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WO2021069763A1 - Système de génération d'énergie électrique à partir d'une force gravitationnelle obtenue dans un processus de pompage de dioxyde de carbone - Google Patents

Système de génération d'énergie électrique à partir d'une force gravitationnelle obtenue dans un processus de pompage de dioxyde de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021069763A1
WO2021069763A1 PCT/ES2019/070679 ES2019070679W WO2021069763A1 WO 2021069763 A1 WO2021069763 A1 WO 2021069763A1 ES 2019070679 W ES2019070679 W ES 2019070679W WO 2021069763 A1 WO2021069763 A1 WO 2021069763A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capsule
carbon dioxide
tank
vertical
electrical energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2019/070679
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Sergio Rafael VEGA CAMA
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to PCT/ES2019/070679 priority Critical patent/WO2021069763A1/fr
Publication of WO2021069763A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021069763A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/02—Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust
    • F03B17/025—Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust and reciprocating motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/10—Kind or type
    • F05B2210/12—Kind or type gaseous, i.e. compressible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for generating electrical energy from a gravitational force obtained in a carbon dioxide pumping process.
  • the electrical power generation system of the invention is adapted to be implemented in a Carbon Capture and Storage or CAC (Carbon Capture and Storage or CCS) facility.
  • CAC Carbon Capture and Storage or CCS
  • CO2 carbon dioxide
  • Carbon dioxide storage can be carried out in depleted salt or hydrocarbon (oil or gas) reservoirs, or in rock formations under underground basalt rock beds, as well as in underwater cavities where carbon dioxide in a liquid state it could settle to assimilate with the rock of the seabed and over time form carbonates, or its use has even been tested in empty oil tanks located under the seabed to inject carbon dioxide in a liquid state.
  • the carbon dioxide molecule weighs approximately 3.67 times that of carbon, and 2.75 times that of methane because it incorporates diatomic oxygen in combustion, which means more energy in transport to dislodge carbon dioxide than it supposed the feeding of the fuel.
  • carbon dioxide is raised to the supercritical condition (which is where the gaseous and liquid states coexist), which is reached at a pressure from 80 bars and at a temperature of 31 ° C. In this state, carbon dioxide is quasi-liquid, maintaining a density close to that of a liquid while the viscosity is that of a gas, which allows transport in a concentrated mass at low resistance, with the consequent energy savings.
  • the density of carbon dioxide at the supercritical point is 660 Kg / m 3 or 65% the density of water.
  • renewable energies obtained from natural sources are abundant and inexhaustible, but have the disadvantage that their energy production is irregular due to the variable weather conditions themselves.
  • Patent application WO2015027113 A1 refers to a system and a method for storing potential energy, capable of generating electrical energy from the force of gravity, which comprises a sliding piston inside a hollow cylinder, whose walls define a volume internal containing a liquid, a sealing gasket arranged between the piston and the cylinder walls, and a liquid conduit in communication with the cylinder.
  • the piston divides the interior volume into a first upper chamber and a second lower chamber, both chambers being interconnected through the conduit.
  • the system further comprises a reversible pump / turbine operatively coupled in the liquid conduit to drive a reversible motor / generator, and control valves.
  • the piston is capable of moving within the cylinder between a raised position to a lower position.
  • the turbine stops working so that the generated energy is used to drive the pump motor which in turn drives the liquid through the conduit from the upper chamber to the lower chamber, thus increasing the pressure in the lower chamber under the piston.
  • the pressure difference causes the piston to rise to the raised position, storing potential energy in the system.
  • the pump then stops working so that the potential energy stored allows the piston to descend, the weight of which drives the liquid into the conduit from the lower chamber to the upper chamber so that the liquid flows through the turbine thus driving the generator to produce electrical energy, which can be used in a power plant.
  • This system can be used, for example, to store potential energy that has been generated during the hours of lower demand for electricity consumption.
