WO2021060365A1 - 半導体基板の製造方法及び半導体基板の製造装置 - Google Patents
半導体基板の製造方法及び半導体基板の製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021060365A1 WO2021060365A1 PCT/JP2020/036000 JP2020036000W WO2021060365A1 WO 2021060365 A1 WO2021060365 A1 WO 2021060365A1 JP 2020036000 W JP2020036000 W JP 2020036000W WO 2021060365 A1 WO2021060365 A1 WO 2021060365A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B23/06—Heating of the deposition chamber, the substrate or the materials to be evaporated
- C30B23/063—Heating of the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B23/06—Heating of the deposition chamber, the substrate or the materials to be evaporated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B23/06—Heating of the deposition chamber, the substrate or the materials to be evaporated
- C30B23/066—Heating of the material to be evaporated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/36—Carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
- C30B33/06—Joining of crystals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor substrate manufacturing method and a semiconductor substrate manufacturing apparatus.
- SiC silicon carbide
- GaN gallium nitride
- Ga 2 O 3 gallium oxide
- SiC has an insulation breakdown electric field that is an order of magnitude larger than Si, a band gap that is three times larger, and a thermal conductivity that is about three times higher. Therefore, SiC is expected to be applied to power devices, high-frequency devices, high-temperature operation devices, and the like.
- the SiC substrate used for manufacturing a SiC semiconductor device is manufactured by slicing a single crystal SiC ingot.
- a sublimation recrystallization method improved Rayleigh method
- the growth of the ingot proceeds by recrystallizing the sublimation gas of the SiC raw material on the surface of the single crystal substrate (seed crystal). Therefore, the surface after recrystallization (growth) becomes a new growth surface, and by repeating this, the length of the ingot is realized.
- the distance between the growth surface and the SiC raw material and the relative position between the growth surface and the heater change.
- the growth conditions near the growth surface differ between the early stage and the late stage of ingot growth.
- high-quality single crystal SiC can be obtained at a site of the ingot under desired growth conditions, but at another site of the ingot, the growth conditions deviate from the favorable conditions, causing dislocations and other polymorphisms.
- high-quality single crystal SiC cannot be obtained due to contamination, generation of subgrain boundaries, and the like.
- the present invention is a problem to be solved to provide a new technology capable of growing a high-quality semiconductor substrate.
- the present invention comprises an installation step of alternately installing a raw material and a raw material, and a heating step of heating the raw material and the raw material to form a growth layer on the raw material. It is a manufacturing method of a semiconductor substrate including. With such a configuration, the present invention can simultaneously realize desired growth conditions on each of a plurality of original substrates, and thus provides a new technique capable of growing a high-quality semiconductor substrate. Can be done.
- the original substrate and the raw material are installed in a semi-closed space.
- the present invention can realize the transportation of raw materials between the raw material and the raw material under a desired vapor pressure environment.
- the heating step heats so that a temperature difference is formed between the original substrate and the raw material.
- the present invention can realize raw material transportation between the original substrate and the raw material body by using the temperature gradient between the original substrate and the raw material body as a driving force.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a separation step of separating a part of the original substrate having the growth layer.
- the present invention can separate a high-quality semiconductor substrate from a substrate including a growth layer.
- the separation step includes an introduction step of introducing a damage layer into the original substrate having the growth layer and a peeling step of peeling a part of the original substrate having the growth layer. ..
- the present invention can introduce a damage layer to a desired depth from the surface of the original substrate and separate a high-quality semiconductor substrate from the original substrate having a growth layer.
- the installation step is installed so that the original substrate and the raw material are in close contact with each other.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can increase the number of raw substrates forming a growth layer, and can provide a novel technique capable of growing a high-quality semiconductor substrate, which is excellent in economy.
- a raw material transport preventive body that prevents raw material transport between the raw material substrate and the raw material body is installed between the unit processed bodies including the raw material substrate and the raw material body.
- the original substrate and the raw material contain a SiC material.
- the present invention can provide a novel technique capable of growing a high-quality SiC semiconductor substrate.
- the present invention presents a main body container in which the original substrate and the raw material can be alternately installed, and heating in which the original substrate and the raw material can be heated and a growth layer can be formed on the original substrate. It is a substrate manufacturing apparatus having a furnace. With such a configuration, the present invention can simultaneously realize desired growth conditions on each of a plurality of original substrates, and thus provides a new technique capable of growing a high-quality semiconductor substrate. Can be done.
- the main body container has a semi-closed space inside.
- the present invention can realize the transportation of raw materials between the raw material and the raw material under a desired vapor pressure environment.
- the original substrate, the raw material body, the raw material transport preventive body, the original substrate and the raw material body are stacked in this order, and the raw material substrate, the raw material body, the raw material transport preventive body, and the raw material are stacked.
- a substrate and a raw material can be installed. With such a configuration, the present invention can realize crystal growth in which a growth layer is formed only on the main surface or the back surface of the original substrate.
- the heating furnace can form a temperature gradient between the original substrate and the raw material.
- the present invention can realize raw material transportation between the original substrate and the raw material body by using the temperature gradient between the original substrate and the raw material body as a driving force.
- the present invention can separate a high-quality semiconductor substrate from a substrate including a growth layer.
- the separation means has an introduction means capable of irradiating the original substrate having the growth layer with laser light to introduce a damage layer into the original substrate having the growth layer, and the growth layer. It has a peeling means capable of peeling a part of the original substrate.
- the present invention can manufacture a high-quality semiconductor substrate by introducing a damage layer to a desired depth from the surface of the original substrate.
- the original substrate and the raw material contain a SiC material.
- the present invention can provide a novel technique capable of growing a high-quality SiC semiconductor substrate.
- the present invention includes an installation step S1 in which the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 are alternately installed, a heating step S2 in which the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 are heated to form a growth layer 111 on the original substrate 11, and a heating step S2. It can be grasped as a manufacturing method including a separation step S3 for separating a part of the original substrate 11 heated by the above.
- ⁇ Installation process S1> In the installation step S1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 are alternately installed. At this time, the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 are installed so as to be substantially parallel to each other. At this time, there is no limit to the respective quantities of the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 to be installed in the installation step S1.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material body 12 are installed in the semi-closed space.
- the "quasi-closed space” in the description of the present specification refers to a space in which vacuuming is possible inside the space, but at least a part of the vapor generated inside the space can be confined.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material body 12 are installed so as to be in close contact with each other.
- adhesive in the description of the present specification means that different members or the like come close to each other while maintaining a predetermined separation distance.
- the "unit processing body 1X" in the description in the present specification is composed of each of the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 as an example, and as an example, a plurality of original substrates 11 and raw materials. It can also be understood that it consists of each of the bodies 12.
- the installation step S1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, it can be understood that one or more unit processing bodies 1X are installed.
- the original substrate 11 examples include a SiC wafer sliced into a disk shape from an ingot produced by a sublimation method or the like, and a SiC substrate obtained by processing a SiC single crystal into a thin plate shape. Any polymorph can be used as the polymorph of the SiC single crystal.
- the raw material 12 preferably has the same material as the original substrate 11 and contains at least the atomic species constituting the original substrate 11.
- a SiC wafer or the like sliced into a disk shape from an ingot produced by a sublimation method or the like can be adopted as in the original substrate 11, and may be a single crystal substrate or a polycrystalline substrate. .. Further, the raw material 12 may be a processed product such as a sintered body containing SiC polycrystals.
