WO2021200506A1 - ニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔、ニッケル水素二次電池集電体、及びニッケル水素二次電池 - Google Patents
ニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔、ニッケル水素二次電池集電体、及びニッケル水素二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- steel foil
- plated steel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
- H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
- H01M4/662—Alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/669—Steels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
- H01M50/119—Metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
- H01M50/133—Thickness
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Ni-plated steel foil for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery current collector, a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery current collector, and a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery.
- nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries have a high energy density, it is used as a power source for mobile communication and portable information terminals.
- nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries have moderate energy density and output characteristics, but are advantageous in terms of reliability, safety, and cost.
- they have been put into practical use for in-vehicle use, and the market is rapidly expanding. It is growing to. Along with this, in order to further pursue miniaturization and weight reduction, performance improvement for further miniaturization and weight reduction is required for batteries that occupy a large volume in equipment.
- Patent Document 2 a metal foil formed by forming iron sesquioxide on the surface of an iron foil or a Ni-plated iron foil is used as a negative electrode current collector of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium secondary battery.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium secondary battery.
- Fe elution at the time of over-discharging is unavoidable, and side reactions at the negative electrode potential are likely to occur, and as a result, the efficiency and life of the battery are likely to be impaired.
- the steel foil is thin and strong, lightweight and economical, and has rust resistance, metal ion elution resistance during over-discharge, and stability at the negative electrode potential. It has and is known to be excellent for the negative electrode current collector of lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the iron foil and the steel foil proposed in these patent documents are all for lithium ion secondary batteries, not for the current collector of nickel hydrogen secondary batteries.
- the steel foils described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 are thin and strong, and are excellent in rust resistance, metal elution resistance at the time of over-discharge, and stability at a negative electrode potential. It is intended to be used as a current collector for nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries. However, when the steel foil described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 is used as a current collector of a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery, a capacity far lower than the theoretical capacity (Ah / kg) of the nickel-metal hydride secondary battery can be obtained. I know. It is considered that the reason for this is that the electrolytic solution of the lithium ion secondary battery and the electrolytic solution of the nickel hydrogen secondary battery are different.
- the electrolytic solution of the lithium ion secondary battery As the electrolytic solution of the lithium ion secondary battery, a non-aqueous electrolytic solution is used due to the characteristics of the lithium battery. On the other hand, in a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery, an alkaline aqueous solution is usually used. Therefore, the elution of metal ions from the current collector in an alkaline aqueous solution environment, which was not a problem with the steel foil for the lithium-ion secondary battery current collector, reduces the battery capacity of the nickel-metal hydride secondary battery. It is thought that it is related to.
- the tensile strength is more than 400 MPa and less than 1200 MPa
- a Ni-plated steel foil for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery current collector wherein the surface defect area ratio is 5.00% or less on both the first surface and the second surface of the Ni-plated steel foil.
- Ni-plated steel foil for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery current collector of the present invention can be suitably used for both a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode current collector of a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery. Further, in addition, a Ni-plated steel foil for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery current collector having excellent extensibility can be obtained.
- the Ni-plated steel foil of the present invention is characterized in that the surface defect area ratio is 5.00% or less on both the first surface and the second surface of the Ni-plated steel foil.
- the metal ion of the current collector component does not cause any particular problem except during over-discharge.
- the decrease in battery capacity due to elution becomes a problem.
- the inventor of the present application has found that this decrease in battery capacity is caused by the metal component of the steel foil, particularly the Fe component, being eluted into an alkaline aqueous solution due to a surface defect of the Ni-plated steel foil.
- Ni-plated steel foil As a surface defect of Ni-plated steel foil, when a Ni-plated steel sheet (thin plate) is rolled into a Ni-plated steel foil, Ni plating is introduced due to contact with a rolling roll or deformation of the material to be rolled. Defects such as layer cracks, flaws, and peeling can be mentioned. From the defective portion of the Ni plating layer, it was found that Fe, which is a metal component of the steel foil, elutes into the alkaline aqueous solution of the electrolyte, and the battery capacity of the nickel hydrogen secondary battery rapidly decreases.
