WO2021240917A1 - 分離膜複合体、分離膜複合体の製造方法および分離方法 - Google Patents
分離膜複合体、分離膜複合体の製造方法および分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021240917A1 WO2021240917A1 PCT/JP2021/006394 JP2021006394W WO2021240917A1 WO 2021240917 A1 WO2021240917 A1 WO 2021240917A1 JP 2021006394 W JP2021006394 W JP 2021006394W WO 2021240917 A1 WO2021240917 A1 WO 2021240917A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/028—Molecular sieves
- B01D71/0281—Zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0051—Inorganic membrane manufacture by controlled crystallisation, e,.g. hydrothermal growth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/105—Support pretreatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/106—Membranes in the pores of a support, e.g. polymerized in the pores or voids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/108—Inorganic support material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/0215—Silicon carbide; Silicon nitride; Silicon oxycarbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/04—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof using at least one organic template directing agent, e.g. an ionic quaternary ammonium compound or an aminated compound
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2256/245—Methane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/20—Specific permeability or cut-off range
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separation membrane complex, a method for producing a separation membrane complex, and a separation method using the separation membrane complex.
- a separation process in which a mixed gas (for example, a mixed gas of CO 2 and CH 4 ) is supplied to a zeolite membrane composite, and a highly permeable substance (for example, CO 2 ) is permeated to separate the mixed gas from the mixed gas. ing.
- the low permeable substance for example, CH 4
- the separation ratio that is, the permeation rate of the highly permeable substance is permeated by the low permeable substance. (Value divided by speed) may decrease. Therefore, International Publication No. 2014/157701 (Reference 1) and International Publication No. 2011/105511 (Reference 2) propose a method for producing a zeolite membrane having few defects.
- the defects are simply reduced in the zeolite membrane, even if a high separation ratio is obtained in the separation of the mixed gas under the low differential pressure condition where the difference between the supply side pressure and the permeation side pressure is small, the supply side pressure Under high differential pressure conditions where the difference from the permeation side pressure is large, it may be difficult to suppress the decrease in the separation ratio. Further, if an attempt is made to increase the separation ratio by reducing the defects of the zeolite membrane, the zeolite membrane must be thickened, and the permeation rate of the highly permeable substance in the zeolite membrane may decrease.
- the present invention is directed to a separation membrane complex, and an object of the present invention is to realize a high separation ratio not only under low differential pressure conditions but also under high differential pressure conditions.
- the separation membrane complex includes a porous support and a separation membrane formed on the support.
- the separation membrane contains small voids.
- the large void index I p is less than 100 ⁇ 10 -22.
- the small void index I k is the 20x10 -15 or more.
- the permeation rate of CH 4 when a mixed gas containing 50% by volume CO 2 and 50% by volume CH 4 is supplied at 25 ° C. is 8.0 MPaG on the supply side pressure and 0.0 MPaG on the permeation side.
- the permeation rate is less than 1.9 times the permeation rate when the supply side pressure is 0.3 MPaG and the permeation side pressure is 0.0 MPaG.
- the separation membrane is a zeolite membrane.
- the maximum number of membered rings of the zeolite constituting the zeolite membrane is 8 or less.
- the present invention is also directed to a method for producing a separation membrane complex.
- the method for producing a separation membrane composite according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a) a step of preparing a porous support formed by firing, and b) a step of heating the support at a pretreatment temperature. And c) a step of washing the support with a fluid after the b) step, d) a step of adhering a seed crystal on the support after the c) step, and e) the seed.
- the present invention comprises a step of immersing the support to which crystals are attached in a raw material solution, growing zeolite from the seed crystals by hydrothermal synthesis, and forming a separation membrane on the support.
- the pretreatment temperature is 400 ° C. or higher, and is less than 80% of the firing temperature of the support in the step a). This makes it possible to achieve a high separation ratio.
- the present invention is also directed to a separation method.
- the separation method comprises a) the step of preparing the above-mentioned separation membrane complex and b) supplying a mixed substance containing a plurality of types of gases or liquids to the separation membrane complex.
- the present invention comprises a step of separating a highly permeable substance in a mixed substance from other substances by permeating the separation membrane complex. This makes it possible to achieve a high separation ratio.
- the mixture is hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, water, steam, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur fluoride, mercury, alcine, hydrogen cyanide, It contains one or more substances among carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfides of C1 to C8, organic acids, alcohols, mercaptans, esters, ethers, ketones and aldehydes.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the separation membrane complex 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the separation membrane complex 1.
- the separation membrane complex 1 includes a porous support 11 and a zeolite membrane 12 which is a separation membrane formed on the support 11.
- the zeolite membrane 12 does not include, at least, a membrane in which zeolite is formed on the surface of the support 11 and in which zeolite particles are simply dispersed in an organic membrane.
- the zeolite membrane 12 may contain two or more types of zeolite having different structures and compositions.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is drawn with a thick line.
- parallel diagonal lines are attached to the zeolite membrane 12.
- the thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 is drawn thicker than it actually is.
- the separation membrane complex 1 may be provided with a separation membrane other than the zeolite membrane 12.
- the support 11 is a porous member that can permeate gas and liquid.
- the support 11 is a monolith type in which a series of columnar bodies integrally molded and provided with a plurality of through holes 111 extending in the longitudinal direction (that is, the left-right direction in FIG. 1). It is a support.
- the support 11 is substantially columnar.
- the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of each through hole 111 ie, cell
- the diameter of the through hole 111 is larger than the actual diameter, and the number of the through hole 111 is smaller than the actual number.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is formed on the inner surface of the through hole 111 and covers the inner surface of the through hole 111 over substantially the entire surface.
- the length of the support 11 (that is, the length in the left-right direction in FIG. 1) is, for example, 10 cm to 200 cm.
- the outer diameter of the support 11 is, for example, 0.5 cm to 30 cm.
- the distance between the central axes of the adjacent through holes 111 is, for example, 0.3 mm to 10 mm.
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the support 11 is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2 ⁇ m to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the support 11 may be, for example, a honeycomb shape, a flat plate shape, a tubular shape, a cylindrical shape, a columnar shape, a polygonal columnar shape, or the like. When the shape of the support 11 is tubular or cylindrical, the thickness of the support 11 is, for example, 0.1 mm to 10 mm.