- the surface of the SiC single crystal substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention is a surface provided with an off angle of several degrees (for example, 0.4 to 8.0 °) from the (0001) plane or the (000-1) plane. It can be exemplified (in this specification, in the notation of the Miller index, “-” means the bar attached to the index immediately after that).
- a step-terrace structure can be confirmed on the flattened surface of the SiC single crystal substrate.
- the step-terrace structure is a staircase structure in which steps, which are stepped portions of one or more molecular layers, and terraces, which are flat portions with exposed ⁇ 0001 ⁇ surfaces, are alternately arranged.
- a single molecular layer (0.25 nm) is the minimum height (minimum unit) of the steps on the surface of the flattened SiC single crystal substrate, and various step heights are formed by overlapping a plurality of the single molecular layers. are doing.
- MSB macro step bunching
- the MSB is a step of bunching beyond 4 molecular layers (5 molecular layers or more) in the case of 4H-SiC, and exceeds 6 molecular layers (7 molecular layers or more) in the case of 6H-SiC. It is a bunched step. It is desirable that the MSB is not formed on the surface of the substrate because it is one of the factors such as the generation of defects on the surface when the growth layer is formed and the inhibition of the reliability of the oxide film in the SiC semiconductor device.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 can be exemplified from a chip size of several centimeters square to a wafer size of 6 inches or more, and the size is not limited.
- the original substrate 11 has a main surface 113 (not shown) and a back surface 114. Further, the raw material body 12 has a main surface 123 and a back surface 124 (not shown).
- the term “front surface” refers to both the main surface and the back surface.
- “one side” in the description in the present specification refers to either one of the main surface and the back surface, and the other one surface refers to the surface of the same substrate facing one side.
- the growth layer 111 refers to a growth layer formed on the original substrate 11 by transporting raw materials.
- the growth layer 121 refers to the growth layer formed on the raw material body 12 by the transportation of the raw material.
- the surface of the growth layer formed on the original substrate 11 preferably has an infinitely reduced basal plane dislocation (BPD) density. Further, in the formation of the growth layer 111 and the like, the BPD is preferably converted into other defects / dislocations including a through-blade dislocation (TED).
- BPD basal plane dislocation
- Heating step S2 In the heating step S2, the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 are heated so that a temperature difference is formed between the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12, the original substrate 11 is crystal-grown, and the growth layer 111 is formed on the surface of the original substrate 11. Form.
- the original substrate 11 is installed on the low temperature side to form the growth layer 111 on the original substrate 11 (back surface 114) and to etch the raw material 12 (main surface 123). And are done at the same time.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 are heated in the semi-closed space.
- the raw material is continuously transported based on the following reactions 1) to 5), and the growth layer 121 is formed on the raw material 12 as an example. , Can be grasped. This is the same even when the growth layer 111 is formed on the original substrate 11.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention are in close contact with each other, it should be understood that even in that case, the minute gap between the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 becomes the raw material transport space. Can be done.
- Si atoms (Si (v)) are desorbed from the back surface 114 by thermally decomposing the back surface 114 of the original substrate 11.
- C atom (C (s)) remaining on the back surface 114 due to the desorption of the Si atom (Si (v)) is the Si vapor (Si (v)) in the raw material transport space. Reacts with Si 2 C or SiC 2 or the like and sublimates into the raw material transport space.
- Sublimated Si 2 C or SiC 2 or the like reaches and diffuses on the terrace of the main surface 123 of the raw material 12 due to the temperature gradient, and reaches the step to form the polymorph of the main surface 123.
- the growth layer 121 is grown and formed by taking over (step flow growth).
- the heating step S2 is a Si atom sublimation step S21 in which Si atoms are thermally sublimated from the surface of the original substrate 11 or the raw material body 12, and C atoms remaining on the surface of the original substrate 11 or the raw material body 12 are combined with Si atoms in the raw material transport space. Includes a C-atom sublimation step S22, which is sublimated by causing. Further, the heating step S2 includes an etching step S23 in which the surface of the original substrate 11 or the raw material 12 is etched based on the Si atom sublimation step S21 and the C atom sublimation step S22.
- the heating step S2 includes, for example, a growth step S24 in which the surface of the raw material 12 is etched while the growth layer 111 is formed on the surface of the original substrate 11 based on the step flow growth described above. Each step included in the heating step S2 is sequentially performed.
- the growth step S24 is a step based on PVT (physical vapor phase transport) because the transported Si 2 C or SiC 2 or the like becomes supersaturated and condenses to form the growth layer 111. it can.
- the heating step S2 includes a bunching decomposition step of decomposing the MSB on the surface of the SiC single crystal substrate.
- the driving force for transporting the raw material in the heating step S2 is the steam pressure difference between the raw material 12 and the raw material 12 due to the formed temperature gradient. Therefore, not only the temperature difference between the surfaces of the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12, but also the vapor pressure difference and the chemical potential difference due to the crystal structure between the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 can be the driving force for the transportation of the raw material. Can be grasped.
- the growth layer is formed only on the main surface or the back surface of the original substrate 11. It can be grasped that 111 is formed.
- the SiC material as a part of the apparatus for forming the semi-closed space in the heating step S2 can be the raw material 12 as appropriate.
- the doping concentration of the growth layer 111 can be adjusted by supplying the dopant gas into the semi-closed space by the dopant gas supply means. It can be understood that when the dopant gas is not supplied into the semi-closed space by the dopant gas supply means, the growth layer 111 inherits the doping concentration in the semi-closed space.
- the raw material transport in the heating step S2 is preferably carried out in an environment having a gas phase species containing a Si element and a gas phase species containing a C element, and more preferably carried out in a SiC-Si equilibrium vapor pressure environment. More preferably, it is carried out in a SiC-C equilibrium vapor pressure environment.
- SiC-Si vapor pressure environment in the description in the present specification refers to the vapor pressure environment when SiC (solid) and Si (liquid phase) are in a phase equilibrium state via a gas phase. Point to. Further, the "SiC-C equilibrium vapor pressure environment” in the description in the present specification refers to the vapor pressure when SiC (solid phase) and C (solid phase) are in a phase equilibrium state via a gas phase. Refers to the environment of.
- the SiC-Si equilibrium vapor pressure environment is formed by heating a semi-closed space having an atomic number ratio of Si / C of more than 1.
- the SiC-C equilibrium vapor pressure environment is formed by heating a semi-closed space having an atomic number ratio of Si / C of 1 or less.
- the heating temperature in the heating step S2 is preferably set in the range of 1400 to 2300 ° C, more preferably in the range of 1600 to 2000 ° C.
- the heating time in the heating step S2 can be set to an arbitrary time so as to obtain a desired etching amount. For example, when the etching rate is 1.0 ⁇ m / min and the etching amount is 1.0 ⁇ m, the heating time is 1 min (1 minute).
- the temperature gradient in the heating step S2 is set in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 ° C./mm as an example and is uniform in the raw material transport space.
- the etching amount and growth amount in the heating step S2 are, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, but are appropriately changed as necessary. Further, it can be understood that the etching amount and the growth amount are the same.
- the etching rate and the growth rate of the growth layer 111 in the heating step S2 can be controlled by the above temperature range, and can be set in the range of 0.001 to 2.0 ⁇ m / min as an example.
- the surface layer on the SiC single crystal substrate etched in the heating step S2 is, for example, scratches, latent scratches, distortions, etc. introduced through mechanical processing (for example, slicing, grinding / polishing), laser processing, or the like. It can be grasped that the damage layer is 300 or the like.
