WO2020067384A1 - 成形燃料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
成形燃料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020067384A1 WO2020067384A1 PCT/JP2019/038043 JP2019038043W WO2020067384A1 WO 2020067384 A1 WO2020067384 A1 WO 2020067384A1 JP 2019038043 W JP2019038043 W JP 2019038043W WO 2020067384 A1 WO2020067384 A1 WO 2020067384A1
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- biomass
- coal
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- carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
- C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a molded fuel and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a technique of roasting biomass in order to improve crushability.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a technique for roasting biomass in order to improve the calorific value of the biomass. In these Patent Documents 2 and 3, it is proposed to use a solid fuel obtained by roasting biomass by co-firing with coal.
- Solid fuel may be stored in silos, for example.
- the R70 method for evaluating the spontaneous heat generation of coal is known (see Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- JP 2016-23280 A International Publication No. WO 2014/050964 JP 2017-39933 A JP-A-2019-066296
- the present disclosure provides a method for producing a molded fuel capable of producing a molded fuel having a high calorific value and excellent handling properties while using biomass having a bulk density different from that of coal. Further, the present invention provides a molded fuel having a high calorific value and excellent handling properties while containing biomass having a bulk density different from that of coal.
- a method for producing a shaped fuel according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a carbonization step of carbonizing coal containing at least one of lignite and subbituminous coal to obtain carbonized coal, and biomass semi-carbide obtained by carbonizing carbonized coal and biomass. And a molding step of obtaining a molded fuel by molding a mixture containing:
- the calorific value can be increased as compared with the case of using coal containing at least one of lignite and subbituminous coal. it can.
- the fuel is formed by the forming process, the handleability is excellent as compared with a fuel in which both are simply mixed without forming. Therefore, it is possible to produce a molded fuel having high calorie and excellent handling while using biomass.
- the above-described production method has a half-carbonization step of obtaining half-carbonized biomass by half-carbonizing biomass, and a pulverizing step of pulverizing the half-carbonized biomass, and mixing and mixing the pulverized biomass half-carbide and carbonized coal. May be obtained. Biomass semi-carbide is easier to grind than biomass. For this reason, the time and energy required for pulverization can be reduced. Therefore, a molded fuel can be efficiently produced.
- the above-described production method may include an oxidation treatment step for oxidizing each of the carbonized coal and the biomass semi-carbide.
- the carbonized coal may be heated to a temperature range of 160 ° C. or more and 240 ° C. or less
- the biomass semi-carbide may be heated to a temperature range of 100 ° C. or more and less than 200 ° C.
- the surface components of the carbonized coal and the biomass semi-carbide are oxidized and the surface state is stabilized, so that the self-heating property is reduced and the spontaneous ignition property is suppressed.
- the oxidative decomposition accompanying the oxidation treatment is suppressed, and the yield of the formed fuel can be increased.
- the above-described production method may include a semi-carbonizing step of obtaining a mixture by semi-carbonizing biomass using the sensible heat of carbonized coal.
- biomass is semi-carbonized using the sensible heat of the carbonized coal, so that energy loss can be reduced and a biomass semi-carbide and a molded fuel can be efficiently produced.
- the manufacturing method described above may include a pulverizing step of pulverizing the mixture before the forming step.
- Biomass semi-carbide is easier to grind than biomass. For this reason, the time and energy required for pulverization can be reduced. Therefore, a molded fuel can be manufactured more efficiently.
- the milling step may be between a torrefying step and a forming step.
- biomass may be heated to 200 to 450 ° C. by mixing it with dry distillation coal in a temperature range of 400 to 800 ° C. to perform semi-carbonization.
- biomass semi-carbide having both high calorific value and good pulverizability can be produced sufficiently efficiently.
- the temperature of the biomass mixed with the carbonized coal may be 150 ° C. or less.
- the manufacturing method described above may include an oxidation treatment step of oxidizing the mixture in a temperature range of 140 ° C. or more and 240 ° C. or less.
- an oxidation treatment step of oxidizing the mixture in a temperature range of 140 ° C. or more and 240 ° C. or less.
- the biomass Before semi-carbonizing the biomass, it has a coarse grinding step of coarsely grinding the biomass so that the average value of the particle size of the biomass is more than 7 mm and less than 50 mm, and a drying step of drying the coarsely ground biomass. You may. This makes it possible to further improve the handling properties while sufficiently progressing the carbonization of the biomass.
- the mixture may be molded using a binder containing polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification of 99 mol% or more.
- a binder containing polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification of 99 mol% or more By using polyvinyl alcohol having a high degree of saponification, the water resistance of the molded fuel can be improved.
- polyvinyl alcohol having a high degree of saponification is dried, the hydroxyl groups in each molecule are bonded by a hydrogen bond, and exhibit excellent water resistance. That is, since the polyvinyl alcohol molecules contained as a binder in the molded fuel are strongly bonded to each other, high strength can be maintained even when wet with water.
- the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 1700 or more. As a result, the strength of the formed fuel, especially when dried, can be further improved.
- the COD of the water is preferably 500 ppm by mass or less.
- fuel ratio fixed carbon (FC) / volatile matter (VM)
- the molded fuel may contain polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification of 99 mol% or more. This makes it possible to improve the water resistance while sufficiently increasing the crushing strength of the molded fuel.
- the COD of the water is preferably 500 ppm by mass or less.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a molding fuel according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for measuring the strength of a molded fuel.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a molding fuel according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the torrefying temperature of the biomass and the calorific value of the torrefied biomass.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing evaluation results of a hard glove crushing index (HGI) of biomass semi-carbide.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in crushing strength depending on the amount of polyvinyl alcohol added.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of the calorific value of oxidation of the mixture and the coal.
- HGI hard glove crushing index
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the measurement results of the calorific value of oxidation of the carbonized coal, the biomass semi-carbide and the coal.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a two-stage combustion type test apparatus used in the experimental example.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the unburned content and the NOx concentration when the solid fuels of Examples 2 to 5 and the bituminous coal of Reference Example 2 were burned.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the evaluation results of the self-heating properties of the solid fuels of Examples 2 to 5 and the bituminous coal of Reference Example 2 by the R70 method.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the method for producing a molded fuel according to the present embodiment.
