WO2021193072A1 - コンニャクゲル及びその製造方法並びに該コンニャクゲルを用いたエビ様食品及びエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法 - Google Patents
コンニャクゲル及びその製造方法並びに該コンニャクゲルを用いたエビ様食品及びエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021193072A1 WO2021193072A1 PCT/JP2021/009609 JP2021009609W WO2021193072A1 WO 2021193072 A1 WO2021193072 A1 WO 2021193072A1 JP 2021009609 W JP2021009609 W JP 2021009609W WO 2021193072 A1 WO2021193072 A1 WO 2021193072A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/40—Shell-fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/80—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/90—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/90—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B2/92—Freeze drying
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/90—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B2/97—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution using irradiation or electric treatment, e.g. ultrasonic waves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/22—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising
- A23J3/225—Texturised simulated foods with high protein content
- A23J3/227—Meat-like textured foods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/70—Comminuted, e.g. emulsified, fish products; Processed products therefrom such as pastes, reformed or compressed products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
- A23L19/115—Konjak; Konntaku
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/244—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from corms, tubers or roots, e.g. glucomannan
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
- A23L5/13—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using water or steam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a konjak gel having a shrimp-like texture, a shrimp-like food using the konjak gel, and a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 are disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 relates to a method for producing a low-protein shrimp or crab-like food having a shrimp or crab-like texture for patients with restricted protein intake, and 1 part by weight of konjac fine powder, Step A in which water and a base are added to 0.5 to 4 parts by weight of water-insoluble dietary fiber having a fiber length of 100 ⁇ m or less and gelled in hot water, and the gelled product obtained in step A is 5 mm or less. Step B of cutting into, step C of mixing konjac fine powder and water with the cut product obtained in step B, and step D of gelling the molded product obtained in step C in hot water.
- a method for producing a low-protein shrimp or konjac-like food, which is characterized by containing, is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 relates to a shrimp substitute food that can be used as a substitute for shrimp whose price is rising, and after mixing and heating konjac flour, starch containing 90% by weight or more of amylopectin, an alkaline agent and water.
- Shrimp substitute foods that are frozen and manufactured are disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 relates to a method for producing a shrimp substitute food having a shrimp-like texture, and comprises 1 to 10% by weight of wheat starch and / or high amylose cornstarch, 1.5 to 8% by weight of konjak flour, and 1 cellulose. Disclosed is a method for producing a shrimp substitute food in which ⁇ 7% by weight, an alkaline agent and water are mixed, heated and then frozen.
- the present invention is a dried shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food having a shrimp-like texture, a shrimp-like food using the konjac gel, and a shrimp-like texture that can be easily restored by hot water or the like.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a konjac gel having the following configurations (A) to (G).
- (F) the maximum pore porosity in the cross section of the gel is 3 to 6% (G). It has been frozen and denatured.
- the konjac gel according to the present invention preferably has a constitution (H).
- H The content of modified starch is 4.5 to 18% by weight.
- glucomannan in an amount of 2.5 to 4% by weight based on the weight of the dough, an alkaline agent and water are mixed, and the pH of the dough is 10 to 11.
- a dough making step of preparing the dough a molding step of molding the prepared dough, a steaming step of steaming the molded dough to prepare a gelled product, and a freezing process of freezing the prepared gelled product.
- Porosity of 70 to 90% by weight , porosity measured for pores of 100 ⁇ m 2 or more in the cross section of the gel is 9 to 17%, and maximum porosity is 3 to 6%.
- a method for producing a konjak gel including a qualification step is preferable.
- a method for producing konjac gel according to the present invention it is preferable to add 3.5 to 8% by weight of modified starch with respect to the weight of the dough in the dough manufacturing process.
- the method for producing a shrimp-like food according to the present invention is a method for producing a shrimp-like food containing a konjak gel and a base material, which is 2.5 to 2.5 to the weight of the dough of the konjak gel.
- a konjak gel and a base material which is 2.5 to 2.5 to the weight of the dough of the konjak gel.
- the pore ratio of 100 ⁇ m 2 or more in the cross section of the gel was measured, and the pore ratio was 9 to 17%, and the maximum pore void ratio was 3 to 6%.
- the process 3 to 4.5% by weight of glucomannan, 1 to 3% by weight of protein material, 8 to 15% by weight of processed starch, an alkaline agent, and water are mixed with respect to the weight of the base material.
- the base material preparation step of preparing the base material so that the pH of the base material is 9.5 to 10.5, the base material, and the konjak gel are 3: 7 to 7: 3.
- a method for producing a shrimp-like food product which comprises a mixing step of mixing by ratio to prepare a mixture, a molding step of molding the mixture to prepare a molded product, and a heating step of steaming and heat-coagulating the molded product. Is preferable.
- a drying step of drying the surface of the heat-coagulated molded product after the heating step it is preferable to include a drying step of drying the surface of the heat-coagulated molded product after the heating step.
- a shrimp-like vacuum-freeze-dried food containing a konjak gel and a base material containing a crushed konjak gel is produced.
- 2.5 to 4% by weight of glucomannan, an alkaline agent, and water are mixed with respect to the weight of the konjak gel dough, and the pH of the konjak gel dough is 10 to 11.
- the dough for the konjak gel is molded and steamed to gel the dough for the konjak gel, and the gelled dough for the konjak gel is frozen to increase the size.
- pores of 100 ⁇ m 2 or more in the cross section of the gel were measured by microwave or vacuum drying with a water content of 70 to 90% by weight.
- the weight of the dough of the crushed konjak gel 2 to 4.5% by weight of glucomannan, 1 to 12% by weight of processed starch, an alkaline agent, and water are mixed so that the pH of the dough of the crushed konjak gel is 10 to 11.
- the dough for the crushed konjak gel is molded, steamed to gel the dough for the crushed konjak gel, and crushed to prepare the crushed konjak gel.
- Fabric and the crushed konjak gel are mixed so that the crushed konjak gel is contained in the base material in an amount of 10 to 80% by weight, and the base material containing the crushed konjak gel is prepared.
- a shrimp-like vacuum comprising a heating step of heating and heat-coagulating the molded product molded in the molding step, and a vacuum freeze-drying step of freezing the heat-coagulated molded product and vacuum-freezing and drying. Examples thereof include a method for producing a lyophilized food.
- the method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum-freeze-dried food using the konjak gel there is a method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum-freeze-dried food containing a konjak gel and a base material.
- a konjak gel 2.5 to 4% by weight of glucomannan, an alkaline agent, and water are mixed with respect to the weight of the dough of the gel, and the konjak gel is adjusted so that the pH of the dough of the konjak gel is 10 to 11.
- the dough of the konjak gel is molded and steamed to gel the dough of the konjak gel, and the gelled dough of the konjak gel is frozen to have a size of 7 to 20 mm on a long side and a thickness of 7 to 20 mm.
- the water content was 70 to 90% by weight by microwave or vacuum drying, and the void ratio measured for pores of 100 ⁇ m 2 or more in the cross section of the gel was 9 to 17%. , 1.5-4% by weight of glucomannan with respect to the weight of the base material and the step of producing the konjak gel which is made porous so that the maximum pore void ratio is 3 to 6%.
- a base material preparation step for producing a mixture a mixture preparation step for producing a mixture by mixing the konjak gel and the base material at a ratio of 3: 7 to 7: 3, and molding the mixture to prepare a molded product. It includes a molding step of producing, a heating step of heating the molded product molded in the molding step and heat-coagulating it, and a vacuum freeze-drying step of freezing the heat-coagulated molded product and vacuum-freezing and drying it.
- a characteristic method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum-freeze-dried food can be mentioned.
- a shrimp-like texture, a shrimp-like food using the shrimp-like texture, and a dried shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food having a shrimp-like texture and easily restored by hot water or the like. Can be provided.
- the konjac gel according to the present invention contains 3.5 to 12% by weight of glucomannan in the gel, 70 to 90% by weight of water, and the size of the gel is 7 to 20 mm on the long side and thickness.
- the content of glucomannan contained in the konjac gel according to the present invention is preferably 3.5 to 12% by weight based on the weight of the konjac gel. Since glucomannan forms the skeleton of the gel, the elasticity of the konjac gel becomes weak when the amount is less than 3.5% by weight. When the amount of glucomannan added is more than 12% by weight, the content of other additives decreases.
- the content of glucomannan contained in the konjac gel according to the present invention depends on the water content of the konjac gel and the amount of other additives added, but is more preferably 8.5 to 10.5% by weight. ..
- the konjac gel according to the present invention can contain modified starch.
- modified starch By containing modified starch, it is possible to express a texture that cannot be produced by glucomannan alone.
- various starches such as potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch and corn starch can be used.
- the processed starch include crosslinked starch, etherified starch, acetylated starch, oxidized starch and the like. However, since it is frozen, it is preferably resistant to freezing, and is preferably phosphoric acid crosslinked starch, etherified starch, etherified phosphorus and the like. Acid-crosslinked starch is preferred.
- the content of the modified starch is preferably 4.5 to 18% by weight in the konjac gel. If it is less than 4.5% by weight, the texture improving effect of the modified starch is weak, and if it is more than 18% by weight, the texture of the modified starch becomes too strong.
- the content of the modified starch contained in the konjac gel according to the present invention depends on the water content of the konjac gel and the amount of other additives added, but is more preferably 13.5-16.5% by weight. ..
- the water content of the konjac gel according to the present invention is preferably 70 to 90% by weight.
- the water content of a normal konjac gel is often more than 90%, but since the konjac gel according to the present invention is treated with microwaves or the like in order to obtain a porous structure, the water content evaporates. If the water content is less than 70% by weight, the gel will suddenly fire and the porous structure will be unsuitable, resulting in a poor texture. On the contrary, if the water content is higher than 90% by weight, a sufficient porous structure cannot be obtained.
- the texture of the konjac gel is deteriorated due to the transfer of water from the base material by lowering the water content of the base material other than the konjac gel. It can be suppressed.
- a more preferable amount of water is 70 to 80% by weight.
- the shape of the konjac gel according to the present invention is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped, and may be an elliptical column or an amorphous shape, but a long side of 7 to 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 to 1.5 mm are preferable.
- the long side indicates the longest length of the konjac gel
- the thickness indicates the shortest length of the konjac gel.
- the long side is 10 mm and the thickness is 1 mm.
- the columnar shape has a diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 10 mm
- the long side is 10 mm and the thickness is 1.5 mm.
- the shape of the konjac gel is preferably as long as possible, and the length (short side) in the three-dimensional direction other than the long side and the thickness is preferably 5 mm or less.
- the konjac gel according to the present invention has a porous structure having a porosity of 9 to 17%.
- the porosity according to the present invention is the ratio of the total area of pores to the area of the measured cross section by measuring the area of pores of 100 ⁇ m 2 or more in the cross section when the cross section of the gel is observed with an electron microscope. If the porosity is less than 9%, the texture will be like a clogged and highly elastic gel. On the other hand, if the porosity is larger than 17%, swelling occurs too much and overdrying occurs, resulting in a strong fibrous feeling and difficulty in biting off.