- ⁇ Separation step S3> As a method for separating the substrate 13 in the separation step S3, a multi-wire saw cutting method in which a plurality of wires are reciprocated to cut, an electric discharge machining method in which plasma discharge is intermittently generated and cut, and a laser beam in a crystal are used.
- An example can be exemplified of a method of cutting using a laser beam that forms a layer serving as a base point for cutting by irradiating and condensing.
- the separation step S3 when a method of cutting using a laser beam is adopted, the loss of material in the separation of the substrate 13 can be reduced.
- the separation step S3 a part of the original substrate 11 having the growth layer 111 is separated to obtain the substrate 13 having the growth layer 111. Further, the separation step S3 includes at least an introduction step S31 for introducing the damage layer 300 into the original substrate 11 and a peeling step S32 for peeling the substrate 13 starting from the damage layer 300.
- the focusing point of the laser beam having a wavelength that is transparent to the original substrate 11 is set to a depth corresponding to the thickness of the substrate 13 to be separated from the upper surface of the original substrate. Positioned inside the 11 and irradiating the original substrate 11 with a laser beam to form the damage layer 300.
- the substrate 13 having the growth layer 111 is peeled from the original substrate 11 along the damage layer 300.
- a method of adsorbing the front surface and the back surface of the original substrate 11 on a pedestal or the like to separate them can be exemplified.
- a conventional mechanical vibration is applied to the original substrate 11 by reciprocating a thin wire along the damage layer 300 or generating ultrasonic vibration, and the damage layer 300 is used as a starting point.
- the substrate 13 is peeled off from the original substrate 11.
- the introduction step S31 and the peeling step S32 are known, for example, the methods described in JP2013-49161A, JP2018-207834, JP-A-2017-500725, JP-A-2017-526161, and the like. At least some of the technology can be adopted as appropriate. Further, the introduction step S31 and the peeling step S32 are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-526161, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-500725, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-152582, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-500220, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-500220. -At least a part of known techniques such as the methods described in patent documents such as 511122 can be appropriately adopted.
- the substrate 13 having the growth layer 111 is manufactured.
- the substrate 13 having the growth layer 111 can be repeatedly manufactured. Further, the process group can be performed again using the manufactured substrate 13 having the growth layer 111 as the original substrate 11.
- each of the original substrate 11 and the substrate 13 obtained through the installation step S1, the heating step S2, and the separation step S3 has a remaining damage layer 300. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the damage layer 300 remaining on the original substrate 11 and the substrate 13 is removed by performing the heating step S2 including the etching step S23 on the original substrate 11 and the substrate 13 after the separation step S3. It may be configured to be removed.
- the installation step S1, the heating step S2, the installation step S1a, the heating step S2a, and the separation step S3 may be performed in this order.
- the installation step S1a reverses the installation order of the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 installed in the installation step S1 along the thickness direction of the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12. Install body 12.
- the heating step S2a heats the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 in the same manner as in the heating step S2.
- the installation step S1, the heating step S2, the heating step S2a, and the separation step S3 may be performed in this order.
- the heating step S2b heats the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 so as to reverse the temperature gradient formed along the thickness direction of the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12.
- the heating step S2b heats the raw material 12 and the raw material 12 based on the raw material transport mechanism under the same temperature conditions and atmosphere as in the heating step S2.
- the manufacturing apparatus includes a main body container 20, a heating furnace 30, a melting point container 40, and a separating means 50.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 are alternately installed so that the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 form a predetermined separation distance 1112.
- the separation distance 1112 is preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 7.0 mm or less, more preferably 5.0 mm or less, more preferably 4.0 mm or less, more preferably 3.0 mm or less, and more preferably 2.0 mm or less.
- the separation distance 1112 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.7 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 2 0.0 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5.0 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 7.0 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 70 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, More preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 700 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.0 mm or more, more preferably 1.2 mm or more, more preferably 1.5 mm or more, more preferably 1.7 mm or more, It is more preferably 2.0 mm or more, more preferably 3.0 mm or more, more preferably 4.0 mm or more, more preferably 5.0 mm or more
- the main body container 20 may be provided with a conventional distance adjusting means 27 such as a spacer for adjusting the separation distance 1112.
- the distance adjusting means 27 is composed of the same atomic species as the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12.
- the main body container 20 is a container in which the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 can be alternately installed. At this time, the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 are installed so as to be in close contact with each other. At this time, the main body container 20 has a semi-closed space inside. Further, when the main body container 20 is heated, the vapor pressure of the vapor phase species including the atomic species constituting the original substrate 11 is generated inside. At this time, there is no limit to the respective quantities of the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 installed by the main body container 20.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 may be alternately installed in the order of the original substrate 11, the raw material 12, and the original substrate 11, and the raw material 12, the original substrate 11, and the raw material 12 are alternately installed in this order. You can.
- the main body container 20 is a container in which the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 can be alternately installed.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 are alternately installed by the distance adjusting means 27 so as to be separated by a distance of 1112.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 may be alternately installed in the order of the original substrate 11, the raw material 12, and the original substrate 11, and the raw material 12, the original substrate 11, and the raw material 12 are alternately installed in this order. You can.
- the main body container 20 has a semi-closed space inside. At this time, the main body container 20 internally generates the vapor pressure of the vapor phase species including the atomic species constituting the original substrate 11 when heated. At this time, there is no limit to the respective quantities of the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 installed by the main body container 20.
- the main body container 20 prevents the raw material from being transported between the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 between the different unit processing bodies 1X and between the unit processing bodies 1X including the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12. It is a container in which the raw material transport prevention body 28 can be installed. At this time, there is no limit to the respective quantities of the unit processing body 1X and the raw material transport preventing body 28 installed by the main body container 20.
- the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 may be alternately installed in the order of the original substrate 11, the raw material 12, and the original substrate 11, and the raw material 12, the original substrate 11, and the raw material 12 are alternately installed in this order. You can.
- the raw material transport preventive body 28 is preferably a refractory metal such as W, Re, Os, Ta, Mo, etc., which does not serve as a transport destination or a transport source in the raw material transport between the raw material substrate 11 and the raw material body 12 described above.
- Ta 9 C 8 HfC, TaC , NbC, ZrC, or Ta 2 C, TiC, WC, etc.
- each of the plurality of main body containers 20 accommodates one original substrate 11.
- each of the plurality of main body containers 20 can be fitted to each other.
- the main body container 20 has a semi-closed space inside.
- the main body container 20 internally generates the vapor pressure of the vapor phase species including the atomic species constituting the original substrate 11 when heated.
- each of the plurality of main body containers 20 may be configured to accommodate the original substrate 11 and the raw material body 12.
- the main body container 20 is made of a SiC material containing SiC polycrystals, for example. Therefore, at least a part of the main body container 20 can be a transportation destination or a transportation source in the transportation of the raw material as the raw material body 12.
- a main body container in which at least the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 can be alternately installed may be realized by appropriately combining at least a part of the configurations in each of FIGS. 5 to 8.
- the environment in the heated main body container 20 be, for example, a vapor pressure environment of a mixed system of a gas phase species containing a Si element and a gas phase species containing a C element.
- the vapor phase species containing the Si element include Si, Si 2 , Si 3 , Si 2 C, SiC 2 , and SiC.
- the gas phase species containing the C element Si 2 C, SiC 2 , SiC, C and the like can be exemplified.
- the dopant and doping concentration of the main body container 20 can be selected according to the dopant and doping concentration of the growth layer 111 or 121 to be formed.
