WO2020066496A1 - 電子デバイス積層体の製造方法、および、電子デバイス積層体 - Google Patents
電子デバイス積層体の製造方法、および、電子デバイス積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020066496A1 WO2020066496A1 PCT/JP2019/034609 JP2019034609W WO2020066496A1 WO 2020066496 A1 WO2020066496 A1 WO 2020066496A1 JP 2019034609 W JP2019034609 W JP 2019034609W WO 2020066496 A1 WO2020066496 A1 WO 2020066496A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/80—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass using temporary substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
- H05B33/04—Sealing arrangements, e.g. against humidity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/873—Encapsulations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass and not covered by groups H10K10/80, H10K30/80, H10K50/80 or H10K59/80
- H10K77/10—Substrates, e.g. flexible substrates
- H10K77/111—Flexible substrates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electronic device laminate and an electronic device laminate.
- Organic EL (electroluminescence) materials are very sensitive to moisture. Therefore, in an organic EL device using an organic EL material, it is generally known that an organic EL element is sealed with a passivation film having a gas barrier property.
- a passivation film having a gas barrier property.
- inorganic materials such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride exhibiting gas barrier properties are exemplified.
- the passivation film since the organic EL material is vulnerable to heat, the passivation film must be formed with low energy so as not to damage the organic EL material when forming the passivation film. Therefore, in order to obtain sufficient gas barrier properties with a passivation film, a thick passivation film or a plurality of passivation films must be formed. However, if the passivation film is made thick or a plurality of passivation films are formed, the flexibility becomes poor.
- a sealing method using an adhesive having high gas barrier performance has been proposed.
- a method using an adhesive having a high gas barrier performance is more flexible than sealing with a passivation film.
- the gas barrier property is lower than a configuration in which an inorganic layer is used as a gas barrier layer. Cannot be sufficiently protected, and the organic EL element is deteriorated. In addition, there is a possibility that the organic EL element is deteriorated by the influence of moisture and residual solvent contained in the adhesive.
- an organic EL device having high flexibility it has been proposed to use a sealing method of bonding a gas barrier film via an adhesive (adhesive).
- an inorganic layer such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride exhibiting gas barrier properties is formed on a different substrate from the organic EL element, so that the inorganic layer can be formed with high energy. Therefore, a thin inorganic layer having high gas barrier properties can be formed. Therefore, an organic EL device manufactured by a method of sealing an organic EL element using a gas barrier film is more flexible than an organic EL device manufactured by a method of sealing an organic EL element by a passivation film. It can be an EL device.
- an organic EL display having flexibility and an organic EL device formed on a three-dimensional curved surface can be obtained by combining with a configuration using a resin film as an element substrate. Further, the method using the gas barrier film has higher productivity than the sealing with the passivation film.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic EL laminate in which a light-emitting element using an organic EL material, an organic EL device having a passivation film covering the light-emitting element, and a transparent sealing substrate are bonded with an adhesive.
- a top emission type in which the organic EL device emits light toward the sealing substrate, and the sealing substrate includes an inorganic film and an organic film serving as a base of the inorganic film on a support.
- a gas barrier film in which the surface layer is an inorganic film, the passivation film and the surface inorganic film face each other, and the organic EL device and the gas barrier film are adhered by an adhesive.
- the entire area between the passivation film and the inorganic film on the surface is filled, and furthermore, at the end of the organic EL device, the gap between the passivation film and the surface is removed.
- the gap between the film, at the position of the light-emitting element are described narrow organic EL laminate than the gap between the passivation film and the surface of the inorganic film.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a substrate, a gas barrier layer provided on one surface of the substrate and having one or more combinations of an inorganic layer and an organic layer serving as a surface on which the inorganic layer is formed, and a gas barrier layer between the substrate and the gas barrier layer. And a peeling organic layer that adheres to the organic layer and peels off from the substrate.
