WO2021065372A1 - 車両制御装置 - Google Patents
車両制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021065372A1 WO2021065372A1 PCT/JP2020/033883 JP2020033883W WO2021065372A1 WO 2021065372 A1 WO2021065372 A1 WO 2021065372A1 JP 2020033883 W JP2020033883 W JP 2020033883W WO 2021065372 A1 WO2021065372 A1 WO 2021065372A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
- B60W50/085—Changing the parameters of the control units, e.g. changing limit values, working points by control input
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/46—Series type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
- B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
- B60W40/08—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to drivers or passengers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/0097—Predicting future conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/0814—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
- F02N11/0818—Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
- F02N11/0833—Vehicle conditions
- F02N11/0837—Environmental conditions thereof, e.g. traffic, weather or road conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/043—Identity of occupants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2554/00—Input parameters relating to objects
- B60W2554/40—Dynamic objects, e.g. animals, windblown objects
- B60W2554/404—Characteristics
- B60W2554/4042—Longitudinal speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2556/00—Input parameters relating to data
- B60W2556/45—External transmission of data to or from the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W2754/00—Output or target parameters relating to objects
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- B60W2754/00—Output or target parameters relating to objects
- B60W2754/10—Spatial relation or speed relative to objects
- B60W2754/50—Relative longitudinal speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
- F02D2041/1412—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using a predictive controller
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/06—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the power supply or driving circuits for the starter
- F02N2200/061—Battery state of charge [SOC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/08—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
- F02N2200/0801—Vehicle speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/10—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to driver demands or status
- F02N2200/101—Accelerator pedal position
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/10—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to driver demands or status
- F02N2200/102—Brake pedal position
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/12—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
- F02N2200/123—Information about vehicle position, e.g. from navigation systems or GPS signals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F02N2200/125—Information about other vehicles, traffic lights or traffic congestion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
- F02N2300/20—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method
- F02N2300/2006—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method using prediction of future conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
- F02N2300/30—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the use of digital means
- F02N2300/302—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the use of digital means using data communication
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle control device that controls an engine so as to improve fuel efficiency in consideration of the driving characteristics of a driver and an automatic driving system.
- Patent Document 1 suppresses the start of an engine when it is expected that the engine will be stopped immediately after the start of the engine when the engine is started and the vehicle is driven by the engine during the running by the motor drive. ..
- Patent Document 1 when a vehicle interrupting the front of the own vehicle is detected and deceleration is expected based on the prediction of whether or not the driver performs a deceleration operation, the mode is changed from the motor mode to the engine mode. It is said that by providing the engine start suppressing means for interrupting the switching, the deterioration of fuel efficiency due to repeated engine start and stop can be improved, and further better acceleration performance can be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 when the inter-vehicle distance is narrowed by the accelerator operation during the follow-up control, the own vehicle speed is higher than the preceding vehicle speed after the accelerator is turned off, so that the inter-vehicle distance does not continue to be narrowed. Therefore, when the target inter-vehicle distance is set when the accelerator is turned off, the speed changes in the order of deceleration, acceleration, and deceleration occur, and the inter-vehicle distance control device suppresses the deterioration of drivability.
- Target inter-vehicle distance change that changes the target inter-vehicle distance based on the inter-vehicle distance acquisition means acquired by the inter-vehicle distance acquisition means according to the driver's acceleration operation or deceleration operation detected by the inter-vehicle distance acquisition means for acquiring the distance and the operation detection means.
- the means and the relative speed acquisition means for acquiring the relative speed between the own vehicle and the preceding vehicle are provided, and the target vehicle-to-vehicle distance changing means performs a deceleration operation after detecting the end of the acceleration operation by the acceleration operation detecting means or by the deceleration operation detecting means.
- the target vehicle-to-vehicle distance is changed based on the actual vehicle-to-vehicle distance when the condition that the relative speed between the own vehicle and the preceding vehicle after the acceleration / deceleration operation is zero (that is, the own vehicle and the preceding vehicle have the same vehicle speed) is satisfied. As a result, it is possible to prevent deterioration of drivability due to extra acceleration / deceleration, and the driver does not feel uncomfortable.
- Patent Document 1 the opportunity to improve fuel efficiency is limited to the time when an interrupting vehicle is detected, and there is room for improvement in expanding the opportunity to obtain the effect.
- Patent Document 2 the accelerator pedal return operation or the brake pedal Although it is an attempt to obtain the characteristics of the driver at the timing of the return operation, the information is not available for the state in which the driver continues to operate the accelerator or the brake, that is, most of the time of the driving operation. Further, in any of the documents, from the viewpoint of predicting the behavior of the driver, consideration is not sufficiently given to information that seems to be different for each driver such as the driver's intention and habit.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle control device that controls an engine so as to improve fuel efficiency in consideration of the driving characteristics of a driver and an automatic driving system.
- the vehicle control device includes a driving characteristic calculation unit that calculates a driving characteristic parameter of the own vehicle based on the distance between the preceding vehicle and the own vehicle, and the preceding vehicle after a predetermined time based on the inter-vehicle distance.
- the preceding vehicle state prediction unit that predicts the state of the preceding vehicle, the state of the preceding vehicle after a predetermined time predicted by the preceding vehicle state prediction unit, and the driving characteristic parameter of the own vehicle calculated by the driving characteristic calculation unit. Based on this, it is provided with a drive state estimation unit that estimates the drive state of the own vehicle after a predetermined time.
- the engine can be controlled so as to improve fuel efficiency in consideration of the driving characteristics of the driver and the automatic driving system.
- Block diagram showing the vehicle control device of the first embodiment The figure explaining the function of the preceding vehicle state estimation part which concerns on Example 1.
- the figure explaining the function of the drive state estimation part which concerns on Example 1. An example of a map in which the estimated acceleration and the required driving force according to the first embodiment are arranged.
- Schematic diagram of the hybrid electric vehicle according to the second embodiment Block diagram of the control unit according to the second embodiment A block diagram showing a control device of a vehicle including an operation plan generation unit according to a second embodiment.
- Example 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6C.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a main part of the vehicle control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the vehicle control device 10 of the present embodiment includes a preceding vehicle state prediction unit 11 that predicts the future preceding vehicle state, a driving characteristic calculation unit 12 that extracts the driving characteristics of the own vehicle, and a future own vehicle.
- the drive state estimation unit 13 for estimating the drive state of the vehicle is provided.
- the vehicle control device 10 is a computer including a computing device such as a CPU, a storage device such as a semiconductor memory, and hardware such as a communication device. Then, the functions of each part are realized by the arithmetic unit executing the program loaded in the storage device. In the following, the details of each part will be sequentially described while appropriately omitting such well-known techniques in the computer field. To do.
- Preceding vehicle state predicting unit 11 Preceding vehicle state predicting unit 11, the preceding vehicle and the vehicle headway distance dx, the preceding vehicle and the vehicle relative velocity dv, and, based on the vehicle speed v e, to predict the future of the preceding vehicle state.
- the future preceding vehicle state referred to here is a prediction of how the positional relationship between the preceding vehicle and the own vehicle (inter-vehicle distance dx) and the relative speed dv will change at a future time such as 5 seconds or 20 seconds later. Information. This can be obtained, for example, by using the following equation 1.
- Equation 1 ⁇ represents an arbitrary time on the virtual time axis ⁇ axis
- ⁇ + 1 means a virtual time at which the time step d ⁇ has elapsed from the time ⁇ .
- This time step d ⁇ is, for example, 0.1 second or 1 second.
- x p is the position of the preceding vehicle
- v p is the speed of the preceding vehicle
- ⁇ p is the acceleration of the preceding vehicle.
- Change of the preceding vehicle velocity v p is at any time tau, the preceding vehicle velocity v p (tau), the preceding vehicle acceleration ⁇ p ( ⁇ ), can be calculated as Equation 2.
- the initial value v p ( ⁇ 0 ) of the preceding vehicle speed v p of the formula 1 and the formula 2 can be calculated as in the formula 3, for example.
- v e the vehicle speed measured by the speed sensor, the dv s a moment of relative velocity of the preceding vehicle and the vehicle.
- the preceding vehicle acceleration ⁇ p of the formulas 1 and 2 is the preceding vehicle speed v p ( ⁇ 0 ) obtained by the formula 3 and the preceding vehicle speed v obtained by the formula 3 before one processing cycle dt job of the vehicle control device 10. It is calculated as in Equation 4 using pile.
- t axis is a real time axis
- ⁇ axis is a virtual time axis
- v axis is a velocity axis.
- one scale of the real time axis t axis is the processing cycle dt job of the vehicle control device 10
- one scale of the virtual time axis ⁇ axis is a time step d ⁇ (for example, 0.1 second or 1 second) that can be arbitrarily set. Is.