- the konjac gel according to the present invention has a porous structure with a maximum porosity of 3 to 6%.
- the maximum pore porosity according to the present invention is the ratio of the maximum area of pores to the area of the cross-sectional area of the gel when the cross section of the gel is observed with an electron microscope.
- the maximum porosity exceeds 6%, large voids are formed, the texture becomes uneven, and swelling occurs too much, resulting in overdrying, resulting in a strong fibrous texture and difficulty in biting.
- the maximum pore porosity is lower than 3%, the size of the voids is too small, so that the texture becomes like a clogged and highly elastic gel, and it is difficult to improve the texture due to the porous structure.
- a cross section for measuring the porous structure it is preferable to observe a cross section perpendicular to the long side direction.
- the observation is preferably performed with a scanning electron microscope, and the image is taken at a magnification of about 100 to 200 times under reduced pressure.
- the area and number of pores of 100 ⁇ m 2 are measured using image analysis software that measures pores from an image taken with an electron microscope. Image-Pro Premier 9.1 manufactured by Media Cybernetics is an example of such image software. From the measured data, the porosity and the maximum porosity are calculated.
- the konjac gel according to the present invention is freeze-modified.
- the method for freezing and denaturing konjac gel is not particularly limited, and may be frozen in a normal freezer at about ⁇ 18 ° C. or in a quick freezer at ⁇ 35 ° C. or lower. By freezing, the konjac gel is denatured and has an appropriate texture.
- the gel contains 3.5 to 12% by weight of glucomannan, the water content is 70 to 90% by weight, and the size of the gel is 7 to 20 mm on the long side and 0.5 to 1.5 mm in thickness. It has a porosity of 9 to 17% when pores of 100 ⁇ m 2 or more are measured on the gel cross section, and has a porous structure with a maximum pore porosity of 3 to 6% on the gel cross section, and is freeze-modified.
- konjac gel it is possible to reproduce a pre-prepared texture like when chewing shrimp-like muscle fibers.
- a dough is prepared by mixing water with an alkaline agent such as glucomannan, sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
- alkaline agents such as glucomannan, sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
- modified starch, salt, amino acids, seasonings, pigments, flavors and the like can also be added.
- the amount of glucomannan added is preferably in the range of 2.5 to 4% by weight with respect to the weight of the dough. If it is less than 2.5% by weight, the strength of the gel is weak, and if it is more than 4% by weight, the strength of the gel is strong.
- a glucomannan preparation or konjac powder may be used, and it is preferable that the glucomannan contains the above-mentioned addition amount.
- the amount of the alkaline agent added is not particularly limited, and it is preferable that the pH of the dough is 10 to 11.
- the amount of modified starch added is preferably in the range of 3.5 to 8% by weight with respect to the weight of the dough. If it is more than 8% by weight, the properties of starch become stronger, and if it is less than 3.5% by weight, the effect of starch is difficult to obtain.
- the amount of water added depends on the amount of other additive materials, but it may be added so that the water content of the dough is 90 ⁇ 5% by weight with respect to the weight of the dough.
- water may be put into a device such as a food mixer, a mixture of powders such as glucomannan, starch and salt may be added, mixed by stirring, and finally an alkaline agent may be added and mixed. .. If the alkaline agent is added too early, the dough starts to coagulate, which is not preferable.
- the dough produced in the dough production process is molded.
- the molding method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of molding by putting it in a mold, a method of molding by thinly spreading it on a plate, a method of molding by a roll, and a method of molding by putting it in a cylinder or the like and extruding it from a hole.
- the shape to be molded is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to mold it into a sheet shape or a noodle line shape. In the case of the sheet shape, the thickness is 0.5 to 1.5 mm, and in the case of the noodle line shape, the thickness is 0.5 to 1.5 mm. It is preferable to mold the noodles so that the diameter and thickness are 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the molded dough is heated and solidified by steaming to prepare a gelled product.
- the method of steaming is not particularly limited, and it may be performed to the extent that the dough solidifies firmly.
- steaming with steam at 90 ° C. or higher for about 5 to 20 minutes, or heating with boiling water at 90 ° C. or higher for about 5 to 10 minutes can be mentioned.
- Freezing process Remove the rough heat of the gelled product that has been coagulated by heating and freeze it.
- the freezing method is not particularly limited, and for example, an air blast type tunnel freezer, a spiral freezer, a wagon freezer, a quick freezer, a brine type flexible freezer, or the like can be applied.
- the frozen gelled product is cut to a predetermined size.
- the cutting method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of cutting with a roll blade and a method of cutting with a kitchen knife blade. After cutting, the gel is cut so that the longest side (long side) is about 7 to 20 mm and the shortest side (thickness) of the gel is 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the shape of the konjac gel is preferably as long as possible, and the length (short side) in the three-dimensional direction other than the long side and the thickness is preferably 5 mm or less.
- the frozen gelled product is in the shape of a noodle string, it may be cut with a rotary blade or a kitchen knife blade so that the length is 7 to 20 mm. It may be cut so that the side becomes a rectangular parallelepiped of 0.5 to 5 mm. If the long side is shorter than 7 mm, it is difficult to feel the texture of konjak gel when chewed, and if it is larger than 20 mm, it is difficult to mix konjak gel. Further, when the thickness is thinner than 0.5 mm, it is difficult to feel the elasticity of konjac gel, and when it is thicker than 1.5 mm, the elasticity of konjac gel is felt too strongly. Further, when the shape approaches a square plate shape, it becomes difficult to process when producing a shrimp-like food.
- the gel shredded in the shredding process is made porous.
- the porosity method include a method of recovering water after microwave treatment or freeze-drying.
- the porosity of the gel is 9 to 17% when pores of 100 ⁇ m 2 or more are measured in the cross section of the gel.
- the maximum pore porosity in the cross section may be in the range of 3 to 6%.
- microwave treatment it is easier to control the porous structure if the wattage is as low as possible.
- the water content is evaporated by the microwave treatment, there is little need to adjust the water content. For example, when processing at 200 W, it is preferable to process for about 1 to 10 minutes.
- the porosity becomes high and large pores are formed in the case of microwave treatment.
- the pores are small and the porosity is insufficient.
- vacuum freeze-drying after drying once, water is absorbed to adjust the water content to 70 to 90% by weight.
- the elasticity is strong and the texture becomes dry and hard.
- the water content is more than 90% by weight, the gel becomes fresh, but the elasticity becomes weak.
- the water content is more preferably in the range of 70 to 80% by weight.
- the shape of the gel is almost the same as the shape after the shredding treatment even if the porosification step is performed by microwave treatment or vacuum freeze-drying.
- the produced konjac gel has a shrimp-like texture and can be used for shrimp-like foods and shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried foods.
- the above-mentioned konjac gel according to the present invention is used as the shrimp-like food according to the present invention.
- the konjak gel according to the present invention can also be used for shrimp-like foods using ground fish meat as a base material, such as crab sticks, but in particular, for vegetarianism, the present invention uses glucomannan as a base material. The manufacturing method of the used shrimp-like food is described.
- the role of the base material of the shrimp-like food according to the present invention is not only to bind the konjak gel according to the present invention together, but also to fill the space between the konjak gels, which cannot be expressed only by the texture of the konjak gel. It has the role of imparting a texture and solid texture to the texture of konjac-like food as a whole.
- Glucomannan, protein material, modified starch, and alkaline agent are used as the base material of the shrimp-like food according to the present invention.
- the amount of glucomannan added to the base material of the shrimp-like food according to the present invention is preferably 3 to 4.5% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If it is less than 3% by weight, it is too soft, and if it is more than 4.5% by weight, it becomes difficult to mold.
- the protein material of the base material of the shrimp-like food according to the present invention may be any one containing a large amount of protein, such as egg white such as egg white powder, soybean protein such as soybean powder or isolated soybean protein powder, wheat protein such as gluten, and gelatin. , Milk protein such as non-fat dry milk and casein can be used. By containing the protein component, it is possible to impart a shrimp-like muscular fibrous texture to the base material. Egg white and soybean protein are preferable as the preferable protein material, and soybean protein is preferable for vegetarianism.
- the preferable amount of the protein material added is 1 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If it is less than 1% by weight, the gel feeling derived from glucomannan becomes strong, and if it is more than 3% by weight, the gel strength becomes weak and soft.
- starch of the base material of the shrimp-like food various starches such as potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch and corn starch can be used.
- modified starch include crosslinked starch, etherified starch, acetylated starch, and oxidized starch.
- As the shrimp-like food according to the present invention water-retaining and aging-resistant phosphoric acid-crosslinked starch, etherified starch, and etherified phosphoric acid-crosslinked starch are preferable. By adding modified starch, a body feeling can be given to the base material, and the gel-like texture of konjac can be suppressed.
- the amount of modified starch added is preferably 8 to 15% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If it is less than 8% by weight, the body feeling due to starch is weak, and if it is more than 15% by weight, the texture of starch becomes too strong.
- the alkaline agent for the base material of the shrimp-like food according to the present invention may be an alkaline agent such as sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, as long as the base material can be made basic.
- the amount of the alkaline agent added may be such that the pH of the base material is 9.5 to 10.5.
- salt, amino acids, fats and oils, emulsifiers, crystalline cellulose powder, seasonings, pigments, flavors and the like can be added in addition to the above materials.
- Crystalline cellulose powder can give shrimp-like foods an insoluble solid texture that cannot be expressed by glucomannan or starch without significantly affecting the texture. However, if it is added too much, it inhibits the gelation of glucomannan, and if it is too small, the shrimp-like food has a less solid texture and a gel-like texture. It is preferable to add 5% by weight.
- the oil and fat can suppress the roughness of the protein material and can disperse the oil-soluble pigment and fragrance, and it is preferable to add the oil and fat to the base material in an emulsified state.
- the amount to be added is preferably 1 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the dough. If it is added too much, it inhibits the gel binding of glucomannan, and if it is too small, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving the texture and flavor of fats and oils.
- Examples of fats and oils include sesame oil, rapeseed oil, rice oil, soybean oil, and corn oil.
- a base material for shrimp-like foods As a method for producing a base material for shrimp-like foods according to the present invention, when water or fats and oils are used, an emulsified liquid emulsified in water is put into a device such as a food mixer, and glucomannan, starch, crystalline cellulose, amino acids, etc. After adding a mixture of powders such as seasonings and salt, the mixture is stirred and mixed, and finally an alkaline agent is added and mixed. If the alkaline agent is added too early, the dough will coagulate too much, which is not preferable.
- the base material of the shrimp-like food prepared in the base material preparation step is mixed with the konjac gel according to the present invention.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, but it may be mixed quickly and homogeneously without damaging the konjac gel.
- the mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the base material of the shrimp-like food and the konjac gel is preferably 3: 7 to 7: 3. If there is too much base material for shrimp-like food, it is difficult to feel the texture of konjak gel, and if there is too little base material for shrimp-like food, it is difficult to form a mixture of base material for konjak gel and shrimp-like food. Becomes stronger.