  • a system for generating electrical energy from a gravitational force, obtained in a process of pumping carbon dioxide comprises at least one electricity generating unit comprising
  • a capsule housed inside the vertical conduit configured with the ability to move with a reciprocating movement between a lifting position and a lowering position of the vertical conduit, the capsule being provided with a tank for loading a volume of carbon dioxide ;
  • - Loading means configured to inject a volume of carbon dioxide inside the capsule reservoir, when said capsule is in the lifting position, which ensures a downward movement of the capsule towards its lowering position by effect of a downward thrust force exerted on the capsule;
  • - discharge means configured to evacuate the volume of carbon dioxide contained in the capsule reservoir, when said capsule is in the lowering position, which provides an upward movement of the capsule towards its raised position, by effect an upward thrust force exerted on the capsule with the ability to counteract the force of gravity;
  • the system is adapted to be implemented in a carbon capture and storage facility, of the type comprising a feed line arranged at a higher level that conducts the carbon dioxide captured from the earth's surface towards an evacuation line arranged at a lower level that injects carbon dioxide into an underground cavity, located under the marine mantle or the terrestrial mantle for its confinement; the loading means for filling the capsule being connected to said supply line and the unloading means for emptying the capsule being connected to said evacuation line, so that the capsule during its descent phase operates as a means of transport of carbon dioxide for subsequent confinement. Consequently, the arrangement of the system of the invention makes it possible to link in symbiosis the process of lowering the capsule and the process of underground transport of carbon dioxide en route to its confinement, in order to take advantage of the potential energy obtained to generate electricity.
  • the very descent of the capsule filled with the carbon dioxide charge is used to in turn transport the carbon dioxide to a lower level located deep within underground cavities, thus helping to reduce the problem of contamination. that produces the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.
  • system of the invention can be implemented in a simple structuring way, which makes it possible to save energy costs and reduce operating costs.
  • the electrical energy generation system is characterized in that the at least one electricity generating unit is configured so that
  • the vertical conduit is arranged submerged below sea level, so that it contains a volume of water within it, since its respective upper and lower ends are in communication with the seawater mass that surrounds it;
  • the capsule being arranged submerged in the interior volume of water of the vertical conduit, and provided with a watertight hollow casing that houses inside the tank for charging the carbon dioxide in a preferably liquid state;
  • the loading means being configured by a supply conduit provided with a non-return loading valve located on the upper part of the vertical conduit, and adapted to be coupled to a loading mouth of the tank when the capsule is in its lifting position, so that the filling of the tank with the carbon dioxide charge provides a controlled lowering of the capsule towards its lowering position due to the effect of a driving force exerted by the energy conversion means;
  • the discharge means being configured by an evacuation conduit provided with a non-return discharge valve located under the lower part of the vertical conduit, and adapted to be coupled to an outlet mouth of the tank when the capsule is in its lowering position, so that the emptying of the tank provides a controlled ascent of the capsule towards its lifting position by the effect of a hydrostatic thrust force capable of counteracting the force of gravity;
  • the energy conversion means being configured by at least one hydrostatic turbine coupled on its inlet side to the upper part of the vertical duct by means of a bypass pipe and coupled on its outlet side to a pipe that empties into the seawater body , so that the turbine is capable of receiving the pressure of the volume of water displaced by the empty capsule during its upward movement due to the hydrostatic thrust force, and a driving shaft of the turbine being mechanically connected to an electric power generator to generate electricity in each lifting movement of the capsule.
  • the shell of the capsule is provided with a rigid wall provided with a peripheral jacket containing compressed air to thermally insulate the reservoir.
  • the peripheral jacket comprises at least one through hole in communication with the reservoir to form a closed air circuit, so that during the carbon dioxide emptying operation, the air contained in the peripheral jacket is able to occupy the interior space of Deposit; and so that during the filling operation, the carbon dioxide is able to displace the air contained in the tank towards the peripheral jacket.
  • the carbon dioxide is injected into the tank in a liquid state, and previously subjected to a cooling operation to increase its density so that, taking into account the weight of the casing of the capsule and the weight of the liquid carbon dioxide inside, allow to keep the capsule in neutral flotation, that is, with the capsule immobile, without descending due to the weight or ascending due to support.
  • the hydraulic turbine is capable of operating with the motor of the electric power generator rotating in the opposite direction, acting in pump or propeller mode, to exert a motive force capable of driving a stream of water in a downward direction at a speed such that it ensures the controlled descent of the filled capsule in neutral floating, in order to avoid the impact of the capsule when it reaches the descent position, the energy consumed being of a much lower order of magnitude compared to that obtained from the turbine.