- the structure is such that the vapor pressure of the vapor phase species containing Si element and the vapor phase species containing C element is generated in the internal space during the heat treatment of the main body container 20, the structure can be adopted.
- a configuration in which the SiC polycrystal is exposed on a part of the inner surface a configuration in which the SiC polycrystal is separately installed in the main container 20, and the like can be shown.
- the main body container 20 is, for example, a fitting container including an upper container 23 and a lower container 24 that can be fitted to each other.
- a minute gap 25 is formed in the fitting portion between the upper container 23 and the lower container 24, and the inside of the main container 20 can be exhausted (evacuated) from the gap 25.
- the main container 20 is a Si steam supply source 26 (not shown in FIG. 4 and not shown in FIG. 5). ).
- the Si steam supply source 26 is used for the purpose of adjusting the atomic number ratio Si / C of the semi-closed space in the main container 20 so as to exceed 1.
- Examples of the Si vapor supply source include solid Si (Si pellets such as Si pieces and Si powder) and Si compounds.
- the atomic number ratio Si in the main body container 20 can be installed.
- / C exceeds 1.
- the raw substrate 11 and the raw material 12 satisfying the stoichiometric ratio 1: 1 and the Si steam supply source 26 are placed in the main body container 20 of the SiC polycrystalline material satisfying the stoichiometric ratio 1: 1.
- the atomic number ratio Si / C in the main body container 20 will exceed 1.
- the SiC-Si equilibrium vapor pressure environment according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed by heating a semi-closed space having an atomic number ratio of Si / C of more than 1. Further, the SiC-C equilibrium vapor pressure environment according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed by heating a semi-closed space having an atomic number ratio of Si / C of 1 or less.
- the main body container 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention may be configured to appropriately accommodate predetermined members so as to have a SiC-Si equilibrium vapor pressure environment or a SiC-C equilibrium vapor pressure environment, respectively.
- the heating furnace 30 is configured to heat so as to form a temperature gradient so that the temperature decreases / increases from the upper container 23 of the main body container 20 toward the lower container 24. As a result, a temperature gradient is formed in the thickness direction of the original substrate 11.
- the heating furnace 30 is a main heating chamber 31 capable of heating an object to be processed (original substrate 11, main body container 20, high melting point container 40, etc.) to a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher and 2300 ° C. or lower.
- a spare chamber 32 capable of preheating the object to be processed to a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher, a melting point container 40 capable of accommodating the main body container 20, and the melting point container 40 are moved from the spare chamber 32 to the main heating chamber 31. It is provided with a possible moving means 33 (moving table).
- the main heating chamber 31 is formed in a regular hexagon in a plan sectional view, and the high melting point container 40 is installed inside the heating chamber 31.
- a heating heater 34 (mesh heater) is provided in the heating chamber 31.
- a multilayer heat-reflecting metal plate is fixed to the side wall or ceiling of the heating chamber 31 (not shown). The multilayer heat-reflecting metal plate is configured to reflect the heat of the heating heater 34 toward the substantially central portion of the main heating chamber 31.
- the heating heater 34 is installed in the main heating chamber 31 so as to surround the melting point container 40 in which the object to be processed is housed. At this time, by installing the multilayer heat-reflecting metal plate on the outside of the heating heater 34, it is possible to raise the temperature in the temperature range of 1000 ° C. or higher and 2300 ° C. or lower.
- the heating heater 34 for example, a resistance heating type heater or a high frequency induction heating type heater can be adopted.
- the heating heater 34 may adopt a configuration capable of forming a temperature gradient in the melting point container 40.
- the heating heater 34 may be configured so that many heaters are installed on the upper side (or lower side). Further, the heating heater 34 may be configured so that the width increases toward the upper side (or the lower side). Alternatively, the heating heater 34 may be configured so that the electric power supplied can be increased toward the upper side (or the lower side). Further, the heating heater 34 may be capable of reversing the forming direction of the temperature gradient.
- a vacuum forming valve 35 for exhausting the inside of the main heating chamber 31, an inert gas injection valve 36 for introducing an inert gas into the main heating chamber 31, and a valve 36 in the main heating chamber 31
- a vacuum gauge 37 for measuring the degree of vacuum is connected to the vacuum gauge 37.
- the vacuum forming valve 35 is connected to a vacuum drawing pump that exhausts the inside of the main heating chamber 31 to create a vacuum (not shown).
- the degree of vacuum in the heating chamber 31 is preferably adjusted to 10 Pa or less, more preferably 1.0 Pa or less, and most preferably 10 -3 Pa or less by the vacuum forming valve 35 and the vacuum pulling pump. Can be done.
- a turbo molecular pump can be exemplified.
- the Inert gas injection valve 36 is connected to the Inactive gas supply source (not shown). With the inert gas injection valve 36 and the inert gas supply source, the inert gas can be introduced into the heating chamber 31 in the range of 10-5 to 10 4 Pa. As this inert gas, Ar or the like can be selected.
- the inert gas injection valve 36 is a dopant gas supply means capable of supplying the dopant gas into the main body container 20. That is, the doping concentration of the growth layer 111 can be increased by selecting a dopant gas (for example, N 2 or the like) as the inert gas.
- a dopant gas for example, N 2 or the like
- the spare chamber 32 is connected to the main heating chamber 31, and is configured so that the melting point container 40 can be moved by the moving means 33.
- the spare chamber 32 of the present embodiment is configured so that the temperature can be raised by the residual heat of the heating heater 34 of the main heating chamber 31. As an example, when the temperature of the main heating chamber 31 is raised to 2000 ° C., the temperature of the spare chamber 32 is raised to about 1000 ° C., and the object to be treated can be degassed.
- the moving means 33 is configured to be movable between the main heating chamber 31 and the spare chamber 32 on which the melting point container 40 is placed.
- the transportation between the main heating chamber 31 and the spare chamber 32 by the moving means 33 is completed in about 1 minute at the shortest, it is possible to realize raising and lowering of the temperature at 1.0 to 1000 ° C./min. As a result, rapid temperature rise and rapid temperature decrease can be performed, so that it is possible to observe a surface shape that does not have a history of low temperature growth during temperature rise and temperature decrease.
- the spare chamber 32 is installed below the main heating chamber 31, but the spare chamber 32 is not limited to this and may be installed in any direction.
- the moving means 33 is a moving table on which the high melting point container 40 is placed.
- the contact portion between the moving table and the melting point container 40 serves as a heat propagation path.
- a temperature gradient can be formed in the high melting point container 40 so that the contact portion side between the moving table and the high melting point container 40 is on the low temperature side.
- the direction of the temperature gradient can be set to any direction by changing the position of the contact portion between the moving table and the melting point container 40.
- the temperature gradient is provided so that the temperature rises from the upper container 41 of the high melting point container 40 toward the lower container 42. It is desirable that this temperature gradient is formed along the thickness direction of the original substrate 11 and the raw material body 12. Further, as described above, the temperature gradient may be formed by the configuration of the heater 34.
- the vapor pressure environment of the vapor phase species containing the Si element in the heating furnace 30 according to the present embodiment is formed by using the high melting point container 40 and the Si vapor supply material 44.
- any method capable of forming a vapor pressure environment of a vapor phase species containing a Si element around the main body container 20 can be adopted in the semiconductor substrate manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
- the high melting point container 40 is preferably composed of a high melting point material having a melting point equal to or higher than the melting point of the material constituting the main body container 20.
