WO2021161989A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子及びジアミン - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子及びジアミン Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021161989A1 WO2021161989A1 PCT/JP2021/004755 JP2021004755W WO2021161989A1 WO 2021161989 A1 WO2021161989 A1 WO 2021161989A1 JP 2021004755 W JP2021004755 W JP 2021004755W WO 2021161989 A1 WO2021161989 A1 WO 2021161989A1
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- diamine
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- 0 CC(C)(*)OC(*1c(CCCCC(Nc(ccc(C)c2)c2NC(OC(C)(C)*)=O)=O)[n]c2c1cc(C)cc2)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(*)OC(*1c(CCCCC(Nc(ccc(C)c2)c2NC(OC(C)(C)*)=O)=O)[n]c2c1cc(C)cc2)=O 0.000 description 8
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- PMTYXLIPOFQPSW-MPWNLHTBSA-N CC(C)(C(c(cc1)ccc1OCC/C=C(\C=C(/C=C\C)\N)/N)=O)O Chemical compound CC(C)(C(c(cc1)ccc1OCC/C=C(\C=C(/C=C\C)\N)/N)=O)O PMTYXLIPOFQPSW-MPWNLHTBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SVULLAKRZSFIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)OC(NCc(cc(cc1)N)c1N)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(NCc(cc(cc1)N)c1N)=O SVULLAKRZSFIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PFOULQDCSIVIDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)OC(NCc1cc(N)ccc1-c(cc1)c(CNC(OC(C)(C)C)=O)cc1N)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(NCc1cc(N)ccc1-c(cc1)c(CNC(OC(C)(C)C)=O)cc1N)=O PFOULQDCSIVIDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKDAZMCPRKEELF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C[O]1=O)(C(C2(C)C(O3)=O)C3=O)C2C1=O Chemical compound CC(C[O]1=O)(C(C2(C)C(O3)=O)C3=O)C2C1=O DKDAZMCPRKEELF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLACBMHBZVYOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#Cc(cc(cc1)[N+]([O-])=O)c1F Chemical compound N#Cc(cc(cc1)[N+]([O-])=O)c1F YLACBMHBZVYOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVVXPYXMVALTMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)cc(C#N)c1OCCOc(c(C#N)c1)ccc1[N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound Nc(cc1)cc(C#N)c1OCCOc(c(C#N)c1)ccc1[N+]([O-])=O CVVXPYXMVALTMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1N CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAFZPVANKKJENB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1OCCCCOc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1OCCCCOc(cc1)ccc1N LAFZPVANKKJENB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHDFKOSSEXYTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1OCCOc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1OCCOc(cc1)ccc1N HHDFKOSSEXYTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYCECQIOXZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(C(C1C2C(O3)=O)C2C3=O)OC1=O Chemical compound O=C(C(C1C2C(O3)=O)C2C3=O)OC1=O YGYCECQIOXZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILOCNLYUKFZVBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(C(CC12)C(C(C3)C(O4)=O)C1C3C4=O)OC2=O Chemical compound O=C(C(CC12)C(C(C3)C(O4)=O)C1C3C4=O)OC2=O ILOCNLYUKFZVBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/16—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/20—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer having a protecting group that replaces a hydrogen atom by heat, a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display element using the same, and a novel diamine used therein, which are used in a liquid crystal display element.
- liquid crystal display elements which differ in electrode structure, physical properties of liquid crystal molecules used, manufacturing process, etc.
- TN twisted nematic
- STN super-twisted nematic
- VA Vertical element type
- MVA multi-dominant virtual indicator
- IPS in-plane switching
- FFS far-field switching
- PSA polymer-suite
- the liquid crystal alignment film Due to the demand for suppressing the decrease in contrast of the liquid crystal display element and reducing the afterimage phenomenon with the increase in definition of the liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal alignment film has a high liquid crystal orientation and a stable pretilt angle in addition to the high definition. Characteristics such as voltage retention, suppression of afterimages generated by AC drive, small residual charge when a DC voltage is applied, and / or quick relaxation of the residual charge accumulated by the DC voltage are becoming increasingly important.
- Various proposals have been made for polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment films in order to meet the above requirements (see Patent Documents 1 to 5).
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-316200 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-104633 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-76128 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-138414 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-38415
- T 1 and T 2 are independently single-bonded, -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH-, -N (CH).
- W is a single bond or a divalent organic group (provided that T 1 or T 2 is a single bond.
- Q represents a substituent represented by the following formula (2). Two Qs in the molecule may be the same or different from each other.)
- X is one of a single bond, -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, and -S-
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- A is a protecting group that replaces a hydrogen atom by heat
- n is an integer of 1 to 6).
- liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention a liquid crystal display element having excellent adhesion (adhesion) between the polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film and the sealant or the substrate, and a liquid crystal alignment film that provides the liquid crystal display element can be obtained.
- a liquid crystal alignment film having excellent adhesion to the sealant can be obtained.
- a liquid crystal display element having excellent adhesion between substrates and being strong against impact can be obtained.
- the mechanism by which the adhesion to the sealant is improved is not necessarily clear, but the A group is removed from the NA group of the diamine by locating the group having the NA structure at a predetermined position on the benzene ring. It is considered that intramolecular cyclization is suppressed when they are separated and replaced with hydrogen atoms.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains a polymer (hereinafter, also referred to as a specific polymer) obtained from a diamine having a structure represented by the above formula (1) (hereinafter, also referred to as a specific structure). It is an agent.
- a polymer hereinafter, also referred to as a specific polymer
- a specific structure represented by the above formula (1)
- T 1 and T 2 are preferably single-bonded, -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH-, and respectively independently. It is any of -N (CH 3 )-, and W is preferably a hydrocarbon group containing a single bond or a linear, branched chain, or cyclic structure. The number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group is preferably 1 to 20, and a part of the hydrocarbon group may be substituted with -O-, -COO-, or -OCO-.
- Preferred specific examples of the cyclic structure include a phenylene group and a cyclohexylene group.
- X is preferably any one of single bond, -O-, -COO-, and -OCO-, and R 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- A is preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group and n is preferably an integer of 1-6.
- Specific examples of the diamine of the above formula (1) include, but are not limited to, the diamines represented by the following DA-1 to DA-4.
- Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- the polymer of the present invention is a polymer obtained by using the above diamine.
- Specific examples include polyamic acids, polyamic acid esters, polyimides, polyureas, polyamides, etc., but from the viewpoint of use as a liquid crystal aligning agent, a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following formula (3), And at least one selected from polyimide which is an imidized product thereof is more preferable.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine having a structure represented by the above formula (1)
- R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group from the viewpoint of ease of imidization by heating. There are two R 2 may be different from one another the same.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative, and its structure is not particularly limited. Further, X 1 in the polyimide precursor is required for solubility of the polymer in the solvent, coating property of the liquid crystal alignment agent, orientation of the liquid crystal when it is used as a liquid crystal alignment film, voltage retention rate, accumulated charge, and the like. It is appropriately selected according to the degree of the characteristics, and one kind may be used in the same polymer, or two or more kinds may be mixed in the same polymer.
- X 1 The preferred structure of X 1 is shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- (A-1) and (A-2) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of photoorientity, and (A-4) is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the relaxation rate of accumulated charges, and (A). -15) to (A-17) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the liquid crystal orientation and the relaxation rate of the accumulated charge.
- the polyimide precursor having the structural unit represented by the formula (3) is at least one selected from the structural unit represented by the following formula (4) and its imidized structure as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. May further have.
- X 2 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative
- Y 2 is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine that does not contain the structure of the formula (1) in the main chain direction.
- R 5 is the same as the definition of R 2 in the above formula (3)
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Further, it is preferable that at least one of twofold R 6 is hydrogen atom.
- the two R 5 and R 6 may be the same or different from each other.
- Y 2 in the polyimide precursor is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine that does not contain the structure of the formula (1) in the main chain direction, and the structure is not particularly limited. Further, Y 2 depends on the degree of required characteristics such as the solubility of the polymer in the solvent, the coatability of the liquid crystal alignment agent, the orientation of the liquid crystal when it is used as a liquid crystal alignment film, the voltage retention rate, and the accumulated charge. It may be appropriately selected, and one kind may be used in the same polymer, or two or more kinds may be mixed in the same polymer.
- Y 2 The preferred structure of Y 2 is shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- (B-28), (B-29) and the like are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the film hardness, and (B-1) to (B-3) and the like are liquid crystal oriented.
- (B-14) to (B-18) and (B-27) are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of further improvement of the relaxation rate of the accumulated charge, (B-26).
- Etc. are preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the voltage holding ratio.
- the two ns may be the same or different from each other.
- a diamine having a specific side chain structure is represented by, for example, the following formulas [1] and [2].
- X is a single bond, -O-, -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -NH-, -CO-, -NHCO-, -COO-,-(CH 2 ) m -,- Represents a divalent organic group consisting of SO 2-or any combination thereof.
- X is preferably a single bond, -O-, -NH-, -O- (CH 2 ) m- O-.
- Y independently represents at least one selected from the side chain structures represented by the formulas [S1] to [S3]. In the above formula [2], the two Ys may be the same or different from each other. Details of the side chain structures represented by the formulas [S1] to [S3] will be described later.
- Y may be in the meta position or the ortho position from the position of X, but the ortho position is preferable. That is, the above formula [2] is preferably the following formula [2'].
- the positions of the two amino groups may be any positions on the benzene ring, but the following formulas [2] -a1 to [2] -a3 can be used.
- the position represented is preferable, and the following formula [2] -a1 is more preferable.
- X is the same as in the above formula [2].