  • the descent speed is limited to a maximum of 1 m / s, in order to keep the friction losses of the water with the internal wall of the duct practically insignificant, thus producing no more than dynamic pressure.
  • said bypass pipe comprises a horizontal section connected to the hydraulic turbine and a vertical section connected to the upper part of the vertical conduit and provided with an interior housing intended to receive the capsule in its raised position during the loading operation of the carbon dioxide. carbon, said housing being provided with an orifice connected at its upper part with the charging valve of the carbon dioxide supply line.
  • the system comprises a lower receptacle arranged under the lower part of the vertical duct, intended to support the capsule in its lowering position during the operation of carbon dioxide discharge, said receptacle being provided with an orifice connected at the bottom with the discharge valve of the carbon dioxide evacuation conduit.
  • the capsule is configured by a cylindrical central portion closed at both ends by two hemispherical portions.
  • the vertical conduit is anchored at its lower part by means of one or more tie rods to the rocky mantle of the seabed.
  • the vertical duct is formed by several connected cylindrical sections contiguous to each other.
  • the riser can be made of a textile material.
  • the vertical duct includes an external structure formed by spirals along its length, in order to maintain its hydrodynamic stability against marine currents, avoiding the occurrence of the phenomenon of vortex detachment that can lead to resonance of the assembly. .
  • the electrical energy generation system is characterized in that the at least one electricity generating unit is configured so that
  • the vertical duct is arranged underground below the level of the earth's crust, so that it contains inside a volume of air at atmospheric pressure as its upper end is open to the atmosphere;
  • the capsule being housed within the vertical conduit, and provided with a watertight hollow casing that houses inside the tank for the charge of carbon dioxide in a preferably semi-liquid state;
  • the loading means being configured by a supply conduit provided with a non-return loading valve located on the upper part of the vertical conduit, and adapted to be coupled to a loading mouth of the tank when the capsule is in its position of elevation, so that the filling of the tank with the carbon dioxide charge provides a controlled descent of the capsule towards its position of descent under the effect of the force of gravity;
  • the discharge means being configured by an evacuation conduit provided with a non-return discharge valve located under the lower part of the vertical conduit, and adapted to be coupled to an outlet mouth of the tank when the capsule is in its lowering position, so that the emptying of the tank provides a controlled ascent of the capsule towards its lifting position by the effect of a mechanical traction force exerted by the energy conversion means, capable of counteracting the force of gravity;
  • the energy conversion means being configured by at least one winch arranged above the upper part of the vertical conduit, provided with a tie rod wound to the rotating axis of the winch and coupled at its free end to the upper part of the capsule shell by means of an anchoring element, so that the winch is able to receive the tensile force of the tie rod generated by the weight of the capsule filled with the carbon dioxide charge during its downward movement due to the force of gravity, and being a driving shaft of the winch mechanically connected to an electric power generator, through a gear train that acts as a speed reducer, to generate electricity in each lowering movement of the capsule.
  • the winch is capable of operating with the motor of the electric power generator rotating in the opposite direction, in order to exert a traction force capable of lifting the empty capsule from the lowering position to the lifting position, the energy being negligible consumed.
  • the capsule comprises bearings intended to slide on complementary longitudinal rails arranged on the inner wall of the vertical conduit, in order to maintain the stability of the capsule during its reciprocating movement along the vertical conduit.
  • the system can comprise multiple generating units arranged so that the respective capsules are synchronized according to a sequential order of load, in order to multiply the productive capacity and in turn generate continuity in the electrical supply. .
  • - Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the system of the invention according to a first preferred embodiment, referring to the underwater case;
  • - Figs. 2 and 3 are respectively perspective and top plan views of the vertical duct, showing the loading point of the carbon dioxide reservoir;
  • FIG. 4a and 4b are schematic views of the hydraulic turbine that acts in a reversible way connected to the upper part of the vertical duct, showing by means of arrows its operation in water circulation mode with a propeller during the descent of the capsule, and in electrical generation mode during the ascent of the capsule, respectively;
  • FIG. 5a and 4b are schematic views of the system showing by means of arrows the water circulation through the vertical duct, the turbine operating in the propeller water circulation mode, and in electricity generation mode, respectively;
  • Figs. 6a to 6c show the position of the capsule through the vertical conduit, in its raised position, in an intermediate position, and in the lowered position housed in the discharge receptacle, respectively;
  • Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the receptacle that receives the capsule in the lowered position;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the system showing details of the carbon dioxide discharge operation for its confinement in an underground cavity under the marine mantle;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic elevation view of a vertical duct showing its structural configuration;
  • Figs. 10a to 10c show different capsule geometries, according to a first spherical shape, a second shape with a cylindrical central section with two hemispherical ends, and a third shape similar to the second, but with a substantially greater length;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the capsule according to the geometry represented in Fig. 10b, showing the loading and unloading ports of the tank, and the peripheral pressure air jacket;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic view of an operational sequence of a set of six generating units to ensure continuity of power supply
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the system of the invention according to a second preferred embodiment, referring to the underground case;
  • FIG. 14 and 15 are respectively perspective and top plan views of the capsule in the raised position within the vertical conduit, showing the loading point of the carbon dioxide tank and the anchoring point of the winch strap;
  • Fig. 16 is a top perspective view of the tank in an intermediate position within the vertical conduit, showing the rails of the vertical conduit;
  • Figs. 17 and 18 are respectively perspective and bottom plan views of the capsule in the lowered position within the vertical conduit, showing the discharge point of the carbon dioxide reservoir; Y
  • FIGs. 19a and 19b are schematic views of a power room of the energy conversion means made up of a winch, a gear train and an electric power generator, arranged in the upper part of the vertical duct, showing by means of arrows the direction of the force on the strut in its operation in the power generation mode during the descent of the capsule and in the potential energy recovery mode during the ascent of the capsule, respectively.
  • a power generation system 1a, 1b is described electrical power from a gravitational force, obtained in a carbon dioxide pumping process.
  • the electric power generation system 1a, 1b of the invention is adapted to be implemented in a Carbon Capture and Storage or CAC (in English, Carbon Capture and Storage or CCS) facility, of the type comprising a supply line 8 arranged at an upper level that conducts the carbon dioxide captured from the earth's surface towards an evacuation line 9 arranged at a lower level that injects the carbon dioxide into an underground cavity 10, located under the mantle marine 11 (see figure 1) or the land cover 12 (see figure 13) for its confinement.
  • CAC Carbon Capture and Storage or CCS
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 12, in which the electrical power generation system 1a is arranged in a submarine environment, as will be detailed below.
  • the system 1a may comprise one or more electricity generating units.
  • a single electricity generating unit comprising
  • a capsule 3 arranged submerged in the interior volume of water of the vertical conduit 2, configured with the ability to move with a reciprocating movement between a lifting position A and a lowering position B of the vertical conduit 2, the capsule 3 being provided with a tank 4 (see figure 11) for charging carbon dioxide in liquid state;
  • - Loading means 5 configured by a supply conduit 13 provided with a non-return loading valve 14 located on the upper part of the vertical conduit 2, and adapted to be coupled to a loading mouth 4a of the tank 4 when the capsule 3 is located in your position of elevation A, so that the filling of the tank 4 with the carbon dioxide charge provides a controlled descent of the capsule 3 towards its position of descent B by the effect of a motive force as will be explained later;
  • - Discharge means 6 configured by an evacuation conduit 15 provided with a non-return discharge valve 16 located under the lower part of the vertical conduit 2, and adapted to be coupled to a discharge mouth 4b of the tank 4 when the capsule 3 is in in its lowering position B, so that the emptying of the tank 4 provides a controlled ascent of the capsule 3 towards its lifting position A by the effect of a hydrostatic thrust force capable of counteracting the force of gravity; Y
  • - energy conversion means 7 configured by at least one hydrostatic turbine 17 coupled on its inlet side to the upper part of the vertical duct 2 by means of a bypass pipe 18 and coupled on its outlet side to a pipe 19 that empties into the mass of seawater S, so that the turbine 17 is able to receive the pressure of the volume of water displaced by the empty capsule 3 during its upward movement due to the effect of the hydrostatic thrust force (see Figures 4b and 5b), and being a turbine drive shaft 17 mechanically connected to an electric power generator 20 to generate electricity in each lifting movement of the capsule 3.
