member relative to the second fixing member, between a rest position and at least a position for putting the spring under stress, means for measuring the force applied by the spring along said axis between the first and second fixing members, in the position for putting under stress, and means for measuring the displacement, according to said axis, of the second fixing member relative to the first fixing member.

Un tel dispositif permet de caractériser efficacement un ressort hélicoïdal de compression ou de traction, à partir des mesures de déplacement et d’effort réalisées à l’aide dudit dispositif lors de la mise sous contrainte dudit ressort. En particulier, un tel dispositif permet de déterminer la constante de raideur K du ressort à partir des mesures de l’élongation ou de la contraction du ressort entre ses positions de repos et de mise sous contrainte. Such a device makes it possible to effectively characterize a helical compression or traction spring, from the displacement and force measurements carried out using said device. during the stressing of said spring. In particular, such a device makes it possible to determine the stiffness constant K of the spring from the measurements of the elongation or contraction of the spring between its rest and stress positions.

Les termes axial, radial et circonférentiel sont définis par rapport à l’axe précité. The terms axial, radial and circumferential are defined with respect to the aforementioned axis.

Les moyens de mise sous contrainte peuvent comporter une vis solidaire en translation suivant l’axe par rapport au premier organe de fixation, ou respectivement par rapport au second organe de fixation, et un écrou coopérant avec ladite vis et solidaire en translation suivant l’axe par rapport au second organe de fixation, ou respectivement par rapport au premier organe de fixation, la vis étant apte à pivoter relativement par rapport à l’écrou de façon à permettre le déplacement en translation du premier organe de fixation par rapport au second organe de fixation. The stressing means may comprise a screw secured in translation along the axis relative to the first fixing member, or respectively relative to the second fixing member, and a nut cooperating with said screw and secured in translation along the axis relative to the second fixing member, or respectively relative to the first fixing member, the screw being able to pivot relative to the nut so as to allow the translational movement of the first fixing member relative to the second locking member. fixation.

Lorsque le ressort est un ressort de traction, la mise sous contrainte du ressort correspond à un écartement des organes de fixation, provoquant un écartement des spires du ressort. Dans un tel cas, la mise sous contrainte du ressort permet également de réaliser une inspection visuelle des spires du ressort afin de vérifier notamment si des fissures sont ou non visibles lors d’une telle mise sous contrainte. When the spring is a tension spring, the stressing of the spring corresponds to a separation of the fixing members, causing a separation of the turns of the spring. In such a case, the stressing of the spring also makes it possible to carry out a visual inspection of the coils of the spring in order to verify in particular whether or not cracks are visible during such stressing.

Au moins un organe de fixation comporte une surface radialement interne de forme complémentaire à la forme d’au moins une spire dudit ressort. At least one fastener has a radially inner surface of a shape complementary to the shape of at least one turn of said spring.

Les deux organes de fixation peuvent présenter une telle caractéristique. The two fasteners can have such a characteristic.

Au moins un organe de fixation peut comporter deux mâchoires ou brides opposées fixées de manière démontable l’une à l’autre et aptes à être montées de part et d’autre de la zone correspondante du ressort de façon à l’enserrer. At least one fixing member may comprise two opposing jaws or flanges fixed in a removable manner to one another and able to be mounted on either side of the corresponding zone of the spring so as to grip it.

Les deux organes de fixation peuvent présenter une telle caractéristique. The two fasteners can have such a characteristic.

Chaque organe de fixation peut comporter une bague destinée à être montée sur l’extrémité correspondante du ressort et destinée à être maintenue fixement entre les mâchoires ou les brides des organes de fixation. Chaque bague peut comporter une surface interne de forme complémentaire à la forme d’au moins une spire dudit ressort. Each fastener may include a ring intended to be mounted on the corresponding end of the spring and intended to be held fixedly between the jaws or the flanges of the fasteners. Each ring may have an internal surface of complementary shape to the shape of at least one turn of said spring.

