WO2020250889A1 - 冷媒サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷媒サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020250889A1 WO2020250889A1 PCT/JP2020/022690 JP2020022690W WO2020250889A1 WO 2020250889 A1 WO2020250889 A1 WO 2020250889A1 JP 2020022690 W JP2020022690 W JP 2020022690W WO 2020250889 A1 WO2020250889 A1 WO 2020250889A1
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- refrigerant
- gas
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- liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/36—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to leakage of heat-exchange fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
- F25B41/42—Arrangements for diverging or converging flows, e.g. branch lines or junctions
- F25B41/45—Arrangements for diverging or converging flows, e.g. branch lines or junctions for flow control on the upstream side of the diverging point, e.g. with spiral structure for generating turbulence
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
- F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2515—Flow valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2519—On-off valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
Definitions
- the safety shut-off valve when adopted as a safety measure, the maximum concentration at the time of refrigerant leakage in the target room (room) should be 1/4 or less of the LFL value at the time of refrigerant leakage. It is stipulated that the safety shut-off valve must be installed at an appropriate position in the refrigerant circuit to shut off. In addition, it is stipulated that the refrigerant circuit must be shut off by the signal of the detector that detects the leakage of the refrigerant.
- the safety shut-off valve is a valve that shuts off the refrigerant that leaks from the refrigerant circuit into the refrigerant leakage space when the refrigerant leaks.
- LFL Lower Flammable Limit
- the maximum concentration at the time of refrigerant leakage is a value obtained by dividing the total amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit by the volume of the space in which the refrigerant stays (the value obtained by multiplying the leakage height by the floor area).
- the safety shut-off valve is closed regardless of whether it is a gas-side safety shut-off valve (hereinafter, gas-side shut-off valve) or a liquid-side safety shut-off valve (hereinafter, liquid-side shut-off valve). It is required to keep the amount of leakage to the same amount or less.
- the gas-refrigerant connecting pipe has a larger pipe diameter than the liquid-refrigerant connecting pipe, the gas side shutoff valve diameter is also larger, and if the gap of the seal portion is constant, the peripheral length of the seal portion becomes longer, so that the gap The area becomes large.
- the refrigerant cycle device is a refrigerant cycle device that circulates a flammable refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant cycle device includes a gas-side shutoff valve, a liquid-side shutoff valve, a detection unit, and a control unit.
- the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve are provided on both sides of the first portion of the refrigerant circuit.
- the detection unit detects the leakage of the refrigerant from the first portion to the predetermined space. When the detection unit detects the leakage of the refrigerant from the first portion to the predetermined space, the control unit shuts off the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve.
- the amount of leakage when the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve are shut off is the gas phase single phase in the standard state of the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve when the differential pressure before and after the shutoff state is a predetermined pressure.
- the amount of leakage when the gas side shutoff valve is shut off is larger than the amount of leakage when the liquid side shutoff valve is shut off.
- the amount of leakage when shutting off is synonymous with the amount of leakage when closing the valve in the above guideline.
- the density of the refrigerant to be shut off is different between the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve.
- the gas side shutoff valve shuts off the gas refrigerant
- the liquid side shutoff valve shuts off the liquid refrigerant. Therefore, if the amount of leakage during shutoff of the liquid side shutoff valve is reduced, the total amount of refrigerant leakage from the first portion to the predetermined space is specified even if the amount of leakage during shutoff of the gas side shutoff valve is slightly increased. It is possible to suppress it to.
- the amount of leakage when the gas side shutoff valve is shut off is made larger than the amount of leakage when the liquid side shutoff valve is shut off.
- the cost related to the manufacture or purchase of the gas side shutoff valve can be suppressed.
- the refrigerant cycle device is the refrigerant cycle device according to the first aspect.
- the amount of leakage at the time of shutoff is the amount of air leakage when the temperature is 20 ° C. and the predetermined pressure is 1 MPa.
- the amount of leakage when the gas side shutoff valve is shut off is larger than 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min).
- the amount of leakage when the liquid side shutoff valve is shut off is smaller than 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min).
- the refrigerant cycle device is the refrigerant cycle device according to the first aspect.
- the amount of leakage when the gas side shutoff valve is shut off is 1.0 to 2.7 times or less of 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min).
- the amount of leakage when the liquid side shutoff valve is shut off is 0.94 times or less of 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min).
- the refrigerant cycle device is the refrigerant cycle device according to the first aspect.
- the amount of leakage when the gas side shutoff valve is shut off is in the range of 1.6 to 2.7 times that of 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min).
- the amount of leakage when the liquid side shutoff valve is shut off is in the range of 0.37 times to 0.94 times that of 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min).
- the refrigerant cycle device is a refrigerant cycle device according to any one of the second to fourth aspects.
- R ( ⁇ md ⁇ V md ⁇ A d) / (C r ⁇ (2 ⁇ ⁇ P r / ⁇ 1r) 0.5 ⁇ A v ⁇ ⁇ 1rl + A v ⁇ (2 / ( ⁇ + 1)) (( ⁇ + 1) / 2 ( ⁇ -1)) ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ P 1r ⁇ ⁇ 1rg) 0.5) Is.
- Av is the valve clearance cross-sectional area (m 2 ) of each of the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve in the shutoff state.
- ⁇ 1 rl is the density of the refrigerant in the liquid phase (kg / m 3 ).
- ⁇ 1 rg is the density of the refrigerant in the gas phase (kg / m 3 ).
- P1r is the pressure (MPa) of the refrigerant on the upstream side of each of the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve.
- ⁇ is the specific heat ratio of the refrigerant.
- ⁇ md is the density (kg / m 3 ) of the mixed gas of air and the refrigerant passing through the gap of the door partitioning the inside and outside of the predetermined space.
- V md is the velocity (m / s) of the mixed gas of air and the refrigerant passing through the gap of the door partitioning the inside and outside of the predetermined space.
- Ad is the area (m 2 ) of the gap between the doors that divides the inside and outside of the predetermined space.
- P r is the inner and outer pressure differences of the hole in the portion where the refrigerant is leaked (Pa).
- Cr is the flow coefficient of the refrigerant when the liquid-phase refrigerant passes through the hole where the refrigerant is leaking.
- the manufacturing cost or purchasing cost of the gas side shutoff valve can be further suppressed.
- the refrigerant cycle device is the refrigerant cycle device according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, and R is at least one of the allowable average concentration, the leakage height, and the type of the refrigerant. It is decided based on one.
- the permissible average concentration is the average concentration of the refrigerant leaked into the predetermined space.
- the permissible average concentration is a concentration within a range in which it is recognized that the refrigerant leaked into the predetermined space is not likely to burn.
- the leak height is the position of the first portion in the predetermined space when the refrigerant leaks into the predetermined space.
- the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve are satisfied in order to calculate R in consideration of the size of the predetermined space where the refrigerant cycle device is installed, the installation position of the refrigerant cycle device, and the type of the refrigerant. It is possible to obtain the specification of the amount of leakage at the time of shutoff.
- the refrigerant cycle device is a refrigerant cycle device according to any one of the first to seventh aspects.
- the flammable refrigerant is a slightly flammable refrigerant that is judged to be "2L class” according to the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard.
- the flammable refrigerant is a weakly flammable refrigerant that is judged to be "Class 2" according to the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard.
- the flammable refrigerant is a highly flammable refrigerant that is judged to be "3 class" according to the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard.
- the figure which shows the schematic structure of the air conditioner as one Embodiment of a refrigerant cycle device The figure which shows the refrigerant circuit of an air conditioner. The figure which shows the room (predetermined space) in which an air conditioner is deployed. Control block diagram of the air conditioner. The figure which shows the control flow for dealing with the refrigerant leakage. Refrigerants in the gas-side shut-off valve and liquid-side shut-off valve when the gas-side shut-off valve and liquid-side shut-off valve are valves that meet the "Appendix A (Specification) Safety Shut-off Valve Specifications" of the guidelines of the Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association
- the figure which shows the leakage rate The figure which shows the ratio of the refrigerant leakage rate in a liquid side shutoff valve to the refrigerant leakage rate in a gas side shutoff valve.
- the air conditioning device 1 as an embodiment of the refrigerant cycle device is a room (predetermined) in a building such as a building by a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. It is a device that cools and heats the space).
- the air conditioner 1 mainly includes a heat source side unit 2, a plurality of user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, and relay units 4a, 4b, 4c connected to each user side unit 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. It has 4d, refrigerant connecting pipes 5 and 6, and a control unit 19 (see FIG. 4).
- the plurality of user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are connected to each other in parallel with respect to the heat source-side unit 2.
- the refrigerant communication pipes 5 and 6 connect the heat source side unit 2 and the utilization side units 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d via the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d.
- the control unit 19 controls the components of the heat source side unit 2, the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d.
- the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled with R32. If flammable refrigerant leaks from the refrigerant circuit 10 to the room (predetermined space) SP (see FIG. 3) and the refrigerant concentration in the room SP becomes high, a combustion accident may occur. It is required to prevent this combustion accident.
- the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are switched to the cooling operation or the heating operation by the switching mechanism 22 included in the heat source side unit 2.
- the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5 is mainly branched into a plurality (here, four) in front of the merging pipe portion extending from the heat source side unit 2 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d.