  • the system is integrated into a carbon capture and storage facility, so that the loading means 5 for filling the capsule 3 are connected to the power line 8 of the facility and the means for discharge 6 for emptying the capsule 3 are connected to the evacuation line 9 of the installation.
  • the capsule 3 during its descent phase operates as a means of transporting carbon dioxide for its subsequent confinement.
  • said bypass pipe 18 comprises a horizontal section connected to the hydraulic turbine 17 and a vertical section connected to the upper part of the vertical conduit 2 and provided of an inner housing designed to receive the capsule 3 in its raised position A during the carbon dioxide loading operation, said housing being provided with an orifice 23 (see Figures 2 and 3) connected at the top with the valve of charge 14 of the supply line 13 of the carbon dioxide.
  • the system has a lower receptacle 24 arranged under the lower part of the vertical duct 2 (see Figures 1, 6c and 7), intended to support the capsule 3 in its lowering position B during the dioxide discharge operation. of carbon, said receptacle 24 being provided with an orifice 25 connected at its bottom with the discharge valve 16 of the carbon dioxide evacuation conduit 15 (see Figures 1 and 8).
  • the receptacle 24 is arranged spaced a predetermined distance below the lower part of the vertical duct 2 to ensure the evacuation of the volume of water displaced by the capsule 3 during its descent, which empties into the mass of seawater S.
  • the receptacle 24 is furthermore fixed to the rocky mantle of the seabed 11, and has lateral openings 24a to facilitate the expulsion of the water out of the receptacle 24 during the support of the capsule 3 thereon.
  • the capsule 3 is provided with a watertight hollow casing that houses the tank 4.
  • the carbon dioxide is charged through the loading mouth 4a located in its upper part.
  • the discharge of carbon dioxide is carried out through the discharge mouth 4b located in its lower part.
  • both inlet 4a and discharge 4b are provided with respective non-return valves (not shown).
  • the shell of the capsule 3 is provided with a rigid wall 21 provided with a peripheral jacket 22 that contains compressed air to thermally insulate the reservoir 4, as will be detailed later.
  • the peripheral sleeve 22 comprises at least one through hole (not shown) in communication with the tank 4 to form a closed air circuit, so that during the carbon dioxide emptying operation, the air contained in the peripheral jacket 22 is able to occupy the interior space of the tank 4; and so that during the filling operation, the carbon dioxide is able to displace the air contained in the tank 4 towards the peripheral jacket 22.
  • the carbon dioxide is injected into the tank 4 in a liquid state, and previously subjected to a cooling operation to increase its density so that, taking into account the weight of the capsule shell 3 and the weight of the dioxide of liquid carbon in its interior, allows the capsule 3 to be kept in neutral float, that is, with the capsule 3 immobile, without descending due to weight or ascending due to lift.
  • the hydraulic turbine 17 is capable of operating with the motor of the electric power generator 20 rotating in the opposite direction (see Figures 4a and 5a), acting in pump or propeller mode 17 '(in a hybrid impulse and reaction turbine, for example, Francis type, or reaction type, Kaplan type). This mode makes it possible to direct the descent in a controlled manner, canceling its inertia and avoiding an acceleration due to the weight of the capsule 3 that would cause an unwanted impact against the seabed.
  • a hybrid impulse and reaction turbine for example, Francis type, or reaction type, Kaplan type
  • the energy used to push the capsule 3 towards the bottom is exclusively due to the flow of the flow (kinetic energy, analogous to the propeller of a boat), which is much lower compared to that obtained in the ascent (see figures 4b and 5b) adding the pressure component, which is the energy contribution resulting from the lift force due to the difference in densities between water and air.
  • the inside diameter of the vertical conduit 2 is approximately the outside diameter of the capsule 3, there is a certain clearance defined by a ring of liquid around the capsule 3. As it descends, the capsule 3 pushes water downwards and also travels between the water, which flows in the opposite direction to the displacement of the capsule 3. The greater the thermal jump and the speed relative to water relative to capsule 3, the greater the convection heat dissipation.
