WO2021200844A1 - 塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂 - Google Patents
塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021200844A1 WO2021200844A1 PCT/JP2021/013348 JP2021013348W WO2021200844A1 WO 2021200844 A1 WO2021200844 A1 WO 2021200844A1 JP 2021013348 W JP2021013348 W JP 2021013348W WO 2021200844 A1 WO2021200844 A1 WO 2021200844A1
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- vinyl chloride
- chlorinated vinyl
- chloride resin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F214/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F214/06—Vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/18—Introducing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups
- C08F8/20—Halogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F114/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F114/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F114/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F114/06—Vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/06—Vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/18—Introducing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups
- C08F8/20—Halogenation
- C08F8/22—Halogenation by reaction with free halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/34—Introducing sulfur atoms or sulfur-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/22—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/24—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment halogenated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
Definitions
- the present invention is a chlorinated vinyl chloride resin capable of producing a molded product that maintains high adhesive strength even when used in a form in which a high pressure is applied and is less likely to cause defects such as cracks due to insufficient strength.
- the present invention also relates to a molding resin composition and a molded product using the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin.
- Vinyl chloride resins are generally excellent in mechanical strength, weather resistance and chemical resistance. For this reason, vinyl chloride resins are processed into various molded products and are used in many fields.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a composition in which post-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and a specific stabilizer are used in combination, and such a resin can withstand thermal stress and mechanical stress during processing. It is disclosed.
- a molded product for example, a pipe, a joint, etc. obtained by using a chlorinated vinyl chloride resin as described in Patent Document 1 has insufficient adhesive strength especially when used in a form in which a high pressure is applied. , There is a problem that water leakage and water leakage occur. Further, when the obtained molded product is used for a pipe, the refusion strength at the spider portion is low, and when it is used for a joint, the refusion strength at the weld portion is low. Therefore, when it is used for a joint or the like. There is a problem that cracks occur in the pipe.
- the present invention can produce a molded product that maintains high adhesive strength even when used in a form in which a high pressure is applied and is less likely to cause defects such as cracks due to insufficient strength. It is an object of the present invention to provide a chlorinated vinyl chloride-based resin, and a molding resin composition and a molded product using the chlorinated vinyl chloride-based resin.
- the present invention is the ratio (A / B) of the peak intensity A observed in the range of 300 to 340 cm -1 to the peak intensity B observed in the range of 1450 to 1550 cm -1 in the imaging Raman measurement by Raman spectroscopy. It is a chlorinated vinyl chloride resin having an average value of 0.1 or more and 3.5 or less. The present invention will be described in detail below.
- the average value of A / B is such that a preferable lower limit is 0.2, a more preferable lower limit is 0.3, a further preferable lower limit is 0.5, a further preferable lower limit is 1.0, and a particularly preferable lower limit is 2.0, particularly.
- the preferred lower limit is 3.0.
- the average value of A / B is preferably less than 3.5, the more preferable upper limit is 3.0, the further preferable upper limit is 2.5, the further preferable upper limit is 2.0, and the particularly preferable upper limit is 2.0. It is 1.5.
- the average value of the ratio (A / B) of the peak intensity A to the peak intensity B can be calculated by measuring the Raman spectrum using a microscopic Raman spectroscopic analyzer.
- the method for preparing the sample is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to obtain a Raman spectrum of only the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin. Specifically, 150 parts by mass of an acrylic UV curable resin is added to 100 parts by mass of a chlorinated vinyl chloride resin, and ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of around 375 nm are irradiated at an intensity of 10 mW / cm 2 for 3 minutes to obtain an acrylic resin. After curing the UV curable resin, a sample is prepared by embedding it in an epoxy resin.
- the obtained sample is polished by mechanical polishing, and the obtained cross section is subjected to imaging Raman measurement using a micro-Raman spectrophotometer [burying method], or a chlorinated vinyl chloride resin is dissolved in THF. Then, after separating and filtering the insoluble part with a centrifuge, add an excess amount of methanol to reprecipitate, separate by suction filtration, and dry at 80 ° C. with a vacuum dryer. Examples thereof include a method of performing imaging Raman measurement using a Raman spectroscopic analyzer [THF precipitation method].
- the imaging Raman spectrum performs baseline correction by linear approximation, measured 1450 and peak intensity B observed in the range of ⁇ 1550 cm -1, and the peak intensity A observed in the range of 300 ⁇ 340 cm -1 Then, A / B is calculated, and it can be measured by calculating the average of the peak intensities of 10,000 points.
- the average value can be measured using, for example, inVia Quantor (manufactured by Renishaw). Further, it is preferable that the imaging Raman measurement is performed after heating.
- the heating temperature is preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- the heating time is preferably 5 minutes or more.
- a sample heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes using the above-mentioned implantation method or the THF precipitation method is preferable, and when measuring a molded product, unheated using the THF precipitation method is preferable. It is preferable to measure the sample of.
- chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention in the Raman measurement by Raman spectroscopy, 1450 - to the peak intensity B observed in the range of 1550 cm -1, 300 - of the peak intensity A observed in a range of 340 cm -1
- the standard deviation of the ratio (A / B) is preferably 0.10 to 10.0.
- Vinyl chloride resin (PVC) which is a raw material for chlorinated vinyl chloride resin, has a particle size distribution, and there are variations in void ratio, bulk relative density, etc., so the chlorinated state becomes non-uniform and the degree of chlorination is distributed. Will vary. In the present invention, it can be said that the chlorinated state is uniform when the standard deviation of the A / B is within the above range.
- the standard deviation of the ratio (A / B) of the peak intensity A to the peak intensity B can be calculated based on, for example, the peak intensity ratio obtained in the imaging Raman measurement.
- the standard deviation of A / B is such that the more preferable lower limit is 0.20, the further preferable lower limit is 0.30, the further preferable lower limit is 0.40, the particularly preferable lower limit is 0.50, and the particularly preferable lower limit is 0.6.
- a very preferred lower limit is 0.8, especially 1.0 or higher, especially 3.0 or higher, for example 5.0 or higher.
- the standard deviation of A / B is such that the more preferable upper limit is 9.0, the more preferable upper limit is 8.0, the more preferable upper limit is 7.0, the particularly preferable upper limit is 6.5, and the particularly preferable upper limit is 6. 0, a very preferred upper limit is 5.5, especially 5.0, especially 4.0, eg 3.0.
- the average value of the A / B and the standard deviation of the A / B satisfy the relationship of the following formula (1). 0.50 ⁇ [mean value of A / B] + [standard deviation of A / B] 1/2 ⁇ 5.0 (1) Within the above range, it is possible to manufacture a molded product that maintains high adhesive strength even when used in a form in which a high pressure is applied and is less likely to cause defects such as cracks due to insufficient strength. Can be provided.
- the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention preferably has the structural units (a) to (c) represented by the following formulas (a) to (c). Further, the ratio of the structural unit (a) is 5.0 mol% or more and the ratio of the structural unit (b) is 40.0 with respect to the total number of moles of the following structural units (a), (b) and (c). It is preferable that the molar% or less and the ratio of the constituent unit (c) are 55.0 mol% or less.
- a vinyl chloride adhesive is used, the swelling property of the solvent on the surface of the molded product is improved, and the adhesive strength can be improved. Further, since the melting start time when heat is applied is shortened, the re-fusion strength in the mold having the molten resin confluence portion at the time of molding can be improved.