- the preceding vehicle state prediction unit 11 When there is a preceding vehicle, the preceding vehicle state prediction unit 11 performs the following calculation for each processing cycle dt job. That is, first, the preceding vehicle speed v p ( ⁇ 0 ) is calculated using Equation 3 (see the black circle in FIG. 2). Next, using Equation 2 with the preceding vehicle speed v p ( ⁇ 0 ) as the initial value, the preceding vehicle state up to a predetermined time (for example, 5 seconds later) is set to a virtual time step d ⁇ (for example, 5 seconds later). Calculate every 0.1 seconds or 1 second (see the white circles connected by the dotted lines in FIG. 2). As a result, it is possible to predict the preceding vehicle state based on the detection result of the preceding vehicle state for each processing cycle dt job.
- an appropriate filter may be applied.
- a low-pass filter or a Kalman filter can be preferably used as such a filter.
- the initial value v p ( ⁇ 0 ) of the preceding vehicle speed and the preceding vehicle acceleration ⁇ p can be obtained by calculation as described above, or can be directly detected using a sensor, or can be detected directly via a communication device or the like. You may use the value provided by the car.
- ⁇ Driving characteristic calculation unit 12 Operating characteristic calculation unit 12, the inter-vehicle distance dx, the relative velocity dv, car speed v e, the accelerator pedal operation amount, and, calculated on the basis of the brake pedal operation amount, the operation characteristic parameter for estimating the required driving force ⁇ To do. The processing performed by the operation characteristic calculation unit 12 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- step S1 the own vehicle acceleration ⁇ e is acquired.
- Vehicle acceleration alpha e may be calculated from the vehicle speed v es the current measured by the speed sensor as in Equation 5, it may be measured by an acceleration sensor for measuring acceleration of the vehicle. Further, an appropriate filter may be applied to the calculation result or the measurement result.
- v eold is vehicle velocity v es of one processing cycle dt job before.
- step S2 it is determined whether the preceding vehicle is being detected (that is, whether the output of the preceding vehicle state prediction unit 11 is an effective value). If the preceding vehicle is detected, the process proceeds to step S3, and if not, the process proceeds to step S7.
- step S3 the inter-vehicle distance at the present time measured by the distance sensor based on dx s and the vehicle velocity v es measured by the speed sensor, measures the time headway THW.
- the inter-vehicle time THW is the time expected to reach the preceding vehicle position when the current own vehicle speed ves is continued, and is calculated as in Equation 6.
- step S4 the inter-vehicle time THW obtained in step S3 is compared with the threshold value THW th , and it is estimated whether the own vehicle is following the vehicle or is substantially traveling alone. If the inter-vehicle time THW is smaller than the threshold value THW th , the process proceeds to step S5, and if the inter-vehicle time THW is equal to or greater than the threshold value THW th and it can be considered that the vehicle is substantially independently traveling, the process proceeds to step S7.
- the threshold value THW th for identifying travel following substantial alone traveling, greater than 2 to 3 seconds, and it is necessary to set the not too large a value.
- the threshold value THW th is preferably in the range from 5 seconds to 20 seconds, for example, about 15 seconds are particularly suitable.
- the threshold value THW th may be changed based on the vehicle speed. For example, at the time of low speed running have configured the THW th to about 15 seconds, a method such as the vehicle speed is reduced to about 5 seconds with increasing speed is considered. By doing so, it is possible to suppress the setting of an inappropriate driving characteristic parameter ⁇ for follow-up driving during substantially independent driving.
- step S4 If it is determined in step S4 that the follow-up running is in progress, the process proceeds to step S5, and the data necessary for calculating the motion characteristic parameter ⁇ during the follow-up running is acquired.
- step S5a the car speed v e to the buffer in step S5a.
- step S5b the inter-vehicle distance dx is stored in the buffer.
- step S5c the relative velocity dv is stored in the buffer.
- step S5d the own vehicle acceleration ⁇ e is stored in the buffer.
- the order of the storage processes is not particularly limited, and the information to be stored in the buffer is not limited to this.
- the estimation accuracy of the driving state in the driving state estimation unit 13 increases, and on the other hand, by reducing the information stored in the buffer, the calculation processing speed is increased. It can be expected to be used and the memory consumption can be reduced.
- the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ can be calculated by storing at least the inter-vehicle distance dx, the relative speed dv, and the own vehicle acceleration ⁇ e in the buffer.
- the buffer referred to here is a database that stores the inter-vehicle distance dx and the like for each processing cycle dt job of the driving characteristic calculation unit 12 and can hold it as an array or list structure that can be referred back to a predetermined time. It is preferable to set such a time as about 30 seconds, 1 minute, or 10 minutes.
- the storage in the buffer does not have to be performed every processing cycle dt job, and may be downsampled at predetermined time intervals such as every 1 second or every 5 seconds, or every 5 m or 10 m. Sampling may be performed according to the mileage such as for each mileage. Further car speed v e are also possible sampling such 1km / h and 5km / h change each, it may be used in combination.
- step S6 the operation characteristic parameter ⁇ is calculated using the information acquired in step S5.
- Equation 7 shows an example of a drive state estimation model that reflects the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ calculated here.
- Equation 7 is an example of a drive state estimation model that estimates the drive state y of the own vehicle based on two explanatory variables x 1 and x 2, and includes an explanatory variable x 1 (for example, an inter-vehicle distance dx) and an explanatory variable.
- the driving state y (for example, the own vehicle acceleration ⁇ e ) is estimated based on x 2 (for example, the relative velocity dv).
- ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 1 , and ⁇ 2 are the driving characteristic parameters ⁇ to be obtained in step S6, and by increasing the accuracy of these driving characteristic parameters ⁇ , the estimation accuracy of the driving state y can be improved.
- step S6 when the information acquired in step S5 is increased as in [x 0 , x 1 , x 2 , ..., x (n-1) , x n ] as in equation 8, in step S6.
- the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ to be obtained also increases as [ ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ..., ⁇ (n-1) , ⁇ n ].
- Equation 9 is a hypothetical function h g (x) including the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ to be obtained.
- step S5 The information acquired in step S5 is visualized in the form shown in Table 1, for example.
- Equation 11 In order to represent the hypothetical function h g (x) of Equation 9 in a matrix, if the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ and the explanatory variable x are defined as in Equation 11,
- the hypothetical function h g (x) can be expressed as the product of the transposed matrix of the operating characteristic parameter ⁇ and the matrix of the explanatory variable x as in Equation 12.
- each operation characteristic parameter ⁇ is derived by obtaining Equation 14. To do. Then, the operation characteristic parameter ⁇ calculated in this way is transmitted to the drive state estimation unit 13.
- step S7 if the preceding vehicle is not detected in step S2, or if it is determined in step S4 that the vehicle is substantially independent, it is necessary to calculate the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ during independent driving in step S7. Data is acquired.
- step S7 is basically the same as the processing in step S5, and buffers the explanatory variable x for explaining the driving state y of the own vehicle (for example, the own vehicle acceleration ⁇ e) in the equation 7.
- the vehicle speed v e In step S7a and stored in the buffer, and stores the subject vehicle acceleration alpha e in step S7b in the buffer.
- step S8 the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ is calculated by the same method as in step S6, and the calculated driving characteristic parameter ⁇ during independent traveling is output to the drive state estimation unit 13.
- the method of calculating the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ in each of the following running and the solo running has been described above, but the method of calculating the driving parameter performed by the driving characteristic calculation unit 12 of this embodiment is not limited to the above method. It suffices if the acceleration generated by the driver's operation can be predicted. For example, using the acceleration detection result and the explanatory variables that explain it as described above, the operating characteristics are modeled as a probabilistic model that follows the kernel density estimation method and the mixed Gaussian distribution, and the information for generating these distributions is operated. It may be a characteristic parameter.
- the driver's inter-vehicle time THW and acceleration on the acceleration side and deceleration side are measured, and if the current inter-vehicle time THW is larger than the obtained average value of the inter-vehicle time, the vehicle accelerates with the average acceleration on the acceleration side.
- the driver-required acceleration may be obtained so as to decelerate at the average acceleration on the deceleration side, and the average value or average of the accelerations may be obtained.
- the inter-vehicle time or the average collision margin time may be used as a driving characteristic parameter.
- the driving state estimation unit 13 includes the future preceding vehicle state (position, speed) predicted by the preceding vehicle state prediction unit 11, the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ of the own vehicle extracted by the driving characteristic calculation unit 12, and equations 7 and 8. Based on the drive state estimation model shown in, the driver's required acceleration in the future of the own vehicle is calculated and the drive state is predicted. The calculation contents will be described below.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of deriving the drive state by the drive state estimation unit 13.
- t axis is a real time axis
- ⁇ axis is a virtual time axis
- v axis is a velocity axis.
- the preceding vehicle speed v p at each time indicated by the black circle and the own vehicle speed v e at each time indicated by the black square are plotted on the real time axis t axis and the speed axis v axis plane.