- the inventor of the present application can dramatically reduce defects in the Ni-plated layer by controlling the foil rolling process when rolling a Ni-plated steel sheet (thin plate) into a Ni-plated steel foil. I found out what I could do.
- the surface defect area ratio of the Ni-plated steel foil of the present invention is 5.00% or less on both the first surface and the second surface. When the surface defect area ratio exceeds 5.00%, the elution amount of Fe ions becomes large, and the battery capacity is less than half of the theoretical capacity. Since it is preferable that there are no defects on the surface of the Ni-plated steel foil, the lower limit of the defect area ratio of the Ni-plated steel foil is 0%.
- the first and second surfaces of the test piece in which the blue spots appeared are photographed, imported into a computer, and binarized using image analysis software to quantify the defect area ratio of the first and second surfaces.
- image analysis software image analysis software
- the components of the Ni-plated steel foil of the present invention are C: 0.0001 to 0.0200%, Si: 0.0001 to 0.0200%, Mn: 0.005 to 0.300%, P: 0.001 to 0.020%, S: 0.0001 to 0.0100%, Al: 0.0005 to 0.1000%, N: 0.0001 to 0.0040%, one or two types of Ti and Nb: 0, respectively .800% or less, the balance is Fe and impurities.
- the numerical range represented by using “-” means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value. Numerical values indicated as “less than” and “greater than” do not include the values in the numerical range.
- The% of the component means mass%.
- C (C: 0.0001 to 0.0200%) C is an element that enhances the strength of steel, and work hardening is likely to occur as the C content increases.
- the deformation resistance during cold rolling increases as the C content increases, high pressurization with a rolling roll is required. Therefore, when rolling a Ni-plated steel sheet (thin sheet) into a Ni-plated steel foil, The number of defects in the introduced Ni plating layer increases. Further, if C is excessively contained, the electric resistance of the steel may be deteriorated, so the upper limit of the C content is set to 0.0200%.
- the lower limit of the C content is not particularly specified, but since the limit in the current refining technique is about 0.0001%, this is set as the lower limit.
- the C content is more preferably 0.0010% to 0.0100%.
- Si 0.0001 to 0.0200%
- Si is an element that enhances the strength of steel, but if it is contained in excess, the electrical resistance of the steel may deteriorate. Therefore, the upper limit of the Si content is set to 0.0200%. If the Si content is less than 0.0001%, the refining cost becomes large, so the lower limit of the Si content is set to 0.0001%.
- the Si content is more preferably 0.0010% to 0.0080%.
- Mn is an element that enhances the strength of steel, but if it is contained in excess, the electrical resistance of the steel may deteriorate. Therefore, the upper limit of the Mn content is set to 0.300%. If the Mn content is less than 0.005%, the refining cost becomes high and the steel may become too soft and the rollability may deteriorate. Therefore, the lower limit of the Mn content is set to 0.005%. ..
- the Mn content is more preferably 0.050% to 0.200%.
- P 0.001 to 0.020%
- P is an element that increases the strength of steel, but if it is contained in excess, the electrical resistance of the steel may deteriorate. Therefore, the upper limit of the P content is set to 0.020%. If the P content is less than 0.001%, the refining cost may increase. Therefore, the lower limit of the P content is set to 0.001%.
- the P content is more preferably 0.001% to 0.010%.
- S is an element that lowers the hot workability and corrosion resistance of steel, the smaller the amount, the more preferable. Further, in the case of a thin steel foil such as the steel foil according to the present embodiment, if there is a large amount of S, the electrical resistance may be deteriorated due to inclusions caused by the presence of S, or the strength of the steel may be lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the S content is 0.0100%. If the S content is less than 0.0001%, the refining cost may increase. Therefore, the lower limit of the S content is set to 0.0001%. The S content is more preferably 0.0010% to 0.0080%.
- N 0.0001 to 0.0040% Since N is an element that lowers the hot workability and workability of steel, the smaller the amount, the more preferable, and the upper limit of the N content is 0.0040%. If the N content is less than 0.0001%, the cost may become large, so the lower limit of the N content is set to 0.0001%.
