WO2020262344A1 - セルロース繊維複合再生樹脂及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
セルロース繊維複合再生樹脂及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020262344A1 WO2020262344A1 PCT/JP2020/024516 JP2020024516W WO2020262344A1 WO 2020262344 A1 WO2020262344 A1 WO 2020262344A1 JP 2020024516 W JP2020024516 W JP 2020024516W WO 2020262344 A1 WO2020262344 A1 WO 2020262344A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
- B29B17/0042—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting for shaping parts, e.g. multilayered parts with at least one layer containing regenerated plastic
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- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/002—Methods
- B29B7/007—Methods for continuous mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29B7/726—Measuring properties of mixture, e.g. temperature or density
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
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- B29B7/92—Wood chips or wood fibres
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
- B29B9/14—Making granules characterised by structure or composition fibre-reinforced
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- C08J3/203—Solid polymers with solid and/or liquid additives
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/12—Esters; Ether-esters of cyclic polycarboxylic acids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
- B29K2105/122—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles microfibres or nanofibers
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
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- C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cellulose fiber composite recycled resin and a method for producing the same.
- Cellulose nanofibers are usually obtained in the state of a dispersion (slurry), but transportation in the state of a dispersion increases the cost. Therefore, when commercializing it, it is rational to dry the dispersion of cellulose nanofibers and transport it as a dried product. However, when the dispersion is dried, the cellulose nanofibers bind to each other and strongly aggregate. Therefore, it is difficult to disperse the cellulose nanofibers in water again, and they do not disperse as they did before drying.
- fine fibers such as cellulose nanofibers and microfiber cellulose are in the limelight for use as reinforcing materials for resins.
- recycled resin recycled resin
- the present inventors conducted various tests on the dried fine fibers according to the above proposal in order to investigate the performance of the recycled resin as a reinforcing material.
- a main problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cellulose fiber composite recycled resin having excellent strength and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are excellent in redispersibility in water, but inferior in dispersibility in resin. This was one of the reasons why the strength of the resin did not improve as expected even when a dried product (cellulose nanofiber, microfiber cellulose, etc.) was mixed with the resin.
- the dried product can be once dispersed in water and mixed with the resin in the state of a dispersion, but it is very inefficient to evaporate the water content such as cellulose nanofibers with the mixing with the resin. .. It is the mode shown below that has come to the fore against such a background.
- At least one of the resin powder and the resin pellets is mixed with the cellulose fiber slurry to obtain a first mixture.
- This first mixture shall be kneaded with the recycled resin.
- Fine fibers are used as part or all of the cellulose fibers.
- Cellulose fiber itself has a three-dimensional network structure and exerts stress (elastic force) against external force. If the cellulose fibers are not sufficiently dispersed and mixed with the entire recycled resin, even if the cellulose fibers are simply kneaded with the recycled resin, they are sufficiently mixed with the portion where the recycled resin and the cellulose fibers are sufficiently mixed. The part that is not, that is, unevenness occurs. The reason for the unevenness is not clear, but it is considered that the cellulose fibers are aggregated when the cellulose fibers are mixed with the regenerated resin, and the cellulose fibers are not uniformly dispersed in the regenerated resin. In the portion where the recycled resin and the cellulose fiber are not sufficiently mixed, the interposition of the three-dimensional network structure of the cellulose fiber between the recycled resins is insufficient, and the strength of the cellulose fiber composite recycled resin is not high.
- the cellulose fibers adhere to most of the resin, and the dispersibility of the cellulose fibers is improved.
- the inventor, etc. said that the product produced by kneading this mixture with a reclaimed resin has innumerable three-dimensional network structures of appropriately dispersed cellulose fibers intervening between the reclaimed resins, thereby improving the strength. Guess.
- Patent Document 3 a method of suppressing a decrease in strength by mixing an unused resin with a used resin and molding a recycled resin
- Patent Document 4 a method of suppressing a decrease in strength, and a rubbery substance in the used resin.
- Patent Document 4 a method of suppressing a decrease in strength by molding a recycled resin by adding a polymer or an inorganic filler.
- the recycled resin is mixed with the first mixture to obtain a second mixture.
- This second mixture shall be kneaded and Fine fibers are used as part or all of the cellulose fibers.
- a method for producing a cellulose fiber composite recycled resin is
- At least one of the resin powder and the resin pellets exceeds 0 parts by mass and 100 parts by mass or less. Aspects can be mentioned.
- the average particle size of the resin powder is 1 to 1500 ⁇ m. Aspects can be mentioned.
- the average particle size of the resin pellets is 1 to 10 mm. Aspects can be mentioned.
- At least one or more substances selected from polybasic acids, polybasic acids, derivatives of polybasic acids, and derivatives of polybasic acids are mixed with the slurry. Aspects can be mentioned.
- At least one or more substances selected from phthalic acid, phthalates, derivatives of phthalates, and derivatives of phthalates are mixed with the slurry. Aspects can be mentioned.
- the first mixture is dried and pulverized to form a powder, and then kneaded with the regenerated resin. Aspects can be mentioned.
- Microfiber cellulose with an average fiber length of 0.02 to 3 mm At least one of the resin powder and the resin pellet, A mixture of phthalic acid, phthalates, derivatives of phthalates, and at least one or more substances selected from derivatives of phthalates.
- Including with recycled resin Cellulose fiber composite recycled resin characterized by this.
- it is a cellulose fiber composite recycled resin having excellent strength, and a method for producing a cellulose fiber composite recycled resin having excellent strength.
- the embodiment of the present invention is an example of the present invention.
- the scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present embodiment.
- the cellulose fiber composite recycled resin of this embodiment contains a mixture of cellulose fibers and resin powder, and a recycled resin.
- Cellulose fibers are, for example, a mixture of fine fibers such as cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and microfiber cellulose (MFC).
- the resin powder virgin resin (non-recycled resin, raw material resin, unused resin) powder can be used.
- the average particle size of the resin powder is preferably 1 to 1500 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 to 1000 ⁇ m. When the average particle size of the resin powder is in this range, the product has a suitable strength. If it is smaller than this range, it is presumed that the resin powder is too small for the cellulose fibers and that the fine fibers are not sufficiently dispersed.
- the average particle size of the resin pellets is preferably 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 1 to 5 mm. When the average particle size of the resin pellets is in this range, the product has a desired strength. If it is larger than this range, it is presumed that the fine fibers are not sufficiently dispersed.
- Recycled resin refers to a resin manufactured from used resin as a raw material.
- a resin obtained by regenerating the discarded resin material can be used.
- the number of times of the reproduction processing is not particularly limited, and may be once or a plurality of times.
- Recycled resins are generally inferior in mechanical properties to virgin resins. It is said that this is because the molecular weight of the resin is reduced and the strength is lowered due to heat history, physical impact, ultraviolet reaction, hydrolysis reaction, etc. due to repeated crushing and molding.
- a recycled polypropylene resin is preferable.
- the cellulose fiber composite recycled resin can be obtained, for example, by mixing a resin powder with a slurry of cellulose fibers to form a mixture, and kneading this mixture with the recycled resin. Prior to kneading with the recycled resin, the mixture may be dried and pulverized to form a powder. The details will be described below.
- the cellulose fiber of this embodiment contains fine fibers as a part or a whole thereof.
- the fine fibers include at least one of cellulose nanofibers and microfiber celluloses, preferably microfiber celluloses.
- Cellulose nanofibers have the role of significantly improving the strength of recycled resin.
- Cellulose nanofibers can be obtained by defibrating (miniaturizing) the raw material pulp.