Chaque bague peut comporter une collerette externe montée dans une gorge ou une portion de gorge formée par l’une et/ou l’autre des mâchoires ou brides. Each ring may have an outer flange mounted in a groove or a groove portion formed by one and / or the other of the jaws or flanges.

Les moyens de mesure de l’effort appliqué par le ressort peuvent comporter une cellule de charge. The means for measuring the force applied by the spring may include a load cell.

Une cellule de charge est un transducteur qui convertit une force en une sortie électrique mesurable. La cellule de charge est par exemple basée sur une jauge de contrainte. A load cell is a transducer that converts a force into a measurable electrical output. The load cell is for example based on a strain gauge.

Les moyens de mesure du déplacement peuvent comporter un réglet. The displacement measurement means may include a rule.

Le réglet peut être fixe par rapport au premier organe de fixation, ou respectivement par rapport au second organe de fixation. De cette manière il est possible de mesurer la position du second organe de fixation, ou respectivement du premier organe de fixation, par rapport au réglet, lors du déplacement en translation relatif des deux organes de fixation. Le second organe de fixation, ou respectivement le premier organe de fixation, peut comporter un repère apte à être déplacé en regard du réglet, de manière à faciliter la mesure. The rule can be fixed relative to the first fixing member, or respectively relative to the second fixing member. In this way, it is possible to measure the position of the second fixing member, or respectively of the first fixing member, relative to the rule, during the relative translational movement of the two fixing members. The second fixing member, or respectively the first fixing member, may include a mark able to be moved opposite the rule, so as to facilitate the measurement.

L’invention concerne également un procédé de caractérisation d’un ressort, par exemple un ressort hélicoïdal, à l’aide d’un dispositif du type précité, caractérisé en ce qu’il comporte les étapes consistant à : fixer les premier et second organes de fixation respectivement sur les première et seconde zones du ressort, contraindre le ressort par déplacement relatif du second organe de fixation par rapport au premier organe de fixation, mesurer le déplacement relatif de la seconde zone du ressort par rapport à la première zone du ressort ainsi que l’effort associé audit déplacement, généré par le ressort, à l’aide des moyens de mesure correspondants. The invention also relates to a method of characterizing a spring, for example a helical spring, using a device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: fixing the first and second members of fixing respectively on the first and second zones of the spring, forcing the spring by relative displacement of the second fixing member with respect to the first fixing member, measuring the relative displacement of the second zone of the spring with respect to the first zone of the spring as well that the force associated with said displacement, generated by the spring, using the corresponding measuring means.

Les première et seconde zones du ressort sont par exemple les extrémités axiales du ressort. Le ressort peut être sollicité en traction, par écartement des premier et second organes de fixation. The first and second zones of the spring are for example the axial ends of the spring. The spring can be biased in tension, by spacing the first and second fasteners.

Le ressort peut être un ressort d’un train d’atterrissage d’un aéronef, par exemple d’un avion. En particulier, le ressort peut être un ressort de verrouillage d’une contre-fiche, en particulier de la contre-fiche principale, du train d’atterrissage. The spring can be a spring of a landing gear of an aircraft, for example of an airplane. In particular, the spring may be a locking spring of a strut, in particular of the main strut, of the landing gear.

Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures

[Fig. 1] est une vue en perspective d’un dispositif de caractérisation d’un ressort selon une forme de réalisation de l’invention, [Fig. 1] is a perspective view of a device for characterizing a spring according to an embodiment of the invention,

[Fig. 2] est une vue en coupe axiale du dispositif, [Fig. 2] is an axial sectional view of the device,

[Fig. 3] est une vue en perspective illustrant le montage d’une bague du second organe de fixation sur l’extrémité correspondante du ressort, [Fig. 3] is a perspective view illustrating the mounting of a ring of the second fixing member on the corresponding end of the spring,

[Fig. 4] est une vue illustrant le montage de l’ensemble illustré à la figure 3 sur le reste du dispositif, [Fig. 4] is a view illustrating the assembly of the assembly illustrated in Figure 3 on the rest of the device,