- the mixture produced in the mixing step is molded to produce a molded product.
- the molding method is not particularly limited, and the molding may be performed by squeezing out from a shrimp-shaped molding die or a mouthpiece as shown in FIG.
- the surface can be colored like shrimp by coloring the mold.
- the molded product molded in the molding process is steamed and heat-solidified.
- the steaming method is preferably a steam method. In the case of boil, the shape of the molded product may be broken.
- the steaming method is not particularly limited because it depends on the size of the molded product to be produced, and it may be carried out to the extent that the dough solidifies firmly, and it is preferable to steam with steam at 90 ° C. or higher for about 5 to 20 minutes.
- the molded product that has been heat-coagulated in the heating step can be eaten as a shrimp-like food as it is after cooling.
- it can be distributed as a frozen product by freezing it. By doing so, it is possible to suppress the time-dependent transfer of water from the base material to the konjac gel, and the texture can be maintained until the time of use.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and hot air drying or microwave drying may be performed.
- hot air drying it is only necessary to remove a few percent of the water on the surface and form a film on the surface.
- hot air drying it takes about 10 to 180 seconds with hot air at 40 to 150 ° C, and in the case of microwave treatment, it takes about 30 seconds at 200 W. It should be dried to some extent. By forming a dry film, you can feel the crispy texture of the surface when you eat shrimp-like food.
- a shrimp-like food having a shrimp-like texture can be produced.
- the konjac gel production step of the method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention may be produced according to the above-mentioned konjac gel production method.
- the crushed konjak gel according to the present invention has a high degree of water reconstitution in the dried product and is contained inside the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food. It has the effect of promoting water restoration.
- the crushed konjac gel according to the present invention contains modified starch in addition to glucomannan and an alkaline agent. As other materials, salt, amino acids, seasonings, pigments, fragrances and the like can also be added.
- the amount of glucomannan added to the konjac gel crushed product according to the present invention is preferably 2 to 4.5% by weight based on the weight of the konjac gel crushed dough. If it is less than 2% by weight, it is soft, and if it is more than 4.5% by weight, it becomes difficult to crush.
- modified starch added to the crushed konjak gel according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and various starches such as potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch and corn starch can be used.
- processing method include cross-linking, etherification, acetylation, and oxidation.
- Preferred processed starches include phosphoric acid-crosslinked starch and etherified phosphoric acid-crosslinked starch.
- the amount of modified starch added is preferably in the range of 1 to 12% by weight with respect to the weight of the dough.
- the resilience is more than 12% by weight, the resilience is too good and the base material becomes soft, and if it is less than 1% by weight, the resilience is deteriorated and the texture of the crushed konjac gel becomes strong. More preferably, it is 2 to 8% by weight.
- the alkaline agent to be added to the konjac gel crushed product according to the present invention may be an alkaline agent such as sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, as long as the dough of the konjac gel crushed product can be made basic.
- the amount of the alkaline agent added may be such that the pH of the dough is 10 to 11.
- a dough is prepared, molded and then steamed to prepare a gelled product, similar to the konjak gel used for the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention. Specifically, first, water is put into a device such as a food mixer, a mixture of powders such as glucomannan, modified starch, and salt is added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed, and finally an alkaline agent is added and mixed. To make dough. If the alkaline agent is added too early, the dough starts to coagulate, which is not preferable.
- the molding method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of molding by putting it in a mold, a method of molding by thinly spreading it on a plate, a method of molding by a roll, and a method of molding by putting it in a cylinder or the like and extruding it from a hole.
- the shape to be molded is not particularly limited because it is crushed.
- the dough of the molded konjac gel crushed product is heated and solidified by steaming to prepare a gel product.
- the method of steaming is not particularly limited, and it may be performed to the extent that the dough solidifies firmly.
- steaming with steam at 90 ° C. or higher for about 5 to 20 minutes, or heating with boiling water at 90 ° C. or higher for about 5 to 10 minutes can be mentioned.
- the crushing method is not particularly limited, and crushing may be performed with a cutter mill such as a food mixer or a crusher such as a jet mill or a hammer mill. If the particle size of the crushed konjak gel is too large, the base material will not be easily organized and the texture will be uneven. Also, if it is too small, the stability will deteriorate.
- the particle size is adjusted so that the particle size of less than 300 ⁇ m is less than 10% by weight and the particle size of 2700 ⁇ m or more is less than 10% by weight.
- the particle size is preferably adjusted so that the mode diameter is about 700 to 1700 ⁇ m.
- the role of the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention is to not only adjust the texture of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food as a whole by binding the konjac gel according to the present invention together, but also to dry it. It has the role of facilitating later restoration.
- a base material material obtained by mixing glucomannan, an alkaline agent and water, and a crushed konjac gel are used as the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention.
- the amount of glucomannan added to the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention is preferably 1.5 to 4% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If it is less than 1.5% by weight, it is too soft, and if it is more than 4% by weight, it becomes difficult to mold.
- the alkaline agent in the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention may be an alkaline agent such as sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, as long as the base material can be made basic.
- the amount of the alkaline agent added may be such that the pH of the base material fabric is 9.5 to 10.5.
- protein materials As other materials for the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention, protein materials, starch, salt, amino acids, fats and oils, emulsifiers, crystalline cellulose powder, methyl cellulose, seasonings, pigments, fragrances and the like are added. You can also do it.
- the protein material may be any protein-rich material, such as egg white such as egg white powder, soy protein such as soybean powder and isolated soy protein powder, wheat protein such as gluten, gelatin, milk protein such as defatted milk powder and casein. Can be used.
- egg white and soybean protein are preferable as the preferable protein material, and soybean protein is preferable for vegetarianism.
- the preferable amount of the protein material added is 1 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If it is less than 1% by weight, the gel feeling derived from glucomannan becomes strong, and if it is more than 3% by weight, the gel strength becomes weak and soft.
- starch various starches such as potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch and cornstarch can be used, and those obtained by pregelatinization or processing of these can also be used.
- modified starch include crosslinked starch, etherified starch, acetylated starch, and oxidized starch.
- pregelatinized starch and crosslinked starch are preferable.
- Crystalline cellulose powder can give shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried foods an insoluble solid texture that cannot be expressed by glucomannan or starch without significantly affecting the texture. However, if it is added too much, it inhibits the gelation of glucomannan, and if it is too small, the solid matter feeling of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food is small and the texture becomes gel-like. It is preferable to add 5 to 2.5% by weight.
- oils and fats can suppress the roughness of protein materials and can disperse oil-soluble pigments and fragrances, and are preferably added to the base material dough in an emulsified state.
- the amount to be added is preferably 3 to 11% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If it is added too much, it inhibits the gel binding of glucomannan, and if it is too small, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving the texture and flavor of fats and oils.
- Examples of fats and oils include sesame oil, rapeseed oil, rice oil, soybean oil, and corn oil.
- a method for producing a base material for a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food when water or fats and oils are used, an emulsified liquid emulsified in water is put into an apparatus such as a food mixer, and glucomannan, starch, and crystalline cellulose are prepared. After adding a mixture of powders such as amino acids, seasonings, and salt, the mixture is stirred and mixed, an alkaline agent is added and mixed to prepare a base material dough, and then crushed konjak gel is added and mixed.
- the amount of the konjac gel crushed product added to the base material is preferably 10 to 80% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If it is less than 10% by weight, sufficient resilience cannot be imparted, and if it is more than 80% by weight, it becomes difficult to mold when the base material and konjac gel are mixed. More preferably, it is 20 to 60% by weight.
- the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food prepared in the base material preparation step is mixed with the konjak gel prepared in the konjac gel preparation step.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, but it may be mixed quickly and homogeneously without damaging the konjac gel.
- the mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food and the konjac gel is preferably 3: 7 to 7: 3.
- the mixture prepared in the mixing step is molded.
- the molding method is not particularly limited, and the molding may be performed by squeezing out from a shrimp-shaped molding die or a mouthpiece as shown in FIG.
- the surface can be colored like shrimp by coloring the mold.
- the molded product molded in the molding step is steamed and the mixture is heated and solidified.
- the steaming method is preferably a steam method. In the case of boil, the shape of the molded product may be broken.
- the steaming method is not particularly limited because it depends on the size of the molded product to be produced, and it may be carried out to the extent that the dough solidifies firmly, and it is preferable to steam with steam at 90 ° C. or higher for about 5 to 20 minutes.
- (Vacuum freeze-drying process) Freeze the heat-coagulated mixture.
- Conventional techniques can be applied to the means for freezing.
- an air blast type tunnel freezer, a spiral freezer, a wagon freezer, a quick freezer, a brine type flexible freezer, and the like can be applied.
- it can be carried out rapidly using a prefabricated quick freezer at about ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the freezing method is not particularly limited, but the mixture is frozen firmly so that the product temperature is -18 ° C or lower.
- the frozen mixture can be made into a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food by vacuum freeze-drying under reduced pressure using a vacuum dryer.
- vacuum freeze-drying it can be used as an ingredient for instant foods that can be restored with hot water such as instant noodles and instant soup.
- the freeze-drying conditions are not particularly limited, and the frozen mixture may be dried at a vacuum degree and a shelf heating temperature so as not to thaw.
- the degree of vacuum may be 1.5 torr or less
- the shelf heating temperature may be 80 ° C. or less
- the moisture content after drying may be 1 to 5% by weight.
- a base material obtained by mixing glucomannan, an alkaline agent, and a crushed konjak gel crushed konjak gel and a konjak gel having a porous structure are mixed, molded, heat-treated, and freeze-dried. After that, by vacuum freeze-drying, a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food having a texture like konjac can be produced.
- the konjac gel production step in another aspect of the method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention may be produced according to the above-mentioned method for producing konjac gel.
- the role of the base material in another aspect of the method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention is to bind the konjac gel according to the present invention together and adjust the texture of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food as a whole. Not only does it play a role in facilitating restoration after drying.
- a leavening agent or a foaming emulsifier is used in addition to glucomannan and an alkaline agent.
- the amount of glucomannan added to the base material of another aspect of the method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention is preferably 1.5 to 4% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If it is less than 1.5% by weight, it is too soft, and if it is more than 4% by weight, it becomes difficult to mold.
- the type of leavening agent used in the substrate of another aspect of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention may be one containing sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- leavening agents There are various types of leavening agents, depending on the type of auxiliary agent, etc., from those with high foaming property to those with low foaming property, those with immediate effect to those with slow effect, and each has a preferable addition amount, but sodium hydrogen carbonate Is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If the amount of the leavening agent added is small, the resilience is poor, and if it is too large, not only the texture becomes soft, but also the flavor derived from the leavening agent becomes strong.
- the alkaline agent used for the base material of another aspect of the method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention may be an alkaline agent such as sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, as long as the base material can be made basic.
- the amount of the alkaline agent added may be such that the pH of the base material is 9.5 to 10.5.