- the method for producing a shaped fuel according to the present embodiment includes a coarse crushing step S1 for coarsely crushing biomass, a drying step S2 for drying biomass, a crushing step S3 for crushing coal containing at least one of lignite and subbituminous coal, and crushing.
- Drying step S4 for drying the dried coal
- dry distillation step S5 for dry-distilling the dried coal to obtain dry-distilled coal, mixing the dry-distilled coal with biomass, and semi-carbonizing the biomass using the sensible heat of the dry-distilled coal to obtain biomass.
- It has a torrefying step S6 for obtaining a mixture of torrefied charcoal and dry distillation coal, a pulverizing step S7 for pulverizing the mixture, and a forming step S8 for forming a pulverized material to obtain a formed fuel.
- biomass refers to biological resources other than fossil fuels.
- biomass include thinned wood, pruned branches, waste wood, bark chips, other wood, bamboo, grass, palm husk, palm oil residue, vegetables, fruits, food residues, sludge, and the like.
- woody biomass such as thinned wood, pruned branches, waste wood, bark chips, and other wood is preferred.
- Coal may be low-grade coal such as subbituminous coal and lignite from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources. Even when low-grade coal is used, spontaneous combustion can be suppressed by reducing the surface area as a molding fuel.
- the biomass is cut and crushed.
- the average value of the particle size is preferably more than 7 mm, more preferably 10 mm or more, from the viewpoint of improving the handling property in the subsequent step.
- the average value of the particle size is preferably less than 50 mm, more preferably less than 40 mm, from the viewpoint of sufficiently progressing the torrefying in the torrefying step described below.
- the average value of the particle size is a particle size at which the integrated weight ratio when the crushed pieces of biomass are sieved and the particle size distribution is obtained is 50%.
- the bulk density of the biomass may be, for example, from 0.1 to 0.6 g / cm 3 .
- the water content of the biomass may be, for example, 10 to 60% by mass, or 30 to 60% by mass.
- the biomass is dried in the air, for example, in a temperature range of 20 to 150 ° C.
- the drying step S2 may be performed in an inert gas atmosphere. Further, it may be performed in the exhaust gas of the combustion furnace.
- the water content of the biomass is reduced to, for example, 0 to 30% by mass.
- the drying step S2 may be performed using a normal electric furnace or the like, or may be performed using an indirect heater or an air fluidized bed dryer.
- the time of the drying step S2 is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted according to the water content and size of the biomass.
- the coal is crushed.
- the size of the crush is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of smoothly proceeding the carbonization, the average value of the particle size of the coal is preferably less than 50 mm, more preferably less than 30 mm, and even more preferably less than 10 mm.
- the average value of the particle size is a particle size at which the cumulative weight ratio when a crushed piece of coal is sieved and the particle size distribution is obtained is 50%.
- the water content of the coal is, for example, 30 to 60% by mass.
- the next drying step S4 is performed according to the moisture of the coal.
- the coal is dried by heating it in the air, for example, to a temperature range of 40 to 150 ° C.
- the drying step S4 may be performed in an inert gas atmosphere. Further, it may be performed in the exhaust gas of the combustion furnace.
- the water content of the coal is reduced to, for example, 10 to 20% by mass.
- the drying step S4 may be performed using a normal electric furnace or the like, or may be performed using an indirect heater or an air fluidized bed dryer.
- the time of the drying step S4 is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted according to the moisture content and size of the coal.
- the coal dried in the drying step S4 is carbonized to obtain carbonized coal.
- the dry distillation step S5 may be performed without performing the drying step S4. In this case, the moisture of the coal is reduced at the beginning of the dry distillation step S5.
- carbonized coal having a temperature of, for example, 400 to 800 ° C., preferably 450 to 650 ° C. is obtained.
- the carbonization step S5 can be performed using a normal carbonization furnace such as a vertical shaft furnace, a coke furnace, or a tunnel kiln furnace.
- Table 1 shows an example of the properties of the dry coal obtained by heating lignite at 400 to 800 ° C. for 1 hour in an oxygen-free atmosphere using an electric furnace.
- Table 1 shows the results of industrial analysis, elemental analysis, and higher calorific value measurement of brown coal before carbonization and carbonized coal obtained by carbonization at each temperature. As shown in Table 1, the amount of carbon in coal increases with an increase in the carbonization temperature and the desorption of volatile components, and the calorific value increases. A similar tendency exists not only for brown coal but also for subbituminous coal.
- the average value of the particle size of the carbonized coal is preferably less than 50 mm, more preferably less than 30 mm, and even more preferably less than 10 mm.
- the average value of the particle size is a particle size at which the integrated weight ratio when the crushed pieces of the carbonized coal is sieved and the particle size distribution is obtained is 50%.
- torrefying step S6 dry-distilled coal in a temperature range of 400 to 800 ° C. and biomass at normal temperature (for example, 40 ° C. or less) are mixed, and the biomass is torrefied using the sensible heat of the dry-distilled coal to produce A mixture comprising carbonized coal is obtained.
- the biomass is mixed with the dry-distilled coal heated in the dry-distillation step S5
- the biomass is heated from normal temperature to a temperature of 200 to 450 ° C. (half-carbonization temperature) to become biomass semi-carbonized.
- the term “semi-carbonized” in the present disclosure refers to a state in which carbonization has been performed and a portion of the biomass has been carbonized, but not completely carbonized, leaving room for carbonization.
- the torrefying step S6 can be performed in a state where the contact with the air is almost or completely cut off.
- the equipment for example, a vertical shaft furnace or a kiln may be used.
- the torrefying temperature at the time of torrefying the biomass is preferably a temperature exceeding 200 ° C, more preferably 250 ° C or more, and further preferably 280 ° C or more.
- the torrefying temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or lower, more preferably 350 ° C. or lower.
- the carbonized coal and the biomass may be mixed so that the higher calorific value of the formed fuel is 6000 [kcal / kg-dry] or more, or may be mixed so as to be 6200 [kcal / kg-dry] or more.
- biomass may be mixed at a ratio of 1 to 80 parts by mass or 10 to 70 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the carbonized coal and the biomass.
- the temperature of the dry distillation coal mixed with the biomass may be adjusted.
- the combustible gas and tar components generated by the torrefaction of biomass may be recovered as fuel. This fuel may be used, for example, as a fuel in the carbonization step S5.