[Fig. 5] est une vue illustrant le montage de la bague entre les mâchoires du second organe de fixation, [Fig. 5] is a view illustrating the mounting of the ring between the jaws of the second fixing member,

[Fig. 6] est une vue de dessus illustrant une zone de lecture d’une valeur du déplacement à l’aide du réglet. Description détaillée de l’invention [Fig. 6] is a top view illustrating a zone for reading a displacement value using the rule. Detailed description of the invention

Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent un dispositif 1 de caractérisation d’un ressort hélicoïdal 2 de compression ou de traction selon une forme de réalisation de l’invention. Le ressort 2 s’étend selon un axe X. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a device 1 for characterizing a coil spring 2 for compression or traction according to one embodiment of the invention. Spring 2 extends along an X axis.

Le dispositif comporte un premier organe de fixation 3, fixe et destiné à être fixé à une première extrémité axiale 2a dudit ressort 2, et un second organe de fixation 4, mobile et destiné à être fixé à une seconde extrémité axiale 2b dudit ressort 2. The device comprises a first fixing member 3, fixed and intended to be fixed to a first axial end 2a of said spring 2, and a second fixing member 4, movable and intended to be fixed to a second axial end 2b of said spring 2.

Le premier organe de fixation 3 comporte une bague 5 destinée à être montée sur la première extrémité 2a du ressort 2 et comportant une surface interne 5a de forme complémentaire à la forme d’une ou plusieurs spires du ressort 2 au niveau de ladite première extrémité 2a. La bague comporte une collerette radialement externe 5b. The first fixing member 3 comprises a ring 5 intended to be mounted on the first end 2a of the spring 2 and comprising an internal surface 5a of complementary shape to the shape of one or more turns of the spring 2 at said first end 2a. . The ring has a radially outer flange 5b.

Le second organe de fixation 3 comporte en outre deux mâchoires 6, 7, la bague 5 étant montée et enserrée entre les mâchoires 6, 7. The second fixing member 3 further comprises two jaws 6, 7, the ring 5 being mounted and clamped between the jaws 6, 7.

La mâchoire 6 est fixée de manière amovible ou mobile par rapport à la mâchoire 7, par exemple par l’intermédiaire d’une vis 8. Les mâchoires 6, 7 forment une partie d’une gorge 9 dans laquelle est montée la collerette 5b de la bague 5. The jaw 6 is fixed in a removable or movable manner relative to the jaw 7, for example by means of a screw 8. The jaws 6, 7 form part of a groove 9 in which the collar 5b is mounted. the ring 5.

La mâchoire 7 est solidaire en translation d’une extrémité 10a d’une vis ou tige filetée 10, selon l’axe Y de la vis 10. L’axe X est destiné à être parallèle à l’axe X. The jaw 7 is integral in translation with one end 10a of a screw or threaded rod 10, along the Y axis of the screw 10. The X axis is intended to be parallel to the X axis.

Ladite extrémité 10a de la vis 10 peut pivoter, autour de l’axe Y, par rapport à la mâchoire 7. La vis 10 peut être entraîné en rotation au niveau d’une tête 10b, ici hexagonale, située à l’extrémité opposée à l’extrémité 10a. Said end 10a of the screw 10 can pivot, around the Y axis, relative to the jaw 7. The screw 10 can be driven in rotation at the level of a head 10b, here hexagonal, located at the end opposite to end 10a.

Un réglet 11 s’étend selon l’axe X depuis la mâchoire 7, une extrémité 11a dudit réglet 11 étant fixée à la mâchoire 7, ici par l’intermédiaire d’une vis 12. Le réglet 11 comporte une graduation 13 et une ouverture oblongue 14 s’étendant selon l’axe X. A rule 11 extends along the X axis from the jaw 7, one end 11a of said rule 11 being fixed to the jaw 7, here by means of a screw 12. The rule 11 comprises a graduation 13 and an opening oblong 14 extending along the X axis.