- the foaming emulsifier used for the base material of another aspect of the method for producing shrimp-like vacuum-freeze-dried food according to the present invention is the same as that used for cakes and the like and has foaming property.
- examples thereof include sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and polyglycerin fatty acid ester.
- the amount added is preferably 1 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the base material.
- Other materials used as a base material in another aspect of the method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention include protein materials, starch, salt, amino acids, fats and oils, emulsifiers, crystalline cellulose powder, methyl cellulose, seasonings, and the like. Dyes, fragrances and the like can also be added.
- the protein material may be any protein-rich material, such as egg white such as egg white powder, soy protein such as soybean powder and isolated soy protein powder, wheat protein such as gluten, gelatin, milk protein such as defatted milk powder and casein. Can be used.
- egg white and soybean protein are preferable as the preferable protein material, and soybean protein is preferable for vegetarianism.
- the preferable amount of the protein material added is 1 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the base material. If it is less than 1% by weight, the gel feeling derived from glucomannan becomes strong, and if it is more than 3% by weight, the gel strength becomes weak and soft.
- starch various starches such as potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch and cornstarch can be used, and those obtained by pregelatinization or processing of these can also be used.
- modified starch include crosslinked starch, etherified starch, acetylated starch, and oxidized starch.
- pregelatinized starch and crosslinked starch are preferable.
- Crystalline cellulose powder can give shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried foods an insoluble solid texture that cannot be expressed by glucomannan or starch without significantly affecting the texture. However, if it is added too much, it inhibits the gelation of glucomannan, and if it is too small, the solid matter feeling of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food is small and the texture becomes gel-like. It is preferable to add ⁇ 2.5% by weight.
- oils and fats can suppress the roughness of protein materials and can disperse oil-soluble pigments and fragrances, and are preferably added to the base material in an emulsified state.
- the amount to be added is preferably 3 to 11% by weight based on the weight of the dough. If it is added too much, it inhibits the gel binding of glucomannan, and if it is too small, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving the texture and flavor of fats and oils.
- examples of fats and oils include sesame oil, rapeseed oil, rice oil, soybean oil, and corn oil.
- an emulsified liquid emulsified in water is put into an apparatus such as a food mixer, and glucos is added.
- glucos is added.
- the mixture is stirred and mixed, and finally an alkaline agent is added and mixed. If the alkaline agent is added too early, the dough will coagulate too much, which is not preferable.
- the base material of another aspect of the method for producing a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food produced in the base material preparation step is mixed with the konjac gel prepared in the konjac gel preparation step.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, but it may be mixed quickly and homogeneously without damaging the konjac gel.
- the mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the base material and the konjac gel is preferably 3: 7 to 7: 3. If the amount of the base material is too large, the texture of the konjak gel is difficult to feel, and if the amount of the base material is too small, the mixture of the konjak gel and the base material is difficult to form, and the texture of the konjak gel becomes strong.
- the mixture prepared in the mixing step is molded.
- the molding method is not particularly limited, and as shown in FIG. 14, molding may be performed by squeezing out from a shrimp-shaped molding die or a base.
- the surface can be colored like shrimp by coloring the mold.
- Heating process The mixture molded in the molding step is steamed and the mixture is heated and solidified.
- a heating method when a leavening agent is used, the leavening agent in the mixture may be fired to the extent that the mixture solidifies firmly, and when a foaming emulsifier is used, the mixture solidifies firmly.
- the process may be carried out to the extent that the bubbles are not broken. For example, it is preferable to steam with steam at 90 ° C. or higher for about 5 to 20 minutes.
- ⁇ Vacuum freeze-drying process Freeze the heat-coagulated mixture.
- Conventional techniques can be applied to the means for freezing. For example, an air blast type tunnel freezer, a spiral freezer, a wagon freezer, a quick freezer, a brine type flexible freezer, and the like can be applied. For example, it can be carried out rapidly using a prefabricated quick freezer at about ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the freezing method is not particularly limited, but the mixture is frozen firmly so that the product temperature is -18 ° C or lower.
- the frozen mixture can be made into a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food by vacuum freeze-drying under reduced pressure using a vacuum dryer.
- vacuum freeze-drying it can be used as an ingredient for instant foods that can be restored with hot water such as instant noodles and instant soup.
- the freeze-drying conditions are not particularly limited, and the frozen mixture may be dried at a vacuum degree and a shelf heating temperature so as not to thaw.
- the degree of vacuum may be 1.5 torr or less
- the shelf heating temperature may be 80 ° C. or less
- the moisture content after drying may be 1 to 5% by weight.
- the texture like shrimp can also be obtained by mixing a base material having glucomannan and a swelling agent and konjac gel having a porous structure, molding, heat-treating, freezing, and vacuum freeze-drying. It is possible to produce a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food having.
- the prepared dough was put in vinyl, the dough was rolled to a thickness of 1 mm, steamed in a steam chamber at 98 ° C for 15 minutes, and coagulated by heating.
- the heat-coagulated gel was shredded to 10x5 mm with a cutting machine to prepare an evaluation sample.
- Test Example 1-2 The dough was heat-coagulated in the same manner as in Test Example 1-1, and then frozen in a freezer at ⁇ 40 ° C. for about 15 minutes. The frozen gel was cut into 10 x 5 mm pieces with a cutting machine and naturally thawed to prepare an evaluation sample.
- Test Example 1-3 The gel shredded in Test Example 1-2 was dried with hot air at 40 ° C. so that the water content was 73% by weight, and used as an evaluation sample.
- Test Example 1-4 The gel shredded in Test Example 1-2 was treated in a microwave oven at 200 W for 8 minutes (moisture content: 73% by weight) to prepare an evaluation sample.
- Test Example 1-5 The gel shredded in Test Example 1-2 was dried using a vacuum freeze-dryer at a shelf temperature of 60 ° C. and a vacuum degree of 1.5 torr or less until the water content became 2% by weight, and then water was added to reduce the water content to 73. The sample was restored to the weight% by weight and used as an evaluation sample.
- Test Examples 1-1 to 1-5 were subjected to structural analysis with an electron microscope, physical property evaluation with a rheometer, and sensory evaluation. Structural analysis using an electron microscope was performed by photographing with a scanning electron microscope (JCM-6380LA manufactured by JEOL Ltd., 100 magnification) and image-analyzing the captured digital image with Image-Pro Premier 9.1 manufactured by Media Cybernetics. ..
- the measurement measures the number of pores of 100 ⁇ m 2 or more, the cross-sectional area of the sample to be observed, the total area of the pores, the area of the largest pore, the porosity (total pore area / cross-sectional area), and the average pore void.
- the porosity (porosity / number of pores) and the maximum porosity (maximum pore area / cross-sectional area) were calculated.
- the rheometer was measured using a uniaxial compression / tension rheometer (RE-33005C, Yamaden Co., Ltd.), and a uniaxial constant velocity intrusion test was performed at a moving speed of 0.1 mm / s and a maximum deformation of 90%.
- the load cell had a rated capacity of 19.6 N
- the plunger had a cylindrical shape and a diameter of 3.0 mm.
- the evaluation sample was measured so as to press perpendicularly to the long side of the gel. The measurement was performed every 0.01 seconds, and the force (load) and deformation were measured. The measured data was plotted on a graph so that the Y-axis was the force and the X-axis was the deformation, and a force-deformation curve as shown in FIGS. 6 and 13 was created.
- the sensory test was conducted by five veteran panelists, and the shrimp-like texture was very good (5), good (4), generally acceptable (3), unsuitable (2), and extremely unsuitable. Was evaluated as 1.
- FIG. 6 shows a graph showing the measurement results of each sample with a rheometer.
- the konjak gel was frozen, then microwave-treated and the konjak gel was frozen, then vacuum freeze-dried to restore water.
- the one had a good shrimp-like texture.
- the gel had more voids than those of other Test Examples.
- the maximum porosity of pores was as high as 3% or more as compared with other test examples, and had voids of a certain size.
- the frozen sample of Test Example 1-2 was broken as compared with the non-frozen sample of Test Example 1-1. Not only the strength increased, but also no peaks were seen, so it is considered that the gel was less likely to break due to freeze denaturation.
- the dried samples of Test Examples 1-3 to 1-5 have higher breaking strength than the undried samples of Test Example 1-2, and since peaks are seen, they are dried by drying. It can be seen that the gel began to break.
- Test Example 1-3 which was dried with hot air
- Test Example 1-4 which was vacuum freeze-dried
- Test Example 1-5 which was dried by microwave
- the head after breaking was large. It is small and the next peak (resistance) is generated. It is considered that this is because the gel that broke due to the void inside does not break at once, but stops at the void inside, which is the next resistance. It is considered that such continuous resistance resembles the crispy texture when chewing the muscle fibers of shrimp.
- Test Example 1--7 An evaluation sample was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-4 except that the treatment with a microwave oven was performed at 200 W for 5 minutes (water content 80% by weight).
- Test Example 1-8 An evaluation sample was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-4 except that the treatment with a microwave oven was performed at 200 W for 10 minutes (moisture content: 71.0% by weight).
- Test Example 1-9 An evaluation sample was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-4 except that the treatment with a microwave oven was performed at 1000 W for 1 minute (water content 82% by weight).
- Test Example 1-10 An evaluation sample was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-4 except that the treatment with a microwave oven was performed at 1000 W for 5 minutes (moisture content: 1.5% by weight).
- Test Example 1-11 After the treatment with a microwave oven was performed at 1000 W for 5 minutes, an evaluation sample was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-4 except that the water was condensed with water to make the water content 71% by weight.
- Test 1-2 structural analysis with an electron microscope, physical property evaluation with a rheometer, and sensory evaluation were performed in the same manner as with Test 1-1.
- Test Group 1-10 the physical properties were not measured because it was too dry and hard.
- the structural analysis results and sensory evaluation results are shown in Table 3 below.
- representative electron micrographs of each evaluation sample are shown in FIGS. 7 to 12.
- FIG. 13 shows a graph showing the measurement results of each sample by the rheometer.
- Table 4 a table showing the content of each component of Test Example 1-6 to Test Example 1-9 after microwave treatment is shown in Table 4 below.
- the water content gradually decreased up to 70% by weight, but when the water content was reduced to 70% by weight, the water content decreased sharply. It is considered that this is because the water inside is rapidly evaporated and foamed when the water content is less than 70% by weight.
- the sample that had been dried as in Test Example 1-10 had a hard and bad texture.
- the sample obtained by condensing the dried product as in Test Example 1-11 had a slightly improved texture, but had a strong fibrous texture and a texture that was difficult to chew.
- Test Examples 1-6 to 1-9 the closer the water content was to 70% by weight, the better the texture, and the less the water content was reduced, the more watery and gel-like the texture was. Further, comparing Test Example 1-7 and Test Example 1-9, when the treatment was performed with the same energy, the low wattage treatment for a long time gave a better texture than the high wattage treatment for a short time.