- the support 11 is formed of a ceramic sintered body.
- the ceramic sintered body selected as the material of the support 11 include alumina, silica, mullite, zirconia, titania, yttria, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and the like.
- the support 11 contains at least one of alumina, silica and mullite.
- the support 11 may contain an inorganic binder.
- the inorganic binder at least one of titania, mullite, easily sinterable alumina, silica, glass frit, clay mineral, and easily sinterable cordierite can be used.
- the average pore diameter of the support 11 is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the average pore diameter of the support 11 in the vicinity of the surface on which the zeolite membrane 12 is formed is 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the average pore size can be measured by, for example, a mercury porosimeter, a palm porosimeter or a nanopalm porosimeter.
- D5 is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m
- D50 is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m
- D95 is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m. ..
- the porosity of the support 11 in the vicinity of the surface on which the zeolite membrane 12 is formed is, for example, 20% to 60%.
- the support 11 has, for example, a multilayer structure in which a plurality of layers having different average pore diameters are laminated in the thickness direction.
- the average pore diameter and sintered particle size in the surface layer including the surface on which the zeolite membrane 12 is formed are smaller than the average pore diameter and sintered particle size in the layers other than the surface layer.
- the average pore diameter of the surface layer of the support 11 is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the above-mentioned materials can be used as the material for each layer.
- the materials of the plurality of layers forming the multilayer structure may be the same or different.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is a porous membrane having fine pores.
- the zeolite membrane 12 can be used as a separation membrane that separates a specific substance from a mixed substance in which a plurality of types of substances are mixed by utilizing a molecular sieving action.
- other substances are less likely to permeate than the specific substance.
- the permeation amount of the other substance in the zeolite membrane 12 is smaller than the permeation amount of the specific substance.
- the thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. Thickening the zeolite membrane 12 improves the separation performance. Thinning the zeolite membrane 12 increases the permeation rate.
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the zeolite membrane 12 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the pore diameter of the zeolite crystal contained in the zeolite membrane 12 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “pore diameter of the zeolite membrane 12”) is 0.2 nm or more and 0.8 nm or less, more preferably 0.3 nm or more and It is 0.7 nm or less, more preferably 0.3 nm or more and 0.45 nm or less. If the pore diameter of the zeolite membrane 12 is less than 0.2 nm, the amount of the substance that permeates the zeolite membrane may be small, and if the pore diameter of the zeolite membrane 12 is larger than 0.8 nm, the selection of the substance by the zeolite membrane Sex may be inadequate.
- the pore diameter of the zeolite membrane 12 is the diameter of the pores in a direction substantially perpendicular to the maximum diameter of the pores of the zeolite crystals constituting the zeolite membrane 12 (that is, the major diameter which is the maximum value of the oxygen atom distance) (that is, the diameter of the pores). Short diameter).
- the pore diameter of the zeolite membrane 12 is smaller than the average pore diameter on the surface of the support 11 on which the zeolite membrane 12 is arranged.
- the minor axis of the n-membered ring pores is defined as the pore diameter of the zeolite membrane 12.
- the minor axis of the n-membered ring pore having the largest minor axis is defined as the pore diameter of the zeolite membrane 12.
- the n-membered ring is a portion in which the number of oxygen atoms constituting the skeleton forming the pores is n, and each oxygen atom is bonded to a T atom described later to form a cyclic structure.
- the n-membered ring refers to a ring having a through hole (channel), and does not include a ring having no through hole.
- the n-membered ring pores are pores formed by the n-membered ring.
- the maximum number of membered rings of the zeolite contained in the above-mentioned zeolite membrane 12 is preferably 8 or less (for example, 6 or 8).
- the pore diameter of the zeolite membrane is uniquely determined by the skeletal structure of the zeolite, and is described in "Database of Zeolite Structures" [online] of the International Zeolite Society, Internet ⁇ URL: http: // www. iza-structure. It can be obtained from the values disclosed in org / databases />.
- the type of zeolite constituting the zeolite membrane 12 is not particularly limited, but for example, AEI type, AEN type, AFN type, AFV type, AFX type, BEA type, CHA type, DDR type, ERI type, ETL type, FAU type ( X-type, Y-type), GIS-type, IHW-type, LEV-type, LTA-type, LTJ-type, MEL-type, MFI-type, MOR-type, PAU-type, RHO-type, SOD-type, SAT-type, etc. ..
- the zeolite is an 8-membered ring zeolite
- AEI type AEI type, AFN type, AFV type, AFX type, CHA type, DDR type, ERI type, ETL type, GIS type, IHW type, LEV type, LTA type, LTJ Zeolites of type, RHO type, SAT type and the like
- the type of zeolite constituting the zeolite membrane 12 is a DDR type zeolite.
- the zeolite constituting the zeolite membrane 12 contains, for example, aluminum (Al) as a T atom (that is, an atom located at the center of the oxygen tetrahedron (TO 4) constituting the zeolite).
- Al aluminum
- the T atom is only silicon (Si) or a zeolite composed of Si and Al
- the T atom is an AlPO type zeolite composed of Al and phosphorus (P)
- the T atom is Si.
- SAPO-type zeolite consisting of Al and P
- MAPSO-type zeolite consisting of magnesium (Mg), Si, Al and P
- ZnASPO of T atom consisting of zinc (Zn), Si, Al and P.
- a type of zeolite or the like can be used. A part of the T atom may be replaced with another element.
- Zeolite membrane 12 contains, for example, Si.
- the zeolite membrane 12 may contain, for example, any two or more of Si, Al and P.
- the zeolite membrane 12 may contain an alkali metal.
- the alkali metal is, for example, sodium (Na) or potassium (K).
- the Si / Al ratio in the zeolite membrane 12 is, for example, 1 or more and 100,000 or less.
- the Si / Al ratio is the molar ratio of the Si element to the Al element contained in the zeolite membrane 12.
- the Si / Al ratio is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 20 or more, still more preferably 100 or more, and the higher the ratio, the more preferable.
- the Si / Al ratio in the zeolite membrane 12 can be adjusted by adjusting the mixing ratio of the Si source and the Al source in the raw material solution described later.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the separation device 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of separation of the mixed substance by the separation device 2.