- the following formulas [2] -a1 to [2] -a3 explain the positions of the two amino groups, and the notation of Y represented in the above formula [2] is omitted.
- the above formula [2] is selected from the following formulas [2] -a1-1 to [2] -a3-2. It is preferable that the structure is one of the above, and the structure represented by the following formula [2] -a1-1 is more preferable. In the following formulas, X and Y are the same as in the formula [2], respectively.
- These two-sided chain diamines represented by the above formula [2] can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- one type alone or two or more types may be mixed and used, and when two or more types are mixed and used, the ratio may be appropriately adjusted. ..
- Y represents a specific side chain structure selected from the group represented by the following formulas [S1] to [S3].
- a specific side chain structure will be described in the order of the formulas [S1] to [S3].
- a diamine having a specific side chain structure represented by the following formula [S1].
- X 1 and X 2 are independently single-bonded,-(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1 to 15), -CONH-, -NHCO-, and -CON. (CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -COO-, -OCO- or-((CH 2 ) a1- A 1 ) m1- .
- the plurality of a1 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 15, each independently plurality of A 1 represents an oxygen atom or -COO-, m 1 is 1 or 2.
- X 1 and X 2 are independently single bonds, and-(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1 to 15). ), -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO- is preferable. More preferably, X 1 and X 2 are independently single-bonded,-(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1-10), -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO. -.
- G 1 and G 2 are independently selected from a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms 2 Represents a cyclic group of valences.
- Any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group may be an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- n and n are independently integers of 0 to 3, and the sum of m and n is 1 to 4.
- X 1, X 2, G 1 and G 2 have more than one plurality of X 1, X 2, G 1 and G 2 may be different be the same as each other, respectively.
- R 1 represents an alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy alkyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and any hydrogen forming R 1 is fluorine. It may be replaced.
- divalent aromatic groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include phenylene, biphenylene, naphthalene and the like.
- divalent alicyclic groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms include cyclopropylene and cyclohexylene.
- R 1 is the same as in the above formula [S1].
- X p is-(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1 to 15), -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON (CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -CH 2 Represents O-, -COO- or -OCO-.
- a 1 represents an oxygen atom or -COO- * (a bond with "*" binds to (CH 2 ) a2 ).
- a 2 represents an oxygen atom or * -COO- (a bond with "*" binds to (CH 2 ) a2 ).
- a 1 is an integer of 0 or 1
- a 2 is an integer of 2 to 10.
- Cy the group described as "Cy" in the cyclohexane ring, represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group.
- X 3 is a single bond, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON (CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -COO- or -OCO-. Represents. Among them from the viewpoints of the liquid crystal orientation, X 3 is -CONH -, - NHCO -, - O -, - CH 2 O -, - COO- or -OCO- are preferred.
- R 2 represents an alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxy alkyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and any hydrogen forming R 2 may be substituted with fluorine. Among them from the viewpoints of the liquid crystal orientation, R 2 is preferably alkoxyalkyl alkyl or C 2-20 having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- X 4 represents -CONH-, -NHCO-, -O-, -COO- or -OCO-.
- R 3 represents a structure having a steroid skeleton.
- the steroid skeleton here has a skeleton represented by the following formula (st) in which three 6-membered rings and one 5-membered ring are linked.
- Examples of the above formula [S3] include, but are not limited to, the following formula [S3-x].
- X represents the above formula [X1] or [X2].
- Col represents a group selected from the group consisting of the above formulas [Col1] to [Col3]
- G represents a group selected from the group consisting of the above formulas [G1] to [G4]. * Represents a site that binds to another group.
- Examples of preferable combinations of X, Col and G in the above formula [S3-x] include combinations of formulas [X1] and formulas [Col1] and [G2], formulas [X1] and formulas [Col2] and [G2]. , Combinations of formulas [X2] and formulas [Col1] and [G2], combinations of formulas [X2] and formulas [Col2] and [G2], combinations of formulas [X1] and formulas [Col3] and [G1]. Can be mentioned.
- diamines having a specific side chain structure represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3] can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- one type alone or two or more types may be mixed and used, and when two or more types are mixed and used, the ratio may be appropriately adjusted. ..
- examples of the diamine having a side chain structure selected from the group represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3] include, for example, the following formulas [1-S1] to [1-S3] and [2-S1], respectively. ] To [1-S3], and examples thereof include diamines having a structure of [1-S3].
- the formula [1-S1], in [2-S1], X 1 , X 2, G 1, G 2, R 1, m and n are the same as those in the formula [S1].
- the formula [1-S2], X 3 and R 2 are the same as those in the formula [S2].
- the formula [1-S3], X 4 and R 3 are the same as those in the formula [S3].
- X 1 , X 2 , G 1 , G 2 , X 3 , R 2 , X 4 , R 3 , m and n are plural.
- the plurality of X 1 , X 2 , G 1 , G 2 , X 3 , R 2 , X 4 , R 3 , m and n may be the same or different from each other.
- the diamine represented by the above formulas [1-S1] to [1-S3] can have, for example, a specific structure as shown below, but is not limited thereto.
- the diamine represented by the above formulas [2-S1] to [2-S3] can have, for example, a specific structure as shown below, but is not limited thereto.
- diamines with photoreactive side chains diamines with photoreactive side chains> It is also preferable to use a diamine having a photoreactive side chain as Y 2.
- the photoreactive side chain can be introduced into a specific polymer or another polymer.
- diamine having a photoreactive side chain examples include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formula [VIII] or [IX].
- the positions of the two amino groups (-NH 2) may be any positions on the benzene ring, for example, on the benzene ring with respect to the bonding group of the side chain. 2,3 position, 2,4 position, 2,5 position, 2,6 position, 3,4 position or 3,5 position. From the viewpoint of reactivity in synthesizing the polyamic acid, the 2,4 position, the 2,5 position or the 3,5 position is preferable. Considering the ease of synthesizing the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- R 8 is a single bond, -CH 2- , -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH-, -CH 2 O-, -N (CH 3) -, - CON (CH 3) - or -N (CH 3) represents a CO-.
- R 8 is preferably single bond, -O-, -COO-, -NHCO- or -CONH-.
- R 9 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a single bond or a fluorine atom.
- the divalent carbocycle or heterocycle can specifically exemplify a structure selected from the following formula (1a), but is not limited thereto.
- R 9 can be formed by a usual organic synthetic method, but from the viewpoint of easiness of synthesis, a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable.
- R 10 represents a photoreactive group selected from the group consisting of the following formula (1b).
- R 10 is preferably a methacrylic group, an acrylic group or a vinyl group from the viewpoint of photoreactivity.
- Y 1 represents -CH 2- , -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NH- or -CO-.
- Y 2 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a divalent carbon ring or heterocycle.
- One or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, the divalent carbon ring or the heterocycle here may be substituted with a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- -CH 2- may be substituted with these groups if the following groups are not adjacent to each other; -O-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NH-, -NHCONH-, -CO-.
- the organic group include a halogen atom-containing alkyl group, a halogen atom-containing alkoxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the like.
- halogen atom-containing alkyl group Selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom-containing alkyl group, a halogen atom-containing alkoxy group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a hetero atom-containing group in which the carbon-carbon bond of any methylene group of the alkenyl group is interrupted by an oxygen atom.
- substituents include substituents.
- Y 3 represents -CH 2- , -O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NH-, -CO- or a single bond.
- Y 4 represents a cinnamoyl group.
- Y 5 represents a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a divalent carbocycle or heterocycle.
- One or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, the divalent carbon ring or the heterocycle here may be substituted with a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- Y 5 when the next group is not adjacent to each other, -CH 2 - may be substituted with these groups; -O -, - NHCO -, - CONH -, - COO -, - OCO-, -NH-, -NHCONH-, -CO-.
- Y 6 represents a photopolymerizable group such as an acrylic group or a methacrylic group.
- the organic group include a halogen atom-containing alkyl group, a halogen atom-containing alkoxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the like.
- halogen atom-containing alkyl group Selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom-containing alkyl group, a halogen atom-containing alkoxy group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a hetero atom-containing group in which the carbon-carbon bond of any methylene group of the alkenyl group is interrupted by an oxygen atom.
- substituents include substituents.
- a diamine having a photoreactive side chain represented by the above formula [VIII] or [IX] include, but are not limited to, a diamine selected from the following formula (1c).
- X 9 and X 10 independently represent a single bond, -O-, -COO-, -NHCO- or -NH-, respectively.
- Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the diamine having a photoreactive side chain include diamines of the following formula [VII].
- the diamine of formula [VII] has a site having a radical generating structure in the side chain.
- radicals are generated by decomposition by ultraviolet irradiation.
- Ar represents at least one aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene and biphenylene, even if the hydrogen atom of the aromatic hydrocarbon group is substituted with a halogen atom. good.
- Ar to which the carbonyl is bonded is involved in the absorption wavelength of ultraviolet rays, a structure having a long conjugated length such as naphthalene or biphenylene is preferable when the wavelength is lengthened.
- Ar has a structure such as naphthalene or biphenylene, the solubility may deteriorate, and in this case, the difficulty of synthesis becomes high.
- Ar is most preferably a phenyl group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be provided with a substituent other than the halogen atom.
- a substituent such as an alkyl group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group is preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a benzyl group or a phenethyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, respectively.
- a ring may be formed by R 1 and R 2.
- T 1 and T 2 are independently single-bonded, -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH-, and -CH. 2 O -, - N (CH 3) -, - CON (CH 3) - or an -N (CH 3) CO- linking group.
- S represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that is single-bonded, unsubstituted, or substituted with a fluorine atom.