- Refractory vessel 40 by way of example, a general purpose heat-resistant member C, W is a refractory metal, Re, Os, Ta, Mo , Ta 9 C 8 is a carbide, HfC, TaC, NbC, ZrC , Ta 2 C , illustrated TiC, WC, MoC, a nitride HfN, TaN, BN, Ta 2 N, ZrN, TiN, the HfB 2, TaB 2, ZrB 2 , NB 2, TiB 2, SiC polycrystal like borides can do.
- the melting point container 40 is a fitting container including an upper container 41 and a lower container 42 that can be fitted to each other, like the main body container 20, and can accommodate the main body container 20. It is configured.
- a minute gap 43 is formed in the fitting portion between the upper container 41 and the lower container 42, and the inside of the high melting point container 40 can be exhausted (evacuated) from the gap 43.
- the high melting point container 40 has a Si steam supply material 44 capable of supplying the vapor pressure of a vapor phase species containing a Si element in the high melting point container 40.
- the Si vapor supply material 44 may have a configuration in which Si vapor is generated in the melting point container 40 during heat treatment, and examples thereof include solid Si (Si pellets such as Si pieces and Si powder) and Si compounds. be able to.
- the Si steam supply material 44 is, for example, a thin film that covers the inner wall of the melting point container 40.
- the Si steam supply material 44 is, for example, a metal atom and a silicid material of Si atoms constituting the melting point container 40.
- the separation means 50 separates a part of the original substrate 11 having the growth layer 111 to obtain the substrate 13 having the growth layer 111. Further, the separating means 50 includes at least an introduction means 51 for introducing the damage layer 300 into the original substrate 11 and a peeling means 52 for peeling the substrate 13 from the damage layer 300 as a starting point.
- the introduction means 51 has a depth corresponding to the thickness of the substrate 13 to separate the focusing point of the laser light having a wavelength that is transparent to the growth layer 111 and the original substrate 11 from the upper surface. As a result, it is positioned inside the original substrate 11 and the original substrate 11 is irradiated with laser light to form the damage layer 300.
- the introduction means 51 is, for example, a holding means (not shown) capable of holding the original substrate 11 and the raw material 12 based on a conventional method such as an adsorption chuck, and an oscillation which is a light source capable of irradiating pulse-oscillating laser light.
- Means 511 and conventional condensing means 512 such as a lens capable of condensing the laser light are provided, and at least a part of the oscillating means 511 and the condensing means 512 can be scanned.
- at least a part of each device constituting the introducing means 51 has a conventional adjusting means that can be aligned in an arbitrary axial direction. There are no restrictions on the wavelength, time width, output, spot diameter, etc. of the laser beam.
- the peeling means 52 peels the substrate 13 having the growth layer 111 from the original substrate 11 along the damage layer 300. Further, the peeling means 52 can exemplify a method of separating the front surface and the back surface of the original substrate 11 by adsorbing them on a pedestal or the like. Further, the peeling means 52 applies conventional mechanical vibration to the original substrate 11 by reciprocating a thin wire along the damage layer 300 or generating ultrasonic vibration, and starts from the damage layer 300. The substrate 13 is peeled off from the original substrate 11.
- the peeling means 52 has a melting point container for peeling capable of accommodating the original substrate 11, and a holding means capable of holding the original substrate 11 based on a conventional method such as an adsorption chuck. Further, the peeling means 52 can generate a conventional mechanical vibration including ultrasonic vibration, and can supply a vibration means for giving the mechanical vibration to the original substrate 11 and a liquid such as pure water, and is a liquid based on the conventional method. It has a supply means.
- each of the introducing means 51 and the peeling means 52 is, for example, the devices described in JP2013-49161A, JP2018-207834, JP-A-2017-500725, JP-A-2017-526161, etc. At least a part of the above can be adopted as appropriate. Further, each of the introducing means 51 and the peeling means 52 is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-526161, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-500725, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-152582, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-500220, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-500220. At least a part of the devices and the like described in the patent documents such as Table 2019-511122 can be appropriately adopted.
- the substrate 13 having the growth layer 111 is manufactured by processing the original substrate 11 by the main body container 20, the heating furnace 30, and the separating means 50. By repeating the process, the substrate 13 having the growth layer 111 may be repeatedly manufactured. Further, the process may be performed using the substrate 13 having the growth layer 111 as a new original substrate 11.
- SiC polycrystalline container Size Diameter (60mm), Height (4.0mm) Distance between SiC single crystal substrate E10 and SiC material: 2.0 mm Atomic number ratio in the container Si / C: 1 or less
- the SiC single crystal substrate E10 installed under the above conditions is heat-treated under the following conditions. Heating temperature: 1700 ° C Heating time: 300 min Temperature gradient: 1.0 ° C / mm Growth rate: 5.0 nm / min Vacuum degree of this heating chamber 31: 10-5 Pa
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a method for obtaining a conversion rate obtained by converting BPD into other defects / dislocations (TED, etc.) in the growth layer E11.
- FIG. 9A shows how the growth layer E11 was grown by the heating step.
- the BPD existing in the SiC single crystal substrate E10 is converted into TED with a certain probability. Therefore, TED and BPD are mixed on the surface of the growth layer E11 unless 100% conversion is performed.
- FIG. 9B shows a state in which defects in the growth layer E11 were confirmed using the KOH dissolution etching method.
- a SiC single crystal substrate E10 is immersed in a molten salt (KOH, etc.) heated to about 500 ° C. to form etch pits in dislocations and defective portions, and dislocations occur depending on the size and shape of the etch pits.
- KOH molten salt
- FIG. 9C shows how the growth layer E11 is removed after KOH dissolution etching.
- the surface of the SiC single crystal substrate E10 is exposed by removing the growth layer E11 by thermal etching after flattening to the depth of the etch pit by mechanical polishing, CMP, or the like.
- FIG. 9D shows a state in which defects in the SiC single crystal substrate E10 were confirmed by using the KOH dissolution etching method on the SiC single crystal substrate E10 from which the growth layer E11 was removed. By this method, the number of BPDs existing on the surface of the SiC single crystal substrate E10 is evaluated.
- the number of BPDs present on the surface of the growth layer E11 (see FIG. 9B) and the number of BPDs present on the surface of the SiC single crystal substrate E10 (FIG. 9D).
- the BPD conversion rate converted from BPD to other defects / dislocations during the heating step S2 can be obtained.
- the number of BPDs present on the surface of the growth layer E11 of Reference Example 1 was about 0 / cm- 2 , and the number of BPDs present on the surface of the SiC single crystal substrate E10 was 1000 cm- 2 . That is, it can be understood that the BPD is reduced or removed by installing the SiC single crystal substrate E10 having no MSB on the surface in a semi-closed space having an atomic number ratio of Si / C of 1 or less and heating the substrate.
- a SiC-C equilibrium vapor pressure environment is formed in the main body container 20 so that the atomic number ratio Si / C in the main body container 20 is 1 or less. Since the heating step S2 including the etching step S23 in the above method and the heating step S2 including the etching step according to the embodiment of the present invention are based on the same reactant process, the etching according to the embodiment of the present invention. It can be understood that BPD can be reduced or removed even in the process.
- SiC polycrystalline container Size Diameter (60mm), Height (4.0mm) Distance between SiC single crystal substrate E10 and SiC material: 2.0 mm
- Si steam supply source 26 Si piece Exceeds the atomic number ratio Si / C: 1 in the container
- the atomic number ratio Si / C in the container exceeds 1.
