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WO2021148183A1 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021148183A1
WO2021148183A1 PCT/EP2020/084855 EP2020084855W WO2021148183A1 WO 2021148183 A1 WO2021148183 A1 WO 2021148183A1 EP 2020084855 W EP2020084855 W EP 2020084855W WO 2021148183 A1 WO2021148183 A1 WO 2021148183A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
air
path
cathode
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2020/084855
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jochen Braun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2021148183A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021148183A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H01M8/0687—Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system with the features of the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fuel cell system which is suitable for performing the method according to the invention or which can be operated according to the method according to the invention.
  • chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy using hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the electrical energy obtained in this way can be used, for example, to drive a vehicle.
  • the required hydrogen is carried in a suitable tank on board the vehicle.
  • the oxygen that is also required is taken from the ambient air.
  • the ambient air Before the ambient air is fed to the at least one fuel cell, it is compressed with the aid of an air compression system to generate a certain air mass flow and pressure level.
  • a thermal fluid flow machine can be used as the air compression system, which can be constructed in one or more stages and / or with one or more flows.
  • the air compression system can be coupled to a turbine or an exhaust gas turbocharger to which the moist air or exhaust air flowing out of the at least one fuel cell is fed.
  • thermal flow machines with gas-bearing rotors are usually used for air compression.
  • Gas bearings that are not supplied with external compressed air, but build up their own pressure cushion by rotating the rotor, However, in comparison to oil-lubricated bearings, in particular in the start-stop operation of a vehicle, they prove to be particularly susceptible to wear. If multi-stage air compression systems with several shafts and / or rotors are used to achieve higher pressures, the number of gas bearings increases accordingly. As a rule, two radial bearings and one axial bearing are designed for each shaft or rotor.
  • the present invention is concerned with the task of enabling the use of air compression systems with oil-lubricated bearings in a fuel cell system. In this way, the service life of fuel cell systems is to be increased and, at the same time, the production costs are to be reduced.
  • the present invention is not restricted to mobile fuel cell systems, but can also be applied to stationary fuel cell systems.
  • air is sucked in from the environment, compressed with the aid of an air compression system and supplied to at least one fuel cell via a cathode air supply path. Exhaust air exiting the fuel cell is discharged via a cathode exhaust air path.
  • the air previously compressed with the aid of the air compression system is cleaned with the aid of a chemical filter arranged downstream of the air compression system in the cathode supply air path. Chemically purified air is accordingly supplied to the at least one fuel cell.
  • the chemical filter With the help of the chemical filter, oil residues in particular in the air can be removed. This allows the use of an air compression system that has oil-lubricated bearings instead of gas bearings, since the chemical filter ensures the required freedom from oil is.
  • the fuel cell system is therefore less susceptible to wear or has an increased service life, in particular with regard to the start-stop problem outlined at the beginning. At the same time, the fuel cell system can be implemented inexpensively.
  • Air compression systems with oil-lubricated bearings are used in the prior art, among other things, in air systems for supplying air to internal combustion engines.
  • the technology used here is mature enough that if it is adopted and slightly adapted to the new application, development costs and manufacturing costs can be saved.
  • the chemical filter is arranged downstream of the air compression system and upstream of the at least one fuel cell in the cathode supply air path of the fuel cell system. This ensures that the at least one fuel cell is supplied exclusively with air that has been chemically cleaned after compression and is therefore essentially free of oil.
  • the proposed position of the chemical filter between the air compression system and the at least one fuel cell ensures easy accessibility, so that the filter can be replaced quickly and easily if necessary.
  • the compressed air is preferably cleaned with the aid of a chemical filter arranged in the cathode supply air path, which is designed as an activated carbon filter or comprises an activated carbon filter.
  • Activated charcoal filters have a particularly good separation capacity with regard to lubricating oil and / or hydrocarbons.
  • one kilogram of activated carbon can hold between 200 and 400 grams of lubricating oil, which corresponds to a weight proportion of 20 to 40% of its own weight.
  • the proposed chemical cleaning with the help of activated carbon is therefore particularly effective.
  • activated carbon has a high temperature resistance, which enables it to be used downstream of the air compression system. The surface structure of the activated carbon does not change even at high temperatures.