- Q represents a structure selected from the following formula (1d).
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 3 represents -CH 2- , -NR-, -O-, or -S-.
- the two Rs may be the same or different from each other.
- Q is preferably an electron-donating organic group, and preferably a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an amino group or the like as mentioned in the above example of Ar.
- Q is an amino derivative
- problems such as the formation of a salt between the carboxylic acid group and the amino group generated during the polymerization of polyamic acid, which is a precursor of polyimide, may occur. Therefore, a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group may occur. Is more preferable.
- the positions of the two amino groups (-NH 2) may be any of o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine or p-phenylenediamine, but the reactivity with the acid dianhydride. In this respect, m-phenylenediamine or p-phenylenediamine is preferable.
- n is an integer of 2 to 8.
- diamines having a photoreactive side chain represented by the above formulas [VII], [VIII] or [IX] can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- one type alone or two or more types are mixed. It may be used, or when two or more kinds are mixed and used, the ratio and the like may be appropriately adjusted.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (3) is the formula (3) and the formula. It is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 15 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 20 mol% or more with respect to the total of (4).
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor used in the present invention is preferably 2,000 to 500,000, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, still more preferably 10,000 to 100,000 in terms of weight average molecular weight. be.
- Examples of the polyimide having a divalent group represented by the formula (1) in the main chain include a polyimide obtained by ring-closing the above-mentioned polyimide precursor.
- the ring closure rate (also referred to as imidization rate) of the amic acid group does not necessarily have to be 100%, and can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the application and purpose.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the solution of the polyimide precursor is heated as it is, or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the solution of the polyimide precursor.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is a composition containing the above-mentioned specific polymer and an organic solvent, and may contain two or more kinds of specific polymers having different structures.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains a polymer other than the specific polymer (hereinafter, also referred to as a second polymer) and various additives to the extent that the effects described in the present invention can be obtained. You may.
- the ratio of the specific polymer to the total polymer component is preferably 5% by mass or more, and an example thereof is 5 to 95% by mass.
- the second polymer includes polyamic acid, polyimide, polyamic acid ester, polyester, polyamide, polyurea, polyorganosiloxane, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene or its derivative, poly (styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivative, and poly (meth).
- examples include acrylate.
- a polyamic acid obtained from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component (hereinafter, also referred to as a second polyamic acid) is preferable as the second polymer.
- Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component for obtaining the second polyamic acid include a compound represented by the following formula (11).
- the acid dianhydride component may be composed of one kind of compound or may be composed of two or more kinds of compounds.
- A is a tetravalent organic group, preferably a tetravalent organic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the diamine component for obtaining the second polyamic acid can be appropriately determined depending on the intended purpose, and for example, a diamine represented by the following formula (12) can be used.
- Y 9 represents a divalent organic group.
- a 9 is an independent hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. alkynyl group, may be the same or different. from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment property, a 9 is hydrogen atom, or a methyl group.
- Y 9 of the formula (12), which is preferable to be used as a diamine component for obtaining a second polyamic acid is shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Y 9 is preferably a divalent organic group having a tertiary nitrogen atom and a divalent organic group having -NH-CO-NH-in the molecule.
- a divalent organic group having a tertiary nitrogen atom a diamine having a pyrrole structure described in International Publication WO2017 / 126627, preferably the following formula (pr).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, and a methyl group
- R 2 independently represents a single bond or a group "* 1-R 3- Ph- * 2”
- R 3 is a divalent organic selected from single bond, -O-, -COO-, -OCO-,-(CH 2 ) l- , -O (CH 2 ) m O-, -CONH-, and -NHCO-.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 3 represents a single bond or a group "* 1-R 4- Ph- * 2”
- R 4 represents a single bond, -O-
- * 1 represents a site that binds to a benzene ring in the formula (pn)
- * 2 represents a site that binds to an amino group in the formula (pn)
- Ph represents a phenylene group.
- X is a biphenyl ring or a fluorene ring
- Y is a group selected from a benzene ring, a biphenyl ring, or -phenylene-Z-phenylene-
- Z is -O-, -NH-, -CH 2 -,-. It is a divalent group represented by SO 2- , -C (CH 3 ) 2- or -C (CF 3 ) 2-.
- a and B are independently hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, respectively.
- a 1 is -NH-CO-NH- at either, -CH 2 chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 20 carbon atoms - at least one is substituted with -NH-CO-NH- group, or 2 to 20 carbon atoms At least one of -CH 2- of the chain hydrocarbon group of is substituted with -NH-CO-NH-, and at least one of the other -CH 2- is -O-, -CO-, -CO-O.
- -, -NRCO- (R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group), -NRCOO- (R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group), -CONR- (R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group),
- Examples thereof include diamine when the group is substituted with a group selected from -COS- and -NR- (R represents a methyl group).
- Specific examples of more preferable diamines include diamines represented by the following formulas (U-1) to (U-9).
- Preferred specific examples of the diamines represented by the above formulas (w1) to (w2) are the diamines represented by the following formulas (n3-1) to (n3-7) and the following formulas (n4-1) to (n4). Examples thereof include diamines represented by -6).
- a diamine compound having a carboxy group (-COOH group) or a hydroxy group (-OH group) can also be used.
- 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-Diaminobenzoic acid or 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid can be mentioned.
- 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid or 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid is preferable.
- a diamine compound represented by the following formulas [3b-1] to [3b-4] and a diamine compound in which these amino groups are secondary amino groups can also be used.
- Q 1 is a single bond, -CH 2 -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C (CH 3) 2 -, - CF 2 -, - C (CF 3) 2 -, -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -N (CH 3 )-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CON ( CH 3 )-or -N (CH 3 ) CO-, m1 and m2 independently represent integers 0-4, and m1 + m2 represent integers 1-4, equation [3b-2].
- m3 and m4 each independently an integer of 1 to 5, wherein [3b-3], Q 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, m5 1-5 of an integer, wherein [3b-4], Q 3 and Q 4 are each independently a single bond, -CH 2 -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C (CH 3) 2 -, - CF 2- , -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -N (CH 3 )-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2- , -COO -, - OCO -, - CON (CH 3) - or -N (CH 3) CO- indicates, m6 is an integer of 1 to 4).
- the diamine component for obtaining the second polyamic acid a diamine used in a specific polymer or a known diamine can be used in addition to the above, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the diamine component for obtaining the second polyamic acid may be one kind of diamine, or two or more kinds of diamines may be used in combination.
- the polyimide precursors polyamic acid ester, polyamic acid and polyimide used in the present invention can be synthesized by a known method as described in, for example, International Publication WO2013 / 157586.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains a specific polymer.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention may contain other polymers in addition to the specific polymer and, if desired, the second polymer.
- Other types of polymers include polyamic acid, polyimide, polyamic acid ester, polyester, polyamide, polyurea, polyorganosiloxane, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene or its derivative, poly (styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivative, and poly (meth). ) Acrylate and the like can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent is used for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, and takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is also preferably a coating liquid containing a polymer component containing a specific polymer and an organic solvent.
- the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal alignment agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed. From the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, 1% by mass or more is preferable, and from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, 10% by mass or less is preferable. A particularly preferable concentration of the polymer is 2 to 8% by mass.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent is not particularly limited as long as the polymer component is uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide or ⁇ -butyrolactone can be used.
- the good solvent in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is preferably 20 to 99% by mass, more preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 80% by mass, based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent. Is.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent is a solvent (also referred to as a poor solvent) that improves the coatability when the liquid crystal alignment agent is applied and the surface smoothness of the coating film in addition to the above-mentioned solvent. It is preferable to use the mixed solvent used in combination. Specific examples of the organic solvent used in combination are given below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- diisopropyl ether diisobutyl ether, diisobutylcarbinol (2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol)
- ethylene glycol dimethyl ether ethylene glycol diethyl ether
- ethylene glycol dibutyl ether 1,2-butoxyethane
- diethylene glycol dimethyl ether diethylene glycol diethyl ether.
- diisobutylcarbinol diisobutylcarbinol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene. It is preferable to use glycol monobutyl ether acetate and diisobutyl ketone.
- Preferred solvent combinations of a good solvent and a poor solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-methyl-2-.
- These poor solvents are preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, and particularly preferably 20 to 70% by mass, based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the type and content of such a solvent are appropriately selected according to the coating apparatus for the liquid crystal alignment agent, coating conditions, coating environment, and the like.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention may additionally contain components other than the polymer component and the organic solvent.
- additional components include an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate and the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealing material, and a compound for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film (hereinafter, cross-linking).
- an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate and the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealing material
- a compound for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film hereinafter, cross-linking.
- Also referred to as a sex compound a dielectric material for adjusting the dielectric constant and electrical resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film, a conductive substance, and the like can be mentioned.
- the crosslinkable compound contains an oxylanyl group, an oxetanyl group, a protected isocyanate group, a protected isothiocyanate group, a group containing an oxazoline ring structure, and a meldric acid structure from the viewpoint of less generation of AC afterimages and a high effect of improving film strength.
- R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or "* -CH 2- OH". * Indicates that they are bonds.
- A represents a (m + n) valent organic group having an aromatic ring
- R and R' represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- m represents an integer of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- Any hydrogen atom of the above aromatic ring is a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. It may be replaced with a group, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the compound having an oxylanyl group include, for example, the compound described in paragraph [0037] of JP-A-10-338880 and the compound having a triazine ring as a skeleton described in International Publication WO2017 / 170483. Examples thereof include compounds having two or more oxylanyl groups.