- the surplus heat may be recovered as steam and used effectively.
- the calorific value can be increased.
- the calorific value (higher calorific value) of the biomass semi-carbide may be, for example, 5000 kcal / kg-dry or more, or 5500 kcal / kg-dry or more.
- the high calorific value of the biomass carbonized material can be, for example, 1.1 times or more, preferably 1.2 times or more.
- a mixture containing the carbonized coal and the biomass semi-carbide is pulverized.
- the particle size after pulverization is preferably less than 10 mm, more preferably less than 5 mm, from the viewpoint of improving moldability.
- Biomass semi-carbonized material is more excellent in pulverizability than biomass before semi-carbonized. For this reason, the time and energy required for pulverization can be reduced as compared with the case where biomass before semi-carbonization is pulverized. Therefore, a molded fuel can be efficiently produced.
- the bulk density of the biomass semi-carbide may be, for example, 0.1-0.5 g / cm 3 .
- the bulk density of the carbonized coal may be, for example, 0.3 to 0.9 g / cm 3 .
- a forming material obtained by crushing the mixture in the crushing step S7 is formed to obtain a forming fuel.
- equipment for forming a forming raw material include a usual double roll forming machine and a uniaxial press forming machine.
- the shape of the molding fuel obtained by molding the molding material is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a Macek type, a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, an almond shape, or a prismatic shape.
- the average value of the particle size of the molded fuel is preferably 5 mm or more, and more preferably 10 mm or more, from the viewpoint of improving handling properties.
- the average value of the particle size is a particle size at which the integrated weight ratio when the formed fuel is sieved and the particle size distribution is obtained is 50%.
- the density of the shaped fuel may be, for example, from 0.7 to 1.5 g / ml.
- the molding pressure is, for example, 0.5 to 10 ton / cm in linear pressure and 20 to 390 MPa in surface pressure, for example.
- a binder may be blended with a mixture (pulverized material) of carbonized coal and biomass semi-carbide to form a molding material.
- a binder for example, polyvinyl alcohol can be used. Thereby, a molded fuel excellent in strength and water resistance can be manufactured.
- the biomass is partially carbonized by the sensible heat of the carbonized coal in the carbonization step S6, it is possible to efficiently produce a molded fuel having a high calorific value with reduced energy loss. Further, since the carbonization step S5 is performed, the calorific value of the molded fuel can be increased as compared with the case where coal is used as it is.
- a molded fuel is produced by the molding step S8 of molding a molding raw material obtained by pulverizing a mixture containing dry distillation coal and biomass semi-carbide.
- the production method having such a molding step S8 is easier to handle than a method in which biomass or biomass semi-carbide and coal or carbonized coal are mixed and burned, and a method in which these are separately charged into a combustion facility. Excellent.
- the strength of the molded fuel can be quantified as the crushing strength measured using the measuring device 10 shown in FIG.
- a cylindrical (15 mm diameter ⁇ 15 mm height) molded fuel 16 is prepared as a sample.
- the molded fuel 16 is arranged on the support plate 17 arranged on the bottom plate of the gantry 18 so that the peripheral surface of the molded fuel 16 to be measured and the upper surface of the support plate 17 are in contact with each other.
- the movable plate 14 attached to the gantry 18 so as to be able to move up and down is lowered, and the formed fuel 16 is sandwiched between the movable plate 14 and the support plate 17.
- a load is applied in the radial direction of the molded fuel 16.
- the crushing strength is determined from the load when the molded fuel 16 breaks.
- a drying step of drying the molded article using, for example, an electric furnace or a drier to reduce moisture may be performed after the molding step S8.
- the molded fuel may be obtained by drying the molded product. Drying may be performed, for example, in air at 60 to 100 ° C. or in an inert gas atmosphere for 30 minutes to 20 hours. Further, it may be performed in the exhaust gas of the combustion furnace. Such drying reduces the water content of the formed fuel to preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the moisture of the molded fuel can be measured by a heating and drying method (a method of measuring the mass before and after the heating and drying) using a moisture meter.
- the crushing strength of the formed fuel after the drying step is preferably 100 N or more, more preferably 150 N or more.
- the crushing strength of the formed fuel after immersion in water at 20 ° C. for 24 hours is preferably 40 N or more, more preferably 50 N or more.
- the molded fuel of the present embodiment can maintain high strength not only during drying but also when wet with water, for example, by using polyvinyl alcohol as a binder.
- the polyvinyl alcohol used as a binder used in the molding step S8 has a degree of saponification of at least 99 mol%, preferably at least 99.3 mol%, more preferably more than 99.3 mol%, and still more preferably more than 99.8 mol%. )).
- the degree of saponification indicates the ratio of units actually saponified to vinyl alcohol units among units that can be converted to vinyl alcohol units by saponification.
- the degree of saponification can be measured by a neutralization titration method according to JIS K 6726-1994. Specifically, a phenolphthalein solution is added to polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium hydroxide is added dropwise until it becomes pale red. The residue (residual acetic acid group) is determined from the dropped amount, and the degree of saponification is calculated.
- the degree of saponification is calculated by a formula of n / (m + n) ⁇ 100 in polyvinyl alcohol having a molecular structure as shown in the following formula (1).
- Partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol has a molecular structure as shown in the following formula (1), while fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol has almost all acetic acid groups replaced with hydroxyl groups as shown in the following formula (2). .
- a molded fuel obtained by molding with a binder containing an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification of 99 mol% or more has excellent water resistance.
- the degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 99.3 mol% or more, more preferably more than 99.3 mol%, and even more preferably more than 99.8 mol%, from the viewpoint of further increasing the strength of the molded fuel.
- the polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 1700 or more, more preferably 2500 or more, and further preferably 3300 or more, particularly from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the formed fuel when dried.
- the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol can be measured by a solution viscosity measurement method according to JIS K6726-1994.
- the content of polyvinyl alcohol in the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 1 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 2 to 10% by mass. This makes it easier to knead with the powdery molding material, thereby improving the dispersibility. Therefore, the uniformity of the forming raw material is improved, and the variation in the strength of the forming fuel can be reduced.
- the aqueous binder solution is superior in safety as compared to a binder composed of only combustible substances. Further, since the molding material and the binder can be kneaded even at room temperature without heating, it is possible to knead sufficiently safely even dry-distilled coal having spontaneous ignition. However, kneading by heating is not excluded.