- Patent Literature 2 describes that a gas barrier layer is transferred from the gas barrier film to an organic EL element via an adhesive layer and sealed.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer at the end portion is determined by the thickness at the position of the light emitting element (organic EL element) (between the passivation film and the inorganic film). It is described that by making the gap narrower than the gap, the infiltration of moisture from the end face of the adhesive layer is suppressed.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer can be reduced to only about 1 ⁇ m even if it is thin. Therefore, the gas barrier is used to suppress the deterioration of the organic EL element due to moisture entering from the end face of the adhesive layer. It is necessary to provide a high passivation film. Therefore, although the thickness of the passivation film can be reduced as compared with the configuration having only the passivation film, a certain thickness is required, and it is difficult to obtain higher flexibility.
- the organic EL element may be deteriorated by the influence of moisture and residual solvent contained in the adhesive.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not disclose a bonding method capable of reducing the thickness of an adhesive layer when bonding a gas barrier film to such a surface having irregularities.
- An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem.
- an electronic device such as an organic EL device is sealed with a gas barrier film
- the thickness of an adhesive layer can be reduced to prevent deterioration of the element.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an electronic device laminate capable of producing a highly flexible electronic device laminate, and an electronic device laminate.
- a gas barrier film having a sealing layer having a heat sealing layer, an inorganic layer, and an organic layer in this order, and a substrate laminated on the organic layer side of the sealing layer so as to be peelable from the sealing layer is prepared.
- thermocompression bonding step of heating and pressurizing the heat-sealing layer side toward the element forming surface side and press-bonding
- a peeling step of peeling the substrate from the sealing layer The thickness of the inorganic layer is 100 nm or less
- a method for producing an electronic device laminate wherein the glass transition temperature of the heat sealing layer is from 20 ° C to 180 ° C.
- a method for manufacturing a device laminate [3] The method for producing an electronic device laminate according to [1] or [2], wherein the electronic device is an organic electroluminescence device. [4] The method for producing an electronic device laminate according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein in the thermocompression bonding step, heating and pressurizing the gas barrier film are performed with a roller. [5] The method for producing an electronic device laminate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein heating is performed from the substrate side in the thermocompression bonding step. [6] The method for producing an electronic device laminate according to [5], wherein in the thermocompression bonding step, heating is performed from the electronic device side.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer can be reduced to prevent deterioration of the element, and the electronic device laminate having high flexibility Can be provided, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device laminate, and an electronic device laminate can be provided.
- the method for producing an electronic device laminate of the present invention comprises: A step of preparing a sealing layer having a heat sealing layer, an inorganic layer, and an organic layer in this order, and a gas barrier film having a substrate that is laminated on the organic layer side of the sealing layer so as to be peelable from the sealing layer; , A gas-barrier film, on an element forming surface having irregularities of an electronic device, a thermocompression bonding step of heating and pressurizing the heat-sealing layer side toward the element forming surface side and press-bonding, A peeling step of peeling the substrate from the sealing layer,
- the thickness of the inorganic layer is 100 nm or less, This is a method for producing an electronic device laminate in which the glass transition temperature of the heat sealing layer is from 20 ° C. to 180 ° C.
- the method for manufacturing an electronic device laminate of the present invention includes a sealing layer having a heat sealing layer, an inorganic layer, and an organic layer in this order, and an organic layer of the sealing layer.
- a step of preparing a gas barrier film having a substrate releasably laminated from the sealing layer on the side (FIG. 1); It has a thermocompression bonding step (FIGS. 2 to 4) for heating and pressing toward the element forming surface and pressing, and a separation step (FIGS. 4 and 5) for separating the substrate from the sealing layer.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a gas barrier film used in the method for manufacturing an electronic device laminate according to the present invention.
- the gas barrier film 40 shown in FIG. 1 has a heat sealing layer 30, an inorganic layer 16, an organic layer 14, and a substrate 32 in this order.
- the heat sealing layer 30, the inorganic layer 16, and the organic layer 14 are the sealing layers 12 that can be separated from the substrate 32. That is, the gas barrier film 40 is formed to be peelable at the interface between the substrate 32 and the organic layer 14.