  • the chemical filter can be combined with a further filter, for example a particle filter can be present as a further filter in addition to the activated carbon filter.
  • a particle filter can be present as a further filter in addition to the activated carbon filter.
  • the chemical filter connected downstream of the air compression system has a lower pressure loss, since the pressure level is higher for the same mass flow. Due to the lower pressure loss, the installation space of the filter can be reduced, which is another advantage.
  • the arrangement of the chemical filter downstream of the air compression system also allows at least partial regeneration of the filter. This also has a positive effect on the installation space required for the filter.
  • the chemical filter is heated for at least partial regeneration.
  • the heating promotes the separation of oil residues, so that these can be freed from the filter more easily.
  • the chemical filter is preferably heated to a temperature above 95.degree. C., preferably above 100.degree. C., while the temperature is well below 95.degree. C. during normal operation of the fuel cell system.
  • the chemical filter only experiences a high temperature in the case of regeneration, so that the service life of the filter increases.
  • the residues released from the filter when the chemical filter is heated are preferably transported away via a bypass path, which serves to bypass the at least one fuel cell, and the cathode exhaust air path.
  • a connection between the cathode supply air path and the cathode exhaust air path can thus be established via the bypass path.
  • the chemical filter In order to ensure that the dissolved residues are transported away via the bypass path, the chemical filter must be arranged upstream of the junction of the bypass path in the cathode supply air path. To open the bypass path, a bypass valve arranged in the bypass path is preferably opened.
  • At least one shut-off valve be closed, which is located in the cathode supply air path between the branch of the bypass path and the fuel cell and / or in the cathode exhaust air path between the fuel cell and the confluence of the bypass path is arranged.
  • the chemical filter is preferably heated for at least partial regeneration with the aid of the air compression system. This is controlled for this purpose in such a way that the pressure and thus the temperature in the cathode supply air path rise.
  • an intercooler arranged in the cathode supply air path upstream of the filter is switched off or at least shut down so that the cooling capacity of the intercooler is reduced.
  • the fuel cell system proposed in addition to achieve the object mentioned at the outset comprises at least one fuel cell which is connected to a cathode air inlet path for supplying air and to a cathode air outlet path for discharging exhaust air.
  • An air compression system is arranged in the cathode supply air path.
  • a chemical filter for air purification is arranged downstream of the air compression system.
  • the proposed fuel cell system is therefore suitable for carrying out the previously described method according to the invention or can be operated according to the method according to the invention.
  • the same advantages can thus be achieved with the aid of the fuel cell system as with the aid of the method according to the invention described above.
  • an air compression system with oil-lubricated bearings can be used, so that the fuel cell system is less susceptible to wear and can also be implemented more cost-effectively compared to an air compression system comprising fuel cell systems with gas bearings.
  • the proposed chemical filter is preferably an activated carbon filter or comprises an activated carbon filter.
  • activated charcoal has regard to Lubricating oil has a very high absorption capacity, so that oil residues are separated particularly well.
  • activated carbon is resistant to high temperatures, so that the arrangement of the chemical filter downstream of the air compression system is unproblematic.
  • the chemical filter can be arranged directly on the air compression system or integrated into the air compression system.
  • the chemical filter can be combined with another filter.
  • a particle filter can be present in addition to the activated carbon filter.
  • a particle filter usually present upstream of the air compression system can thus be omitted or at least simplified. For example, only a simple, coarse particle filter can be provided in front of the air compression system.
  • the chemical filter is arranged upstream of a bypass path branching off from the cathode air supply path for bypassing the at least one fuel cell.
  • This arrangement enables the chemical filter to be regenerated, in which residues loosening from the filter can be transported away via the bypass path, bypassing the at least one fuel cell.
  • the bypass path preferably opens into the cathode exhaust air path, so that the residues are transported away from the system with the exhaust air mass flow in the cathode exhaust air path.
  • the chemical filter is arranged downstream of a bypass path branching off from the cathode supply air path in order to bypass the at least one fuel cell.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that the chemical filter is only subjected to the air mass flow that is also fed to the at least one fuel cell.
  • the bypass mass flow does not contribute to the loading of the chemical filter. As a result, the change interval for the chemical filter is extended.
  • the chemical filter is preferably arranged downstream of an intercooler arranged in the cathode supply air path.