- the second branch pipe portion 5a, 5bb, 5cc which connects the first branch pipe portion 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, the relay unit 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the user side unit 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, It has 5 dd and.
- the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6 mainly has a merging pipe portion extending from the heat source side unit 2 and a first branch pipe portion branched into a plurality of (here, four) in front of the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. It has 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, and second branch pipe portions 6aa, 6bb, 6cc, 6dd for connecting the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. ing.
- the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are installed in a room such as a building.
- the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are connected to the heat source-side unit 2 via the liquid-refrigerant connecting pipe 5, the gas-refrigerant connecting pipe 6, and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d as described above.
- the user-side unit 3a mainly has a user-side expansion valve 51a and a user-side heat exchanger 52a. Further, the user side unit 3a includes a user side liquid refrigerant pipe 53a connecting the liquid side end of the user side heat exchanger 52a and the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5 (here, a branch pipe portion 5aa), and the user side heat exchanger. It has a gas refrigerant pipe 54a on the utilization side that connects the gas side end of the 52a and the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6 (here, the second branch pipe portion 6aa).
- the utilization side circuit 3aa (first part) of the utilization side unit 3a is configured from the utilization side liquid refrigerant pipe 53a, the utilization side expansion valve 51a, the utilization side heat exchanger 52a, and the utilization side gas refrigerant pipe 54a.
- the utilization side expansion valve 51a is an electric expansion valve capable of adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the utilization side heat exchanger 52a while reducing the pressure of the refrigerant, and is provided in the utilization side liquid refrigerant pipe 53a.
- the user-side heat exchanger 52a is a heat exchanger that functions as a refrigerant evaporator to cool the room air, or functions as a refrigerant radiator to heat the room air.
- the user-side unit 3a has a user-side fan 55a.
- the user-side fan 55a supplies indoor air as a cooling source or a heating source for the refrigerant flowing through the user-side heat exchanger 52a to the user-side heat exchanger 52a.
- the user-side fan 55a is driven by the user-side fan motor 56a.
- the user-side unit 3a includes a user-side heat exchange liquid-side sensor 57a that detects the temperature of the refrigerant at the liquid-side end of the user-side heat exchanger 52a, and a gas-side end of the user-side heat exchanger 52a.
- a utilization-side heat exchange gas-side sensor 58a for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant and an indoor air sensor 59a for detecting the temperature of the indoor air sucked into the utilization-side unit 3a are provided.
- the user-side unit 3a is provided with a refrigerant leak detection unit 79a that detects a refrigerant leak.
- the refrigerant leak detection unit 79a for example, a semiconductor gas sensor or a detection unit that detects a sudden drop in the refrigerant pressure in the user-side unit 3a can be adopted.
- a semiconductor gas sensor When a semiconductor gas sensor is used, it is connected to the user side control unit 93a (see FIG. 4).
- a detection unit that detects a sudden drop in refrigerant pressure a pressure sensor is installed in the refrigerant piping, and a detection algorithm that determines refrigerant leakage from changes in the sensor value is provided in the user-side control unit 93a. ..
- the refrigerant leak detection unit 79a is provided in the user side unit 3a, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the remote controller for operating the user side unit 3a and the user side unit 3a perform air conditioning. It may be provided in an indoor space or the like.
- the detection unit 79a joins the pipes in the vicinity of the lower part of the outlet where the refrigerant leaks from the user-side unit 3a to the predetermined space SP, or directly below the user-side unit 3a or the outlet in the predetermined space SP and in the room. It may be installed at a position within 10 m in the horizontal direction from the portion and at a height of 0.3 m or less from the floor surface.
- this expansion valve may be used as the liquid-side shutoff valve 71a.
- the heat source side unit 2 is installed outdoors of a building such as a building, for example, on the rooftop or on the ground. As described above, the heat source side unit 2 is connected to the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d via the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5, the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6, and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. , Consists of a part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the heat source side unit 2 mainly has a compressor 21 and a heat source side heat exchanger 23. Further, the heat source side unit 2 has a cooling operation state in which the heat source side heat exchanger 23 functions as a refrigerant radiator and the user side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d function as a refrigerant evaporator, and a heat source side. It has a switching mechanism 22 as a cooling / heating switching mechanism for switching between a heating operation state in which the heat exchanger 23 functions as a refrigerant evaporator and the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d function as a refrigerant radiator. doing.
- the switching mechanism 22 and the suction side of the compressor 21 are connected by a suction refrigerant pipe 31.
- the suction refrigerant pipe 31 is provided with an accumulator 29 that temporarily stores the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 21.
- the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the switching mechanism 22 are connected by a discharge refrigerant pipe 32.
- the switching mechanism 22 and the gas side end of the heat source side heat exchanger 23 are connected by a first heat source side gas refrigerant pipe 33.
- the liquid side end of the heat source side heat exchanger 23 and the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5 are connected by a heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34.
- a liquid side closing valve 27 is provided at a connection portion of the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34 with the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5.
- the switching mechanism 22 and the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6 are connected by a second heat source side gas refrigerant pipe 35.
- a gas-side closing valve 28 is provided at a connection portion of the second heat source-side gas-refrigerant pipe 35 with the gas-refrigerant connecting pipe 6.
- the liquid side closing valve 27 and the gas side closing valve 28 are valves that are manually opened and closed. During operation, the liquid side closing valve 27 and the gas side closing valve 28 are in the open state.
- the compressor 21 is a device for compressing the refrigerant. For example, compression of a closed structure in which a positive displacement compression element (not shown) such as a rotary type or a scroll type is rotationally driven by a compressor motor 21a. The machine is used.
- the switching mechanism 22 is a device capable of switching the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10, and includes, for example, a four-way switching valve. Switching when the heat source side heat exchanger 23 functions as a refrigerant radiator and the user side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d function as a refrigerant evaporator (hereinafter referred to as "cooling operation state").
- the mechanism 22 connects the discharge side of the compressor 21 and the gas side of the heat source side heat exchanger 23 (see the solid line of the switching mechanism 22 in FIG. 2).
- the heat source side heat exchanger 23 functions as a refrigerant evaporator and the user side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d function as a refrigerant radiator (hereinafter referred to as "heating operation state").
- the switching mechanism 22 connects the suction side of the compressor 21 and the gas side of the heat source side heat exchanger 23 (see the broken line of the first switching mechanism 22 in FIG. 2).
- the heat source side heat exchanger 23 is a heat exchanger that functions as a radiator for the refrigerant or as an evaporator for the refrigerant.
- the heat source side unit 2 has a heat source side fan 24.
- the heat source side fan 24 sucks outdoor air into the heat source side unit 2, exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the heat source side heat exchanger 23, and then discharges the outdoor air to the outside.
- the heat source side fan 24 is driven by a heat source side fan motor.
- the refrigerant in the cooling operation, the refrigerant is transferred from the heat source side heat exchanger 23 through the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d to function as a refrigerant evaporator. It flows through the exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c and 52d. Further, in the air conditioner 1, in the heating operation, the refrigerant is discharged from the compressor 21 through the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d, and the heat exchanger 52a on the utilization side that functions as a radiator of the refrigerant. , 52b, 52c, 52d.
- the switching mechanism 22 is switched to the cooling operation state, the heat source side heat exchanger 23 functions as a refrigerant radiator, and the heat source side is passed through the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d.
- the refrigerant flows from the unit 2 side to the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d.
- the switching mechanism 22 is switched to the heating operation state, and the heat source side unit 2 side from the user side unit 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d side through the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5 and the relay unit 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d.
- the refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger 23, and the heat exchanger 23 functions as a refrigerant evaporator.
- the heat source side expansion valve 25 is provided in the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34.
- the heat source side expansion valve 25 is an electric expansion valve that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant during the heating operation, and is provided in a portion of the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34 near the liquid side end of the heat source side heat exchanger 23.
- the refrigerant return pipe 41 is connected to the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34, and the refrigerant cooler 45 is provided.
- the refrigerant return pipe 41 branches a part of the refrigerant flowing through the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34 and sends it to the compressor 21.
- the refrigerant cooler 45 cools the refrigerant flowing through the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34 by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41.
- the heat source side expansion valve 25 is provided in a portion of the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34 closer to the heat source side heat exchanger 23 than the refrigerant cooler 45.
- the refrigerant return pipe 41 is a refrigerant pipe that sends the refrigerant branched from the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34 to the suction side of the compressor 21.
- the refrigerant return pipe 41 mainly has a refrigerant return inlet pipe 42 and a refrigerant return outlet pipe 43.
- the refrigerant return inlet pipe 42 is a portion of the refrigerant flowing through the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34 between the liquid side end of the heat source side heat exchanger 23 and the liquid side closing valve 27 (here, the heat source side expansion valve). It branches from the portion between the 25 and the refrigerant cooler 45) and is sent to the inlet of the refrigerant cooler 45 on the refrigerant return pipe 41 side.
- the refrigerant return inlet pipe 42 is provided with a refrigerant return expansion valve 44.
- the refrigerant return expansion valve 44 adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant cooler 45 while reducing the pressure of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41.
- the refrigerant return expansion valve 44 includes an electric expansion valve.
- the refrigerant return outlet pipe 43 sends the refrigerant to the suction refrigerant pipe 31 from the outlet on the refrigerant return pipe 41 side of the refrigerant cooler 45.