- the SiC single crystal substrate E10 installed under the above conditions is heat-treated under the following conditions. Heating temperature: 1800 ° C Heating time: 60 min Temperature gradient: 1.0 ° C / mm Growth rate: 68 nm / min Main heating chamber 31 Vacuum degree: 10-5 Pa
- FIG. 10 is an SEM image of the surface of the SiC single crystal substrate E10 before the growth of the growth layer E11.
- FIG. 10A is an SEM image observed at a magnification of ⁇ 1000
- FIG. 10B is an SEM image observed at a magnification of ⁇ 100,000. It can be seen that the MSB is formed on the surface of the SiC single crystal substrate E10 before the growth of the growth layer E11, and the steps having a height of 3.0 nm or more are arranged with a terrace width of 42 nm on average. it can. The step height was measured by AFM.
- FIG. 11 is an SEM image of the surface of the SiC single crystal substrate E10 after the growth layer E11 has grown.
- FIG. 11A is an SEM image observed at a magnification of ⁇ 1000
- FIG. 11B is an SEM image observed at a magnification of ⁇ 100,000. It can be seen that the MSB is not formed on the surface of the growth layer E11 of Reference Example 2, and the steps of 1.0 nm (full unit cell) are regularly arranged with a terrace width of 14 nm. The step height was measured by AFM.
- the growth layer E11 in which the MSB is decomposed is formed by installing the SiC single crystal substrate E10 having the MSB on the surface in a semi-closed space having an atomic number ratio Si / C of more than 1 and heating it. be able to.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the heating temperature and the growth rate grown by the method for producing a SiC single crystal substrate according to the present invention.
- the horizontal axis of this graph is the reciprocal of temperature, and the vertical axis of this graph is the logarithmic representation of the growth rate.
- the result of growing the growth layer E11 on the SiC single crystal substrate E10 by installing the SiC single crystal substrate E10 in a space where the atomic number ratio Si / C exceeds 1 (inside the main body container 20) is indicated by ⁇ .
- the result of growing the growth layer E11 on the SiC single crystal substrate E10 by installing the SiC single crystal substrate E10 in a space (inside the main body container 20) in which the atomic number ratio Si / C is 1 or less is indicated by a cross. ing.
- the graph of FIG. 12 shows the result of the thermodynamic calculation of the SiC substrate growth in the SiC-Si equilibrium vapor pressure environment by a broken line (Arenius plot), and shows the thermodynamic calculation of the SiC substrate growth in the SiC-Si equilibrium vapor pressure environment. The results are shown by the alternate long and short dash line (Arenius plot).
- the chemical potential difference and the temperature gradient are used as the growth driving force.
- the SiC single crystal substrate E10 is grown. This chemical potential difference can exemplify the difference in voltage division of gas phase species generated on the surface of a SiC polycrystal and a SiC single crystal.
- the SiC growth rate can be obtained by the following equation 1.
- T is the temperature of the SiC raw material side
- k is Boltzmann's constant.
- P transported original i -P transport destination i is the raw material gas becomes a supersaturated state, a growth amount deposited as SiC, as a raw material gas SiC, Si 2 C, SiC 2 is assumed.
- the broken line indicates when a SiC single crystal is grown from a SiC polycrystal as a raw material in a vapor pressure environment when SiC (solid) and Si (liquid phase) are in a phase equilibrium state via a gas phase. It is the result of the thermodynamic calculation of. Specifically, the result was obtained by thermodynamic calculation under the following conditions (i) to (iv) using Equation 1.
- the growth driving force is the temperature gradient in the main body container 20 and the difference in vapor pressure (chemical potential difference) between the SiC polycrystal and the SiC single crystal.
- the raw material gas is SiC, SiC 2 C, SiC 2.
- the adsorption coefficient at which the raw material is adsorbed on the step of the SiC single crystal substrate E10 is 0.001.
- the two-point chain wire grows a SiC single crystal from a SiC polycrystal as a raw material in a vapor pressure environment when SiC (solid phase) and C (solid phase) are in a phase equilibrium state via a gas phase. It is the result of thermodynamic calculation when it is made to. Specifically, the result was obtained by thermodynamic calculation under the following conditions (i) to (iv) using Equation 1.
- the growth driving force is the temperature gradient in the main body container 20 and the vapor pressure difference (chemical potential difference) between the SiC polycrystal and the SiC single crystal (i).