- the forming raw material can be prepared by mixing and kneading a mixture of carbonized coal and biomass semi-carbide and an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol.
- aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol Depending on the viscosity of the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol or the content of polyvinyl alcohol in the aqueous solution, water may also be blended and kneaded.
- the mixing ratio of the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol to 100 parts by mass of the powdery mixture may be, for example, 5 to 50 parts by mass, or 5 to 30 parts by mass, from the viewpoint of sufficiently increasing both moldability and kneading properties. Department.
- the content of polyvinyl alcohol in the molded fuel is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and more preferably 1.5% by mass or more.
- the content of polyvinyl alcohol in the molding raw material is preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the water content in the molding raw material is preferably 20 to 40% by mass from the viewpoint of sufficiently increasing both the moldability and the kneading properties.
- the binder may contain components other than polyvinyl alcohol and water. Such components may be water-soluble.
- ⁇ -starch is preferred from the viewpoint of production cost. Since ⁇ -starch is usually cheaper than polyvinyl alcohol, the production cost of a molded fuel can be reduced by substituting a part of polyvinyl alcohol with ⁇ -starch. When ⁇ -starch is used, the strength of the formed fuel at the time of drying can be sufficiently increased.
- the blending ratio of ⁇ -starch to 100 parts by mass of the mixture is preferably 1 to 9 parts by mass from the viewpoint of sufficiently increasing the strength during drying while maintaining water resistance.
- a mixture containing carbonized coal and biomass semi-carbide is placed between the semi-carbonization step S6 and the forming step S8, for example, in a temperature range of 140 ° C. or higher and 240 ° C. or lower, preferably 160 ° C. or lower.
- the oxidation treatment step may be performed before the pulverizing step S7 or may be performed after the pulverizing step S7. When the oxidation treatment is performed in such a temperature range, the functional groups on the surface of the carbonized coal are oxidized, and the oxygen content increases.
- the surface components of the carbonized coal are oxidized and the surface state is stabilized, self-heating is reduced and spontaneous combustion is suppressed. Further, the oxidative decomposition accompanying the oxidation treatment is suppressed, and the yield of the formed fuel can be increased.
- the time for oxidizing the raw coal in the above temperature range is preferably 60 minutes or less. Thereby, the yield of the formed fuel can be sufficiently increased.
- the atmosphere in the oxidation treatment step is not particularly limited as long as the atmosphere contains oxygen, and may be air or a mixed atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen and oxygen. Further, it may be exhaust gas from a combustion furnace.
- the oxygen concentration may be, for example, 2 to 13% by volume or 3 to 10% by volume from the viewpoint of safety and efficiency of the oxidation treatment.
- the “volume%” is a volume ratio under the condition of a standard state (25 ° C., 100 kPa).
- the functional groups on the surface of the raw coal are oxidized.
- the volatile matter (VM) of the molded fuel may be 5% by mass or more or 10% by mass or more from the viewpoint of increasing the usefulness as a fuel.
- the volatile matter (VM) of the molded fuel may be 30% by mass or less or 25% by mass or less from the viewpoint of further reducing spontaneous combustion.
- the volatile matter in the present specification is a value on a water-free basis measured in accordance with “Square Electric Furnace Method” of JIS M 8812: 2006.
- FIG. 3 shows a method for producing a molded fuel according to another embodiment.
- This production method comprises a coarse crushing step S1 for coarsely crushing biomass, a drying step S2 for drying biomass, a crushing step S3 for crushing coal, a drying step S4 for drying coal, and a dry distillation coal for carbonizing coal.
- a forming step S8 for obtaining fuel.
- the coarse crushing step S1, the drying step S2, the crushing step S3, the drying step S4, the carbonization step S5, and the forming step S8 can be performed in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment. Therefore, the description of the above embodiment can be applied.
- the biomass may be semi-carbonized using another heat source instead of the sensible heat of the carbonized coal.
- the sensible heat of the carbonized coal may be used as a part of the heat source.
- Biomass torrefied is obtained by heating biomass to a temperature of from 200 to 450 ° C (torrefring temperature).
- the semi-carbonizing step S6 ' can be performed in a state where the contact with the air is almost or completely cut off.
- a vertical shaft furnace or a kiln may be used.
- a part of the biomass may be semi-carbonized using the sensible heat of the carbonized coal, and the remaining biomass may be semi-carbonized using another heat source. This allows for flexible operation.
- the biomass semi-carbide is pulverized.
- the particle size after pulverization is preferably less than 10 mm, more preferably less than 5 mm, from the viewpoint of improving moldability.
- Biomass semi-carbonized material is more excellent in pulverizability than biomass before semi-carbonized. For this reason, the time and energy required for pulverization can be reduced as compared with the case where biomass before semi-carbonization is pulverized. Therefore, a molded fuel can be efficiently produced.
- the biomass semi-carbide may be mixed in a ratio of 1 to 80 parts by mass with respect to the total 100 parts by mass of the carbonized coal and the biomass semi-carbide, and the biomass semi-carbide may be mixed in a ratio of 10 to 70 parts by mass. You may mix. As a result, it is possible to obtain a molded fuel capable of achieving both a high calorific value and excellent flammability at a high level.
- the mixture obtained by mixing the dry distillation coal and the biomass semi-carbide for example, in a temperature range of 140 ° C or higher and 240 ° C or lower, preferably 160 ° C or higher. Further, an oxidation treatment step of performing an oxidation treatment in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or lower may be performed.
- the oxidation treatment step may be performed between the semi-carbonizing step S6 ′ and the pulverizing step S7 ′, or may be performed by separately oxidizing the biomass semi-carbide and the dry-distilled coal before mixing the dry-distilled coal and the biomass semi-carbide. You may.
- the time for the oxidation treatment in the above temperature range is preferably 60 minutes or less. Thereby, the yield of the formed fuel can be sufficiently increased.
- the atmosphere in the oxidation treatment step is not particularly limited as long as the atmosphere contains oxygen, and may be air or a mixed atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen and oxygen. Further, it may be exhaust gas from a combustion furnace.
- the oxygen concentration may be, for example, 2 to 13% by volume or 3 to 10% by volume from the viewpoint of safety and efficiency of the oxidation treatment.