- the future preceding vehicle speed v p ( ⁇ n ) indicated by a white circle predicted by the preceding vehicle state prediction unit 11 with the preceding vehicle speed v p ( ⁇ 0 ) at the current time t now as the initial value is the virtual time axis ⁇ .
- t axis is the real time axis
- ⁇ axis is the virtual time axis
- x axis is the position axis.
- the preceding vehicle position x p at each time indicated by a black circle and the own vehicle position x e at each time indicated by a black square are plotted on the real-time axis t axis and the position axis x axis plane.
- the future preceding vehicle position x p ( ⁇ n ) indicated by a white circle predicted by the preceding vehicle state prediction unit 11 with the preceding vehicle position x p ( ⁇ 0 ) at the current time t now as the initial value is the virtual time axis ⁇ .
- the vehicle position x e ( ⁇ n ) indicated by a white triangle, which is estimated while predicting the required driving force, is plotted in the virtual time axis ⁇ axis direction at time step d ⁇ intervals. Since FIG. 4B shows the state in which the vehicle position x e ( ⁇ n ) is being calculated, only x e ( ⁇ 2 ) is displayed, but after v e ( ⁇ 3 ). Is also calculated and plotted.
- the feature of the vehicle control device 10 of this embodiment is the prediction processing of the behavior of the own vehicle in the virtual time axis ⁇ axis direction and the prediction processing of the driving force request, the following describes the virtual time axis ⁇ axis direction at the current time t now. The explanation will focus on the prediction of.
- FIG. 4 (c) is a two-dimensional representation of the speed prediction result in the virtual time axis ⁇ axis direction at the current time t now in FIG. 4 (a) in a three-dimensional representation
- FIG. 4 (d) is a graph. It is a graph which excerpted the position prediction result in the virtual time axis ⁇ axis direction at the present time t now of FIG.
- the own vehicle acceleration ⁇ e ( ⁇ n ) is calculated by substituting the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ calculated by the driving characteristic calculation unit 12 into the equation 7.
- ⁇ 0, the acceleration obtained by Equation 5 is adopted as the initial value ⁇ e ( ⁇ 0).
- Equation 15 the acceleration ⁇ e ( ⁇ n) obtained sequentially estimates the next time step velocity v e ( ⁇ n + 1) as shown in Equation 15.
- the state of the own vehicle is changed on the virtual time, and based on this, the required acceleration based on the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ is estimated by the equation 7.
- the own vehicle acceleration change is recursively estimated by sequentially updating the own vehicle state at each prediction step.
- the acceleration ⁇ e required by the driver can be estimated by using the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ calculated in step S8 instead of the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ calculated in step S6 of FIG.
- the drive state estimation unit 13 generates a predicted value of the own vehicle acceleration ⁇ e in the virtual time axis ⁇ axis direction from the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ .
- the driving state estimation unit 13 estimates the driving force required for the vehicle from the estimated own vehicle acceleration ⁇ e ( ⁇ n).
- the driving force may be estimated by converting the acceleration using a motion model in which the motion of the vehicle is replaced with the motion of the mass point system as in Equation 17, and the required driving force is simply obtained with respect to the acceleration and the speed of the vehicle. You may prepare a map that organizes.
- Equation 17 F d ( ⁇ n ) is the required driving force.
- R a ( ⁇ n ) is the air resistance
- R r ( ⁇ n ) is the rolling resistance
- R s ( ⁇ n ) is the climbing resistance
- R acc ( ⁇ n ) is the active component of the acceleration resistance.
- ⁇ is the air density, and a predetermined value such as 1.1841 kg / m 3 may be set assuming 25 ° C. and 1 atm, or may be corrected based on the environmental temperature and the atmospheric pressure.
- C d is a drag coefficient, and values such as 0.3, 0.25, and 0.35 can be set based on the specifications of the vehicle equipped with the vehicle control device of this embodiment.
- A is the front projected area of the vehicle, which can be determined based on the specifications of the vehicle, such as 2 m 2 to 10 m 2.
- v e ( ⁇ n) is an estimate of the speed of the vehicle at each time calculated as equation 15.
- ⁇ is a rolling resistance coefficient, which can be determined by the condition of the wheels and the traveling road surface mounted on the vehicle 100, and can be set to a value such as 0.02 or 0.005.
- M is the weight of the vehicle 100, and a value can be set for the dry weight of the vehicle according to the weight of the fuel, the number of occupants, and the load capacity.
- a predetermined value obtained by adding a predetermined weight to the dry weight or the dry weight of the vehicle may be set as a typical predetermined value.
- Equation 16 is the acceleration of gravity may be set a predetermined value such as 9.80665 m / s 2 and 9.8 m / s 2 and 10 m / s 2.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ n ) is the road surface gradient at the position of the vehicle estimated as in Equation 16. The same applies to Equation 20.
- Equation 21 ⁇ M is the inertial weight of the vehicle, and a predetermined value such as 3% or 8% of the vehicle weight M may be set, or a measured value may be used.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ n ) is the acceleration estimated by Equation 7.
- Equations 18 to 21 it is not always necessary to accurately derive all of the active components defined by Equations 18 to 21, and for example, when the gradient of the path is unknown, it is replaced with a constant value or considered as a plane movement. This may be set to 0, but in this case, the estimation of the driving force deteriorates. Needless to say, the accuracy of estimating the driving force is improved so that each parameter can be set accurately.
- FIG. 6A shows a change in the own vehicle speed ves
- FIG. 6A (b) shows a change in the own vehicle acceleration ⁇ e
- FIG. 6A (c) shows an estimation of the driving state estimation unit 13.
- the horizontal axis is the real time axis t axis
- the vertical axis is the virtual time axis ⁇ axis .
- the vehicle acceleration alpha e is positive period in FIG. 6A (b) (origin near see arrow i, ii, iii), and increases the vehicle speed v e shown in FIG. 6A (a) cages, on the one hand, in the period the vehicle acceleration alpha e is negative and the vehicle velocity v e is reduced. Comparing FIGS. 6A (b) and 6 (c), there is a white region with high brightness in FIG. 6A (c) prior to the period in which the vehicle acceleration ⁇ e increases in FIG. 6A (b). I understand.
- the driving state estimation unit 13 uses the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ extracted from the driving tendency of the driver of the own vehicle by the driving characteristic calculation unit 12 to accelerate the driver before the own vehicle is actually accelerated. Accurately predict the operation.
- a black region having low brightness exists prior to the period in which the vehicle acceleration ⁇ e decreases, so that the driving state estimation unit 13 uses the vehicle. Accurately predicts the driver's deceleration operation before the vehicle is actually decelerated.
- the upward direction of the paper surface corresponds to the positive direction (future direction) of the virtual time ⁇ , and at each time of the real time t, from the bottom to the top, from the near future to the distant future. It shows that it predicts the change of the acceleration requirement of.
- FIG. 6B is an extraction of the prediction result of the driver-required acceleration estimated by the driving state estimation unit 13 at a certain time ta. This is a rewrite the data of the virtual time axis tau axis direction in the plane transversely at time t a of Figure 6A (c). Therefore, the course of the right side of the virtual time ⁇ in FIG. 6B is an equivalent to the course of the upper side of the virtual time ⁇ at time t a of Figure 6A (c).
- the driving state estimation unit 13 is expecting an increase in the future the driver requested acceleration I understand.
- FIG. 6C is a redrawing of the change in the shade of FIG. 6B as the change in the acceleration requirement. As shown here, the change in lightness from dark to light in FIG. 6B is represented in FIG. 6C as the required acceleration increasing from small to large with the passage of the virtual time ⁇ .
- the vehicle control device 10 includes a preceding vehicle detection unit and a preceding vehicle state prediction unit that predicts a future preceding vehicle state based on the preceding vehicle state obtained by the preceding vehicle detection unit.
- a driving characteristic calculation unit that calculates driving characteristics and a future preceding vehicle obtained by the preceding vehicle condition prediction unit in order to predict what kind of driving state the own vehicle will be in accordance with the predicted preceding vehicle condition.
- Example 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 15. It should be noted that the common points with the first embodiment will be omitted.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration diagram of a vehicle 100 equipped with a control unit 1 including a vehicle control device 10 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the vehicle 100 shown in FIG. 7 is a series-type hybrid electric vehicle in which the vehicle is driven only by the driving force of a motor, and the fuel stored in the fuel tank 101 is burned from chemical energy in the engine 102 (internal combustion engine).
- the generator 103 is driven by converting it into kinetic energy (rotational force) via a piston mechanism or a clan mechanism (not shown) via conversion into heat and pressure energy.
- the input shaft is rotated by the rotational force of the engine 102, a magnet (not shown) is rotated, and electric power is generated by electromagnetic induction.
- the electric power generated by the generator 103 is charged to the battery 104 and converted into kinetic energy (rotational force) by the motor 106 via the inverter 105.