- the N content is more preferably 0.0010% to 0.0030%.
- the steel foil of the Ni-plated steel foil of the present invention further contains 0.800% or less of Ti and / or Nb.
- Ti and / or Nb can fix C and N in the steel as carbides and nitrides to improve the workability of the steel. However, if it is added in an excessive amount, it may lead to an increase in manufacturing cost and a deterioration in electrical resistance.
- the preferred content range is Ti: 0.010 to 0.800% and Nb: 0.005 to 0.050%.
- a more preferable content range is Ti: 0.010 to 0.100% and Nb: 0.005 to 0.040%.
- the components of the above-mentioned Ni-plated steel foil are measured by a general analysis method.
- the measurement point of the component is the central part of the steel foil.
- the central portion is an arbitrary location excluding a portion 1 cm from the end portion of the Ni-plated steel foil.
- the components are measured using ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry).
- C and S are measured by using the combustion-infrared absorption method, and N is measured by using the inert gas melting-thermal conductivity method. After removing the Ni plating layer on the surface by mechanical grinding, the chemical composition is analyzed.
- the Ni-plated steel foil of the present invention has a Ni-plated layer on the first surface and the second surface of the steel foil.
- the first surface refers to one surface of the Ni-plated steel foil
- the second surface refers to the other surface of the Ni-plated steel foil.
- the thickness of the Ni plating layer adhering to the first surface and the second surface on the steel foil is 0.15 ⁇ m or more, respectively.
- the thicker the Ni plating layer the better the rust prevention property and the better the metal elution property from the steel foil, but the cost increases. Even if the thickness of the Ni plating layer on each surface exceeds 2.00 ⁇ m, no significant performance improvement is observed. Therefore, from the viewpoint of cost effectiveness, the practical upper limit of the thickness of the Ni plating layer is 2.00 ⁇ m. ..
- the more preferable thickness of the Ni plating layer is 0.20 ⁇ m or more and 1.50 ⁇ m or less.
- Ni plating was applied to the first and second surfaces of the steel sheet before foil rolling (pre-rolling plating), and this Ni-plated steel sheet was annealed to form an Fe—Ni diffusion layer (also referred to as Fe—Ni alloy layer). After that, the foil is rolled.
- Fe—Ni diffusion layer also referred to as Fe—Ni alloy layer
- the foil is rolled.
- Great care must be taken when rolling a steel sheet having a Ni-plated layer. For example, when the elongation of the Ni plating layer during foil rolling is smaller than the elongation of the steel sheet, defects such as cracks may occur in the Ni plating layer, and these defects may cause a decrease in foil strength.
- the plating thickness of Ni-plated steel foil is measured by glow discharge emission spectroscopy (GDS). Specifically, in the profile in the depth direction of Ni atoms measured by GDS, the depth at which the content ratio of Ni atoms is 1/2 of the maximum value is defined as the Ni plating thickness.
- the region where the Fe atom content measured by GDS is 90% by mass or more is defined as a steel foil. Further, the region existing between the Ni plating layer and the steel foil is defined as the Fe—Ni alloy layer.
- the thickness obtained by converting the product of the sputtering time and the sputtering rate of the silicon single crystal is used.
- the maximum value of the Ni content of the Ni-plated layer of the Ni-plated steel foil is 90% by mass or more. The maximum content of Ni can be obtained by measuring the content of each element with GDS. In the present invention, it was measured by glow discharge emission spectroscopy.
- the thickness of the Ni-plated steel foil of the present invention is 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m including the Ni-plated layer. This is because a thin current collector, that is, a thin steel foil is desired in order to reduce the size and weight of the battery by using the Ni-plated steel foil having sufficiently high mechanical strength as in the present invention. From the viewpoint of miniaturization and weight reduction, the steel foil is preferably thinner, and the lower limit does not need to be particularly limited. However, considering the cost or thickness uniformity, 5 ⁇ m or more is preferable.
- the thickness of the Ni-plated steel foil is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the tensile strength of the Ni-plated steel foil of the present invention is more than 400 MPa and 1200 MPa or less.
- the tensile strength is a measured value at room temperature.