- the “volume%” is a volume ratio under the condition of a standard state (25 ° C., 100 kPa).
- the oxidation of the dry-distilled carbon may be performed at 160 ° C or higher and 240 ° C or lower, or 160 ° C or higher and 220 ° C or lower.
- the oxidation treatment of the biomass semi-carbide may be performed at 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 200 ° C., or 130 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower. Even if the biomass semi-carbide is oxidized at a temperature lower than that of the dry distillation coal, the safety can be sufficiently improved.
- the shaped fuel may include a ground product of a mixture of carbonized coal and biomass semi-carbide. Such a molded fuel is excellent in handling properties.
- the coal may include at least one of lignite and sub-bituminous coal. Thereby, the calorific value of the molding fuel can be sufficiently increased.
- the content ratio of the carbonized coal and the biomass semi-carbide may be such that the calorific value of the molded fuel is 6000 [kcal / kg-dry] or more on an anhydrous basis, and 6200 [kcal / kg-dry] or more on an anhydrous basis. It may be a certain ratio.
- the molding fuel may be obtained by molding a molding raw material containing the above-mentioned pulverized material and an aqueous binder solution.
- the aqueous binder solution may be an aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification of 99 mol% or more. By including such polyvinyl alcohol, the water resistance can be improved while the crushing strength of the molded fuel is sufficiently increased.
- the crushing strength of the formed fuel after drying is preferably 100 N or more, more preferably 150 N or more.
- the crushing strength of the molded fuel after immersion in water at 20 ° C. for 24 hours is preferably 40 N or more, more preferably 50 N or more.
- the crushing strength 50N is such a strength that the lowermost molded fuel is not destroyed by its own weight when it is piled up in a pile height of 15m in a yard, and that the powdering during transportation can be suppressed. Strength.
- the molded fuel according to one embodiment has a calorific value equal to or higher than that of thermal coal for coal-fired power generation while using low-grade coal such as lignite and sub-bituminous coal and biomass as raw materials, and has a CO2 value by mixing biomass. 2 Emissions can be reduced.
- the COD of the water may be 500 mass ppm or less, 400 mass ppm or less, or 300 mass ppm or less. Is also good. Thereby, for example, when piled up in the yard, the influence on the environment can be sufficiently reduced.
- the turbidity of water may be 200 degrees or less, or 100 degrees or less.
- the oil content in the water may be 1 wt ppm or less.
- the molded fuel may be processed to an arbitrary size and used as a solid fuel. Further, a solid fuel may be obtained by mixing other particulate matter with a molding fuel.
- the content of biomass semi-carbide in the molded fuel may be 1 to 80 parts by mass, or may be 10 to 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of carbonized coal and biomass semi-carbide. This makes it possible to achieve both a high calorific value and excellent flammability at a high level.
- the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments.
- the coarse crushing step S1 and the crushing step S3 may not be performed depending on the sizes of biomass and coal.
- the drying may be performed in the dry distillation step S5 or the semi-carbonizing steps S6 and S6 '.
- FIG. 4 plots the calorific value (higher calorific value) of the biomass semi-carbide shown in Table 2 on an anhydrous basis. From these results, it was confirmed that the calorific value can be increased by carbonizing biomass.
- the hard glove grindability index (HGI) of biomass and biomass semi-carbide was measured according to JIS M # 8801. The results were as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the plot at the torrefying temperature of 25 ° C. shows the result of the biomass before torrefying. As shown in FIG. 5, it was confirmed that biomass semi-carbide was more easily crushed than biomass. Common coal has a hard glove grindability index (HGI) of 30 to 70 (the area between two solid lines in FIG. 5). From these results, it was confirmed that when the torrefying temperature was 200 ° C. or more, the torrefied biomass could have pulverizability equal to or higher than that of coal.
- HGI hard glove grindability index
- Example 1 A mixture was obtained by mixing the biomass semi-carbide shown in Table 2 (semi-carbonization temperature: 320 ° C.) with the carbon fraction obtained by carbonizing coal at 480 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- the mixing ratio was 30 parts by mass of biomass semi-carbide and 70 parts by mass of dry-distilled coal with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of biomass semi-carbide and dry-distilled coal.
- the average particle size of both the biomass semi-carbide and the carbonized coal was 0.2 mm.
- the mixture was mixed with an aqueous solution (aqueous binder solution) containing a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification:> 99.85 mol%, degree of polymerization: 1700) at a concentration of 10% by mass, and water to obtain a molding raw material.
- aqueous binder solution containing a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol (degree of saponification:> 99.85 mol%, degree of polymerization: 1700) at a concentration of 10% by mass, and water to obtain a molding raw material.
- a plurality of molding materials were prepared by changing the mixing ratio at this time within the range of 10 to 40 parts by mass of the aqueous binder solution (1 to 4 parts by mass as the binder) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the mixture.
- Each molding raw material was molded using a uniaxial pressure molding machine (molding pressure: 283 MPa) to produce a cylindrical (15 mm diameter ⁇ 15 mm height) molded fuel.
- the produced molded fuel was dried in air at 80 ° C. for 15 hours.
- the water content after drying was measured by a heat drying method using a commercially available water content meter, and was 2% by mass.
- the crushing strength of the dried molded fuel was measured using the measuring device of FIG.
- the measurement results were as shown in Table 3 (after drying) and FIG. 6 (black circles).
- the remarks in Table 3 show the types of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Example 2 A mixture was obtained by mixing the biomass semi-carbide (320 ° C.) shown in Table 2 with carbonized carbon obtained by carbonizing coal at 480 ° C. for 60 minutes. The mixing ratio was set to 50 parts by mass of biomass semi-carbide and 50 parts by mass of dry-distilled coal with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of biomass semi-carbide and carbonized coal.
- FIG. 7 shows the evaluation results of the mixture not subjected to the oxidation treatment step (dashed line 2) and the evaluation results of the coal (subbituminous coal and bituminous coal) (subbituminous coal: broken line 3, bituminous coal: two-dot chain line 4). Indicated. As shown in FIG. 7, it was confirmed that the oxidation treatment of the mixture made it difficult to generate heat and improved the safety.
- the oxidation treatment of the biomass semi-carbide was performed by heating at 160 ° C. for 60 minutes in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 5% by volume.