- a mixed substance containing a plurality of types of fluids that is, gas or liquid
- a highly permeable substance in the mixed substance is permeated through the separation membrane complex 1.
- the separation in the separation device 2 may be performed for the purpose of extracting a highly permeable substance (hereinafter, also referred to as “highly permeable substance”) from the mixed substance, and the substance having low permeability (hereinafter, “highly permeable substance”) may be extracted. It may be carried out for the purpose of concentrating (also referred to as "lowly permeable substance”).
- the mixed substance (that is, a mixed fluid) may be a mixed gas containing a plurality of types of gases, a mixed liquid containing a plurality of types of liquids, and a gas-liquid two-phase containing both a gas and a liquid. It may be a fluid.
- the mixed substances include, for example, hydrogen (H 2 ), helium (He), nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), water (H 2 O), water vapor (H 2 O), carbon monoxide (CO), and the like.
- Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) nitrogen oxides, ammonia (NH 3 ), sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), sulfur fluoride, mercury (Hg), arsine (AsH 3 ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sulfide
- High permeability material mentioned above is, for example, one or more substances of H 2, N 2, O 2 , H 2 O, CO 2 and H 2 S.
- Nitrogen oxides are compounds of nitrogen and oxygen.
- the above-mentioned nitrogen oxides include, for example, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitrous oxide (also referred to as dinitrogen monoxide) (N 2 O), and dinitrogen trioxide (N 2 O 3). ), Nitric oxide (N 2 O 4 ), Nitric oxide (N 2 O 5 ) and other gases called NO X.
- Sulfur oxides are compounds of sulfur and oxygen.
- the above-mentioned sulfur oxide is, for example, a gas called SO X (sox) such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and sulfur trioxide (SO 3).
- Sulfur fluoride is a compound of fluorine and sulfur.
- the hydrocarbons of C1 to C8 are hydrocarbons having 1 or more carbon atoms and 8 or less carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbons C3 to C8 may be any of a linear compound, a side chain compound and a cyclic compound.
- the hydrocarbons of C2 to C8 are saturated hydrocarbons (that is, those in which double bonds and triple bonds are not present in the molecule) and unsaturated hydrocarbons (that is, double bonds and / or triple bonds are molecules). It may be either of those present in it).
- Hydrocarbons of C1 to C4 are, for example, methane (CH 4 ), ethane (C 2 H 6 ), ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ), propylene (C 3 H 6 ), normal butane.
- the above-mentioned organic acid is a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid or the like.
- Carboxylic acids include, for example, formic acid (CH 2 O 2 ), acetic acid (C 2 H 4 O 2 ), oxalic acid (C 2 H 2 O 4 ), acrylic acid (C 3 H 4 O 2 ) or benzoic acid (C 3 H 4 O 2). 6 H 5 COOH) and the like.
- the sulfonic acid is, for example, ethane sulfonic acid (C 2 H 6 O 3 S) or the like.
- the organic acid may be a chain compound or a cyclic compound.
- the above-mentioned alcohols include, for example, methanol (CH 3 OH), ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), isopropanol (2-propanol) (CH 3 CH (OH) CH 3 ), ethylene glycol (CH 2 (OH) CH 2). (OH)) or butanol (C 4 H 9 OH) or the like.
- Mercaptans are organic compounds having hydrogenated sulfur (SH) at the end, and are substances also called thiols or thioalcohols.
- the above-mentioned mercaptans are, for example, methyl mercaptan (CH 3 SH), ethyl mercaptan (C 2 H 5 SH), 1-propanethiol (C 3 H 7 SH) and the like.
- ester is, for example, formate ester or acetic acid ester.
- ether is, for example, dimethyl ether ((CH 3 ) 2 O), methyl ethyl ether (C 2 H 5 OCH 3 ) or diethyl ether ((C 2 H 5 ) 2 O).
- ketone is, for example, acetone ((CH 3 ) 2 CO), methyl ethyl ketone (C 2 H 5 COCH 3 ) or diethyl ketone ((C 2 H 5 ) 2 CO).
- aldehydes are, for example, acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO), propionaldehyde (C 2 H 5 CHO) or butyraldehyde (butyraldehyde) (C 3 H 7 CHO) and the like.
- the mixed substance separated by the separating device 2 will be described as being a mixed gas containing a plurality of types of gases.
- the separation device 2 includes a separation membrane complex 1, a sealing unit 21, an outer cylinder 22, two sealing members 23, a supply unit 26, a first collection unit 27, and a second collection unit 28. ..
- the separation membrane composite 1, the sealing portion 21, and the sealing member 23 are housed in the outer cylinder 22.
- the supply unit 26, the first collection unit 27, and the second collection unit 28 are arranged outside the outer cylinder 22 and connected to the outer cylinder 22.
- the sealing portions 21 are attached to both ends of the support 11 in the longitudinal direction (that is, the left-right direction in FIG. 3), and cover both end faces in the longitudinal direction of the support 11 and outer surfaces in the vicinity of the end faces. It is a member to be sealed.
- the sealing portion 21 prevents the inflow and outflow of gas and liquid from the both end faces of the support 11.
- the sealing portion 21 is, for example, a plate-shaped or film-shaped member made of glass or resin. The material and shape of the sealing portion 21 may be changed as appropriate. Since the sealing portion 21 is provided with a plurality of openings overlapping the plurality of through holes 111 of the support 11, both ends of each through hole 111 of the support 11 in the longitudinal direction are covered with the sealing portion 21. It has not been. Therefore, gas and liquid can flow in and out of the through hole 111 from both ends.
- the shape of the outer cylinder 22 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a substantially cylindrical tubular member.
- the outer cylinder 22 is made of, for example, stainless steel or carbon steel.
- the longitudinal direction of the outer cylinder 22 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the separation membrane complex 1.
- a supply port 221 is provided at one end of the outer cylinder 22 in the longitudinal direction (that is, the left end in FIG. 3), and a first discharge port 222 is provided at the other end.
- a second discharge port 223 is provided on the side surface of the outer cylinder 22.
- a supply unit 26 is connected to the supply port 221.
- the first collection unit 27 is connected to the first discharge port 222.
- the second collection unit 28 is connected to the second discharge port 223.
- the internal space of the outer cylinder 22 is a closed space isolated from the space around the outer cylinder 22.