- the kinetic energy converted by the motor 106 becomes a driving force for traveling the vehicle 100, and the vehicle 100 is driven by rotating the wheels 108 via the traveling device 107 to move the vehicle 100 forward or backward. Further, the vehicle 100 turns left and right by changing the angle of the wheels 108 by the steering device 109.
- the brake actuator 110 converts kinetic energy into thermal energy by pressing a friction material against a drum or disc that rotates together with the wheels 108, and brakes the vehicle 100.
- the control unit 1 receives an acceleration request from the driver as an operation amount of the accelerator pedal 111, and detects this by an accelerator pedal position sensor (not shown).
- the request for braking is detected as the operating amount of the brake pedal 112 as a brake switch (not shown) or as a brake fluid pressure (not shown).
- the steering angle sensor 113 detects the amount of operation of the steering device 109 by the driver, and detects that the vehicle has a turning request.
- the vehicle speed sensor 114 detects the number of rotations of the wheels 108, and detects this as the traveling speed of the vehicle 100.
- the front recognition sensor 115 detects other vehicles traveling in front of the vehicle 100, pedestrians, obstacles on the road, and the like, measures the moving speed and the distance to an object, and detects the distance.
- An image pickup device, a radar device, a sonar, or a laser scanner can be preferably used for the front recognition sensor 115.
- the image pickup device is composed of a monocular camera or a stereo camera using a solid-state image sensor such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), and by detecting visible light and infrared light. Acquires the road condition in front of the vehicle, the state of obstacles including the preceding vehicle, regulatory information, environmental conditions, etc.
- the feature amount related to the shape of the object is extracted based on the color difference and the brightness difference.
- infrared light radiation is detected by infrared light, and a feature amount related to the shape of the object is extracted from the temperature difference.
- image sensors capable of extracting features in this way are installed at arbitrary intervals and shutters are synchronized. For example, the amount of pixel shift is obtained as parallax for an image shifted to the left or right, and the distance is calculated. In addition, the direction of the target is calculated based on information such as where such a feature amount exists on the pixel. The information acquired in this way is output to the control unit 1.
- the radar device detects obstacles such as other vehicles existing in front, side, and rear of the own vehicle, and obtains information such as the distance between the own vehicle and the obstacle, identification information of the other vehicle, and relative speed dv. get.
- the radar device includes an oscillator that oscillates radio waves and a receiving unit that receives radio waves, and transmits the radio waves oscillated by the oscillator toward the external space. A part of the oscillated radio wave reaches the object and is detected by the receiving unit as a reflected wave. The amplitude and frequency of the radio waves to be transmitted.
- the time difference between transmission and reception detected by the correlation between this and the signal detected by the receiving unit is obtained, and this is converted into a distance.
- the angle at which an object exists can be detected by transmitting radio waves only in a limited direction and changing the transmission direction to scan.
- the acquired information is output to the control unit 1.
- the front recognition sensor 115 is a sonar, it can be detected in the same manner by replacing the radio wave with a sound wave. Further, when a laser scanner is used, the same detection can be performed by replacing the radio wave with the laser beam.
- the control unit 1 detects the control state of the engine 102, the generator 103, the battery 104, the inverter 105, and the motor 106, and realizes the request for acceleration, braking, or turning from the driver as described above. And the generator 103, the battery 104, the inverter 105, and the motor 106.
- control unit 1 has elements that are not connected to the control unit 1 or elements that are not shown in FIG. 1 in order to execute the processing necessary for operating the vehicle 100. This does not limit this, and there is no problem even if the control unit 1 executes a process other than the process included in the disclosure of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the control unit 1.
- the control unit 1 stores a microcomputer for performing calculations, a central processing unit (CPU), a non-volatile memory (Read only memory: ROM) for storing a program describing the arithmetic processing, and information during the calculation.
- Main memory RAM
- a / D converter Analog-to-Digital-Converter
- It is composed of a communication port for communicating with 1 and executes various processes for operating the vehicle 100.
- Target driving force calculation unit 201 calculates the acceleration request of the driver to the vehicle 100 based on the accelerator pedal operation amount.
- the driving force distribution calculation unit 202 outputs the target motor state for realizing the target driving force calculated by the target driving force calculation unit 201 to the inverter control unit 203, and the engine 102 is charged from the battery charge state.
- the electric power to be generated by driving the generator 103 and the electric power to be supplied by discharging the battery are calculated, and the target engine state in which the generator 103 can generate the desired electric power is output to the engine control unit 204.
- the engine control unit 204 controls the throttle valve opening degree (not shown) provided in the engine 102 in order to realize the target engine state.
- the throttle valve provided in the engine 102 controls the inflow air amount of the engine 102, and when the inflow air amount to the engine 102 increases, the amount of fuel that can be burned can be increased, that is, the engine output can be increased. ..
- the amount of electric power that can be generated by the generator 103 increases, and the amount of electric power that can be supplied to the motor 106 via the inverter 105 increases accordingly, so that the driving force for running the vehicle 100 can be increased. ..
- the target braking force calculation unit 205 calculates the braking force of the vehicle 100 based on the driver's brake pedal operation amount and accelerator pedal operation amount. Basically, the brake control unit 206 controls the brake actuator 110 based on the amount of operation of the brake pedal.
- the target driving force calculation unit 201 calculates the driver's deceleration request for the vehicle 100 based on the operation amount of the brake pedal when the accelerator pedal is not operated.
- the braking force distribution calculation unit 207 converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle 100 into thermal energy via the brake actuator 110 with respect to the braking force generated in the vehicle 100, and the inverter control unit 203 is based on the battery charging state. Through the regenerative operation of the inverter 105 and the motor 106, the amount of regenerative energy of the vehicle 100 as electrical energy is calculated.
- the brake actuator When the brake control unit 206 is notified of the distribution of the braking force by the braking force distribution calculation unit 207, the brake actuator so as to realize the braking force determined by the braking force distribution unit instead of the braking force based on the brake pedal operation amount.
- the inverter control unit 203 controls the inverter 105 so as to output a frequency lower than the synchronous speed of the motor 106.
- the motor 106 is in a state of being brought from the outside through the wheels 108 and the traveling device 107 by the inertial force of the vehicle 100, and rotates at a rotation speed corresponding to the speed of the vehicle 100.
- the motor 106 slips in an attempt to maintain the operating frequency of the inverter 105, and a braking torque proportional to the slip frequency is generated.
- a braking torque proportional to the slip frequency is generated.
- the electric energy due to the braking torque is returned to the inverter 105, and by charging the battery 104, a regenerative brake that can regenerate the traveling energy as electric power can be used, and the fuel efficiency of the vehicle 100 can be improved.
- the target braking force calculating section calculates the braking force so as to realize the braking force to simulate the engine brake based on the vehicle speed v e, control Regenerative braking is performed via the power distribution calculation unit 207 and further the inverter control unit 203.
- Operation plan unit 209 includes a first embodiment the vehicle control device 10, an accelerator pedal operation amount, brake pedal operation amount and the vehicle speed v e, in addition to the battery state of charge acquired by the forward recognition sensor 115, vehicle to the preceding vehicle Based on the distance dx and the relative speed dv with the preceding vehicle, the operations of the driving force distribution calculation unit 202 and the braking force distribution calculation unit 207 described above are modified.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the operation planning unit 209.
- the operation planning unit 209 includes a vehicle control device 10 and an operation plan generation unit 210 that generates an operation plan based on the driving state estimation result estimated by the vehicle control device 10.
- the vehicle control device 10 may be a component of the control unit 1.
- the operation plan generation unit 210 is based on the estimation result of the drive state generated by the drive state estimation unit 13, the output characteristics of the motor 106, the characteristics of the battery 104, the characteristics of the traveling device 107, and the characteristics of the wheels 108 of the vehicle 100. -Equation 26 is used to calculate the required power of the motor 106.
- Equation 22 is an equation representing the drive torque Tq dem of the vehicle 100, and D tire is the diameter of the wheel 108.
- Equation 23 is an expression that represents the rotational speed N, shaft on the output shaft side of the driving device 107 to be connected to the wheels 108, v e is the vehicle speed, [pi denotes the circle ratio.
- Equation 24 is an equation representing the rotation speed N mot of the motor 106, and GR is a gear ratio of a transmission or a final gear (not shown) constituting the traveling device 107.
- Equation 25 is an equation showing the output torque Tq mot required for the motor 106.
- the required power P mot (or power consumption) of the motor 106 can be predicted as in the equation 26.
- the ⁇ mot is the efficiency of the motor 106.
- the operation plan generation unit 210 sends the driving force distribution calculation unit 202 and the braking force distribution calculation unit 207 to the driving force distribution calculation unit 202. Generates the command value of. Specifically, the engine start determination threshold value for the charged state of the battery 104, which determines the distribution of the electric power supplied to the motor 106 in order for the motor 106 to realize the driving force, is changed.
- the vertical axis represents the system output and the horizontal axis represents the battery charge rate.