- the compound having an oxetanyl group include compounds having two or more oxetanyl groups described in paragraphs [0170] to [0175] of International Publication No. 2011/132751.
- the compound having a protected isocyanate group include, for example, the compounds having two or more protected isocyanate groups described in paragraphs [0046] to [0047] of JP-A-2014-224978, International Publication 2015/141598. Examples thereof include the compounds having three or more protected isocyanate groups described in paragraphs [0119] to [0120] of No. Of these, compounds represented by the following formulas (bi-1) to (bi-3) are preferable.
- Specific examples of the compound having a protected isothiocyanate group include the compounds having two or more protected isothiocyanate groups described in JP-A-2016-209458.
- Specific examples of the compound having a group containing an oxazoline ring structure include compounds containing two or more oxazoline structures described in paragraph [0115] of JP-A-2007-286597.
- Specific examples of the compound having a group containing a Meldrum's acid structure include the compound having two or more Meldrum's acid structures described in International Publication No. WO2012 / 091088.
- Specific examples of the compound having a cyclocarbonate group include the compounds described in International Publication No. WO2011 / 1555777.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms of the groups R 2 and R 3 represented by the formula (d) include the groups exemplified by the above formulas (l) and (n).
- Examples of the (m + n) -valent organic group having an aromatic ring in A of the formula (e) include an (m + n) -valent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a (m + n) valent organic group bonded directly or via a linking group, and a (m + n) valent group having an aromatic heterocycle. Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include benzene and naphthalene.
- Examples of the aromatic heterocycle include pyrol ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, carbazole ring, pyridazine ring, pyrazine ring, benzimidazole ring, benzimidazole ring, indole ring, and quinoxalin.
- Examples include a ring and an acridin ring.
- Examples of the linking group include an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the alkylene group, a divalent or trivalent cyclohexane ring, and the like.
- Any hydrogen atom of the alkylene group may be substituted with an organic group such as a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
- organic group such as a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
- Preferred specific examples include the following formulas (e-1) to (e-10).
- the above compound is an example of a crosslinkable compound, and is not limited thereto.
- the crosslinkable compound contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention may be one kind or a combination of two or more kinds.
- the content of the crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the crosslinking reaction proceeds. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the desired effect and generating less AC afterimage, the amount is more preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass.
- adhesion aid examples include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and N.
- -Styryltrimethoxysilane 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxy Silane cups such as silane, tris- (trimethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanoxidetriethoxysilane, etc. Ring agent can be mentioned.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent, from the viewpoint of less generation of AC afterimages. Is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass.
- a liquid crystal alignment film can be produced by using the above liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal alignment film formed by using the liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the operation mode of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and is, for example, TN (Twisted Nematic) type, STN type, vertically oriented type (including VA-MVA type, VA-PVA type, etc.), and in-plane switching type. It can be applied to various operation modes such as (IPS type), FFS (Fringe Field Switching) type, and optical compensation bend type (OCB type).
- the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention can be manufactured, for example, by a process including the following steps (1-1) to (1-3).
- step (1-1) the substrate used differs depending on the desired operation mode.
- Steps (1-2) and steps (1-3) are common to each operation mode.
- Step (1-1): Formation of coating film First, the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is applied onto the substrate, and then the coated surface is heated to form a coating film on the substrate.
- liquid crystal alignment agent prepared in the above is preferably applied by an offset printing method, a spin coating method, a roll coater method or an inkjet printing method, respectively.
- the substrate for example, glass such as float glass and soda glass; a transparent substrate made of plastic such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyether sulfone, polycarbonate, and poly (aliphatic olefin) can be used.
- NESA film As the transparent conductive film provided on one surface of a substrate, NESA film (US PPG registered trademark) made of tin oxide (SnO 2), indium oxide - such as an ITO film made of tin oxide (In 2 O 3 -SnO 2) the Can be used.
- a patterned transparent conductive film for example, a method of forming a transparent conductive film without a pattern and then forming a pattern by photo-etching; a method of using a mask having a desired pattern when forming the transparent conductive film; And so on.
- a functional silane compound and a functional titanium compound are applied to the surface of the substrate on which the coating film is formed in order to further improve the adhesiveness between the substrate surface and the transparent conductive film and the coating film. You may perform pretreatment to apply such as in advance.
- preheating is preferably performed for the purpose of preventing the applied liquid crystal alignment agent from dripping.
- the prebake temperature is preferably 30 to 200 ° C, more preferably 40 to 150 ° C, and particularly preferably 40 to 100 ° C.
- the prebake time is preferably 0.25 to 10 minutes, more preferably 0.5 to 5 minutes.
- a firing (post-baking) step is carried out for the purpose of completely removing the solvent and, if necessary, thermally imidizing the amic acid structure present in the polymer.
- the firing temperature (post-baking temperature) at this time is preferably 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the post-bake time is preferably 5 to 200 minutes, more preferably 10 to 100 minutes.
- the film thickness of the film thus formed is preferably 0.001 to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.005 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to one surface thereof, and then each coated surface is heated to form a coating film.
- the materials of the substrate and the transparent conductive film used at this time, the coating method, the heating conditions after coating, the patterning method of the transparent conductive film or the metal film, the pretreatment of the substrate, and the preferable film thickness of the coating film to be formed are described above. It is the same as (1-1A).
- the metal film a film made of a metal such as chromium can be used.
- a liquid crystal alignment film or a coating film to be a liquid crystal alignment film is formed by applying a liquid crystal alignment agent on the substrate and then removing the organic solvent. NS. At this time, by further heating after forming the coating film, the dehydration ring closure reaction of the polyamic acid, the polyamic acid ester and the polyimide blended in the liquid crystal alignment agent according to the present invention may proceed to obtain a more imidized coating film. ..
- a process of imparting a liquid crystal alignment ability to the coating film formed in the above step (1-1) is performed.
- the alignment ability of the liquid crystal molecules is imparted to the coating film to form a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Orientation ability-imparting treatment includes rubbing treatment in which the coating film is rubbed in a certain direction with a roll wrapped with a cloth made of fibers such as nylon, rayon, and cotton, and photoalignment in which polarized or non-polarized radiation is applied to the coating film. Processing etc. can be mentioned.
- the coating film formed in the above step (1-1) can be used as it is as a liquid crystal alignment film, but the coating film is subjected to an alignment ability imparting treatment. You may.
- the radiation to irradiate the coating film for example, ultraviolet rays including light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm and visible light can be used.
- the radiation when the radiation is polarized, it may be linearly polarized or partially polarized.
- the irradiation may be performed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, may be performed from an oblique direction, or may be performed in combination thereof.
- the direction of irradiation is diagonal.
- a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a deuterium lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excimer laser, or the like can be used.
- Ultraviolet rays in a preferable wavelength region can be obtained by means of using a light source in combination with, for example, a filter or a diffraction grating.
- the irradiation amount of radiation is preferably 10 to 5,000 mJ / cm 2 , and more preferably 30 to 2,000 mJ / cm 2 .
- the light irradiation on the coating film may be performed while heating the coating film in order to enhance the reactivity.
- the temperature at the time of heating is usually 30 to 250 ° C, preferably 40 to 200 ° C, and more preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the light irradiation film obtained in the above step can be used as it is as a liquid crystal alignment film, but the light irradiation film is fired, water or the like. Cleaning with an organic solvent or a combination thereof may be carried out.
- the firing temperature at this time is preferably 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably 80 to 250 ° C.
- the firing time is preferably 5 to 200 minutes, more preferably 10 to 100 minutes.
- the number of firings may be one or two or more.
- the photo-alignment treatment here corresponds to the treatment of light irradiation in a state where it is not in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
- the organic solvent used for the above washing is not particularly limited, but specific examples thereof include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy-.
- Examples thereof include 2-propanol acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate or cyclohexyl acetate.
- the liquid crystal alignment film after the rubbing treatment is further subjected to a process of changing the pretilt angle of a part of the liquid crystal alignment film by irradiating a part of the liquid crystal alignment film with ultraviolet rays, or one of the surfaces of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a resist film may be formed on the portion, a rubbing treatment may be performed in a direction different from the previous rubbing treatment, and then a treatment for removing the resist film may be performed so that the liquid crystal alignment film has a different liquid crystal alignment ability for each region. .. In this case, it is possible to improve the visibility characteristics of the obtained liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal alignment film suitable for a VA type liquid crystal display element can also be suitably used for a PSA (Polymer sustained alignment) type liquid crystal display element.
- Step (1-3): Construction of liquid crystal cell (1-3A) A liquid crystal cell is manufactured by preparing two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed as described above and arranging the liquid crystal between the two substrates arranged opposite to each other. For example, the following two methods can be mentioned for manufacturing a liquid crystal cell.
- the first method is a conventionally known method. First, two substrates are arranged facing each other through a gap (cell gap) so that the respective liquid crystal alignment films face each other, the peripheral portions of the two substrates are bonded with a sealant, and the substrate surface and the sealant are used to partition the two substrates.
- a liquid crystal cell is manufactured by injecting and filling the formed cell gap with a liquid crystal and then sealing the injection hole.
- the second method is a method called the ODF (One Drop Fill) method.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- an ultraviolet photocurable sealant is applied to a predetermined place on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and the liquid crystal is further dropped on a predetermined number of places on the liquid crystal alignment film surface.
- the other substrate is attached so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, the liquid crystal is spread over the entire surface of the substrate, and then the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant to produce a liquid crystal cell. ..
- the liquid crystal cell produced as described above is further heated to a temperature at which the liquid crystal used is isotropic, and then slowly cooled to room temperature to obtain a flow orientation at the time of filling the liquid crystal. It is desirable to remove it.