Le second organe de fixation 4 comporte une bague 15 destinée à être montée sur la seconde extrémité 2b du ressort 2 et comportant une surface interface 15a de forme complémentaire à la forme d’une ou plusieurs spires du ressort 2 au niveau de ladite seconde extrémité 2b. La bague 15 comporte une collerette radialement externe 15b. The second fixing member 4 comprises a ring 15 intended to be mounted on the second end 2b of the spring 2 and comprising an interface surface 15a of complementary shape to the shape of one or more turns of the spring 2 at said second end 2b. . The ring 15 has a radially outer flange 15b.

Le second organe de fixation 4 comporte en outre deux brides 16, 17, la bague 15 étant montée entre les brides 16, 17. La bride 17 est fixée de manière amovible sur la bride 16, ici par l’intermédiaire de vis 18. Les deux brides 16, 17 délimitent entre elles une gorge 19 dans laquelle est maintenue la collerette 15b de la bague 15. La bride 16 est reliée à un organe 20 formant écrou, par l’intermédiaire de moyens de mesure d’effort comportant ici une cellule de charge 21 , en particulier une jauge de contrainte. Les moyens de mesure d’effort comportent également un dispositif 22 apte à recevoir le signal issu de la cellule de charge 21 et apte à afficher la valeur d’effort. L’organe 20 comporte un taraudage 20a coopérant avec la vis 10 servant à la mise sous contrainte du ressort 2. The second fixing member 4 further comprises two flanges 16, 17, the ring 15 being mounted between the flanges 16, 17. The flange 17 is removably fixed on the flange 16, here by means of screws 18. The two flanges 16, 17 define between them a groove 19 in which the collar 15b of the ring 15. The flange 16 is connected to a member 20 forming a nut, by means of force measuring means comprising here a cell load 21, in particular a strain gauge. The force measurement means also include a device 22 capable of receiving the signal from the load cell 21 and capable of displaying the force value. The member 20 comprises an internal thread 20a cooperating with the screw 10 serving to put the spring 2 under stress.

L’organe 20 comporte en outre un plot de maintien, ici une vis 23, comportant une tige traversant l’ouverture oblongue 14 du réglet 11 et une tête 23a apte à venir en appui sur le réglet 11 , en particulier sur les bords de l’ouverture oblongue 14, de manière à maintenir ledit réglet 11 et limiter sa flexion. The member 20 further comprises a retaining stud, here a screw 23, comprising a rod passing through the oblong opening 14 of the rule 11 and a head 23a capable of resting on the rule 11, in particular on the edges of the 'oblong opening 14, so as to maintain said rule 11 and limit its bending.

L’organe 20 comporte également un repère, ici une flèche ou un triangle 24, situé en regard de la graduation 13 du réglet 11 . Le repère 24 peut également être formé par le plot de maintien 23. The member 20 also has a mark, here an arrow or a triangle 24, located opposite the graduation 13 of the rule 11. Reference 24 can also be formed by retaining stud 23.

Un tel dispositif 1 peut être mis en oeuvre de la manière suivante lors d’un procédé de caractérisation du ressort 2. Such a device 1 can be implemented as follows during a method for characterizing the spring 2.

Tout d’abord, comme illustré à la figure 3, la bague 5 est montée sur l’extrémité 2a du ressort 2, ladite bague 5 étant ensuite engagée entre les mâchoires 6, 7, qui sont écartées l’une de l’autre, comme illustré à la figure 4. Dans cette position également, le second organe de fixation 4 est écarté du premier organe de fixation 3. First, as illustrated in Figure 3, the ring 5 is mounted on the end 2a of the spring 2, said ring 5 then being engaged between the jaws 6, 7, which are spaced apart from each other, as illustrated in Figure 4. Also in this position, the second fixing member 4 is spaced from the first fixing member 3.

Les mâchoires 6, 7 sont ensuite rapprochées l’une de l’autre, à l’aide de la vis 8, de façon à maintenir la bague 5 fixement entre les mâchoires 6, 7. The jaws 6, 7 are then brought together, using the screw 8, so as to hold the ring 5 firmly between the jaws 6, 7.