- the ratio of the constituent unit (a) to the total number of moles of the constituent units (a), (b) and (c) is 30.0 mol% or more. Is more preferable, 35.0 mol% or more is further preferable, 90.0 mol% or less is preferable, and 60.0 mol% or less is more preferable. Further, the ratio of the structural unit (b) is preferably 5.0 mol% or more, preferably 15.0 mol% or more, with respect to the total number of moles of the structural units (a), (b) and (c). Is more preferable, 30.0 mol% or less is more preferable, and 25.0 mol% or less is further preferable.
- the ratio of the structural unit (c) is preferably 5.0 mol% or more, preferably 25.0 mol% or more, with respect to the total number of moles of the structural units (a), (b) and (c). It is more preferably 55.0 mol% or less, and further preferably 40.0 mol% or less.
- the molar ratios of the constituent units (a), (b) and (c) of the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention reflect the site where chlorine is introduced when the vinyl chloride resin (PVC) is chlorinated. It was done.
- the PVC before chlorination is in a state where the constituent unit (a) is 100 mol% and the constituent units (b) and (c) are 0 mol%, but the constituent unit (a) decreases with chlorination, and the constituent unit (a) decreases.
- the building blocks (b) and (c) increase.
- the chlorinated state becomes non-uniform. Becomes larger.
- a vinyl chloride adhesive is used, the swelling property of the solvent on the surface of the molded product is improved, and the adhesive strength can be improved. Further, since the melting start time when heat is applied is shortened, the re-fusion strength in the mold having the molten resin confluence portion at the time of molding can be improved.
- the molar ratios of the structural units (a), (b) and (c) of the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention can be measured by molecular structure analysis using NMR. NMR analysis is performed by R. A. Komoroski, R.M. G. Parker, J.M. P. It can be carried out according to the method described in Shocker, Macromolecules, 1985, 18, 1257-1265.
- the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention may contain other structural units other than the above-mentioned structural units (a), (b) and (c) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the content of the other structural units is preferably 0% by mass or more, and preferably less than 10% by mass in the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin.
- Examples of the other structural unit include a structural unit having a substituent containing sulfur. Among them, it is preferable to include a structural unit having a substituent containing sulfur.
- the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention when the sulfur content in the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin shown below is 0% by mass or more, sulfur is present in the resin, and the above sulfur is bonded to the resin. Therefore, it can be seen that the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention has a substituent containing sulfur.
- Examples of the sulfur-containing substituent include a substituent derived from a sulfur compound. Examples of the sulfur compound include compounds described later.
- At least one thioglycolic acid-based compound selected from the group consisting of thioglycolic acid and thioglycolic acid esters is preferable.
- the structural unit having a substituent containing sulfur include the structural unit (d) represented by the following formula (d).
- R in the structural unit (d) a group to which at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an ester group, an alkyl group and a thiol group is bonded is preferable, and it is composed of an alkylene group, an ester group and an alkyl group. More preferably, it is a group to which at least one selected from the group is bound.
- the sulfur content in the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention is preferably 1 mass ppm or more and 1000 mass ppm or less. More preferably, it is 5 mass ppm or more and 500 mass ppm or less. More preferably, it is 10 mass ppm or more and 200 mass ppm or less.
- the sulfur content in the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin can be detected by quantitative analysis using IC (ion chromatography). Specifically, a chlorinated vinyl chloride resin is dissolved in THF, the insoluble part is separated and filtered by a centrifuge, an excess amount of methanol is added and reprecipitated, and the mixture is separated by suction filtration and used in a vacuum dryer. The sample obtained by drying at 80 ° C.
- the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention preferably has an added chlorinated amount of 1.0% by mass or more, and preferably 16.0% by mass or less.
- the amount of added chlorination is more preferably 3.2% by mass or more, further preferably 6.2% by mass or more, more preferably 15.2% by mass or less, and 12.2% by mass. It is more preferably% or less.
- the chlorine content of the vinyl chloride resin is usually 56.8% by mass, but the added chlorine content means the introduction ratio of chlorine to the vinyl chloride resin, and is described in JIS K 7229. It can be measured by the method.
- the added chlorinated amount and the average value of A / B satisfy the following relationship. 0.1 ⁇ [Additional chlorination amount (% by mass)] / [Average value of A / B] ⁇ 160 (2)
- the uniformity of the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin is increased, high adhesive strength is maintained even when used in a form in which a high pressure is applied, and defects such as cracks due to insufficient strength are unlikely to occur. It is possible to obtain a molded product capable of producing a molded product.
- the more preferable lower limit of the above formula (2) is 1.0, the further preferable lower limit is 2.0, the further preferable lower limit is 2.5, the more preferable upper limit is 100, and the further preferable upper limit is 80.
- An even more preferred upper limit is 65.
- the added chlorinated amount and the average value of A / B satisfy the relationship of the following formula (3). 2 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ [Average value of A / B] / ([Additional chlorination amount] ⁇ [Ratio of constituent unit b (%)]) ⁇ 2 (3)
- the uniformity of the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin is increased, high adhesive strength is maintained even when used in a form in which a high pressure is applied, and defects such as cracks due to insufficient strength are unlikely to occur. It is possible to obtain a molded product capable of producing a molded product.
- the more preferable lower limit of the above formula (3) is 0.0003, the further preferable lower limit is 0.0004, the further preferable lower limit is 0.001, the more preferable upper limit is 1.0, and the further preferable upper limit is 1.0. 0.1, and even more preferably the upper limit is 0.05.
- the degree of polymerization of the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 400 or more, further preferably 500 or more, preferably 2000 or less, and 1500 or less. Is more preferable. By setting the degree of polymerization within the above range, it is possible to achieve both fluidity during molding and strength of the molded product.
- a suspension is prepared by suspending the vinyl chloride resin in an aqueous medium in a reaction vessel, and chlorine is introduced into the reaction vessel.
- a method of performing a step of chlorinating the vinyl chloride resin by heating the suspension (chlorination step) can be mentioned.
- the mean value of the ratio of 1450 to to the peak intensity B observed in the range of 1550 cm -1, 300 peak intensity A observed in the range of ⁇ 340 cm -1 (A / B) is 0
- adjust the method of chlorination step, reaction temperature, reaction pressure, average chlorine consumption rate, and after performing the above chlorination step add sulfur compounds. It can be manufactured by adding it. Further, adjusting the addition amount of the sulfur compound, controlling the drying temperature and drying time in the drying step, the added chlorination amount of the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin, the structural units (a), (b), (c). ) Can also be produced by adjusting the ratio of the constituent unit (b) to the total number of moles.
- reaction vessel for example, a commonly used vessel such as a stainless steel reaction vessel with a glass lining or a titanium reaction vessel can be used.
- the method for preparing a suspension by suspending the vinyl chloride resin in an aqueous medium is not particularly limited, and a cake-like PVC obtained by demonomerizing the polymerized PVC may be used or dried. May be suspended again in an aqueous medium. Further, a suspension from which substances unfavorable for the chlorination reaction have been removed may be used from the polymerization system, but it is preferable to use a cake-like resin obtained by demonomerizing PVC after polymerization.
- aqueous medium for example, pure water subjected to ion exchange treatment can be used.
- the amount of the aqueous medium is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably 150 to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVC.
- the chlorine introduced into the reaction vessel may be either liquid chlorine or gaseous chlorine. It is efficient to use liquid chlorine because a large amount of chlorine can be charged in a short time. Chlorine may be added during the reaction to regulate pressure or replenish chlorine. At this time, in addition to liquid chlorine, gaseous chlorine can be appropriately blown. It is preferable to use chlorine after purging 5 to 10% by mass of cylinder chlorine.
- the reaction pressure (gauge pressure in the reaction vessel) is not particularly limited, but the higher the chlorine pressure, the easier it is for chlorine to permeate into the PVC particles.