- sealing agent for example, an epoxy resin containing a curing agent and aluminum oxide spheres as a spacer can be used.
- liquid crystal examples include nematic liquid crystal and smectic liquid crystal, and among them, nematic liquid crystal is preferable.
- a cyclohexane-based liquid crystal, a pyrimidine-based liquid crystal, a dioxane-based liquid crystal, a bicyclooctane-based liquid crystal, a Cuban-based liquid crystal, or the like can be used.
- cholesteric liquid crystals such as cholesteryl chloride, cholesteryl nonaate, and cholesteryl carbonate; chiral agents such as those sold under the trade names "C-15" and "CB-15" (manufactured by Merck).
- a ferroelectric liquid crystal display such as p-decyloxybenzylidene-p-amino-2-methylbutyl cinnamate may be added and used.
- the liquid crystal can also contain additional anisotropic dyes.
- the term "dye” can mean a substance capable of intensively absorbing or transforming light in the visible light region, eg, in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm, at least in part or in whole, and the term “anisotropy”.
- the "square dye” can mean a substance capable of anisotropically absorbing light in at least a part or the whole range of the visible light region. The color feeling of the liquid crystal cell can be adjusted through the use of the dye as described above.
- the type of anisotropic dye is not particularly limited, and for example, a black dye or a color dye can be used.
- the ratio of the anisotropic dye to the liquid crystal is appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the desired physical properties.
- the anisotropic dye is contained in a ratio of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal compound. However, the above ratio can be changed to an appropriate range if necessary.
- the liquid crystal cell is irradiated with light while a voltage is applied between the conductive films of the pair of substrates.
- the voltage applied here can be, for example, a direct current or an alternating current of 5 to 50 V.
- the light to be irradiated for example, ultraviolet rays containing light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm and visible light can be used, but ultraviolet rays containing light having a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm are preferable.
- the light source of the irradiation light for example, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a deuterium lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excimer laser, or the like can be used.
- the ultraviolet rays in the above-mentioned preferable wavelength region can be obtained by means of using a light source in combination with, for example, a filter diffraction grating or the like.
- the irradiation dose of light preferably less than 100 mJ / cm 2 or more 30,000mJ / cm 2, more preferably 100 ⁇ 20,000mJ / cm 2.
- a liquid crystal cell is constructed in the same manner as in (1-3A) above, and then a liquid crystal cell is constructed.
- a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element may be adopted by undergoing a step of irradiating a liquid crystal cell with light in a state where a voltage is applied between the conductive films of the pair of substrates. According to this method, the merit of the PSA mode can be realized with a small amount of light irradiation.
- the light irradiation to the liquid crystal cell may be performed in a state where the liquid crystal is driven by applying a voltage, or may be performed in a state where a voltage low enough not to drive the liquid crystal is applied.
- the voltage to be applied can be, for example, a direct current of 0.1 to 30 V or an alternating current.
- the above description (1-3B) can be applied to the conditions of the light to be irradiated.
- the light irradiation process here corresponds to the light irradiation process in a state of being in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention can be obtained by attaching a polarizing plate to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell.
- a polarizing plate attached to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell a polarizing plate called "H film” in which polyvinyl alcohol is stretched and oriented to absorb iodine is sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films or the H film itself.
- a polarizing plate made of the above can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention can be effectively applied to various devices, for example, a clock, a portable game, a word processor, a notebook computer, a car navigation system, a cam coder, a PDA, a digital camera, a mobile phone, and a smartphone.
- a clock for example, a clock, a portable game, a word processor, a notebook computer, a car navigation system, a cam coder, a PDA, a digital camera, a mobile phone, and a smartphone.
- Can be used for various display devices such as various monitors, liquid crystal televisions, and information displays.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor and polyimide can be determined by using a room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (GPC-101) (manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd.) and a column (KD-803, KD-805) (manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd.). , Measured as follows.
- GPC room temperature gel permeation chromatography
- DA-1 to DA-4 are novel compounds that have not been published in the literature, and the synthesis method will be described in detail below.
- Example 2 BCS (16.0 g) was added to the soluble polyimide (A-1-PI) solution (24.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 10 and stirred at room temperature for 10 hours to add 6 mass of soluble polyimide (A-1-PI).
- liquid crystal alignment agents prepared in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are spin-coated on a rectangular glass substrate with a transparent electrode having a length of 30 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a thickness of 1.1 mm, and 90 on a hot plate at 70 ° C. After drying for 2 seconds, it was baked in a hot air circulation oven at 230 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 100 nm.
- the two substrates thus obtained were prepared, a 4 ⁇ m bead spacer was applied onto the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one of the substrates, and then a sealant (723K1 manufactured by Kyoritsu Kagaku Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was applied. Next, the substrates were bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film surfaces of these substrates faced each other and the overlapping width of the substrates was 1 cm. At that time, the amount of the sealant dropped was adjusted so that the diameter of the sealant after bonding was 3 mm. After fixing the two bonded substrates with clips, they were irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 4 J / cm 2 in terms of wavelength of 365 nm and thermoset at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a sample for adhesion evaluation.
- the compounding ratio (molar part) of each compound with respect to 100 mol part of the total amount of the said acid dianhydride is shown.
- the organic solvent the blending ratio (parts by mass) of each organic solvent with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the organic solvents contained in the prepared solution is represented.
- the coating film surface was irradiated with 200 mJ / cm 2 of ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 254 nm, which was linearly polarized with an extinction ratio of 26: 1 via a polarizing plate.
- This substrate was heated on a hot plate at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a sealant (XN-1500T manufactured by Kyoritsu Kagaku Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was dropped at a position 5 mm from the short side of the substrate. ..
- the amount of the sealant dropped was adjusted so that the diameter of the sealant after bonding was 3 mm.
- an ITO substrate having the same size as the above, which was not coated with the liquid crystal alignment agent, was prepared and bonded so that the overlapping width of the substrates was 1 cm. After fixing the two bonded substrates with clips, they were thermoset at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a sample for adhesion evaluation.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent using the diamine compounds DA-1, DA-2, DA-3 or DA-4 is the diamine compound DA-5 or It was found that the adhesiveness was higher than that of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent using DA-6. Specifically, it is shown in the comparison between Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 shown in Table 4 and the comparison between Example 7 and Comparative Examples 5 to 6 in Table 7.
