WO2021125289A1 - ガス化炉の操業方法及びガス化炉 - Google Patents
ガス化炉の操業方法及びガス化炉 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021125289A1 WO2021125289A1 PCT/JP2020/047249 JP2020047249W WO2021125289A1 WO 2021125289 A1 WO2021125289 A1 WO 2021125289A1 JP 2020047249 W JP2020047249 W JP 2020047249W WO 2021125289 A1 WO2021125289 A1 WO 2021125289A1
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- gasification furnace
- slag
- gasifier
- containing compound
- alkali metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
- C10J3/487—Swirling or cyclonic gasifiers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
- C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
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- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
- C10J3/845—Quench rings
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
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- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
- F23J1/08—Liquid slag removal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J9/00—Preventing premature solidification of molten combustion residues
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
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- C10J2300/0986—Catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2214/00—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
- F23G2900/55005—Sensing ash or slag properties
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
Definitions
- the present disclosure discloses a gasification furnace operating method, a gasification furnace, a two-stage gasifier, a gasification method for organic raw materials, and a method for gasifying organic waste such as waste plastic, which can be suitably used for gasification treatment.
- the present invention relates to a two-stage gasification method for organic waste.
- Conventional gasifiers used for gasification of organic waste such as waste plastic, municipal waste, sewage sludge, waste FRP, biomass waste, automobile waste, and waste oil include hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas.
- a non-combustible substance separation chamber is provided below the combustion chamber of the gasifier in order to separate the gas containing the above and the slag containing the ash. Between the combustion chamber and the incombustible material separation chamber so that the residence time of the cooled gas is shortened, that is, the linear velocity of the gas is increased in order to suppress the de novo synthesis of dioxins in the gasifier.
- molten slag Most of the slag generated in the combustion chamber flows down along the side wall of the cylindrical combustion chamber in a molten state (hereinafter, the molten slag is referred to as "molten slag"), and the rest is caught in the gas. In this state, they all reach the non-combustible substance separation chamber through the throat section.
- the molten slag is coarse-grained by being rapidly cooled by the cooling water of the non-flammable substance separation chamber, and is extracted as coarse-grained slag from the slag discharge port at the bottom of the gasification furnace.
- the temperature in the combustion chamber may change, or the melting point or viscosity of the slag produced may change.
- a large amount of molten slag flows into the throat portion from the opening at the bottom of the combustion chamber at one time, and the throat portion or the cylindrical descending pipe connected to the throat portion so as to temporarily extend downward from the throat portion is provided. It may be occluded or the throat or cylindrical descending tube may become constricted.
- Fine slag droplets (slag mist) entrained in gas may adhere to the side wall of the connection between the throat and the nonflammable substance separation chamber, forming a large slag mass. If the slag mass falls into the non-flammable substance separation chamber, the slag discharge port of the non-flammable substance separation chamber may be blocked.
- the throat, cylindrical descending pipe or slag outlet is temporarily blocked, or if the throat or cylindrical descending pipe is narrowed, the internal pressure of the gasification furnace will increase, resulting in gasification from the viewpoint of safety. It may be necessary to shut down the reactor or reduce the supply of organic raw materials. If the slag outlet is blocked by a slag mass, the operation of the gasifier must be stopped and the inside of the non-flammable substance separation chamber must be cleaned, which reduces the operation efficiency.
- Patent Document 1 describes the operation of a gasification melting / reforming furnace in which waste is gasified and melted in a gasification melting / reforming furnace and the generated gas is gas reformed in a reforming furnace having a temperature of 1000 to 1300 ° C.
- the basicity of the ash CaO / SiO 2
- SiO 2- rich powder granule as a melting accelerator
- Patent Document 1 focuses on the ratio of calcium to silicon (basicity of ash), and the applicable waste composition is limited, for example, it cannot be applied to organic waste having a low calcium content.
- the operating temperature (combustion temperature) of the gasifier By lowering the operating temperature (combustion temperature) of the gasifier, it may be possible to increase useful components contained in the generated gas, such as hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas.
- the operating temperature of the gasifier is lowered, the fluidity of the molten slag is lowered, and the throat portion or the cylindrical descending pipe is more likely to be blocked or narrowed.
- the molten slag with reduced fluidity becomes larger droplets, falls, and is rapidly cooled by the cooling water in the nonflammable substance separation chamber to become coarse-grained slag having a larger diameter.
- the slag outlet may be easily blocked by the increased diameter slag.
- the present invention provides a method for operating a gasifier, a gasifier, a two-stage gasifier, a method for gasifying an organic raw material, and an organic substance, which enable stable operation of the gasifier for a long period of time.
- a two-stage gasification method for waste Provide a two-stage gasification method for waste.
- the present inventors reduced the viscosity of the slag by directly or indirectly injecting an alkali metal-containing compound into the gasification furnace, and blocked or narrowed the throat portion or the cylindrical descending pipe, or the gasification furnace.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that the obstruction of the bottom can be suppressed or prevented.
- the gasification furnace comprises directly or indirectly charging an alkali metal-containing compound into the gasification furnace to reduce the viscosity of the slag.
- Operation method [2] The method according to [1], wherein the alkali metal-containing compound is sodium silicate. [3] The method according to [2], wherein the sodium silicate is added in the form of an aqueous solution. [4] Either [2] or [3], wherein the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to sodium oxide (number of moles of silicon dioxide / number of moles of sodium oxide) in the sodium silicate is 0.4 or more and 4.5 or less. The method described in.