- the refrigerant return outlet pipe 43 of the refrigerant return pipe 41 is connected to the inlet side portion of the accumulator 29 in the suction refrigerant pipe 31. Then, the refrigerant cooler 45 cools the refrigerant flowing through the heat source side liquid refrigerant pipe 34 by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41.
- the heat source side unit 2 receives a discharge pressure sensor 36 that detects the pressure (discharge pressure) of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 and the temperature (discharge temperature) of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21.
- a discharge temperature sensor 37 for detecting and a suction pressure sensor 39 for detecting the pressure (suction pressure) of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 21 are provided.
- the heat source side unit 2 is provided with a heat source side heat exchange liquid side sensor 38 that detects the temperature of the refrigerant (heat source side heat exchange outlet temperature) at the liquid side end of the heat source side heat exchanger 23.
- the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are installed in the space SP1 behind the ceiling of a room (predetermined space) SP (see FIG. 3) of a building such as a building.
- the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d, together with the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5 and the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6, are interposed between the utilization side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d and the heat source side unit 2, and are interposed in the refrigerant circuit. It constitutes a part of 10.
- the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d may be arranged near the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, but are arranged away from the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. Alternatively, the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d may be arranged together in one place.
- relay unit 4a the configurations of the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d will be described. Since the relay unit 4a and the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d have the same configuration, only the configuration of the relay unit 4a will be described here, and the configurations of the relay units 4b, 4c, and 4d will be described as relay units, respectively. Instead of the subscript "a" of the code indicating each part of 4a, a subscript of "b", "c” or “d” is added, and the description of each part is omitted.
- the relay unit 4a mainly has a liquid connection pipe 61a and a gas connection pipe 62a.
- the liquid side shutoff valve 71a is provided in the liquid connection pipe 61a.
- the liquid side shutoff valve 71a is an electric expansion valve.
- the gas connecting pipe 62a is connected to the first branch pipe portion 6a of the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6, and the other end is connected to the second branch pipe portion 6aa of the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6.
- the gas connection pipe 62a is provided with a gas side shutoff valve 68a.
- the gas side shutoff valve 68a is an electric expansion valve.
- the control unit 19 includes a heat source side control unit 92, a relay side control unit 94a, 94b, 94c, 94d, and a user side control unit 93a, 93b, 93c, 93d. Is configured by being connected via transmission lines 95 and 96.
- the heat source side control unit 92 controls the constituent devices of the heat source side unit 2.
- the relay side control units 94a, 94b, 94c, 94d control the constituent devices of the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d.
- the user-side control units 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d control the constituent devices of the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d.
- the heat source side control unit 92 includes a control board on which electrical components such as a microcomputer and a memory are mounted, and includes various constituent devices 21, 22, 24, 25, 44 and various sensors 36, 37 of the heat source side unit 2. 38 and 39 are connected.
- the relay side control units 94a, 94b, 94c, 94d include a control board on which electrical components such as a microcomputer and a memory are mounted, and the gas side shutoff valves 68a to 68d of the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d, Liquid side shutoff valves 71a to 71d are connected.
- the relay side control units 94a, 94b, 94c, 94d and the heat source side control unit 92 are connected to each other via the first transmission line 95.
- the user-side control units 93a, 93b, 93c, 93d include a control board on which electrical components such as a microcomputer and a memory are mounted, and various component devices 51a to 51d of the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. 55a to 55d and various sensors 57a to 57d, 58a to 58d, 59a to 59d, 79a to 79d are connected.
- the wiring for connecting the refrigerant leakage detection units 79a, 79b, 79c, 79d to the user side control units 93a, 93b, 93c, 93d is the wiring 97a, 97b, 97c, 97d.
- the user side control units 93a, 93b, 93c, 93d and the relay side control units 94a, 94b, 94c, 94d are connected to each other via the second transmission line 96.
- control unit 19 controls the operation of the entire air conditioner 1. Specifically, the air conditioner 1 (here, heat source) based on the detection signals of various sensors 36, 37, 38, 39, 57a to 57d, 58a to 58d, 59a to 59d, 79a to 79d and the like as described above. Side unit 2, user side unit 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and relay unit 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) Various components 21, 22, 24, 25, 44, 51a to 51d, 55a to 55d, 68a to 68d , 71a to 71d are controlled by the control unit 19.
- the basic operation of the air conditioner 1 includes a cooling operation and a heating operation.
- the basic operation of the air conditioner 1 described below is to use the components of the air conditioner 1 (heat source side unit 2, user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and relay unit 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d). It is performed by the control unit 19 that controls.
- Cooling operation for example, all of the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are in the cooling operation (all of the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d are used as refrigerant evaporators.
- the switching mechanism 22 is put into the cooling operation state (the state shown by the solid line of the switching mechanism 22 in FIG. 2).
- the compressor 21, the heat source side fan 24, and the user side fans 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d are switched to be driven.
- liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d and the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d of the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are fully opened.
- the operations of the various devices of the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are performed by the user-side control units 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d.
- the user-side control units 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d transmit information to the effect that the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d perform cooling operation via transmission lines 95 and 96 to the heat source-side control unit 92 and the relay side. It is transmitted to the control units 94a, 94b, 94c, 94d.
- the operations of the various devices of the heat source side unit 2 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are the heat source side control units 92 and the relay side control units 94a, 94b, which receive information from the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. It is performed by 94c and 94d.
- the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is sent to the heat source side heat exchanger 23 through the switching mechanism 22.
- the refrigerant sent to the heat source side heat exchanger 23 is condensed by being cooled by exchanging heat with the outdoor air supplied by the heat source side fan 24 in the heat source side heat exchanger 23 that functions as a radiator of the refrigerant. To do.
- This refrigerant flows out from the heat source side unit 2 through the heat source side expansion valve 25, the refrigerant cooler 45, and the liquid side closing valve 27. At this time, in the refrigerant cooler 45, the refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side unit 2 is cooled by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side unit 2 is branched and sent to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5 (merging pipe portion and first branch pipe portion 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d). ..
- the refrigerant sent to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d flows out from the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the liquid-side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d is the second branch pipe portion 5aa, 5bb, 5cc, 5dd (relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the user side unit 3a of the liquid refrigerant communication pipes 5). It is sent to the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d through the portion connecting 3b, 3c, and 3d).
- the refrigerant sent to the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d is decompressed by the user-side expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d, and then sent to the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d.
- the refrigerant sent to the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d is used in the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d, which function as a refrigerant evaporator, in the user-side fans 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d. Evaporates by being heated by exchanging heat with the indoor air supplied from the room. The evaporated refrigerant flows out from the utilization side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. On the other hand, the indoor air cooled by the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d is sent into the room, whereby the room is cooled.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d is sent to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the second branch pipes 6aa, 6bb, 6cc, and 6dd of the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6.
- the refrigerant sent to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d flows out from the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d through the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c and 68d.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d is sent to the heat source side unit 2 in a merged state through the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6 (merging pipe portion and first branch pipe portion 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d). Be done.
- the refrigerant sent to the heat source side unit 2 is sucked into the compressor 21 through the gas side closing valve 28, the switching mechanism 22, and the accumulator 29.
- (2-2) Heating operation During the heating operation, for example, all of the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are in the heating operation (all of the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d are used as refrigerant radiators.
- the switching mechanism 22 When performing operation (operation in which the heat source side heat exchanger 23 functions as a refrigerant evaporator), the switching mechanism 22 is put into the heating operation state (the state shown by the broken line of the switching mechanism 22 in FIG. 2). The switch is switched to drive the compressor 21, the heat source side fan 24, and the user side fans 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d.
- liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d and the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d of the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are fully opened.
- the operations of the various devices of the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are performed by the user-side control units 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d.
- the user-side control units 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d transmit information to the effect that the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d perform heating operation to the heat source-side control unit 92 and the relay side via transmission lines 95 and 96. It is transmitted to the control units 94a, 94b, 94c, 94d.
- the operations of the various devices of the heat source side unit 2 and the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are the heat source side control units 92 and the relay side control units 94a, 94b, which receive information from the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. It is performed by 94c and 94d.
- the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows out from the heat source side unit 2 through the switching mechanism 22 and the gas side closing valve 28.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side unit 2 is sent to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the gas refrigerant connecting pipe 6 (merging pipe portion and first branch pipe portion 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d).
- the refrigerant sent to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d flows out from the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d through the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c and 68d.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d is the second branch pipe portions 6aa, 6bb, 6cc, and 6dd (relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the user side unit 3a of the gas refrigerant connecting pipes 6). It is sent to the user unit 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d through the portion connecting 3b, 3c, and 3d).
- the refrigerant sent to the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d is sent to the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, and 52d.
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d is used in the user-side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d, which function as a refrigerant radiator, with the user-side fans 55a, 55b, 55c. , 55d exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied from the room and is cooled to condense.
- This refrigerant is depressurized by the utilization side expansion valves 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, and then flows out from the utilization side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d.
- the indoor air heated by the user side heat exchangers 52a, 52b, 52c and 52d is sent into the room, thereby heating the room.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d is the second branch pipe portion 5aa, 5bb, 5cc, 5dd (relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the user side unit 3a of the liquid refrigerant communication pipes 5). It is sent to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the portion connecting 3b, 3c, and 3d).