- a liquid crystal display element using a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention can be suitably used for a liquid crystal display element. These elements are also useful in liquid crystal displays for display purposes, as well as in dimming windows and optical shutters that control the transmission and blocking of light.
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Abstract
Description
これらの液晶表示素子は、液晶分子を配向するために液晶配向膜を具備している。液晶配向膜の材料は、耐熱性、機械的強度、液晶との親和性等の各種の特性が良好である点から、一般に、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド、ポリシロキサン等の重合体からなる被膜が使用されている。
1.下記一般式(1)で表されるジアミンから得られる重合体と、有機溶媒とを含有する液晶配向剤。
上記式(1)中、T1、T2、W、およびQの意味は、上記の通りである。
上記式(1)中、T1及びT2は、好ましくは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-NH-、および-N(CH3)-のいずれかであり、Wは、好ましくは、単結合又は直鎖状、分岐鎖状、または環状構造を含む炭化水素基である。炭化水素基の炭素数は、1~20が好ましく、炭化水素基の一部が-O-、-COO-、または-OCO-で置換されていてもよい。環状構造の好ましい具体例としては、フェニレン基、シクロヘキシレン基が挙げられる。
上記式(2)中、Xは、好ましくは、単結合、-O-、-COO-、および-OCO-のいずれかであり、R1は、好ましくは、水素原子である。Aは、好ましくは、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基であり、nは、好ましくは、1~6の整数である。
上記式(1)のジアミンの具体例としては以下のDA-1~DA-4で表されるジアミンが例示出来るが、これらに限定されない。なお、式中、Bocはtert-ブトキシカルボニル基を表す。
本発明の重合体は、上記ジアミンを用いて得られる重合体である。具体例としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリイミド、ポリウレア、ポリアミドなどが挙げられるが、液晶配向剤としての使用の観点から、下記式(3)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体、及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種であるとより好ましい。
X1はテトラカルボン酸誘導体に由来する4価の有機基であり、その構造は特に限定されるものではない。また、ポリイミド前駆体中のX1は、重合体の溶媒への溶解性や液晶配向剤の塗布性、液晶配向膜とした場合における液晶の配向性、電圧保持率、蓄積電荷など、必要とされる特性の程度に応じて適宜選択され、同一重合体中に1種類であってもよく、2種類以上が混在していても良い。
式(3)で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、下記式(4)で表される構造単位、及びそのイミド化構造から選ばれる少なくとも1種をさらに有していてもよい。
なお、(B-28)~(B-30)において、2つあるnは互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよい。
また、Y2として、特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンを用いることも好ましい。特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンは、例えば下記式[1]、[2]で表される。
また、上記式[1]、[2]中、Yは、それぞれ独立して、式[S1]~[S3]で表される側鎖構造から選ばれる少なくとも1つを表す。上記式[2]中、2つあるYは互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよい。式[S1]~[S3]で表される側鎖構造の詳細は後述する。
X1、X2、G1及びG2が複数ある場合には、複数あるX1、X2、G1及びG2はそれぞれ互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよい。
また、Y2として、光反応性側鎖を有するジアミンを用いることも好ましい。ジアミン成分が、光反応性側鎖を有するジアミンを含有することで、特定重合体やそれ以外の重合体に、光反応性側鎖を導入できるようになる。
ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させる方法としては、ポリイミド前駆体の溶液をそのまま加熱する熱イミド化、又はポリイミド前駆体の溶液に触媒を添加する触媒イミド化が挙げられる。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸エステル、ポリアミック酸及びポリイミドは、例えば、国際公開公報WO2013/157586に記載されるような公知の方法で合成出来る。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、特定重合体を含有する。本発明の液晶配向剤は、特定重合体及び所望により第2の重合体に加えて、その他の重合体を含有していてもよい。その他の重合体の種類としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン又はその誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートなどを挙げることができる。
例えば、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジイソブチルエーテル、ジイソブチルカルビノール(2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノール)、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、1,2-ブトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、ジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、3-エトキシブチルアセタート、1-メチルペンチルアセタート、2-エチルブチルアセタート、2-エチルヘキシルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノイソアミルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、1-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)-2-プロパノール、2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)-1-プロパノール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセタート、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エチルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールアセタート、プロピレングリコールジアセテート、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチル、乳酸n-ブチル、乳酸イソアミル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジイソブチルケトン(2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノン)などを挙げることができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤における、架橋性化合物の含有量は、液晶配向剤に含まれる重合体成分100質量部に対して、0.5~20質量部であることが好ましく、架橋反応が進行し目的の効果を発現し、かつAC残像の発生が少ない観点から、より好ましくは1~15質量部である。
上記液晶配向剤を用いることにより、液晶配向膜を製造することができる。また、本発明に係る液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向剤を用いて形成した液晶配向膜を具備する。本発明に係る液晶表示素子の動作モードは特に限定せず、例えばTN(Twisted Nematic)型、STN型、垂直配向型(VA-MVA型、VA-PVA型などを含む。)、面内スイッチング型(IPS型)、FFS(Fringe Field Switching)型、光学補償ベンド型(OCB型)など種々の動作モードに適用することができる。
先ず、基板上に本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布し、次いで塗布面を加熱することにより基板上に塗膜を形成する。
例えばTN型、STN型又はVA型の液晶表示素子を製造する場合、まず、パターニングされた透明導電膜が設けられている基板二枚を一対として、その各透明性導電膜形成面上に、上記で調製した液晶配向剤を、好ましくはオフセット印刷法、スピンコート法、ロールコーター法又はインクジェット印刷法によりそれぞれ塗布する。基板としては、例えばフロートガラス、ソーダガラスなどのガラス;ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリカーボネート、ポリ(脂環式オレフィン)などのプラスチックからなる透明基板を用いることができる。基板の一面に設けられる透明導電膜としては、酸化スズ(SnO2)からなるNESA膜(米国PPG社登録商標)、酸化インジウム-酸化スズ(In2O3-SnO2)からなるITO膜などを用いることができる。パターニングされた透明導電膜を得るには、例えばパターンなし透明導電膜を形成した後、フォト・エッチングによりパターンを形成する方法;透明導電膜を形成する際に所望のパターンを有するマスクを用いる方法;などによることができる。液晶配向剤の塗布に際しては、基板表面及び透明導電膜と塗膜との接着性をさらに良好にするために、基板表面のうち塗膜を形成する面に、官能性シラン化合物、官能性チタン化合物などを予め塗布する前処理を施しておいてもよい。
IPS型又はFFS型の液晶表示素子を製造する場合、櫛歯型にパターニングされた透明導電膜又は金属膜からなる電極が設けられている基板の電極形成面と、電極が設けられていない対向基板の一面とに液晶配向剤をそれぞれ塗布し、次いで各塗布面を加熱することにより塗膜を形成する。このとき使用される基板及び透明導電膜の材質、塗布方法、塗布後の加熱条件、透明導電膜又は金属膜のパターニング方法、基板の前処理、並びに形成される塗膜の好ましい膜厚については上記(1-1A)と同様である。金属膜としては、例えばクロムなどの金属からなる膜を使用することができる。
TN型、STN型、IPS型又はFFS型の液晶表示素子を製造する場合、上記工程(1-1)で形成した塗膜に液晶配向能を付与する処理を実施する。これにより、液晶分子の配向能が塗膜に付与されて液晶配向膜となる。配向能付与処理としては、例えばナイロン、レーヨン、コットンなどの繊維からなる布を巻き付けたロールで塗膜を一定方向に擦るラビング処理、塗膜に対して偏光又は非偏光の放射線を照射する光配向処理などが挙げられる。一方、VA型液晶表示素子を製造する場合には、上記工程(1-1)で形成した塗膜をそのまま液晶配向膜として使用することができるが、該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を施してもよい。
(1-3A)
上記のようにして液晶配向膜が形成された基板を2枚準備し、対向配置した2枚の基板間に液晶を配置することにより液晶セルを製造する。液晶セルを製造するには、例えば以下の2つの方法が挙げられる。第一の方法は、従来から知られている方法である。先ず、それぞれの液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して2枚の基板を対向配置し、2枚の基板の周辺部をシール剤で貼り合わせ、基板表面及びシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶を注入充填した後、注入孔を封止することにより液晶セルを製造する。第二の方法は、ODF(One Drop Fill)方式と呼ばれる手法である。液晶配向膜を形成した2枚の基板のうちの一方の基板上の所定の場所に、例えば紫外光硬化性のシール剤を塗布し、さらに液晶配向膜面上の所定の数箇所に液晶を滴下した後、液晶配向膜が対向するように他方の基板を貼り合わせるとともに液晶を基板の全面に押し広げ、次いで基板の全面に紫外光を照射してシール剤を硬化することにより液晶セルを製造する。いずれの方法による場合でも、上記のようにして製造した液晶セルにつき、さらに、用いた液晶が等方相をとる温度まで加熱した後、室温まで徐冷することにより、液晶充填時の流動配向を除去することが望ましい。
光重合性基を有する化合物(重合体又は添加剤)を含む液晶配向剤を用いて基板上に塗膜を形成した場合、上記(1-3A)と同様にして液晶セルを構築し、その後、一対の基板の有する導電膜間に電圧を印加した状態で液晶セルに光照射する工程を経ることにより液晶表示素子を製造する方法を採用してもよい。この方法によれば、PSAモードのメリットを少なく光照射量で実現可能である。液晶セルに対する光照射は、電圧印加により液晶を駆動させた状態で行ってもよく、あるいは液晶を駆動させない程度に低い電圧を印加した状態で行ってもよい。印加する電圧は、例えば0.1~30Vの直流又は交流とすることができる。照射する光の条件については、上記(1-3B)の説明を適用することができる。ここでの光照射処理が、液晶層と接触した状態での光照射の処理に相当する。
(酸二無水物)
DC-1~DC-3:それぞれ、下記式(DC-1)~式(DC-3)で表される化合物
(ジアミン)
DA-1~DA-10:それぞれ、下記式(DA-1)~式(DA-10)で表される化合物
(溶媒)
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
<粘度の測定>
ポリアミック酸溶液などの粘度は、E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL(ミリリットル)、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃において測定した。
ポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドなどの分子量は、常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101)(昭和電工社製)、カラム(KD-803,KD-805)(昭和電工社製)を用いて、以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム一水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L(リットル)、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量;約900,000、150,000、100,000及び30,000)(東ソー社製)及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量;約12,000、4,000及び1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー社製)。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMR(核磁気共鳴)サンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53mL)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム社製)にて、500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
装置:BRUKER ADVANCE III-500MHz
測定溶媒:DMSO-d6
基準物質:テトラメチルシラン(TMS)(δ0.0 ppm for 1H)
(4,4’-ジニトロ-[1,1’-ビフェニル]-2,2’-ジイル)ジメタノール(120g,0.394mol)に対し、クロロホルム(720g)、塩化チオニル(117g,0.986mol)を仕込み、ピリジン(1mL)を添加し50℃で19時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応液に水(720g)を加え分液洗浄し、クロロホルム(720g)を加え分液抽出した。得られた有機相を濃縮し、結晶をヘキサン(20.0g)でスラリー洗浄し、濾過した。得られた結晶を乾燥させ、化合物[1]を得た(収量:115g,0.337mol,収率85%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:8.59(d,J=3.0Hz,2H),8.36-8.32(m,2H),7.63(m,2H),4.69(d,J=15.0Hz,2H),4.48(d,J=14.5Hz,2H).
化合物[1](115g,0.337mol)に対し、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(460g)、フタルイミドカリウム(131g,0.708mol)を仕込み、25℃で19時間撹拌した。反応終了後、酢酸エチル(960g)、水(960g)を加えたところ白色結晶が析出したため、これを濾過し、水(600g)で洗浄し、得られた結晶を乾燥させ、化合物[2]を得た(収量:125g,0.222mol,収率66%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:8.26(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),8.17-8.14(m,2H),7.85-7.80(m,8H),7.56(d,J=10.5Hz,2H),4.74-4.62(m,4H).
化合物[2](119g,0.212mol)に対し、テトラヒドロフラン(595g)、ヒドラジン一水和物(79%)(174g,4.29mol)を仕込み、65℃で約3日間撹拌した。反応終了後、系外に白色結晶が析出してきたため、これを濾過で除去し、濾液を濃縮し、乾燥させ、化合物[3]粗物を得た(収量:65.6g)。得られた化合物は、そのまま次の工程に使用した。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:8.55(d,J=2.4Hz,2H),8.18-8.15(m,2H),7.41(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.50-3.38(m,4H),3.26(br,4H).