- a gasification chamber provided with an inlet for an alkali metal-containing compound.
- the viscosity of the slag is reduced by directly or indirectly injecting an alkali metal-containing compound into the gasification furnace to block or narrow the throat portion or the cylindrical descending pipe, or the bottom portion of the gasification furnace.
- an alkali metal-containing compound is directly or indirectly charged into the gasification furnace to reduce the viscosity of the slag. Including gasification.
- the gasification furnace is not particularly limited as long as it produces gas and slag from organic raw materials.
- the gasification furnace include an ash melting furnace (electric type, burner type, auxiliary material melting type, etc.) that melts residues such as ash after incinerating waste in an incinerator, and a gasification melting furnace (waste).
- ash melting furnace electric type, burner type, auxiliary material melting type, etc.
- gasification melting furnace waste
- Examples include a direct melting furnace that gasifies and melts waste at the same time, a fluidized bed type gasification melting furnace that melts waste after gasification, a kiln type gasification melting furnace, a pusher type gasification melting furnace, and the like).
- Classification of gasifiers by heat source includes, for example, electric melting furnaces (AC arc melting furnaces, AC electric resistance melting furnaces, DC electric resistance melting furnaces, plasma melting furnaces, induction melting furnaces, etc.), fuels.
- Combustion type melting furnace rotary surface melting furnace, reflection type surface melting furnace, radiation type surface melting furnace, swirling flow type melting furnace, rotary kiln type melting furnace, coke head type ash melting furnace, etc.
- direct combustion type melting furnace Coke head type waste melting furnace, thermal decomposition / swirling flow type melting furnace, internal type melting furnace, etc.
- the gasification furnace may be a high-temperature gasification furnace of a gasification plant (gasification reforming plant, etc.) that generates valuable gas (hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, etc.) from organic waste.
- the gasifier introduces a combustion chamber for gasifying or burning organic raw materials, a nonflammable substance separation chamber for cooling and recovering the produced slag, and an alkali metal-containing compound provided in the combustion chamber. Equipped with a mouth.
- the gasification furnace is preferably a swivel melting furnace.
- the gasifier is a two-stage gasifier that gasifies organic waste such as waste plastic, municipal waste, sewage sludge, waste FRP, biomass waste, automobile waste, and waste oil as waste. It is a high temperature gasification furnace in.
- slag containing synthetic gas also referred to as fuel gas
- fuel gas such as hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas and oxides such as aluminum, silicon, calcium and iron as ash
- the organic raw material is organic such as hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, tar, flammable carbonaceous particles (char), and particles containing nonflammable substances (ash). It may be put into a high temperature gasification furnace with a material other than the sex raw material.
- the organic raw material may be in the form of a flammable gas accompanied by flammable carbonaceous particles and particles containing nonflammable substances.
- the two-stage gasifier is a low-temperature gasification furnace that primary gasifies organic waste to produce organic raw materials, and a low-temperature gasification furnace that secondary gasifies the organic raw materials to generate gas and slag. It is equipped with a high temperature gasifier.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the gasifier (high temperature gasifier) of one embodiment.
- the gasification furnace is a swivel melting furnace and generally includes a combustion chamber 1 having a cylindrical shape, a throat portion 11, and a nonflammable substance separation chamber 12.
- the combustion chamber 1 has a side wall 2 provided with an organic raw material introduction port 3 and a gasifying agent introduction port 4 for supplying a gasifying agent (usually a mixed gas of oxygen gas and water vapor) for burning the organic raw material.
- the top of the combustion chamber 1 is provided with a top gasifier introduction port 5 for supplying oxygen or water vapor that may be insufficient at the top of the combustion chamber 1.
- two gasifying agent introduction ports 4 are shown in FIG. 1, the number of gasifying agent introduction ports 4 is not particularly limited.
- the organic raw material introduction port 3 and the gasifying agent introduction port 4 are arranged on the side wall 2 so that the organic raw material supplied to the combustion chamber 1 descends while swirling around an axis extending in the vertical direction of the combustion chamber 1.
- the organic raw material supplied to the combustion chamber 1 forms a swirling flow on the outer peripheral side containing a large amount of particulate combustibles and a swirling flow on the inner peripheral side containing a large amount of gaseous combustibles.
- a gasifying agent such as oxygen gas is supplied from the gasifying agent introduction port 4 of the side wall 2 toward the swirling flow on the outer peripheral side containing a large amount of particulate combustibles, so that the particulate combustible gas is supplied. Gasification is promoted.
- the periphery of the side wall 2 of the combustion chamber 1 is covered with a steel skin 6, and the outside thereof is covered with a cooling jacket 7 through which a cooling medium is passed.
- the side wall 2 is formed of a refractory (usually a castable refractory), but the surface may be scraped due to the erosion of molten slag or the like. In this case, erosion of the side wall 2 can be suppressed by cooling the temperature of the side wall 2 to around the melting point of the molten slag with a cooling medium and fixing the molten slag (self-coating with slag).
- the cooling medium is not particularly limited, but usually, boiler water is used, and a part of the boiler water exists as steam in the cooling jacket 7.
- the bottom 8 of the combustion chamber 1 is formed of a refractory (usually a castable refractory) like the side wall 2, and the throat portion 11 is arranged at the boundary between the combustion chamber 1 of the gasifier and the incombustible substance separation chamber 12.