- the gas barrier film 40 is a transfer-type gas barrier film that can transfer the sealing layer 12 to an electronic device.
- the inorganic layer 16 is a layer that mainly exhibits gas barrier properties
- the organic layer 14 is a layer that serves as a base layer of the inorganic layer 16.
- the heat-sealing layer 30 is a layer that flows by heating when the gas barrier film 40 is bonded to an electronic device, and that exhibits adhesiveness.
- the thickness of the inorganic layer 16 is 100 nm or less.
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the heat sealing layer 30 is in the range of 20 ° C. to 180 ° C.
- Each layer of the gas barrier film 40 will be described later in detail.
- the thermocompression bonding step is a step of bonding the gas barrier film 40 as described above onto the element forming surface of the electronic device 50.
- an electronic device (organic EL device) 50 having a plurality of organic EL (electroluminescence) elements 54 formed on an element substrate 52 is placed on a table 100.
- the heat sealing layer 30 of the gas barrier film 40 faces the surface of the electronic device 50 on the organic EL element 54 side (hereinafter, also referred to as the element formation surface).
- the gas barrier film 40 is pressure-bonded to the electronic device 50 using the roller 102.
- the roller 102 has a heating unit, and the gas barrier film 40 is pressed while being heated by the roller 102.
- the table on which the electronic device 50 is mounted also has a heating unit, and the electronic device 50 side is also heated.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer cannot be significantly changed even when pressure or heating is performed during bonding. Therefore, it is difficult to make the thickness of the adhesive layer thinner.
- a method of making the thickness of the adhesive layer thinner a method of applying a liquid adhesive to the element forming surface of the electronic device and then bonding a gas barrier film may be considered, but the inorganic layer of the gas barrier film is exposed. When laminating is performed in a state where it has been made, the inorganic layer may be broken and the gas barrier property may be reduced.
- the heat fusion layer 30 having a glass transition temperature of 20 ° C. to 180 ° C. and melting by heating is used. Accordingly, when the gas barrier film 40 is bonded to the element formation surface of the electronic device 50, the heat fusion layer flows and flows into the concave portion of the element formation surface, and the thickness of the heat fusion layer 30 becomes extremely large. The thickness of the organic EL element 54 of the electronic device 50 and the gas barrier film 40 can be reduced by making the heat sealing layer 30 scattered between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50.
- the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the distance between the electronic device 50 (element substrate 52) and the inorganic layer 16 of the gas barrier film 40 at the end can be reduced.
- the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 (thickness of the heat-sealing layer 30) at the end face after thermocompression bonding can be extremely reduced.
- the infiltration of moisture from the end face of the heat sealing layer 30 can be prevented, and the deterioration of the organic EL element 54 can be prevented.
- the heat-sealing layer 30 since the heat-sealing layer 30 is solid until heated, the heat-sealing layer 30 can protect the inorganic layer 16 of the gas barrier film 40 and prevent the inorganic layer 16 from being broken at the time of transportation or bonding. Can be. Further, since the heat-sealing layer 30 is a solid that is heat-sealed, the heat-sealing layer 30 does not contain (small) residual solvent and moisture. Therefore, deterioration of the organic EL element 54 due to residual solvent and moisture can be prevented.
- the heat-sealing layer flows and flows into the concave portion of the element forming surface. Gas (air) existing in the air can be efficiently removed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent gas (air) from remaining in a concave portion or the like on the element forming surface of the manufactured electronic device laminate 10.
- the gas barrier film 40 when the thickness of the inorganic layer 16 of the gas barrier film 40 is 100 nm or less and has flexibility, the gas barrier film 40 is pressure-bonded to the uneven surface of the electronic device 50 in the thermocompression bonding step.
- the inorganic layer 16 since the inorganic layer 16 can be curved in accordance with the unevenness of the element forming surface without cracking, the inorganic layer 16 is curved so that the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 becomes small at the end. can do.