- the porosity is in the range of 9 to 17% and the maximum porosity is the maximum porosity while the water content is 70% by weight or more.
- the number of pores does not change so much, but as shown in Test Example 1-10, if it is too dry, swelling progresses and the porosity increases remarkably, and the maximum porosity is also high. Large voids were formed and the number of pores increased significantly.
- the porosity was still 20% or more and the maximum porosity was 8% or more, although the number of pores decreased.
- Test Example 1-11 as in Test Examples 1-6 to 1-9, although a plurality of hills were observed, the force further increased even after the large ridge. It is considered that this represents a texture in which the fibrous texture becomes too strong and it is difficult to bite off.
- the amount of glucomannan added to the konjac gel dough is preferably 2.5 to 4% by weight. Further, it can be seen that the amount of modified starch added to the dough of konjac gel is preferably 3.5 to 8% by weight as shown in Test Examples 1-16 to 1-10. Further, it can be seen that the amount of the alkaline agent added to the konjac gel dough is preferably pH 10 to 11 of the dough, as shown in Test Examples 1-14 and 1-15.
- the properties of konjak gel are affected by the composition of the dough.
- the content of each component of konjac varies greatly. Further, as the amount of one component added increases, the content of the other component also changes. Therefore, from the results in Tables 4 and 5, it is considered that the content of glucomannan in the preferable konjac gel is about 3.5 to 12% by weight, more preferably about 8.5 to 10.5% by weight. Further, it is considered that the content of the modified starch in the preferable konjac gel is about 4.5 to 18% by weight, more preferably 13.5 to 16.5% by weight.
- a konjac gel was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-8 except that the thickness of the konjac gel was 0.5 mm.
- a konjac gel was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-8 except that the thickness of the konjac gel was 1.5 mm.
- a konjac gel was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-8, except that the heat-coagulated gel was shredded into 5 x 5 mm with a cutting machine.
- Test Example 1-24 A konjac gel was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-8, except that the heat-coagulated gel was shredded into 7x5 mm with a cutting machine.
- a konjac gel was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-8, except that the heat-coagulated gel was shredded into 20 x 5 mm with a cutting machine.
- a konjac gel was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-8, except that the heat-coagulated gel was shredded into 10 x 2.5 mm with a cutting machine.
- Test Example 1-2-7 A konjac gel was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-8, except that the heat-coagulated gel was shredded into 10 x 10 mm with a cutting machine.
- Test Example 1-28 A konjac gel was prepared according to the method of Test Example 1-8, except that the heat-coagulated gel was shredded into 2.5 x 2.5 mm with a cutting machine.
- the thickness of the konjac gel is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the long side of the konjac gel is preferably 7 to 20 mm. If it is smaller than 7 mm, it is difficult to feel the gel when chewed. Further, when it becomes 20 mm, it becomes difficult to mold.
- the shape as shown in Test Examples 1-8, 1-26, and 1-27, an elongated shape is preferable in terms of molding surface and texture.
- the amount of gluconan mannan added is 3 to 4.5 weight by weight with respect to the weight of the base material. It is preferable to add in the range of%.
- the pH of the base material is preferably 9.5 to 10.5, which is lower than the pH of the konjac gel dough.
- the modified starch is preferably added in the range of 8 to 15% by weight with respect to the weight of the base material in order to give a body feeling of the shrimp-like food.
- the amount of crystalline cellulose added is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2.5% by weight in order to give a feeling of insoluble solid content.
- the shrimp-like food samples of all the test examples have a sufficient texture as a shrimp-like food, the texture between the surface and the inside is uniform, so that the shrimp-like surface seems to have a curtain. It lacked a crisp texture.
- Test Example 2-14 The shrimp-like food prepared in Test Example 2-1 was dried with hot air at 40 ° C. for 3 minutes to prepare an evaluation sample.
- Test Example 2-15) A shrimp-like food was prepared according to Test Example 2-13 except that the ratio of the base material to the konjac gel was 3: 7.
- Test Example 2-16 A shrimp-like food was prepared according to Test Example 2-13 except that the ratio of the base material to the konjac gel was 4: 6.
- Test Example 2-1-7 A shrimp-like food was prepared according to Test Example 2-13 except that the ratio of the base material to the konjac gel was 7: 3.
- the mixing ratio of the base material and the gel was preferably in the range of 7: 3 to 3: 7. More preferably, it is considered to be in the range of 6: 4 to 4: 6.
- the prepared dough was put in vinyl, the dough was rolled to a thickness of 1 mm, steamed in a steam chamber at 98 ° C for 15 minutes, and coagulated by heating.
- the heat-coagulated gel product was placed in a food processor (Panasonic MK-K48P) and crushed at 2900 rpm for 3 minutes to prepare a gel crushed product, and a konjac gel crushed product was prepared.
- a food processor Panasonic MK-K48P
- Test Example 3-1-10 A konjac gel crushed product was prepared according to Test Example 3-1-1 except that the crushing time of the gelled product was set to 2 minutes.
- Test Example 3-1-11 A konjac gel crushed product was prepared according to Test Example 3-1-1 except that the crushing time of the gelled product was set to 1 minute.
- Test Example 3-1-12 The konjak gel crushed product crushed in Test Example 3-1-1 was sieved through a 1 mm mesh to obtain a konjak gel crushed product.
- Test Example 3-1-13 The konjak gel crushed product crushed in Test Example 3-1-1 was sieved through a 0.85 mm mesh to obtain a konjak gel crushed product.
- Test Example 3-1-14 The konjak gel crushed product crushed in Test Example 3-1-1 was sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh to obtain a konjak gel crushed product.
- Table 11 shows the results of measuring the particle size distribution, median diameter, and mode diameter of the crushed konjak gel from Test Example 3-1-1 and Test Examples 3-1-10 to 3-1-14.
- ⁇ Test 3-2> Examination of konjac gel crushed shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food 2 (Test Example 3-2-1) to (Test Example 3-2-15) Of the materials listed in Table 12 below, water, emulsified fats and oils, sesame oil, and soda carbonate were removed, and after powder mixing, a liquid in which emulsified fats and oils and sesame oil were dispersed in water was added to a food mixer, and then powder was added. The mixture was added, and the mixture was stirred with a food mixer for about 1 minute so as to be uniformly mixed, soda carbonate was added, and the mixture was further stirred for 1 minute to prepare a base material dough.
- the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food sample prepared in Test 3-2 was placed in a container, restored with boiling water for 3 minutes and eaten, and the stability and sensory evaluation were performed. Performed by five veteran panelists, with regard to resilience, those with sufficient condensate are ⁇ , those with condensate are ⁇ , and those with partial condensate are ⁇ , as a whole. Those whose cores have not been condensed are marked with x. Regarding the sensory evaluation, the texture was evaluated, and very good ones were evaluated as ⁇ , good ones were evaluated as ⁇ , inferior ones were evaluated as ⁇ , and very inferior ones were evaluated as ⁇ . In addition, the ratio of the weight after eating (restoration rate) to the weight before eating was measured for each sample. The evaluation results are shown in Table 13 below.
- the amount of glucomannan added to the dough of the konjac gel crushed product has little relation to the resilience, and the texture is improved when the amount added is small. If it was soft and abundant, the gelled product before crushing was hard and difficult to crush.
- the preferred range is 2 to 4.5% by weight.
- the pH of the dough in the konjac gel crushed product when the pH of the dough in the konjac gel crushed product is low, the gel crushed product becomes soft and the texture becomes soft. If it is high, there is no effect on the resilience and texture, but you will feel the astringent taste.
- the pH is in the range of 10-11.
- a konjak gel crushed product having a distribution in a range such that the particle size of 2700 ⁇ m or more is 10% by weight or less and the grain size of less than 300 ⁇ m is 10% by weight or less.
- the particle size is preferably in the range of 700 to 1700 ⁇ m in mode diameter.
- ⁇ Test 3-3> Examination of dough for the base material of shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food (Test 3-3-1) to (Test Example 3-3-4) Instead of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food base material prepared in Test Example 3-2-1, a base material material was prepared based on the formulation shown in Table 14 below, and the shrimp-like material was prepared in the same manner as in Test Example 3-2-1. Vacuum freeze-dried food samples were prepared. The prepared shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food sample was evaluated for stability and texture in the same manner as in Test 3-2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 15 below.
- the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food affected the texture but did not significantly affect the stability.
- the amount of glucomannan added to the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food is preferably 1.5 to 4% by weight, and the pH of the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food is 9.5 to 10. 5 is preferable.
- ⁇ Test 3-4> Examination of the ratio of the dough of the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food to the crushed konjak (Test Example 3-4-1) to (Test Example 3-4-5) Test Example using a base material obtained by mixing the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food prepared in Test Example 3-2-1 and the crushed konjak prepared in Test Example 3-1-1 at the ratio shown in Table 16 below.
- a shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food was prepared according to the method of 3-2-1.
- the stability, texture and restoration rate were measured in the same manner as in Test 3-2.
- the evaluation results and measurement results are also shown in Table 16 below.
- the preferred range of the blending amount of the konjac gel crushed product in the base material is preferably 10 to 80% by weight in the base material.
- Test Example 3-5-3 A shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food sample was prepared according to Test Example 3-2-1 except that the ratio of the base material to the konjac gel was 7: 3.
- Test 3-5 stability and sensory evaluation were performed in the same manner as for Test 3-2.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 17 below.
- the mixing ratio of the base material and the gel was preferably in the range of 7: 3 to 3: 7. More preferably, it is considered to be in the range of 6: 4 to 4: 6.
- the leavening agent of Test Examples 4-1-2 to 4-1-4 is baking powder No. 77 of Zen Akada Co., Ltd.
- the leavening agent of Test Examples 4-1-5 to 4-1-7 is Baking Powder No. 77.
- Baking soda sodium hydrogen carbonate
- the foaming emulsifier of Test Examples 4-1-8 to 4-1-10 Pure Up (registered trademark) 100 of RIKEN Vitamin Co., Ltd. was used.
- the sample prepared in Test 4-1 was placed in a container, restored with boiling water for 3 minutes and eaten, and the stability and sensory evaluation were performed.
- the evaluation was carried out by five veteran panelists, and for the stability, those with sufficient condensate were ⁇ , those with condensate were ⁇ , and those with partial condensate were not. ⁇ , and those whose cores were not condensed as a whole were marked with ⁇ .
- the texture and flavor were evaluated, and very good ones were evaluated as ⁇ , good ones were evaluated as ⁇ , inferior ones were evaluated as ⁇ , and very inferior ones were evaluated as ⁇ .
- the ratio of the weight after eating (restoration rate) to the weight before eating was measured for each sample. The evaluation results and measurement results are shown in Table 19 below.
- the base material of the shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food according to the present invention contains 1 to 1 to sodium hydrogen carbonate as a leavening agent in addition to glucomannan and an alkaline agent. It preferably contains 3% by weight or 1 to 3% by weight of a foaming emulsifier.