- a refractory usually a castable refractory
- the throat portion 11 is arranged at the boundary between the combustion chamber 1 of the gasifier and the incombustible substance separation chamber 12.
- the opening 9 of the combustion chamber 1 is provided at the axial position of the combustion chamber 1, but the opening 9 is eccentric from the axial position of the combustion chamber 1 (opens around the axial position of the combustion chamber 1). It may be provided (so that the center of the portion is located).
- the upper part of the side wall 2 of the gasifier in which the thickness of the refractory tends to decrease is preferably lined with a castable of 10 to 80% by mass Cr 2 O 3- Al 2 O 3 system.
- the lower part of the side wall 2 of the gasifier and the bottom 8 of the combustion chamber 1 can be lined with castables of 10 to 30% by mass Cr 2 O 3- Al 2 O 3 system.
- the lower tip of the cylindrical descending pipe 14 connected to the throat portion 11 so as to extend downward from the throat portion 11 extends so as to be submerged in the cooling water of the water tank portion 16.
- the gas and molten slag passing through the throat portion 11 are blown into the cooling water of the water tank portion 16.
- a cylindrical ascending pipe 15 having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical descending pipe 14 is installed concentrically with the cylindrical descending pipe 14. The gas blown into the cooling water of the water tank portion 16 passes between the cylindrical descending pipe 14 and the cylindrical ascending pipe 15 and is recovered from the gas outlet 17 provided on the side surface of the nonflammable substance separation chamber 12.
- the cooling water of the water tank portion 16 is supplied from the cooling water introduction pipe 13.
- the cooling water supplied from the cooling water introduction pipe 13 flows down the inner wall surface of the cylindrical descending pipe 14 and collects in the water tank portion 16.
- the cooling water collected in the water tank portion 16 is discharged to the outside from the cooling water outlet 19 provided on the side surface of the water tank portion 16.
- the molten slag blown into the cooling water of the water tank portion 16 is rapidly cooled by the cooling water of the water tank portion 16 to become slag grains (coarse slag), and is taken out from the slag discharge port 18 provided at the bottom of the water tank portion 16. .
- the temperature of the cooling water is preferably 150 ° C. to 160 ° C. As a result, the hot gas and molten slag are rapidly cooled to 200 ° C. or lower.
- the cylindrical descending pipe 14 has a smaller inner diameter at the lower side, and the lower tip thereof is shown to have a sawtooth shape, but the shape of the cylindrical descending pipe 14 is not particularly limited.
- the inner wall surface of the cylindrical descending pipe 14 is preferably shaped so that the cooling water flows down while swirling. As a result, the high-temperature gas can effectively come into contact with the cooling water on the inner surface of the cylindrical descending pipe 14, and the gas can be efficiently cooled.
- the nonflammable substance separation chamber 12 shown in FIG. 1 is an example, and it is not necessary to cool the gas with cooling water.
- the heat of the gas may be recovered by a radiant boiler and used for power generation or the like.
- the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 of the gasification furnace is preferably 1200 ° C. or higher and 1600 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1250 ° C. or higher and 1550 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 1350 ° C. or higher and 1450 ° C. or lower.
- the pressure inside the gasification furnace is preferably 0.5 MPaG (gauge pressure) or more and 9.0 MPaG or less, and more preferably 0.8 MPaG or more and 2.0 MPaG or less. If the pressure inside the gasification furnace is 9.0 MPaG or less, an appropriate combustion temperature can be secured, and the gasification process can be economically performed without excessively increasing the equipment cost from the viewpoint of pressure resistance and heat resistance. be able to.
- the pressure inside the gasification furnace is 0.5 MPaG or more, the equipment can be downsized as compared with the case where the gasification treatment is performed at normal pressure.
- the alkali metal-containing compound may be directly charged into the gasification furnace, or may be indirectly charged into the gasification furnace by mixing with the organic raw material to be charged into the gasification furnace. It is preferable to directly charge the alkali metal-containing compound into the gasification furnace from the viewpoint of efficient utilization of energy related to transportation of the alkali metal-containing compound, etc., because the alkali metal-containing compound can be efficiently reached in the gasification furnace.
- an alkali metal-containing compound introduction port 10 is arranged on the side surface of the combustion chamber 1 of the gasification furnace.
- the alkali metal-containing compound introduction port 10 may be arranged in place of or in addition to the top gasifying agent introduction port 5 above the combustion chamber 1 of the gasifier.
- the number of alkali metal-containing compound introduction ports 10 may be plural.
- the alkali metal-containing compound can be directly charged into the gasification furnace from the alkali metal-containing compound introduction port 10. By charging the alkali metal-containing compound from the alkali metal-containing compound introduction port arranged on the side surface or the upper part of the combustion chamber 1, the alkali metal-containing compound can be effectively mixed with the organic raw material or the molten slag at a high temperature. it can.
- the alkali metal-containing compound introduction port 10 may be provided with a double pipe having an outer pipe and an inner pipe.
- the alkali metal-containing compound is dispersed, or the alkali metal-containing compound is in the form of an aqueous solution. In some cases, it can be atomized and put into the gasifier more uniformly.
- the alkali metal-containing compound introduction port 10 may be used as a double pipe, the alkali metal-containing compound may be supplied to the inner pipe of the double pipe, and the gasifying agent or water vapor may be supplied to the outer pipe of the double pipe.