- the steel foil is deformed or the active material is peeled off due to the occurrence of wrinkles and breaks due to handling when applying the active material layer to the current collector, and the expansion and contraction of the active material due to charging and discharging.
- There may be problems such as.
- the tensile strength of the steel foil is measured based on a test method based on the metal material tensile test method specified in JIS Z2241.
- the shape of the test piece is No. 13B, and the tensile direction is the rolling direction.
- the test speed is 1 mm / min.
- the lower limit of the preferable tensile strength is 600 MPa.
- the Ni-plated steel foil after cold rolling manufactured as described above can be heat-treated.
- the heat treatment is performed in a temperature range of 700 ° C. to 850 ° C. under the condition of 3 seconds to 30 seconds.
- the elongation can be increased to 3% or more.
- the elongation means the elongation at break.
- the elongation is measured based on a test method based on the metal material tensile test method specified in JIS Z2241-2011.
- the shape of the test piece is No. 13B, and the tensile direction is the rolling direction.
- the test speed is 1 mm / min.
- the nickel-metal hydride secondary battery current collector according to the embodiment of the present invention may use Ni-plated steel foil as it is, or may be surface-processed in order to improve the contact area with the active material layer.
- the Ni-plated steel foil can be suitably used for both a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode current collector, but can be particularly preferably used as a positive electrode current collector from the viewpoint of excellent metal ion elution resistance.
- known components other than the Ni-plated steel foil according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector other than the Ni-plated steel foil include nickel foil.
- the active material used for the positive electrode active material layer include nickel hydroxide.
- the active material used for the negative electrode active material layer include hydrogen storage alloys.
- the separator include polyolefin non-woven fabric and polyamide non-woven fabric.
- Ni plating In nickel plating, a plating bath containing nickel sulfate: 320 g / L, nickel chloride: 70 g / L, and boric acid: 40 g / L is used, and the plate is passed under the conditions of bath temperature: 65 ° C. and electrolytic current: 20 A / dm 2. Nickel plating layers of 3.9 to 8.5 ⁇ m were formed on both sides (first surface and second surface) of the steel plate due to the difference in speed. Next, continuous annealing treatment was performed in a 5% H 2 (remaining N 2 ) atmosphere at a holding temperature of 820 ° C. and a holding time of 40 sec.