Par ailleurs, la bague 15 est montée sur l’extrémité 2b du ressort 2 et la bride 17 est retirée. La bague 15 est insérée dans la bride 16 et les brides 16, 17 sont fixées l’une à l’autre à l’aide des vis 18, de manière à maintenir la bague 15 entre elles. Pour cela, la distance entre les organes de fixation 3, 4 est ajustée par rotation de la vis 10 autour de son axe Y. En effet, la rotation de la vis 10 permet de rapprocher ou d’éloigner le second organe de fixation 4 par rapport au premier organe de fixation 3, selon l’axe Y. Furthermore, the ring 15 is mounted on the end 2b of the spring 2 and the flange 17 is removed. The ring 15 is inserted into the flange 16 and the flanges 16, 17 are fixed to each other with the screws 18, so as to hold the ring 15 between them. For this, the distance between the fasteners 3, 4 is adjusted by rotation of the screw 10 about its axis Y. Indeed, the rotation of the screw 10 makes it possible to bring the second fastener 4 closer or further away. relative to the first fixing member 3, along the Y axis.

Le ressort 2 est ensuite contraint en traction par écartement du second organe de fixation 4 par rapport au premier organe de fixation 3, par actionnement de la vis 10. The spring 2 is then constrained in traction by moving the second fixing member 4 away from the first fixing member 3, by actuation of the screw 10.

Lors d’une telle mise sous contrainte, le déplacement relatif de la seconde extrémité 2b du ressort 2 par rapport à la première extrémité 2a du ressort 2 est mesuré à l’aide de la graduation 13, de même que l’effort associé audit déplacement, généré par le ressort 2, à l’aide des moyens de mesure correspondants 21 , 22. During such stressing, the relative displacement of the second end 2b of the spring 2 with respect to the first end 2a of the spring 2 is measured using the graduation 13, as is the force associated with said displacement , generated by the spring 2, using the corresponding measuring means 21, 22.

Lors d’une telle mise sous contrainte également, une inspection visuelle des spires du ressort 2 peut être effectuée, de manière à détecter d’éventuelles fissures. Also during such stressing, a visual inspection of the coils of the spring 2 can be carried out, so as to detect any cracks.

Le ressort 2 peut être un ressort d’un train d’atterrissage d’un aéronef, par exemple d’un avion. En particulier, le ressort 2 peut être un ressort de verrouillage d’une contre-fiche, en particulier de la contre-fiche principale, du train d’atterrissage. The spring 2 can be a spring of a landing gear of an aircraft, for example of an airplane. In particular, the spring 2 can be a locking spring of a strut, in particular of the main strut, of the landing gear.