- the alkali metal-containing compound introduction port 10 and the gasifying agent introduction port 4 or the top gasifying agent introduction port 5 can be provided at the same position in the gasification furnace.
- an alkali metal-containing compound introduction port is provided on the upstream side of the organic raw material introduction port 3, and the alkali metal-containing compound is used as the organic raw material from there. Can be added to and mixed.
- alkali metal-containing compound examples include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate.
- alkali metal silicates such as sodium silicate and potassium silicate.
- the alkali metal-containing compound is preferably a sodium-containing compound because it is inexpensive, more preferably sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate because it is stable during storage, and is a refractory material that forms the side wall 2 of the combustion chamber 1. Sodium silicate is more preferable because it has little effect on.
- the alkali metal-containing compound is preferably charged in the form of an aqueous solution because it can be easily charged directly into the gasification furnace or can be mixed more uniformly with the organic raw material.
- sodium hydroxide can be an aqueous solution of 5% by mass to 50% by mass.
- Sodium silicate can be added in the form of an aqueous solution, i.e. water glass.
- the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to sodium oxide in sodium silicate (number of moles of silicon dioxide / number of moles of sodium oxide) is 0.4 or more and 4.5 or less when sodium oxide is 1. It is preferable, it is more preferably 1.2 or more and 3.5 or less, and further preferably 2.3 or more and 3.3 or less. When the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to sodium oxide in sodium silicate is in the above range, the fluidity of slag can be effectively increased.
- the masses of silicon dioxide and sodium oxide are measured according to the method specified in JIS K 1408: 1966.
- the mass of silicon dioxide in sodium silicate is preferably 19.0% by mass or more and 40.0% by mass or less, more preferably 21.0% by mass or more and 35.0% by mass or less, and further preferably 23. It is 0.0% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less.
- the mass of sodium oxide in sodium silicate is preferably 5.0% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, more preferably 7.0% by mass or more and 25.0% by mass or less, and further preferably 9.0% by mass. It is 15.0 mass% or less.
- the specific gravity of sodium silicate at 15 ° C. is preferably 30 or more, more preferably 35 or more, still more preferably 38 or more.
- the specific gravity of sodium silicate is measured using only the heavy Baume scale specified in JIS Z 8804: 2012.
- the amount of the alkali metal-containing compound used is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 20.0 parts by mass or less, preferably 1.0 part by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the molten slag before the alkali metal-containing compound is added. It is more preferably 15.0 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 3.0 parts by mass or more and 12.0 parts by mass or less.
- the alkali metal-containing compound so that the temperature of the throat portion is higher than the melting point of the slag. As a result, it is possible to prevent the slag from solidifying in the throat portion and to eliminate or reduce maintenance work such as scraping the solidified slag.
- the silicon-containing compound (however, the silicon-containing compound corresponding to the above-mentioned alkali metal-containing compound, for example, sodium silicate and the like) may be directly charged into the gasification furnace, or the organic material to be charged into the gasification furnace. It may be indirectly charged into the gasification furnace by mixing with the sex raw material.
- the silicon-containing compound include silica sand, silicates other than alkali metal silicates, and siloxane compounds.
- the silicon-containing compound may be a fluid medium.
- the two-stage gasifier of one embodiment has a low temperature gasifier as a pre-process of the gasifier (high temperature gasifier).
- a fluidized medium such as silica sand, olivine sand, or alumina may be used.
- the flow medium used in the previous step may be charged into the gasification furnace by moving from the previous step along with the organic raw material.
- the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to sodium oxide (number of moles of silicon dioxide / number of moles of sodium oxide) in the low-viscosity slag is preferably 1.0 or more and 15.0 or less, and more preferably 2.0 or more. It is 10.0 or less, more preferably 2.5 or more and 8.0 or less.
- the sodium and silicon content of the slag is analyzed and when the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to sodium oxide in the slag (number of moles of silicon dioxide / number of moles of sodium oxide) is 2.5 or less.
- Add the alkali metal-containing compound As a result, the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to sodium oxide in the low-viscosity slag can be maintained within the above-mentioned preferable range, and the gasification furnace can be operated stably for a long period of time. Slag can be collected from the bottom of the gasification furnace. It is also possible to estimate the slag component from the components of the representative sample of organic waste or organic raw materials and the operation results of the gasifier.
- the low-viscosity slag preferably contains an alkali metal in an oxide equivalent of 1.5% by mass or more and 20.0% by mass or less, more preferably 3.0% by mass or more and 15.0% by mass or less, and further preferably. Includes 5.0% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less.
- the iron content of the low-viscosity slag is preferably less than 6.0% by mass, more preferably less than 5.5% by mass, still more preferably less than 5.0% by mass in terms of oxide (Fe 2 O 3). Is.
- the iron content of the low-viscosity slag is preferably less than 6.0% by mass, more preferably less than 5.5% by mass, still more preferably less than 5.0% by mass in terms of oxide (Fe 2 O 3).
- the main components of the slag are aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ).
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- the change in the melting point due to the change in the components of the molten slag exhibits behavior similar to that of the three-component system of aluminum oxide / silicon dioxide / sodium oxide.
- the composition of the alkali metal-containing compound necessary for reducing the viscosity of the slag and the composition of the alkali metal-containing compound necessary for reducing the viscosity of the slag are used by using a triangular diagram showing the relationship between the component ratio of the three-component system of aluminum oxide / silicon dioxide / sodium oxide and the melting point. The amount of addition can be determined.