- Example 2 In Example 2, it was confirmed that the Ni-plated steel foil after cold rolling was heat-treated to obtain an elongation of 3% or more.
- the slabs A and B melted in Example 1 were hot-rolled and cold-rolled by the same thin plate manufacturing method as in Example 1 to obtain a thin plate having a plate thickness of 0.15 mm.
- the plating thickness of the obtained steel foil was measured by glow discharge emission spectroscopy as in Example 1. A Ni plating layer having a thickness of 0.15 ⁇ m or more was accepted, and the others were rejected. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the surface defect area ratio of the Ni-plated steel foils of steel foil numbers 11 to 20 was measured based on the test method using potassium ferricyanide as in Example 1. Photographs of surface defects on the first and second surfaces of the obtained test piece were taken and binarized using the image analysis software ImageJ in the same manner as in Example 1, and the surfaces of the first and second surfaces were subjected to binarization. The defect area ratio was quantified. After that, the area ratio of the blue spots was calculated using the analysis function. The results are shown in Table 2.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、これらの特許文献で提案されている鉄箔、鋼箔はいずれも、リチウムイオン二次電池用であり、ニッケル水素二次電池の集電体用ではない。
しかし、特許文献3,4に記載の鋼箔をニッケル水素二次電池の集電体に用いると、ニッケル水素二次電池の理論容量(Ah/kg)を遥かに下回る容量しか得られないことが分かっている。この理由は、リチウムイオン二次電池の電解液とニッケル水素二次電池の電解液とが異なっているためであると考えられる。リチウムイオン二次電池の電解液は、リチウム電池の特性上、非水系電解液が用いられている。一方、ニッケル水素二次電池では、通常、アルカリ性水溶液が用いられている。そのため、リチウムイオン二次電池集電体用の鋼箔では問題にはならなかった、アルカリ性水溶液環境下での集電体からの金属イオンの溶出が、ニッケル水素二次電池での電池容量の低下に関係していると考えられる。
また、この知見を基に、このFe成分の溶出を抑制するためのNiめっき層を備えた鋼箔に対して、冷間圧延後に特定の条件で熱処理を施すことで、Feの溶出防止性能を維持しつつ、優れた強度及び破断伸びを有するニッケル水素二次電池集電体用高強度鋼箔が得られることが分かった。
C:0.0001~0.0200%、
Si:0.0001~0.0200%、
Mn:0.005~0.300%、
P:0.001~0.020%、
S:0.0001~0.0100%、
Al:0.0005~0.1000%、
N:0.0001~0.0040%、
Ti及びNbの1種又は2種:それぞれ0.800%以下を含み、
そして残部がFe及び不純物からなり、Niめっき層を両面に有するNiめっき鋼箔であり、
前記Niめっき鋼箔の第1面及び第2面のNiめっき層の厚みが、それぞれ、0.15μm以上であり、
前記Niめっき鋼箔の厚みが、5μm~50μmであり、
引張強度が400MPa超1200MPa以下であって、
表面欠陥面積率が前記Niめっき鋼箔の前記第1面及び前記第2面ともに5.00%以下であることを特徴とするニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔。
(2)さらに、3%以上の破断伸びを有することを特徴とする前記(1)に記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔。
(3)前記Niめっき鋼箔の厚みが、10μm~30μmである前記(1)又は(2)に記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔。
(4)前記Niめっき鋼箔の第1面及び第2面の前記Niめっき層の厚みが、それぞれ、0.20μm以上1.50μm以下である前記(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔。
(5)前記(1)~(4)のいずれか一つに記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔からなるニッケル水素二次電池集電体。
(6)正極集電体上に、正極活物質層、セパレータ、負極活物質層及び負極集電体が順次積層されてなるニッケル水素二次電池であって、前記正極集電体及び前記負極集電体の少なくとも一方が、前記(5)に記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体である、ニッケル水素二次電池。
本願発明者は、研究の結果この電池容量の低下が、Niめっき鋼箔の表面欠陥により、鋼箔の金属成分、特にFe成分が、アルカリ性水溶液に溶出することに起因することを見出した。