- the two sealing members 23 are arranged over the entire circumference between the outer surface of the separation membrane complex 1 and the inner surface of the outer cylinder 22 in the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the separation membrane complex 1.
- Each sealing member 23 is a substantially annular member made of a material that is impermeable to gas and liquid.
- the seal member 23 is, for example, an O-ring made of a flexible resin.
- the sealing member 23 is in close contact with the outer surface of the separation membrane complex 1 and the inner surface of the outer cylinder 22 over the entire circumference. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the sealing member 23 is in close contact with the outer surface of the sealing portion 21 and indirectly adheres to the outer surface of the separation membrane composite 1 via the sealing portion 21.
- the space between the sealing member 23 and the outer surface of the separation membrane complex 1 and the space between the sealing member 23 and the inner surface of the outer cylinder 22 are sealed, and the passage of gas and liquid is almost or completely impossible. Is.
- the supply unit 26 supplies the mixed gas to the internal space of the outer cylinder 22 via the supply port 221.
- the supply unit 26 includes, for example, a pressure feeding mechanism such as a blower or a pump that pumps the mixed gas toward the outer cylinder 22.
- the pressure feeding mechanism includes, for example, a temperature control unit and a pressure control unit that adjust the temperature and pressure of the mixed gas supplied to the outer cylinder 22, respectively.
- the first recovery unit 27 and the second recovery unit 28 include, for example, a storage container for storing the gas derived from the outer cylinder 22, or a blower or a pump for transferring the gas.
- the separation membrane complex 1 is prepared (FIG. 4: step S11). Specifically, the separation membrane complex 1 is attached to the inside of the outer cylinder 22. Subsequently, the supply unit 26 supplies a mixed gas containing a plurality of types of gases having different permeability to the zeolite membrane 12 to the inside of the outer cylinder 22 as shown by an arrow 251.
- the main components of the mixed gas are CO 2 and CH 4 .
- the mixed gas may contain a gas other than CO 2 and CH 4.
- the pressure of the mixed gas supplied from the supply unit 26 to the inside of the outer cylinder 22 (that is, the pressure on the supply side) is, for example, 0.1 MPaG to 20.0 MPaG.
- the temperature of the mixed gas supplied from the supply unit 26 is, for example, 10 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the mixed gas supplied from the supply unit 26 to the outer cylinder 22 is introduced into each through hole 111 of the support 11 from the left end in the drawing of the separation membrane complex 1.
- the highly permeable substance which is a highly permeable gas in the mixed gas, permeates through the zeolite membrane 12 provided on the inner side surface of each through hole 111 and the support 11, and is derived from the outer surface of the support 11. Will be done.
- the highly permeable substance for example, CO 2
- CH 4 low permeable substance which is a gas having low permeability in the mixed gas
- the gas derived from the outer surface of the support 11 (hereinafter referred to as “permeate”) is guided to the second recovery unit 28 via the second discharge port 223 as shown by the arrow 253. It is collected by the second collection unit 28.
- the pressure of the gas recovered by the second recovery unit 28 (that is, the pressure on the permeation side) is, for example, 0.0 MPaG.
- the permeable substance may contain a low permeable substance that has penetrated the zeolite membrane 12 in addition to the above-mentioned highly permeable substance.
- the gas excluding the substance that has permeated through the zeolite membrane 12 and the support 11 has each through hole 111 of the support 11 from the left side to the right side in the drawing.
- the gas is collected by the first collection unit 27 via the first discharge port 222.
- the pressure of the gas recovered by the first recovery unit 27 is, for example, substantially the same as the introduction pressure.
- the impermeable substance may include a highly permeable substance that has not penetrated the zeolite membrane 12 in addition to the above-mentioned low permeable substance.
- the impermeable substance recovered by the first recovery unit 27 may be circulated to the supply unit 26 and supplied again into the outer cylinder 22, for example.
- the zeolite membrane 12 has voids (also called defects) through which a low-permeability substance that is difficult to permeate the pores of zeolite can permeate. Therefore, in the separation of the mixed gas, the low-permeability substance that has permeated the voids is mixed with the permeation substance that has permeated the zeolite membrane 12. In other words, the voids reduce the separation ratio of the zeolite membrane 12 (ie, the permeation rate of the highly permeable material divided by the permeation rate of the low permeation material). Such a decrease in the separation ratio is remarkable under high differential pressure conditions in which the difference between the supply side pressure and the permeation side pressure is relatively large.
- the inventor of the present application has found that the above-mentioned voids of the zeolite membrane 12 can be classified into two types of voids having different degrees of influence on the decrease in the separation ratio.
- the voids of the zeolite membrane 12 are under the above-mentioned high differential pressure condition even under a low differential pressure condition (for example, a differential pressure of 0.3 MPa) in which the difference between the supply side pressure and the permeation side pressure is relatively small. Even at (for example, differential pressure 8.0 MPa), the permeation rate under the high differential pressure condition is significantly higher than the permeation rate under the low differential pressure condition with the first void where the permeation rate of the low differential pressure substance is substantially the same.
- a low differential pressure condition for example, a differential pressure of 0.3 MPa
- the permeation rate under the high differential pressure condition is significantly higher than the permeation rate under the low differential pressure condition with the first void where the permeation rate of the low differential pressure substance is substantially the same.
- the low differential pressure condition means the case where the differential pressure (that is, the value obtained by subtracting the permeation side pressure from the supply side pressure) is less than 1 MPa
- the high differential pressure condition means the case. This means that the differential pressure is 1 MPa or more.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram conceptually showing a part of the surface of the zeolite membrane 12.
- parallel diagonal lines are drawn on the surface of the zeolite membrane 12.
- the zeolite membrane 12 has a plurality of small voids 121 and a plurality of large voids 122.
- the gas diffusion mechanism becomes a Knudsen flow, and the gas permeation velocity F k (mol / (m 2 ⁇ Pa ⁇ sec)) is represented by the following equation 1.
- the gas diffusion mechanism becomes a Poiseuille flow
- the gas permeation rate F p (mol / (m 2 ⁇ Pa ⁇ sec)) is represented by the following equation 2.
- the gas permeation speeds F k and F p are the permeation flow rates of the gas per unit area and unit differential pressure.