- the components and composition of the molten slag before charging the alkali metal-containing compound are as follows.
- Al 2 O 3 10% by mass to 50% by mass SiO 2 : 20% by mass to 60% by mass Na 2 O: 0.1% by mass to 20% by mass
- CaO 1% by mass to 20% by mass
- TiO 2 1% by mass to 15% by mass
- Fe 2 O 3 1% by mass to 10% by mass
- the rest (MgO, etc.)
- the Na 2 O concentration of the slag during the gasification treatment is less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5.0% by weight, more preferably less than 3.0% by weight, even more preferably less than 1.5% by weight.
- the alkali metal-containing compound is added. Slag can be collected from the bottom of the gasification furnace.
- the two-stage gasification method of organic waste is to primary gasify the organic waste in a low temperature gasification furnace to produce an organic raw material, and to convert the organic raw material into a high temperature gasification furnace.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of a two-stage gasifier for organic waste including a gasifier of one embodiment.
- the two-stage gasifier includes a low-temperature gasifier 23 and a high-temperature gasifier 27.
- the high temperature gasification furnace 27 is a gasification furnace which is the subject of the present disclosure, and is as described above.
- the type of the low-temperature gasification furnace is not particularly limited, and is preferably a stoker furnace or a fluidized bed gasifier, more preferably a fluidized bed gasifier, and a pressurized fluidized bed gasifier. Is more preferable.
- the low temperature gasifier 23 is shown as a fluidized bed gasifier having a fluidized bed 24.
- Organic waste is not particularly limited, but consists of a group consisting of waste plastic, municipal waste, sewage sludge, biomass waste, waste fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), automobile waste, industrial waste, steel slag and solidified fuel. It is preferably at least one selected.
- organic waste is Refuse Derived Fuel (hereinafter also referred to as "RDF") using municipal waste as solidified fuel or Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel (hereinafter referred to as "RPF”) using waste plastic as solidified fuel. It is more preferable that it is RPF from the viewpoint of less variation in composition, high calorific value and low water content.
- a plurality of organic wastes may be combined.
- Coal, petroleum-based fuel, etc. can also be used as an auxiliary fuel for organic waste.
- the organic waste may be supplied to the low temperature gasification furnace 23 as pellets roughly crushed to a size of about 5 mm to 30 mm and compressed as necessary.
- the liquid organic waste can be supplied to the low temperature gasification furnace 23 as it is.
- a fluidized medium for example, sand such as silica sand and olivine sand, alumina, iron powder, limestone, dolomite, etc.
- a fluidized bed. 24 is formed inside the low temperature gasification furnace 23 .
- oxygen gas, air, water vapor, or a mixed gas thereof is generally used.
- the oxygen gas or air supplied as the fluidized gas b also acts as a gasifying agent for organic waste.
- the organic waste a supplied to the low-temperature gasification furnace 23 is quickly generated by oxygen gas or air supplied into the furnace in the fluidized bed 24 maintained at a temperature of 450 to 850 ° C. (for example, 600 ° C.).
- the heat generated by this partial combustion is used as heat for maintaining the temperature in the low temperature gasification furnace.
- the amount of air or oxygen supplied to the low temperature gasifier 23 is preferably 5% or more and 30% or less of the theoretical oxygen amount required for complete combustion of organic waste, and is preferably 10% or more and 20% or less. Is more preferable.
- the temperature inside the low-temperature gasification furnace 23 is preferably 450 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 600 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower. If the temperature inside the low-temperature gasification furnace 23 is 850 ° C. or lower, the metals contained in the organic waste whose melting point is higher than the fluidized bed temperature are regarded as unoxidized valuable metals from the bottom of the low-temperature gasification furnace. It can be discharged together with the fluid medium. When the temperature inside the low-temperature gasification furnace 23 is 450 ° C. or higher, the formation of tar and char is suppressed, and the gasification can proceed efficiently.
- the pressure inside the low temperature gasification furnace 23 is preferably 0.5 MPaG (gauge pressure) or more and 9.0 MPaG or less, and more preferably 1.0 MPaG or more and 2.0 MPaG or less.
- the pressure inside the low-temperature gasification furnace 23 is 9.0 MPaG or less, the gasification treatment can be economically performed without excessively increasing the equipment cost from the viewpoint of pressure resistance and heat resistance.
- the pressure inside the low-temperature gasification furnace 23 is 0.5 MPaG or more, the equipment can be downsized as compared with the case where the gasification treatment is performed at normal pressure.
- the fluid medium is discharged together with the incombustible material through the lock hopper 25, and the coarse incombustible material d is removed by the screen 26.
- the flow medium c from which the incombustibles have been removed is returned to the inside of the low temperature gasification furnace 23.
- Most of the metals (for example, iron, copper, aluminum, etc.) contained in the separated coarse incombustible material d are in a state where the fluidized bed 24 has a relatively low temperature and lacks oxygen. It is in an unoxidized state.
- the flammable carbonaceous material (solid carbon) generated by partial combustion of organic waste is finely pulverized by the stirring motion of the fluidized bed 24 and becomes particles (char) that accompany the flow of the organic raw material.
- a part of the non-combustible substance (ash) is also finely pulverized by the stirring motion of the fluidized bed 24 to become particles and accompany the flow of the organic raw material.