Un tel dispositif 1 et un tel procédé permettent de caractériser efficacement un ressort hélicoïdal de compression ou de traction, à partir des mesures de déplacement et d’effort réalisées à l’aide dudit dispositif 1 lors de la mise sous contrainte dudit ressort 2. En particulier, un tel dispositif 1 et un tel procédé permettent de déterminer la constante de raideur K du ressort 2 à partir des mesures de l’élongation ou de la contraction du ressort 2 entre ses positions de repos et de mise sous contrainte. Such a device 1 and such a method make it possible to effectively characterize a helical compression or traction spring, from the displacement and force measurements carried out using said device 1 when the said spring 2 is put under stress. particular, such a device 1 and such a method make it possible to determine the stiffness constant K of the spring 2 from measurements of the elongation or contraction of the spring 2 between its rest and stress positions.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Dispositif (1) de caractérisation d’un ressort (2), par exemple un ressort (2) hélicoïdal, s’étendant selon un axe (X), comportant un premier organe de fixation (3) destiné à être fixé à une première zone (2a) dudit ressort (2), un second organe de fixation (4) destiné à être fixé à une seconde zone (2b) dudit ressort (2), des moyens (10, 20) de mise sous contrainte dudit ressort (2) aptes à déplacer en translation selon ledit axe (X, Y) le premier organe de fixation (3) par rapport au second organe de fixation (4), entre une position de repos et au moins une position de mise sous contrainte du ressort (2), des moyens (21 , 22) de mesure de l’effort appliqué par le ressort (2) selon ledit axe (, YX) entre les premier et second organes de fixation (3, 4) , en position de mise sous contrainte, et des moyens (11 , 13, 24) de mesure du déplacement, selon ledit axe (X, Y), du second organe de fixation (4) par rapport au premier organe de fixation (3), caractérisé en ce qu’au moins un organe de fixation (3, 4) comporte deux mâchoires ou brides (6, 7, 16, 17) opposées fixées de manière démontable l’une à l’autre et aptes à être montées de part et d’autre de la zone correspondante (2a, 2b) du ressort (2) de façon à l’enserrer. 1. Device (1) for characterizing a spring (2), for example a helical spring (2), extending along an axis (X), comprising a first fixing member (3) intended to be fixed to a first zone (2a) of said spring (2), a second fixing member (4) intended to be fixed to a second zone (2b) of said spring (2), means (10, 20) for putting said spring under stress ( 2) capable of moving in translation along said axis (X, Y) the first fixing member (3) relative to the second fixing member (4), between a rest position and at least one position for putting the spring under stress (2), means (21, 22) for measuring the force applied by the spring (2) along said axis (, YX) between the first and second fixing members (3, 4), in the setting position stress, and means (11, 13, 24) for measuring the displacement, along said axis (X, Y), of the second fixing member (4) relative to the first fixing member (3), characterized in that at least one org fixing handle (3, 4) comprises two opposing jaws or clamps (6, 7, 16, 17) fixed in a removable manner to one another and able to be mounted on either side of the corresponding zone ( 2a, 2b) of the spring (2) so as to grip it. 2. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les moyens (10, 20) de mise sous contrainte comportent une vis (10) solidaire en translation suivant l’axe (X, Y) par rapport au premier organe de fixation (3), ou respectivement par rapport au second organe de fixation (4), et un écrou (20) coopérant avec ladite vis (10) et solidaire en translation suivant l’axe (X, Y) par rapport au second organe de fixation (4), ou respectivement par rapport au premier organe de fixation (3), la vis (10) étant apte à pivoter relativement par rapport à l’écrou (20) de façon à permettre le déplacement en translation du premier organe de fixation (3) par rapport au second organe de fixation (4). 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (10, 20) for putting under stress comprise a screw (10) integral in translation along the axis (X, Y) relative to the first member of fixing (3), or respectively relative to the second fixing member (4), and a nut (20) cooperating with said screw (10) and integral in translation along the axis (X, Y) relative to the second member of fixing (4), or respectively relative to the first fixing member (3), the screw (10) being able to pivot relative to the nut (20) so as to allow the translational movement of the first fixing member (3) relative to the second fixing member (4). 3. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu’au moins un organe de fixation (3, 4) comporte une surface radialement interne (5a, 15a) de forme complémentaire à la forme d’au moins une spire dudit ressort (2). 3. Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one fixing member (3, 4) comprises a radially internal surface (5a, 15a) of shape complementary to the shape of at least one coil of said spring (2). 4. Dispositif (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de mesure (21 , 22) de l’effort appliqué par le ressort (2) comportent une cellule de charge (21). 4. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the measuring means (21, 22) of the force applied by the spring (2) comprise a load cell (21). 5. Dispositif (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de mesure (11, 13, 24) du déplacement comportent un réglet (11 ). 5. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the measuring means (11, 13, 24) of the displacement comprise a rule (11). 6. Dispositif (1) selon la revendications, caractérisé en ce que le réglet (11) est fixe par rapport au premier organe de fixation (3), ou respectivement par rapport au second organe de fixation (4). 6. Device (1) according to claims, characterized in that the rule (11) is fixed relative to the first fixing member (3), or respectively relative to the second fixing member (4). 7. Procédé de caractérisation d’un ressort (2), par exemple un ressort (2) hélicoïdal, à l’aide d’un dispositif (1) du type précité, caractérisé en ce qu’il comporte les étapes consistant à : 7. A method of characterizing a spring (2), for example a coil spring (2), using a device (1) of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises the steps of To : - fixer les premier et second organes de fixation (3, 4) respectivement sur les première et seconde zones (2a, 2b) du ressort (2), - fix the first and second fasteners (3, 4) respectively on the first and second zones (2a, 2b) of the spring (2), - contraindre le ressort (2) par déplacement relatif du second organe de fixation (4) par rapport au premier organe de fixation (3), - forcing the spring (2) by relative displacement of the second fixing member (4) relative to the first fixing member (3), - mesurer le déplacement relatif de la seconde zone (2b) du ressort (2) par rapport à la première zone (2a) du ressort (2) ainsi que l’effort associé audit déplacement, généré par le ressort (2), à l’aide des moyens de mesure (21 , 22) correspondants. - measure the relative displacement of the second zone (2b) of the spring (2) with respect to the first zone (2a) of the spring (2) as well as the force associated with said displacement, generated by the spring (2), at l 'using the corresponding measuring means (21, 22). 8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le ressort (2) est sollicité en traction, par écartement des premier et second organes de fixation (3, 4). 8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the spring (2) is biased in tension, by spacing of the first and second fixing members (3, 4). 9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le ressort (2) est un ressort d’un train d’atterrissage d’un aéronef, par exemple d’un avion. 9. The method of claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the spring (2) is a spring of a landing gear of an aircraft, for example of an airplane.
PCT/FR2021/050752 2020-05-05 2021-05-03 Device and method for measuring a spring Ceased WO2021224570A1 (en)