- the transfer type gas barrier film 40 from which the sealing layer 12 and the substrate 32 can be separated is used as the gas barrier film 40. Therefore, when the gas barrier film 40 is pressed against the element forming surface of the electronic device 50 in the thermocompression bonding step, the substrate 32 can be partially peeled from the sealing layer 12, and the sealing layer 12 including the inorganic layer 16 can It becomes easier to follow the irregularities of the formation surface. Thereby, the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 after the compression can be further reduced.
- the heat-fused layer 30 since the heat-fused layer 30 exhibits fluidity only in a heated portion to obtain adhesiveness, it can be bonded to an arbitrary portion. Therefore, for example, when it is difficult to bond the sealing layer 12 over the entire surface of the electronic device 50 in a three-dimensional shape, only the end portion is bonded, and the sealing layer 12 covers the element formation surface of the electronic device 50. In this way, sealing can be performed, and additional sealing can be performed by additionally transferring to a site where the barrier property needs to be particularly increased in view of the shape and physical properties of the element.
- the heating temperature and the pressure to be applied are adjusted so that the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 (element formation surface) at the end after thermocompression bonding is 100 nm or less. Is preferred. By setting the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 (element formation surface) at the end after the thermocompression bonding to 100 nm or less, it is possible to appropriately prevent moisture from entering from the end of the heat sealing layer 30. can do.
- the heating temperature and the pressure to be applied depend on the material and thickness of the heat sealing layer 30, the thickness and hardness of the substrate 32, the state of the unevenness of the electronic device 50, and the necessary thickness of the heat sealing layer. What is necessary is just to set suitably.
- the heating temperature of the gas barrier film 40 is preferably equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature Tg of the heat sealing layer 30, more preferably Tg + 50 ° C. to Tg + 5 ° C., and Tg + 30 ° C. to Tg + 20 ° C. Is more preferred.
- the electronic device 50 may be heated in the thermocompression bonding step.
- the heating temperature on the electronic device 50 side is preferably lower than the heating temperature on the gas barrier film 40 side.
- the temperature is preferably Tg + 10 ° C. to Tg + 5 ° C., and more preferably Tg + 5 ° C. to Tg ° C.
- the pressure applied to the gas barrier film 40 and the electronic device 50 is preferably 0.001 MPa to 5 MPa, more preferably 0.01 MPa to 1 MPa, and further preferably 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa.
- the pressure applied to the gas barrier film 40 and the electronic device 50 is 0.01 MPa or more, the heat-sealing layer 30 flowing by heating is moved, and the inorganic layer 16 of the gas barrier film 40 and the element of the electronic device 50 are moved.
- the thickness of the heat sealing layer 30 can be reduced by shortening the distance from the formation surface.
- the pressure is if the pressure is too high, the inorganic layer 16 may be broken or the organic EL element 54 may be damaged. Therefore, the pressure is preferably set to 5 MPa or less.
- thermocompression bonding step a roller is used as a device for pressing the gas barrier film 40 to the electronic device 50.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a known pressure device such as a pressure device can be used.
- the roller surface is preferably made of a flexible rubber material.
- the inorganic layer 16 of the gas barrier film 40 can be prevented from being damaged by unevenness of the element forming surface of the electronic device 50, and the gas barrier film 40 and the electronic device 50 are uniformly bonded. be able to.
- a member supporting the back surface side of the electronic device 50 may be a member having a smooth and high rigidity, and may be a plate-shaped table having a flat mounting surface as shown in FIG. Alternatively, it may be a roller.
- a roller When a table is used, there is a possibility that the gas barrier film 40 and the electronic device 50 cannot be uniformly bonded due to air remaining between the electronic device 50 and the table. In this regard, it is preferable to use a roller.
- the heating means of the roller and / or the table is not particularly limited, and a known heating means may be used.
- the heating and the pressurization are performed simultaneously by the roller, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the pressure may be applied after the gas barrier film is heated.
- thermocompression bonding step is preferably performed under reduced pressure to atmospheric pressure or lower.