Cは、鋼の強度を高める元素であり、C含有量の増加とともに加工硬化が起こりやすくなる。C含有量の増加とともに冷間圧延時の変形抵抗が大きくなると、圧延ロールでの高い加圧が必要になるため、Niめっきされた鋼板(薄板)を圧延してNiめっき鋼箔にする際に導入されるNiめっき層の欠陥が増えてしまう。さらに、過剰にCを含有させると鋼の電気抵抗が悪化する場合があるので、C含有量の上限を0.0200%とする。C含有量の下限は、特に規定されないが、現行の精錬技術における限界が0.0001%程度であるので、これを下限とした。C含有量は、より好ましくは0.0010%~0.0100%である。
Siは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有させると鋼の電気抵抗が悪化する場合があるので、Si含有量の上限を0.0200%とする。Si含有量を0.0001%未満にすると、精練コストが多大となるので、Si含有量の下限は0.0001%とする。Si含有量は、より好ましくは0.0010%~0.0080%である。
Mnは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有させると鋼の電気抵抗が悪化する場合があるので、Mn含有量の上限を0.300%とする。Mn含有量を0.005%未満にすると、精練コストが多大となるとともに、鋼が軟質化しすぎて圧延性が低下してしまう場合があるため、Mn含有量の下限は0.005%とする。Mn含有量は、より好ましくは0.050%~0.200%である。
Pは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有させると鋼の電気抵抗が悪化する場合があるので、P含有量の上限を0.020%とする。P含有量を0.001%未満にすると、精練コストが多大となる場合があるので、P含有量の下限は0.001%とする。P含有量は、より好ましくは0.001%~0.010%である。
Sは、鋼の熱間加工性及び耐食性を低下させる元素であるから、少ないほど好ましい。さらに、本実施形態に係る鋼箔のような薄い鋼箔の場合、Sが多いと、Sの存在に起因する介在物によって電気抵抗が悪化したり、また、鋼の強度が低下したりする場合があるので、S含有量の上限は0.0100%とする。S含有量を0.0001%未満にすると、精練コストが多大となる場合があるので、S含有量の下限は0.0001%とする。S含有量は、より好ましくは0.0010%~0.0080%である。
Alは、鋼の脱酸元素として0.0005%以上を含有させる。過剰に含有させると、電気抵抗が悪化し、また、製造コストの増大を招く場合があるので、Al含有量の上限は0.1000%とする。Al含有量は、より好ましくは0.0100%~0.0500%である。
Nは、鋼の熱間加工性及び加工性を低下させる元素であるから、少ないほど好ましく、N含有量の上限は0.0040%とする。N含有量を0.0001%未満にすると、コストが多大となる場合があるので、N含有量の下限は0.0001%とする。N含有量は、より好ましくは0.0010%~0.0030%である。
本発明のNiめっき鋼箔の鋼箔は、さらにTi及び/又はNbを0.800%以下含有する。Ti及び/又はNbは、鋼中のC及びNを炭化物及び窒化物として固定して、鋼の加工性を向上させることができる。ただし、過剰に添加すると、製造コストの増大、及び電気抵抗の悪化を招く場合がある。好ましい含有量範囲は、Ti:0.010~0.800%、Nb:0.005~0.050%である。さらに好ましい含有量範囲は、Ti:0.010~0.100%、Nb:0.005~0.040%である。
本明細書で用いる用語「不純物」は、原料由来の不純物元素、Niめっき鋼板の製造中に混入する元素及び意図的に添加された元素であって、本発明の特性を阻害しない範囲の元素のことを意味する。本発明の実施形態に係る鋼箔では、本発明の特性を阻害しない範囲で不純物の混入が許容される。
鋼箔上の第1面及び第2面に付着したNiめっき層の厚みは、それぞれ、0.15μm以上である。Niめっき層の厚みが厚いほど、防錆性が向上し、鋼箔からの金属溶出性が改善されるが、コストは増加する。各面のNiめっき層の厚みは、2.00μmを超えても顕著な性能向上は認められないので、コスト対効果の観点から、Niめっき層の厚みの実質的な上限は2.00μmである。Niめっき層のより好ましい厚みは、0.20μm以上1.50μm以下である。
Niめっき鋼箔は正極集電体及び負極集電体のどちらにも好適に使用できるが、耐金属イオン溶出性に優れるという観点から、特に正極集電体として好適に使用できる。
Niめっき鋼箔以外の正極集電体及び負極集電体としては、例えば、ニッケル箔が挙げられる。
正極活物質層に用いられる活物質としては、例えば、水酸化ニッケルが挙げられる。
負極活物質層に用いられる活物質としては、例えば、水素吸蔵合金が挙げられる。
セパレータとしては、例えば、ポリオレフィン不織布、ポリアミド不織布が挙げられる。
これらの構成部材の他に、公知の外装容器、集電リード、電解液、導電助剤、バインダーを構成部材として使用することができる。
下記の成分を有するスラブA、Bを溶製した。残部は鉄及び不純物であり、単位は質量%である。
表1に示す成分組成のスラブA、Bから、通常の薄板製造方法により熱間圧延、冷間圧延を行い、板厚0.15mmの薄板を得た。
ニッケルめっきでは、硫酸ニッケル:320g/L、塩化ニッケル:70g/L、ほう酸:40g/Lを含むめっき浴を用い、浴温度:65℃、電解電流:20A/dm2の条件にて、通板速度の違いにより3.9~8.5μmのニッケルめっき層を鋼板の両面(第1面及び第2面)に形成した。次いで、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で保持温度820℃かつ保持時間40secで連続焼鈍処理を行った。
表2に示すように、各パス単位圧延荷重の最小/最大(kN/mm)に設定して、箔圧延操作を行った。上記操作により、鋼箔番号2~10の鋼箔を得た。
得られたNiめっき鋼箔の厚みを、電気マイクロメーターによって測定した。
得られた鋼箔のめっき厚みを、前記のグロー放電発行分光分析法によって測定した。結果を表2に示す。
得られたNiめっき鋼箔の引張強度を、JIS Z2241-2011に規定する金属材料引張試験方法に準拠する試験方法に基づいて測定した。
鋼箔番号2~10のめっき鋼箔の表面欠陥面積率を、前記のフェリシアン化カリウムを用いた試験方法に基づいて測定した。得られた試験片の第1面及び第2面の表面欠陥の写真を撮り、画像解析ソフトImageJを用いて二値化処理して、第1面及び第2面の欠陥面積率を数値化した。その後、解析機能を用いて青色斑点部の面積率を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
