WO2020004117A1 - 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 - Google Patents
抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020004117A1 WO2020004117A1 PCT/JP2019/023969 JP2019023969W WO2020004117A1 WO 2020004117 A1 WO2020004117 A1 WO 2020004117A1 JP 2019023969 W JP2019023969 W JP 2019023969W WO 2020004117 A1 WO2020004117 A1 WO 2020004117A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
- B23K11/25—Monitoring devices
- B23K11/252—Monitoring devices using digital means
- B23K11/256—Monitoring devices using digital means the measured parameter being the inter-electrode electrical resistance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
- B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resistance spot welding method, and particularly, even when the influence of disturbances such as shunting and gaps is large, while ensuring a stable nugget diameter under a sheet set including a high-strength steel sheet, and joint strength.
- the goal is to improve the quality of the work.
- resistance spot welding which is a type of lap resistance welding, is used for joining superposed steel sheets.
- This welding method is a method in which a high current welding current is applied for a short time between upper and lower electrodes while two or more steel plates are sandwiched and pressed by a pair of electrodes from above and below the steel plates.
- a point-like welded portion can be obtained.
- the spot-like welded portion is called a nugget, and is a portion where both steel sheets are melted and solidified at a contact point of the steel sheets when an electric current is applied to the superposed steel sheets. With this nugget, the steel plates are joined in a point-like manner.
- the nugget diameter is determined by welding conditions such as a welding current, a conduction time, an electrode shape, and a pressing force. Therefore, in order to form an appropriate nugget diameter, it is necessary to appropriately set the above welding conditions in accordance with the conditions of the material to be welded, such as the material of the material to be welded, the plate thickness, and the number of overlaps.
- a resistance welding apparatus provided with a function (stepper function) of compensating for a decrease in current density due to electrode wear by increasing a welding current value when welding is performed a predetermined number of times is conventionally used.
- stepper function a function of compensating for a decrease in current density due to electrode wear by increasing a welding current value when welding is performed a predetermined number of times.
- it is necessary to appropriately set the above-described welding current change pattern in advance.
- the predetermined welding current change pattern cannot always be said to be appropriate.
- a contact point when there is disturbance during welding, for example, when there is a point already welded (welding point) near the point to be welded, or when the surface unevenness of the material to be welded is large near the point where welding is performed, If there is a contact point, the current is shunted to a welded point (hereinafter, also referred to as a hit point) or a contact point during welding. In such a state, even if welding is performed under predetermined conditions, the current density at the position to be welded immediately below the electrode is reduced, so that a nugget having a required diameter cannot be obtained. To compensate for this shortage of heat and obtain a nugget of a required diameter, it is necessary to set a high welding current in advance.
- the gap between the steel sheets may increase. As a result, the contact diameter between the steel sheets may be reduced, and scattering may easily occur.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a first step of generating a nugget by gradually increasing a current flowing through a high-tensile steel sheet, a second step of decreasing the current after the first step, By performing spot welding by a process including a third step of gradually increasing the current and increasing the current after two steps, and gradually decreasing the conduction current, it is possible to suppress dispersion caused by poor adaptation at the beginning of the conduction. Is described.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the surface of the work piece is softened by maintaining a current value that can suppress generation of spatter for a predetermined time at the beginning of the energization time, and thereafter, the current value is maintained high for a predetermined time to generate spatter. It describes a method for controlling the energization of spot welding in which a nugget is grown while suppressing the temperature.
- Patent Literature 3 discloses a control device for a resistance welding machine that attempts to obtain a set nugget diameter by controlling the output of the welding machine by comparing the estimated temperature distribution of a welded portion with a target nugget. .
- Patent Document 4 discloses that a welding current is simulated by detecting a welding current and a voltage between chips, performing a simulation of a welded portion by heat conduction calculation, and estimating a state of formation of a nugget of the welded portion during welding, thereby performing good welding. A method for controlling welding conditions of a resistance welding machine is described.
- Patent Literature 5 discloses that, based on the thickness and energization time of an object to be welded, the cumulative heat generation per unit volume at which the object to be welded can be satisfactorily welded is calculated.
- a welding system that performs a process of adjusting to a welding current or a voltage that generates a calorific value of the resistance
- a resistance welding system that attempts to perform good welding regardless of the type of an object to be welded or an abrasion state of an electrode is described. I have.