  • the shell of the capsule 3 is provided with a sealed compressed air jacket 22 that runs along the entire inner perimeter of the tank 4 (see figure 11), which serves as a thermal insulator between the carbon dioxide (a about - 20 ° C for a density of 1057 kg / m 3 ) and the surrounding water (at about 15 ° C), taking into account the water as convective medium in the displacement of the capsule 3 throughout the descent, and that also confers a pressure gradient between the exterior and the interior, relieving stresses on the external wall 21 after the discharge of carbon dioxide at the underwater bottom (depths can be greater than 2.3 km, about 230 atmospheres).
  • the evacuation conduit 15 connects in turn with the evacuation line 9 belonging to the capture and storage facility, provided with an injection valve 9a for its entry into the underground cavity 10 confinement, pushed by the pressure of about 80 bars.
  • the same transport lines and valves known as “Christmas tree” valves, that were used for the extraction can be used. of oil, except that with the system of the invention they would work by reversing the direction of flow.
  • This type of valve 9a regulates the pressure and prevents seawater from entering the confinement cavity 10 and coming into contact with unextracted hydrocarbons.
  • a gate 17a for feeding the turbine 17 remains closed (see figures 4a and 4b), to keep the capsule 3 in position and prevent it from detaching before completely emptying the carbon dioxide content.
  • the vertical duct 2 is anchored by its lower part by means of one or more tie rods 26 to the rocky mantle of the seabed 11 (see figures 6c and 8), so that it remains extended, which conveniently allows its folding and transport from one project to another. .
  • the vertical duct 2 is made up of several cylindrical sections 2.1 to 2.n connected adjacent to each other, and can be manufactured from textile material, which is advantageous from the point of view of logistical and economic view. It is also envisaged that the textile material includes an outer structure formed by spirals 27 along the length of the vertical conduit 2, which provide rigidity and help to expand the vertical conduit 2 while maintaining the circular shape of the section. The main reason for adopting spirals 27 is, however, linked to the hydrodynamic stability against marine currents, preventing the phenomenon of vortex detachment that can lead to resonance of the whole from occurring.
  • Hydraulic power is essentially the product of pressure (intensity) and flow (quantity), both variables being reciprocal (power has two degrees of freedom; a fixed quantity can be obtained by decreasing one variable in the same proportion that the other is increased, and the opposite).
  • the lift force provides the difference in density between the surrounding medium (water) and the air inside the empty capsule 3 multiplied by the interior volume of the capsule 3 (since it is the buoyancy of the gas itself that exerts the force).
  • the spherical geometry also offers the minimum surface area for the same volume, which translates into less material (therefore also specific weight and cost) and less contact surface, thereby minimizing friction with water, which in turn it implies less heat losses by convection.
  • the capsule 3 has neutral floating, its displacement is practically with the water that surrounds it (as in a transmission belt), that is to say that the relative speed of the capsule 3 with the surrounding water is minimal, so that the effects of friction and forced convection are irrelevant (not the thermal gradient due to the internment space and the amount of material).
  • the sphere presents the problem that it can rotate freely in any axis, and since it is intended to keep the loading valves 14 and unloading 16 aligned on the vertical axis of the conduit 2, it is necessary to restrict the rotation on the two axes. different from vertical.
  • An ideal geometry is that which comprises a central cylindrical portion closed at both ends by two hemispherical portions (capsule 3b), as shown in Figures 10b and 11.
  • This geometry offers the best compromise, since it maintains an internment distance close to that of the sphere, but its moderate vertical elongation results in an increase in the angular moment of inertia that restricts the rotation in the transverse axes, sufficient to ensure verticality.
  • the system 1a can operate with multiple generating units so that the respective capsules 3 are synchronized according to a sequential load order, in order to multiply the productive capacity and in turn generate continuity in the supply. electric.
  • the respective capsules 3 within their vertical duct 2 have been schematically represented and the ascending or descending direction of each capsule 3 has been illustrated with arrows.
  • six generating units have been used, of which five operate ascending in sequential mode and one descending to regain its initial state.