- raw material pulp for cellulose nanofibers for example, wood pulp made from broadleaf tree, coniferous tree, etc., non-wood pulp made from straw, bagasse, cotton, linen, carrot fiber, etc., recovered waste paper, waste paper, etc. are used as raw materials.
- One type or two or more types can be selected and used from the waste paper pulp (DIP) and the like.
- the above-mentioned various raw materials may be in the state of a pulverized product (powder) called, for example, a cellulosic powder.
- wood pulp as the raw material pulp for cellulose nanofibers.
- wood pulp for example, one or more kinds can be selected and used from chemical pulp such as hardwood kraft pulp (LKP) and softwood kraft pulp (NKP), mechanical pulp (TMP) and the like.
- the hardwood kraft pulp may be hardwood bleached kraft pulp, hardwood unbleached kraft pulp, or hardwood semi-bleached kraft pulp.
- the softwood kraft pulp may be softwood bleached kraft pulp, softwood unbleached kraft pulp, or softwood semi-bleached kraft pulp.
- thermomechanical pulp examples include stone ground pulp (SGP), pressurized stone ground pulp (PGW), refiner ground pulp (RGP), chemi-grand pulp (CGP), thermo-grand pulp (TGP), and ground pulp (GP).
- SGP stone ground pulp
- PGW pressurized stone ground pulp
- RGP refiner ground pulp
- CGP chemi-grand pulp
- TGP thermo-grand pulp
- GP ground pulp
- TMP thermomechanical pulp
- CMP chemithermomechanical pulp
- RMP refiner mechanical pulp
- BTMP bleached thermomechanical pulp
- the raw material pulp can also be pretreated by a chemical method prior to defibration.
- Pretreatment by chemical method includes, for example, hydrolysis of polysaccharide with acid (acid treatment), hydrolysis of polysaccharide with enzyme (enzyme treatment), swelling of polysaccharide with alkali (alkali treatment), oxidation of polysaccharide with oxidizing agent (alkaline treatment). Oxidation treatment), reduction of polysaccharides with a reducing agent (reduction treatment), and the like can be exemplified.
- alkali used for the alkali treatment examples include sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and the like.
- Organic alkali or the like can be used. However, from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost, it is preferable to use sodium hydroxide.
- the water retention level of the cellulose nanofibers can be lowered, the crystallinity level can be increased, and the homogeneity can be increased. In this respect, if the water retention level of the cellulose nanofibers is low, dehydration is likely to occur, and the dehydration property of the cellulose fiber slurry is improved.
- the raw material pulp is treated with enzyme, acid, or oxidation, the hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose that the pulp has are decomposed. As a result, the energy of the miniaturization process can be reduced, and the uniformity and dispersibility of the cellulose fibers can be improved.
- the pretreatment lowers the aspect ratio of the cellulose nanofibers, it is preferable to avoid excessive pretreatment in terms of increasing the strength of the recycled resin.
- beaters high-pressure homogenizers, homogenizers such as high-pressure homogenizers, stone mill type friction machines such as grinders and grinders, single-screw kneaders, multi-screw kneaders, kneader refiners, jet mills, etc. It can be done by beating the raw material pulp using it. However, it is preferable to use a refiner or a jet mill.
- the average fiber diameter, average fiber length, water retention, crystallinity, peak value of pseudo-particle size distribution, pulp viscosity, and B-type viscosity of the dispersion liquid of the obtained cellulose nanofibers are as shown below. It is preferable to carry out so as to obtain a desired value or evaluation.
- the average fiber diameter (average fiber width; average diameter of single fibers) of the cellulose nanofibers is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 10 to 80 nm, and particularly preferably 20 to 60 nm. If the average fiber diameter of the cellulose nanofibers is less than 3 nm, the fiber structure cannot be maintained, and the resin reinforcing effect may not be sufficiently obtained. Further, in the form of mixing the cellulose nanofibers with the dispersant, the dispersant does not sufficiently cover the cellulose nanofibers (does not cling to them), and the effect of improving the redispersibility in the resin may be insufficient. .. On the other hand, if the average fiber diameter of the cellulose nanofibers exceeds 100 nm, the number of cellulose single crystals contained in each cellulose nanofiber increases, so that the reinforcing effect may be lowered.
- the average fiber diameter of cellulose nanofibers can be adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
- the method for measuring the average fiber diameter of cellulose nanofibers is as follows. First, 100 ml of an aqueous dispersion of cellulose nanofibers having a solid content concentration of 0.01 to 0.1% by mass is filtered through a membrane filter made of Teflon (registered trademark), and the solvent is once with 100 ml of ethanol and three times with 20 ml of t-butanol. Replace. Next, it is freeze-dried and coated with osmium to prepare a sample. This sample is observed by an electron microscope SEM image at a magnification of 3,000 to 30,000 times depending on the width of the constituent fibers.
- the average fiber length (length of a single fiber) of the cellulose nanofibers is preferably 0.1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 500 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m. If the average fiber length of the cellulose nanofibers is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, a three-dimensional network of the cellulose nanofibers cannot be constructed, and the reinforcing effect may be reduced. On the other hand, if the average fiber length of the cellulose nanofibers exceeds 1,000 ⁇ m, the fibers are likely to be entangled with each other, and the redispersibility may not be sufficiently improved.
- the average fiber length of cellulose nanofibers can be adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
- the method for measuring the average fiber length of cellulose nanofibers is the same as for the average fiber diameter, and the length of each fiber is visually measured.
- the average fiber length is the medium length of the measured value.
- the water retention level of the cellulose nanofibers is preferably 250 to 500%, more preferably 280 to 490%, and particularly preferably 300 to 480%. If the water retention of the cellulose nanofibers is less than 250%, the dispersibility of the cellulose nanofibers deteriorates, and there is a possibility that the cellulose nanofibers cannot be uniformly mixed with other fibers such as pulp. On the other hand, when the water retention degree of the cellulose nanofibers exceeds 500%, the water retention capacity of the cellulose nanofibers themselves becomes high, and the dehydration property of the cellulose fiber slurry may deteriorate.
- the water retention of cellulose nanofibers can be adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
- the degree of water retention of cellulose nanofibers is Japan TAPPI No. It is a value measured according to 26 (2000).
- the degree of cellulose nanofiber crystallinity is preferably 95 to 50%, more preferably 90 to 60%, and particularly preferably 85 to 70%.
- the strength of the recycled resin can be reliably improved.
- the crystallinity can be arbitrarily adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
- the crystallinity of cellulose nanofibers is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 0131 (1996).
- the peak value in the pseudo particle size distribution curve of cellulose nanofibers is preferably one peak.
- the cellulose nanofibers have high uniformity of fiber length and fiber diameter, and are excellent in dehydration of the cellulose fiber slurry.
- the peak value of cellulose nanofibers is, for example, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the peak value of cellulose nanofibers can be adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
- the peak value of cellulose nanofiber is a value measured in accordance with ISO-13320 (2009). More specifically, first, the volume-based particle size distribution of the aqueous dispersion of cellulose nanofibers is examined using a particle size distribution measuring device. Next, the median diameter of the cellulose nanofibers is measured from this distribution. This median diameter is taken as the peak value.
- the pulp viscosity of the cellulose nanofibers is preferably 10.0 to 1.0 cps, more preferably 8.0 to 1.5 cps, and particularly preferably 5.0 to 2.0 cps.
- the pulp viscosity is the viscosity of the solution after dissolving cellulose in a copper ethylenediamine solution, and the larger the pulp viscosity, the higher the degree of polymerization of cellulose.