- JP-A-2003-236677 JP 2006-43731 A JP-A-9-216071 JP-A-10-94883 JP-A-11-33743
- Patent Literatures 1 to 5 have a problem that there is no discussion on a technique for improving the joint strength in welding a plate assembly including a high-strength steel sheet.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above problems, while obtaining a nugget of an appropriate diameter regardless of the presence or absence of disturbance, high-strength steel sheet (particularly, tensile strength is 590MPa or more, further 980MPa or more)
- a resistance spot welding method capable of improving the joint strength (hereinafter, also referred to as the joint strength of a high-strength steel sheet) in the welding of a sheet set including the above steel sheet.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a welding member, in which a plurality of superposed metal plates are joined by the above-described resistance spot welding method.
- the inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object and obtained the following knowledge.
- a disturbance such as a shunt or a plate gap
- the obtained nugget diameter fluctuates even if welding is performed by constant current control under the same conditions as when there is no disturbance.
- test welding is performed in advance, and so-called adaptive control welding is performed in which the cumulative heating value obtained in the test welding is set to a target value and the amount of current (current and voltage between electrodes) is controlled. Therefore, it is possible to perform appropriate energization in consideration of the influence of disturbance, and as a result, it is possible to obtain a constant nugget diameter regardless of disturbance.
- the adaptive control is performed while shortening the energizing time in the post-energization in a state where the influence of the shunt is remarkable, the current control by the adaptive control cannot catch up, and a target heat generation amount may not be obtained.
- the present inventors have studied this point in more detail, and have obtained the following findings. That is, when the energization time in the post-energization is short, in order to obtain a stable heat treatment effect, the post-energization is not so-called adaptive control in which the electric characteristics obtained at the time of the post-energization are sequentially fed back. Estimate the influence of disturbance based on the electrical characteristics between the electrodes during the main energization of the test welding and the main energization of the main welding, and perform the constant current control with the current value determined in consideration of the influence of the external disturbance. was found to be effective. The present invention has been completed based on the above findings and further studies.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1.
- a resistance spot welding method in which a material to be welded obtained by stacking a plurality of metal plates is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes and energized and joined while applying pressure, Main welding and test welding prior to the main welding shall be performed,
- In the main energization of the test welding Calculated from the electrical characteristics between the electrodes in the case of forming an appropriate nugget by conducting current by constant current control, storing the time change curve of the instantaneous heat generation per unit volume and the cumulative heat generation per unit volume,
- Energized by constant current control In the energization after the test welding, Energized by constant current control,
- the average value of the inter-electrode resistance in the main energization of the test welding and the main energization of the main welding is RBtm and RBam, respectively, and the current value of the energization after the test welding is Itp, and the current value of the energization after the main welding is ,
- Iap satisfies the following equation: 0.8 ⁇ Itp ⁇ (RBtm / RBam) ⁇ Iap ⁇ 1.2 ⁇ Itp ⁇ (RBtm / RBam)
- the time change amount of the instantaneous heat generation amount per unit volume deviates from the time change curve of the instantaneous heat generation amount per unit volume set to the target value.
- the accumulated heat generation per unit volume in the main energization of the main welding is the accumulated heat generation per unit volume set to the target value.
- a method for manufacturing a welded member comprising joining a plurality of superposed metal plates by the resistance spot welding method according to any one of the above 1 to 4.
- the present invention it is possible to stably secure a constant nugget diameter regardless of the presence or absence of disturbance, and to obtain a high joint strength even in a plate assembly including a high-strength steel plate. Further, according to the present invention, there is a case where workpieces flowing one after another in an actual operation such as automobile manufacturing are continuously welded (the state of disturbance varies for each welding position or workpiece). However, it is possible to stably secure a desired nugget diameter in response to fluctuations in the state of disturbance, and as a result, it is extremely advantageous in terms of improving work efficiency and yield.
- the present invention is a resistance spot welding method in which a material to be welded in which a plurality of metal plates are overlapped is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes and energized and joined while applying pressure.
- Main welding and test welding prior to the main welding shall be performed, (A) In the test welding, main energization for forming a nugget and post energization for post heat treatment are performed, In the main energization of the test welding, Calculated from the electrical characteristics between the electrodes in the case of forming an appropriate nugget by conducting current by constant current control, storing the time change curve of the instantaneous heat generation per unit volume and the cumulative heat generation per unit volume, In the energization after the test welding, Energized by constant current control, (B) Then, in the main welding, main energization for forming a nugget and post energization for post heat treatment are performed, In the main energization of the main welding, Set the time change curve of the instantan
- the welding device that can be used in the resistance spot welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention may be any device that includes a pair of upper and lower electrodes and that can control the pressing force and the welding current during welding, respectively.