- the refrigerant sent to the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d flows out from the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d through the liquid-side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d is sent to the heat source side unit 2 in a merged state through the liquid refrigerant connecting pipe 5 (merging pipe portion and first branch pipe portion 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d). Be done.
- the refrigerant sent to the heat source side unit 2 is sent to the heat source side expansion valve 25 through the liquid side closing valve 27 and the refrigerant cooler 45.
- the refrigerant sent to the heat source side expansion valve 25 is decompressed by the heat source side expansion valve 25 and then sent to the heat source side heat exchanger 23.
- the refrigerant sent to the heat source side heat exchanger 23 evaporates by being heated by exchanging heat with the outdoor air supplied by the heat source side fan 24. The evaporated refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 21 through the switching mechanism 22 and the accumulator 29.
- step S1 of FIG. 5 it is determined whether or not any of the refrigerant leakage detection units 79a, 79b, 79c, and 79d of the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d has detected the refrigerant leakage.
- the refrigerant leakage detection unit 79a of the user-side unit 3a detects the leakage of the refrigerant into the predetermined space (indoor) of the user-side unit 3a, the process proceeds to the next step S2.
- step S2 in the user-side unit 3a where there was a refrigerant leak, a person who is in a predetermined space of the user-side unit 3a by using an alarm (not shown) that issues a warning sound such as a buzzer and turns on a light. To issue an alarm.
- an alarm not shown
- step S3 it is determined whether or not the user side unit 3a is performing the cooling operation.
- the process proceeds from step S3 to step S4.
- step S4 in order to reduce the pressure of the refrigerant in the user side unit 3a, the user side unit 3a is made to perform a cooling operation.
- the cooling operation in step S4 is an operation that prioritizes reducing the pressure of the refrigerant in the user-side unit 3a.
- the air conditioner 1 When the air conditioner 1 is performing the heating operation, the state of the switching mechanism 22 is switched to the cooling operation state, and the air conditioner 1 is made to perform the cooling operation.
- the user-side unit 3a is in a stopped or temporarily stopped state, the user-side unit 3a is put into a cooling operation state to reduce the pressure of the refrigerant in the user-side unit 3a.
- step S5 the opening degree of the heat source side expansion valve 25 of the heat source side unit 2 is reduced.
- the heat source side expansion valve 25 is fully open, but here, the opening degree of the heat source side expansion valve 25 is reduced, and the pressure of the refrigerant flowing to the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d is reduced. Lower.
- the user-side expansion valve 51a of the user-side unit 3a is fully opened.
- step S5 the opening degree of the refrigerant return expansion valve 44 is increased as compared with the normal cooling operation, and the amount of refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant return pipe 41 functioning as a bypass path is increased.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 23 dissipates heat and condenses, and the amount of refrigerant toward the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d is reduced.
- step S5 the rotation speed of the user fan 55a is also reduced.
- step S6 it is determined whether or not the pressure of the refrigerant in the user side unit 3a has sufficiently decreased based on the sensor values of the user side heat exchange liquid side sensor 57a and the user side heat exchange gas side sensor 58a of the user side unit 3a. To do. When it is determined that the sensor value satisfies the predetermined condition and the pressure of the refrigerant in the user-side unit 3a is sufficiently lowered, the process proceeds from step S6 to step S7. Further, in step S6, the passage of time is also monitored, and if a predetermined time has elapsed after executing step S5, it is determined that the pressure of the refrigerant in the user-side unit 3a has dropped to some extent, and step S7 is performed. Transition.
- step S6 the pressure of the refrigerant in the user-side unit 3a is monitored, and the pressure of the refrigerant in the user-side unit 3a is controlled so as not to be smaller than the atmospheric pressure.
- step S7 The transition from step S6 to step S7 is performed before the pressure of the refrigerant in the user-side unit 3a becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- step S7 the liquid side shutoff valve 71a and the gas side shutoff valve 68a of the relay unit 4a corresponding to the utilization side unit 3a where the refrigerant leaked are closed.
- the utilization side unit 3a is separated from the refrigerant circuit 10 in which the refrigerant circulates, and the inflow of the refrigerant from the heat source side unit 2 to the utilization side unit 3a is almost eliminated.
- step S7 the operation of all the units including the other utilization side units 3b, 3c, 3d and the heat source side unit 2 is stopped.
- the liquid-side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d and the gas-side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d detect the leakage of refrigerant. It is controlled to close when it is closed (see step S7 in FIG. 4).
- the liquid-side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d of the corresponding relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d and The gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d are switched from the open non-blocking state to the closed shutoff state.
- these liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d and gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d are designed or selected as follows.
- the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are arranged together with the relay units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d in the ceiling space SP1 of the room (predetermined space) SP shown in FIG. No user unit is installed on the floor FL of this room SP.
- the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are ceiling-mounted units, not floor-standing units.
- the room SP is provided with a door DR for people to enter and exit.
- the door DR is closed when no one enters or exits.
- Below the door DR there is a gap (undercut portion) UC.
- a ventilation port (not shown) is provided on the ceiling of the room SP.
- the area of the gap UC is Ad (m 2 ).
- Ad the height dimension 4mm clearance UC, if 800mm width dimension, the area A d of the gap UC is their product, and 0.0032 (m 2).
- the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are arranged in the ceiling space SP1 of the room SP, the user-side circuits 3aa, 3bb, and 3cc of the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d from the floor FL,
- the distance H to 3dd is considered to be equal to the height dimension (ceiling height) of the room SP.
- the amount of leakage at the time of interruption is evaluated using "air" as a gas having a gas phase single phase in the standard state.
- the fluid is air and the gas-side shut-off valve and liquid-side shut-off valve.
- 300 (cm 3 / min) or less is defined as the amount of leakage during shutoff that the gas-side shut-off valve and the liquid-side shut-off valve should be satisfied with.
- the above guideline assumes from the same leakage amount during shutoff that the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve are uniformly required.
- the valve clearance in the above and the refrigerant leakage rate in the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve it is possible to calculate the valve clearance in the above and the refrigerant leakage rate in the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve.
- the refrigerant leakage rate at the liquid side shutoff valve is higher than the refrigerant leakage rate at the gas side shutoff valve. This is because the liquid refrigerant has a higher density than the gas refrigerant. Therefore, if the refrigerant leakage rate can be calculated from the above guideline, it is possible to calculate how much the leakage amount at the time of shutting off the gas side shutoff valve can be increased within the range of the refrigerant leakage rate or less.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 6 is the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure in the cycle of the refrigerant.
- the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure in the cycle changes.
- the calculation of the refrigerant leakage rate derived from the leakage amount at the time of interruption in the above guideline is firstly calculated by an equation using Bernoulli's theorem for liquid refrigerant and an equation expressing the flow rate of compressible fluid for gas refrigerant. There is a method of calculating with (calculation method 1).
- calculation method 2 there is a method (calculation method 2) of calculating using the Cv value representing the leakage amount peculiar to the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve. It is also possible to calculate the refrigerant leakage rate from the calculation of these leakage amounts.
- the value according to the calculation method 1 is represented by a solid line
- the value according to the calculation method 2 is represented by a broken line.
- R32 having a flammability rank A2L was taken. Even in the case of other flammable refrigerants, this figure can be drawn in the same manner as R32 by setting the physical property value to the value of each refrigerant.
- valve clearance equivalent diameter d v when the valve blocking of the gas side shut-off valve and the liquid side shut-off valve, the fluid is an air gas side shut-off valve and the liquid side shut-off valve
- 300 (cm 3 / min) or less is defined as the amount of leakage during shutoff that the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve should be satisfied with. From these conditions, first, the valve clearance at the time of valve shutoff of the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve is obtained.
- the specific heat ratio ⁇ of air is 1.40 (20 ° C.).
- the upstream side of the shutoff valve when viewed from the user side unit is the liquid phase refrigerant
- the gas side line gas refrigerant connecting pipe
- the leakage speed of the refrigerant in the gas side line that is, the refrigerant leakage speed ( GrG ) of the gas side shutoff valve exceeds the speed of sound.
- the specific heat ratio ⁇ is represented by the value of the 20 ° C. saturated gas of the refrigerant.
- Variables that affect the rate of refrigerant leakage from the valve gap of the shutoff valve include (4-2-2-A) to (4-2-2-E).
- the calculation method for each is as follows.
- the leakage speed of the refrigerant leaking from the valve gap for each refrigerant is as shown in Table 2 below, for example.
- the refrigerant leakage speed of each refrigerant when the ambient temperature (temperature outside the building) is changed can be obtained by the above (Equation 4), (Equation 5), and (Equation 6) if the physical property values are changed. Can be done.
- the amount of refrigerant leaked from the gas-side shutoff valve and the liquid-side shutoff valve is 300 (cm) when the fluid is air and the differential pressure before and after the gas-side shutoff valve and the liquid-side shutoff valve is 1 MPa.
- the leakage speed of the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant can be calculated using (Equation 7) and (Equation 8).
- Table 3 shows the gas-refrigerant connecting pipe diameter and the liquid-refrigerant connecting pipe diameter.
- the ratio of the gas side refrigerant connecting pipe diameter to the liquid side refrigerant connecting pipe diameter is in the range of about 1.6 times to about 2.7 times.