- the system upper limit output shown at the top is also the maximum output of the motor 106 that drives the vehicle 100 to travel.
- hybrid region a region of high system output in which both the generator 103 and the battery 104 must be used as power sources.
- the maximum output of the battery 104 is the solid line shown as the upper limit output of the battery, if the output operating point is equal to or less than this solid line, the motor 106 can be driven only by the electric power from the battery 104.
- the driving of the generator 103 is assisted by the electric power from the battery 104 when the engine 102 is started, it is necessary to leave a certain amount of spare capacity in the battery 104. Due to such circumstances, when the output operating point is in the margin area indicated by the diagonal line below the solid line indicating the upper limit output of the battery, the motor 106 cannot be driven by the battery 104 alone, and the motor 106 cannot be driven further than the margin area.
- the motor 106 can be driven only by the battery 104 only when the output operating point is in the electric mode range indicated by the dot pattern below.
- the upper limit output of the battery shown by the solid line differs depending on the battery charge rate and also depends on the temperature of the battery and the state of charge, but for the sake of simplicity, FIG. 10 shows only the relationship with the battery charge rate.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a scene in which the own vehicle 302 equipped with the vehicle control device 10 of this embodiment follows the preceding vehicle 301.
- the chart of FIG. 11 shows the speed change, the acceleration change, the change of the inter-vehicle distance dx, the accelerator pedal operation amount, and the change of the accelerator pedal operation speed in order from the upper side of the paper.
- the velocity change shows the speed change of the preceding vehicle 301 (v p) by the broken line, shown velocity change of the vehicle 302 (v e) a solid line.
- the own vehicle 302 is following the faster preceding vehicle 301, and since the inter-vehicle distance has increased at time t 1 , it accelerates to the time t 2 to increase the speed, and from time t 3 for inter-vehicle distance is jammed, performing deceleration at time t 4 in accordance with the speed of the preceding vehicle 301 is following while maintaining a predetermined inter-vehicle distance. Since the inter-vehicle distance increases from time t 0 to time t 1 , it is expected that the driver of the own vehicle 302 is likely to depress the accelerator pedal at any timing to accelerate the own vehicle. ..
- FIG. 12 shows the estimation result of the drive state by the drive state estimation unit 13 shown in FIG. 9 and the start determination result of the engine 102 that can be used by the operation plan generation unit 210 to correct the operation plan. It is a visualization.
- FIG. 12 (e) In the battery output excess determination, the system output is increased based on the result of prediction by the drive state estimation unit 303, and the region where the engine start is predicted to be required to increase the motor output is displayed in white. Shown. The black area indicates that the vehicle can be driven by the output of the battery alone.
- FIG. 12F shows the timing at which the engine was started during the series of operations shown in FIG. 12.
- the engine is started in about 20 to 25 seconds to support the motor output.
- the engine 102 is subsequently operated for a certain period of time to charge the battery or the like.
- the required driving force estimation result in (d) is a prediction result showing the distribution of dark colors and neutral colors, indicating that the vehicle can be driven with the output of only the battery. Has been done.
- the vehicle control device 10 of the present embodiment by extracting the driving characteristics and making a prediction based on the driving characteristics, it is possible to distribute the driving force based on the driving characteristics even before the actual engine start timing is reached. Is shown.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate these processes in terms of system output.
- time t 1 in FIG. 11 is obtained by schematically the change of the system output in the acceleration scene as seen in the vicinity of 20 th second in FIG.
- the plots in FIG. 13 show each time ⁇ * , and the output points are transitioning from time ⁇ 0 to time ⁇ 8
- the comparative example is a white square plot and this embodiment is a black circle. Is shown by the white circle plot. From time ⁇ 0 to time ⁇ 4 , the actual results of output changes are shown, and plots exist in both the comparative example and this embodiment.
- Comparative Example since not a prediction function, as shown in this embodiment, for the time tau 4 or later, not obtained prospects output change without plotting. Therefore, since the output request exceeding the margin at time tau 4 point has occurred, increasing the power supplied to start the engine 102 to the motor.
- the margin cut is not performed in the state where the prospect of the output request exceeding the battery output is obtained, and the control is performed in the same manner as in the comparative example.
- FIG. 15 shows the distribution of such output margins and measured output points.
- 15 takes the acceleration in a direction to increase the rate on the horizontal axis, taking the subject vehicle speed v e to the vertical axis.
- the gradation in the figure is the distribution of the system output, and the lighter the color, the higher the output is required.
- the white area on the upper right is a range that exceeds the design output of the system, and is an output that cannot be actually realized.
- many plots shown by gray squares are the distribution of operating points actually measured.
- the lower left shows the boundary of the system output for starting the engine with the battery output margin set.
- the margin control of this embodiment the smaller the battery output margin (to lower output), the more this boundary line moves to the upper right, and the one on the far right of the solid line shown in the figure cuts all the margins. It shows the maximum value of the system output that can drive the vehicle in the state.
- the travel planning unit 304 determines that traveling in the electric mode can be continued by reducing the output margin described above based on the output prediction of the motor 106 estimated by the future driving force requirement, the travel planning unit 304 determines.
- a request for correction to reduce the output margin is transmitted to the driving force distribution calculation unit 202 so that the electric mode can be continued. Based on this request, the driving force distribution calculation unit 202 changes the driving force distribution so that all the required driving force is realized only by the electric power from the battery 104, and prepares not to start the engine 102.
- the driving force required of the vehicle 100 from the driver can be determined with good visibility at a certain time in the future, and unnecessary engine start is suppressed to suppress the unnecessary engine start of the vehicle 100. It has the effect of suppressing deterioration of fuel efficiency. That is, based on the driving characteristics of the driver, unnecessary starting of the engine 102 can be suppressed, fuel consumption can be reduced, and fuel consumption of the vehicle 100 can be improved.
- a series hybrid electric vehicle in which the vehicle is driven only by the driving force of the motor is given as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the EV mode in which the vehicle is driven only by electric power and the motor It may be a series parallel hybrid electric vehicle or a split hybrid electric vehicle having a HEV mode in which the vehicle is driven by both the power of the engine and the power of the engine.
- Example 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 19. It should be noted that the common points with the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- Example 3 replaces the vehicle 100 of the second embodiment with a vehicle 400 whose main power source is an engine.
- FIG. 16 shows a schematic view of the vehicle 400.
- the vehicle 400 includes an engine 402 that converts the chemical energy of the fuel stored in the fuel tank 401 into power, and a starter generator 404 that is driven by the engine 402 to generate electricity or starts the engine 402 with the power of the battery 403. ing.
- the power generated by the engine 402 is transmitted in whole or in part, or can be controlled in a non-transmitted state.
- the driver's request is detected by the accelerator pedal 411, the brake pedal 412, and the steering angle sensor 413.
- the wheel speed sensor 414 and the front recognition sensor 415 detect the state of the own vehicle, the state of the surrounding environment, and the like, and the control unit 416 processes these.
- the configuration of the control unit 416 is shown in FIG.
- the control unit 416 of this embodiment omits the configuration (driving force distribution calculation unit 202, braking force distribution calculation unit 207) peculiar to the hybrid electric vehicle from the control unit 1 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. It is a configuration in which a vehicle-specific configuration (clutch control unit 425) as a power source is added.
- a vehicle-specific configuration clutch control unit 425) as a power source is added.
- the acceleration and driving force generated in the vehicle 400 are calculated based on the accelerator pedal operation amount and the speed of the vehicle 400.
- the target driving force calculation unit 421, the target braking force calculation unit 422 that calculates the braking force of the vehicle 400 based on the accelerator pedal operation amount, the speed of the vehicle 400, and the brake pedal operation amount, and the feature unit of this embodiment.
- the operation planning unit 423 the engine control unit 424 that controls the engine 402 to accelerate the vehicle by the command of the operation planning unit 423, the clutch control unit 425 that controls the state of the clutch 405 by the command of the operation planning unit 423, and the operation. It has a brake control unit 426 that controls the brake actuator 410 according to a command from the planning unit 423.
- the operation planning unit 423 is different from the operation planning unit 209 of FIG. 9 only in the commands input / output to the functional block corresponding to the operation plan generation unit 210 shown in FIG. 9, so the illustration is omitted.
- the operation planning unit 423 commands the engine control unit 424, the clutch control unit 425, and the brake control unit 426 to command the engine 402. ,
- the operating state of the clutch 405 and the brake actuator 410 changes. This point will be described in detail.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the engine 402 of the vehicle 400, and the air sucked by the air cleaner 431 is measured by the air mass flow rate sensor 432. After that, the exhaust gas that has passed through the low pressure EGR valve 433 is mixed and compressed by the compressor 434. The compressed air-fuel mixture is cooled by the intercooler 435 and metered by the throttle valve 436.
- An intake manifold 437 is provided downstream of the throttle valve 436, and the manifold pressure is measured by the manifold pressure sensor 438.