- r k is the radius of one small air gap 121 (m)
- L is representative length of the small air gap 121 (i.e., the thickness of the zeolite membrane 12) (m)
- M is the molar mass (kg gas / Mol)
- R is the gas constant (J / (K ⁇ mol))
- T is the absolute temperature (K).
- the radius r k of the small void 121 is the radius when the surface of the zeolite membrane 12 is viewed from the direction perpendicular to the surface, and the small void 121 is approximated to a circle.
- Equation 2 r p is the radius (m) of one large void 122, L is the representative length of the large void 122 (that is, the film thickness of the zeolite membrane 12) (m), and ⁇ is the viscosity of the gas (Pa. sec), R is gas constant (J / (K ⁇ mol) ), T is the absolute temperature (K), P h is the supply side pressure (PaA), P l is the permeate side pressure (PaA).
- the radius r p of the large void 122 is the radius when the surface of the zeolite membrane 12 is viewed from the direction perpendicular to the surface, and the large void 122 is approximated to a circle.
- the representative length L of the small voids 121 and the representative length L of the large voids 122 are the film thicknesses of the zeolite membrane 12, but the actual lengths of the small voids 121 and the large voids 122 are It is not always equal to the film thickness of the zeolite membrane 12.
- the permeation rate F k and the flux j k small air gap 121 is not affected by the supply-side pressure and the permeate side pressure.
- the permeation rate F p and the flux j p of the large gap 122 is increased with increasing supply pressure and permeate side pressures.
- the inventor of the present application also found that the areas of the large voids 122 and the small voids 121 in the zeolite membrane 12 affect the separation ratio in the separation membrane composite 1 and the permeation rate of the highly permeable substance. Obtained. Specifically, when the total area of the large voids 122 in the zeolite membrane 12 increases, the separation ratio between the highly permeable substance and the low permeable substance in the separation membrane composite 1 decreases. Further, when trying to reduce the area of the small voids 121 in the zeolite membrane 12, the zeolite membrane 12 becomes thicker and the permeation rate of the highly permeable substance in the separation membrane composite 1 decreases.
- the present inventor has large void index I p indicating the existence ratio of the large voids 122 in the zeolite membrane 12, and focused on a small void index I k indicating the existence ratio of small voids 121 in the zeolite membrane 12.
- the surface area of the zeolite membrane 12 is S m (m 2 )
- the area of each small void 121 is Sk (m 2 ). It is shown by the number 5 of.
- the surface area of the zeolite membrane 12 is S m (m 2 ), and the area of each large void 122 (that is, the area per large void 122) is Sp (m 2 ). , It is shown by the following number 6.
- Surface area S m of the zeolite membrane 12 is the area of the entire exposed surface of the zeolite membrane 12 exposed to the through hole 111 in FIG. 2.
- the surface area Sm of the zeolite membrane 12 is the area of the entire region where the zeolite membrane 12 is formed.
- the surface area of the zeolite membrane 12 is the area of the entire rectangular region in the figure, and is a value including the areas of the plurality of large voids 122 and the plurality of small voids 121.
- a large void index I p is less than 200 ⁇ 10 -22.
- a large void index I p is less than 100 ⁇ 10 -22. This improves the separation ratio.
- small void index I k is the 10x10 -15 or more.
- the small void index I k is a 20x10 -15 or more.
- the upper limit of the small void index I k is not particularly limited, it is possible that a small void index I k is excessively large leads to a decrease in the separation ratio.
- small void index I k is preferably 5000x10 -15 or less.
- a porous support 11 is formed and prepared (step S21).
- step S21 for example, a raw material containing an aggregate material for the support 11, a pore-forming agent, a binder, and the like is prepared and mixed.
- water is added to the raw material and kneaded by a kneader to prepare a clay.
- the clay is molded by an extrusion molding machine or the like, and a molded body having a plurality of through holes 111 (see FIG. 1) is obtained.
- the molded product may be molded by a molding method other than extrusion molding.
- the molded product is baked after drying and degreasing. As a result, the above-mentioned support 11 is formed.
- the temperature (that is, the firing temperature) of the outermost layer of the molded product during the firing process is, for example, 1200 ° C to 1300 ° C, and 1250 ° C in this embodiment.
- the firing time is, for example, 6 hours to 10 hours.
- the conditions for the firing process of the molded product may be changed as appropriate.
- step S21 the support 11 is heated at the pretreatment temperature (step S22). Thereby, impurities such as organic substances adhering to the support 11 can be burned and / or decomposed and removed.
- the heat treatment in step S22 is performed in the atmosphere, for example.
- the pretreatment temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or higher, and is less than 80% of the firing temperature of the support 11 in step S21.
- the ratio (%) of the pretreatment temperature to the firing temperature is the ratio in degrees Celsius. If the pretreatment temperature is less than 400 ° C., there is a risk that combustion and decomposition of organic substances and the like will be insufficient.
- the pretreatment temperature is 80% or more of the firing temperature of the support 11, the firing of the support 11 proceeds, and there is a possibility that an adverse effect will occur when the zeolite membrane 12 is formed in step S26.
- the heating time in step S22 is, for example, 2 hours to 36 hours.
- step S22 the support 11 is washed with the fluid (step S23).
- the fluid may be, for example, a liquid such as water or alcohol, or a gas such as air.
- the support 11 may be washed with both a liquid and a gas. For example, 100 mL (milliliter) of ethanol is flowed on the surface of the support 11 to perform the first cleaning treatment, and then air is flowed on the surface of the support 11 for 1 minute with a dryer or the like to perform the second cleaning treatment. ..
- step S24 seed crystals used for forming the zeolite membrane 12 are generated and prepared (step S24).
- a raw material solution for seed crystals is prepared by dissolving or dispersing a raw material such as a Si source and a structure-defining agent (Structure-Directing Agent, hereinafter also referred to as “SDA”) in a solvent. ..
- SDA Structure-Directing Agent
- hydrothermal synthesis of the raw material solution is performed, and the obtained crystals are washed and dried to obtain a zeolite (for example, DDR type zeolite) powder.
- the zeolite powder may be used as a seed crystal as it is, or a seed crystal may be obtained by processing the powder by pulverization or the like. Note that step S24 may be performed in parallel with steps S21 to S23, or may be performed before steps S21 to S23.
- the seed crystal is attached onto the inner surface of the through hole 111 of the support 11 (step S25).