- the range of 01 to 1.5 MPa is more preferable.
- the method of chlorinating PVC in the suspended state is not particularly limited, and for example, a method of irradiating light energy such as ultraviolet rays to promote photoreactive chlorination (hereinafter referred to as photochlorination) and the like. Can be mentioned.
- a method of irradiating light energy such as ultraviolet rays to promote photoreactive chlorination (hereinafter referred to as photochlorination) and the like.
- photochlorination a method of irradiating light energy such as ultraviolet rays to promote photoreactive chlorination
- the chlorination reaction temperature is preferably 40 to 80 ° C.
- the ratio of the irradiation intensity (W) of light energy in the case of photochlorination to the total amount (kg) of raw material PVC and water is preferably 0.001 to 6 (W / kg), and irradiation is performed.
- the wavelength of light is preferably 280 to 420 nm.
- the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin obtained by photochlorination can produce a molded product having high heat resistance and mechanical strength, and further excellent glossiness.
- the concentration of chlorine introduced into the reaction vessel is preferably 99.5% or more.
- a sulfur compound after performing the chlorination step.
- a neutralization step a washing step, a dehydration step and a drying step are carried out in order.
- the step of adding the sulfur compound is preferably performed during the dehydration step or after the dehydration step.
- the total amount of the sulfur compound may be added at one time, or may be added in a plurality of times. Alternatively, it may be added as it is, or it may be diluted with a solvent such as water and added.
- the sulfur compound When the above sulfur compound is added, the sulfur compound is added in place of chlorine desorbed from the main chain of the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin in the subsequent drying step, so that the amount of dehydrochloric acid dehydrochlorated during molding is reduced. Thermal stability is improved.
- the sulfur compound is preferably an organic sulfur compound, and specific examples thereof include thioglycolic acid-based compounds, thiourea, thioglycerin, thioacetic acid, potassium thioacetate, thiodiacetic acid, thiosemicarbazide, and thioacetamide. .. Of these, at least one thioglycolic acid-based compound selected from the group consisting of thioglycolic acid and thioglycolic acid esters is more preferable.
- the thioglycolic acid includes not only thioglycolic acid but also thioglycolic acid salts such as metal salts, ammonium salts and amine salts of thioglycolic acid.
- thioglycolate include sodium thioglycolate, calcium thioglycolate, ammonium thioglycolate, methylamine thioglycolate, ethylamine thioglycolate, monoethanolamine thioglycolate, diethanolamine thioglycolate, and trithioglycolate. Examples thereof include ethanolamine.
- ester of thioglycolic acid examples include methyl thioglycolate, ethyl thioglycolate, n-butyl thioglycolic acid, t-butyl thioglycolic acid, 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate, octyl thioglycolate, and thioglycolic acid.
- alkyl esters of thioglycolic acid such as isooctyl, decyl thioglycolate, and dodecyl thioglycolate.
- an ester with a hydrocarbon having an alkoxy group such as methoxybutyl thioglycolate may be used.
- a hydrocarbon having an alkoxy group such as methoxybutyl thioglycolate
- 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate and isooctyl thioglycolate are preferable.
- alcandiol dithioglycolate which is a thioglycolic acid ester of alcandiol
- alcanpolyol polythioglycolate which is a thioglycolic acid ester of alcan polyol
- thioglycolic acid ester of polyalkylene glycol polyalkylene glycol
- alkanediol dithioglycolate examples include ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate, butanediol bisthioglycolate, neopentyl glycol bisthioglycolate, and hexanediol bisthioglycolate. Of these, butanediol bisthioglycolate is preferable.
- alkane polyol polythioglycolate examples include trimethylolpropane tristhioglycolate, pentaerythritol tristhioglycolate, pentaerythritol tetrakisthioglycolate, and dipentaerythritol hexathioglycolate.
- examples of the polyalkylene glycol dithioglycolate include diethylene glycol dithioglycolate.
- the thioglycolic acid-based compound is preferably a compound represented by HSCH 2 COOR (R represents H or an alkyl group). Further, the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the amount of the sulfur compound added is preferably 0.001 part by mass and a preferable upper limit of 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin.
- the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention can be obtained.
- a more preferable lower limit is 0.002 parts by mass, and a more preferable lower limit is 0.005 parts by mass.
- a more preferable upper limit is 5 parts by mass, a further preferable upper limit is 1.5 parts by mass, a further preferable upper limit is 1 part by mass, and a particularly preferable upper limit is 0.5 parts by mass.
- the method for adding the sulfur compound is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to add the sulfur compound at an addition rate of 20 to 500 g / min.
- the drying temperature after the addition of the sulfur compound is preferably 60 to 120 ° C. Further, the drying time is preferably 6 to 48 hours. When the drying temperature and the drying time are within the above ranges, the addition reaction of the sulfur compound is promoted. Examples of the above-mentioned drying method include static drying, hot air drying, blast drying, far-infrared heat drying, vacuum vacuum drying and the like.
- a molded product can be produced by molding a molding resin composition containing the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention.
- the molding resin composition containing the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin of the present invention is also one of the present inventions.
- a preferable lower limit is 65% by mass
- a more preferable lower limit is 70% by mass
- a preferable upper limit is 96% by mass
- a more preferable upper limit is 93. It is mass%.
- the molding resin composition of the present invention can be used as a stabilizer, a lubricant, a processing aid, an impact-resistant modifier, a heat-resistant improver, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a filler, and heat, if necessary.
- Additives such as thermoplastic elastomers, pigments and reinforcing materials may be added.
- the stabilizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a heat stabilizer and a heat stabilization aid.
- the heat stabilizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an organotin-based stabilizer, a lead-based stabilizer, a calcium-zinc-based stabilizer; a barium-zinc-based stabilizer; and a barium-cadmium-based stabilizer.
- organic tin stabilizer examples include dibutyl tin mercapto, dioctyl tin mercapto, dimethyl tin mercapto, dibutyl tin mercapto, dibutyl tin malate, dibutyl tin malate polymer, dioctyl tin malate, dioctyl tin malate polymer, and dibutyl tin laurate. , Dibutyltin laurate polymer and the like.
- the lead-based stabilizer examples include lead stearate, dibasic lead phosphite, and tribasic lead sulfate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the heat stabilizing aid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include epoxidized soybean oil, phosphoric acid ester, polyol, hydrotalcite, and zeolite. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the lubricant examples include an internal lubricant and an external lubricant.
- the internal lubricant is used for the purpose of lowering the flow viscosity of the molten resin during molding and preventing frictional heat generation.
- the internal lubricant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include butyl stearate, lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, epoxy soybean oil, glycerin monostearate, stearic acid, and bisamide. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the external lubricant is used for the purpose of enhancing the sliding effect between the molten resin and the metal surface during the molding process.
- the external lubricant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, ester wax, and montanic acid wax. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the processing aid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an acrylic processing aid such as an alkyl acrylate-alkyl methacrylate copolymer having a mass average molecular weight of 100,000 to 2 million.
- the acrylic processing aid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an n-butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer and a 2-ethylhexyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymer. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the impact-resistant modifier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer (MBS), chlorinated polyethylene, and acrylic rubber.
- MFS methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer
- the heat resistance improving agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ⁇ -methylstyrene-based resins and N-phenylmaleimide-based resins.
- the content of the impact-resistant modifier in the molding resin composition of the present invention has a preferable lower limit of 1% by mass, a more preferable lower limit of 2% by mass, a preferable upper limit of 30% by mass, and a more preferable upper limit of 15% by mass. be. Within the above range, the strength of the obtained molded product can be sufficiently increased.