- thermocompression bonding process under reduced pressure, it is possible to suppress air from remaining between the gas barrier film 40 and the electronic device 50 when the gas barrier film 40 and the electronic device 50 are bonded to each other.
- ⁇ Peeling step> In the peeling step, as shown in FIG. 5, the substrate 32 of the gas barrier film 40 is peeled from the sealing layer 12 after the thermocompression bonding step. By peeling off the substrate 32, the overall thickness of the electronic device laminate 10 produced can be reduced to increase flexibility.
- the electronic device laminate 10 as shown in FIG. 5 can be manufactured by performing the above steps.
- the electronic device laminate of the present invention which is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention, An electronic device in which an element formation surface has irregularities, Having a heat-fusion layer laminated on the element formation surface, a transfer layer having an inorganic layer and an organic layer in this order, The thickness of the inorganic layer is 100 nm or less, The glass transition temperature of the heat sealing layer is 20 ° C. to 180 ° C., An electronic device laminate in which a distance between an inorganic layer and an electronic device at an end is 100 nm or less.
- An electronic device laminate 10 shown in FIG. 5 includes an electronic device (organic EL device) 50 having an element substrate 52 and an organic EL element 54, and a sealing layer 12 having a heat fusion layer 30, an inorganic layer 16, and an organic layer 14. And The sealing layer 12 is laminated on the electronic device 50 such that the heat sealing layer 30 is in contact with the surface of the electronic device 50 on which the organic EL element 54 is formed (element forming surface).
- the thickness of the inorganic layer 16 is 100 nm or less.
- the flexibility of the inorganic layer 16 can be increased, and the inorganic layer 16 can be curved following the unevenness of the element formation surface of the electronic device 50. Therefore, the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end can be reduced, and intrusion of moisture from the end of the heat sealing layer 30 can be prevented.
- the glass transition temperature of the heat sealing layer 30 is 20 ° C. to 180 ° C. Since the heat-fused layer 30 having a glass transition temperature in the above range is melted by heating, the heat-fused layer 30 is heated and fluidized as in the above-described manufacturing method, so that the gap between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 is reduced. Is small.
- the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end is determined by cutting the electronic device laminate 10 in the thickness direction and observing the cross section with a microscope, an SEM (scanning electron microscope), a microscope, or the like. Can be measured.
- ⁇ Substrate> As the substrate 32 , a known sheet-like material (film, plate-like material) used as a substrate (support) in various gas barrier films and various laminated functional films can be used. Further, as the substrate 32, various sheet materials used as separators (light release separators and heavy release separators) in various optical transparent adhesives (OCA (Optical Clear Adhesive)) can also be used.
- OCA optical Clear Adhesive
- the material of the substrate 32 is not limited, and can form the organic layer 14, the inorganic layer 16, and the heat-sealing layer 30, and does not dissolve in a solvent contained in the composition for forming the organic layer 14.
- Various materials can be used.
- As the material of the substrate 32 preferably, various resin materials are exemplified. Examples of the material of the substrate 32 include polyethylene (PE), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN).
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- EVOH ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer
- the thickness of the substrate 32 can be set as appropriate according to the application and the material. Although there is no limitation on the thickness of the substrate 32, a transfer type gas barrier film having good flexibility (flexibility) that can sufficiently secure the mechanical strength of the transfer type gas barrier film can be obtained. A transfer type gas barrier film that can be easily peeled off from the sealing layer 12 at the time of transfer can be obtained, and it can easily follow the unevenness of the element forming surface of the electronic device 50 in the thermocompression bonding step. In this case, the thickness is preferably 120 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- the organic layer 14 is a layer constituting the sealing layer 12, and is a layer serving as a base layer for appropriately forming the inorganic layer 16.
- the organic layer 14 is an organic layer to which the substrate 32 is removably attached. That is, the organic layer 14 is an organic layer that can be separated from the substrate 32. Therefore, the adhesion between the organic layer 14 and the inorganic layer 16 is stronger than the adhesion between the substrate 32 and the organic layer 14.