- the pressure mechanism air cylinder, servomotor, etc.
- type stationary type, robot gun, etc.
- electrode shape etc.
- the electrical characteristics between the electrodes means resistance between electrodes or voltage between electrodes.
- test welding In test welding, the main current for forming the nugget and the post current for the post heat treatment are respectively performed by constant current control. Then, in the actual energization of the test welding, the time change curve of the instantaneous calorific value per unit volume and the time change curve per unit volume calculated from the electrical characteristics between the electrodes when energizing by constant current control to form an appropriate nugget. The accumulated heat value is stored. Note that the test welding may be performed in a state where there is no disturbance, or may be performed in a state where disturbance such as a shunt or a plate gap is present (a state where a disturbance is assumed).
- the energization pattern in the main energization of the test welding is divided into two or more steps as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and (b), as well as the energization pattern in which the current value is constant during energization.
- An energization pattern in which a constant current value is set for each step may be used.
- an energization pattern of two or more steps in which a cooling time is provided between the steps may be used, or a slope-shaped energization pattern as shown in FIGS. 1 (d) to (f). Is also good.
- an energization pattern combining these may be used.
- the constant current control includes not only an energizing pattern in which the current value is kept constant during energization, but also an energizing pattern as shown in FIGS. 1A to 1F and an energizing pattern in which these are combined. Shall be considered. The same applies to constant current control performed by energization after test welding and main welding.
- the preferred range of the current value of the main current in the test welding varies depending on the plate assembly to be welded.
- TS tensile strength
- a 980 MPa class steel plate having a plate thickness of 1.2 to 1.6 mm is assembled.
- the value of the main current in test welding be in the range of 3.0 to 12.0 kA.
- the total energizing time (excluding the energizing suspension time) in the main energization of the test welding is preferably set to 60 to 1000 ms.
- the energization is performed by constant current control to perform the post heat treatment.
- the time change curve of the instantaneous calorific value per unit volume and the cumulative calorific value per unit volume may or may not be stored.
- the preferred range of the post-current current value in test welding varies depending on the plate assembly to be welded. For example, TS (tensile strength): a 980 MPa class steel plate having a thickness of 1.2 to 1.6 mm is assembled. It is preferable that the post-energization current value in test welding be in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 kA. Further, the energization time in the post-energization for each test welding is preferably 10 to 200 ms.
- Main welding After the above test welding, perform the main welding.
- the time change curve of the instantaneous heat generation per unit volume and the accumulated heat generation per unit volume stored in the main energization of the test welding are set to target values, and the energization amount is set in accordance with the target value.
- welding is performed on the basis of the time change curve of the instantaneous heat generation per unit volume and the accumulated heat generation per unit volume set to the target value in the main energization of the test welding described above.
- the welding is performed as it is and the welding is completed.
- the time variation of the instantaneous heat generation per unit volume deviates from the reference time variation curve, in order to compensate for the deviation within the energization time of the remaining main welding,
- the energization amount is controlled such that the accumulated heat generation amount per unit volume in the main energization matches the accumulated heat generation amount per unit volume set as the target value.
- the method of calculating the heat value q per unit volume / time and the cumulative heat value Q per unit volume by this method is as follows.
- the total thickness of the material to be welded is t
- the electrical resistivity of the material to be welded is r
- the voltage between the electrodes is V
- the welding current is I
- the area where the electrode contacts the material to be welded is S.
- the welding current has a cross-sectional area of S and passes through a columnar portion having a thickness of t to generate resistance heat.
- the calorific value q per unit volume / time in the columnar portion is obtained by the following equation (1).
- the heat value q per unit volume / time can be calculated from the voltage V between the electrodes, the total thickness t of the workpiece and the electrical resistivity r of the workpiece. It is not affected by the area S where the workpiece contacts the workpiece.
- the calorific value is calculated from the voltage V between the electrodes.
- the calorific value q can be calculated from the current I between the electrodes. There is no need to use Then, by accumulating the calorific value q per unit volume / time over the energization period, the accumulated calorific value Q per unit volume added to welding can be obtained.
- the accumulated heat value Q per unit volume can also be calculated without using the area S where the electrode and the workpiece are in contact.
- the case where the accumulated heat value Q is calculated by the method described in Patent Document 5 has been described, but it goes without saying that other calculation formulas may be used.
- the post-energization after the main welding it is important to perform the energization by the constant current control with the current value determined based on the electric characteristics between the electrodes in the main energization in the test welding and the main energization in the main welding.