化合物[3]粗物(50.0g,0.165mol)に対し、メタノール(300g)を仕込み、氷浴で冷却しながら撹拌した。メタノール(50.0g)で希釈した二炭酸ジ-tert-ブチル(74.0g,0.339mol)を発熱に注意しながら滴下し、滴下終了後25℃で3時間撹拌した。系外に白色結晶が析出してきたため、これを濾過し、メタノール(150g)でケーキ洗浄し、得られた結晶を乾燥させ、化合物[4]を得た(収量:65.7g,0.131mol,収率79%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:8.27(s,2H),8.22(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),7.47-7.37(m,4H),3.95-3.76(m,4H),1.36(s,18H).
化合物[4](50.0g,0.0995mol)に対し、テトラヒドロフラン(300g)、メタノール(60.0g)を加え、窒素置換した後、5%パラジウムカーボン(含水品)(4.00g)を加え窒素置換し、水素テドラーバッグを取り付け25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、メンブレンフィルターに通しパラジウムカーボンを除去後、濾液を濃縮し、乾燥させ、DA-1を得た(収量:42.9g,0.0969mol,収率97%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:6.95(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),6.66(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),6.56(s,2H),6.44(m,2H),4.97(s,4H),3.82-3.74(m,8H),1.38(s,18H).
メタノール(204g)中、2-クロロエチルアミン塩酸塩(51.9g,0.447mol)、トリエチルアミン(49.6g,0.490mol)を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下氷冷条件にて撹拌した。メタノール(102g)に溶解させた二炭酸ジ-tert-ブチル(117g,0.536mol)を発熱に注意しながら滴下し、発熱しなくなったところで25 ℃で15時間撹拌した。反応終了後、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(0.543g,4.44mmol)を加え、60 ℃で1時間撹拌し、過剰な二炭酸ジ-tert-ブチルをメタノールと反応させ、反応液を濃縮した。濃縮粗物に酢酸エチル(300g)を加え、純水(300g×3回)で分液洗浄し、有機相を減圧濃縮し、乾燥させ、化合物[5]粗物を得た(収量:77.8g)。得られた化合物は、そのまま次の工程に使用した。
N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(210g)中、2-アミノ-5-ニトロフェノール(54.8g,0.356mol)、炭酸カリウム(61.8g,0.447mol)、ヨウ化カリウム(5.90g,0.0355mol)を仕込み100℃に昇温した。N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(70.0g)に溶解させた化合物[5]粗物(77.8g)を滴下し、100℃で21時間撹拌した。反応液に酢酸エチル(280g)および純水(280g)を加え、析出した結晶を濾過により分離し、化合物[6]粗物を得た。濾液を濃縮し、酢酸エチル(90.0g)およびメタノール(340g)を加えて撹拌し結晶を析出させた後、濾過し、得られた結晶をメタノール(140g)でケーキ洗浄し、化合物[6]粗物を得た。上記2通りで得た粗物を合わせて、酢酸エチル(480g)およびトルエン(480g)によって晶析後、濾過し、得られた結晶を乾燥させ、化合物[6]を得た(収量:63.3g,0.213mol)。
1H-NMR(500MHz)in DMSO-d6:7.74(dd,1H,J=8.8Hz,2.4Hz),7.53(d,1H,J=2.4Hz),6.64(d,1H,J=8.8Hz),7.20(t,1H,J=6.0Hz),4.00-3.97(m,2H),6.54(br,2H),3.39-3.34(m,2H),1.93(s,9H).
化合物[6](15.0g,0.0505mol)に対し、テトラヒドロフラン(90.0g)、ピリジン(4.28g,0.0541mol)を仕込み、氷浴で5℃に冷却しながら撹拌した。テトラヒドロフラン(15.0g)で希釈したアジピン酸ジクロリド(4.50g,0.0246mol)を滴下し、滴下終了後25℃で19時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応液に水(105g)を加え、メタノール(315g)を加えて40分撹拌し、結晶を析出させた。これを濾過し、得られた結晶を乾燥させ、化合物[7]を得た(収量:15.6g,0.0221mol,収率90%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:9.23(s,2H),8.49(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.90-7.87(m,2H),7.77(s,2H),7.23(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),4.14(br,4H),3.40(br,4H),2.59(br,4H),1.70(br,4H),1.42(s,18H).
化合物[7](15.5g,0.0220mol)に対し、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(465g)を加え、窒素置換した後、5%パラジウムカーボン(含水品)(1.24g)を加え窒素置換し、水素テドラーバッグを取り付け50℃で5日間撹拌した。反応終了後、メンブレンフィルターに通しパラジウムカーボンを除去後、濾液に酢酸エチル(930g)を加え、水(800g)で3回分液洗浄した。有機相を濃縮し、乾燥させ、DA-2を得た(収量:9.41g,0.0146mol,収率66%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:8.54(s,2H),7.46(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.05(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),6.20(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),6.09-6.07(m,2H),4.90(s,4H),3.83(t,J=5.5Hz,4H),3.30(br,4H),2.33(br,4H),1.62(br,4H),1.42(s,18H).
化合物[6](15.0g,0.0505mol)に対し、テトラヒドロフラン(90.0g)、ピリジン(4.28g,0.0541mol)を仕込み、氷浴で5℃に冷却しながら撹拌した。テトラヒドロフラン(15.0g)で希釈したテレフタロイルクロリド(5.00g,0.0246mol)を滴下し、滴下終了後25℃で20時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応液に水(105g)を加え、メタノール(315g)を加えて40分撹拌し、結晶を析出させた。これを濾過し、得られた結晶を乾燥させ、化合物[8]を得た(収量:14.4g,0.0198mol,収率81%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:9.80(s,2H),8.49(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),8.17(s,4H),7.98-7.96(m,2H),7.87(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.21(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),4.24-4.22(m,4H),3.47-3.46(m,4H),1.27(s,18H).
化合物[8](14.3g,0.0203mol)に対し、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(489g)を加え、窒素置換した後、5%パラジウムカーボン(含水品)(1.14g)を加え窒素置換し、水素テドラーバッグを取り付け50℃で約5日間撹拌した。反応終了後、メンブレンフィルターに通しパラジウムカーボンを除去後、濾液に酢酸エチル(978g)を加え、水(800g)で3回分液洗浄した。有機相を濃縮し、乾燥させ、DA-3粗結晶を得た。これを酢酸エチルおよびヘキサンによって晶析後、濾過し、得られた結晶を乾燥させ、DA-3を得た(収量:10.0g,0.0151mol,収率74%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:9.30(s,2H),8.05(s,4H),7.44(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.01(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),6.29(d,J=1.5Hz,2H),6.18-6.16(m,2H),5.06(s,4H),3.91(t,J=5.0Hz,4H),3.33(br,4H),1.62(br,4H),1.42(s,18H).
エチレングリコール(13.7g,0.221mol)に対し、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(150g)、炭酸カリウム(67.0g,0.485mol)を仕込み、内温100℃で加熱撹拌した。N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(300g)に溶解させた2-フルオロ-5-ニトロベンゾニトリル(76.0g,0.458mol)を滴下ロートにて50分かけて滴下し、滴下終了時から6時間加熱撹拌した。反応終了後、反応液を冷却した後、撹拌した水(2250g)中に流し込み水割り晶析した。この混合液を濾過し、得られたwet結晶に対しテトラヒドロフラン(100g)を加えて撹拌し、濃塩酸/メタノール=1/1混合溶媒(100g)を加え、濾過した。濾取した結晶を乾燥させ、化合物[9]を得た(収量:54.6g,0.700mol,収率70%)。
化合物[9](30.5g,0.0861mol)に対し、テトラヒドロフラン(305g)を加え窒素置換し、ボラン-テトラヒドロフラン コンプレックス(287mL,0.9mol/L溶液:0.258mol)を25℃で滴下した。滴下終了後、65℃加熱還流条件で17時間反応させた。反応終了後、メタノールを加えて過剰なボランをクエンチし、濃塩酸/メタノール=1/1混合溶媒(400g)を加えて25℃で14時間撹拌した。これをブフナー濾過で濾取し、テトラヒドロフランで洗浄した後、乾燥することで化合物[10]を得た(収量:19.3g,0.0443mol,収率51%)。
化合物[10](19.3g,0.0443mol)に対し、メタノール(77.2g)、トリエチルアミン(10.3g,0.0976mol)を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下氷冷条件にて撹拌した。メタノール(19.3g)に溶解させた二炭酸ジ-tert-ブチル(21.3g,0.0976mol)を滴下し、45℃で15時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応液を水(96.5g)に流し込み水割り晶析した。さらにメタノール(128g)を加えた後、濾過することでベタつきのある黄色結晶が得られた。これをテトラヒドロフラン/メタノールで洗浄することでベタつきを除去し、濾過することで黄色結晶(11A)を濾取した。濾液を濃縮し、同様にテトラヒドロフラン/メタノールで洗浄し、黄色結晶(11B)を濾取した。得られた結晶(11A、11B)を乾燥させ、化合物[11]を得た(収量:17.1g,0.0304mol,収率69%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:8.23-8.18(m,2H),8.02(d,J=1.0Hz,2H),7.39(br,2H),7.31(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),4.61(s,4H),4.12(d,J=6.0Hz,4H),1.41(s,18H).
化合物[12](27.0g,0.0480mol)に対し、テトラヒドロフラン(459g)、メタノール(27g)を加え、窒素置換した後、5%パラジウムカーボン(含水品)(2.16g)を加え窒素置換し、水素テドラーバッグを取り付け25℃で3日間撹拌した。反応が進行しきらなかったため、メンブレンフィルターに通しパラジウムカーボンを除去後、5%パラジウムカーボン(含水品)(2.16g)を再度加え窒素置換し、水素テドラーバッグを取り付け45 ℃で2日間撹拌し、反応を完結させた。反応終了後、メンブレンフィルターに通しパラジウムカーボンを除去後、濾液を濃縮し、粗物をカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=2/1(体積比))により精製し、DA-4を得た(収量:13.7g,0.0273mol,収率57%)。
1H-NMR(500MHz) in DMSO-d6:6.93(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),6.71(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.44(s,2H),6.41-6.39(m,2H),4.63(s,4H),4.11(s,4H),4.06(d,J=6.0Hz,4H),1.34(s,18H).