- the inorganic layer 16 formed on the surface of the organic layer 14 is preferably formed by plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- the organic layer 14 is etched by the plasma, and a mixture having the components of the organic layer 14 and the components of the inorganic layer 16 is provided between the organic layer 14 and the inorganic layer 16.
- a layer such as a layer, is formed.
- the organic layer 14 and the inorganic layer 16 are adhered with very strong adhesion. Therefore, the adhesion between the organic layer 14 and the inorganic layer 16 is much stronger than the adhesion between the substrate 32 and the organic layer 14. 16 does not peel off.
- the thickness of the organic layer 14 is a thickness of a layer that does not include the above-described mixed layer and that is formed only of components forming the organic layer 14.
- the organic layer 14 is a base layer for properly forming the inorganic layer 16
- the organic layer 14 formed on the surface of the substrate 32 is free from irregularities on the surface of the substrate 32 and foreign substances adhering to the surface. Embed.
- the surface on which the inorganic layer 16 is formed is made appropriate, and the inorganic layer 16 can be formed properly.
- the organic layer 14 functions as a protective layer for protecting the inorganic layer 16 after the substrate 32 is peeled off.
- the organic layer 14 preferably has high heat resistance. Specifically, the organic layer 14 preferably has a glass transition point (Tg) of 175 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, even more preferably 250 ° C. or higher.
- Tg glass transition point
- the inorganic layer 16 formed on the surface of the organic layer 14 is preferably formed by plasma CVD.
- the Tg of the organic layer 14 is set to 180 ° C. or higher, the etching and volatilization of the organic layer 14 by plasma during the formation of the inorganic layer 16 are suitably suppressed, and the appropriate organic layer 14 and inorganic layer 16 are preferably formed. It is preferable in that it can be formed into a non-woven fabric.
- the upper limit of Tg of the organic layer 14 is not limited, but is preferably 500 ° C. or lower.
- the resin forming the organic layer 14 has a large molecular weight to some extent.
- the resin forming the organic layer 14 preferably has a molecular weight (weight average molecular weight (Mw)) of 500 or more, more preferably 1,000 or more, and still more preferably 1500 or more.
- the Tg of the organic layer 14 may be specified by a known method using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) or the like. Also, the molecular weight may be measured by a known method using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or the like. When a commercially available product is used, the Tg and the molecular weight of the organic layer 14 may use catalog values. With respect to the above points, the same applies to the heat sealing layer 30 described later.
- the organic layer 14 is, for example, a layer made of an organic compound obtained by polymerizing (crosslinking and curing) a monomer, a dimer, an oligomer, and the like.
- the composition for forming the organic layer 14 may include only one type of organic compound, or may include two or more types of organic compounds.
- the organic layer 14 contains, for example, a thermoplastic resin and an organic silicon compound.
- Thermoplastic resins include, for example, polyester, (meth) acrylic resin, methacrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer, polystyrene, transparent fluororesin, polyimide, fluorinated polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyetherimide, cellulose acylate, polyurethane , Polyether ether ketone, polycarbonate, alicyclic polyolefin, polyarylate, polyether sulfone, polysulfone, fluorene ring-modified polycarbonate, alicyclic modified polycarbonate, fluorene ring-modified polyester, and acrylic compound.
- the organosilicon compound include polysiloxane.
- the organic layer 14 preferably contains a radical curable compound and / or a polymer of a cationic curable compound having an ether group from the viewpoints of excellent strength and the glass transition point.
- the organic layer 14 preferably contains a (meth) acrylic resin whose main component is a polymer such as a monomer or oligomer of (meth) acrylate from the viewpoint of lowering the refractive index of the organic layer 14.
- the organic layer 14 is more preferably bifunctional or more, such as dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate (DPGDA), trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate (TMPTA), dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate (DPHA).
- DPGDA dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate
- TMPTA trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate
- DPHA dipentaerythritol hexa
- acrylic resin containing as a main component a polymer such as a (meth) acrylate monomer, dimer or oligomer, and more preferably a polymer such as a trifunctional or higher-functional (meth) acrylate monomer, dimer or oligomer.