- the raw material gas is SiC, SiC 2 C, SiC 2.
- the adsorption coefficient at which the raw material is adsorbed on the step of the SiC single crystal substrate E10 is 0.001.
- the values in the JANAF thermochemical table were adopted.
- the SiC single crystal substrate E10 was placed in a space where the atomic number ratio Si / C exceeds 1 (in the main body container 20), and the growth layer E11 was grown on the SiC single crystal substrate E10. It can be grasped that the result (marked with ⁇ ) is in agreement with the result of the thermodynamic calculation of SiC growth in the SiC-Si equilibrium vapor pressure environment.
- a growth rate of 1.0 ⁇ m / min or more is achieved at a heating temperature of 1960 ° C. Further, it can be understood that a growth rate of 2.0 ⁇ m / min or more is achieved at a heating temperature of 2000 ° C. or higher.
- a growth rate of 1.0 ⁇ m / min or more is achieved at a heating temperature of 2000 ° C. Further, it can be understood that a growth rate of 2.0 ⁇ m / min or more is achieved at a heating temperature of 2030 ° C. or higher.
- Unit processing body 11 Original substrate 12: Raw material body 13: Substrate 20: Main body container 27: Distance adjusting means 28: Raw material transport prevention body 30: Heating furnace 40: High melting point container 50: Separation means 51: Introduction means 52: Peeling means 111: Growth layer 300: Damage layer 511: Oscillation means 512: Condensing means 1112: Separation distance S1: Installation step S2: Heating step S21: Si atom sublimation step S22: C atom sublimation step S23: Etching step S24: Growth Step S3: Separation step S31: Introduction step S32: Peeling step
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の一実施形態の基板の製造方法(以下、単に製造方法という。)について詳細に説明する。
本明細書は、SiC材料を用いてSiC結晶成長を行う場合を例示するが、GaN(窒化ガリウム)やGa2O3(酸化ガリウム)材料等の半導体材料においても同様の作用効果を奏し得る。よって、原基板11及び原料体12は、SiC、GaN及びGa2O3等の半導体材料である。
本発明の一実施形態に係る設置工程S1は、原基板11及び原料体12を、交互に設置する。このとき、原基板11及び原料体12は、略並行となるよう設置される。このとき、設置工程S1により設置される原基板11及び原料体12のそれぞれの数量に制限はない。
なお、本明細書中の説明における「準閉鎖空間」とは、空間内部の真空引きは可能であるが、空間内部で発生した蒸気の少なくとも一部を閉じ込め可能な空間のことを指す。
本明細書中の説明における「密着」とは、所定の離間距離をなしながら異なる部材等が近接することを指す。
原基板11は、昇華法等で作製したインゴットから円盤状にスライスしたSiCウェハや、SiC単結晶を薄板状に加工したSiC基板を例示することができる。なお、SiC単結晶の結晶多形としては、何れのポリタイプのものも採用することができる。
すなわち、MSBとは、4H-SiCの場合には4分子層を超えて(5分子層以上)バンチングしたステップであり、6H-SiCの場合には6分子層を超えて(7分子層以上)バンチングしたステップである。
なお、MSBは、成長層形成時の表面における欠陥発生や、SiC半導体デバイスにおける酸化膜信頼性の阻害等の要因の1つであるため、基板表面上で形成されていないことが望ましい。
また、本明細書中の説明において、成長層111は、原料輸送により原基板11上に形成された成長層を指す。
また、本明細書中の説明において、成長層121は、原料輸送により原料体12上に形成された成長層を指す。
加熱工程S2は、原基板11及び原料体12間に温度差が形成されるよう、原基板11及び原料体12を加熱し、原基板11を結晶成長させ、原基板11表面に成長層111を形成する。
なお、本発明の一実施形態に係る原基板11及び原料体12は密着されるが、その場合でも、原基板11及び原料体12間の微小な空隙が原料輸送空間となる、と把握することができる。
2) 2C(s)+Si(v)→SiC2(v)
3) C(s)+2Si(v)→Si2C(v)
4) Si(v)+SiC2(v)→2SiC(s)
5) Si2C(v)→Si(v)+SiC(s)
2)及び3)の説明:Si原子(Si(v))が脱離することで裏面114に残存したC原子(C(s))は、原料輸送空間内のSi蒸気(Si(v))と反応しSi2C又はSiC2等となって原料輸送空間内に昇華する。
4)及び5)の説明:昇華したSi2C又はSiC2等が、温度勾配によって原料体12の主面123のテラスに到達・拡散し、ステップに到達することで主面123の多形を引き継いで成長層121が成長・形成される(ステップフロー成長)。
また、加熱工程S2は、原基板11または原料体12表面を、Si原子昇華工程S21及びC原子昇華工程S22に基づきエッチングするエッチング工程S23を含む。加熱工程S2は、例として、原料体12表面がエッチングされる一方、原基板11表面において、上述のステップフロー成長に基づき成長層111を形成する成長工程S24を含む。加熱工程S2に含まれる各工程は逐次、行われる。なお、成長工程S24は、輸送されたSi2C又はSiC2等が過飽和となり凝結することで成長層111を形成するため、PVT(物理気相輸送)に基づく工程である、と把握することができる。
また、加熱工程S2は、SiC単結晶基板表面上のMSBを分解するバンチング分解工程を含む、と把握することができる。
また、本明細書中の説明における「SiC-C平衡蒸気圧環境」とは、SiC(固相)とC(固相)とが気相を介して相平衡状態となっているときの蒸気圧の環境のことを指す。
SiC-C平衡蒸気圧環境は、原子数比Si/Cが1以下である準閉鎖空間が加熱されることで形成される。
例えば、エッチング速度が1.0μm/minの際に、エッチング量を1.0μmとしたい場合には、加熱時間は1min(1分間)となる。
分離工程S3における基板13を分離する手法としては、複数本のワイヤを往復運動させることで切断するマルチワイヤソー切断や、プラズマ放電を断続的に発生させて切断する放電加工法、結晶中にレーザ光を照射・集光させて切断の基点となる層を形成するレーザ光を用いて切断する手法等を例示できる。分離工程S3は、レーザ光を用いて切断する手法を採用する場合、基板13の分離における材料のロスを少なくすることができる。
また、分離工程S3は、原基板11にダメージ層300を導入する導入工程S31と、ダメージ層300を起点として基板13を剥離する剥離工程S32と、を少なくとも含む。
また、導入工程S31及び剥離工程S32は、例えば、特表2017-526161号公報、特表2017-500725号公報、特開2018-152582号公報、特表2019-500220号公報、及び、特表2019-511122号公報等の特許文献に記載の方法等の公知技術の少なくとも一部を適宜、採用することができる。
以下、本明細書は、本発明の一実施形態である半導体基板の製造装置(以下、単に製造装置という。)について、詳細に説明する。なお、先の製造方法に示した構成と基本的に同一の構成要素については、同一の符号を付してその説明を簡略化する。
図5に示すように、本体容器20は、原基板11及び原料体12を交互に設置可能な容器である。このとき、原基板11及び原料体12は密着するよう設置される。このとき、本体容器20は、準閉鎖空間を内部に有する。また、本体容器20は、加熱された際に原基板11を構成する原子種を含む気相種の蒸気圧を内部に発生させる。このとき、本体容器20により設置される原基板11及び原料体12のそれぞれの数量に制限はない。なお、原基板11及び原料体12は、原基板11、原料体12及び原基板11の順で交互に設置されてよく、原料体12、原基板11及び原料体12の順で交互に設置されてよい。
また、本体容器20は、準閉鎖空間を内部に有する。このとき、本体容器20は、加熱された際に原基板11を構成する原子種を含む気相種の蒸気圧を内部に発生させる。このとき、本体容器20により設置される原基板11及び原料体12のそれぞれの数量に制限はない。
原料輸送防止体28は、好ましくは、上述の原基板11及び原料体12間の原料輸送における輸送先又は輸送元とならないような、W,Re,Os,Ta,Mo等の高融点金属や、Ta9C8,HfC,TaC,NbC,ZrC,Ta2C,TiC,WC,MoC等の炭化物や、HfB2,TaB2,ZrB2,NB2,TiB2等のホウ化物等である。
本体容器20は、Si蒸気供給源26(図4において図示せず、図5においては図示。
)を有する。Si蒸気供給源26は、本体容器20内の準閉鎖空間の原子数比Si/Cを、1を超えるよう調整する目的で用いられる。Si蒸気供給源としては、固体のSi(Si片やSi粉末等のSiペレット)やSi化合物を例示することができる。
加熱炉30は、本体容器20の上容器23から下容器24に向かって温度が下がる/上がるよう温度勾配を形成するよう加熱する構成となっている。これにより、原基板11の厚み方向に温度勾配が形成される。