- the post-energization by the adaptive control is performed in the presence of the disturbance, the current density distribution of the welded portion and, consequently, the heat generation form change due to the disturbance, and a predetermined heat treatment effect may not be obtained.
- RBtm and RBam are the average values of the inter-electrode resistance in the main welding of the test welding and the main welding of the main welding, respectively, the current value of the current after the test welding is Itp, and the current value of the current after the main welding is Iap. Then, by selecting a condition where Iap satisfies the following equation, and performing energization by constant current control in the energization after the main welding, even when there is disturbance and the energization time is short, the predetermined heat treatment is performed. The effect is obtained.
- the time average value of the inter-electrode resistance during the energization excluding the cooling time is expressed as:
- the average value of the interelectrode resistance is used. That is, the value obtained by dividing the time integral value of the inter-electrode resistance in the main energization and the post energization by the total energization time in the main energization and the post energization (excluding the energization suspension time) is defined as the interelectrode resistance in the main energization and the post energization.
- the average value of the resistance is used.
- the average value of the current value in the main energization of the test welding and the main welding may be used.
- the average values of the current values in the main energization of the test welding and the main welding are IBtm and IBam, respectively, under the condition that Iap satisfies the following equation, the energization by the constant current control in the energization after the main welding is performed. By doing so, a predetermined heat treatment effect can be obtained even when there is disturbance and the energization time is short.
- the value obtained by dividing the time integral value of the current value in the main energization and the post-energization by the total energization time in the main energization and the post-energization (excluding the energization suspension time) is the current value in the main energization and the post-energization, respectively. Average value. Further, it is preferable that the energization time in the post energization per main welding is 10 to 200 ms.
- an energization suspension time may be set between the main energization and the post-energization.
- the power supply suspension time is preferably from 20 to 2000 ms.
- the energization suspension after the main energization and the post-energization may be repeated two or more times. Thereby, a predetermined heat treatment effect can be obtained more advantageously. That is, even if excessive heat is generated in the first post-energization to cause re-melting, heat treatment is performed in the second post-current to obtain an effect of improving joint strength.
- the upper limit of the number of repetitions is not particularly limited, but is about 10 times.
- the energization time, the energization suspension time, and the current value may be set to different values each time.
- the current value Itp of the energization after the test welding and the current value Imp of the energization after the main welding are a time integral value of the current in the energization after, The value is divided by the total energizing time in post energization (excluding the energizing suspension time).
- the conditions of the main welding other than the above may be basically the same as the conditions of the test welding.
- the present invention can be applied to steel plates having various strengths from mild steel to ultra-high-strength steel plates and plated steel plates. Further, the present invention can be applied to a plate assembly in which three or more steel plates are stacked, but it is advantageous that at least one of the plate assemblies has a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more.
- the pressing force during energization may be constant or may be changed as appropriate.
- the preferred range of the applied pressure varies depending on the plate set as the material to be welded. For example, when two sheets of 980 MPa class steel sheets having a thickness of 1.2 to 1.6 mm are used for the plate set, The pressure is preferably in the range of 1.5 to 10.0 kN.
- the conditions in the example are one example of conditions adopted to confirm the operability and effect of the present invention. It is not limited to the example conditions.
- the present invention can employ various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the conduction pattern of the test welding.
- FIG. 2A shows the case where the main energization is one-stage energization
- FIG. 2B shows the case where the main energization is two-stage energization.
- the test welding is performed without any disturbance as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 4 (a), and the main welding is performed without any disturbance similar to the test welding, and FIG. ), As shown in FIG. 4 (b), in the presence of disturbance.
- FIG. 3 (a) shows a state in which there is no hit point in a two-ply stack
- FIG. 3 (b) shows a state in which there is a hit point in a two-ply stack.
- the hit point interval L (center-to-center distance) between the hit point and the welding point is as follows. Various changes were made.
- FIG. 4A shows a state in which three sheets are stacked and there is no hit point
- FIG. 4B shows a state where three sheets are stacked and there is a hit point.
- the “energization time for post-energization” in the test welding conditions in Table 2 and the main welding conditions in Table 3 is the energization time for post-energization per cycle.
- the energization suspension time, the post-energization current value, and the post-energization energization time under the test welding conditions in Table 2 and the main welding conditions in Table 3 were the same in all the post-energization times. Further, for those described as “constant current control” in the “main current control method” in the main welding conditions in Table 3, the constant current control under the same conditions as the test welding was performed. In addition, “Equation (A)”, “Equation (B)”, and “Equation (C)” described in the column of “Method of determining current value in case of constant current control” in Table 3 correspond to actual welding, respectively.