- the antioxidant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include phenolic antioxidants.
- the light stabilizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a hindered amine-based light stabilizer and the like.
- the ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ultraviolet absorbers such as salicylic acid ester type, benzophenone type, benzotriazole type, and cyanoacrylate type.
- the filler is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include calcium carbonate and talc.
- the pigment is not particularly limited, and for example, organic pigments such as azo-based, phthalocyanine-based, slene-based, and dye lake-based; oxide-based, molybdenum chromate-based, sulfide / serene-based, ferrocyanine-based, and the like. Examples include inorganic pigments.
- the reinforcing material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a fiber-based reinforcing material and a non-fiber-based reinforcing material. Examples of the fiber-based reinforcing material include glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, cellulose nanofiber (CNF), kenaf and the like. Examples of the non-fiber reinforcing material include graphite, graphene and the like.
- a molded product molded from the molding resin composition of the present invention is provided.
- Such a molded product is also one of the present inventions.
- the present invention is a molded product, by extracting the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin in the molded product with an organic solvent or the like, 300 to 300 to 1550 cm -1 peak intensity B in the above imaging Raman measurement.
- a chlorinated vinyl chloride resin having an average value of the peak intensity A ratio (A / B) of 340 cm -1 of 0.1 or more and 3.5 or less can be measured.
- the molded product may contain a reinforcing material such as glass fiber or carbon fiber.
- any conventionally known molding method may be adopted, and examples thereof include an extrusion molding method and an injection molding method.
- the molded product of the present invention has excellent thermal stability and is in a good appearance, it can be suitably used for applications such as building members, pipework equipment, and housing materials.
- the hydrogen tank is becoming smaller and lighter, and if the number of locations where the hydrogen tank is placed increases, it may not be possible to identify the part that may be in contact with the flame. .. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures against heating and ignition of the battery pack and the cover that covers the entire hydrogen tank.
- the molded product is a member for a transport aircraft and a battery device. It can be suitably used as a member for.
- Examples of the above-mentioned transport aircraft include automobiles such as gasoline vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, motorcycles such as gasoline bikes, hybrid bikes and electric bikes, bicycles such as electrically assisted bicycles, railway vehicles, ships and aircraft. Be done.
- examples of the member for the transport aircraft include a mechanical member, an interior member, an exterior member, glass, a light cover, and the like.
- examples of the mechanical member include a cooling pipe, an airbag cover, an air duct, a heater unit, and the like.
- Examples of the interior members include ceilings, instrumental panels, console boxes, armrests, seatbelt buckles, switches, door trims, and the like.
- Examples of the exterior member include an emblem, a license plate housing, a bumper core material, an undercover, and the like.
- Battery devices include primary batteries such as nickel manganese batteries, lithium batteries, and air zinc batteries, secondary batteries such as nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium ion batteries, and lead storage batteries, silicon-based solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and perovskite-type sun. Examples thereof include solar cells such as batteries, solid polymer type fuel cells, alkaline type fuel cells, phosphoric acid type fuel cells, fuel cells such as solid oxide type fuel cells, and the like. Examples of the battery device member include a battery case, a water jacket for cooling the battery, a hydrogen tank cover, a connector, an insulating sheet and the like.
- a chlorinated vinyl chloride type that can maintain high adhesive strength even when used in a form in which a high pressure is applied and can produce a molded product in which defects such as cracks due to insufficient strength are unlikely to occur.
- a resin, a resin composition for molding using the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin, and a molded product can be provided.
- Example 1 130 kg of deionized water and 50 kg of vinyl chloride resin having an average degree of polymerization of 1000 are put into a glass-lined reaction vessel having an internal volume of 300 L, and the mixture is stirred to disperse the vinyl chloride resin in water and suspended in water. The inside was heated to raise the temperature of the aqueous suspension to 70 ° C. Next, after depressurizing the inside of the reaction vessel to remove oxygen (oxygen content 100 ppm), chlorine (oxygen content 50 ppm) was introduced so that the chlorine partial pressure became 0.04 MPa while stirring, and a high-pressure mercury lamp was used.
- oxygen oxygen
- chlorine oxygen content 50 ppm
- the chlorination reaction was started by irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 365 nm with an irradiation intensity of 160 W. After that, the chlorination temperature was maintained at 70 ° C., the chlorine partial pressure was maintained at 0.04 MPa, the average chlorine consumption rate was adjusted to 0.02 kg / PVC-kg ⁇ 5 min, and the amount of added chlorinated amount was 9.5% by mass. When it reached, the irradiation of ultraviolet rays with a high-pressure mercury lamp and the supply of chlorine gas were stopped, and chlorination was completed.
- chlorinated vinyl chloride resin slurry was neutralized with sodium hydroxide, washed with water, and centrifuged (Tanabe Iron Works Co., Ltd.). , O-15 type) and dehydrated for 3 minutes.
- 0.1 parts by mass (0.05 kg) of 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as a sulfur compound with respect to 100 parts by mass (50 kg) of chlorinated vinyl chloride resin. was added at 200 g / min. Then, it was allowed to stand dry at 90 degreeC for 12 hours to obtain a photochlorinated powdery chlorinated vinyl chloride resin (additional chlorination amount was 9.5% by mass).
- chlorinated vinyl chloride resin slurry was neutralized with sodium hydroxide, washed with water, and a centrifuge (manufactured by Tanabe Iron Works Co., Ltd.). , O-15 type) and dehydrated for 3 minutes. Then, it was allowed to stand dry at 90 degreeC for 12 hours to obtain a hot chlorinated powdery chlorinated vinyl chloride resin (additional chlorination amount was 9.5% by mass).
- Examples 2 to 15, Comparative Examples 2 to 3 After chlorination at the reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and average chlorine consumption rate shown in Table 1 (upper part of the table: 5% by mass or later from the final added chlorinated amount, lower part: 3% by mass or more from the final added chlorinated amount). , A sulfur compound was added in the stated amount, and the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was dried at the described drying temperature and drying time.
- Comparative Example 4 A powdery chlorinated vinyl chloride resin in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that after chlorination was performed at the average chlorine consumption rate shown in Table 1 and then dried at the described drying temperature and drying time.
- Example 16 The same as in Example 3 except that the sulfur compound was added in the amount shown in Table 1 and dried at 100 ° C. for 45 hours using a vibration flow dryer (manufactured by Chuo Kakoki Co., Ltd., VU-75 type). A chlorinated vinyl chloride resin (additional chlorination amount: 10.7% by mass) was obtained.
- a sample was prepared by placing the obtained resin in a vacuum dryer (VOS-451SD, manufactured by Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.) and drying at 80 ° C. for 24 hours. Then, a sample heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes in a gear oven (CO-O2 manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) was measured for Raman spectrum using a microscopic Raman spectroscope (inVia Quantor, manufactured by Renishaw Co., Ltd.).
- the ratio of peak intensity A to peak intensity B (A / B) was calculated, and the average value and standard deviation of A / B were calculated.
- the region of the acrylic resin was excluded and only the region of the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin was adopted.
- Adhesiveness evaluation (manufacturing of pipe) 4.0 parts by mass of an impact-resistant modifier was added to 100 parts by mass of the obtained chlorinated vinyl chloride resin. Further, 0.5 parts by mass of a heat stabilizer was added and mixed.
- a heat stabilizer As the impact-resistant modifier, Kaneka B-564 (Methylmethacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer manufactured by Kaneka Corporation) was used.