- Glucomannan is preferably added to the base material in an amount of 1.5 to 4% by weight, and the alkaline agent is preferably added so that the pH of the base material is in the range of 9.5 to 10.5.
- Test Example 4-2-2 A shrimp-like vacuum freeze-dried food was prepared according to Test Example 4-1-3 except that the ratio of the base material to the konjac gel was 4: 6.
- Test 4-2 stability and sensory evaluation were performed in the same manner as for Test 4-1.
- the evaluation results and measurement results are shown in Table 20 below.
- the mixing ratio of the base material and the gel was preferably in the range of 7: 3 to 3: 7. More preferably, it is considered to be in the range of 6: 4 to 4: 6.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係るコンニャクゲルは、具体的には、ゲル中にグルコマンナンを3.5~12重量%含み、水分は70~90重量%、ゲルの大きさは、長辺が7~20mm、厚みが0.5~1.5mmあり、ゲル断面に100μm2以上の細孔を計測した空隙率が9~17%であり、ゲル断面における最大細孔空隙率が3~6%の多孔質構造を有し、冷凍変性されているものである。
本発明に係るコンニャクゲル中に含有するグルコマンナンの含有量としては、コンニャクゲル重量に対して3.5~12重量%であることが好ましい。グルコマンナンは、ゲルの骨格を形成するため、3.5重量%よりも少なくなるとコンニャクゲルの弾力が弱くなる。グルコマンナンの添加量が12重量%よりも多くなると他の添加物の含有量が少なくなる。本発明に係るコンニャクゲル中に含有するグルコマンナンの含有量は、コンニャクゲルの水分量や他の添加物の添加量により左右するが、より好ましくは、8.5~10.5重量%である。
本発明に係るコンニャクゲルは、加工澱粉を含有することができる。加工澱粉を含有することにより、グルコマンナンだけでは、出せない食感を表現することができる。澱粉の種類は、馬鈴薯澱粉、タピオカ澱粉、小麦澱粉及びコーンスターチ等の各種澱粉を使用することができる。加工澱粉としては、架橋澱粉、エーテル化澱粉、アセチル化澱粉、酸化澱粉などが挙げられるが、凍結処理をするため、冷凍耐性があることが好ましく、リン酸架橋澱粉、エーテル化澱粉、エーテル化リン酸架橋澱粉が好ましい。加工澱粉の含有量としては、コンニャクゲル中に4.5~18重量%含まれることが好ましい。4.5重量%未満であると加工澱粉による食感改善効果が弱く、18重量%よりも多くなると加工澱粉の食感が強くなりすぎる。本発明に係るコンニャクゲル中に含有する加工澱粉の含有量は、コンニャクゲルの水分量や他の添加物の添加量により左右するが、より好ましくは、13.5~16.5重量%である。
本発明に係るコンニャクゲルの水分は70~90重量%が好ましい。通常のコンニャクゲルの水分は、90%よりも多い場合が多いが、本発明に係るコンニャクゲルは、多孔質構造を得るためにマイクロ波などで処理されるため、水分が蒸発する。水分が70重量%未満となると、急激にゲルが発砲し、多孔質構造が不適となるため食感が悪くなる。逆に水分が90重量%よりも高くなると十分な多孔質構造を得られない。また、本発明に係るコンニャクゲルを用いてエビ様食品などを作製する場合には、コンニャクゲル以外の基材の水分よりも低くすることで、基材から水分移行によるコンニャクゲルの食感劣化を抑制することができる。より好ましい水分量としては、70~80重量%である。
本発明に係るコンニャクゲルの形状は、直方体に限らず、楕円柱でも、不定形でもよいが、長辺が7~20mm、厚みが0.5~1.5mmが好ましい。本発明において、長辺とは、コンニャクゲルの最長の長さを示し、厚みは、コンニャクゲルの最短の長さを示す。例えば、10x5x1mmの長方形状であれば、長辺が10mm、厚みが1mmとなる。また、径が1.5mm、長さが10mmの円柱状であれば、長辺10mm、厚み1.5mmとなる。長辺が7mmよりも短いと噛んだ時にコンニャクゲルの食感を感じにくく、20mmよりも大きいと、コンニャクゲルを混ぜるなどの加工がしづらくなる。また、厚みが0.5mmよりも薄いとコンニャクゲルの弾力を感じにくく、1.5mmよりも厚くなるとコンニャクゲルの弾力を強く感じすぎる。また、コンニャクゲルの形状としては、出来るだけ細長い形状が好ましく、長辺や厚み以外の3次元方向の長さ(短辺)は、5mm以下が好ましい。
本発明に係るコンニャクゲルは、空隙率が9~17%の多孔質構造を有する。本発明に係る空隙率は、ゲルの断面を電子顕微鏡で観察した時に断面の100μm2以上の細孔の面積を計測し、計測した断面の面積に対する細孔の総面積の割合である。空隙率が9%未満であると詰まった弾力の強いゲルのような食感となる。逆に空隙率が17%よりも大きいと膨化が起こりすぎ過乾燥になるため、繊維感が強く噛み切りづらくなる。
本発明に係るコンニャクゲルは、冷凍変性されている。コンニャクゲルを冷凍変性する方法としては、特に限定はなく、通常の-18℃程度の冷凍庫で凍結させても、-35℃以下の急速凍結庫で凍結させてもよい。冷凍することにより、コンニャクゲルが変性し、適度な食感を有するようになる。
コンニャクゲルの作製方法としては、下記の方法が例示される。
グルコマンナン、炭酸ソーダや水酸化カルシウムなどのアルカリ剤と水を混合し、生地を作製する。アルカリ剤の他に、加工澱粉や食塩、アミノ酸、調味料、色素、香料などを添加することもできる。グルコマンナンの添加量としては、生地の重量に対して2.5~4重量%の範囲が好ましい。2.5重量%未満であるとゲルの強度が弱く、4重量%よりも多いとゲルの強度が強い。なお、本発明に係るグルコマンナンとしては、グルコマンナン製剤を使用しても、コンニャク粉を使用してもよく、グルコマンナンとして、上記添加量を含むことが好ましい。アルカリ剤の添加量としては、特に限定はなく、生地のpHが10~11が添加することが好ましい。加工澱粉の添加量としては、生地の重量に対して3.5~8重量%の範囲が好ましい。8重量%よりも多くなると澱粉の性状が強くなり、3.5重量%未満になると澱粉の効果が得られにくい。水の添加量としては、他の添加資材の量にもよるが、添加量に生地の重量に対して生地の水分が90±5重量%となるように添加すればよい。生地の混合方法としては、フードミキサーなどの装置に水を入れ、グルコマンナンや澱粉、食塩などの粉末物を混合したものを添加後、撹拌混合し、最後にアルカリ剤を添加し混合すればよい。アルカリ剤の添加が早すぎると生地が凝固し始めるため好ましくない。
生地作製工程で作製した生地を成形する。成型方法は特に限定はなく、型枠に入れて成型する方法、板に薄く延ばして成形する方法、ロールにより成形する方法、筒等に入れて穴から押し出すことにより成形する方法が挙げられる。成型する形状は特に限定はないが、シート状や麺線状に成型することが好ましく、シート状の場合は、厚みが0.5~1.5mmとなるように、麺線状の場合は、径や厚みが0.5~1.5mmとなるように成形することが好ましい。
成型した生地を蒸煮により加熱凝固しゲル化物を作製する。蒸煮の方法は、特に限定はなく、生地がしっかり凝固する程度に行えばよい。例えば、90℃以上のスチームで5~20分程度蒸すことや、90℃以上の熱湯で5~10分程度加熱する方法が挙げられる。
加熱凝固したゲル化物の粗熱をとり、凍結する。凍結することにより、ゲルが変性することでコンニャクのゲルっぽい食感から適度な弾力のある食感となるだけでなく、後述する細断工程で細断しやすくなる。凍結方法は特に限定はなく、例えば、エアブラスト式のトンネルフリーザー、スパイラルフリーザー、ワゴンフリーザーや急速凍結庫、ブライン式のフレキシブルフリーザー等が適用できる。凍結は、ゲル化物の品温が-18℃程度以下となるまでしっかりと凍結することが好ましい。
凍結したゲル化物を所定の大きさに切断する。切断方法は特に限定はなく、ロール刃に切断する方法や、包丁刃により切断する方法などが挙げられる。切断後のゲルは一番長い辺(長辺)が7~20mm程度、ゲルの一番短い辺が(厚み)が0.5~1.5mmとなるように切断する。また、コンニャクゲルの形状としては、出来るだけ細長い形状が好ましく、長辺や厚み以外の3次元方向の長さ(短辺)は、5mm以下が好ましい。例えば、凍結したゲル化物が麺線状の場合であれば、長さが7~20mmとなるように回転刃や包丁刃で切断すればよく、シート状であれば長辺が7~20mm、短辺が0.5~5mmの直方体となるように切断すればよい。長辺が7mmよりも短いと噛んだ時にコンニャクゲルの食感を感じにくく、20mmよりも大きいと、コンニャクゲルを混ぜるなどの加工しづらくなる。また、厚みが0.5mmよりも薄いとコンニャクゲルの弾力を感じにくく、1.5mmよりも厚くなるとコンニャクゲルの弾力を強く感じすぎる。また、形状が正方形の板状に近づくとエビ様食品を作製する際に加工しづらくなる。
細断工程で細断したゲルを多孔質化する。多孔質化の方法は、マイクロ波処理や凍結乾燥後、復水する方法が挙げられ、多孔質構造がゲル断面における100μm2以上の細孔を計測した空隙率が9~17%であり、ゲル断面における最大細孔空隙率が3~6%の範囲になるように行えばよい。マイクロ波処理の場合は、できるだけ低ワットで行う方が、多孔質構造をコントロールしやすい。また、マイクロ波処理によって水分も蒸散するため、水分調整する必要も少ない。例えば200Wで処理する場合は、1~10分程度処理することが好ましい。水分が70重量%未満となると、マイクロ波処理の場合、空隙率が高くなり、大きな細孔ができるようになる。逆に水分が90重量%よりも高いと、細孔が小さく、空隙率も不十分になる。真空凍結乾燥の場合は、一度乾燥した後、水を吸水させて水分を70~90重量%に調整する。水分が70重量%未満となると、弾力が強く、乾いた硬い食感となる。逆に水分が90重量%よりも多いとゲルがみずみずしくなるが、弾力が弱くなる。マイクロ波処理の場合も真空凍結乾燥の場合も、水分が70~80重量%の範囲がより好ましい。なお、マイクロ波処理や真空凍結乾燥による多孔質化工程を行っても、ゲルの形状は細断処理後の形状とほとんど変わらない。
本発明に係るエビ様食品は、上記本発明に係るコンニャクゲルを使用する。本発明に係るコンニャクゲルは、カニ蒲鉾の様に魚肉のすり身を基材として使用したエビ様食品にも使用することができるが、特に菜食主義対応のため、本発明ではグルコマンナンを基材として使用したエビ様食品の製造方法について記載する。
本発明に係るエビ様食品の基材の役割としては、本発明に係るコンニャクゲルをまとめて結着させるだけでなく、コンニャクゲル間を埋め、コンニャクゲルの食感だけでは表現できない、エビ様の舌ざわりや固形物感を付与し、全体としてエビ様食品の食感を調整する役割がある。本発明に係るエビ様食品の基材としては、グルコマンナン、タンパク質素材、加工澱粉、アルカリ剤を使用する。
基材作製工程で作製したエビ様食品の基材と、本発明に係るコンニャクゲルを混合する。混合方法は特に限定はないが、コンニャクゲルが破損しない程度で素早く均質に混ぜればよい。エビ様食品の基材とコンニャクゲルとの混合比(重量比)は、3:7~7:3の比で混合することが好ましい。エビ様食品の基材が多すぎるとコンニャクゲルの食感を感じにくく、エビ様食品の基材が少なすぎるとコンニャクゲルとエビ様食品の基材の混合物が成形しづらく、コンニャクゲルの食感が強くなる。
混合工程で作製した混合物を成形し成形物を作製する。成型方法は特に限定はなく、図14で示すようなエビ状の成形型や口金から絞り出すことで成形すればよい。成型工程において金型を使用する場合、金型を着色しておくことで表面にエビ様の着色をすることができる。