加熱ヒータ34は、例として、上側(若しくは下側)に多くのヒータが設置されるよう構成してもよい。また、加熱ヒータ34は、上側(若しくは下側)に向かうにつれて幅が大きくなるように構成してもよい。あるいは、加熱ヒータ34は、上側(若しくは下側)に向かうにつれて供給される電力を大きくすることが可能なよう構成してもよい。また、加熱ヒータ34は、温度勾配の形成方向を反転可能であってよい。
本実施形態に係る加熱炉30内のSi元素を含む気相種の蒸気圧環境は、高融点容器40及びSi蒸気供給材料44を用いて形成している。例として、本体容器20の周囲にSi元素を含む気相種の蒸気圧の環境を形成可能な方法であれば、本発明の半導体基板の製造装置に採用することができる。
Si蒸気供給材料44は、加熱処理時にSi蒸気を高融点容器40内に発生させる構成であればよく、例として、固体のSi(Si片やSi粉末等のSiペレット)やSi化合物を例示することができる。
分離手段50は、成長層111を有する原基板11の一部を分離し、成長層111を有する基板13を得る。
また、分離手段50は、原基板11にダメージ層300を導入する導入手段51と、ダメージ層300を起点として基板13を剥離する剥離手段52と、を少なくとも含む。
また、導入手段51は、導入手段51を構成する各装置の少なくとも一部は、任意の軸方向においてアラインメント可能な慣用の調整手段を有する。なお、当該レーザ光の波長、時間幅、出力及びスポット径等に制限はない。
また、剥離手段52は、原基板11の表面と裏面を台座等に吸着させて分離する手法を例示できる。
また、剥離手段52は、ダメージ層300に沿って細いワイヤを往復運動させる、又は、超音波振動を発生させる等することで原基板11に慣用の機械振動を付与し、ダメージ層300を起点に原基板11から基板13を剥離する。
また、剥離手段52は、超音波振動を含む慣用の機械振動を発生可能であり当該機械振動を原基板11に与える振動手段と、純水等の液体を供給可能であり慣用の手法に基づく液体供給手段と、を有する。
導入手段51及び剥離手段52のそれぞれは、例えば、特開2013-49161号公報、特開2018-207034号公報、特表2017-500725号公報、特開2017-526161号公報等に記載の装置等の少なくとも一部を適宜、採用することができる。
また、導入手段51及び剥離手段52のそれぞれは、例えば、特表2017-526161号公報、特表2017-500725号公報、特開2018-152582号公報、特表2019-500220号公報、及び、特表2019-511122号公報等の特許文献に記載の装置等の少なくとも一部を適宜、採用することができる。
《参考例1》
以下の条件で、SiC単結晶基板E10は本体容器20に収容され、本体容器20は高融点容器40に収容されている。
多型:4H-SiC
基板サイズ:横幅(10mm)、縦幅(10mm)、厚み(0.3mm)
オフ方向及びオフ角:<11-20>方向4°オフ
成長面:(0001)面
MSBの有無:無し
ダメージ層:無し
材料:SiC多結晶
容器サイズ:直径(60mm)、高さ(4.0mm)
SiC単結晶基板E10とSiC材料との距離:2.0mm
容器内の原子数比Si/C:1以下
材料:TaC
容器サイズ:直径(160mm)、高さ(60mm)
Si蒸気供給材料44(Si化合物):TaSi2
加熱温度:1700℃
加熱時間:300min
温度勾配:1.0℃/mm
成長速度:5.0nm/min
本加熱室31の真空度:10-5Pa
本手法では、エッチピット深さまで機械研磨やCMP等により平坦化した後、熱エッチングにより成長層E11を除去することで、SiC単結晶基板E10の表面は表出している。
以下の条件で、SiC単結晶基板E10を本体容器20に収容し、さらに本体容器20を高融点容器40に収容した。
多型:4H-SiC
基板サイズ:横幅(10mm)、縦幅(10mm)、厚み(0.3mm)
オフ方向及びオフ角:<11-20>方向4°オフ
成長面:(0001)面
MSBの有無:有り
材料:SiC多結晶
容器サイズ:直径(60mm)、高さ(4.0mm)
SiC単結晶基板E10とSiC材料との距離:2.0mm
Si蒸気供給源26:Si片
容器内の原子数比Si/C:1を超える
材料:TaC
容器サイズ:直径160mm×高さ60mm
Si蒸気供給材料44(Si化合物):TaSi2
加熱温度:1800℃
加熱時間:60min
温度勾配:1.0℃/mm
成長速度:68nm/min
本加熱室31真空度:10-5Pa
参考例2の成長層E11表面には、MSBは形成されておらず、1.0nm(フルユニットセル)のステップが、14nmのテラス幅で規則正しく配列していることが把握することができる。なお、ステップ高さは、AFMにより測定した。
上記の方法におけるエッチング工程S23を含む加熱工程S2と、本発明の一実施形態に係るエッチング工程を含む加熱工程と、は同一の反応素過程に基づくため、本発明の一実施形態に係るエッチング工程においてもSiC単結晶基板表面上のMSBは分解され得る、と把握することができる。
図12は、本発明に係るSiC単結晶基板の製造方法にて成長させた加熱温度と成長速度の関係を示すグラフである。このグラフの横軸は温度の逆数であり、このグラフの縦軸は成長速度を対数表示している。SiC単結晶基板E10を原子数比Si/Cが1を超える空間(本体容器20内)に設置して、SiC単結晶基板E10に成長層E11を成長させた結果を〇印で示す。また、SiC単結晶基板E10を原子数比Si/Cが1以下である空間(本体容器20内)に設置して、SiC単結晶基板E10に成長層E11を成長させた結果を×印で示している。
(i)体積一定のSiC-Si平衡蒸気圧環境であること
(ii)成長駆動力は、本体容器20内の温度勾配と、SiC多結晶とSiC単結晶の蒸気圧差(化学ポテンシャル差)であること
(iii)原料ガスは、SiC,Si2C,SiC2である
(iv)原料がSiC単結晶基板E10のステップに吸着する吸着係数は0.001である
(i)体積一定のSiC-C平衡蒸気圧環境である
(ii)成長駆動力は、本体容器20内の温度勾配と、SiC多結晶とSiC単結晶の蒸気圧差(化学ポテンシャル差)である
(iii)原料ガスはSiC,Si2C,SiC2である
(iv)原料がSiC単結晶基板E10のステップに吸着する吸着係数は0.001である
なお、熱力学計算に用いた各化学種のデータはJANAF熱化学表の値を採用した。
11 :原基板
12 :原料体
13 :基板
20 :本体容器
27 :距離調整手段
28 :原料輸送防止体
30 :加熱炉
40 :高融点容器
50 :分離手段
51 :導入手段
52 :剥離手段
111 :成長層
300 :ダメージ層
511 :発振手段
512 :集光手段
1112 :離間距離
S1 :設置工程
S2 :加熱工程
S21 :Si原子昇華工程
S22 :C原子昇華工程
S23 :エッチング工程
S24 :成長工程
S3 :分離工程
S31 :導入工程
S32 :剥離工程
Claims (15)
- 原基板及び原料体を交互に設置する設置工程と、前記原基板及び原料体を加熱し前記原基板上に成長層を形成する加熱工程と、を含む半導体基板の製造方法。
- 前記設置工程は、前記原基板及び原料体を準閉鎖空間に設置する請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記加熱工程は、前記原基板及び原料体間に温度差が形成されるよう加熱する請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記成長層を有する前記原基板の一部を分離する分離工程をさらに含む請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記分離工程は、前記成長層を有する前記原基板にダメージ層を導入する導入工程と、前記成長層を有する前記原基板の一部を剥離する剥離工程と、を含む請求項4に記載の製造方法。
- 前記設置工程は、前記原基板及び原料体を密着するよう設置する請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記設置工程は、前記原基板及び原料体を含む単位処理体間に、前記原基板及び原料体間の原料輸送を防止する原料輸送防止体を設置する請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記原基板及び原料体は、SiC材料を含む請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 原基板及び原料体を交互に設置可能な本体容器と、前記原基板及び原料体を加熱可能であり前記原基板上に成長層を形成可能な加熱炉と、を有する半導体基板の製造装置。
- 前記本体容器は、準閉鎖空間を内部に有する請求項9に記載の製造装置。
- 前記本体容器は、前記原基板、前記原料体、原料輸送防止体、前記原基板及び原料体をこの順で積み重ね、前記原基板、原料体、原料輸送防止体、原基板及び原料体を設置可能である請求項9又は10に記載の製造装置。
- 前記加熱炉は、前記原基板及び原料体間で温度勾配を形成可能である請求項9~11の何れか一項に記載の製造装置。
- 前記成長層を有する前記原基板の一部を分離可能な分離手段をさらに有する請求項9~12の何れか一項に記載の製造装置。
- 前記分離手段は、前記成長層を有する前記原基板にレーザ光を照射し前記成長層を有する前記原基板にダメージ層を導入可能な導入手段と、前記成長層を有する前記原基板の一部を剥離可能な剥離手段と、を有する請求項13に記載の製造装置。
- 前記原基板及び原料体は、SiC材料を含む請求項9~13の何れか一項に記載の製造装置。
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| US17/763,684 US20220316089A1 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2020-09-24 | Method for producing semiconductor substrates and device for producing semiconductor substrates |
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| EP4036285A1 (en) | 2022-08-03 |
| CN114423888A (zh) | 2022-04-29 |
| US20220316089A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
| TW202129093A (zh) | 2021-08-01 |
| EP4036285A4 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
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