  • Power is the product of pressure (intensity) and flow (quantity and movement).
  • the pressure is the result of the force concentrated in an area, therefore, the characterization of the capsule is elongated, in order to distribute the volume vertically (to influence the bearing force in a concentrated space).
  • the resulting manometric height, of 215 meters of water column, is typical of hydroelectric plants where impulse technology (pelton type turbines) or hybrid impulse and reaction technology (Francis type turbines, over reaction) prevail, which are characterized by operate with a high pressure to the turbine and little flow, as corresponds to a mountainous orography.
  • the flow is huge because it is a 2.5-kilometer water column, which is equivalent to operating a mega hydroelectric plant.
  • it is essentially a gravitationally inverted hydroelectric plant under the sea, with the possibility of sizing all the parameters (manometric height, flow and number of units) on a capital scale.
  • FIG. 13 to 19b A second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 13 to 19b, in which the electrical power generation system 1b is arranged in an underground environment, as will be detailed below.
  • the same numerical references have been used to identify those common elements of the system
  • the system 1b can comprise one or more electricity generating units.
  • a single electricity generating unit comprising
  • a capsule 3 housed inside the vertical conduit 2, configured with the ability to move with a reciprocating movement between a lifting position A and a lowering position B of the vertical conduit 2, the capsule 3 being provided with a watertight hollow casing that houses in its interior the tank 4 (see figure 14) for charging the carbon dioxide in a semi-liquid state;
  • - Loading means 5 configured by a supply conduit 13 provided with a non-return loading valve 14 located on the upper part of the vertical conduit 2, and adapted to be coupled to a loading mouth 4a of the tank 4 when the capsule 3 is located in its lifting position A, so that the filling of the tank 4 with the carbon dioxide charge provides a controlled descent of the capsule 3 towards its lowering position B under the effect of the force of gravity;
  • - Discharge means 6 configured by an evacuation conduit 15 provided with a non-return discharge valve 16 located under the lower part of the vertical conduit 2, and adapted to be coupled to a mouth of outlet 4b of the tank 4 when the capsule 3 is in its lowering position B, so that the emptying of the tank 4 provides a controlled ascent of the capsule 3 towards its lifting position A by the effect of a mechanical traction force capable of counteract the force of gravity; Y
  • - energy conversion means 7 configured by at least one winch 30 arranged above the upper part of the vertical duct 2, provided with a tie rod 31 wound to the rotating shaft of the winch 30 and coupled at its free end to the upper part of the shell of the capsule 3 by means of an anchoring element 32, so that the winch 30 is able to receive the traction force of the tie 31 generated by the weight of the capsule 3 filled with the carbon dioxide charge during its downward movement by effect of the force of gravity, and being a driving shaft of the winch 30 mechanically connected to an electric power generator 20, through a gear train 33 that acts as a speed reducer, to generate electricity in each lowering movement of capsule 3.
  • the winch 30 is capable of operating with the motor of the electric power generator 20 rotating in the opposite direction, in order to exert a traction force capable of lifting the empty capsule 3 from the lowering position B to the lifting position. A. Therefore, once the capsule 3 has been emptied, the motor of the winch 30 allows the capsule 3 to be raised, the energy consumed being negligible.
  • Figure 19a shows schematically by means of an arrow the direction of the traction force on the tie rod 31 of the winch 30 during the descent of the capsule 3 filled with the carbon dioxide charge due to the effect of the force of gravity to generate electricity
  • figure 19b the traction force on the tie rod 31 of the winch 30 during the ascent of the empty capsule 3 driven by the motor of the electric power generator 20 to recover the potential energy given up has been represented.
  • the capsule 3 comprises bearings 34 (see Figures 15 and 18) designed to slide on complementary longitudinal rails 35 arranged on the inner wall of the vertical duct 2 (see figure 16), in order to maintain the stability of the capsule 3 during its reciprocating movement along the vertical duct 2.
  • systems 1a, 1b fulfill the same function, dispense with a downstream transport line for the transport of carbon dioxide for its underground confinement, doing so by means of capsules 3 itinerant, which makes it possible to generate electricity by taking advantage of the potential energy that results from the vertical distance between the discharge point (valve 16) and the surface (land level or sea level).