- the adhesion of the seed crystal to the support 11 is performed, for example, by immersing the porous support 11 in a dispersion liquid in which the seed crystal is dispersed in a solvent (for example, water or an alcohol such as ethanol). .. Immersion of the support 11 in the dispersion liquid may be repeated a plurality of times. Further, the seed crystal may be attached to the support 11 by another method different from the above.
- the support 11 to which the seed crystal is attached is immersed in the raw material solution.
- the raw material solution is prepared, for example, by dissolving a Si source, SDA, or the like in a solvent.
- the composition of the raw material solution is, for example, 1.0SiO 2 : 0.015SDA: 0.12 (CH 2 ) 2 (NH 2 ) 2 .
- Alcohol such as water or ethanol may be used as the solvent of the raw material solution.
- the molar ratio of SDA to the water contained in the raw material solution is preferably 0.01 or less.
- the molar ratio of SDA to water contained in the raw material solution is preferably 0.00001 or more.
- the SDA contained in the raw material solution is, for example, an organic substance.
- As the SDA for example, 1-adamantanamine can be used.
- the DDR-type zeolite membrane 12 is formed on the support 11 by growing the DDR-type zeolite around the above-mentioned seed crystal by hydrothermal synthesis (step S26).
- the temperature during hydrothermal synthesis is preferably 120 to 200 ° C, for example 160 ° C.
- the hydrothermal synthesis time is preferably 5 to 100 hours, for example, 30 hours.
- the support 11 and the zeolite membrane 12 are washed with pure water. After washing, the support 11 and the zeolite membrane 12 are dried at, for example, 80 ° C. After the support 11 and the zeolite membrane 12 are dried, the zeolite membrane 12 is heat-treated to substantially completely burn off the SDA in the zeolite membrane 12 and penetrate the fine pores in the zeolite membrane 12 (step S27). ). As a result, the above-mentioned separation membrane complex 1 is obtained.
- step S25 the seed crystal is placed on the surface of the support 11. It can be adhered uniformly and precisely. Therefore, at the time of forming the zeolite membrane 12 in step S26, the formation of the large void 122 due to the inhibition of the adhesion of the seed crystal by organic substances, residues and the like is suppressed.
- the total area of the small voids 121 may or may not be performed in steps S22 to S23. Does not change significantly.
- the large void index I p and the small void index I k of the separation membrane complex 1 were determined by the following methods. First, CF 4 is supplied to the separation membrane complex 1 using the separation device 2 described above, and the permeation flow rate per unit differential pressure of CF 4 permeating through the zeolite membrane 12 and the support 11 (mol / (Pa ⁇ sec)). ) Is measured. Then, the pressure on the supply side of the separation device 2 is changed a predetermined number of times, and the measurement of the permeation flow rate per unit differential pressure of the CF 4 is repeated.
- the permeation flow rate per unit differential pressure of CF 4 was measured in the state where the supply side pressure was 0.2 MPaA, 0.4 MPaA, 0.6 MPaA and 0.8 MPaA.
- the temperature of the supplied CF 4 was 25 ° C., and the permeation side pressure was 0.1 MPaA.
- the horizontal axis represents the supply pressure and the total pressure of the permeate side pressure (P h + P l) ( PaA), the vertical axis permeation flow rate per unit pressure difference CF 4 above ( The measurement results were plotted as mol / (Pa ⁇ sec)), and the slope and intercept of the approximate straight line 91 by the least squares method were obtained.
- Equation 7 the permeation flow rate J per unit differential pressure of CF 4 described above is shown by Equation 7.
- the slope of the approximate straight line 91 is the coefficient of the first term on the right side of the equation 7, and the intercept of the approximate straight line 91 is the second term on the right side of the equation 7. Therefore, the small void index Ik and the large void index Ip shown in the above equations 5 and 6 can be obtained from the intercept and the slope of the approximate straight line 91.
- the film thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 was used as described above.
- the film thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 was an arithmetic mean of the film thickness obtained by observing SEM (scanning electron microscope) images at three locations on the cross section of the separation membrane composite 1.
- the viscosity ⁇ of CF 4 was determined by the formula of Chapman-Enskog. The parameters used to calculate the viscosity ⁇ are those described in Revised 7th Edition Chemical Engineering Handbook p69-p71.
- the non-void portion of the zeolite membrane 12 does not permeate, and the gas that can permeate the large void 122 and the small void 121. May be used.
- the permeation side pressure may be changed, and the supply side pressure and the permeation side pressure may be changed.
- the CH 4 permeation rate ratio in Table 1 is a mixture gas containing 50% by volume CO 2 and 50% by volume CH 4 at 25 ° C., and the supply side pressure is changed in the separation device 2 to form the separation membrane composite 1. It was determined using the permeation flow rate (mol / sec) of CH 4 supplied and measured. Specifically, first, transmission rate (mol / sec), the value obtained by subtracting the partial pressure of the permeate side of CH 4 from the partial pressure of the supply side CH 4 of the measured CH 4 (i.e., min CH 4 By dividing by the pressure differential pressure) (Pa), the permeation flow rate (mol / (Pa ⁇ sec)) per unit differential pressure of CH 4 was obtained.
- the permeation flow rate per unit pressure difference CH 4 when the supply side pressure is 8.0MPaG the supply-side pressure is divided by the flux per unit pressure difference CH 4 when it is 0.3MPaG value was defined as the CH 4 transmission rate ratio.
- the permeation side pressure was 0.0 MPaG.
- the permeation rate of CH 4 (that is, the permeation flow rate of gas per unit area and unit differential pressure) (mol / (m 2 ⁇ Pa ⁇ sec)) is the permeation flow rate per unit differential pressure of CH 4 described above. , It is obtained by dividing by the surface area of the zeolite membrane 12.
- CH 4 permeation rate ratio the transmission rate of CH 4 in the high differential pressure condition (differential pressure 8.0 MPa), at a permeation rate of CH 4 in the low differential pressure conditions (differential pressure 0.3 MPa) It is divided.
- the relative permeation rate of CO 2 in Table 1 is 0.3 MPaG on the supply side and 0.0 MPaG on the permeation side, and a mixed gas at 25 ° C. containing 50% by volume CO 2 and 50% by volume CH 4 is separated.