- the amount of leakage when the gas side shutoff valve is shut off with respect to the liquid side shutoff valve increases in proportion to the refrigerant connecting pipe diameter ratio.
- FIG. 7 shows X, which is the ratio of the refrigerant leakage rate of the liquid side shutoff valve to the refrigerant leakage rate of the gas side shutoff valve.
- the maximum leakage amount of the liquid side shutoff valve at the time of shutoff may be designed or selected in the range of 0.78 times to 0.94 times of 300 (cm 3 / min).
- the amount of leakage during shutoff of the gas side shutoff valve should be increased to a range of 1.0 to 2.7 times or less of the amount of leakage during shutoff specified in the above guideline of 300 (cm 3 / min). Is possible.
- the leakage amount of the liquid side shutoff valve during shutoff is set in the range of 300 (cm 3 / min) 0.94 times or less, which is the leak amount during shutoff specified in the above guideline.
- the total of the refrigerant leakage speeds of the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve shall be the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve according to the above guidelines. It is equal to the total refrigerant leakage rate when the same valve clearance is assumed for the liquid side shutoff valve.
- the leakage amount of the gas side shutoff valve at the time of shutoff is 1.6 to 2.7 times the leak amount at the time of shutoff specified in the above guideline of 300 (cm 3 / min).
- the amount of leakage during shutoff of the liquid side shutoff valve should be within the range of 0.37 to 0.94 times the amount of leak during shutoff specified in the above guideline of 300 (cm 3 / min). change.
- G d is calculated by assuming that the refrigerant discharge rate of the refrigerant discharged to the outside of the room through the gap under the door is G d .
- G d ⁇ md ⁇ V md ⁇ A d
- V md C d ⁇ (2 ⁇ ⁇ p d / ⁇ md ) 0.5
- ⁇ p d ( ⁇ md - ⁇ a) ⁇ g ⁇ h s
- ⁇ md ⁇ mr + ⁇ ma
- ⁇ mr N / 100 ⁇ ( Ur ⁇ 10 -3 ) / (24.5 ⁇ 10 -3 )
- Equation 19): ⁇ ma (100-N) / 100 ⁇ (U a ⁇ 10 -3 ) / (24.5 ⁇ 10 -3 )
- N L
- Variables that affect the refrigerant discharge rate include (4-4-1-A) and (4-4-1-B).
- the leakage height is the leakage height when the refrigerant leaks into the predetermined space.
- the position of the first part in the predetermined space for example, 2.2 m when the user side unit is installed on the ceiling, and 0.6 m, for example, when the user side unit is installed on the floor (IEC60335-2).
- the permissible average concentration is the average concentration of the refrigerant leaked into the predetermined space, and is the refrigerant concentration within the range where it is recognized that the refrigerant leaked into the predetermined space is not likely to burn.
- the permissible average concentration is determined by dividing LFL by the safety factor, and the refrigerant discharge rate is affected, for example, as shown in Table 4 below, depending on whether the safety factor is 4 or 2.
- magnification R for each refrigerant is calculated, for example, as shown in Table 5 below.
- the gas side shutoff valve generally has a large valve diameter, and tends to have a large leakage amount when shutting off at the same differential pressure.
- the liquid-side shutoff valve generally has a small valve diameter, and tends to have a small amount of leakage when shutting off at the same differential pressure.
- it is required to uniformly suppress the leakage amount at the time of shutoff to 300 (cm 3 / min) or less.
- designing or selecting a gas-side shutoff valve having a valve diameter larger than the valve diameter of the liquid-side shutoff valve with a shutoff leak amount equivalent to that of the liquid-side shutoff valve is a matter of manufacture or purchase. This will increase the cost.
- the refrigerant leakage rate assumed by the guideline can be calculated from the regulation of the amount of leakage when shutting off in the above guideline. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, since the states of the target refrigerants are different, the refrigerant leakage speed at the liquid side shutoff valve is higher than the refrigerant leakage speed at the gas side shutoff valve in the same valve gap. In other words, when the gas-side shutoff valve and the liquid-side shutoff valve have the same amount of leakage during shutoff, the liquid-side shutoff valve has a higher refrigerant leakage rate than the gas-side shutoff valve, so that a large amount of refrigerant flows in a predetermined space. It will leak.
- the leakage amount of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d at the time of shutoff is made larger than that of the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d.
- the gas-side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, and 68d are used having a leakage amount larger than 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min) at the time of shutoff.
- the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d the ones having a leakage amount at the time of shutoff smaller than 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min) are adopted. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d can be reduced while ensuring safety.
- R calculated in (4-4) is taken into consideration. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d can be reduced while ensuring the safety.
- the leakage amount at the time of shutting off the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve is required to be uniformly suppressed to 300 (cm 3 / min) or less.
- the cost of manufacturing or purchasing the gas-side shutoff valve which tends to have a relatively large valve diameter, is increased. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the refrigerant leakage speeds of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d and the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d are determined according to the above guidelines, and the gas side shutoff valve and the liquid side shutoff valve.
- the amount of leakage during shutoff is changed from 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min) to design or select.
- the leakage amount of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d at the time of shutoff is changed to 1.0 to 2.7 times or less of 300 (cm 3 / min).
- the leakage amount at the time of shutoff is changed to 0.94 times or less of 300 (cm 3 / min) when designing or selecting.
- the liquid side shutoff valves 71a and 71b , 71c, 71d are designed or selected by changing the leakage amount at the time of interruption to 0.94 times or less of 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min).
- the refrigerant leakage speeds of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d and the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d are determined by the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d and the liquid side according to the above guidelines. It is equal to the total refrigerant leakage speed when the same valve clearance is assumed for the shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d.
- the leakage amount of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d exceeds the leakage amount of 300 (cm 3 / min) defined in the above guideline, the leakage amount is exceeded.
- the amount of leakage during shutoff of the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, and 71d is designed or selected so as to compensate for the amount of leakage during shutoff. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in costs related to the manufacture or purchase of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d while ensuring safety.
- the leakage amount of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d at the time of shutoff is in the range of 1.6 to 2.7 times that of 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min).
- the liquid side shutoff is such that the leakage amount of the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d at the time of shutoff is in the range of 0.37 to 0.94 times that of 300 ⁇ R (cm 3 / min).
- 300 is how much the permissible amount can be increased with respect to the standard value of the leakage amount at the time of interruption such as 300 (cm 3 / min) in the specifications specified in Annex A of the above guideline. It is calculated as a magnification R with respect to (cm 3 / min). Then, the specific numerical value of the magnification R as shown in Table 5 above is obtained.
- the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d and the gas side shutoff valve 68a so that the maximum leakage amount at the time of shutoff is 300 ⁇ 1.96 (cm 3 / min) or less.
- the specifications of 68b, 68c, and 68d have been decided.
- the manufacturing costs of the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d and the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d are compared with the case where the specifications are determined according to the reference value of 300 (cm 3 / min).
- the purchase cost is reduced, and the introduction cost of the air conditioner 1 using the refrigerant (R32) that can prevent global warming can be suppressed.
- the air conditioner according to step S7 in FIG. After the device 1 is stopped, the amount of refrigerant leaking from the valve gap between the liquid side shutoff valve 71a and the gas side shutoff valve 68a and flowing out to the room SP is suppressed, and the concentration of the refrigerant in the room SP is suppressed to a value sufficiently lower than LFL. There is.
- the magnification R for calculating how much the permissible amount can be increased with respect to the reference value of the leakage amount at the time of interruption such as 300 (cm 3 / min) in the specifications specified in Annex A of the above guideline is It is determined based on at least one of the permissible average concentration, the leakage height, and the type of refrigerant.
- the leakage height is the position of the first part in the predetermined space SP when the refrigerant leaks into the predetermined space SP, and the user side unit is installed on the ceiling. If this is the case, it will be, for example, 2.2 m, and if the user unit is installed on the floor, it will be, for example, 0.6 m (see IEC60335-2-40: 2016).
- the permissible average concentration is the average concentration of the refrigerant leaked into the predetermined space SP, and it is recognized that the refrigerant leaked into the predetermined space SP is not likely to burn.
- the refrigerant concentration is in the range, and the allowable average concentration is obtained by dividing LFL by the safety factor.
- the type of refrigerant is a flammable refrigerant that is judged to be "2L class" according to the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard, and a weakly flammable refrigerant that is judged to be "2 class” according to the US ANSI / ASHRAE34-2013 standard.
- the magnification R is determined based on at least one of these, and as shown in Table 5, specifically, a numerical value in the range of 1.02 to 11.98 is taken. This makes it possible to obtain specifications for the amount of leakage during shutoff that the gas-side shutoff valve and the liquid-side shutoff valve should satisfy.
- 68b, 68c, 68d and the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d are calculated, and the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d and the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, It is also possible to design or select 71d.
- the air conditioner 1 according to the above embodiment is installed in a room (predetermined space SP) of a building such as a building, but when it is installed in the internal space of another building, the design of the specifications of the shutoff valve or The selection may also be changed so as to meet the conditions of the predetermined space SP.
- an appropriate shutoff valve can be designed or selected for various spaces such as an internal space of a factory, a kitchen, a data center, a computer room, and an internal space of a commercial facility.