- the pulp viscosity is within the above range, while imparting dehydration to the slurry, decomposition of cellulose nanofibers can be suppressed when kneading with the recycled resin, and a sufficient reinforcing effect can be obtained.
- the pulp viscosity of cellulose nanofibers is a value measured in accordance with TAPPI T 230.
- the cellulose nanofibers obtained by defibration can be dispersed in an aqueous medium to prepare a dispersion liquid prior to mixing with other cellulose fibers.
- the total amount of the aqueous medium is water (aqueous solution).
- the aqueous medium may be another liquid that is partially compatible with water.
- the other liquid for example, lower alcohols having 3 or less carbon atoms can be used.
- the B-type viscosity of the dispersion of cellulose nanofibers (concentration 1%) is preferably 2,000 to 10 cps, more preferably 1,500 to 30 cps, and particularly preferably 1,300 to 50 cps.
- concentration 1%) is preferably 2,000 to 10 cps, more preferably 1,500 to 30 cps, and particularly preferably 1,300 to 50 cps.
- the B-type viscosity (solid content concentration 1%) of the dispersion liquid of cellulose nanofibers is a value measured in accordance with "Method for measuring liquid viscosity" of JIS-Z8803 (2011).
- the B-type viscosity is the resistance torque when the dispersion liquid is agitated, and the higher the viscosity, the more energy required for agitation.
- the content of cellulose nanofibers in the cellulose fibers is preferably less than 50% by mass, more preferably less than 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 0% by mass. On the other hand, if the content of the cellulose nanofibers exceeds 50% by mass, the cellulose nanofibers are strongly aggregated and cannot be dispersed in the recycled resin, so that the reinforcing effect may not be sufficient.
- microfiber cellulose may be used together with the cellulose nanofibers instead of the cellulose nanofibers, or preferably only the microfiber cellulose may be used.
- microfiber cellulose is larger in size than cellulose nanofibers, it is easy to disperse in recycled resin and it is easy to build a three-dimensional network.
- cellulose nanofibers are closer to single crystals than microfiber cellulose, so they have strong physical properties. Can be expected to have a high reinforcing effect on the recycled resin. When using both, it is desirable to mix in the above ratio
- Microfiber cellulose means fibers having a larger average fiber diameter than cellulose nanofibers. Specifically, for example, it is 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the average fiber diameter of the microfiber cellulose is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it is no different from that of cellulose nanofibers, and the effect of improving the strength (particularly flexural modulus) of the recycled resin cannot be sufficiently obtained. In addition, the defibration time becomes long and a large amount of energy is required. Further, the dehydration property of the cellulose fiber slurry is deteriorated. When the dehydration property deteriorates, when it is dried after being mixed with a dispersant, a large amount of energy is required for the drying, and if a large amount of energy is applied to the drying, the microfiber cellulose may be thermally deteriorated and the strength may be reduced. .. On the other hand, if the average fiber diameter of the microfiber cellulose exceeds 15 ⁇ m, it is no different from that of pulp, and the reinforcing effect may not be sufficient.
- Microfiber cellulose can be obtained by defibrating (miniaturizing) the raw material pulp.
- the same pulp as the cellulose nanofiber can be used, and it is preferable to use the same pulp as the cellulose nanofiber.
- the raw material pulp of microfiber cellulose can be pretreated and defibrated in the same manner as in the case of cellulose nanofibers.
- the degree of defibration is different, and for example, it is necessary to carry out in a range where the average fiber diameter remains 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the differences from the case of cellulose nanofibers will be mainly described.
- the average fiber length (average length of single fibers) of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 0.02 to 3.0 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 2.0 mm, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm. is there. If the average fiber length is less than 0.02 mm, a three-dimensional network of fibers cannot be formed, and the reinforcing effect of the recycled resin may be reduced.
- the average fiber length can be arbitrarily adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, defibration, etc.
- the fiber length of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 0.2 mm or less, preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and particularly preferably 75% or more. If the ratio is less than 60%, the reinforcing effect of the recycled resin may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, the fiber length of the microfiber cellulose has no upper limit of the ratio of 0.2 mm or less, and may be all 0.2 mm or less.
- the aspect ratio of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 2 to 5,000, more preferably 100 to 1,000.
- the aspect ratio is a value obtained by dividing the average fiber length by the average fiber width. It is considered that the larger the aspect ratio, the more places in the recycled resin that are caught, so that the reinforcing effect is improved, but on the other hand, the more caught, the lower the ductility of the recycled resin. It should be noted that when an inorganic filler is kneaded with a recycled resin, it is known that the larger the aspect ratio of the filler, the higher the bending strength, but the elongation is significantly reduced.
- the fibrillation rate of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 1.0 to 30.0%, more preferably 1.5 to 20.0%, and particularly preferably 2.0 to 15.0%. If the fibrillation rate exceeds 30.0%, the contact area with water becomes too large, so even if the average fiber width can be defibrated within the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, dehydration may become difficult. There is. On the other hand, if the fibrillation rate is less than 1.0%, there are few hydrogen bonds between the fibrils, and there is a risk that a strong three-dimensional network cannot be formed.
- the crystallinity of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 60% or more. If the crystallinity is less than 50%, the mixability with pulp and cellulose nanofibers is improved, but the strength of the fibers themselves is lowered, so that the strength may not be guaranteed.
- the crystallinity of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 90% or less, more preferably 88% or less, and particularly preferably 86% or less.
- the crystallinity exceeds 90%, the ratio of strong hydrogen bonds in the molecule increases, the fiber itself becomes rigid, and the redispersibility becomes inferior.
- microfiber cellulose The crystallinity of microfiber cellulose can be arbitrarily adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, and micronization treatment.
- the pulp viscosity of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 2 cps or more, and more preferably 4 cps or more. If the pulp viscosity is less than 2 cps, the aggregation of microfiber cellulose may not be sufficiently suppressed.
- the freeness of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 500 cc or less, more preferably 300 cc or less, and particularly preferably 100 cc or less. If the freeness of the microfiber cellulose exceeds 500 cc, the average fiber diameter of the microfiber cellulose exceeds 10 ⁇ m, and there is a possibility that the effect on strength cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- microfiber cellulose The water retention of microfiber cellulose can be arbitrarily adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
- the content of microfiber cellulose in the cellulose fibers is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 100% by mass. If the content of the microfiber cellulose is less than 50% by mass, the content of the cellulose nanofibers will be relatively increased, and the effect of containing the microfiber cellulose may not be obtained.
- microfiber cellulose The method for measuring various physical properties of microfiber cellulose is the same as that for cellulose nanofibers, unless otherwise stated.
- slurry Cellulose fibers containing fine fibers are dispersed in an aqueous medium to form a dispersion liquid (slurry), if necessary. It is particularly preferable that the total amount of the aqueous medium is water, but an aqueous medium which is another liquid which is partially compatible with water can also be used. As the other liquid, lower alcohols having 3 or less carbon atoms can be used.
- the solid content concentration of the slurry is preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0% by mass. If the solid content concentration is less than 0.5% by mass, excessive energy may be required for dehydration and drying. On the other hand, if the solid content concentration exceeds 5.0% by mass, the fluidity of the slurry itself may decrease and the dispersant may not be uniformly mixed.
- a dispersant can also be mixed with the cellulose fiber slurry.
- the dispersant at least one or more additives selected from polybasic acids, derivatives of polybasic acids, polybasic salts, and derivatives of polybasic acids can be added.
- the additive such as polybasic acid include oxalic acid, phthalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, adipic acid, tartaric acid, glutamic acid, sebacic acid, hexafluorosilicate, maleic acid, and itaconic acid.