- the permeation flow rate per unit differential pressure of CO 2 measured when supplied to the membrane composite 1 was obtained by dividing by the permeation flow rate of Example 1.
- the separation membrane complex 1 of Examples 1 to 5 was produced by the production method shown in steps S21 to S27 described above.
- the pretreatment temperature in step S22 was 500 ° C., and the heating time was 24 hours.
- the pretreatment temperature in step S22 was 450 ° C., and the heating time was 18 hours.
- the pretreatment temperature in step S22 was 420 ° C. and the heating time was 12 hours.
- the pretreatment temperature in step S22 was 400 ° C., and the heating time was 4 hours.
- the pretreatment temperature and heating time in Step S22 are the same as in Example 2, and the large void index Ip is about the same as in Example 1. Hydrothermal synthesis of the zeolite membrane 12 in Step S26.
- a large void index I p 3.74x10 -22 ⁇ 169x10 -22 i.e., 200 ⁇ 10 than -22
- small void index I k is 14.7x10 -15 ⁇ 59.7x10 -15 (i.e., 10x10 -15 or more).
- the CH 4 permeation rate ratio is as low as 0.80 to 1.2 (that is, less than 1.9), and leakage of CH 4 is suppressed even under high differential pressure conditions. Therefore, a high separation ratio is realized in the separation membrane complex 1.
- the relative permeation rate of CO 2 was as high as 0.6 to 1.0. Therefore, a high separation processing capacity is realized in the separation membrane complex 1.
- the separation membrane complex 1 includes a porous support 11 and a separation membrane (zeolite membrane 12 in the above example) formed on the support 11.
- the separation membrane contains a small void 121.
- the separation membrane complex 1 By reducing the total area of the large voids 122 in the separation membrane in this way, a high separation ratio can be realized in the separation membrane complex 1.
- the separation membrane complex 1 as can be seen from CH 4 permeation rate ratio of Examples 1-5, it is possible to realize a high separation ratio even at high differential pressure conditions.
- a high separation processing capacity can be realized in the separation membrane complex 1 as can be seen from the CO 2 relative permeation rates of Examples 1 to 5. Can be done.
- a large void index I p is preferably less than 100 ⁇ 10 -22.
- the small void index I k is preferably at 20x10 -15 or more. As a result, as can be seen from the CO 2 relative permeation rates of Examples 1 to 4, even higher separation processing capacity can be realized in the separation membrane complex 1.
- the permeation rate of CH 4 when a mixed gas containing 50% by volume CO 2 and 50% by volume CH 4 is supplied at 25 ° C. is such that the supply side pressure is 8.0 MPaG and the permeation side pressure is 0.
- the permeation rate when the pressure is 0.0 MPaG is preferably less than 1.9 times the permeation rate when the pressure on the supply side is 0.3 MPaG and the pressure on the permeation side is 0.0 MPaG.
- CH 4 permeation rate ratio described above is preferably less than 1.9. This makes it possible to provide a separation membrane complex 1 in which leakage of CH 4 (that is, a low-permeability substance) is suppressed under high differential pressure conditions.
- the thickness of the separation membrane is preferably 2.5 times or more and 7.5 times or less the average pore diameter of the surface layer portion (in the above example, the surface layer 33) of the support 11.
- the separation membrane it is possible to suppress the separation membrane from becoming excessively thick or excessively thin, and to reduce the total area of the large voids 122 while maintaining the total area of the small voids 121 to a certain size or more. ..
- a separation ratio in a suitable range and a permeation rate of a highly permeable substance can be realized.
- the surface layer 33 and the intermediate layer 32 may be omitted.
- the separation membrane is preferably a zeolite membrane 12.
- the separation membrane is preferably a zeolite membrane 12.
- the maximum number of membered rings of the zeolite constituting the zeolite membrane 12 is 8 or less.
- the method for producing the separation membrane composite 1 described above includes a step of preparing the porous support 11 formed by firing (step S21) and a step of heating the support 11 at the pretreatment temperature (step S22). After step S22, the step of washing the support 11 with a fluid (step S23), and after step S23, the step of adhering the seed crystal on the support 11 (step S25), the seed crystal adhered.
- the support 11 is immersed in a raw material solution, and a step (step S26) of growing zeolite from the seed crystal by hydrothermal synthesis to form a separation membrane (that is, a zeolite membrane 12) on the support 11 is provided.
- the pretreatment temperature is 400 ° C.
- the separation membrane complex 1 in which the total area of the large voids 122 in the zeolite membrane 12 is reduced. As described above, the separation membrane complex 1 can realize a high separation ratio.
- the step of preparing the separation membrane complex 1 (step S11) and a mixed substance containing a plurality of types of gases or liquids are supplied to the separation membrane complex 1, and the permeability in the mixed substance is high.
- a step (step S12) of separating a substance (that is, a highly permeable substance) from another substance by permeating the separation membrane complex 1 is provided. Thereby, as described above, a high separation ratio can be realized in the separation of the mixed substance.
- the mixed substances are hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, water, steam, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur fluoride, mercury, alcine, and hydrogen cyanide.
- the small voids 121 of the zeolite membrane 12 are not limited to those naturally generated in the process of forming the zeolite membrane 12, and may be intentionally formed in the production of the separation membrane composite 1.
- the large void 122 does not necessarily have to exist, and the large void index Ip may be 0.
- the small void index I k of the zeolite membrane 12 may be less than 10x10 -15.
- the thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 may be less than 2.5 times the average pore diameter of the surface layer portion of the support 11, or may be thicker than 7.5 times.
- the materials of the base material 31, the intermediate layer 32, and the surface layer 33 of the support 11, the average pore diameter, the average particle size of the aggregate particles, and the like are not limited to the above, and may be variously changed.
- a plurality of intermediate layers 32 having different average pore diameters and the like may be laminated between the base material 31 and the surface layer 33.
- the surface layer 33 or the intermediate layer 32 may be omitted.
- the surface layer 33 and the intermediate layer 32 may be omitted.
- the maximum number of membered rings of the zeolite forming the zeolite membrane 12 may be larger than 8.
- the zeolite membrane 12 may be formed of various types of zeolites.
- CH 4 permeation rate ratio in the separation membrane complex 1 may be 1.9 or more.