  • the confinement of carbon dioxide takes place under an impermeable rocky mantle, typically at depths greater than one kilometer.
  • the idea is to transport the carbon dioxide up to the last valve 9a (see figure 8), located at the upper level of the marine 11 or terrestrial 12 rocky mantle, in the semi-liquid state with which it is transported in pipelines, but doing so by filling various 3 capsules descending and ascending in coordination.
  • the force is given by the floating of the air or vacuum inside the capsule 3, which makes it emerge through the surrounding, denser medium, displacing the column of water above it. Therefore, instead of mgh, the potential energy is expressed as Dr V gh, where Dr V are respectively the difference in density between the interior of capsule 3 (during the process of energy conversion, or ascent of capsule 3) and that of the surrounding medium, water, and the volume of the interior of capsule 3.
  • the mass for the underground case of the second embodiment is expressed also as a product of the density of carbon dioxide in the supercritical state (approximately 70% that of water) multiplied by the volume of the interior of the capsule 3: p ⁇ 2 ⁇ V g h.
  • the potential energy in turn is converted into useful work on the energy conversion medium, being the only thing that changes between the systems of both embodiments.
  • the energy extracted at vertical distance parity is similar since the difference in densities can be approximately compensated with the difference in efficiency between one energy conversion medium and another (hydraulic turbine versus winch).
  • both systems 1a, 1b fulfill the same function and generate (through different mechanisms) and from the same primary source of energy (potential energy) an equivalent amount of electrical energy. It can also be understood as the same concept and function, but acting in different environments (underwater and underground).
  • the vertical duct 2 is submerged (underwater case) or buried (underground case), allows the system to operate under controlled conditions and continuously, without the meteorology being a determining factor and without also generating disruption on the environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de génération d'énergie électrique à partir d'une force gravitationnelle qui comprend un conduit vertical (2); une capsule (3) obtenue dans un processus de pompage de dioxyde de carbone déplaçable à l'intérieur du conduit vertical (2) avec un mouvement de va-et-vient, et pourvue d'un réservoir (4) pour la charge de dioxyde de carbone à l'aide de moyens de charge (5) et de décharge (6), de sorte que le remplissage de la charge assure un mouvement descendant de la capsule (3) sous l'effet d'une force de poussée descendante et le vidage de la charge assure un mouvement ascendant de la capsule (3) sous l'effet d'une force de poussée ascendante; et des moyens de conversion énergétique (7) configurés pour convertir l'énergie potentielle résultant du mouvement de montée ou de descente de la capsule (3) en énergie électrique. Le système est implémenté dans une installation de capture et de stockage de carbone, la capsule (3) servant de moyen de transport du dioxyde de carbone pour son confinement ultérieur.
PCT/ES2019/070679 2019-10-08 2019-10-08 Système de génération d'énergie électrique à partir d'une force gravitationnelle obtenue dans un processus de pompage de dioxyde de carbone Ceased WO2021069763A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000061293A (ja) * 1998-08-18 2000-02-29 Toshiba Corp メタンハイドレートを燃料として利用するシステム
WO2013034817A1 (fr) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Fabron Jean-Luc Réacteur gravitationnel
US20150033717A1 (en) * 2013-08-05 2015-02-05 Kuo-Hua Hsu Ocean buoyancy power generating system
WO2015027113A1 (fr) 2013-08-22 2015-02-26 Gravity Power LLC Système et procédé de stockage d'énergie
WO2018071014A1 (fr) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-19 Safety Design Usa, Inc. Système de turbine sous-marine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000061293A (ja) * 1998-08-18 2000-02-29 Toshiba Corp メタンハイドレートを燃料として利用するシステム
WO2013034817A1 (fr) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Fabron Jean-Luc Réacteur gravitationnel
US20150033717A1 (en) * 2013-08-05 2015-02-05 Kuo-Hua Hsu Ocean buoyancy power generating system
WO2015027113A1 (fr) 2013-08-22 2015-02-26 Gravity Power LLC Système et procédé de stockage d'énergie
WO2018071014A1 (fr) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-19 Safety Design Usa, Inc. Système de turbine sous-marine

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