- Iap The current value in the post-energization: Iap is expressed by the above equation: 0.8 ⁇ Itp ⁇ (RBtm / RBam) ⁇ Iap ⁇ 1.2 ⁇ Itp ⁇ (RBtm / RBam). B), which means determined by equation (C).
- ⁇ B No hitting points or LTS of 2.0 kN or more with hitting interval L ⁇ 10 mm, LTS of less than 2.0 kN with hitting interval L ⁇ 10 mm, and no scattering.
- ⁇ F There is no hitting point or LTS is less than 2.0kN or hitting interval L ⁇ 10mm.
- the evaluation was either A or B.
- all the evaluations were A under the conditions in which the energization suspension after the main energization and the post-energization were repeated two or more times.
- all the comparative examples which did not satisfy the appropriate conditions of the present invention were evaluated as F, and could not obtain sufficient joint strength.
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Abstract
Description
この溶接法は、重ね合わせた2枚以上の鋼板を挟んでその上下から一対の電極で加圧しつつ、上下電極間に高電流の溶接電流を短時間通電して接合する方法であり、高電流の溶接電流を流すことで発生する抵抗発熱を利用して、点状の溶接部が得られる。この点状の溶接部はナゲットと呼ばれ、重ね合わせた鋼板に電流を流した際に鋼板の接触箇所で両鋼板が溶融し、凝固した部分である。このナゲットにより、鋼板同士が点状に接合される。
例えば、特許文献1には、高張力鋼板への通電電流を漸変的に上昇させることによりナゲット生成を行なう第1ステップと、上記第1ステップの後に電流を下降させる第2ステップと、上記第2ステップ後に電流を上昇させて本溶接すると共に、漸変的に通電電流を下降させる第3ステップとを備えた工程によりスポット溶接を行なうことで、通電初期のなじみ不良に起因する散りを抑制しようとする高張力鋼板のスポット溶接方法が記載されている。
また、本発明は、上記の抵抗スポット溶接方法により、重ね合わせた複数枚の金属板を接合する、溶接部材の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
前述したように、分流や板隙といった外乱が存在すると、外乱が無い場合と同じ条件で定電流制御による溶接を行ったとしても、得られるナゲット径は変動する。
この点、事前にテスト溶接を行い、本溶接を、当該テスト溶接で得られた累積発熱量を目標値に設定して通電量(電流および電極間電圧)を制御するいわゆる適応制御溶接を行うことで、外乱の影響を加味した適切な通電を行うことが可能となり、その結果、外乱によらず一定のナゲット径を得ることが可能となる。
しかし、外乱の存在下で適応制御による後通電を行うと、外乱により溶接部の電流密度分布、ひいては発熱形態が変化し、所定の熱処理効果が得られない場合がある。例えば、後通電における通電時間は短いほど、生産性の観点からは有利になる。しかし、分流の影響が顕著な状態で後通電における通電時間を短くして適応制御を行うと、適応制御による電流の制御が追い付かず、目標とする発熱量が得られない場合がある。
すなわち、後通電における通電時間が短い場合に、安定した熱処理効果を得るためには、後通電を、当該後通電時に得られる電気特性を逐次フィードバックするようないわゆる適応制御ではなく、
テスト溶接の本通電および本溶接の本通電における電極間の電気特性を基に、外乱の影響を推定し、外乱の影響を加味して決定した電流値で、定電流制御により行う、
ことが有効であるとの知見を得た。
本発明は、上記の知見に基づき、さらに検討を加えて完成されたものである。
1.複数枚の金属板を重ね合わせた被溶接材を、一対の電極によって挟み、加圧しながら通電して接合する抵抗スポット溶接方法であって、
本溶接と、該本溶接に先立つテスト溶接とを行うものとし、
(a)前記テスト溶接では、ナゲットを形成するための本通電および後熱処理のための後通電を行い、
前記テスト溶接の本通電では、
定電流制御により通電して適正なナゲットを形成する場合の電極間の電気特性から算出される、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を記憶させ、
前記テスト溶接の後通電では、
定電流制御により通電し、
(b)ついで、前記本溶接では、ナゲットを形成するための本通電および後熱処理のための後通電を行い、
前記本溶接の本通電では、
前記テスト溶接の本通電における単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を目標値に設定し、該目標値に従って通電量を制御する適応制御溶接を行い、
前記本溶接の後通電では、
前記テスト溶接の本通電および前記本溶接の本通電における電極間の電気特性を基に決定した電流値で、定電流制御による通電を行う、
抵抗スポット溶接方法。
0.8×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)≦Iap≦1.2×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)