耐金属イオン溶出性を評価するために、鋼箔番号2~10の鋼箔に対して、定電位試験を行い、アルカリ中での24時間後の定電位電流値(μA/cm2)を測定した。
被浸漬サイズ:50mm角程度のサンプルの一端に、Ni線をスポット溶接して、接続部を寺岡製作所製、品番No.647、厚み0.05mmのサーキットテープにて保護した後、6N(規定)のKOH試験液を満たした蓋付テフロン(登録商標)製容器にサンプルを浸漬した。試験温度は65℃とし、+0.4Vvs.SHE、対極:Pt、参照極:アルカリ用水銀電極(BAS製RE-61AP)の条件で電位を印加した。使用装置:北斗電工製ポテンショスタットHA-151Bを用い、電圧印加24時間後までの電流変化を測定した。24時間後の定電位電流値が4μA/cm2以下の場合を合格とし、それ以外を不合格とした。結果を表2に示す。
実施例2では、冷間圧延後のNiめっき鋼箔に対し、熱処理を行って、3%以上の伸びが得られることを確認した。
〔試験用Niめっき鋼箔の準備〕
実施例1で溶製したスラブA、Bから実施例1と同じ薄板製造方法により熱間圧延、冷間圧延を行い、板厚0.15mmの薄板を得た。
Niめっきでは、実施例1と同じめっき浴を用い、同じ条件にて、通板速度を変えて、めっき厚み3.9~8.5μmのNiめっき層を鋼板の両面に形成した。次いで、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で保持温度820℃かつ保持時間40秒で連続焼鈍処理を行った。
表2に示すように、各パス単位圧延荷重の最小/最大(kN/mm)に設定して、箔圧延操作を行った。上記操作により、鋼箔番号11~20の鋼箔を得た。
箔圧延の操作後、表2に示す熱処理条件で、熱処理を行った。なお、表2中の熱処理温度及び熱処理時間の欄の「-」は、熱処理を行っていないことを示す。
得られたNiめっき鋼箔の厚みを、実施例1と同様に電気マイクロメーターによって測定した。結果を表2に示す。
得られた鋼箔のめっき厚みを、実施例1と同様、グロー放電発行分光分析法によって測定した。Niめっき層の厚みが0.15μm以上を合格とし、それ以外を不合格とした。結果を表2に示す。
得られたNiめっき鋼箔の引張強度及び破断伸びを、実施例1と同様、JIS Z2241-2011に規定する金属材料引張試験方法に準拠する試験方法に基づいて測定した。破断伸びが3%以上を合格とし、それ以外を不合格とした。結果を表2に示す。
鋼箔番号11~20のNiめっき鋼箔の表面欠陥面積率を、実施例1と同様、フェリシアン化カリウムを用いた試験方法に基づいて測定した。得られた試験片の第1面及び第2面の表面欠陥の写真を撮り、実施例1と同様、画像解析ソフトImageJを用いて二値化処理して、第1面及び第2面の表面欠陥面積率を数値化した。その後、解析機能を用いて青色斑点部の面積率を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
耐金属イオン溶出性を評価するために、鋼箔番号11~20の鋼箔に対して、実施例1と同様に定電位試験を行い、アルカリ中での24時間後の定電位電流値(μA/cm2)を測定した。
24時間後の定電位電流値が4μA/cm2以下の場合を合格とし、それ以外を不合格とした。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (6)
- 質量%で、
C:0.0001~0.0200%、
Si:0.0001~0.0200%、
Mn:0.005~0.300%、
P:0.001~0.020%、
S:0.0001~0.0100%、
Al:0.0005~0.1000%、
N:0.0001~0.0040%、
Ti及びNbの1種又は2種:それぞれ0.800%以下を含み、
そして残部がFe及び不純物からなり、Niめっき層を両面に有するNiめっき鋼箔であり、
前記Niめっき鋼箔の第1面及び第2面のNiめっき層の厚みが、それぞれ、0.15μm以上であり、
前記Niめっき鋼箔の厚みが、5μm~50μmであり、
引張強度が400MPa超1200MPa以下であって、
表面欠陥面積率が前記Niめっき鋼箔の前記第1面及び前記第2面ともに5.00%以下であることを特徴とするニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔。 - さらに、3%以上の破断伸びを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔。
- 前記Niめっき鋼箔の厚みが、10μm~30μmである請求項1又は2に記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔。
- 前記Niめっき鋼箔の第1面及び第2面の前記Niめっき層の厚みが、それぞれ、0.20μm以上1.50μm以下である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体用Niめっき鋼箔からなるニッケル水素二次電池集電体。
- 正極集電体上に、正極活物質層、セパレータ、負極活物質層及び負極集電体が順次積層されてなるニッケル水素二次電池であって、前記正極集電体及び前記負極集電体の少なくとも一方が、請求項5に記載のニッケル水素二次電池集電体である、ニッケル水素二次電池。
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| WO2013157598A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-24 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鋼箔及びその製造方法 |
| WO2013157600A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-24 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鋼箔及びその製造方法 |
| JP2013222696A (ja) | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-28 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | 二次電池負極集電体用鋼箔 |