(合成例5)
撹拌装置付き50mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-1の60wt%NMP溶液を1.62g(2.2mmol)、DA-7を1.43g(13.2mmol)、及びDA-8を2.51g(6.6mmol)量り取り、NMPを19.7g加えて、撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらDC-1を2.75g(11.0mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを11.0g加え、60℃で3時間撹拌した。続いてこの溶液を撹拌しながらDC-2を1.94g(9.89mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを7.06g加え、40℃で15時間撹拌して、ポリアミック酸溶液(A-1、粘度:721mPa・s、数平均分子量:10,143)を得た。
ジアミン成分および酸二無水物成分を下記表に示すものに変更したこと以外は、合成例5と同様に実施することにより、下記表1に示すポリアミック酸溶液(A-2)~(A-5)を得た。得られたポリアミック酸の粘度、分子量は、下記表1に示す。
(合成例10)
合成例5で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(A-1)(25g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(5.76g)、ピリジン(1.79g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(300mL)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(A-1-PI)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は52%であった。上記で得たポリイミド粉末(A-1-PI)(2.4g)にNMP(21.6g)を加え、80℃にて20時間撹拌して溶解させ、可溶性ポリイミド(A-1-PI)溶液を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液を下記表2に示すものに変更したこと以外は、合成例10と同様に実施することにより、下記表2に示す可溶性ポリイミド溶液(A-2-PI)~(A-5-PI)を得た。得られた可溶性ポリイミドのイミド化率は、下記表2に示す。
(実施例1)
合成例5で得たポリアミック酸(A-1)溶液(6.0g)にNMP(6.0g)及びBCS(8.0g)を加え室温で10時間撹拌して、ポリアミック酸(A-1)が6質量%、NMPが54質量%、BCSが40質量%の液晶配向剤(PAA-1)を得た。
合成例10で得た可溶性ポリイミド(A-1-PI)溶液(24.0g)にBCS(16.0g)を加え室温で10時間撹拌して、可溶性ポリイミド(A-1-PI)が6質量%、NMPが54質量%、BCSが40質量%の液晶配向剤(SPI-1)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液または可溶性ポリイミド溶液を下記表3に示すものに変更したこと以外は、実施例1または実施例2と同様に実施することにより、液晶配向剤(PAA-2)~(PAA-5)および(SPI-2)~(SPI-5)を得た。
上記実施例1~6および比較例1~4で調製した液晶配向剤を、縦30mm×横40mm×厚み1.1mmの長方形の透明電極付きガラス基板にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
このようにして得られた2枚の基板を用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面上に4μmビーズスペーサーを塗布した後、シール剤(協立化学産業社製723K1)を塗布した。次いで、これらの基板の液晶配向膜面が向き合い、基板の重なり幅が1cmになるように、貼り合わせを行った。その際、貼り合わせ後のシール剤の直径が3mmとなるようにシール剤滴下量を調整した。貼り合わせた2枚の基板をクリップにて固定した後、365nmの波長換算で4J/cm2の紫外線を照射し、120℃1時間熱硬化させて、密着性評価用のサンプルを作製した。
密着性の評価は、卓上型精密万能試験機(AGS-X 500N)(島津製作所社製)を用いて行った。得られた評価サンプルの上下基板の端の部分を固定した後、基板中央部の上部から押し込みを行い、剥離する際の強度(N)を測定した。そして、計測したシール剤の直径(mm)で圧力(N)を規格化した値を用いてシール密着性(N/mm)の評価を実施した。結果を表4に示す。
この結果、Bocアミノ基を一つ有するジアミンDA-6から得られる比較例1~2と比べて、Bocアミノ基を二つ有するジアミンDA-1、DA-2、DA-3から得られる実施例1~6は、シール密着性が大きかった。また、実施例1~6と組成中に含まれるBocアミノ基を同モル%に統一した比較例3~4と比較して、実施例1~6のシール密着性は高かった。
(合成例15~17)
下記表5に示すジアミン成分および酸二無水物成分を用いて、全てのジアミン成分をNMPに溶解させ、そこに酸二無水物成分を加えて40℃で15時間撹拌することで、ポリアミック酸溶液(A-6)~(A-8)を得た。
表5中、括弧内の数値は、ジアミン成分については、合成に使用したジアミンの合計量100モル部に対する各化合物の配合割合(モル部)を表し、酸二無水物成分については、合成に使用した酸二無水物の合計量100モル部に対する各化合物の配合割合(モル部)を表す。有機溶媒については、調製した溶液中に含まれる有機溶媒の合計量100質量部に対する各有機溶媒の配合割合(質量部)を表す。
実施例7および比較例5~6で得られた液晶配向剤を孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、縦30mm×横40mm×厚み1.1mmの長方形のITO基板に、スピンコート塗布した。80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥させた後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面に偏光板を介して消光比26:1の直線偏光した波長254nmの紫外線を200mJ/cm2照射した。この基板を、230℃のホットプレート上で30分間加熱し、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
このようにして得られた基板の液晶配向膜面上に粒径4μmビーズスペーサーを塗布した後、基板短辺側から5mmの位置に、シール剤(協立化学産業製XN-1500T)を滴下した。その際、貼り合わせ後のシール剤の直径が3mmとなるようにシール剤滴下量を調整した。次いで、液晶配向剤を塗布していない、上記と同じ大きさのITO基板を用意し、基板の重なり幅が1cmになるように、貼り合わせを行った。貼り合わせた2枚の基板をクリップにて固定した後、150℃1時間熱硬化させて、密着性評価用のサンプルを作製した。
上記と同様の方法でシール密着性(N/mm)の評価を実施した。結果を表7に示す。
この結果、Bocアミノ基を一つ有するジアミンDA-6から得られる比較例6と比べて、Bocアミノ基を二つ有するジアミンDA-4から得られる実施例7は、シール密着性が大きかった。また、Bocアミノ基を有する置換基がアミノ基のオルト位に置換したジアミンDA-5から得られる比較例5と比べて、Bocアミノ基を有する置換基がアミノ基のメタ位に置換したジアミンDA-4から得られる実施例7は、シール密着性が大きかった。
Claims (16)
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるジアミンから得られる重合体と、有機溶媒とを含有する液晶配向剤。
(式(1)中、T1及びT2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-NH-、-N(CH3)-、-CON(CH3)-、および-N(CH3)CO-のいずれかであり、Wは、単結合または2価の有機基であり(但し、T1またはT2が単結合の場合、Wは単結合である)、Qは下記式(2)で表される置換基を表す。分子内に2つあるQは互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよい。)
(式(2)中、Xは単結合、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、および-S-のいずれかであり、R1は、水素原子または炭素数1~5のアルキル基であり、Aは、熱により水素原子に置き換わる保護基であり、nは、1~6の整数である。) - 前記式(2)中、前記熱により水素原子に置き換わる保護基がtert-ブトキシカルボニル基である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記重合体が、前記式(1)で表されるジアミンとテトラカルボン酸二無水物との重縮合物であるポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体である、請求項2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(3)で表される構造単位を有する重合体が、液晶配向剤に含有される全重合体に対して10モル%以上含有される、請求項6又は7に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項9に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 請求項11に記載のジアミンから得られる重合体。
- 前記式(3)で表される構造単位が、前記重合体の全構造単位に対して10モル%以上である、請求項13又は14に記載の重合体。
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| JP3613421B2 (ja) | 1996-05-31 | 2005-01-26 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤 |
| JP3650982B2 (ja) | 1996-10-02 | 2005-05-25 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤および液晶表示素子 |
| JPH1138415A (ja) | 1997-07-22 | 1999-02-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
| CN102893209B (zh) * | 2010-03-15 | 2015-05-06 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 含有聚酰胺酸酯的液晶取向剂和液晶取向膜 |
| JP7287119B2 (ja) | 2018-06-01 | 2023-06-06 | Jnc株式会社 | 光配向用液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜およびこれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
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| JPH06122764A (ja) * | 1991-10-21 | 1994-05-06 | E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co | 置換ベンジジンからのポリイミド |
| WO2013081067A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-06 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向膜、液晶配向膜の製造方法、及び液晶表示素子 |
| JP2017032608A (ja) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-09 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子、重合体及び化合物 |
| WO2017061575A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
| JP2017198975A (ja) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びその製造方法、液晶素子、重合体並びに化合物 |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023074570A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| JPWO2023074570A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | ||
| JP7497782B2 (ja) | 2021-10-28 | 2024-06-11 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2024111498A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-25 | 2024-05-30 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2025164602A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-01 | 2025-08-07 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
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| KR20220141793A (ko) | 2022-10-20 |
| JP7593392B2 (ja) | 2024-12-03 |
| CN115136068B (zh) | 2025-02-14 |
| CN120004765A (zh) | 2025-05-16 |
| TW202142597A (zh) | 2021-11-16 |
| CN115136068A (zh) | 2022-09-30 |
| JP7790524B2 (ja) | 2025-12-23 |
| TWI889757B (zh) | 2025-07-11 |
| JPWO2021161989A1 (ja) | 2021-08-19 |
| JP2025026889A (ja) | 2025-02-26 |
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