成型工程で成形した成形物を蒸煮し、加熱凝固させる。蒸煮方法は、この場合スチームによる方法が好ましい。ボイルの場合、成形物の形状が壊れる可能性がある。スチーム方法は、作製する成形物の大きさによるため特に限定はなく、生地がしっかり凝固する程度に行えばよく、90℃以上のスチームで5~20分程度蒸すことが好ましい。
加熱工程で加熱凝固した成形物は、冷却後そのままエビ様食品として喫食することができる。また、すぐに使用しない場合は、冷凍することで冷凍物として流通することもできる。そうすることで基材からコンニャクゲルへの経時的な水分移行を抑えることができ、食感を使用時まで維持することができる。
(コンニャクゲル作製工程)
本発明に係るエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法のコンニャクゲル作製工程は、上述したコンニャクゲルの製造方法に従って作製すればよい。
本発明に係るコンニャクゲル破砕物は、乾燥物が高度な復水性を有し、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材内部に含まれることで、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材やコンニャクゲルの復水を促進する効果がある。本発明に係るコンニャクゲル破砕物としては、グルコマンナン、アルカリ剤の他に加工澱粉を含む。その他の資材としては、食塩、アミノ酸、調味料、色素、香料などを添加することもできる。
本発明に係るエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材の役割としては、本発明に係るコンニャクゲルをまとめて結着させ、全体としてエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の食感を調整するだけでなく、乾燥後の復元しやすくする役割がある。本発明に係るエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材としては、グルコマンナン、アルカリ剤と、水とを混合した基材生地とコンニャクゲル破砕物を使用する。
基材作製工程で作製したエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材と、コンニャクゲル作製工程で作製したコンニャクゲルを混合する。混合方法は特に限定はないが、コンニャクゲルが破損しない程度で素早く均質に混ぜればよい。エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材とコンニャクゲルとの混合比(重量比)は、3:7~7:3の比で混合することが好ましい。エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材が多すぎるとコンニャクゲルの食感を感じにくく、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材が少なすぎるとコンニャクゲルとエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材の混合物が成形しづらく、コンニャクゲルの食感が強くなる。
混合工程で作製した混合物を成形する。成型方法は特に限定はなく、図14で示すようなエビ状の成形型や口金から絞り出すことで成形すればよい。成型工程において金型を使用する場合、金型を着色しておくことで表面にエビ様の着色をすることができる。
成型工程で成形した成形物を蒸煮し、混合物を加熱凝固させる。蒸煮方法は、この場合スチームによる方法が好ましい。ボイルの場合、成形物の形状が壊れる可能性がある。スチーム方法は、作製する成形物の大きさによるため、特に限定はなく、生地がしっかり凝固する程度に行えばよく、90℃以上のスチームで5~20分程度蒸すことが好ましい。
加熱凝固した混合物を凍結する。凍結のための手段は、従来技術を適用することができる。例えば、エアブラスト式のトンネルフリーザー、スパイラルフリーザー、ワゴンフリーザーや急速凍結庫、ブライン式のフレキシブルフリーザー等が適用できる。例えば、約-30℃のプレハブ式急速凍結庫を利用して急速に行うことができる。凍結方法は特に限定しないが、混合物の品温が-18℃以下となるようにしっかりと凍結する。
(コンニャクゲル作製工程)
本発明に係るエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法の別態様におけるコンニャクゲル作製工程は、上述したコンニャクゲルの製造方法に従って作製すればよい。
本発明に係るエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法の別態様の基材の役割としては、本発明に係るコンニャクゲルをまとめて結着させ、全体としてエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の食感を調整するだけでなく、乾燥後の復元しやすくする役割がある。本発明に係るエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法の別態様の基材としては、グルコマンナン、アルカリ剤の他に膨化剤または起泡性のある乳化剤を使用する。
基材作製工程で作製したエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法の別態様の基材と、コンニャクゲル作製工程で作製したコンニャクゲルを混合する。混合方法は特に限定はないが、コンニャクゲルが破損しない程度で素早く均質に混ぜればよい。基材とコンニャクゲルとの混合比(重量比)は、3:7~7:3の比で混合することが好ましい。基材が多すぎるとコンニャクゲルの食感を感じにくく、基材が少なすぎるとコンニャクゲルと基材の混合物が成形しづらく、コンニャクゲルの食感が強くなる。
混合工程で作製した混合物を成形する。成型方法は特に限定はなく、図14で示すようにエビ状の成形型や口金から絞り出すことで成形すればよい。成型工程において金型を使用する場合、金型を着色しておくことで表面にエビ様の着色をすることができる。
成型工程で成形した混合物を蒸煮し、混合物を加熱凝固させる。加熱方法としては、膨化剤を使用する場合は、混合物中の膨化剤が発砲し、混合物がしっかり凝固する程度に行えばよく、起泡性のある乳化剤を使用する場合は、混合物がしっかり凝固し、気泡が壊れない程度に行えばよく、例えば、90℃以上のスチームで5~20分程度蒸すことが好ましい。
加熱凝固した混合物を凍結する。凍結のための手段は、従来技術を適用することができる。例えば、エアブラスト式のトンネルフリーザー、スパイラルフリーザー、ワゴンフリーザーや急速凍結庫、ブライン式のフレキシブルフリーザー等が適用できる。例えば、約-30℃のプレハブ式急速凍結庫を利用して急速に行うことができる。凍結方法は特に限定しないが、混合物の品温が-18℃以下となるようにしっかりと凍結する。
(試験例1-1)
下記表1に記載した資材の内、水と炭酸ソーダを除き、粉体混合し、フードミキサーに水を入れ、粉体混合物を添加し、フードミキサーで均質に混ざるように1分程度撹拌した後、炭酸ソーダを添加し、1分さらに撹拌し、生地を作製した。
試験例1-1と同様に生地を加熱凝固した後、-40℃の凍結庫で15分程度凍結した。凍結したゲルを10x5mmに裁断機で細断し、自然解凍して評価サンプルとした。
試験例1-2で細断したゲルを40℃の熱風で水分が73重量%となるように乾燥し、評価サンプルとした。
試験例1-2で細断したゲルを電子レンジにて200W、8分間処理し(水分73重量%)、評価サンプルとした。
試験例1-2で細断したゲルを真空凍結乾燥機を用いて、棚温60℃、真空度1.5torr以下で水分が2重量%となるまで乾燥した後、水を添加し水分が73重量%となるまで復元し、評価サンプルとした。
(試験例1-6)
電子レンジによる処理を200W、1分とする以外は、試験例1-4の方法に従って、評価サンプルを作製した(水分89.5重量%)。
電子レンジによる処理を200W、5分とする以外は、試験例1-4の方法に従って、評価サンプルを作製した(水分80重量%)。
電子レンジによる処理を200W、10分とする以外は、試験例1-4の方法に従って、評価サンプルを作製した(水分71.0重量%)。
電子レンジによる処理を1000W、1分とする以外は、試験例1-4の方法に従って、評価サンプルを作製した(水分82重量%)。
電子レンジによる処理を1000W、5分とする以外は、試験例1-4の方法に従って、評価サンプルを作製した(水分1.5重量%)。
電子レンジによる処理を1000W、5分とした後、水で復水し水分を71重量%とする以外は試験例1-4の方法に従って、評価サンプルを作製した。
(試験例1-12)~(試験例1-20)
コンニャクゲルの配合を下記表5とする以外は、試験例1-8の方法に従ってコンニャクゲルを作製した。ただし、水分が71重量%となるようにマイクロ波処理の時間は、試験例ごとに微調整した。
(試験例1-21)
コンニャクゲルの厚みを0.5mmとする以外は、試験例1-8の方法に従ってコンニャクゲルを作製した。
コンニャクゲルの厚みを1.5mmとする以外は、試験例1-8の方法に従ってコンニャクゲルを作製した。
加熱凝固したゲルを5x5mmに裁断機で細断する以外は、試験例1-8の方法に従ってコンニャクゲルを作製した。
加熱凝固したゲルを7x5mmに裁断機で細断する以外は、試験例1-8の方法に従ってコンニャクゲルを作製した。
加熱凝固したゲルを20x5mmに裁断機で細断する以外は、試験例1-8の方法に従ってコンニャクゲルを作製した。
加熱凝固したゲルを10x2.5mmに裁断機で細断する以外は、試験例1-8の方法に従ってコンニャクゲルを作製した。
加熱凝固したゲルを10x10mmに裁断機で細断する以外は、試験例1-8の方法に従ってコンニャクゲルを作製した。
加熱凝固したゲルを2.5x2.5mmに裁断機で細断する以外は、試験例1-8の方法に従ってコンニャクゲルを作製した。
(試験例2-1)~(試験例2-12)
下記表7に記載した資材の内、水、乳化油脂、油溶性のエビ香料、炭酸ソーダを除き、粉体混合した後、フードミキサーに水に乳化油脂及び油溶性エビ香料を分散させた液を添加し、次いで粉体混合物を添加し、均質に混ざるように1分程度撹拌した後、炭酸ソーダを添加し、1分さらに撹拌し、基材を作製した。
(試験例2-13)
試験例2-1で作製したエビ様食品を200Wで30秒間マイクロ波処理し、評価サンプルとした。
試験例2-1で作製したエビ様食品を40℃の熱風で3分間乾燥し、評価サンプルとした。
基材とコンニャクゲルの比を3:7とする以外は試験例2-13に従って、エビ様食品を作製した。
基材とコンニャクゲルの比を4:6とする以外は試験例2-13に従って、エビ様食品を作製した。
基材とコンニャクゲルの比を7:3とする以外は試験例2-13に従って、エビ様食品を作製した。
(試験例3-1-1)~(試験例3-1-9)
下記表10に記載した資材の内、水及び炭酸ソーダを除き、粉体混合した後、フードミキサーに水を入れ、粉体混合した粉体物を入れ、均質に混ざるように1分程度撹拌した後、炭酸ソーダを添加し、1分さらに撹拌し、コンニャクゲル破砕物用の生地を作製した。
ゲル化物の破砕時間を2分とする以外は、試験例3-1-1に従って、コンニャクゲル破砕物を作製した。
ゲル化物の破砕時間を1分とする以外は、試験例3-1-1に従って、コンニャクゲル破砕物を作製した。
試験例3-1-1で破砕したコンニャクゲル破砕物を、1mmメッシュの篩に掛けてコンニャクゲル破砕物とした。
試験例3-1-1で破砕したコンニャクゲル破砕物を、0.85mmメッシュの篩に掛けてコンニャクゲル破砕物とした。
試験例3-1-1で破砕したコンニャクゲル破砕物を、0.5mmメッシュの篩に掛けてコンニャクゲル破砕物とした。
(試験例3-2-1)~(試験例3-2-15)
下記表12に記載された資材の内、水、乳化油脂、ごま油、炭酸ソーダを除き、粉体混合した後、フードミキサーに水に乳化油脂及びごま油を分散させた液を添加し、次いで粉体混合物を入れ、フードミキサーで均質に混ざるように1分程度撹拌した後、炭酸ソーダを添加し、1分さらに撹拌し、基材生地を作製した。
(試験3-3-1)~(試験例3-3-4)