- the air mass flow sensor 432 and the manifold pressure sensor 438 measure the amount of fresh air flowing into the combustion chamber 439. By doing so, the fuel injected by the fuel injection valve 440 and the ignition timing by the spark plug 441 are adjusted to realize a desired output.
- the amount of fresh air introduced into the combustion chamber 439 changes the opening degree of the throttle valve 436, the opening degree of the low pressure EGR valve 433, the boost pressure realized by the compressor 434, and the opening / closing period of the intake valve 442 is not shown. It is realized by changing the phase of the exhaust valve 443, changing the phase of the exhaust valve 443, or changing the lift amount of the intake valve 442 and the exhaust valve 443.
- Fuel is supplied by the fuel injection valve 440 to form a mixed gas according to the amount of oxygen contained in the fresh air introduced into the combustion chamber 439, and spark ignition is performed by the spark plug 441 to produce oxygen and fuel.
- spark ignition is performed by the spark plug 441 to produce oxygen and fuel.
- the pressure inside the combustion chamber 439 is lowered and fresh air is sucked in.
- the exhaust gas after combustion is scavenged by lifting the exhaust valve 443 to open it and pushing up the piston 444.
- the compressor 434 is driven by applying exhaust gas with scavenged pressure and heat to the turbine 446. Further, a part of the exhaust gas passes through the EGR cooler 447 and is cooled as described above, and then is calibrated by the low pressure EGR valve 433 and returned to the intake side.
- the catalytic converter 448 removes unburned fuel and harmful substances generated by incomplete combustion in the process of combustion, and the purified exhaust gas is discharged from the tail pipe through a muffling mechanism (not shown).
- the engine 402 adjusts a new amount in order to achieve the desired output, and adjusts the fuel to be supplied together by a plurality of methods as described above.
- the method using the throttle valve 436 and the intake valve 442 can cope with a rapid change in the output response because the positional relationship with the combustion chamber 439 is close.
- the engine 402 can be operated at a low output by reducing the amount of oxygen contained in the fresh air by opening the opening degree of the low pressure EGR valve 433 and increasing the amount of exhaust gas recirculated. Since the exhaust gas consumes oxygen by combustion, it is inactive with respect to the intake air taken in from the outside air, and the oxygen concentration is relatively lowered by mixing the exhaust gas and the outside air, that is, the amount of oxygen is reduced.
- the engine 402 can be operated at low output by adjusting the amount of EGR.
- the return of the exhaust gas is a control method in which the responsiveness is inferior because there is a time lag before the exhaust gas that has made a large turn around the path reaches the combustion chamber 439.
- the output can be controlled by changing the number of combustion cylinders.
- the apparent displacement decreases, and the amount of intake air per cylinder required to achieve the same output increases.
- the output of the engine 402 can be reduced even when the pressure inside the intake manifold 437 is high while the throttle valve 436 is left open.
- the control method is still inferior in responsiveness.
- dumping the inhaled fresh air into the exhaust without burning it may lead to burning of the catalytic converter 448.
- the lift amount of the intake valve 442 of the cylinder that is not burned is set to 0. Be done.
- the engine 402 when the engine 402 is operated at a high output, it is necessary to increase the amount of fresh air, and the engine 402 takes measures to increase the boost pressure.
- fresh air By increasing the boost pressure, fresh air can be compressed and the amount of oxygen that can be introduced into the combustion chamber 439 of the engine 402 can be increased.
- the boost pressure that can be boosted by the compressor 434 is low until the work recovered by the turbine 446 increases, and a response delay occurs in the form of a so-called turbo lag.
- the EGR valve opening is corrected in the valve closing direction and the EGR is reduced when the prospect that a high output is required is obtained.
- the drive preparation can prevent the occurrence of a response delay in which the output of the engine 402 cannot be increased even though the engine 402 is required to have a high output until the EGR is scavenged.
- the driving state estimation unit 13 predicts the future speed change of the own vehicle in addition to the driving force state of the own vehicle. From these predictions, the future rotational speed of the engine 402 and the driving force of the engine 402, that is, the load state are estimated. For example, when the engine speed and the engine load are set as shown in FIG. 19, the driving state of the engine 402 is changed from time k 0 to k 5 on the map where the target EGR valve opening is set. Since the movement can be predicted by the drive state estimation unit, it is possible to perform drive preparations such as changing the EGR valve opening in advance by obtaining a prospect of the future target EGR valve opening.
- the prediction of the engine rotation speed can be calculated based on the speed of the vehicle 400, the specifications of the wheels 408, the gear ratio from the traveling device 407 to the clutch 405, and the like.
- the torque required for the motor 106 was calculated in the process of obtaining the electric power of the motor 106
- the torque required for the engine 402 can be calculated based on the speed of the vehicle 400, the acceleration required by the driver, and the like.
- FIG. 18 of this embodiment is drawn with the intention of an Otto cycle gasoline engine, the type of engine is not limited to this, and a diesel engine may be used, and the number of cylinders is limited. It's not a thing. Further, the engine is not limited to the reciprocating engine that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into power by the crank mechanism, and may be a Wankel type rotary engine.
- Example 4 of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that the common points with the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- the response delay of the engine 402 can be eliminated when the output of the engine 402 is increased by the supercharger shown in FIG.
- it is further equipped with a driving plan generation unit that generates a vehicle driving plan based on the prediction result of the driving state of the vehicle estimated by the driving state estimation unit, and the own vehicle mainly has an engine equipped with a supercharger.
- the vehicle is a driving power source and the driving state estimated by the driving state estimation unit is a driving state that transitions to accelerate the vehicle, preparation for driving with a correction for increasing the supercharging pressure is performed.
- the wastegate valve By using the vehicle control device that features the wastegate valve, even if it is necessary to increase the boost pressure and further increase the output of the engine, when it is expected that high output will be required, the wastegate valve will be installed. It is possible to prepare for driving to increase the boost pressure by closing it.
- the compressor 434 increases the supercharging pressure of the engine 402 when the prospect of the output required for the engine 402 is obtained. Therefore, when the engine 402 is not operated at a high output, the supercharging pressure of the engine 402 is increased.
- the work of the compressor 434 and, by extension, the work of the turbine 446 are reduced.
- the increase in the exhaust loss of the engine 402 can be suppressed, the decrease in the thermal efficiency of the engine 402 is suppressed, and the deterioration of the fuel efficiency of the vehicle 400 is suppressed, while the response delay of the increase in the output of the engine 402, the so-called turbo lag, is caused. It can be suppressed.
- the target supercharging pressure is increased. Is preferable.
- Example 5 of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that the common points with the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- Example 5 of the present invention relates to the operation of the clutch control unit 425 shown in FIG.
- the clutch control unit 425 sets the clutch 405 in the engaged state. Control to release.
- the vehicle 400 is driven by inertial traveling, so that the workload of the engine 402 for maintaining the speed of the vehicle 400 can be reduced. ..
- the driving state estimation unit 13 predicts the states of the own vehicle 302 and the preceding vehicle 301, the own vehicle 302 continues to follow the preceding vehicle 301 and eventually the preceding vehicle. It can be predicted that the own vehicle 302 will catch up with the 301 and the driver will decelerate the own vehicle 302 in order to avoid a collision.
- the vehicle 400 can prepare for driving so as to release the driving force transmission of the clutch 405.
- the preceding vehicle 301 accelerates, the distance between the vehicle and the own vehicle 302 increases, the driver desires acceleration, and the drive state transitions so that the drive state estimation unit accelerates the vehicle 400. Therefore, the driving force of the vehicle 400 can be recovered by reengaging the clutch 405.
- Example 6 of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that the common points with the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- Example 6 of the present invention is an improvement of Example 5, and if the own vehicle 302 (vehicle 400) is approaching the preceding vehicle 301 as shown in FIG. 11, FIG. Not only is the power transmission of the clutch 405 shown in FIG. 17 released, but the engine 402 is also stopped. As a result, as compared with the fifth embodiment in which the clutch 405 is simply opened, the fuel consumption can be expected to be further reduced by stopping the engine 402.
- Example 7 of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that the common points with the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- the seventh embodiment of the present invention is an improvement of the sixth embodiment, in which the drive state estimation unit 13 estimates the drive state for accelerating the vehicle 400 while the engine 402 is following the preceding vehicle 301 in the stopped state. The engine 402 was restarted as a trigger.
- the driver may not be operating the accelerator pedal or brake pedal while the own vehicle 302 is approaching the preceding vehicle 301. Therefore, when the engine 402 is restarted when these are operated, the rotation speed of the engine 402 matches the rotation speed of the wheels 408 of the vehicle 400, or the traveling device 407, the transmission 406, and the clutch 405, or Until the difference in rotation speed becomes small, the power transmission by the clutch 405 cannot be restarted, that is, the response is delayed.