- R32 has been described as an example of the refrigerant that circulates the refrigerant circuit 10 of the air conditioner 1.
- the molecular weight of the refrigerant, LFL, and the like are described as described above.
- the magnification R is calculated according to the difference in conditions, and the specifications of the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d and the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d suitable for the calculation are designed or selected.
- control flow shown in FIG. 5 is shown as an example of the operation of the air conditioner 1 at the time of refrigerant leakage, but other operations may be performed as the operation at the time of refrigerant leakage.
- the pump down operation may be performed, and then the shutoff valve may be closed.
- steps S4 and S5 the utilization side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are allowed to perform the cooling operation, the opening degree of the heat source side expansion valve 25 is reduced, and the utilization side units 3a, 3b, The pressure of the refrigerant flowing in 3c and 3d is reduced.
- this control is an example, and other controls may be performed.
- all the liquid side shutoff valves 71a are separated from the heat source side unit 2 so that all the user side units 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are separated from the heat source side unit 2.
- 71b, 71c, 71d and the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d may be closed, and the compressor 21 of the heat source side unit 2 may also be stopped.
- the user-side units 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d installed so as to be embedded in the ceiling are mentioned, but other types of user-side units are also blocked.
- the valve design or selection method is similar.
- the magnification R can be obtained by the above (Equation 23) regardless of whether it is a ceiling-suspended type user-side unit, a floor-standing type user-side unit, or a wall-mounted type user-side unit fixed to a side wall.
- the gas side shutoff valve generally has a large valve diameter, and tends to have a large leakage amount when shutting off at the same differential pressure.
- the liquid-side shutoff valve generally has a small valve diameter, and tends to have a small amount of leakage when shutting off at the same differential pressure. Therefore, in the above embodiment, it has been assumed that the valve diameters of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d are larger than the valve diameters of the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d.
- valve diameters of the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d have a size larger than the valve diameters of the gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d, the gas side shutoff.
- the leakage amount during shutoff of the valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d is made larger than the leakage amount during shutoff specified by the above guideline, and the leakage amount during shutoff of the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d is determined by the above guideline.
- air is used as the gas that is in the gas phase single phase in the standard state
- gas side shutoff valves 68a, 68b, 68c, 68d and the liquid side shutoff valves 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d The amount of leakage during shutoff is evaluated.
- the gas for evaluating the leakage amount at the time of interruption is not limited to "air”, and any gas type containing "nitrogen” or the like and having a gas phase single phase in the standard state may be used.
- Air conditioner (refrigerant cycle device) 3aa, 3bb, 3cc, 3dd 1st part (utilization side circuit) 10
- Detection unit (refrigerant leakage detection unit) SP predetermined space
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Abstract
Description
R=
(ρmd×Vmd×Ad)/(Cr×(2×ΔPr/ρ1r)0.5×Av×ρ1rl
+
Av×(2/(λ+1))((λ+1)/2(λ-1))×(λ×P1r×ρ1rg)0.5)
である。
図1及び図2に示すように、冷媒サイクル装置の一実施形態としての空気調和装置1は、蒸気圧縮式の冷凍サイクルによって、ビル等の建物内の部屋(所定空間)の冷房や暖房を行う装置である。空気調和装置1は、主として、熱源側ユニット2と、複数の利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dと、各利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dに接続される中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dと、冷媒連絡管5、6と、制御部19(図4参照)と、を有している。複数の利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dは、熱源側ユニット2に対して、互いが並列に接続される。冷媒連絡管5、6は、中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dを介して、熱源側ユニット2と利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dとを接続する。制御部19は、熱源側ユニット2、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3d及び中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dの構成機器を制御する。
液冷媒連絡管5は、主として、熱源側ユニット2から延びる合流管部と、中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dの手前で複数(ここでは、4つ)に分岐した第1分岐管部5a、5b、5c、5dと、中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dと利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dとを接続する第2分岐管部5aa、5bb、5cc、5ddと、を有している。
利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dは、ビル等の室内に設置されている。利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dは、上記のように、液冷媒連絡管5、ガス冷媒連絡管6及び中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dを介して熱源側ユニット2に接続されており、冷媒回路10の一部を構成している。
熱源側ユニット2は、ビル等の建物の室外、例えば屋上や地上に設置されている。熱源側ユニット2は、上記のように、液冷媒連絡管5、ガス冷媒連絡管6及び中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dを介して利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dに接続されており、冷媒回路10の一部を構成している。
中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dは、ビル等の建物の部屋(所定空間)SP(図3参照)の天井裏の空間SP1に設置されている。中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dは、液冷媒連絡管5及びガス冷媒連絡管6とともに、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dと熱源側ユニット2との間に介在しており、冷媒回路10の一部を構成している。中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dは、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dの近くに配置される場合もあるが、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dから離れて配置されている場合や、中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dが1箇所にまとめて配置されている場合もある。
制御部19は、図4に示すように、熱源側制御部92と、中継側制御部94a、94b、94c、94dと、利用側制御部93a、93b、93c、93dとが、伝送線95、96を介して接続されることによって構成されている。熱源側制御部92は、熱源側ユニット2の構成機器を制御する。中継側制御部94a、94b、94c、94dは、中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dの構成機器を制御する。利用側制御部93a、93b、93c、93dは、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dの構成機器を制御する。熱源側ユニット2に設けられた熱源側制御部92と、中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dに設けられた中継側制御部94a、94b、94c、94dと、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dに設けられた利用側制御部93a、93b、93c、93dとは、互いに、伝送線95、96を介して制御信号等の情報のやりとりを行えるようになっている。