- Citric acid, citric acid, etc. one or more can be selected and used.
- the amount is at least one of phthalic acid, phthalates and derivatives of these (phthalates).
- phthalates derivatives include phthalic acid, potassium hydrogen phthalate, sodium hydrogen phthalate, sodium phthalate, ammonium phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, and dinormal hexyl phthalate. , Dioctyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, ditriisodecyl phthalate and the like. It is preferable to use phthalic acid, and more preferably phthalates.
- the above-mentioned polybasic acid salts suppress coloring of the obtained resin composition and suppress foaming at high temperatures. Further, the polybasic acid salts are easily compatible with both cellulose and the regenerated resin, and the reinforcing effect of the regenerated resin can be further improved. Therefore, the fine fibers are surely dispersed (redispersed) in the regenerated resin when the fine fibers and the regenerated resin are kneaded. Will come to do.
- the above dispersant also has a role of improving the compatibility of the fine fibers and the recycled resin. In this respect as well, the dispersibility of the fine fibers in the recycled resin is improved. Therefore, the dispersant can also be called a phase solvent.
- Cellulose fibers can also be modified. For example, oxidation, etherification, subphosphorylation, esterification, silane coupling, fluorination, cationization, carbamate formation and the like can be mentioned.
- carbamate treatment is suitable because it has excellent dispersion and affinity with the resin.
- a phase solvent drug
- the cellulose fiber and the dispersant are mixed in advance. In this form, the chemicals are more uniformly attached to the cellulose fibers, and the effect of improving the compatibility with the recycled resin is higher.
- polypropylene has a melting point of 160 ° C. Therefore, it is preferable to knead the cellulose fiber and the recycled resin at about 180 ° C.
- a dispersant liquid
- a master batch composite resin having a high concentration such as CNF
- recycled resins with a low melting point generally have low strength. Therefore, according to this method, the strength of the composite resin may decrease.
- the mixing amount of the dispersant is preferably 0.1 to 1,000 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 500 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cellulose fiber. If the blending ratio of the polybasic acid salts is less than 0.1 parts by mass, a sufficient reinforcing effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the compounding ratio of the polybasic acid salts exceeds 1,000 parts by mass, the reinforcing effect reaches a plateau.
- the mixing of the dispersant improves the reinforcing effect of the recycled resin by the cellulose fibers.
- the dispersant must be hydrophilic (has a hydrophilic group) due to the presence of the cellulose fibers, and in this respect, it also has an aspect of reducing the strength of the regenerated resin. Also, the dispersant may be exposed to the surface over time. Therefore, it is a great advantage that the mixing amount of the dispersant can be reduced.
- Fiber cellulose used in production is obtained by beating (defibrating) raw material fibers (pulp fibers).
- the raw material fiber one or more kinds can be selected and used from plant-derived fiber, animal-derived fiber, microorganism-derived fiber and the like. In particular, from the viewpoint of low cost and thermal recycling, it is preferable to use plant-derived pulp fiber as the raw material fiber.
- the method of making the first mixture also includes a method of kneading at least one of a resin powder and a resin pellet into a cellulose fiber to make a mixture. Then, a kneading method of kneading this mixture with a recycled resin can be mentioned.
- a kneading method of kneading this mixture with a recycled resin can be mentioned.
- at least one of the resin powder and the resin pellets is mixed with the cellulose fiber slurry to obtain a first mixture (the first mixture of the claims), and the recycled resin is added to the first mixture.
- a kneading method in which the second mixture is mixed to obtain a second mixture (the second mixture of the claims) and the second mixture is kneaded can be mentioned.
- the mixing ratio of at least one of the resin powder and the resin pellets and the recycled resin should be as follows.
- the lower limit of blending at least one of the resin powder and the resin pellet with respect to 50 parts by mass of the recycled resin is more than 0 parts by mass, preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 30 parts by mass or more.
- the upper limit of blending is 100 parts by mass or less, preferably 90 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 50 parts by mass or less. If the blending ratio of at least one of the resin powder and the resin pellet is 0, the strength inherent in the virgin resin is not provided in the cellulose fiber composite recycled resin that is finally obtained, and the desired strength cannot be obtained. Further, when the upper limit of the blending ratio exceeds 100 parts by mass, the ratio of the regenerated resin in the finally obtained cellulose fiber composite regenerated resin becomes too small, and there is little merit in recycling the regenerated resin.
- the blending ratio of the resin powder and the resin pellets is not particularly limited and may be as described below.
- Amount of resin powder: Amount of resin pellets a: 100-a However, a is a number of 0 or more and 100 or less.
- At least one of the resin powder and the resin pellet and the recycled resin may or may not be the same type of resin.
- polyethylene can be used for the resin powder
- phenol resin can be used for the resin pellets
- a hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer can be used for the recycled resin.
- polycarbonate resin can be used for each of the resin powder, the resin pellet, and the recycled resin. It is preferable that all of the resin powder, the resin pellet, and the recycled resin are of the same type because the chemical physical characteristics (melting point, molecular composition, etc.) are almost the same and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- type refers to a type of resin, for example, a resin selected from resins classified into thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins described later.
- At least one of the resin powder and the resin pellets and the mixture of the cellulose fibers are dried and pulverized before being kneaded with the recycled resin to form a powder. According to this form, it is not necessary to dry the cellulose fibers when kneading with the regenerated resin, and the thermal efficiency is good. Further, since the dispersant is mixed in the mixture, even if the mixture is dried, there is a low possibility that the fine fibers will not be redispersed.
- hydrophobic chemical denaturation When mixing cellulose fiber and resin powder, chemicals can be mixed to hydrophobically chemically modify the cellulose fiber.
- examples of the method of hydrophobic chemical denaturation include esterification, etherification, amidation, and sulfidation.
- hydrophobic chemical modification by esterification is preferable.
- Hydrophobic chemical denaturation increases the strength of the final part.
- Known chemicals can be appropriately used to esterify cellulose fibers, and for example, polybasic acids, polybasic salts, derivatives of polybasic acids, derivatives of polybasic acids, and anhydrides of these substances. It is preferable to use at least one or more substances selected from the above.
- phthalic acid, phthalates, derivatives of phthalates, derivatives of phthalates, and at least one or more substances selected from these anhydrides can be mentioned.
- polybasic anhydride include maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, and citric acid anhydride, and one or more of these can be selected and used. Good. Maleic anhydride is preferably used, and phthalic anhydride is more preferable.
- the mixture is dehydrated to dehydrate prior to drying.
- dehydrators such as belt presses, screw presses, filter presses, twin rolls, twin wire formers, valveless filters, center disk filters, membrane treatments, and centrifuges. Can be done using.
- the drying of the mixture is, for example, rotary kiln drying, disk drying, air flow drying, medium flow drying, spray drying, drum drying, screw conveyor drying, paddle drying, uniaxial kneading drying, multiaxial kneading drying, vacuum drying, stirring drying. It can be carried out by selectively using one type or two or more types from the above.
- the dried mixture (dried product) is crushed into powder.
- the pulverization of the dried product can be carried out by selecting or using one or more of, for example, a bead mill, a kneader, a disper, a twist mill, a cut mill, a hammer mill and the like.
- the average particle size of the powder is preferably 1,000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 800 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 600 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle size of the powdery substance exceeds 1,000 ⁇ m, the kneadability with the recycled resin may be inferior. However, it is not economical because a large amount of energy is required to reduce the average particle size of the powder to less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the powdery substance can be controlled by classification using a classification device such as a filter or a cyclone.
- the bulk specific gravity of the mixture (powder) is preferably 0.03 to 1.0, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8.