また、本発明によれば、自動車の製造などの実作業において次々と流れてくる被処理材を連続的に溶接する(溶接位置や被処理材ごとに外乱の状態が変動する)場合であっても、外乱の状態の変動に有効に対応して所望のナゲット径を安定的に確保することが可能となり、その結果、作業効率や歩留まりの向上という点でも極めて有利となる。
本溶接と、該本溶接に先立つテスト溶接とを行うものとし、
(a)前記テスト溶接では、ナゲットを形成するための本通電および後熱処理のための後通電を行い、
前記テスト溶接の本通電では、
定電流制御により通電して適正なナゲットを形成する場合の電極間の電気特性から算出される、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を記憶させ、
前記テスト溶接の後通電では、
定電流制御により通電し、
(b)ついで、前記本溶接では、ナゲットを形成するための本通電および後熱処理のための後通電を行い、
前記本溶接の本通電では、
前記テスト溶接の本通電における単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を目標値に設定し、該目標値に従って通電量を制御する適応制御溶接を行い、
前記本溶接の後通電では、
前記テスト溶接の本通電および前記本溶接の本通電における電極間の電気特性を基に決定した電流値で、定電流制御による通電を行う、というものである。
テスト溶接では、ナゲットを形成するための本通電および後熱処理のための後通電をそれぞれ定電流制御により行う。
そして、テスト溶接の本通電では、定電流制御により通電して適正なナゲットを形成する場合の電極間の電気特性から算出される、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を記憶させる。
なお、テスト溶接は、外乱のない状態で行っても、分流や板隙などの外乱がある状態(外乱を想定した状態)で行ってもよい。
なお、定電流制御には、通電中にわたり電流値を一定とする通電パターンはもとより、上記した図1(a)~(f)に示すような通電パターン、さらに、これらを組み合わせた通電パターンも含むものとする。テスト溶接および本溶接の後通電で行う定電流制御についても同様である。
さらに、テスト溶接の本通電における合計の通電時間(通電休止時間を除く)は、60~1000msとすることが好ましい。
また、テスト溶接における後通電の電流値の好適範囲は、被溶接材とする板組みによって変化するが、例えば、TS(引張強さ):板厚1.2~1.6mmの980MPa級の鋼板を板組みに使用する場合、テスト溶接における後通電の電流値は3.0~15.0kAの範囲とすることが好ましい。
さらに、テスト溶接の1回あたりの後通電における通電時間は、10~200msとすることが好ましい。
上記のテスト溶接後、本溶接を行う。
本溶接の本通電では、上記テスト溶接の本通電で記憶させた単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を目標値に設定し、該目標値に従って通電量を制御する適応制御溶接を行う。
この本溶接の本通電における適応制御溶接では、例えば、上記のテスト溶接の本通電で目標値に設定した単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線および累積発熱量を基準として溶接を行い、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化量が基準である時間変化曲線に沿っている場合には、そのまま溶接を行って溶接を終了する。ただし、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化量が基準である時間変化曲線から外れた場合には、その外れ量を残りの本溶接の本通電における通電時間内で補償すべく、本溶接の本通電での単位体積当たりの累積発熱量が、目標値として設定した単位体積当たりの累積発熱量と一致するように通電量を制御する。
被溶接材の合計厚みをt、被溶接材の電気抵抗率をr、電極間電圧をV、溶接電流をIとし、電極と被溶接材が接触する面積をSとする。この場合、溶接電流は横断面積がSで、厚みtの柱状部分を通過して抵抗発熱を発生させる。この柱状部分における単位体積・単位時間当たりの発熱量qは次式(1)で求められる。
q=(V・I)/(S・t) --- (1)
また、この柱状部分の電気抵抗Rは、次式(2)で求められる。
R=(r・t)/S --- (2)
(2)式をSについて解いてこれを(1)式に代入すると、発熱量qは次式(3)
q=(V・I・R)/(r・t2)
=(V2)/(r・t2) --- (3)
となる。
以上、特許文献5記載の方法によって、累積発熱量Qを算出する場合について説明したが、その他の算出式を用いても良いのは言うまでもない。
前述したとおり、外乱の存在下で適応制御による後通電を行うと、外乱により溶接部の電流密度分布、ひいては発熱形態が変化し、所定の熱処理効果が得られない場合がある。特に、分流の影響が顕著な状態で後通電における通電時間を短くして適応制御を行うと、適応制御による電流の制御が追い付かず、目標とする発熱量が得られない場合がある。
一方、本溶接の後通電を、テスト溶接の本通電および本溶接の本通電における電極間の電気特性を基に決定した電流値で、定電流制御による通電を行えば、外乱があり、かつ通電時間が短い場合にも、所定の熱処理効果が得られる。
そのため、本溶接の後通電では、テスト溶接の本通電および本溶接の本通電における電極間の電気特性を基に決定した電流値で、定電流制御による通電を行うことが重要である。
0.8×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)≦Iap≦1.2×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)
これは、テスト溶接の本通電における電極間抵抗と、本溶接の本通電における電極間抵抗との比(RBtm/RBam)から、外乱の影響を加味したうえで、後通電に必要な電流値をおおよそ推定できるためである。
より好ましくは、