- As the heat stabilizer TVS # 1380 (manufactured by Nitto Kasei Co., Ltd., organic tin-based stability) was used.
- a polyethylene-based lubricant Hiwax 220MP manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- LOXIOL G-32 fatty acid ester-based lubricant
- the obtained chlorinated vinyl chloride resin composition is supplied to a twin-screw non-directional conical extruder (manufactured by Nagata Seisakusho Co., Ltd., SLM-50) having a diameter of 50 mm, and has an outer diameter of 26.7 mm and a wall thickness at a resin temperature of 200 ° C. A 2.4 mm pipe was made.
- a polyethylene-based lubricant Hiwax 220MP manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- LOXIOL G-32 a fatty acid ester-based lubricant manufactured by Emery Oleo Chemicals Japan Co., Ltd.
- the obtained chlorinated vinyl chloride resin composition was supplied to a twin-screw non-directional conical extruder (Nagata Seisakusho, OSC-30) having a diameter of 30 mm, and pellets were prepared at a resin temperature of 190 ° C.
- the obtained pellets were supplied to an injection molding machine (J350 ADS, manufactured by JSW) to prepare a socket having an outer diameter of 34.7 mm and an inner diameter of 26.9 mm.
- Adhesion evaluation Fill the inside of the obtained assembly sample with water, and use a hydrostatic pressure tester (manufactured by IPT, 1662-0021) in an oven to create an atmosphere of 65 ° C. so that the hoop stress of the pipe is 15.93 MPa. The test was started by pressurizing the pipe, and the time until a disconnection occurred between the pipe and the joint to which the adhesive was applied was measured. The case where there was no omission 1000 hours after the start of the test was evaluated as ⁇ , and the case where the omission occurred within 1000 hours was evaluated as x. In addition, when the omission occurred by 1000 hours, the time when the omission occurred was described.
- a chlorinated vinyl chloride type that can maintain high adhesive strength even when used in a form in which a high pressure is applied and can produce a molded product in which defects such as cracks due to insufficient strength are unlikely to occur.
- a resin, a resin composition for molding using the chlorinated vinyl chloride resin, and a molded product can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1には、後塩素化ポリ塩化ビニルと特定の安定剤とを併用した組成物が開示されており、このような樹脂は、加工中の熱応力および機械応力に耐え得ることが開示されている。
また、得られた成形体は、パイプで使用する場合はスパイダー部での再融着強度が低く、継手で使用する場合はウェルド部での再融着強度が低いため、継手等に使用する場合に割れが生じるという問題がある。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
上記範囲内とすることで、高圧が負荷される形態で使用する場合でも高い接着強度を維持し、強度不足に起因する割れ等の不具合が生じにくい成形体を製造することが可能となる。上記A/Bの平均値は、好ましい下限が0.2、より好ましい下限が0.3、さらに好ましい下限が0.5、よりさらに好ましい下限が1.0、特に好ましい下限が2.0、とりわけ好ましい下限が3.0である。
また、上記A/Bの平均値は、3.5未満であることが好ましく、より好ましい上限が3.0、さらに好ましい上限が2.5、よりさらに好ましい上限が2.0、特に好ましい上限が1.5である。
上記ラマンスペクトル測定において、サンプルの作製方法は特に限定されないが、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂のみのラマンスペクトルが得られることが好ましい。
具体的には、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂100質量部に対して150質量部のアクリル系UV硬化樹脂を添加し、波長375nm付近の紫外線を10mW/cm2の強度で3分間照射してアクリル系UV硬化樹脂を硬化させた後、エポキシ樹脂で包埋することでサンプルを作製する。得られるサンプルを、機械研磨にて研磨し、得られた断面に対して、顕微ラマン分光分析装置を用いてイメージングラマン測定を行う方法[埋没法]や、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂をTHFに溶解し、遠心分離機にて不溶部を分離・濾過後、過剰量のメタノールを加えて再沈殿させて吸引濾過により分離、真空乾燥機にて80℃で乾燥させることで得られるサンプルを用いて顕微ラマン分光分析装置を用いてイメージングラマン測定を行う方法[THF沈殿法]等が挙げられる。
得られたイメージングラマンスペクトルにおいて、直線近似によるベースライン補正を行い、1450~1550cm-1の範囲に観察されるピーク強度Bと、300~340cm-1の範囲に観察されるピーク強度Aとを測定し、A/Bを算出し、10000点のピーク強度についての平均を算出することで測定することができる。
なお、上記平均値は、例えば、inVia Qontor(レニショー社製)を用いて測定することができる。
また、上記イメージングラマン測定は、加熱を行った後に測定を行うことが好ましい。
上記加熱の温度は、100℃以上であることが好ましい。具体的には例えば、100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃、150℃等で加熱することが好ましい。
更に、上記加熱の時間は、5分以上であることが好ましい。具体的には例えば、5分、10分、15分、20分、25分、30分等の時間で行うことが好ましい。
粉末状の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂を測定する場合、上記埋没法やTHF沈殿法を用いて150℃10分加熱したサンプルが好ましく、成形品を測定する場合は、THF沈殿法を用いた未加熱のサンプルを測定することが好ましい。
そのため、上記A/Bの標準偏差が上記範囲内であることで、高圧が負荷される形態で使用する場合でも高い接着強度を維持し、強度不足に起因する割れ等の不具合が生じにくい成形体を製造することが可能な成形体を提供することができる。
なお、上記ピーク強度Bに対するピーク強度Aの比(A/B)の標準偏差は、例えば、上記イメージングラマン測定において得られたピーク強度比に基づいて算出することができる。
上記A/Bの標準偏差は、より好ましい下限が0.20、さらに好ましい下限が0.30、よりさらに好ましい下限が0.40、特に好ましい下限が0.50、とりわけ好ましい下限が0.6、非常に好ましい下限が0.8、特に1.0以上、とりわけ3.0以上、例えば5.0以上である。
また、上記A/Bの標準偏差は、より好ましい上限が9.0、さらに好ましい上限が8.0、よりさらに好ましい上限が7.0、特に好ましい上限が6.5、とりわけ好ましい上限が6.0、非常に好ましい上限が5.5、特に5.0、とりわけ4.0、例えば3.0である。
0.50≦[A/Bの平均値]+[A/Bの標準偏差]1/2≦5.0 (1)
上記範囲内であることで、高圧が負荷される形態で使用する場合でも高い接着強度を維持し、強度不足に起因する割れ等の不具合が生じにくい成形体を製造することが可能な成形体を提供することができる。
また、上記構成単位(a)、(b)及び(c)の合計モル数に対して、構成単位(b)の割合は5.0モル%以上であることが好ましく、15.0モル%以上であることがより好ましく、30.0モル%以下がより好ましく、25.0モル%以下であることが更に好ましい。