- acrylic resin containing as a main component Further, a plurality of these (meth) acrylic resins may be used.
- the main component is a component having the largest content mass ratio among
- the organic layer 14 is formed of a resin having an aromatic ring, so that the substrate 32 can be separated.
- the organic layer 14 preferably contains a resin containing a bisphenol structure as a main component. More preferably, the organic layer 14 contains polyarylate (polyarylate resin (PAR)) as a main component.
- polyarylate is an aromatic polyester made of a polycondensate of a dihydric phenol such as bisphenol represented by bisphenol A and a dibasic acid such as phthalic acid (terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid). .
- the adhesion between the substrate 32 and the organic layer 14 is appropriate and easy.
- the substrate 32 can be peeled off.
- it since it has appropriate flexibility, it is possible to prevent damage (cracks, cracks, etc.) of the inorganic layer 16 when the substrate 32 is peeled off, and it is possible to stably form an appropriate inorganic layer 16 because of high heat resistance. This is preferable in that the performance degradation of the organic thin film transistor can be prevented and the flexibility of the organic thin film transistor can be increased.
- a main component means the component with the largest content mass ratio among the components contained.
- the organic layer 14 When the organic layer 14 is formed of various resins having an aromatic ring, the organic layer 14 may be formed using a commercially available resin as long as the resin has an aromatic ring.
- Commercially available resins that can be used for forming the organic layer 14 include Unifiner (registered trademark) and U Polymer (registered trademark) manufactured by Unitika Ltd., and Neoprim (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Ltd. Trademark) and the like.
- the thickness of the organic layer 14 is not limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 6 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- an appropriate inorganic layer 16 can be formed stably, mechanical strength not torn at the time of peeling can be maintained, and good peeling can be achieved. It is preferred in that it does not receive any.
- the gas barrier film 40 can be reduced in weight and thickness, a highly transparent gas barrier film can be obtained, and good peelability of the substrate 32 can be obtained.
- the thickness of the organic layer 14 is a thickness of a layer that does not include the above-described mixed layer and that is formed only of components forming the organic layer 14.
- the organic layer 14 can be formed by a known method according to a material.
- the organic layer 14 is prepared by preparing a composition (resin composition) obtained by dissolving a resin (organic compound) or the like to be the organic layer 14 in a solvent, applying the composition to the substrate 32, and drying the composition. Can be formed.
- the resin (organic compound) in the composition may be further polymerized (cross-linked) by irradiating the dried composition with ultraviolet rays, if necessary.
- the composition for forming the organic layer 14 preferably contains an organic solvent, a surfactant, a silane coupling agent, and the like, in addition to the organic compound.
- the organic layer 14 is preferably formed by roll-to-roll.
- roll-to-roll is also referred to as “RtoR”.
- RtoR refers to a method of feeding a sheet from a roll formed by winding a long sheet, and forming a film while transporting the long sheet in the longitudinal direction. This is a production method in which a material is wound into a roll. By using RtoR, high productivity and production efficiency can be obtained.
- the organic layer 14 needs to be formed so as to be peelable from the substrate 32. Therefore, a material having releasability may be used as the material of the organic layer 14 as described above, or a release layer may be provided between the organic layer 14 and the substrate 32. As the release layer, a conventionally known release layer can be appropriately used.
- the peeling force between the substrate 32 and the organic layer 14 is preferably 0.01 to 2 N / 25 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 1 N / 25 mm, and still more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 N / 25 mm.
- the inorganic layer 16 is a thin film containing an inorganic compound, and is formed at least on the surface of the organic layer 14.
- the inorganic layer 16 mainly exhibits gas barrier performance.
- On the surface of the substrate 32 there are regions, such as irregularities and foreign matter, where it is difficult for the inorganic compound to form a film.
- a region where the inorganic compound is hardly deposited can be covered. Therefore, it is possible to form the inorganic layer 16 on the surface on which the inorganic layer 16 is formed without gaps.