0.9×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)≦Iap≦1.1×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)
である。
なお、テスト溶接および本溶接の本通電において、図1(c)のように通電中に冷却時間が設けられている場合は、冷却時間を除いた通電中における電極間抵抗の時間平均値を、電極間抵抗の平均値とする。
すなわち、本通電および後通電における電極間抵抗の時間積分値をそれぞれ、(通電休止時間を除いた)本通電および後通電における合計の通電時間で除した値を、本通電および後通電における電極間抵抗の平均値とする。
この場合、テスト溶接および本溶接の本通電における電流値の平均値をそれぞれIBtm、IBamとしたとき、Iapが以下の式を満足する条件で、前記本溶接の後通電における定電流制御による通電を行うことにより、外乱があり、かつ通電時間が短い場合にも、所定の熱処理効果が得られる。
0.8×Itp×(IBam/IBtm)≦Iap≦1.2×Itp×(IBam/IBtm)
より好ましくは、
0.9×Itp×(IBam/IBtm)≦Iap≦1.1×Itp×(IBam/IBtm)
である。
なお、テスト溶接および本溶接の本通電において、図1(c)のように通電中に冷却時間が設けられている場合は、冷却時間を除いた通電中における電流値の時間平均値を、電流値の平均値とする。
すなわち、本通電および後通電における電流値の時間積分値をそれぞれ、(通電休止時間を除いた)本通電および後通電における合計の通電時間で除した値を、本通電および後通電における電流値の平均値とする。
さらに、本溶接の1回あたりの後通電における通電時間は、10~200msとすることが好適である。
さらに、図2(a)および(b)に示すように、テスト溶接および本溶接とも、本通電後の通電休止および後通電を2回以上繰り返してもよい。これにより、より有利に所定の熱処理効果が得られる。すなわち、仮に1回目の後通電で過剰発熱となり再溶融が生じたとしても、2回目の後通電で熱処理を行い、継手強度を向上させる効果が得られる。繰り返し回数の上限は特に限定されるものではないが、10回程度である。また、回ごとに、通電時間や通電休止時間、電流値をそれぞれ違う値に設定してもよい。
なお、本通電後の通電休止および後通電を2回以上繰り返す場合、テスト溶接の後通電の電流値Itpおよび本溶接の後通電の電流値Impは、当該後通電における電流の時間積分値を、(通電休止時間を除いた)後通電における合計の通電時間で除した値とする。
テスト溶接の通電パターンを図2に示す。図2(a)は本通電を1段通電とした場合、図2(b)は本通電を2段通電とした場合である。
ここで、テスト溶接は、図3(a)、図4(a)に示すように、外乱の無い状態で行い、本溶接は、テスト溶接と同様の外乱の無い状態、および、図3(b)、図4(b)に示すように、外乱の存在する状態で行った。
図3(a)は2枚重ねで既打点が無い状態、図3(b)は2枚重ねで既打点がある状態であり、既打点と溶接点との打点間隔L(中心間距離)は種々変化させた。
また、図4(a)は3枚重ねで既打点が無い状態、図4(b)は3枚重ねで既打点がある状態である。
なお、表2のテスト溶接条件および表3の本溶接条件における「後通電の通電時間」は1回あたりの後通電の通電時間である。また、表2のテスト溶接条件および表3の本溶接条件における通電休止時間、後通電の電流値および後通電の通電時間は、後通電の全ての回で同じとした。
さらに、表3の本溶接条件における「本通電の制御方式」で「定電流制御」と記載されているものについては、テスト溶接と同じ条件の定電流制御を行った。
加えて、表3の「定電流制御の場合の電流値決定方法」の欄に記載された「式(A)」、「式(B)」、「式(C)」は、それぞれ、本溶接の後通電における電流値:Iapを、上掲式:0.8×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)≦Iap≦1.2×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)の範囲内になる、以下の式(A)、式(B)、式(C)により、決定したことを意味する。
式(A):Iap=0.8×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)
式(B):Iap=1.0×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)
式(C):Iap=1.2×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)
なお、既打点がある状態で本溶接を行った場合には、L字引張試験片から既打点部分を切除したうえで、後述する引張試験を行った。
得られたL字引張試験片を用いて、引張速度(長手方向):10mm/minの条件で引張試験を行い、継手強度(LTS:L字引張強さ)を測定した。そして、溶接時の散り有無および継手強度から、以下の3段階で評価した。
・A: 打点間隔LによらずLTSが2.0kN以上、かつすべて散り無し。
・B: 既打点無しまたは打点間隔L≧10mmでLTSが2.0kN以上、打点間隔L<10mmでLTSが2.0kN未満、かつすべて散り無し。
・F: 既打点無しまたは打点間隔L≧10mmでLTSが2.0kN未満、または散りあり。
これに対し、本発明の適正条件を満たさない比較例はいずれも、評価はFであり、十分な継手強度を得ることができなかった。
Claims (5)
- 複数枚の金属板を重ね合わせた被溶接材を、一対の電極によって挟み、加圧しながら通電して接合する抵抗スポット溶接方法であって、
本溶接と、該本溶接に先立つテスト溶接とを行うものとし、
(a)前記テスト溶接では、ナゲットを形成するための本通電および後熱処理のための後通電を行い、
前記テスト溶接の本通電では、
定電流制御により通電して適正なナゲットを形成する場合の電極間の電気特性から算出される、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を記憶させ、