- the bulk specific gravity exceeds 1.0, the bonds between the cellulose fibers are stronger and it is not easy to disperse them in the recycled resin.
- setting the bulk specific gravity to less than 0.03 is disadvantageous in terms of transfer cost.
- the bulk specific gravity is a value measured according to JIS K7365.
- the water content of the mixture (powder) is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and particularly preferably 10% or less. If the water content exceeds 50%, the energy required for kneading with the recycled resin becomes enormous, which is uneconomical.
- the water content of the fiber is a value calculated by the following formula, with the mass at the time when the sample is held at 105 ° C. for 6 hours or more at 105 ° C. and no change in mass is observed using a constant temperature dryer as the mass after drying.
- Fiber moisture content (%) [(mass before drying-mass after drying) / mass before drying] x 100
- the powdery substance obtained as described above is kneaded with a recycled resin to obtain a cellulose fiber composite recycled resin.
- This kneading can be performed by, for example, a method of mixing the pellet-shaped recycled resin and the powdery substance, or a method of first melting the recycled resin and adding the powdery substance to the melted product.
- the resin used for each of the resin powder, the recycled resin, and the virgin resin may be a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), polyester resins such as aliphatic polyester resins and aromatic polyester resins, polyacrylic resins such as polystyrene, methacrylate and acrylate, and polyamide resins.
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- polyester resins such as aliphatic polyester resins and aromatic polyester resins
- polyacrylic resins such as polystyrene, methacrylate and acrylate
- polyamide resins One kind or two or more kinds can be selected and used from the polycarbonate resin, the polyacetal resin and the like.
- polyester resin examples of the aliphatic polyester resin include polylactic acid and polycaprolactone, and examples of the aromatic polyester resin include polyethylene terephthalate, which are biodegradable. It is preferable to use a polyester resin having (also referred to simply as "biodegradable resin").
- biodegradable resin for example, one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acid-based aliphatic polyester, caprolactone-based aliphatic polyester, dibasic acid polyester and the like can be selected and used.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid-based aliphatic polyester for example, a homopolymer of hydroxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid, malic acid, glucose acid, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and at least one of these hydroxycarboxylic acids are used together.
- hydroxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid, malic acid, glucose acid, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid
- polylactic acid a copolymer of lactic acid and the above-mentioned hydroxycarboxylic acid excluding lactic acid, polycaprolactone, or a copolymer of at least one of the above-mentioned hydroxycarboxylic acids and caprolactone, and polylactic acid is used. It is particularly preferred to use.
- lactic acid for example, L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid, etc. can be used, and these lactic acids may be used alone or two or more kinds may be selected and used.
- caprolactone-based aliphatic polyester for example, one or more can be selected and used from a homopolymer of polycaprolactone, a copolymer of polycaprolactone and the like and the above-mentioned hydroxycarboxylic acid, and the like. ..
- dibasic acid polyester for example, one or more of polybutylene succinate, polyethylene succinate, polybutylene adipate and the like can be selected and used.
- the biodegradable resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- thermosetting resin examples include phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, furan resin, unsaturated polyester, diallyl phthalate resin, vinyl ester resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, silicone resin, thermosetting polyimide resin and the like. Can be used. These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resin powder, the recycled resin, and the virgin resin may preferably contain an inorganic filler in a proportion that does not interfere with thermal recycling.
- Examples of the inorganic filler include simple substances and oxidation of metal elements in Groups I to VIII of the Periodic Table, such as Fe, Na, K, Cu, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ba, Al, Ti, and silicon elements. Examples thereof include substances, hydroxides, carbon salts, sulfates, silicates, sulfites, and various clay minerals composed of these compounds.
- aluminum, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, clay walastonite, glass beads, glass powder, silica sand, silica stone, quartz powder, diatomaceous earth, white carbon, glass fiber, etc. be able to.
- a plurality of these inorganic fillers may be contained. Further, it may be contained in waste paper pulp.
- the blending ratio of the cellulose fiber and the recycled resin is preferably 1 part by mass or more for the cellulose fiber and 80 parts by mass or less for the recycled resin, and 2 parts by mass or more for the cellulose fiber and 75 parts by mass or less for the recycled resin. More preferably, the amount of cellulose fiber is 3 parts by mass or more, and the amount of recycled resin is 70 parts by mass or less.
- the cellulose fiber is preferably 10 parts by mass or less
- the recycled resin is preferably 30 parts by mass or more
- the cellulose fiber is 9 parts by mass or less
- the recycled resin is more preferably 40 parts by mass or more
- the cellulose fiber is 8 parts by mass. It is particularly preferable that the amount of the recycled resin is 50 parts by mass or less.
- the strength of the cellulose fiber composite recycled resin particularly the bending strength and the tensile elastic modulus can be remarkably improved.
- the content ratio of the cellulose fiber and the regenerated resin contained in the finally obtained composite regenerated resin composition is usually the same as the above-mentioned compounding ratio of the cellulose fiber and the regenerated resin.
- the composition of the composite recycled resin includes kenaf, jute hemp, Manila hemp, sisal hemp, ganpi, sansho, ⁇ , banana, pineapple, coco palm, corn, sugar cane, bagasse, palm, papyrus. , Reeds, Espart, Survivalgrass, Wheat, Rice, bamboo, Various conifers (Sugi and Hinoki, etc.), Broadleaf trees, Cotton, etc. It is also possible to include fibers derived from plant materials obtained from various plants. You may.
- composition of the composite recycled resin for example, one or more of antistatic agents, flame retardants, antibacterial agents, colorants, radical scavengers, foaming agents, etc. are selected to achieve the effects of the present invention. It can be added as long as it does not inhibit.
- These raw materials may be added to the dispersion of cellulose fibers, added at the time of kneading the mixture and the regenerated resin, added to these kneaded products, or added by other methods. However, from the viewpoint of production efficiency, it is preferable to add it at the time of kneading the mixture and the recycled resin.
- the mixture and the kneaded product of the recycled resin can be formed into a desired shape after being kneaded again if necessary.
- the size, thickness, shape, etc. of this molding are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, sheet-shaped, pellet-shaped, powder-shaped, fibrous-shaped, or the like.
- the temperature during the molding process is equal to or higher than the glass transition point of the recycled resin, and varies depending on the type of the recycled resin, but is, for example, 100 to 300 ° C, preferably 160 to 200 ° C.
- Molding of the kneaded product can be performed by, for example, mold molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, hollow molding, foam molding, or the like. Further, the kneaded product may be spun into a fibrous form and mixed with the above-mentioned plant material or the like to form a mat shape or a board shape.
- the mixed fiber can be produced by, for example, a method of simultaneously depositing with an air ray.
- an apparatus for molding the kneaded product for example, one or two of injection molding machines, blow molding machines, hollow molding machines, blow molding machines, compression molding machines, extrusion molding machines, vacuum molding machines, pressure molding machines and the like. More than a species can be selected and used.
- the above molding can be performed after kneading, or the kneaded product is once cooled and made into chips by using a crusher or the like, and then the chips are put into a molding machine such as an extrusion molding machine or an injection molding machine. You can also do it.
- a molding machine such as an extrusion molding machine or an injection molding machine. You can also do it.
- molding is not an essential requirement of the present invention.
- the polypropylene pellets described below are resins containing unrecycled polypropylene as the main component.
- the polypropylene powder is a powder of this polypropylene.