- the oxidation treatment of the carbonization was performed by heating at a temperature of 220 ° C. for 40 minutes in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 5% by volume. From the results shown in FIG. 8, it was confirmed that the safety of the carbonized coal and the biomass semi-carbide was improved by performing the oxidation treatment.
- the coal dry distillation temperature, biomass semi-carbonization temperature, and mixing ratio in Experimental Examples 1 and 2 are examples. By adjusting these, it is possible to produce a molded fuel having an arbitrary heating value of, for example, 6,000 [kcal / kg-dry] or more and 7,900 [kcal / kg-dry] or less.
- the mixing ratio of the biomass semi-carbide can also be appropriately changed.
- Table 4 also shows the results of the industrial analysis of the molded fuel and the amount of CO 2 emitted when the fuel was used in thermal power generation.
- the amount of CO 2 emitted when coal and biomass in a calorific value ratio of 3% are co-fired without half-carbonizing conventional biomass is about 0.838 kg-CO 2 / kWh.
- Table 4 by increasing the mixing ratio of the biomass semi-carbide in the molded fuel, the CO 2 emission can be significantly reduced. Further, when the mixing ratio of the biomass semi-carbide is increased, the volatile matter (VM) is increased, and the combustibility is improved.
- Example 4 A mixture was obtained by mixing the biomass semi-carbide (320 ° C.) shown in Table 2 with carbonized carbon obtained by carbonizing coal at 480 ° C. for 60 minutes. The mixing ratio was set to 50 parts by mass of biomass semi-carbide and 50 parts by mass of dry-distilled coal with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of biomass semi-carbide and carbonized coal.
- the mixture, the aqueous binder solution used in Experimental Example 1, and water were mixed to obtain a forming raw material.
- the mixing ratio at this time was 30 parts by mass of the aqueous binder solution (3 parts by mass as the binder) and 10 parts by mass of water with respect to 100 parts by mass of the mixture.
- the produced molded fuel was dried in the air for 5 hours in the air.
- the molding pressure was 3 t / cm.
- the weight of the formed fuel after drying was 135 g, and the water content was about 7% by mass (Example 1).
- biomass semi-carbide (half-carbonization temperature: about 300 ° C., calorific value: about 5000 kcal / kg-dry) was prepared.
- the mass of the carbonized biomass was 135 g (Reference Example 1).
- the molded fuel of Example 1 and the biomass semi-carbide of Reference Example 1 were immersed in 13 times the water of each mass and allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 48 hours. After standing, a solid content was removed from the water using a sieve having an opening of 0.5 mm. The oil content, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity of the water (elution water) thus obtained were measured. The oil content was measured as the amount of normal hexane extract. The turbidity was measured according to JIS K0101 "Industrial water test method". The measurement method was a transmitted light method, and kaolin was used as a turbidity standard solution.
- the turbidity and COD of the molded fuel of Example 1 were about 10% of the biomass semi-carbide of Reference Example 1. It was confirmed that, even when the molded fuel of Example 1 was stored in a yard, for example, in a yard, the effect on the environment could be sufficiently reduced as compared with Reference Example 1.
- Example 5 [Use of molded fuel] ⁇ Example 2>
- the biomass semi-carbide shown in Table 2 (320 ° C.) and the carbonized coal obtained by carbonizing coal at 480 ° C. for 60 minutes were respectively oxidized.
- the oxidation treatment of the biomass semi-carbide was performed by heating at 160 ° C. for 60 minutes in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 5% by volume.
- the oxidation treatment of the carbonization was performed by heating at a temperature of 220 ° C. for 40 minutes in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 5% by volume.
- the oxidized biomass semi-carbide and the oxidized dry carbon were mixed to obtain a mixture.
- the mixing ratio was set to 50 parts by mass of biomass semi-carbide and 50 parts by mass of dry-distilled coal with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of biomass semi-carbide and carbonized coal.
- the mixture, the aqueous binder solution used in Experimental Example 1, and water were mixed to obtain a forming raw material.
- the mixing ratio at this time was 35 parts by mass of the aqueous binder solution (3.5 parts by mass as the binder) and 5.5 parts by mass of water with respect to 100 parts by mass of the mixture.
- the produced molded fuel was dried in the air for 5 hours in the air.
- the molding pressure was 3 t / cm.
- the molded fuel was crushed by a mill to obtain a crushed product having a particle size of 1 to 220 ⁇ m. This crushed product was mixed with bituminous coal to obtain a solid fuel for testing.
- the mass ratio of the crushed product of the molded fuel in the solid fuel was 30%. This was used as the solid fuel of Example 2.
- Example 3 The mixing ratio of the biomass semi-carbide subjected to the oxidation treatment and the dry-distilled coal subjected to the oxidation treatment is 30 parts by mass of the biomass semi-carbide and 70 parts by mass of the dry-distilled carbon with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the biomass semi-carbide and the dry distillation coal.
- a solid fuel for a test was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the test was performed. This was used as the solid fuel of Example 3.
- Example 5 A biomass semi-carbide was obtained in the same procedure as in Example 4. A solid fuel was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, except that this biomass semi-carbide was used.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between unburned components and NOx concentration.
- Curve 1 shows the result of Reference Example 2
- curve 2 shows the result of Example 2
- curve 3 shows the result of Example 3
- curve 4 shows the result of Example 4
- curve 5 shows the result of Example 5. From the results of FIG. 10, it was confirmed that, in comparison with the same unburned matter, Examples 2 to 5 (curves 2 to 5) can also reduce the amount of NOx generated compared to Reference Example 2 (curve 1).
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the temperature rise curves of the solid fuels of Examples 2 to 5 and the bituminous coal of Reference Example 2 by the R70 method.
- Curve 1 shows the result of Reference Example 2
- curve 2 shows the result of Example 2
- curve 3 shows the result of Example 3
- curve 4 shows the result of Example 4
- curve 5 shows the result of Example 5.