試験例3-2-1で作製したエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材生地の代わりに下記表14の配合に基づいて基材生地を作製し、試験例3-2-1と同様にエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品サンプルを作製した。作製したエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品サンプルは、試験3-2と同様に復元性、食感の評価を行った。評価結果を下記表15に示す。
(試験例3-4-1)~(試験例3-4-5)
試験例3-2-1で作製したエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の基材生地と試験例3-1-1で作製したコンニャク破砕物を下記表16の割合で混合した基材を用い、試験例3-2-1の方法に従って、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品を作製した。試験3-2と同様に復元性、食感の評価及び復元率の測定を行った。評価結果及び測定結果を同じく下記表16に示す。
(試験例3-5-1)
基材とコンニャクゲルの比を3:7とする以外は試験例3-2-1に従って、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品サンプルを作製した。
基材とコンニャクゲルの比を4:6とする以外は試験例3-2-1に従って、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品サンプルを作製した。
基材とコンニャクゲルの比を7:3とする以外は試験例3-2-1に従って、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品サンプルを作製した。
(試験例4-1-1)~(試験例4-1-14)
下記表18に記載された資材の内、水、乳化油脂、ごま油、炭酸ソーダを除き、粉体混合した後、水に乳化油脂及びごま油を分散させた液を添加し、フードミキサーで均質に混ざるように1分程度撹拌した後、炭酸ソーダを添加し、1分さらに撹拌し、基材を作製した。
(試験例4-2-1)
基材とコンニャクゲルの比を3:7とする以外は試験例4-1-3に従って、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品を作製した。
基材とコンニャクゲルの比を4:6とする以外は試験例4-1-3に従って、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品を作製した。
基材とコンニャクゲルの比を7:3とする以外は試験例4-1-3に従って、エビ様真空凍結乾燥食品を作製した。
Claims (8)
- 下記構成(A)~(G)を有するコンニャクゲル。
(A)グルコマンナン含量が3.5~12重量%
(B)水分含量が70~90重量%
(C)ゲルの長辺が7~20mm
(D)ゲルの厚みが0.5~1.5mm
(E)ゲルの断面における100μm2以上の細孔を計測した空隙率が9~17%
(F)ゲルの断面における最大細孔空隙率が3~6%
(G)冷凍変性されている - 下記構成(H)を有する請求項1記載のコンニャクゲル。
(H)加工澱粉の含量が4.5~18重量% - 生地の重量に対して2.5~4重量%のグルコマンナンと、アルカリ剤と、水と、を混合し、生地のpHが10~11となるように生地を作製する生地作製工程と、
作製した前記生地を成型する成形工程と、
成型した前記生地を蒸煮し、ゲル化物を作製する蒸煮工程と、
作製した前記ゲル化物を凍結する凍結工程と、
凍結した前記ゲル化物を大きさが長辺7~20mm、厚みが0.5~1.5mmに細断する細断工程と、
細断した前記ゲル化物をマイクロ波または減圧乾燥により、水分が70~90重量%で、ゲルの断面における100μm2以上の細孔を計測した空隙率が9~17%、最大細孔空隙率が3~6%となるように多孔質化する多孔質化工程と、を含むコンニャクゲルの製造方法。 - 前記生地作製工程において、前記生地の重量に対して加工澱粉3.5~8重量%添加することを特徴とする請求項3記載のコンニャクゲルの製造方法。
- コンニャクゲルと、基材と、を含むエビ様食品の製造方法であって、
前記コンニャクゲルの生地の重量に対して、2.5~4重量%のグルコマンナンと、アルカリ剤と、水と、を混合し、前記生地のpHが10~11となるように前記生地を作製した後、前記生地を成形し、蒸煮して前記生地をゲル化し、ゲル化した前記生地を凍結し、大きさが長辺7~20mm、厚みが0.5~1.5mmに細断した後、マイクロ波または減圧乾燥により、水分が70~90重量%で、ゲルの断面における100μm2以上の細孔を計測した空隙率が9~17%、最大細孔空隙率が3~6%となるように多孔質化した前記コンニャクゲルを作製するコンニャクゲル作製工程と、
前記基材の重量に対して、グルコマンナン3~4.5重量%と、タンパク質素材1~3重量%と、加工澱粉8~15重量%と、アルカリ剤と、水と、を混合し、前記基材のpHが9.5~10.5となるように前記基材を作製する基材作製工程と、
前記基材と、前記コンニャクゲルと、を3:7~7:3の比で混合し、混合物を作製する混合工程と、
前記混合物を成形し、成形物を作製する成型工程と、
前記成形物を蒸煮し、加熱凝固させる加熱工程と、を含むエビ様食品の製造方法。 - 前記加熱工程の後、加熱凝固した成形物の表面を乾燥する乾燥工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項5記載のエビ様食品の製造方法。
- コンニャクゲルと、コンニャクゲル破砕物を含む基材と、を含むエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法であって、
前記コンニャクゲルの生地の重量に対して、2.5~4重量%のグルコマンナンと、アルカリ剤と、水と、を混合し、前記コンニャクゲルの生地のpHが10~11となるように前記コンニャクゲルの生地を作製した後、前記コンニャクゲルの生地を成形し、蒸煮して前記コンニャクゲルの生地をゲル化し、ゲル化した前記コンニャクゲルの生地を凍結し、大きさが長辺7~20mm、厚みが0.5~1.5mmに細断した後、マイクロ波または減圧乾燥により、水分が70~90重量%で、ゲルの断面における100μm2以上の細孔を計測した空隙率が9~17%、最大細孔空隙率が3~6%となるように多孔質化した前記コンニャクゲルを作製するコンニャクゲル作製工程と、
前記コンニャクゲル破砕物の生地の重量に対して、2~4.5重量%のグルコマンナンと、1~12重量%の加工澱粉と、アルカリ剤と、水とを混合し、前記コンニャクゲル破砕物の生地のpHが10~11となるように前記コンニャクゲル破砕物の生地を作製した後、前記コンニャクゲル破砕物の生地を成形し、蒸煮して前記コンニャクゲル破砕物の生地をゲル化し、破砕して前記コンニャクゲル破砕物を作製するコンニャクゲル破砕物作製工程と、
基材生地の重量に対して、1.5~4重量%のグルコマンナンと、アルカリ剤と、水とを混合し、pHが10~11となるように作製した前記基材生地と、前記コンニャクゲル破砕物と、を前記基材中に前記コンニャクゲル破砕物を10~80重量%含むように混合し、前記コンニャクゲル破砕物を含む前記基材を作製する基材作製工程と、
前記コンニャクゲルと、前記基材と、を3:7~7:3の比で混合し混合物を作製する混合物作製工程と、
前記混合物を成形し、成形物を作製する成型工程と、
前記成型工程で成形した前記成形物を加熱し、加熱凝固する加熱工程と、
加熱凝固した前記成形物を凍結し、真空凍結乾燥する真空凍結乾燥工程と、を含むことを特徴とするエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法。 - コンニャクゲルと、基材とを含むエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法であって、
前記コンニャクゲルの生地の重量に対して、2.5~4重量%のグルコマンナンと、アルカリ剤と、水と、を混合し、前記コンニャクゲルの生地のpHが10~11となるように前記コンニャクゲルの生地を作製した後、前記コンニャクゲルの生地を成形し、蒸煮して前記コンニャクゲルの生地をゲル化し、ゲル化した前記コンニャクゲルの生地を凍結し、大きさが長辺7~20mm、厚みが0.5~1.5mmに細断した後、マイクロ波または減圧乾燥により、水分が70~90重量%で、ゲルの断面における100μm2以上の細孔を計測した空隙率が9~17%、最大細孔空隙率が3~6%となるように多孔質化した前記コンニャクゲルを作製するコンニャクゲル作製工程と、
前記基材の重量に対して、1.5~4重量%のグルコマンナンと、0.1~0.6重量%のアルカリ剤と、1~3重量%の炭酸水素ナトリウムまたは1~3重量%の起泡性のある乳化剤と、水と、を混合し、前記基材を作製する基材作製工程と、
前記コンニャクゲルと、前記基材と、を3:7~7:3の比で混合し混合物を作製する混合物作製工程と、
前記混合物を成形し、成形物を作製する成型工程と、
前記成型工程で成形した前記成形物を加熱し、加熱凝固する加熱工程と、
加熱凝固した前記成形物を凍結し、真空凍結乾燥する真空凍結乾燥工程と、を含むことを特徴とするエビ様真空凍結乾燥食品の製造方法。
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| EP21775183.3A EP4129081B1 (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-03-10 | Konjac gel, method for producing same, shrimp-like food using said konjac gel, and method for producing shrimp-like and vacuum freeze-dried food |
| US17/763,137 US20220346422A1 (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-03-10 | Konjak gel, method for producing same, shrimp-like food using konjak gel, and method for producing shrimp-like, vacuum-freeze dried food |
| CN202180005592.4A CN114449905A (zh) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-03-10 | 魔芋凝胶及其制造方法以及使用了该魔芋凝胶的虾样食品和虾样真空冻结干燥食品的制造方法 |
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| WO2024143208A1 (ja) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-07-04 | 東洋製罐グループホールディングス株式会社 | エビ様食品、及びエビ様食品の製造方法 |
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| WO2024143208A1 (ja) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-07-04 | 東洋製罐グループホールディングス株式会社 | エビ様食品、及びエビ様食品の製造方法 |
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| US20220346422A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
| EP4129081B1 (en) | 2025-09-10 |
| EP4129081A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
| CN114449905A (zh) | 2022-05-06 |
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