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FR2004468A FR3109995B1 (en) 2020-05-05 2020-05-05 Apparatus and method for measuring a spring

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US2639613A (en) * 1947-01-10 1953-05-26 Accurate Parts Mfg Company Spring and weight testing device
US3834228A (en) * 1973-06-08 1974-09-10 H Wachholz Coil spring testing device
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US4175431A (en) * 1978-04-24 1979-11-27 Detournay Henry R Heavy duty spring testing apparatus and method
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KR101371280B1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-03-07 대원강업 주식회사 Universal seat for durability tester of coiled spring
KR101382143B1 (en) * 2012-10-26 2014-04-07 한국해양과학기술원 Automated spring stiffness measuring device
CN205826294U (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-12-21 苏州切浦汽车零部件有限公司 Spring fatigue test machine

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2417196A (en) * 1943-11-10 1947-03-11 Parker Appliance Co Machine for testing helical compression springs
US2639613A (en) * 1947-01-10 1953-05-26 Accurate Parts Mfg Company Spring and weight testing device
US3834228A (en) * 1973-06-08 1974-09-10 H Wachholz Coil spring testing device
US4157033A (en) * 1977-09-12 1979-06-05 Link Engineering Company Spring tester
NL7800411A (en) * 1978-01-13 1979-07-17 Josep Anton Grotenhuis Spring constant measuring instrument - has membrane attached to piston in cylinder with manometer to measure pressure on spring and has deflection gauge
US4175431A (en) * 1978-04-24 1979-11-27 Detournay Henry R Heavy duty spring testing apparatus and method
US20100139359A1 (en) * 2008-12-07 2010-06-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Spring force component tester
US20130276545A1 (en) * 2012-04-19 2013-10-24 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Measurement apparatus for measuring elasticity coefficient of coil spring
KR101382143B1 (en) * 2012-10-26 2014-04-07 한국해양과학기술원 Automated spring stiffness measuring device
KR101371280B1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-03-07 대원강업 주식회사 Universal seat for durability tester of coiled spring
CN205826294U (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-12-21 苏州切浦汽车零部件有限公司 Spring fatigue test machine

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