- FIG. 11 compared to the bituminous coal of Reference Example 2, it was confirmed that the solid fuels of Examples 2 to 5 were suppressed in spontaneous heat generation and were excellent in safety.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本実施形態に係る成形燃料の製造方法のフローチャートである。本実施形態の成形燃料の製造方法は、バイオマスを粗粉砕する粗粉砕工程S1と、バイオマスを乾燥する乾燥工程S2と、褐炭及び亜瀝青炭の少なくとも一方を含む石炭を破砕する破砕工程S3と、破砕した石炭を乾燥する乾燥工程S4と、乾燥した石炭を乾留して乾留炭を得る乾留工程S5と、乾留炭とバイオマスとを混合し、乾留炭の顕熱を用いてバイオマスを半炭化してバイオマス半炭化物と乾留炭との混合物を得る半炭化工程S6と、混合物を粉砕する粉砕工程S7と、粉砕物を成形して成形燃料を得る成形工程S8と、を有する。
[半炭化によるバイオマスの変化]
バイオマスとしてユーカリのチップ(粒度:10~50mm)を準備した。このバイオマスを、電気炉を用いて、無酸素の雰囲気下において、200~400℃の温度で2時間加熱してバイオマス半炭化物を得た。半炭化前のバイオマスと、各半炭化温度で半炭化して得られたバイオマス半炭化物の工業分析、元素分析及び高位発熱量を測定した。結果は、表2に示すとおりであった。
表2のバイオマス半炭化物(半炭化温度:320℃)と、石炭を480℃で60分間乾留して得られた乾留炭とを混合して混合物を得た。混合比率は、バイオマス半炭化物と乾留炭の合計100質量部に対し、バイオマス半炭化物を30質量部、乾留炭を70質量部とした。バイオマス半炭化物及び乾留炭の平均粒度は、どちらも0.2mmであった。混合物と、市販のポリビニルアルコール(けん化度:>99.85mol%、重合度:1700)を10質量%の濃度で含有する水溶液(バインダ水溶液)と、水とを混合して成形原料を得た。このときの配合比を、混合物100質量部に対して、バインダ水溶液を10~40質量部(バインダとして1~4質量部)の範囲で変えて複数の成形原料を調製した。
表2のバイオマス半炭化物(320℃)と、石炭を480℃で60分間乾留して得られた乾留炭とを混合して混合物を得た。混合比率は、バイオマス半炭化物と乾留炭の合計100質量部に対し、バイオマス半炭化物を50質量部、乾留炭を50質量部とした。
表2のバイオマス半炭化物(半炭化温度:320℃)と褐炭を480℃で60分間乾留して得られた乾留炭とを、両者の合計を100質量部としたときに、バイオマス半炭化物を1~80質量部の割合で混合して複数の混合物を得た。これらの混合物をそれぞれ成形して得られた成形燃料の工業分析、元素分析及び高位発熱量を表4に纏めて示す。石炭火力発電用に使用される一般炭の発熱量は通常6,000[kcal/kg-dry]以上であることから、乾留炭とバイオマス半炭化物を混合し成形して得られる成形燃料でも、一般炭並みの発熱量を達成できることが確認された。
表2のバイオマス半炭化物(320℃)と、石炭を480℃で60分間乾留して得られた乾留炭とを混合して混合物を得た。混合比率は、バイオマス半炭化物と乾留炭の合計100質量部に対し、バイオマス半炭化物を50質量部、乾留炭を50質量部とした。
[成形燃料の使用]
<実施例2>
表2のバイオマス半炭化物(320℃)と、石炭を480℃で60分間乾留して得られた乾留炭とを、それぞれ酸化処理した。バイオマス半炭化物の酸化処理は、酸素濃度5体積%の雰囲気下で、160℃の温度で60分間加熱することによって行った。乾留炭の酸化処理は、酸素濃度5体積%の雰囲気下で、220℃の温度で40分間加熱することによって行った。
酸化処理を行ったバイオマス半炭化物と酸化処理を行った乾留炭の混合比率を、バイオマス半炭化物と乾留炭の合計100質量部に対し、バイオマス半炭化物を30質量部、乾留炭を70質量部としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして試験用の固形燃料を作製した。これを実施例3の固形燃料とした。
予備実験で用いたユーカリのチップの他に、松のチップと建築廃材を準備した。ユーカリのチップ:松のチップ:建築廃材=7:7:6の質量比で配合してバイオマスとした。このバイオマスを、無酸素の雰囲気下において、320℃で2時間加熱してバイオマス半炭化物を得た。このバイオマス半炭化物を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして固形燃料を作製した。
実施例4と同じ手順でバイオマス半炭化物を得た。このバイオマス半炭化物を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして固形燃料を作製した。
瀝青炭(ワンボ炭)を準備した。これをミルで破砕し、参考例2の固形燃料とした。
図9に示す2段燃焼式の試験装置に、実施例2~5の固形燃料及び参考例2の瀝青炭を、それぞれ供給して燃焼試験を行った。試験装置のバーナ30には、投入口30aから固形燃料を供給し、空気供給管31から一次空気を供給した。また、空気供給管32から燃焼装置の本体部40に二次空気を供給した。一次空気と二次空気の供給割合は、7:3とした。燃焼装置の本体部40には、二次空気の供給口が5箇所設けられている(供給口41,42,43,44,45)。
40℃から70℃までの石炭の自然発熱性を評価する断熱型測定法(R70法)を用いて、実施例2~5の固形燃料、及び参考例2の瀝青炭の自然発熱性を評価した。具体的には、200gの試料を反応容器に充填し、反応容器を40℃の恒温槽に配置した。反応容器には、反応容器内の試料の温度と同じ温度の空気を供給するガス供給部を接続した。反応容器内における試料の昇温カーブを測定した。
Claims (14)
- 褐炭及び亜瀝青炭の少なくとも一方を含む石炭を乾留して乾留炭を得る乾留工程と、
前記乾留炭とバイオマスを半炭化して得たバイオマス半炭化物とを含む混合物を成形して成形燃料を得る成形工程と、を有する、成形燃料の製造方法。 - 前記バイオマスを半炭化して前記バイオマス半炭化物を得る半炭化工程と、前記バイオマス半炭化物を粉砕する粉砕工程と、を有し、粉砕した前記バイオマス半炭化物と前記乾留炭とを混合して前記混合物を得る、請求項1に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。
- 前記乾留炭と前記バイオマス半炭化物とをそれぞれ酸化処理する酸化処理工程を有し、
前記酸化処理工程では、前記乾留炭を160℃以上且つ240℃以下の温度範囲に加熱し、前記バイオマス半炭化物を100℃以上且つ200℃未満の温度範囲に加熱する、請求項1又は2に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。 - 前記乾留炭の顕熱を用いて前記バイオマスを半炭化して前記混合物を得る半炭化工程を有する、請求項1に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。
- 前記成形工程の前に、前記混合物を粉砕する粉砕工程を有する、請求項1又は4に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。
- 前記バイオマスを、400~800℃の温度範囲にある前記乾留炭と混合することによって200~450℃に加熱して半炭化する、請求項1,4,5のいずれか一項に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。
- 前記混合物を、140℃以上且つ240℃以下の温度範囲で酸化処理する酸化処理工程を有する、請求項1,2,4~6のいずれか一項に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。
- 前記バイオマスを半炭化する前に、
前記バイオマスの粒度の平均値が7mmを超え且つ50mm未満となるように前記バイオマスを粗粉砕する粗粉砕工程と、
粗粉砕したバイオマスを乾燥する乾燥工程と、を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。 - 前記成形工程では、けん化度が99mol%以上であるポリビニルアルコールを含有するバインダを用いる、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度は1700以上である、請求項9に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。
- 成形燃料の質量の13倍の水に25℃で2日間浸漬したとき、当該水のCODが500質量ppm以下である、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の成形燃料の製造方法。
- 褐炭及び亜瀝青炭の少なくとも一方を含む石炭の乾留炭とバイオマス半炭化物とを含む成形燃料。
- けん化度が99mol%以上であるポリビニルアルコールを含む、請求項12に記載の成形燃料。
- 13倍の質量の水に25℃で2日間浸漬したとき、当該水のCODが500質量ppm以下である、請求項12又は13に記載の成形燃料。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021176938A (ja) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-11 | 出光興産株式会社 | 複合固形燃料及び複合固形燃料の製造方法 |