  • the intercooler can be temporarily switched off or shut down, so that the cooling capacity is reduced and previously with the help of the Air compression system compressed air is fed essentially uncooled to the chemical filter in order to regenerate it at least partially.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first fuel cell system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a fuel cell system 1 according to the invention with a fuel cell 5, which can be supplied with oxygen via a cathode supply air path 4.
  • a fuel cell 5 which can be supplied with oxygen via a cathode supply air path 4.
  • air is sucked in from an environment 2 and fed via a particle filter 10 to a first compressor stage 3.1 and a second compressor stage 3.2 of a multi-stage air compression system 3.
  • Each compressor stage 3.1, 3.2 has a compressor wheel 11, the compressor wheels 11 being arranged on a common shaft 12.
  • An electric motor 13 is provided as a drive.
  • Downstream of the air compression system 3, an intercooler 9 is arranged in the cathode supply air path 4, which cools the compressed and thus heated air before it is supplied to the fuel cell 5.
  • exhaust air exiting the fuel cell 5 is discharged again to the environment 2 via a cathode exhaust air path 6. Since the exhaust air emerging from the fuel cell 5 is moist, it can be fed beforehand to a humidifying device 17 for humidifying the air in the cathode supply air path 4.
  • a bypass path 8 with a bypass valve 16 is provided.
  • the bypass valve 16 is opened.
  • a first shut-off valve 14 arranged in the cathode supply air path 4 and a first shut-off valve 14 in the cathode exhaust air path 6 arranged second shut-off valve 15 closed.
  • the air mass flow generated with the aid of the air compression system 3 is thus discharged from the cathode supply air path 4 via the bypass path 8 into the cathode exhaust air path 6.
  • the fuel cell system 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has, as a special feature, a chemical filter 7 in the cathode feed path 4 upstream of the fuel cell 5.
  • the exact position of the chemical filter 7 can vary. In Fig. 1, four preferred positions A-D are shown by way of example, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the chemical filter 7 has the task of cleaning the air supplied to the fuel cell 5 via the cathode supply air path 4, in particular of keeping it free of oil. This is because both compressor stages 3.1, 3.2 of the air compression system 3 preferably have oil-lubricated bearings instead of gas bearings.
  • the chemical filter 7 is designed in the present case as an activated carbon filter.
  • the chemical filter 7 is located between the air compression system 3 and the intercooler 9, which is arranged upstream of the bypass path 8 branching off from the cathode supply air path 4.
  • the chemical filter 7 can be at least partially regenerated with the aid of the air compression system 3.
  • the air compression system 3 is activated in such a way that the system pressure rises. Consequently, the temperature at the outlet of the air compression system 3 also rises. This leads to the chemical filter 7 being heated so that residues in the filter 7 are at least partially dissolved and removed via the air mass flow.
  • the two shut-off valves 14, 15 are closed and the bypass valve 16 is opened so that the residues are transported away from the system via the bypass path 8 and the cathode exhaust air path 6.
  • a regeneration of the chemical filter 7 in the manner described above is also possible if it is arranged in the proposed position B.
  • the chemical filter 7 is located between the intercooler 9 and the branching bypass line 8, so that detached residues can be transported away via the bypass path 8 and the cathode exhaust air path 6, bypassing the fuel cell 5. So that the chemical filter 7 can heat up sufficiently, the intercooler 9 must be switched off or at least shut down.
  • FIG. 2 Another preferred embodiment of a fuel cell system 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the multi-stage air compression system 3 is implemented by a multi-flow first compressor stage 3.1 and an exhaust gas turbocharger as the second compressor stage 3.2.
  • the multi-flow first compressor stage 3.1 has two compressor wheels 11 which are arranged on a shaft 12 and flow against them in parallel.
  • the following second compressor stage 3.2 has a shaft 19 with a further compressor wheel 11 and a turbine wheel 18.
  • the exhaust air in the cathode exhaust air path 6 flows against the turbine wheel 18. In this way, the energy obtained with the aid of the turbine wheel 18 can be used to operate the second compressor stage 3.2.
  • bypass paths 20, 22 with bypass valves 21, 23 arranged therein are provided.
  • the pressure is set primarily by a control valve 24 arranged in the cathode exhaust air path 6.