更に、上記構成単位(a)、(b)及び(c)の合計モル数に対して、構成単位(c)の割合は5.0モル%以上であることが好ましく、25.0モル%以上であることがより好ましく、55.0モル%以下であることがより好ましく、40.0モル%以下であることが更に好ましい。
上記他の構成単位の含有量は、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂中、0質量%以上であることが好ましく、10質量%未満であることが好ましい。
本発明の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂において、下記に示す塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂中の硫黄含有量が0質量ppm以上である場合は、樹脂中に硫黄が存在し、上記硫黄が樹脂と結合しているといえるため、本発明の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂は、硫黄を含有する置換基を有することが分かる。
上記硫黄を含有する置換基としては、硫黄化合物に由来する置換基等が挙げられる。上記硫黄化合物としては、後述する化合物が挙げられる。なかでも、チオグリコール酸及びチオグリコール酸のエステルからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のチオグリコール酸系化合物が好ましい。
上記硫黄を含有する置換基を有する構成単位としては、例えば、下記式(d)に示す構成単位(d)等が挙げられる。
上記構成単位(d)中のRとしては、アルキレン基、エステル基、アルキル基及びチオール基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が結合した基が好ましく、アルキレン基、エステル基及びアルキル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が結合した基であることがより好ましい。
上記塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂中の硫黄含有量は、IC(イオンクロマトグラフィー)を用いた定量分析によって検出できる。具体的には、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂をTHFに溶解し、遠心分離機にて不溶部を分離・濾過後、過剰量のメタノールを加えて再沈殿させて吸引濾過により分離、真空乾燥機にて80℃で乾燥させることで得られる試料をセラミックボートに入れて秤量後、自動資料燃焼装置を用いて燃焼させ、発生したガスを吸収液10mLに捕集する。この吸収液を超純水で15mLに調整した液についてICによる定量分析を行う。例えば、自動燃焼装置(三菱ケミカルアナリテック社製、AQF-2100H)、IC(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製、ICS-5000)を用いて測定することで、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂中の硫黄含有量(質量ppm)を定量することが出来る。
上記付加塩素化量を1.0質量%以上とすることで、成形品としての耐熱性が充分なものとなり、16.0質量%以下とすることで、成形性が向上する。
上記付加塩素化量は、3.2質量%以上であることがより好ましく、6.2質量%以上であることが更に好ましく、15.2質量%以下であることがより好ましく、12.2質量%以下であることが更に好ましい。
なお、塩化ビニル系樹脂の塩素含有量は通常56.8質量%であるが、上記付加塩素化量は、塩化ビニル系樹脂に対する塩素の導入割合を意味するものであり、JIS K 7229に記載の方法により測定することができる。
0.1≦[付加塩素化量(質量%)]/[A/Bの平均値]≦160 (2)
上記関係を満たすことで、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂の均一性が高くなり、高圧が負荷される形態で使用する場合でも高い接着強度を維持し、強度不足に起因する割れ等の不具合が生じにくい成形体を製造することが可能な成形体を得ることができる。同様の観点から、上記式(2)のより好ましい下限は1.0、さらに好ましい下限は2.0、さらにより好ましい下限は2.5であり、より好ましい上限は100、さらに好ましい上限は80、さらにより好ましい上限は65である。
2×10-4≦[A/Bの平均値]/([付加塩素化量]×[構成単位bの割合(%)])≦2 (3)
上記関係を満たすことで、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂の均一性が高くなり、高圧が負荷される形態で使用する場合でも高い接着強度を維持し、強度不足に起因する割れ等の不具合が生じにくい成形体を製造することが可能な成形体を得ることができる。
同様の観点から、上記式(3)のより好ましい下限は0.0003、さらに好ましい下限は0.0004、さらにより好ましい下限は0.001であり、より好ましい上限は1.0、さらに好ましい上限は0.1、さらにより好ましい上限は0.05である。
上記重合度を上述の範囲内とすることで、成形時の流動性と成型品の強度を両立することができる。
特に、上記イメージングラマン測定において、1450~1550cm-1の範囲に観察されるピーク強度Bに対する、300~340cm-1の範囲に観察されるピーク強度Aの比(A/B)の平均値が0.1以上、3.5以下の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂は、塩素化工程の方法、反応温度、反応圧力、平均塩素消費速度を調整すること、上記塩素化工程を行った後に、硫黄化合物を添加することで製造することができる。また、上記硫黄化合物の添加量を調整すること、乾燥工程における乾燥温度、乾燥時間を制御すること、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂の付加塩素化量、構成単位(a)、(b)、(c)の合計モル数に対する構成単位(b)の割合を調整すること、によっても製造することができる。
上記方法で塩素化を行うことにより、塩素化状態の不均一性が少なく、熱安定性の優れたCPVCを得ることができる。
上記塩素化工程を行った後、一般的には、中和工程、洗浄工程、脱水工程及び乾燥工程が順に行われる。上記硫黄化合物を添加する工程は、脱水工程中、又は、脱水工程の後に行うことが好ましい。なお、上記硫黄化合物は、1回で全量を添加してもよく、複数回に分けて添加してもよい。また、そのまま添加してもよく、水等の溶媒に希釈して添加してもよい。
上記硫黄化合物を添加した場合、後の乾燥工程にて塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂の主鎖から脱離した塩素の代わりに硫黄化合物が付加されることから、成形時の脱塩酸量が低減し、熱安定性が向上する。
なかでも、チオグリコール酸及びチオグリコール酸のエステルからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のチオグリコール酸系化合物がより好ましい。
上記チオグリコール酸塩としては、チオグリコール酸ナトリウム、チオグリコール酸カルシウム、チオグリコール酸アンモニウム、チオグリコール酸メチルアミン、チオグリコール酸エチルアミン、チオグリコール酸モノエタノールアミン、チオグリコール酸ジエタノールアミン、チオグリコール酸トリエタノールアミン等が挙げられる。
上記アルカンジオールジチオグリコレートとしては、エチレングリコールビスチオグリコレート、ブタンジオールビスチオグリコレート、ネオペンチルグリコールビスチオグリコレート、ヘキサンジオールビスチオグリコレート等が挙げられる。なかでも、ブタンジオールビスチオグリコレートが好ましい。
上記アルカンポリオールポリチオグリコレートとしては、トリメチロールプロパントリスチオグリコレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリスチオグリコレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキスチオグリコレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサチオグリコレート等が挙げられる。
上記ポリアルキレングリコールジチオグリコレートとしては、ジエチレングリコールジチオグリコレート等が挙げられる。
また、上記チオグリコール酸系化合物は、HSCH2COOR(RはH又はアルキル基を示す)で表される化合物であることが好ましい。更に、上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~8であることが好ましい。
なお、上記硫黄化合物の添加方法は特に限定されないが、添加速度20~500g/minで添加することが好ましい。
また、上記硫黄化合物の添加後の乾燥温度は、60~120℃であることが好ましい。更に、乾燥時間は6~48時間が好ましい。乾燥温度、乾燥時間が上記範囲内であることで、上記硫黄化合物の付加反応が促進される。上記乾燥方法としては、例えば、静置乾燥、熱風乾燥、送風乾燥、遠赤外線加熱乾燥、真空減圧乾燥等が挙げられる。
本発明の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂を含有する成形用樹脂組成物もまた本発明の1つである。
上記有機錫系安定剤としては、例えば、ジブチル錫メルカプト、ジオクチル錫メルカプト、ジメチル錫メルカプト、ジブチル錫メルカプト、ジブチル錫マレート、ジブチル錫マレートポリマー、ジオクチル錫マレート、ジオクチル錫マレートポリマー、ジブチル錫ラウレート、ジブチル錫ラウレートポリマー等が挙げられる。
上記鉛系安定剤としては、ステアリン酸鉛、二塩基性亜りん酸鉛、三塩基性硫酸鉛等が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
内部滑剤は、成形加工時の溶融樹脂の流動粘度を下げ、摩擦発熱を防止する目的で使用される。上記内部滑剤としては特に限定されず、例えば、ブチルステアレート、ラウリルアルコール、ステアリルアルコール、エポキシ大豆油、グリセリンモノステアレート、ステアリン酸、ビスアミド等が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