- the engine 402 is restarted when the drive state estimation unit 13 estimates the drive state for accelerating the vehicle 400 while the engine 402 is stopped according to the sixth embodiment.
- the engine 402 can be restarted even when the driver's request cannot be obtained from the accelerator pedal, the brake pedal, or the like, that is, the response delay of the engine 402 is reduced, and the power is transmitted by the clutch 405. Can be restarted.
- This brake booster is generally operated by the pressure difference between the intake manifold 437 and the outside air generated when the engine 402 is operated at a low load, and the engine 402 is at least operated in order to generate this pressure difference. Need to be done.
- the engine 402 is restarted even when the drive state is changed so as to further decelerate the vehicle 400 by the drive state estimation unit 13.
- Example 8 of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that the common points with the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- Example 8 of the present invention relates to the operation of the brake control unit 426 shown in FIG.
- the brake control unit 426 corrects the braking force realized by the brake actuator 410 in a decreasing direction while clutching.
- the control unit 425 maintains the clutch 405 in the engaged state and controls the starter generator 404 in a direction of increasing the power generation target voltage.
- the starter generator 404 travels on the driving force generated by the engine 402 and the kinetic energy associated with the traveling of the vehicle 400 depending on whether it is provided between the engine 402 and the clutch 405 or is driven by a belt driven by the engine 402 and the winding transmission mechanism.
- the engine 402 is driven by the rotational force when it is carried through the device 407, the transmission 406, and the clutch 405.
- the braking force acts by the power generation drive, but the fuel consumption of the vehicle 400 can be improved by recovering the kinetic energy of the vehicle 400 as electric power by using the starter generator.
- the operation planning unit 423 distributes the target braking force calculated by the target braking force calculation unit 422 to the braking force generated by the starter generator 404 and the braking force realized by controlling the brake actuator 410. Output the command.
- the clutch 405 In order to drive the starter generator 404 for power generation, the clutch 405 is engaged through the clutch control unit 425, and in order to increase the target power generation voltage of the starter generator 404, a field (not shown) of the starter generator 404 is shown in this embodiment. Take measures such as increasing the winding current as drive preparation.
- the kinetic energy of the vehicle 400 can be regenerated as electric power, and the opportunity for the vehicle 400 to drive the engine 402 to generate power with fuel consumption by the starter generator 404 is reduced. It is possible to reduce the amount of fuel used and thus suppress the deterioration of the fuel consumption of the vehicle 400.
- the starter generator 404 which can start the engine 402 and can generate electric power by being rotationally driven by the inertial force of the engine 402 or the vehicle 400, is taken as an example, but the engine 402 is started. Even in a vehicle having a configuration in which a starter motor for performing power generation and an alternator for power generation are separately provided, the same effect can be obtained by generating power from the alternator by regenerating the kinetic energy of the vehicle 400. Therefore, the starter generator 404 is not limited to this, and may be configured to include an alternator and a starter motor.
- Example 9 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. It should be noted that the common points with the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- the driving characteristic calculation unit 12 of the above-described embodiment calculates the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ based on the driving characteristics of the driver, but in the ninth embodiment of the present invention, the automatic driving system is used for the calculation by the driving characteristic calculation unit 502. It reflects the characteristics of the constant-speed inter-vehicle distance tracking control system, which is a type of the above.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram of the operation planning unit 500 in this embodiment.
- the preceding vehicle state prediction unit 501 is equivalent to the preceding vehicle state prediction unit 11 of FIG. 1, and the drive state estimation unit 503 is also equivalent to the drive state estimation unit 13 of FIG.
- the driving characteristic calculation unit 502 of this embodiment reflects the characteristics of constant speed inter-vehicle distance tracking control (so-called adaptive cruise control and ACC technology).
- constant speed inter-vehicle distance tracking control there is no danger of collision because the preceding vehicle is not in front, with the upper limit speed set by the driver or the speed limit of the road acquired by the front recognition sensor 115 as the upper limit. If so, accelerate the vehicle to maintain that speed.
- the vehicle travels so as to maintain a predetermined inter-vehicle distance in order to avoid a collision.
- Such an inter-vehicle distance is adjusted so that the inter-vehicle time obtained by dividing the inter-vehicle distance between the preceding vehicle and the own vehicle by the speed of the own vehicle is constant in the range of about 0.5 seconds to 5 seconds.
- the driver can drive the vehicle from three levels of short, medium, and long, or higher, to maintain the inter-vehicle distance with respect to the preceding vehicle. Select a distance that is close to the feeling of doing or has less psychological burden.
- the target acceleration of the own vehicle is determined by the inter-vehicle distance and the relative speed dv (or relative acceleration) as in the equation. Therefore, the driving characteristic calculation unit 502 is the target selected by the driver. It is characterized in that a pre-designed driving characteristic parameter ⁇ is selected according to the setting state of the inter-vehicle distance.
- the acceleration ⁇ contorl ( ⁇ n ) is determined based on the relative relationship between the own vehicle and the preceding vehicle and the own vehicle state as shown in Equation 27, so that the driving characteristic calculation result is fixed.
- the driving state estimation unit 503 can estimate the future required driving force, and the driving plan generation unit 504 can modify the driving plan as appropriate.
- the driving plan In the case of a series hybrid electric vehicle such as the vehicle 100, the driving force or the distribution of the braking force is changed, and even if the vehicle is a vehicle such as the vehicle 400 whose main driving force source is the engine, the driving plan When the unit 500 outputs a command, the fuel efficiency of the vehicle can be improved.
- the driving characteristic calculation unit 502 when the vehicle is provided with constant speed inter-vehicle distance tracking control or a function equivalent thereto, the driving characteristic calculation unit 502 outputs a driving characteristic parameter to the driving state estimation unit according to the target inter-vehicle distance setting state. change.
- the driving planning unit 500 can suppress the deterioration of the fuel efficiency of the vehicle as in the case where the vehicle is driven by the driver. it can.
- the invention of the above-described embodiment can be realized by switching the driving characteristic parameter regardless of whether the vehicle is driven by the driver or the execution state of the driving support function. It is a thing.
- Example 10 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. It should be noted that the common points with the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- Example 10 of the present invention relates to a method of acquiring the operation characteristic parameter ⁇ obtained in Example 1 in a short time.
- the driving characteristic calculation unit 12 of the first embodiment collects various information necessary for calculating the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ , before determining the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ according to the current driver. It took several minutes, and there was a problem that fuel efficiency was not improved during that time.
- the vehicle control device 600 of the tenth embodiment shown in FIG. 21 is further provided with a driver information identification unit 601 and a driving characteristic parameter storage unit 602. Further, the driver information identification unit 601 is supposed to transmit / receive information to / from a reading device 603 provided outside the vehicle control device 600 in the vehicle.
- the reading device 603 is a device that acquires information that identifies the driver, and is installed, for example, around the driver's seat of the vehicle or in the vehicle interior where a speedometer, an infotainment device, or the like is provided.
- the driver can hold a card or license equipped with an IC chip or the like, a microchip embedded in a smartphone or the driver's body over the reading device 603, or a fingerprint, vein, retina, face, voice print, etc.
- the driver information identification unit 601 can identify who the current driver is.
- the reading device 603 may be a non-contact type detector, a device such as a touch panel, a camera, or a microphone, and inputs a password or a password through the infotainment device described above. It may be replaced by the method of
- the driving characteristic parameter storage unit 602 stores the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ calculated by the driving characteristic calculation unit 12 and the driver identification information generated by the driver information identification unit 601 in association with each other to identify the driver. Based on the result, the corresponding driving characteristic parameter is expanded to the driving characteristic calculation unit 12, and this is immediately reflected as the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ .
- the driving characteristic parameters can be reflected in the vehicle in a short time.
- Example 11 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. It should be noted that the common points with the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the eleventh embodiment of the present invention, in which the driver information identification unit 601 and the driving characteristic parameter storage unit 602 in the tenth embodiment are provided in a place other than the vehicle 610 (for example, on the cloud). An example is shown.
- the vehicle 610 is provided with a control unit 611 equipped with the vehicle control device of this embodiment, and a reading device 603 for acquiring driver identification information and a communication module 612 are connected to the vehicle 610.
- the communication module 612 can send and receive information to and from the data center 615 via the mobile phone network 613 and the Internet 614.
- the driver identification information read by the reading device 603 is transmitted to the data center 615 via the control unit 611 and the communication module 612, and in the data center 615, the operating characteristics stored in the storage 616 managed in the data center 615. Read the parameters.
- the driver information identification unit 601 and the operation characteristic parameter storage unit 602 are replaced by the functions of the data center 615 and the storage 616.
- the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ generated when driving another vehicle can be reflected in the vehicle 610.
- the driving characteristic parameter ⁇ created or updated during the current operation updates the contents of the storage 616 of the data center 615 via the communication module 612 when the operation of the vehicle 610 is completed. This update may be carried out at predetermined time intervals.