| JP2023038504A (ja) * | 2021-09-07 | 2023-03-17 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 高炉の操業方法及びバイオマス炭の粉砕物の製造方法 |
| JP2024506244A (ja) * | 2021-01-21 | 2024-02-13 | カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス, エルエルシー | 調整可能な粉砕性指数を有するバイオカーボンペレットを製造するためのプロセス |
| JP2024025560A (ja) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | バイオマス成型物の製造方法 |
| JP2024515776A (ja) * | 2021-04-27 | 2024-04-10 | カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス, エルエルシー | 最適化された固定炭素を有するバイオカーボン組成物及びこれを生成するためのプロセス |
| KR20240095976A (ko) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-26 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 반탄화 바이오매스 배합방법 |
| WO2024181565A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-01 | 2024-09-06 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | コークスの製造方法 |
| JP7569474B1 (ja) * | 2023-10-17 | 2024-10-17 | 株式会社Fukumura | バイオマス燃料の製造方法及びバイオマス燃料製造システム |
| US12281275B2 (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2025-04-22 | Nippon Steel Engineering Co., Ltd. | Carbon material and production method therefor |
| WO2025083948A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-17 | 2025-04-24 | 株式会社Fukumura | バイオマス燃料の製造方法及びバイオマス燃料製造システム |
| WO2025205247A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-29 | 2025-10-02 | 出光興産株式会社 | バイオマス燃料の製造方法及びバイオマス燃料 |
| WO2025220592A1 (ja) * | 2024-04-18 | 2025-10-23 | 出光興産株式会社 | バイオマス固形燃料及びバイオマス固形燃料の製造方法 |
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| CN114657001B (zh) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-06-20 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种烧结用复合燃料的制造方法 |
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| JP7449162B2 (ja) | 2020-05-08 | 2024-03-13 | 出光興産株式会社 | 複合固形燃料の製造方法 |
| JP2021176938A (ja) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-11 | 出光興産株式会社 | 複合固形燃料及び複合固形燃料の製造方法 |
| JP2024506244A (ja) * | 2021-01-21 | 2024-02-13 | カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス, エルエルシー | 調整可能な粉砕性指数を有するバイオカーボンペレットを製造するためのプロセス |
| JP2024515776A (ja) * | 2021-04-27 | 2024-04-10 | カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス, エルエルシー | 最適化された固定炭素を有するバイオカーボン組成物及びこれを生成するためのプロセス |
| JP2024515973A (ja) * | 2021-04-27 | 2024-04-11 | カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス, エルエルシー | 最適化された固定炭素を有するバイオカーボン組成物及びこれを生成するためのプロセス |
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| US12281275B2 (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2025-04-22 | Nippon Steel Engineering Co., Ltd. | Carbon material and production method therefor |
| JP7688264B2 (ja) | 2021-09-07 | 2025-06-04 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 高炉の操業方法及びバイオマス炭の粉砕物の製造方法 |
| JP2023038504A (ja) * | 2021-09-07 | 2023-03-17 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 高炉の操業方法及びバイオマス炭の粉砕物の製造方法 |
| JP2024025560A (ja) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | バイオマス成型物の製造方法 |
| KR20240095976A (ko) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-26 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 반탄화 바이오매스 배합방법 |
| KR102769385B1 (ko) | 2022-12-19 | 2025-02-17 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 반탄화 바이오매스 배합방법 |
| WO2024181565A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-01 | 2024-09-06 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | コークスの製造方法 |
| WO2025083948A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-17 | 2025-04-24 | 株式会社Fukumura | バイオマス燃料の製造方法及びバイオマス燃料製造システム |
| JP7569474B1 (ja) * | 2023-10-17 | 2024-10-17 | 株式会社Fukumura | バイオマス燃料の製造方法及びバイオマス燃料製造システム |
| WO2025205247A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-29 | 2025-10-02 | 出光興産株式会社 | バイオマス燃料の製造方法及びバイオマス燃料 |
| WO2025220592A1 (ja) * | 2024-04-18 | 2025-10-23 | 出光興産株式会社 | バイオマス固形燃料及びバイオマス固形燃料の製造方法 |
| WO2025220593A1 (ja) * | 2024-04-18 | 2025-10-23 | 出光興産株式会社 | バイオマス固形燃料及びバイオマス固形燃料の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6910546B2 (ja) | 2021-07-28 |
| AU2019347405B2 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
| AU2019347405A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
| JPWO2020067384A1 (ja) | 2021-02-15 |
| CN111630140A (zh) | 2020-09-04 |
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