上記耐熱向上剤としては特に限定されず、例えばα-メチルスチレン系、N-フェニルマレイミド系樹脂等が挙げられる。
上記範囲とすることで、得られる成形体に強度を充分に高めることができる。
上記光安定剤としては特に限定されず、例えば、ヒンダードアミン系等の光安定剤等が挙げられる。
上記充填剤としては特に限定されず、例えば、炭酸カルシウム、タルク等が挙げられる。
上記強化材としては特に限定されず、繊維系強化材および非繊維系強化材が挙げられる。繊維系強化材としては、例えば、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維、セルロースナノファイバー(CNF)、ケナフ等が挙げられる。非繊維系強化材としては、黒鉛、グラフェン等が挙げられる。
なお、本発明が成形体である場合、成形体中の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂を有機溶剤等で抽出することで、上記イメージングラマン測定にて1450~1550cm-1のピーク強度Bに対する、300~340cm-1のピーク強度Aの比(A/B)の平均値が0.1以上、3.5以下の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂を測定することができる。
上記成形体は、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維等の強化材を含んでいてもよい。
また、電池パックカバーの材料については、軽量化の要求に対応して、従来の鉄からアルミや樹脂への変更が提案されているが、アルミ製や樹脂製のカバーでは電池装置の電池セルが発火した際に火炎や発煙を防ぐことができず、これらへの対策も必要になっている。
更に、強度を向上させるため、電池パック下面には金属が使われるが、金属を用いた場合、輸送機の路面側からの接炎により電池パック内の温度が上昇し、セルが熱暴走して発火するおそれがあり、電池パック内への火炎の侵入阻止及び電池パック内温度の上昇を防ぐ必要がある。また、燃料電池車には爆発の危険性がある水素タンクが搭載されており、外部火炎に対する対策が必要である。一方、車室内の空間拡大やレイアウトの自由設計のため、水素タンクの小型化や軽量化が進み、水素タンクの配置箇所が増えると、接炎の可能性がある部位が特定できなくなるおそれがある。そこで、電池パックや水素タンク全体を覆うカバーについても、加熱、発火への対策が必要となっている。
また、上記輸送機用の部材としては、機構部材、内装部材、外装部材、ガラス、ライトカバー等が挙げられる。
上記機構部材としては、冷却パイプ、エアバッグカバー、エアーダクト、ヒーターユニット等が挙げられる。
上記内装部材としては、天井、インストルメンタルパネル、コンソールボックス、アームレスト、シートベルトバックル、スイッチ類、ドアトリム等が挙げられる。
上記外装部材としては、エンブレム、ナンバープレートハウジング、バンパー芯材、アンダーカバー等が挙げられる。
電池装置用部材としては、バッテリーケース、バッテリー冷却用ウォータージャケット、水素タンクカバー、コネクタ、絶縁用シート等が挙げられる。
内容積300Lのグラスライニング製反応容器に、脱イオン水130kgと平均重合度1000の塩化ビニル樹脂50kgを投入し、攪拌して塩化ビニル樹脂を水中に分散させ水懸濁状態にした後、反応容器内を加熱して水懸濁液を70℃に昇温した。次いで、反応容器中を減圧して酸素を除去(酸素量100ppm)した後、攪拌しながら塩素分圧が0.04MPaになるように塩素(酸素含有量50ppm)を導入して、高圧水銀灯を用いて波長365nmの紫外線を照射強度160Wで照射し塩素化反応を開始した。
その後、塩素化温度を70℃、塩素分圧を0.04MPaに保ち、平均塩素消費速度が0.02kg/PVC-kg・5minになるように調整し、付加塩素化量が9.5質量%に到達した時点で、高圧水銀灯での紫外線の照射と塩素ガスの供給を停止し、塩素化を終了した。
次いで、窒素ガスを通気して、未反応塩素を除去し、得られた塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂スラリーを水酸化ナトリウムで中和し、水で洗浄し、遠心分離機(株式会社田辺鐵工所製、O-15型)に投入し、3分間脱水をした。
脱水を行った後、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂100質量部(50kg)に対して硫黄化合物として0.1質量部(0.05kg)のチオグリコール酸2-エチルヘキシル(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)を200g/minで添加した。その後90℃で12時間静置乾燥をして、光塩素化された粉末状の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂(付加塩素化量が9.5質量%)を得た。
内容積300Lのグラスライニング製反応容器に、脱イオン水130kgと平均重合度1000の塩化ビニル樹脂50kgを投入し、攪拌して塩化ビニル樹脂を水中に分散させ水懸濁状態にした後、反応容器内を加熱して水懸濁液を140℃に昇温した。次いで、反応容器中を減圧して酸素を除去(酸素量100ppm)した後、攪拌しながら塩素分圧が0.04MPaになるように塩素(酸素含有量50ppm)を導入して熱塩素化を開始した。
その後、塩素化温度を140℃、塩素分圧を0.40MPaに保ち、付加塩素化量が4.4質量%に到達した後、200ppmの過酸化水素水を、塩化ビニル樹脂に対して過酸化水素として15ppm/Hrとなるように添加開始し、平均塩素消費速度が0.05kg/PVC-kg・5minになるように調整した。その後、付加塩素化量が9.5質量%に達した時点で、過酸化水素水と塩素ガスの供給を停止し、塩素化を終了した。
次いで、窒素ガスを通気して、未反応塩素を除去し、得られた塩素化塩化ビニル樹脂スラリーを水酸化ナトリウムで中和し、水で洗浄し、遠心分離機(株式会社田辺鐵工所製、O-15型)に投入し、3分間脱水した。その後、90℃で12時間静置乾燥して、熱塩素化された粉末状の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂(付加塩素化量が9.5質量%)を得た。
表1に示す反応温度、反応圧力、平均塩素消費速度(表の上段:最終付加塩素化量から5質量%以降、下段:最終付加塩素化量から3質量%以降)で塩素化を行った後、硫黄化合物を記載の添加量で添加し、記載の乾燥温度、乾燥時間で乾燥した以外は実施例1と同様にして、粉末状の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂を得た。
表1に示す添加量で硫黄化合物を添加し、振動流動乾燥機(中央化工機社製、VU-75型)を用いて、100℃で45時間乾燥したこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂(付加塩素化量10.7質量%)を得た。
実施例、比較例で得られた塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂について、以下の評価を行った。結果を表1に示した。
実施例1~16、比較例1~4で得られた粉末状の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂10質量部に対してTHF300質量部を添加し、24時間攪拌して溶解させ、さらに遠心分離機(コクサン社製、H-200NR)で14000rpm、1時間攪拌させることで不溶部を析出させた。これを濾過して、濾液にメタノール1000質量部を添加し、再度樹脂を析出させた。メタノールで樹脂を洗浄しながらアスピレーター(アズワン社製、GAS-1N)により吸引濾過を行い、樹脂を濾液から分離した。得られた樹脂を真空乾燥機(東京理化器械社製、VOS-451SD)に入れ80℃で24時間乾燥することでサンプルを作製した。その後、ギヤオーブン(東洋精機製作所社製、CO-O2)にて150℃で10分間加熱したサンプルを顕微ラマン分光装置(inVia Qontor、レニショー社製)を用いてラマンスペクトルを測定した。
得られた塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂について、JIS K 7229に準拠して付加塩素化量を測定した。
得られた塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂について、R.A.Komoroski,R.G.Parker,J.P.Shocker,Macromolecules,1985,18,1257-1265に記載のNMR測定方法に準拠して分子構造解析を行い、構成単位(a)~(c)の含有量を測定した。
NMR測定条件は以下の通りである。
装置:FT-NMRJEOLJNM-AL-300
測定核:13C(プロトン完全デカップリング)
パルス幅:90°
PD:2.4sec
溶媒:o-ジクロロベンゼン:重水素化ベンゼン(C5D5)=3:1
試料濃度:約20%
温度:110℃
基準物質:ベンゼンの中央のシグナルを128ppmとした
積算回数:20000回
得られた塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂10質量部に対してTHF300質量部を添加し、24時間攪拌して溶解させ、さらに遠心分離機(コクサン社製、H-200NR)で14000rpm、1時間攪拌させることで不溶部を析出させる。これを濾過して、濾液にメタノール1000質量部を添加し、再度樹脂を析出させる。メタノールで樹脂を洗浄しながらアスピレーター(アズワン社製、GAS-1N)により吸引濾過を行い、樹脂を濾液から分離する。これにより、硫黄が結合した樹脂を得られることが出来るため、これを真空乾燥機(東京理化器械社製、VOS-451SD)に入れ80℃で24時間乾燥し、燃焼ICの測定により、CS結合の検出を行った。試料をセラミックボートに入れて秤量後、自動資料燃焼装置を用いて燃焼させ、発生したガスを吸収液10mLに捕集する。この吸収液を超純水で15mLに調整した液についてICによる定量分析を行う。SO4 2-アニオンの検量線を標準物質の測定により直線近似した後、サンプルを測定することで、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂中の硫黄含有量(重量%)を定量することが出来る。