次に、空気調和装置1の基本動作について説明する。空気調和装置1の基本動作には、上記のように、冷房運転及び暖房運転がある。なお、以下に説明する空気調和装置1の基本動作は、空気調和装置1(熱源側ユニット2、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3d及び中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4d)の構成機器を制御する制御部19によって行われる。
冷房運転の際、例えば、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dの全てが冷房運転(利用側熱交換器52a、52b、52c、52dの全てが冷媒の蒸発器として機能し、かつ、熱源側熱交換器23が冷媒の放熱器として機能する運転)を行う際には、切換機構22が冷房運転状態(図2の切換機構22の実線で示された状態)に切り換えられて、圧縮機21、熱源側ファン24及び利用側ファン55a、55b、55c、55dが駆動される。また、中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dの液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71d及びガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dは全開状態にされる。
暖房運転の際、例えば、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dの全てが暖房運転(利用側熱交換器52a、52b、52c、52dの全てが冷媒の放熱器として機能し、かつ、熱源側熱交換器23が冷媒の蒸発器として機能する運転)を行う際には、切換機構22が暖房運転状態(図2の切換機構22の破線で示された状態)に切り換えられて、圧縮機21、熱源側ファン24及び利用側ファン55a、55b、55c、55dが駆動される。また、中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dの液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71d及びガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dは、全開状態にされる。
次に、冷媒漏えい時の空気調和装置1の動作について、図5に示す制御フローを用いて説明する。なお、以下に説明する冷媒漏えい時の空気調和装置1の動作は、上記の基本動作と同様に、空気調和装置1(熱源側ユニット2、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3d及び中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4d)の構成機器を制御する制御部19によって行われる。
先述の通り、液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71d及びガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dは、冷媒の漏えいが検知されたときに閉まるように制御される(図4のステップS7を参照)。言い換えると、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dのいずれかにおいて冷媒の漏えいが検知されると、対応する中継ユニット4a、4b、4c、4dの液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71d及びガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dが、開いた非遮断状態から、閉じた遮断状態に切り換わる。
まず、ガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁の設計又は選定をする前に、空気調和装置1が配備される建物の情報、具体的には、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dが設置される部屋の情報を入手する。
次に、順を追って、ガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁の設計又は選定に必要となる遮断時漏れ量の算出方法について説明する。なお、以下の説明においては、本実施形態に係る空気調和装置1に特有のガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁や利用側ユニットではなく、一般的なガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁や利用側ユニットについて述べるため、図面に付されている数字や記号を使わずに説明を行う。
上記のガイドラインでは、流体が空気であってガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁の前後の差圧が1MPaであるときに、300(cm3/min)以下であることが、ガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁が満足すべき遮断時漏れ量と規定されている。これらの条件から、まずはガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁の弁遮断時における弁隙間を求める。
P2/P1=(1+0.1013)/0.1013=10.87
(2/(κ+1))×(κ/(κ-1))=(2/2.4)×1.4/0.4=0.528
なので、流速は超音速を超える。
(式1):
Ga=Av×(2/(κ+1))((κ+1)/2(κ-1))×(κ×P1a×ρ1a)0.5
(式2):
Av=Qa×ρ2a×(2/(κ+1))(-(κ+1)/2(κ-1))×(κ×P1a×ρ1a)(-0.5)
(式3):
dv=(4×Av/π)0.5
になる。
dvG=dvL=5.47E-5(m)
AvG=AvL=2.24E-9(m2)
になる。
次に、求めた弁隙間(dvG)から漏れる冷媒の漏えい速度Grを計算する。
(式4):
GrL=Cr×(2×ΔPr/ρ1rl)0.5×AvL×ρ1rl
になる。
(式5):
GrG=AvG×(2/(λ+1))((λ+1)/2(λ-1))×(λ×P1r×ρ1rg)0.5
になる。
(式6):
Gr=GrL+GrG
=Cr×(2×ΔPr/ρ1rl)0.5×AvL×ρ1rl
+AvG×(2/(λ+1))((λ+1)/2(λ-1))×(λ×P1r×ρ1rg)0.5
になる。
冷媒として、R32、R452B、R454B、R1234yf、R1234ze(E)のいずれかを想定し、各冷媒の物性値に関しては、NIST Refprop V9.1を用いて算出する。
空気調和装置が停止した後、遮断弁よりも熱源側ユニットの側(上流側)にある冷媒の圧力は、建物の外の最高温度によって決まると考えることができる。米国における空気調和装置の高温試験条件(以下の表1)から、外の最高温度を55℃と設定し、遮断弁の上流側の冷媒圧力が55℃における飽和圧力であると設定している。
液相冷媒の密度(kg/m3)、ガス相冷媒の密度(kg/m3)については、NIST Refprop V9.1を用いて算出する。
比熱比については、NIST Refprop V9.1を用いて算出する。なお、27℃の冷媒の飽和ガスの比熱比を用いる。
遮断弁を遮断状態にした後、遮断弁の上流側の液側ラインの冷媒及びガス側ラインの冷媒が、液相・気相となっているか、気相・気相となっているか、いずれも想定される。ここでは、冷媒の漏えい速度がより大きく算出される前者と想定した計算を行う。言い換えると、遮断弁を遮断状態にした後、遮断弁の上流側の液側ラインの冷媒が液相で、遮断弁の上流側のガス側ラインの冷媒が気相であるとして、計算を行う。
次に、ガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁の漏れ量を、弁固有の漏れ量を表すCv値を用いて計算した場合の式を示す。
(式7):
Cv=Q×3600×(ρ/ρa×(273+20))0.5/(2519×P1/1000000)
になる。
(式8):
Cv=0.02194×Q×1000×60×(ρ/1000/Δp/1000000)0.5
になる。
Cv=1.11×10-4
になる。
(4-1)~(4-2)で行った計算により、上記のガイドラインが想定する弁隙間、冷媒漏えい速度が導かれる。次に、これらを基にして、ガス側遮断弁の遮断時漏れ量をどの程度大きくできるのか、計算する。また、ガス側遮断弁の遮断時漏れ量を大きくすることに伴い、液側遮断弁の遮断時漏れ量をどの程度小さくすると適切であるのか、計算する。そこで、ガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁におけるそれぞれの冷媒漏えい速度の合計が、上記のガイドラインに従ってガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁に対して同一の弁隙間を想定した場合における冷媒漏えい速度の合計と等しくなるような範囲で、ガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁のそれぞれの遮断時漏れ量を、300(cm3/min)から変更して設計又は選定する。
(式9):l0/g0=X
とする。
(式10):g00/g0=Y
とする。
(式11):l0-l00=g00-g0
である。
(式11)は、(式9)、(式10)を用いて変形すると、
(式12):l00=(X-Y+1)×g0
である。
(式13):l00/l0=1-(Y-1)/X
で求められる。
l00/l0=1-0.6/X
となり、この時にXを2.7倍~10.8倍で変化させると、液側遮断弁における冷媒漏えい速度の変化を示すl00/l0は、0.78倍~0.94倍の間で変化する。従って、この場合は、液側遮断弁の最大遮断時漏れ量を、300(cm3/min)の0.78倍~0.94倍の範囲で設計又は選定すれば良い。
l00/l0=1-1.7/X
となり、この時にXを2.7倍~10.8倍の範囲で変化させると、液側遮断弁における冷媒漏えい速度の変化を示すl00/l0は、0.37倍~0.84倍の間で変化する。従って、この場合は、液側遮断弁の最大遮断時漏れ量を、300(cm3/min)の0.37倍~0.84倍の範囲で設計又は選定すればよい。
次に、空気調和装置の利用側ユニットが設置されている所定空間(部屋)には、ドアが設置されていることを想定する。そのドア下には隙間があり、漏えいした冷媒は、ドア下隙間から室外に排出されることを考慮する。以上をふまえた上で、遮断弁における冷媒漏えい速度を設定する。
(式14):Gd=ρmd×Vmd×Ad
(式15):Vmd=Cd×(2×Δpd/ρmd)0.5
(式16):Δpd=(ρmd-ρa)×g×hs
(式17):ρmd=ρmr+ρma
(式18):ρmr=N/100×(Ur×10-3)/(24.5×10-3)
(式19):ρma=(100-N)/100×(Ua×10-3)/(24.5×10-3)
(式20):N=LFL/S
(4-4-1-B)部屋(所定空間)中の平均冷媒濃度のLFLに対する安全係数
漏れ高さは、所定空間に冷媒が漏えいする際の、所定空間における第1部分の位置であり、利用側ユニットが天井に設置される場合は例えば2.2mとなり、利用側ユニットが床に設置される場合は例えば0.6mとなる(IEC60335-2-40:2016年を参照)。許容平均濃度は、所定空間に漏えいした冷媒の平均濃度であって、所定空間に漏えいした冷媒が燃焼するおそれがないと認められる範囲の冷媒濃度である。許容平均濃度は、安全係数でLFLを除することによって求められるが、安全係数を4にするか2にするかで、冷媒排出速度は、例えば以下の表4に示すように影響を受ける。
次に、ドアの下に隙間がある場合の遮断弁の遮断状態における最大遮断時漏れ量(Qmax)を計算する。
(式21):R=Gd/Gr
(式22):Qmax=300×R
(式23):
R=(ρmd×Vmd×Ad)/(Cr×(2×ΔPr/ρ1r)0.5×Av×ρ1rl
+Av×(2/(λ+1))((λ+1)/2(λ-1))×(λ×P1r×ρ1rg)0.5)
以上、遮断時漏れ量などの算出に関する説明を行ったが、各式で使われる記号等について、特に断りが無い場合、記号等には以下(4-4-3-1)~(4-4-3-3)の意味が含まれている。
A:面積(単位は、m2)
C:流量係数
d:相当直径(単位は、m)
G:質量流量速度(単位は、kg・s-1)
g:重力加速度(単位は、m・s-2)
h:漏れ高さ(単位は、m)
L:冷媒燃焼下限界LFL(単位は、kg・m-3)
N:冷媒体積濃度(単位は、vol%)
P:圧力(単位は、Pa)
Q:体積流量速度(単位は、m3・s-1)
R:弁漏れ量許容倍数
Δp:差圧(単位は、Pa)
S:安全係数
U:冷媒分子量
v:速度(単位は、m・s-1)
X :ガス側遮断弁における冷媒漏えい速度に対する液側遮断弁における冷媒漏えい速度の比
Y :変更前のガス側遮断弁における冷媒漏えい速度に対する変更後のガス側遮断弁における冷媒漏えい速度の比
κ:空気比熱比
λ:冷媒比熱比
ρ:質量密度(単位は、kg・m-3)
a:空気
d:ドアの下の隙間
g:気相
l:液相
m:冷媒と空気の混合
r:冷媒
s:冷媒漏えい点
v:遮断弁
G:ガス側ライン
L:液側ライン
1:上流
2:下流
max:許容
0 :変更前
00:変更後
(5-1)