- the organic raw material e in which particles containing nonflammable substances and flammable carbonaceous particles are suspended is supplied to the combustion chamber 1 from the organic raw material introduction port 3 of the high temperature gasification furnace 27 and descends while swirling.
- the organic raw material and the flammable carbonaceous particles are burned by the gasifying agent (mixed gas of oxygen gas and water vapor) f supplied from the gasifying agent introduction port 4 and the top gasifying agent introduction port 5.
- the temperature inside the combustion chamber 1 is maintained at 1300 to 1500 ° C. by the heat of combustion of the organic raw material and the flammable carbonaceous particles.
- Combustion of flammable carbonaceous particles produces carbon monoxide gas and carbon dioxide gas.
- Carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas are also produced by the water gasification reaction between the water vapor contained in the gasifying agent and the flammable carbonaceous particles.
- Syngas hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, and carbon dioxide gas
- molten slag are rapidly cooled in the nonflammable substance separation chamber 12
- synthetic gas is discharged from the gas outlet 17
- slag grains coarse grain slag
- the gas and solid matter are previously mixed with a cyclone or the like before being supplied to the high temperature gasification furnace 27. It is preferable to separate and introduce the gas from the organic raw material introduction port 3 and the solid substance together with the gasifying agent f from the top gasifying agent introduction port 5 into the combustion chamber 1 of the high temperature gasifier 27.
- the flammable carbonaceous particles in the solid matter preferentially come into contact with the gasifying agent. The amount of combustion carbon generated can be reduced.
- the synthetic gas h taken out from the gas outlet 17 of the high-temperature gasification furnace 27 is washed by the scrubber 31, and a small amount of residual slag (slag mist) accompanying the synthetic gas h is removed.
- the carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas contained in the synthetic gas h'cleaned with the scrubber 31 can be used as raw materials for various chemical industries.
- Hydrogen gas obtained by gasifying organic waste with a two-stage gasifier can also be used as a hydrogen source for ammonia synthesis.
- the slag collected in the scrubber 31 is settled and concentrated in the storage tank 32 and discharged to the outside as fine slag g f. Since the fine slag g f contains a large amount of flammable carbonaceous particles, it is preferable to resupply it to the high temperature gasification furnace.
- the slag grains g taken out from the slag discharge port 18 of the high-temperature gasification furnace 27 are appropriately discharged to the storage tank 29 by the lock hopper 28.
- the coarse-grained slag recovered here is separated from water by the screen 30.
- the coarse-grained slag g c can be used as a material for cement and civil engineering and construction.
- the alkali metal-containing compound m can be directly charged into the high-temperature gasification furnace 27 from the alkali metal-containing compound introduction port 10 provided in the high-temperature gasification furnace 27.
- the alkali metal-containing compound m may be introduced in the middle of the line connecting the low-temperature gasification furnace 23 and the high-temperature gasification furnace 27, and the alkali metal-containing compound may be added to the organic raw material.
- Carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas contained in the synthetic gas taken out from the gas outlet 17 of the high temperature gasifier can be used as raw materials for various chemical industries.
- hydrogen gas can be obtained by a CO conversion reaction to produce ammonia gas.
- reagents used The following reagents were used as alkali metal-containing compounds.
- Sodium silicate manufactured by Toyo Soda Co., Ltd., SiO 2 : 23.7 to 26%, Na 2 O: 10.3 to 11.3%
- Sodium hydroxide manufactured by Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade
- the softening point, melting point, and melting point of the slag are determined in accordance with JIS M 8801: 2004, after the sample obtained by pulverizing the slag into fine powder using a mill is incinerated at 800 ° C. for 5 hours. , The measurement was performed in a mixed gas atmosphere with a volume ratio of hydrogen: carbon dioxide of 1: 1 using a Lights high-temperature heating microscope.
- ICP-AES analysis The entire amount of the acid decomposition solution obtained by microwave thermal decomposition was transferred to a 250 mL volumetric flask, and the volumetric flask was adjusted to 250 mL with ultrapure water (Direct-Q UV manufactured by Merck). 10 mL was collected from the sample, and the volumetric flask was further increased to 100 mL as an analysis sample. An analytical sample was measured using ICP-AES (ICPS-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) in accordance with JIS K 0116: 2014, and the amount of Cr elution was quantified.
- ICP-AES ICPS-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- Refractory material test A refractory castable (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm) is fired in an electric furnace at 110 ° C. for 3 hours and 1000 ° C. for 3 hours, immersed in 300 g of an immersion liquid, and then the Cr concentration in the immersion liquid is measured. did. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the treatment amount of organic waste is 5 t / h
- the gas temperature at the outlet of the combustion chamber of the high temperature gasifier is 1450 ° C
- the pressure inside the furnace is 0.9 MPaG.
- the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is directly charged into the high temperature gasifier from the side pipe (alkali metal-containing compound introduction port) of the high temperature gasifier at a supply amount of 150 L / h, and the two-stage gasifier is operated for 0.5 months. did.