- the method for producing the separation membrane complex 1 is not limited to the above example, and may be changed in various ways.
- the separation membrane complex 1 may further include a functional membrane or a protective membrane laminated on the zeolite membrane 12 in addition to the support 11 and the zeolite membrane 12.
- a functional film or a protective film may be an inorganic film such as a zeolite film, a silica film or a carbon film, or an organic film such as a polyimide film or a silicone film.
- a separation membrane other than the zeolite membrane 12 (for example, the above-mentioned inorganic membrane or organic membrane) may be formed on the support 11.
- the separation membrane composite of the present invention can be used, for example, as a gas separation membrane, and further can be used in various fields as a separation membrane other than gas, an adsorption membrane for various substances, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
[関連出願の参照]
本願は、2020年5月25日に出願された日本国特許出願JP2020-090315からの優先権の利益を主張し、当該出願の全ての開示は、本願に組み込まれる。
11 支持体
12 ゼオライト膜
33 表面層
121 小空隙
122 大空隙
S11~S12,S21~S27 ステップ
Claims (9)
- 分離膜複合体であって、
多孔質の支持体と、
前記支持体上に形成された分離膜と、
を備え、
前記分離膜は、小空隙を含み、
前記分離膜の表面積をSm、小空隙の1つ当たりの面積をSk、大空隙の1つ当たりの面積をSpと表すとき、
前記小空隙の存在率を表す小空隙指数Ik=(Σ(Sk 1.5))/(Sm 1.5)が、10x10-15以上であり、
前記大空隙の存在率を表す大空隙指数Ip=(Σ(Sp 2))/(Sm 2)が、200x10-22未満である。 - 請求項1に記載の分離膜複合体であって、
前記大空隙指数Ipが、100x10-22未満である。 - 請求項1または2に記載の分離膜複合体であって、
前記小空隙指数Ikが、20x10-15以上である。 - 請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の分離膜複合体であって、
50体積%のCO2および50体積%のCH4を含む25℃の混合ガスを供給した場合のCH4の透過速度について、供給側圧力が8.0MPaG、透過側圧力が0.0MPaGである場合の前記透過速度は、前記供給側圧力が0.3MPaG、前記透過側圧力が0.0MPaGである場合の前記透過速度の1.9倍未満である。 - 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載の分離膜複合体であって、
前記分離膜はゼオライト膜である。 - 請求項5に記載の分離膜複合体であって、
前記ゼオライト膜を構成するゼオライトの最大員環数は8以下である。 - 分離膜複合体の製造方法であって、
a)焼成により形成された多孔質の支持体を準備する工程と、
b)前記支持体を前処理温度にて加熱する工程と、
c)前記b)工程よりも後に、前記支持体を流体で洗浄する工程と、
d)前記c)工程よりも後に、前記支持体上に種結晶を付着させる工程と、
e)前記種結晶が付着した前記支持体を原料溶液に浸漬し、水熱合成により前記種結晶からゼオライトを成長させて前記支持体上に分離膜を形成する工程と、
を備え、
前記前処理温度は、400℃以上、かつ、前記a)工程における前記支持体の焼成温度の80%未満である。 - 分離方法であって、
a)請求項1ないし6のいずれか1つに記載の分離膜複合体を準備する工程と、
b)複数種類のガスまたは液体を含む混合物質を前記分離膜複合体に供給し、前記混合物質中の透過性が高い物質を、前記分離膜複合体を透過させることにより他の物質から分離する工程と、
を備える。 - 請求項8に記載の分離方法であって、
前記混合物質は、水素、ヘリウム、窒素、酸素、水、水蒸気、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、窒素酸化物、アンモニア、硫黄酸化物、硫化水素、フッ化硫黄、水銀、アルシン、シアン化水素、硫化カルボニル、C1~C8の炭化水素、有機酸、アルコール、メルカプタン類、エステル、エーテル、ケトンおよびアルデヒドのうち、1種類以上の物質を含む。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN112752606A (zh) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-05-04 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 支撑体、沸石膜复合体、沸石膜复合体的制造方法以及分离方法 |
| JP7592846B2 (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2024-12-02 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 分離膜モジュールの評価方法 |
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| JP2010158665A (ja) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-07-22 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Ddr型ゼオライト膜配設体の製造方法 |
| WO2014157701A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-02 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 酸素8員環ゼオライト膜、ゼオライト膜の製造方法、及び酸素8員環ゼオライト膜の評価方法 |
| WO2016006564A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-10 | 2016-01-14 | 日立造船株式会社 | ゼオライト膜、その製造方法およびこれを用いた分離方法 |
| JP2019181456A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-24 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ゼオライト膜複合体、ゼオライト膜複合体の製造方法、および、分離方法 |
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| CN1319634C (zh) * | 2005-07-30 | 2007-06-06 | 大连理工大学 | 二氧化钛纳米管复合分离膜及其制备方法和应用 |
| JPWO2010106881A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ゼオライト分離膜配設体、その製造方法、混合流体の分離方法、及び混合流体分離装置 |
| WO2017159457A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 住友電工ファインポリマー株式会社 | 積層体の製造方法及び積層体 |
| JP2018015734A (ja) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | 東レ株式会社 | 吸着剤含有分離膜およびその製造方法 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010158665A (ja) * | 2008-12-10 | 2010-07-22 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Ddr型ゼオライト膜配設体の製造方法 |
| WO2014157701A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-02 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 酸素8員環ゼオライト膜、ゼオライト膜の製造方法、及び酸素8員環ゼオライト膜の評価方法 |
| WO2016006564A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-10 | 2016-01-14 | 日立造船株式会社 | ゼオライト膜、その製造方法およびこれを用いた分離方法 |
| JP2019181456A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-24 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ゼオライト膜複合体、ゼオライト膜複合体の製造方法、および、分離方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023238557A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-12-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 分離装置の運転方法および分離装置 |
| JPWO2023238557A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-12-14 |
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| JP7374320B2 (ja) | 2023-11-06 |
| DE112021001759T5 (de) | 2023-01-05 |
| US20230084665A1 (en) | 2023-03-16 |
| CN115666768A (zh) | 2023-01-31 |
| JPWO2021240917A1 (ja) | 2021-12-02 |
| BR112022022775A2 (pt) | 2022-12-13 |
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