2017年9月1日発行の日本冷凍空調工業会のガイドラインである「微燃性(A2L)冷媒を使用した業務用エアコンの冷媒漏えい時の安全確保のための施設ガイドライン」(JRA GL-16:2017)には、「付属書A(規定)安全遮断弁の仕様」が用意されている。「付属書A(規定)安全遮断弁の仕様」においては、流体が空気であってガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁の前後の差圧が1MPaであるときに、ガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁の遮断時漏れ量が、300(cm3/min)であることを満たすよう規定されている。
本実施形態では、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dとして、遮断時漏れ量が300×R(cm3/min)よりも大きいものを採用している。その一方で、液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dについては、遮断時漏れ量が300×R(cm3/min)よりも小さいものを採用している。これにより、安全性を確保しつつ、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dの製造コストを低減することができている。ここでは液側遮断弁及びガス側遮断弁の遮断時漏れ量を変更するにあたり、(4-4)で計算した、Rを考慮している。従って、安全性を確保しつつ、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dの製造コストを低減することができている。
上記のガイドラインでは、ガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁の遮断時漏れ量は、一律に、300(cm3/min)以下に抑えるように要求されている。しかし、この場合、比較的大きい弁口径を有する傾向のあるガス側遮断弁の製造あるいは購入に係るコストの増大を招く。そこで、本実施形態では、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68d及び液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dにおける冷媒漏えい速度が、上記のガイドラインに従って、ガス側遮断弁及び液側遮断弁に対して同一の弁隙間を想定した場合における冷媒漏えい速度の合計と等しくなるような範囲で、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68d及び液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dのそれぞれの遮断時漏れ量を、300×R(cm3/min)から変更して設計又は選定する。
空気調和装置1では、その利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dが設置される部屋(所定空間)SPの寸法(ドアDRの下の隙間UCの寸法や天井高さ)、冷媒の種類(R32)、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dの設置場所(床置きではなく天井設置)などの条件に合わせて、上記の(4-3)~(4-4-2)で述べた方法で遮断弁に要求される最大遮断時漏れ量を算出し、液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71d及びガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dの仕様を決めている。具体的には、上記のガイドラインの付属書Aで規定されている仕様における、300(cm3/min)といった遮断時漏れ量の基準値に対して、どの程度許容量を大きくできるのかを、300(cm3/min)に対する倍率Rとして算出している。そして、上記の表5にあるような具体的な倍率Rの数値を求めている。Rは、ここでは、冷媒としてR32を使って部屋SPの天井に利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dを設置する場合、安全係数Sを4とすれば、表5に示すとおり倍率R=1.96となる。
上記のガイドラインの付属書Aで規定されている仕様における、300(cm3/min)といった遮断時漏れ量の基準値に対して、どの程度許容量を大きくできるのかを算出するための倍率Rは、許容平均濃度、漏れ高さ、及び冷媒の種類の少なくとも1つに基づいて決められている。
なお、所定空間SPが、ドアDRの下に隙間UCを有しない場合等を考慮して、上記のような倍率Rの数値の計算を行わずに、単にR=1として、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68d及び液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dの遮断時漏れ量を計算して、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68d及び液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dを設計又は選定することも可能である。
(6-1)
上記の実施形態に係る空気調和装置1は、ビル等の建物の部屋(所定空間SP)に設置されるが、他の建物の内部空間に設置される場合には、遮断弁の仕様の設計又は選定も所定空間SPの条件に合うように変更すればよい。例えば、工場の内部空間、厨房、データセンタ、電算機室、商業施設の内部空間、など、様々な空間に対して、適切な遮断弁の設計又は選定をすることができる。
上記の実施形態の説明では、空気調和装置1の冷媒回路10を循環させる冷媒としてR32を例にとって説明したが、他の可燃性冷媒を使う場合には、先述の通り冷媒の分子量やLFLなどの条件の違いに応じて倍率Rを算出し、それに合った液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71d及びガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dの仕様を設計又は選定することになる。
上記の実施形態では、冷媒漏えい時の空気調和装置1の動作の一例として図5に示す制御フローを示したが、冷媒漏えい時の動作として他の動作を行わせることもできる。例えば、冷媒漏えいを検知したときに、ポンプダウン運転を行わせ、その後に遮断弁を閉める制御を行ってもよい。
上記の実施形態では、ステップS4およびステップS5において、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dに冷房運転を行わせ、熱源側膨張弁25の開度を小さくして、利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dに流れていく冷媒の圧力を下げている。しかし、この制御は一例であり、他の制御を行ってもよい。
上記の実施形態では、利用側ユニットの例として、天井に埋め込まれる形で設置される利用側ユニット3a、3b、3c、3dを挙げているが、他の形式の利用側ユニットであっても遮断弁の設計又は選定方法は同様である。例えば、天井吊り下げタイプの利用側ユニットでも、床置きタイプの利用側ユニットでも、側壁に固定される壁掛けタイプの利用側ユニットでも、上記の(式23)によって倍率Rを求めることができる。
ガス側遮断弁は一般に、弁口径が大きく、同一差圧での遮断時漏れ量が大きくなる傾向がある。一方で、液側遮断弁は一般に、弁口径が小さく、同一差圧での遮断時漏れ量が小さくなる傾向がある。そのため、上記の実施形態では、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dの弁口径が、液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dの弁口径よりも大きい状況を想定してきた。しかしながら、仮に、液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dの弁口径が、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dの弁口径以上の大きさを有する場合であったとしても、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68dの遮断時漏れ量を上記のガイドラインが定める遮断時漏れ量よりも大きくして、液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dの遮断時漏れ量を上記のガイドラインが定める遮断時漏れ量よりも小さくすることにより、上記のガイドラインから想定される冷媒漏えい速度以下に抑えることができる。ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68d及び液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dを1つずつ設置する形態のほか、ガス側遮断弁を2つ、液側遮断弁を1つ設置する形態も考えられる。
本実施形態においては、標準状態で気相単相となっている気体として、「空気」を用いて、ガス側遮断弁68a、68b、68c、68d及び液側遮断弁71a、71b、71c、71dの遮断時漏れ量を評価している。しかしながら、遮断時漏れ量を評価する気体としては、「空気」に限られず、「窒素」などを含む、標準状態で気相単相となっているガス種であれば良い。
3aa、3bb、3cc、3dd 第1部分(利用側回路)
10 冷媒回路
19 制御部
68a、68b、68c、68d ガス側遮断弁
71a、71b、71c、71d 液側遮断弁
79a、79b、79c、79d 検知部(冷媒漏えい検知部)
SP 所定空間
Claims (8)
- 可燃性の冷媒を冷媒回路(10)において循環させる冷媒サイクル装置(1)であって、
前記冷媒回路の第1部分(3aa、3bb、3cc、3dd)の両側に設けられる、ガス側遮断弁(68a、68b、68c、68d)及び液側遮断弁(71a、71b、71c、71d)と、
前記第1部分から所定空間(SP)への冷媒の漏えいを検知する検知部(79a、79b、79c、79d)と、
前記検知部が、前記第1部分から前記所定空間への冷媒の漏えいを検知したときに、前記ガス側遮断弁及び前記液側遮断弁を遮断状態とする、制御部(19)と、
を備え、
前記ガス側遮断弁及び前記液側遮断弁の遮断時漏れ量は、遮断状態における前後の差圧が所定圧力であるときの、標準状態で気相単相となっている気体の漏れ量であって、
前記ガス側遮断弁の前記遮断時漏れ量は、前記液側遮断弁の前記遮断時漏れ量よりも大きい、
冷媒サイクル装置。 - 前記遮断時漏れ量は、温度が20℃で前記所定圧力が1MPaであるときの空気の漏れ量であって、
前記ガス側遮断弁の前記遮断時漏れ量は、
300×R(cm3/min)より大きく、
前記液側遮断弁の前記遮断時漏れ量は、
300×R(cm3/min)より小さい、
請求項1に記載の冷媒サイクル装置。 - 前記ガス側遮断弁の前記遮断時漏れ量は、
300×R(cm3/min)の1.0~2.7倍以下であり、
前記液側遮断弁の前記遮断時漏れ量は、
300×R(cm3/min)の0.94倍以下である、
請求項1に記載の冷媒サイクル装置。 - 前記ガス側遮断弁の前記遮断時漏れ量は、
300×R(cm3/min)の1.6倍~2.7倍の範囲にあり、
前記液側遮断弁の前記遮断時漏れ量は、
300×R(cm3/min)の0.37倍~0.94倍の範囲にある、
請求項1に記載の冷媒サイクル装置。 - R=1
である、
請求項2から4のいずれか1つに記載の冷媒サイクル装置。 - R=
(ρmd×Vmd×Ad)/(Cr×(2×ΔPr/ρ1r)0.5×Av×ρ1rl
+
Av×(2/(λ+1))((λ+1)/2(λ-1))
×(λ×P1r×ρ1rg)0.5)
であり、
Avは、前記ガス側遮断弁及び前記液側遮断弁それぞれの、前記遮断状態における弁隙間断面積(m2)であり、
ρ1rlは、液相冷媒の密度(kg/m3)であり、
ρ1rgは、ガス相冷媒の密度(kg/m3)であり、
P1rは、前記ガス側遮断弁及び前記液側遮断弁それぞれの、上流側の冷媒の圧力(MPa)であり、
λは、冷媒の比熱比であり、
ρmdは、前記所定空間の内外を仕切るドアの隙間を通る、空気及び冷媒の混合気体の密度(kg/m3)であり、
Vmdは、前記所定空間の内外を仕切るドアの隙間を通る、空気及び冷媒の混合気体の速度(m/s)であり、
Adは、前記所定空間の内外を仕切るドアの隙間の面積(m2)であり、
ΔPrは、冷媒が漏えいしている箇所の穴の内側及び外側の圧力差(Pa)であり、
Crは、冷媒が漏えいしている箇所の穴を液相の冷媒が通過する際の冷媒の流量係数であって、0.6である、
請求項2から4のいずれか1つに記載の冷媒サイクル装置。 - 許容平均濃度は、前記所定空間に漏えいした冷媒の平均濃度であって、前記所定空間に漏えいした冷媒が燃焼するおそれがないと認められる範囲の濃度であり、
漏れ高さは、前記所定空間に冷媒が漏えいする際の、前記所定空間における前記第1部分の位置であり、
Rが、前記許容平均濃度、前記漏れ高さ、及び冷媒の種類の少なくとも1つに基づいて決められている、
請求項2から4のいずれか1つに記載の冷媒サイクル装置。 - 前記可燃性の冷媒は、
米国ANSI/ASHRAE34-2013規格に従い「2Lクラス」と判断される、微燃性の冷媒、
米国ANSI/ASHRAE34-2013規格に従い「2クラス」と判断される、弱燃性の冷媒、
あるいは
米国ANSI/ASHRAE34-2013規格に従い「3クラス」と判断される、強燃性の冷媒
である、
請求項1から7のいずれか1つに記載の冷媒サイクル装置。
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| CN202080043527.6A CN113994151A (zh) | 2019-06-14 | 2020-06-09 | 制冷剂循环装置 |
| AU2020290866A AU2020290866B2 (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2020-06-09 | Refrigerant cycle apparatus |
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