  • the fuel cell system 1 shown in FIG. 2 also has an intercooler 9 in the cathode supply air path 4. This is also arranged upstream of a branching bypass path 8, so that the positions AD again result for the arrangement of the chemical filter 7 provided according to the invention.
  • a humidifier 17 was dispensed with in the fuel cell system 1 of FIG. 2. However, this is not absolutely necessary, so that it is optional the fuel cell system of FIG. 2 can also be designed with a humidifying device 17.
  • the method steps necessary for regenerating the chemical filter 7 of the fuel cell systems 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are explained by way of example with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the chemical filter 7 must be arranged in position A or in position B for this purpose.
  • step 100 a time window for the planned regeneration of the chemical filter 7 is first determined. If an intermediate cooler 9 is connected upstream of the chemical filter 7, this is switched off or shut down in step 200.
  • step 300 several actions are carried out simultaneously.
  • the bypass valve 16 arranged in the bypass path 8 is opened.
  • the shut-off valve 14 arranged in the cathode supply air path 4 is closed.
  • the shut-off valve 15 arranged in the cathode exhaust air path 6 is closed.
  • the intercooler 9 remains switched off or shut down.
  • the air compression system 3 is activated in such a way that the system pressure rises, which also results in a rise in temperature.
  • step 500 which consists of the partial steps 500.1 to 500.3, the shut-off valves 14, 15 are opened again and the bypass valve 16 is closed. This is followed by the continuation of normal operation of the system in step 600.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de pile à combustible (1), dans lequel : de l'air est aspiré à partir de l'environnement (2), comprimé à l'aide d'un système de compression d'air (3), et fourni à au moins une pile à combustible (5) par l'intermédiaire d'un trajet d'air d'alimentation de cathode (4) ; et l'air d'échappement sortant de la pile à combustible (5) est évacué par l'intermédiaire d'un trajet d'air d'échappement de cathode (6). Selon l'invention, l'air comprimé est purifié au moyen d'un filtre chimique (7) disposé en aval du système de compression d'air (3) dans le trajet d'air d'alimentation de cathode (4). L'invention concerne par ailleurs un système de pile à combustible (1) conçu pour fonctionner suivant ledit procédé.
PCT/EP2020/084855 2020-01-24 2020-12-07 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible Ceased WO2021148183A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020200860.4A DE102020200860A1 (de) 2020-01-24 2020-01-24 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102020200860.4 2020-01-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021148183A1 true WO2021148183A1 (fr) 2021-07-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2020/084855 Ceased WO2021148183A1 (fr) 2020-01-24 2020-12-07 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de pile à combustible et système de pile à combustible

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DE (1) DE102020200860A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021148183A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115036536A (zh) * 2022-08-12 2022-09-09 浙江飞旋科技有限公司 一种供氧装置及车载燃料电池系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022205992A1 (de) 2022-06-14 2023-12-14 Psa Automobiles Sa Verfahren zum Reinigen luftführender Komponenten eines Brennstoffzellenaggregats
DE102022119876A1 (de) * 2022-08-08 2024-02-08 Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem und Fahrzeug, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeug
DE102023206971A1 (de) 2023-07-21 2025-01-23 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Brennstoffzellensystem

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002084099A1 (fr) * 2001-04-11 2002-10-24 Donaldson Company, Inc. Ensemble filtres et systeme d'admission d'air pour piles a combustible
DE102005042407A1 (de) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-08 Carl Freudenberg Kg Anordnung zur Versorgung einer Brennstoffzelle mit aufbereitetem Reaktionsgas
WO2007102063A1 (fr) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil et méthode de purification d'un gaz oxydant dans une pile à combustible

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002084099A1 (fr) * 2001-04-11 2002-10-24 Donaldson Company, Inc. Ensemble filtres et systeme d'admission d'air pour piles a combustible
DE102005042407A1 (de) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-08 Carl Freudenberg Kg Anordnung zur Versorgung einer Brennstoffzelle mit aufbereitetem Reaktionsgas
WO2007102063A1 (fr) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil et méthode de purification d'un gaz oxydant dans une pile à combustible

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115036536A (zh) * 2022-08-12 2022-09-09 浙江飞旋科技有限公司 一种供氧装置及车载燃料电池系统

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