自動燃焼装置の測定条件は以下の通りである。
装置:三菱ケミカルアナリテック社製、AQF-2100H
Inlet温度:1000℃
Outlet温度:1100℃
ガス流量O2:400mL/min
ガス流量Ar:200mL/min
Ar送水ユニット:100mL/min
また、ICの測定条件は以下の通りである。
装置:Thermo Fisher Scientific社製、ICS-5000
分離カラム:Dionex IonPac AS18-4μm(2mm×150mm)
ガードカラム:Dionex IonPac AG18-4μm(2mm×30mm)
除外システム:Dionex AERS-500(エクスターナルモード)
検出器:電気伝導度検出器
溶離液:KOH水溶液(溶離液ジェネレーターEGC500)
溶離液流量:0.25mL/min
試料注入量:100μL
(パイプの作製)
得られた塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂100質量部に対して、耐衝撃改質剤4.0質量部を添加した。更に、熱安定剤0.5質量部を添加して混合した。なお、耐衝撃改質剤としては、カネエースB-564(カネカ社製、メチルメタクリレート-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体)を用いた。また、熱安定剤としては、TVS#1380(日東化成社製、有機錫系安定性)を用いた。
更に、ポリエチレン系滑剤(三井化学社製、Hiwax220MP)1.5質量部、脂肪酸エステル系滑剤(エメリーオレオケミカルズジャパン社製、LOXIOL G-32)0.2質量部を添加した。その後、スーパーミキサーで均一に混合して、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂組成物を得た。
得られた塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂組成物を、直径50mmの2軸異方向コニカル押出機(長田製作所社製、SLM-50)に供給し樹脂温度200℃にて外径26.7mm、肉厚2.4mmのパイプを作製した。
塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂(積水化学工業社製、HA-24KL)100質量部に対して、耐衝撃改質剤5.0質量部を添加した。更に、熱安定剤3.0質量部を添加して混合した。なお、耐衝撃改質剤としては、カネエースM-511(カネカ社製、メチルメタクリレート-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体)を用いた。また、熱安定剤としては、TVS#1380(日東化成社製、有機錫系安定性)を用いた。
更に、ポリエチレン系滑剤(三井化学社製、Hiwax220MP)2.0質量部、脂肪酸エステル系滑剤(エメリーオレオケミカルズジャパン社製、LOXIOL G-32)0.3質量部を添加した。その後、スーパーミキサーで均一に混合して、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂組成物を得た。
得られた塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂組成物を、直径30mmの2軸異方向コニカル押出機(長田製作所、OSC-30)に供給し、樹脂温度190℃でペレットを作製した。得られたペレットを射出成型機(JSW社製、J350ADS)に供給し、外径34.7mm、内径26.9mmのソケットを作製した。
得られたパイプ2本を長さ20cmにカットし、得られた継手の両側に接着剤(IPS社製、WELD―ON724)を使用し接着した。その後、23℃で14日間養生し、82℃のオーブン(東洋精機製作所社製、CO-O2)にて2日間養生することでアッセンブルサンプルを得た。
得られたアッセンブルサンプルの内部に水を満たし、オーブンで65℃の雰囲気とした状態で耐静水圧試験機(IPT社製、1662-0021)を用いて、パイプにフープ応力15.93MPaになるように加圧して試験を開始し、接着剤を塗布したパイプ-継手間に抜けが発生するまでの時間を測定した。
なお、試験開始後1000時間後に抜けが無い場合を〇、1000時間までに抜けが発生した場合を×として判定した。なお、1000時間までに抜けが発生した場合については、抜けが発生した時間を記載した。
「(5)接着性評価」を行った後に、パイプ、継手に割れや亀裂が無いか確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
〇:1000時間後に割れや亀裂無し
△:1000時間後にわずかに白化有り、割れや亀裂による水漏れは無し。
×:1000時間までに割れや亀裂有り
Claims (5)
- ラマン分光法によるイメージングラマン測定において、1450~1550cm-1の範囲に観察されるピーク強度Bに対する、300~340cm-1の範囲に観察されるピーク強度Aの比(A/B)の平均値が0.1以上、3.5以下である、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂。
- ラマン分光法によるイメージングラマン測定において、ピーク強度Bに対するピーク強度Aの比(A/B)の標準偏差が0.10~10.0である、請求項1記載の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂。
- 硫黄含有量が1質量ppm以上、1000質量ppm以下である、請求項1又は2記載の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂を含有する、成形用樹脂組成物。
- 請求項4に記載の成形用樹脂組成物から成形された、成形体。
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| JPH04198349A (ja) * | 1990-11-27 | 1992-07-17 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 塩素化塩化ビニル樹脂組成物 |
| JP2015013952A (ja) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-22 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂の変性物、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂の変性物の製造方法及び成形体 |
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| EP0743339B1 (de) | 1995-05-17 | 1999-06-16 | Witco Vinyl Additives GmbH | Stabilisiertes CPVC (chloriertes PVC) |
| JP2004198349A (ja) | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 磁歪式トルクセンサ、磁歪式トルクセンサ用の軸、磁歪式トルクセンサ用の軸の製造方法 |
| JP2008311286A (ja) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-25 | Canon Inc | 半導体薄膜及びその製造方法 |
| CN106232713B (zh) * | 2014-07-24 | 2020-04-21 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 成形用树脂组合物 |
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2021
- 2021-03-29 WO PCT/JP2021/013348 patent/WO2021200844A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-03-29 KR KR1020227037245A patent/KR20220161555A/ko active Pending
- 2021-03-29 JP JP2021536832A patent/JP7221396B2/ja active Active
- 2021-03-29 US US17/908,757 patent/US12297312B2/en active Active
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2023
- 2023-02-01 JP JP2023014061A patent/JP2023041846A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04198349A (ja) * | 1990-11-27 | 1992-07-17 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 塩素化塩化ビニル樹脂組成物 |
| JP2015013952A (ja) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-22 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂の変性物、塩素化塩化ビニル系樹脂の変性物の製造方法及び成形体 |
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| US20230250201A1 (en) | 2023-08-10 |
| US12297312B2 (en) | 2025-05-13 |
| JPWO2021200844A1 (ja) | 2021-10-07 |
| JP7221396B2 (ja) | 2023-02-13 |
| JP2023041846A (ja) | 2023-03-24 |
| KR20220161555A (ko) | 2022-12-06 |
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