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| WO2010064642A1 (ja) * | 2008-12-02 | 2010-06-10 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | ニッケル材及びニッケル材の製造方法 |
| WO2013157800A1 (ko) | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-24 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 인지 무선 통신을 위한 백업 채널을 관리하는 방법 및 장치 |
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| JP2014233868A (ja) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-15 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 巻取り形態のフィルム積層体 |
| CN107808962B (zh) * | 2016-09-08 | 2021-04-13 | Fdk株式会社 | 圆筒形碱性二次电池 |
| CN112368426B (zh) * | 2018-07-06 | 2023-06-30 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 表面处理钢板以及表面处理钢板的制造方法 |
| US20220209243A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-06-30 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Surface-treated sheet for alkaline secondary battery and method for manufacturing same |
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2021
- 2021-03-24 WO PCT/JP2021/012383 patent/WO2021200506A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-03-24 EP EP21779519.4A patent/EP4131513A4/en active Pending
- 2021-03-24 KR KR1020227029216A patent/KR102844132B1/ko active Active
- 2021-03-24 US US17/915,435 patent/US12334563B2/en active Active
- 2021-03-24 CN CN202180026786.2A patent/CN115362580B/zh active Active
- 2021-03-26 TW TW110111173A patent/TWI810538B/zh active
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| JPH06310147A (ja) | 1993-04-23 | 1994-11-04 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
| JPH06310126A (ja) | 1993-04-23 | 1994-11-04 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP2001085015A (ja) * | 1999-09-17 | 2001-03-30 | Sumitomo Metal Steel Products Inc | アルカリ蓄電池負極用多孔ニッケル箔およびその製造方法 |
| WO2013157598A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-24 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 鋼箔及びその製造方法 |
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| WO2016013575A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-01-28 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔、蓄電デバイス用容器及び蓄電デバイス、並びに蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の製造方法 |
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| WO2023210821A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-11-02 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 表面処理鋼箔及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202145627A (zh) | 2021-12-01 |
| KR20220132580A (ko) | 2022-09-30 |
| EP4131513A4 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
| US20230146305A1 (en) | 2023-05-11 |
| KR102844132B1 (ko) | 2025-08-08 |
| TWI810538B (zh) | 2023-08-01 |
| US12334563B2 (en) | 2025-06-17 |
| CN115362580A (zh) | 2022-11-18 |
| EP4131513A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
| CN115362580B (zh) | 2025-11-04 |
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