前記テスト溶接の後通電では、
定電流制御により通電し、
(b)ついで、前記本溶接では、ナゲットを形成するための本通電および後熱処理のための後通電を行い、
前記本溶接の本通電では、
前記テスト溶接の本通電における単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を目標値に設定し、該目標値に従って通電量を制御する適応制御溶接を行い、
前記本溶接の後通電では、
前記テスト溶接の本通電および前記本溶接の本通電における電極間の電気特性を基に決定した電流値で、定電流制御による通電を行う、
抵抗スポット溶接方法。 - 前記テスト溶接の本通電および前記本溶接の本通電における電極間抵抗の平均値をそれぞれRBtm、RBamとし、また、前記テスト溶接の後通電の電流値をItp、前記本溶接の後通電の電流値をIapとしたとき、該Iapが以下の式を満足する、請求項1に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
0.8×Itp×(RBtm/RBam)≦Iap≦1.2×Itp×(RBtm/RBam) - 前記本溶接の本通電における適応制御溶接において、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化量が、前記目標値に設定した単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線から外れた場合には、その外れ量を残りの前記本溶接の本通電における通電時間内で補償すべく、前記本溶接の本通電での単位体積当たりの累積発熱量が前記目標値に設定した単位体積当たりの累積発熱量と一致するように通電量を制御する、請求項1または2に記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
- 前記本溶接の本通電と後通電の間に、通電休止時間を設定し、かつ、本通電後の通電休止および後通電を2回以上繰り返す、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の抵抗スポット溶接方法により、重ね合わせた複数枚の金属板を接合する、溶接部材の製造方法。
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| PCT/JP2019/023969 Ceased WO2020004117A1 (ja) | 2018-06-29 | 2019-06-17 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12151299B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3815833B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6652228B1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102415946B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN112262012B (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX2020013762A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2020004117A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11903656B2 (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2024-02-20 | Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. | Automatic control and enhancement of 4D ultrasound images |
| WO2025159214A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-14 | 2025-07-31 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | スポット溶接継手の製造方法 |
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- 2019-06-17 US US17/252,728 patent/US12151299B2/en active Active
- 2019-06-17 CN CN201980039753.4A patent/CN112262012B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3815833B1 (en) | 2024-01-10 |
| CN112262012A (zh) | 2021-01-22 |
| KR20210019565A (ko) | 2021-02-22 |
| US12151299B2 (en) | 2024-11-26 |
| EP3815833A1 (en) | 2021-05-05 |
| US20210213556A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
| JP6652228B1 (ja) | 2020-02-19 |
| KR102415946B1 (ko) | 2022-06-30 |
| CN112262012B (zh) | 2022-03-15 |
| EP3815833A4 (en) | 2021-09-22 |
| JPWO2020004117A1 (ja) | 2020-07-02 |
| MX2020013762A (es) | 2021-03-02 |
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