- the driving characteristic parameters can be corrected in a short time, while the communication cost can be reduced by performing the driving when the vehicle has been driven. Further, it may be carried out not every hour or every end of operation, but every time it is expected that the driving characteristic parameters can be acquired in various scenes, such as when passing through a point where there is no driving record.
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Abstract
Description
先行車状態予測部11は、先行車と自車の車間距離dx、先行車と自車の相対速度dv、および、自車速度veに基づいて、将来の先行車状態を予測する。ここでいう将来の先行車状態とは、5秒後や20秒後といった将来時刻において、先行車と自車の位置関係(車間距離dx)や相対速度dvがどのように変化するのかを予測した情報である。これは、例えば、次の式1を用いて求めることができる。
すなわち、まず、式3を用いて先行車速度vp(τ0)を演算する(図2中の黒丸参照)。次に、その先行車速度vp(τ0)を初期値として、式2を用いて、所定時間後(例えば、5秒後)までの先行車状態を、仮想的な時間ステップdτ(例えば、0.1秒や1秒)毎に演算する(図2中の点線で連結された白丸参照)。これにより処理周期dtjob毎に先行車状態の検出結果に基づいた先行車状態の予測を行うことができる。
運転特性演算部12は、車間距離dx、相対速度dv、自車速度ve、アクセルペダル操作量、および、ブレーキペダル操作量に基づいて、要求駆動力を推定するための運転特性パラメータθを算出する。運転特性演算部12で実施する処理について図3のフローチャートにより説明する。
駆動状態推定部13では、先行車状態予測部11で予測した将来の先行車状態(位置、速度)と、運転特性演算部12で抽出した自車の運転特性パラメータθと、式7や式8に示した駆動状態推定モデルに基づいて、自車の将来における運転者の要求加速度を計算し、駆動状態を予測する。以下、その計算内容について説明する。
レーダ装置には、電波を発振する発振器と、電波を受信する受信部を備えており、発振器で発振させた電波を外部空間に向けて送信する。発振された電波の一部は物体に到達して反射波として受信部で検出される。送信する電波の振幅や周波数。あるいは位相に適当な変調を加えることで、これと受信部で検出した信号との相関によって検出される送受信の時間差を求めて、これを距離に変換する。
また、レーザスキャナを用いる場合には電波をレーザ光に読み替えることでやはり同様に検出が可能となる。
以下、本実施例により、エンジン102の始動回数を抑制し、燃費を向上させることができる理由を順次説明する。
図11の時刻t3からt4の期間のように、車両400(自車302)が減速する場合、ブレーキ制御部426は、ブレーキアクチュエータ410で実現する制動力を減少方向へ修正しながら、クラッチ制御部425はクラッチ405を締結状態で維持し、スタータジェネレータ404の発電目標電圧を増加させる方向に制御する。
100、400、610 車両、
10、600 車両制御装置、
11、501 先行車状態予測部、
12、502 運転特性演算部、
13、503 駆動状態推定部、
101、401 燃料タンク、
102、402 エンジン、
103 発電機、
104、403 バッテリ、
105 インバータ、
106 モータ、
107、407 走行装置、
108、408 車輪、
109、409 舵取り装置、
110、410 ブレーキアクチュエータ、
111、411、 アクセルペダル、
112、412 ブレーキペダル、
113、413 舵角センサ、
114、414 車速センサ、
115、415 前方認識センサ、
201、421 目標駆動力演算部、
202 駆動力分配演算部、
203 インバータ制御部、
204、424 エンジン制御部、
205、422 目標制動力演算部、
206 ブレーキ制御部、
207 制動力分配演算部、
209、423 運転計画部
210、504 運転計画生成部、
301 先行車、
302 自車、
404 スタータジェネレータ、
405 クラッチ、
406 変速機、
425 クラッチ制御部、
426 ブレーキ制御部、
431 エアクリーナ、
432 空気質量流量センサ(エアフローメータ)、
433 低圧EGR弁、
434 コンプレッサ、
435 インタークーラ、
436、スロットル弁、
437 インテークマニホールド、
438 マニホールド圧力センサ、
439 燃焼室、
440 燃料噴射弁、
441 点火プラグ、
442 吸気バルブ、
443 排気バルブ、
445 クランク機構、
446 タービン、
447 EGRクーラ、
448 触媒コンバータ、
601 運転者情報識別部、
602 運転特性パラメータ格納部、
603 読み取り装置、
612 通信モジュール、
613 携帯電話網、
614 インターネット、
615 データセンタ、
616 ストレージ
Claims (11)
- 先行車と自車の車間距離に基づいて、自車の運転特性パラメータを演算する運転特性演算部と、
前記車間距離に基づいて、所定時間後の前記先行車の状態を予測する先行車状態予測部と、
前記先行車状態予測部が予測した所定時間後の前記先行車の状態と、前記運転特性演算部が演算した前記自車の運転特性パラメータと、に基づいて、所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態を推定する駆動状態推定部と、
を備えることを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置において、
前記自車はモータとバッテリとエンジンを備えるハイブリッド電気自動車であり、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態に基づいて、前記自車の運転計画を生成する運転計画生成部をさらに備え、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態が、前記バッテリのみによって前記モータを駆動できる駆動状態である場合に、前記バッテリの出力マージンを減ずるとともに、前記エンジンの始動を禁止することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置において、
前記自車はEGRを備えたエンジンを動力源とする車両であり、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態に基づいて、前記自車の運転計画を生成する運転計画生成部をさらに備え、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態が、前記自車を加速させる駆動状態である場合に、前記EGRのEGR量を減ずることを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置において、
前記自車は過給機を備えたエンジンを動力源とする車両であり、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態に基づいて、前記自車の運転計画を生成する運転計画生成部をさらに備え、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態が、前記自車を加速させる駆動状態である場合に、前記過給機の過給圧を増加することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置において、
前記自車はエンジンを動力源とするとともに、該エンジンの動力伝達を走行中であっても切断できるクラッチを備える車両であり、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態に基づいて、前記自車の運転計画を生成する運転計画生成部をさらに備え、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態が、前記自車を減速させる駆動状態である場合に、前記クラッチを介した前記エンジンの動力伝達を切断し、前記自車を慣性走行させることを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項5に記載の車両制御装置において、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態が、前記自車をさらに減速させる駆動状態である場合に、前記エンジンを停止することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項6に記載の車両制御装置において、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態が、前記自車を加速させる駆動状態である場合に、前記エンジンを再始動することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置において、
前記自車はエンジンを動力源とするとともに、該エンジンの動力で駆動される発電機を備える車両であり、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記車両の駆動状態に基づいて、前記自車の運転計画を生成する運転計画生成部をさらに備え、
前記駆動状態推定部が推定した所定時間後の前記自車の駆動状態が、前記自車を減速させる駆動状態である場合に、前記発電機の出力を増加させることを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置において、
前記運転特性演算部は、前記自車が運転者によって運転される場合と、前記自車が自動運転システムによって運転される場合で、前記運転特性パラメータを変更することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置において、
運転者を識別して運転者識別情報を出力する運転者情報識別部と、
前記運転特性パラメータを前記運転者識別情報と紐づけて記録する運転特性パラメータ格納部と、をさらに備え、
前記運転者識別情報に基づいて、前記運転特性パラメータ格納部に記録した運転特性パラメータを前記運転特性演算部へ出力することを特徴とする車両制御装置。 - 請求項10に記載の車両制御装置において、
前記運転者情報識別部と前記運転特性パラメータ格納部が、前記自車の外部に設けられており、
通信モジュールを介して、前記運転者情報識別部と前記運転特性パラメータ格納部と通信することを特徴とする車両制御装置。
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| US17/778,071 US20230339487A1 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2020-09-08 | Vehicle Control Device |
| EP20873000.2A EP4043708B1 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2020-09-08 | Vehicle control device |
| JP2021550513A JP7301994B2 (ja) | 2019-10-04 | 2020-09-08 | 車両制御装置 |
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| US (1) | US20230339487A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4043708B1 (ja) |
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| JP7495178B2 (ja) * | 2020-04-14 | 2024-06-04 | 株式会社Subaru | 車両の走行支援装置 |
| KR20230056080A (ko) * | 2021-10-19 | 2023-04-27 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 차로변경 제어 장치 및 방법 |
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- 2020-09-08 WO PCT/JP2020/033883 patent/WO2021065372A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2020-09-08 EP EP20873000.2A patent/EP4043708B1/en active Active
- 2020-09-08 US US17/778,071 patent/US20230339487A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-09-08 JP JP2021550513A patent/JP7301994B2/ja active Active
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| JPWO2021065372A1 (ja) | 2021-04-08 |
| US20230339487A1 (en) | 2023-10-26 |
| EP4043708B1 (en) | 2025-06-18 |
| EP4043708A4 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
| JP7301994B2 (ja) | 2023-07-03 |
| EP4043708A1 (en) | 2022-08-17 |
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