- Example 1 To 384 g of a microfiber cellulose aqueous dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2.6% by mass, 11 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate and 76 g of polypropylene powder having an average particle diameter of 136 ⁇ m were added, and the mixture was heated and dried at 105 ° C. to obtain a fine cellulose fiber mixture. Got The water content of this fine cellulose fiber mixture was less than 10%. The microfiber cellulose used at this time had an average fiber length of 0.17 mm. (2) 3 g of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (MAPP) was mixed with this fine cellulose fiber mixture and then kneaded using a twin-screw kneader at 180 ° C.
- MAPP maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene
- microfiber cellulose composite resin was cut with a pelleter to obtain columnar (diameter 2 mm, height 2 mm) microfiber cellulose composite resin pellets.
- a rectangular parallelepiped test piece (length 59 mm, width 9.6 mm, thickness 3.8 mm) obtained by cutting this kneaded product with a pelleter to form a columnar shape (diameter 2 mm, height 2 mm) at 180 ° C. It was injection molded into.
- Example 2 (1) To 192 g of a microfiber cellulose aqueous dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2.6% by mass, 5.5 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate, 38 g of polypropylene powder having an average particle diameter of 136 ⁇ m, and 50 g of recycled resin are added, and the mixture is heated and dried at 105 ° C. A fine cellulose fiber mixture was obtained. The water content of this fine cellulose fiber mixture was less than 10%. (2) 1.5 g of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene was mixed with this fine cellulose fiber mixture and then kneaded at 180 ° C. and 200 rpm using a twin-screw kneader to obtain a microfiber cellulose composite resin.
- This microfiber cellulose composite resin was cut with a pelleter to form a columnar shape (diameter 2 mm, height 2 mm), which was heated to 180 ° C. to form a rectangular parallelepiped test piece (length 59 mm, width 9.6 mm, thickness 3). It was injection molded to 0.8 mm).
- Example 3 (1) In 192 g of an aqueous dispersion of microfiber cellulose having a solid content concentration of 2.6% by mass, 5.5 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate, 28 g of polypropylene powder having an average particle diameter of 136 ⁇ m, 50 g of recycled resin, and 10 g of polypropylene pellets having an average particle diameter of 3 mm. Was added and dried by heating at 105 ° C. to obtain a fine cellulose fiber mixture. The water content of this fine cellulose fiber mixture was less than 10%. (2) 1.5 g of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene was mixed with this fine cellulose fiber mixture and then kneaded at 180 ° C.
- microfiber cellulose composite resin was cut with a pelleter to form a columnar shape (diameter 2 mm, height 2 mm), which was heated to 180 ° C. to form a rectangular parallelepiped test piece (length 59 mm, width 9.6 mm, thickness 3). It was injection molded to 0.8 mm).
- Example 4 To 192 g of a microfiber cellulose aqueous dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2.6% by mass, 5.5 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate, 18 g of polypropylene powder, 50 g of recycled resin, and 20 g of polypropylene pellets were added, and the mixture was heated and dried at 105 ° C. , A fine cellulose fiber mixture was obtained. The water content of this fine cellulose fiber mixture was less than 10%. (2) 1.5 g of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene was mixed with this fine cellulose fiber mixture and then kneaded at 180 ° C. and 200 rpm using a twin-screw kneader to obtain a microfiber cellulose composite resin.
- This microfiber cellulose composite resin was cut with a pelleter to form a columnar shape (diameter 2 mm, height 2 mm), which was heated to 180 ° C. to form a rectangular parallelepiped test piece (length 59 mm, width 9.6 mm, thickness 3). It was injection molded to 0.8 mm).
- Example 5 To 192 g of a microfiber cellulose aqueous dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2.6% by mass, 5.5 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate, 8 g of polypropylene powder, 50 g of recycled resin, and 30 g of polypropylene pellets were added, and the mixture was heated and dried at 105 ° C. , A fine cellulose fiber mixture was obtained. The water content of this fine cellulose fiber mixture was less than 10%. (2) 1.5 g of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene was mixed with this fine cellulose fiber mixture and then kneaded at 180 ° C. and 200 rpm using a twin-screw kneader to obtain a microfiber cellulose composite resin.
- This microfiber cellulose composite resin was cut with a pelleter to form a columnar shape (diameter 2 mm, height 2 mm), which was heated to 180 ° C. to form a rectangular parallelepiped test piece (length 59 mm, width 9.6 mm, thickness 3). It was injection molded to 0.8 mm).