- the high temperature gasifier was opened after the shutdown, the thickness of the refractory material was reduced.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
有機性原料が投入されてガス及びスラグを生成するガス化炉において、前記ガス化炉に直接又は間接にアルカリ金属含有化合物を投入して前記スラグを低粘度化することを含む、ガス化炉の操業方法。
[2]
前記アルカリ金属含有化合物がケイ酸ナトリウムである、[1]に記載の方法。
[3]
前記ケイ酸ナトリウムが水溶液の形態で投入される、[2]に記載の方法。
[4]
前記ケイ酸ナトリウム中の二酸化ケイ素と酸化ナトリウムのモル比(二酸化ケイ素のモル数/酸化ナトリウムのモル数)が、0.4以上4.5以下である、[2]又は[3]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[5]
前記ガス化炉に直接又は間接にケイ素含有化合物を投入することを含む、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[6]
前記ケイ素含有化合物が流動媒体である、[5]に記載の方法。
[7]
低粘度化した前記スラグ中の二酸化ケイ素と酸化ナトリウムのモル比(二酸化ケイ素のモル数/酸化ナトリウムのモル数)が1.0以上15.0以下である、[2]~[6]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[8]
低粘度化した前記スラグがアルカリ金属を酸化物換算で1.5質量%~20.0質量%含む、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[9]
前記スラグのナトリウム及びケイ素の含有量を分析すること、
前記スラグ中の二酸化ケイ素と酸化ナトリウムのモル比(二酸化ケイ素のモル数/酸化ナトリウムのモル数)が2.5以下のときに、前記アルカリ金属含有化合物を投入することを含む、[2]~[8]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[10]
前記アルカリ金属含有化合物を前記有機性原料と混合して前記ガス化炉に投入することを含む、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[11]
有機性原料からガス及びスラグを生成するガス化炉であって、前記有機性原料をガス化又は燃焼させる燃焼室と、生成したスラグを冷却及び回収する不燃性物質分離室と、前記燃焼室に設けられたアルカリ金属含有化合物の導入口とを備える、ガス化炉。
[12]
前記導入口が外管及び内管を有する二重管を備え、前記アルカリ金属含有化合物が内管に供給され、不活性ガスが外管に供給される、[11]に記載のガス化炉。
[13]
前記導入口が前記燃焼室の側面に配置されている、[11]又は[12]のいずれかに記載のガス化炉。
[14]
前記ガス化炉が旋回式溶融炉である、[11]~[13]のいずれかに記載のガス化炉。
[15]
有機性廃棄物を一次ガス化して有機性原料を生成する低温ガス化炉と、前記低温ガス化炉で生成した前記有機性原料を二次ガス化してガス及びスラグを生成する高温ガス化炉とを備える有機性廃棄物の二段ガス化装置であって、前記高温ガス化炉が[11]~[14]のいずれかに記載のガス化炉である、二段ガス化装置。
[16]
前記低温ガス化炉が流動床ガス化炉である、[15]に記載の二段ガス化装置。
[17]
低温ガス化炉内で有機性廃棄物を一次ガス化して有機性原料を生成することと、前記有機性原料を高温ガス化炉に投入することと、前記高温ガス化炉内で前記有機性原料を二次ガス化してガス及びスラグを生成することとを含む、有機性廃棄物の二段ガス化方法であって、前記高温ガス化炉に直接又は間接にアルカリ金属含有化合物を投入して前記スラグを低粘度化することを含む、方法。
[18]
前記高温ガス化炉が[11]~[14]のいずれかに記載のガス化炉である、[17]に記載の方法。
[19]
前記低温ガス化炉が流動床ガス化炉である、[17]又は[18]のいずれかに記載の方法。
Al2O3:10質量%~50質量%
SiO2:20質量%~60質量%
Na2O:0.1質量%~20質量%
CaO:1質量%~20質量%
TiO2:1質量%~15質量%
Fe2O3:1質量%~10質量%
残部(MgOなど)
アルカリ金属含有化合物として以下の試薬を使用した。
ケイ酸ナトリウム(東洋珪酸曹達株式会社製、SiO2:23.7~26%、Na2O:10.3~11.3%)
水酸化ナトリウム(純正化学株式会社製、特級)
スラグの軟化点、融点、及び溶流点は、JIS M 8801:2004に準拠して、ミルを用いてスラグを微粉状に粉砕して得られたサンプルを800℃で5時間灰化処理した後に、ライツ高温加熱顕微鏡を用いて、水素:二酸化炭素の体積比が1:1の混合ガス雰囲気下にて測定した。
耐火材キャスタブルをケイ酸ナトリウム又は水酸化ナトリウムを含む浸漬液に浸漬したときのCr溶出量を以下の手順で測定した。
耐火材キャスタブルを浸漬した後の浸漬液0.1g、リン酸(純正化学株式会社製、特級)6mL、塩酸(純正化学株式会社製、特級)4mL、フッ酸(純正化学株式会社製、特級46%~48%)2.5mL、及び硝酸(関東化学株式会社製、電子工業用硝酸1.42EL)2mLをマイクロウェーブ分解容器(株式会社アクタック製、MWS3+)に入れた。
マイクロウェーブ分解容器に入った溶液のマイクロウェーブ加熱分解を以下の(i)から(iv)の一連の操作を2回繰り返して酸分解液を得た。
(i)5分間で190℃まで上昇させ、5分間190℃維持する
(ii)2分間で210℃まで上昇させ、5分間210℃維持する
(iii)2分間で230℃まで上昇させ、25分間230℃維持する
(iv)1分間で100℃まで下げる