- Example 6 To 192 g of a microfiber cellulose aqueous dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2.6% by mass, 5.5 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate, 50 g of recycled resin, and 38 g of polypropylene pellets were added, and the mixture was heated and dried at 105 ° C. to obtain fine cellulose fibers. A mixture was obtained. The water content of this fine cellulose fiber mixture was less than 10%. (2) 1.5 g of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene was mixed with this fine cellulose fiber mixture and then kneaded at 180 ° C. and 200 rpm using a twin-screw kneader to obtain a microfiber cellulose composite resin.
- This microfiber cellulose composite resin was cut with a pelleter to form a columnar shape (diameter 2 mm, height 2 mm), which was heated to 180 ° C. to form a rectangular parallelepiped test piece (length 59 mm, width 9.6 mm, thickness 3). It was injection molded to 0.8 mm).
- Table 1 The results of the examples are shown in Table 1.
- the chemicals represent potassium hydrogen phthalate and maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene.
- the numerical value represents the blending ratio.
- the present invention can be used as a cellulose fiber composite recycled resin and a method for producing the same.
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Abstract
Description
また、近年の環境問題に対する意識の高まりから、樹脂をリサイクルして資源の有効利用を図ることが求められている。しかしながら、リサイクルされた樹脂(再生樹脂)は、紫外線や経年劣化によって強度等の品質が低下することから、十分に有効利用できているとは言い難い状況である。そこで、本発明者等は、上記提案に従って乾燥物とした微細繊維について、再生樹脂の補強材としての性能を調べるために各種試験を行った。しかるに、この試験の過程において、上記提案による乾燥物を使用した場合、得られるセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂は、強度の点で改善の余地があることが分かった。
セルロース繊維のスラリーに、樹脂粉末と樹脂ペレットとの少なくともいずれか一方を混合して第1混合物とし、
この第1混合物を再生樹脂と混練するものとし、
前記セルロース繊維の一部又は全部として微細繊維を使用する、
ことを特徴とするセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。
前記第1混合物に前記再生樹脂を混合して第2混合物とし、
この第2混合物を混錬するものとし、
前記セルロース繊維の一部又は全部として微細繊維を使用する、
ことを特徴とするセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。
第1の態様又は第2の態様に加え、
前記再生樹脂50質量部に対して、
前記樹脂粉末と前記樹脂ペレットとの少なくともいずれか一方が0質量部を超え、100質量部以下とする、
態様を挙げることができる。
第1の態様又は第2の態様に加え、
前記樹脂粉末の平均粒子径が1~1500μmである、
態様を挙げることができる。
第1の態様又は第2の態様に加え、
前記樹脂ペレットの平均粒子径が1~10mmである、
態様を挙げることができる。
第1の態様又は第2の態様に加え、
前記樹脂粉末と前記樹脂ペレットとの少なくともいずれか一方の成分と、
前記再生樹脂の成分とが同一である、
態様を挙げることができる。
第1の態様又は第2の態様に加え、
さらに、
多塩基酸、多塩基酸塩類、多塩基酸の誘導体、及び多塩基酸塩類の誘導体の中から選択された少なくともいずれか1種以上の物質を前記スラリーに混合する、
態様を挙げることができる。
第1の態様又は第2の態様に加え、
さらに、
フタル酸、フタル酸塩類、フタル酸の誘導体、及びフタル酸塩類の誘導体の中から選択された少なくともいずれか1種以上の物質を前記スラリーに混合する、
態様を挙げることができる。
第1の態様に加え、
前記第1混合物を乾燥及び粉砕して粉状物としてから前記再生樹脂と混錬するものとする、
態様を挙げることができる。
平均繊維長0.02~3mmであるマイクロ繊維セルロースと、
樹脂粉末と樹脂ペレットとの少なくともいずれか一方と、
フタル酸、フタル酸塩類、フタル酸の誘導体、及びフタル酸塩類の誘導体の中から選択された少なくともいずれか1種以上の物質と、の混合物と、
再生樹脂とを含む、
ことを特徴とするセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂。
本形態のセルロース繊維は、その一部又は全部として微細繊維を含む。微細繊維としては、セルロースナノファイバー及びマイクロ繊維セルロースの少なくともいずれか一方を、好ましくは、マイクロ繊維セルロースを含む。
まず、固形分濃度0.01~0.1質量%のセルロースナノファイバーの水分散液100mlをテフロン(登録商標)製メンブレンフィルターでろ過し、エタノール100mlで1回、t-ブタノール20mlで3回溶媒置換する。次に、凍結乾燥し、オスミウムコーティングして試料とする。この試料について、構成する繊維の幅に応じて3,000倍~30,000倍のいずれかの倍率で電子顕微鏡SEM画像による観察を行う。具体的には、観察画像に二本の対角線を引き、対角線の交点を通過する直線を任意に三本引く。さらに、この三本の直線と交錯する合計100本の繊維の幅を目視で計測する。そして、計測値の中位径を平均繊維径とする。
本形態においては、微細繊維として、セルロースナノファイバーに換えて、セルロースナノファイバーと共にマイクロ繊維セルロースを使用したり、好ましくはマイクロ繊維セルロースのみを使用したりしてもよい。
微細繊維を含むセルロース繊維は、必要により、水系媒体中に分散して分散液(スラリー)にする。水系媒体は、全量が水であるのが特に好ましいが、一部が水と相溶性を有する他の液体である水系媒体も使用することができる。他の液体としては、炭素数3以下の低級アルコール類等を使用することができる。
セルロース繊維のスラリーには、分散剤を混合することもできる。分散剤としては、多塩基酸、多塩基酸の誘導体、多塩基酸塩類、及び多塩基酸塩類の誘導体の中から選択された少なくともいずれか1種以上の添加剤を添加することができる。この多塩基酸等の添加剤としては、例えば、シュウ酸類、フタル酸類、マロン酸類、コハク酸類、グルタル酸類、アジピン酸類、酒石酸類、グルタミン酸類、セバシン酸類、ヘキサフルオロケイ酸類、マレイン酸類、イタコン酸類、シトラコン酸類、クエン酸類等の中から1種又は2種以上を選択して使用することができる。だだし、フタル酸、フタル酸塩類及びこれら(フタル酸類)の誘導体の少なくともいずれか1種以上であるのが好ましい。フタル酸類(誘導体)としては、フタル酸、フタル酸水素カリウム、フタル酸水素ナトリウム、フタル酸ナトリウム、フタル酸アンモニウム、フタル酸ジメチル、フタル酸ジエチル、フタル酸ジアリル、フタル酸ジイソブチル、フタル酸ジノルマルヘキシル、フタル酸ジオクチル、フタル酸ジイソノニル、フタル酸ジイソデシル、フタル酸ジトリイソデシル等が挙げられる。好適にはフタル酸、より好適にはフタル酸塩類を使用するのが好ましい。特に上記の多塩基酸塩類は得られる樹脂組成物の着色が抑えられ、高温での発泡も抑えられる。また、多塩基酸塩類はセルロースと再生樹脂の両方と馴染み易く、再生樹脂の補強効果をさらに向上できるしたがって、微細繊維及び再生樹脂の混練に際して微細繊維が再生樹脂中において確実に分散(再分散)するようになる。加えて、以上の分散剤は、微細繊維及び再生樹脂の相溶性を向上させる役割も有する。この点でも、微細繊維の再生樹脂中における分散性が向上する。したがって、分散剤は、相溶剤ということもできる。
セルロース繊維は変性することも可能である。例えば、酸化、エーテル化、亜リン酸化、エステル化、シランカップリング、フッ素化、カチオン化、カルバメート化等が挙げられる。特にカルバメート化処理は、樹脂との分散、親和性に優れ、好適である。
なお、セルロース繊維及び再生樹脂の混練に際して、別途、相溶剤(薬剤)を添加することも考えられるが、この段階で薬剤を添加するよりも、予めセルロース繊維と分散剤(薬剤)を混合している本形態の方が、セルロース繊維に対する薬剤の纏わりつきが均一になり、再生樹脂との相溶性向上効果が高くなる。
製造に用いられる繊維セルロースは原料繊維(パルプ繊維)を叩解(解繊)処理して得られる。原料繊維は、植物由来の繊維、動物由来の繊維、微生物由来の繊維等の中から1種又は2種以上を選択して使用することができる。特に、安価、サーマルリサイクルの観点から植物由来のパルプ繊維を原料繊維に使用するのが好ましい。
樹脂粉末量:樹脂ペレット量=a:100-a
ただし、aは0以上100以下の数とする。
一例に、樹脂粉末量:樹脂ペレット量=0:100、10:90、50:50、90:10、100:0とすることができる。
(SP値の差)=(セルロース繊維のSPMFC値)―(再生樹脂のSPPOL値)
繊維水分率(%)=[(乾燥前質量-乾燥後質量)÷乾燥前質量]×100
複合再生樹脂の組成物には、以上の微細繊維やパルプ等のほか、ケナフ、ジュート麻、マニラ麻、サイザル麻、雁皮、三椏、楮、バナナ、パイナップル、ココヤシ、トウモロコシ、サトウキビ、バガス、ヤシ、パピルス、葦、エスパルト、サバイグラス、麦、稲、竹、各種針葉樹(スギ及びヒノキ等)、広葉樹及び綿花などの各種植物体から得られた植物材料に由来する繊維を含ませることもでき、含まれていてもよい。
混合物及び再生樹脂の混練物は、必要により再度混練する等した後、所望の形状に成形することができる。この成形の大きさや厚さ、形状等は、特に限定されず、例えば、シート状、ペレット状、粉末状、繊維状等とすることができる。
(1)固形分濃度2.6質量%のマイクロ繊維セルロース水分散液384gに、フタル酸水素カリウム11g、平均粒子径136μmのポリプロピレン粉末76gを添加し、105℃で加熱乾燥し、微細セルロース繊維混合物を得た。この微細セルロース繊維混合物の含水率は10%未満であった。この時使用したマイクロ繊維セルロースは、平均繊維長0.17mm、であった。
(2)この微細セルロース繊維混合物に無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン(MAPP)3gを混合後、二軸混錬機を用いて180℃、200rpmの条件で混錬し、マイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂を得た。
(3)このマイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂をペレッターで切断し、円柱状(径2mm、高さ2mm)のマイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂ペレットを得た。
(4)マイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂ペレットと再生樹脂とを、マイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂ペレット:再生樹脂=1:1の比率で二軸混錬機を用いて180℃、200rpmの条件で混錬して混錬物を得た。
(5)この混錬物をペレッターで切断し、円柱状(径2mm、高さ2mm)としたものを180℃にして直方体試験片(長さ59mm、幅9.6mm、厚さ3.8mm)に射出成型した。
(1)固形分濃度2.6質量%のマイクロ繊維セルロース水分散液192gに、フタル酸水素カリウム5.5g、平均粒子径136μmのポリプロピレン粉末38g、再生樹脂50gを添加し、105℃で加熱乾燥し、微細セルロース繊維混合物を得た。この微細セルロース繊維混合物の含水率は10%未満であった。
(2)この微細セルロース繊維混合物に無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン1.5gを混合後、二軸混錬機を用いて180℃、200rpmの条件で混錬し、マイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂を得た。
(3)このマイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂をペレッターで切断し、円柱状(径2mm、高さ2mm)としたものを、180℃にして直方体試験片(長さ59mm、幅9.6mm、厚さ3.8mm)に射出成型した。
(1)固形分濃度2.6質量%のマイクロ繊維セルロース水分散液192gに、フタル酸水素カリウム5.5g、平均粒子径136μmのポリプロピレン粉末28g、再生樹脂50g、平均粒子径3mmのポリプロピレンペレット10gを添加し、105℃で加熱乾燥し、微細セルロース繊維混合物を得た。この微細セルロース繊維混合物の含水率は10%未満であった。
(2)この微細セルロース繊維混合物に無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン1.5gを混合後、二軸混錬機を用いて180℃、200rpmの条件で混錬し、マイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂を得た。
(3)このマイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂をペレッターで切断し、円柱状(径2mm、高さ2mm)としたものを、180℃にして直方体試験片(長さ59mm、幅9.6mm、厚さ3.8mm)に射出成型した。
(1)固形分濃度2.6質量%のマイクロ繊維セルロース水分散液192gに、フタル酸水素カリウム5.5g、ポリプロピレン粉末18g、再生樹脂50g、ポリプロピレンペレット20gを添加し、105℃で加熱乾燥し、微細セルロース繊維混合物を得た。この微細セルロース繊維混合物の含水率は10%未満であった。
(2)この微細セルロース繊維混合物に無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン1.5gを混合後、二軸混錬機を用いて180℃、200rpmの条件で混錬し、マイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂を得た。
(3)このマイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂をペレッターで切断し、円柱状(径2mm、高さ2mm)としたものを、180℃にして直方体試験片(長さ59mm、幅9.6mm、厚さ3.8mm)に射出成型した。
(1)固形分濃度2.6質量%のマイクロ繊維セルロース水分散液192gに、フタル酸水素カリウム5.5g、ポリプロピレン粉末8g、再生樹脂50g、ポリプロピレンペレット30gを添加し、105℃で加熱乾燥し、微細セルロース繊維混合物を得た。この微細セルロース繊維混合物の含水率は10%未満であった。
(2)この微細セルロース繊維混合物に無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン1.5gを混合後、二軸混錬機を用いて180℃、200rpmの条件で混錬し、マイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂を得た。
(3)このマイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂をペレッターで切断し、円柱状(径2mm、高さ2mm)としたものを、180℃にして直方体試験片(長さ59mm、幅9.6mm、厚さ3.8mm)に射出成型した。
(1)固形分濃度2.6質量%のマイクロ繊維セルロース水分散液192gに、フタル酸水素カリウム5.5g、再生樹脂50g、ポリプロピレンペレット38gを添加し、105℃で加熱乾燥し、微細セルロース繊維混合物を得た。この微細セルロース繊維混合物の含水率は10%未満であった。
(2)この微細セルロース繊維混合物に無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン1.5gを混合後、二軸混錬機を用いて180℃、200rpmの条件で混錬し、マイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂を得た。
(3)このマイクロ繊維セルロース複合樹脂をペレッターで切断し、円柱状(径2mm、高さ2mm)としたものを、180℃にして直方体試験片(長さ59mm、幅9.6mm、厚さ3.8mm)に射出成型した。
(1)再生樹脂50g、ポリプロピレンペレット50gの混合物を二軸混錬機を用いて180℃、200rpmの条件で混錬し、再生樹脂とポリプロピレンからなる複合樹脂を得た。
(2)この複合樹脂をペレッターで切断し、円柱状(径2mm、高さ2mm)としたものを、180℃にして直方体試験片(長さ59mm、幅9.6mm、厚さ3.8mm)に射出成型した。
各セルロースナノファイバー複合樹脂を曲げ試験片に成形し、この成形物について曲げ弾性率を調べた。曲げ弾性率は、JIS K7171:2008に準拠して測定した。
再生樹脂の曲げ弾性率を1とした場合の、セルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の曲げ弾性率(倍率)が1.4倍以上であれば、曲げ試験評価を「〇」と評価した。
再生樹脂の曲げ弾性率を1とした場合の、セルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の曲げ弾性率(倍率)が1.2倍以上、1.4倍未満であれば、曲げ試験評価を「△」と評価した。
再生樹脂の曲げ弾性率を1とした場合の、セルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の曲げ弾性率(倍率)が1.2倍未満であれば、曲げ試験評価を「×」と評価した。
・繊維分析について、数平均繊維径と繊維長0.2mm以下の割合は、バルメット社製の繊維分析計「FS5」により測定した。
・結晶化度について、セルロース繊維は、非晶質部分と結晶質部分とを有し、結晶化度は、セルロース繊維全体(非晶質部分と結晶質部分の合計)に占める晶質部分の割合を意味する。
・マイクロ繊維セルロースのパルプ粘度は、JIS P 8215(1998)に準拠して測定した。パルプ粘度が高いほどマイクロ繊維セルロースの重合度が高いということができる。
・フリーネスは、JIS P 8121-2:2012に準拠して測定した。
・平均粒子径は、JIS Z8825:2013に準拠して測定することができる。
Claims (10)
- セルロース繊維のスラリーに、樹脂粉末と樹脂ペレットとの少なくともいずれか一方を混合して第1混合物とし、
この第1混合物を再生樹脂と混練するものとし、
前記セルロース繊維の一部又は全部として微細繊維を使用する、
ことを特徴とするセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。 - 前記第1混合物に前記再生樹脂を混合して第2混合物とし、
この第2混合物を混錬するものとし、
前記セルロース繊維の一部又は全部として微細繊維を使用する、
ことを特徴とするセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。 - 前記再生樹脂50質量部に対して、
前記樹脂粉末と前記樹脂ペレットとの少なくともいずれか一方が0質量部を超え、100質量部以下とする、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載のセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。 - 前記樹脂粉末の平均粒子径が1~1500μmである、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載のセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。 - 前記樹脂ペレットの平均粒子径が1~10mmである、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載のセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。 - 前記樹脂粉末と前記樹脂ペレットとの少なくともいずれか一方の成分と、
前記再生樹脂の成分とが同一である、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載のセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。 - さらに、
多塩基酸、多塩基酸塩類、多塩基酸の誘導体、及び多塩基酸塩類の誘導体の中から選択された少なくともいずれか1種以上の物質を前記スラリーに混合する、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載のセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。 - さらに、
フタル酸、フタル酸塩類、フタル酸の誘導体、及びフタル酸塩類の誘導体の中から選択された少なくともいずれか1種以上の物質を前記スラリーに混合する、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載のセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。 - 前記第1混合物を乾燥及び粉砕して粉状物としてから前記再生樹脂と混錬するものとする、
請求項1に記載のセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂の製造方法。 - 平均繊維長0.02~3mmであるマイクロ繊維セルロースと、
樹脂粉末と樹脂ペレットとの少なくともいずれか一方と、
フタル酸、フタル酸塩類、フタル酸の誘導体、及びフタル酸塩類の誘導体の中から選択された少なくともいずれか1種以上の物質と、の混合物と、
再生樹脂とを含む、
ことを特徴とするセルロース繊維複合再生樹脂。
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