マイクロウェーブ加熱分解により得られた酸分解液を250mLのメスフラスコに全量移し、超純水(メルク社製、Direct-Q UV)で250mLまでメスアップし、メスアップしたものから10mL採取し、更に100mLにメスアップしたものを分析サンプルとした。JIS K 0116:2014に準拠して、ICP-AES(株式会社島津製作所製、ICPS-8100)を用いて分析サンプルを測定し、Cr溶出量を定量した。
図2に示す二段ガス化装置の高温ガス化炉底部より採取したスラグ(実機スラグ1~3、アルカリ金属含有化合物は非投入)、及び実機スラグ1又は3に表1に記載のアルカリ金属含有化合物を添加したものを用いて、軟化点、融点、及び溶流点を測定した。スラグの組成及び測定結果を表1に示す。
耐火材キャスタブル(10cm×10cm×10cm)を電気炉にて110℃で3時間、1000℃で3時間焼成し、300gの浸漬液に浸漬した後、浸漬液中のCr濃度を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
図2に示す二段ガス化装置を、有機性廃棄物の処理量を5t/hとし、高温ガス化炉の燃焼室出口のガス温度を1450℃、炉内圧力を0.9MPaGとして運転しながら、高温ガス化炉の側管(アルカリ金属含有化合物導入口)から直接高温ガス化炉にケイ酸ナトリウムを100L/hの供給量で投入し、二段ガス化装置を6か月間運転した。停止後に高温ガス化炉を開けたところ、耐火材への影響は見られなかった。
2 側面壁
3 有機性原料導入口
4 ガス化剤導入口
5 頂部ガス化剤導入口
6 鋼皮
7 冷却ジャケット
8 底部
9 開口部
10 アルカリ金属含有化合物導入口
11 スロート部
12 不燃性物質分離室
13 冷却水導入管
14 円筒状下降管
15 円筒状上昇管
16 水槽部
17 ガス取出し口
18 スラグ排出口
19 冷却水取出し口
23 低温ガス化炉
24 流動層
25 ロックホッパ
26 スクリーン
27 高温ガス化炉
28 ロックホッパ
29 貯留槽
30 スクリーン
31 スクラバ
32 貯留槽
Claims (19)
- 有機性原料が投入されてガス及びスラグを生成するガス化炉において、前記ガス化炉に直接又は間接にアルカリ金属含有化合物を投入して前記スラグを低粘度化することを含む、ガス化炉の操業方法。
- 前記アルカリ金属含有化合物がケイ酸ナトリウムである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ酸ナトリウムが水溶液の形態で投入される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ酸ナトリウム中の二酸化ケイ素と酸化ナトリウムのモル比(二酸化ケイ素のモル数/酸化ナトリウムのモル数)が、0.4以上4.5以下である、請求項2又は3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ガス化炉に直接又は間接にケイ素含有化合物を投入することを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ素含有化合物が流動媒体である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 低粘度化した前記スラグ中の二酸化ケイ素と酸化ナトリウムのモル比(二酸化ケイ素のモル数/酸化ナトリウムのモル数)が1.0以上15.0以下である、請求項2~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 低粘度化した前記スラグがアルカリ金属を酸化物換算で1.5質量%~20.0質量%含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記スラグのナトリウム及びケイ素の含有量を分析すること、
前記スラグ中の二酸化ケイ素と酸化ナトリウムのモル比(二酸化ケイ素のモル数/酸化ナトリウムのモル数)が2.5以下のときに、前記アルカリ金属含有化合物を投入することを含む、請求項2~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記アルカリ金属含有化合物を前記有機性原料と混合して前記ガス化炉に投入することを含む、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 有機性原料からガス及びスラグを生成するガス化炉であって、前記有機性原料をガス化又は燃焼させる燃焼室と、生成したスラグを冷却及び回収する不燃性物質分離室と、前記燃焼室に設けられたアルカリ金属含有化合物の導入口とを備える、ガス化炉。
- 前記導入口が外管及び内管を有する二重管を備え、前記アルカリ金属含有化合物が内管に供給され、不活性ガスが外管に供給される、請求項11に記載のガス化炉。
- 前記導入口が前記燃焼室の側面に配置されている、請求項11又は12のいずれかに記載のガス化炉。
- 前記ガス化炉が旋回式溶融炉である、請求項11~13のいずれか一項に記載のガス化炉。
- 有機性廃棄物を一次ガス化して有機性原料を生成する低温ガス化炉と、前記低温ガス化炉で生成した前記有機性原料を二次ガス化してガス及びスラグを生成する高温ガス化炉とを備える有機性廃棄物の二段ガス化装置であって、前記高温ガス化炉が請求項11~14のいずれか一項に記載のガス化炉である、二段ガス化装置。
- 前記低温ガス化炉が流動床ガス化炉である、請求項15に記載の二段ガス化装置。
- 低温ガス化炉内で有機性廃棄物を一次ガス化して有機性原料を生成することと、前記有機性原料を高温ガス化炉に投入することと、前記高温ガス化炉内で前記有機性原料を二次ガス化してガス及びスラグを生成することとを含む、有機性廃棄物の二段ガス化方法であって、前記高温ガス化炉に直接又は間接にアルカリ金属含有化合物を投入して前記スラグを低粘度化することを含む、方法。
- 前記高温ガス化炉が請求項11~14のいずれか一項に記載のガス化炉である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記低温ガス化炉が流動床ガス化炉である、請求項17又は18のいずれかに記載の方法。
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