- the material of the inorganic layer 16 is not limited, and various known inorganic compounds used for the gas barrier layer, which are formed of an inorganic compound exhibiting gas barrier performance, can be used.
- the material of the inorganic layer 16 include metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, and indium tin oxide (ITO); metal nitrides such as aluminum nitride; metals such as aluminum carbide Carbides; Silicon oxides such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, silicon oxynitride carbide; silicon nitrides such as silicon nitride and silicon nitride carbide; silicon carbides such as silicon carbide; hydrides thereof; Inorganic compounds such as the above mixtures; and hydrogen-containing substances thereof.
- metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, and indium tin oxide (ITO)
- silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, and a mixture of two or more thereof are preferably used because they have high transparency and can exhibit excellent gas barrier performance.
- a compound containing silicon is preferably used, and among them, silicon nitride is particularly preferably used because it can exhibit excellent gas barrier performance.
- the thickness of the inorganic layer 16 is 100 nm or less. From the viewpoints of flexibility and gas barrier properties, the thickness of the inorganic layer 16 is preferably equal to or less than 50 nm, more preferably 5 to 50 nm, and still more preferably 10 to 30 nm. It is preferable that the thickness of the inorganic layer 16 be 2 nm or more, since the inorganic layer 16 stably exhibiting sufficient gas barrier performance can be formed. In addition, the inorganic layer 16 is generally brittle, and if it is too thick, there is a possibility that cracks, cracks, peeling, and the like may occur. However, cracks occur when the thickness of the inorganic layer 16 is 50 nm or less. This can be more suitably prevented. Further, flexibility can be increased.
- the inorganic layer 16 can be formed by a known method according to the material.
- plasma CVD such as CCP (Capacitively Coupled Plasma) -CVD and ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) -CVD, atomic layer deposition (ALD), sputtering such as magnetron sputtering and reactive sputtering, and vacuum
- atomic layer deposition ALD
- sputtering such as magnetron sputtering and reactive sputtering
- vacuum Various vapor-phase film forming methods such as vapor deposition are preferably exemplified.
- plasma CVD such as CCP-CVD and ICP-CVD is preferably used because the adhesion between the organic layer 14 and the inorganic layer 16 can be improved.
- the inorganic layer 16 is also preferably formed by RtoR.
- the heat sealing layer 30 is for bonding the gas barrier film 40 to the element forming surface of the electronic device 50. Further, the heat sealing layer 30 also functions as a protective layer that protects the inorganic layer 16 that exhibits gas barrier performance.
- the hot-melt adhesive layer 30 uses a hot melt adhesive (HMA).
- HMA hot melt adhesive
- the heat-fusion layer 30 made of a hot-melt adhesive is a heat-fusion layer that is solid at room temperature, flows when heated, and exhibits adhesiveness.
- normal temperature is 23 degreeC.
- the heat-sealing layer 30 preferably flows at a temperature of 30 to 200 ° C. to exhibit adhesiveness, and the heat-sealing layer 30 flows at a temperature of 40 to 180 ° C. to more preferably exhibit adhesiveness. More preferably, it flows at a temperature of up to 150 ° C. to exhibit adhesiveness.
- the heat-sealing layer 30 flows at room temperature to exhibit adhesiveness, foil cutting is likely to occur at the time of cutting and transferring the gas barrier film, resulting in a decrease in gas barrier performance and the like.
- the temperature at which the adhesive material flows and exhibits an adhesive property is too high, the heating temperature required at the time of sticking to the sticking target becomes high, causing thermal damage to the substrate 32, the organic layer 14, and the sticking target. I will.
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the heat sealing layer 30 is from 20 ° C. to 180 ° C., preferably from 25 ° C. to 150 ° C., more preferably from 40 ° C. to 140 ° C., and from 60 ° C. to 120 ° C. Is more preferred.
- the material for the heat fusion layer 30 is not limited as long as it is solid at room temperature and can flow by heating to exhibit adhesiveness.
- the heat sealing layer 30 is preferably composed mainly of an amorphous resin, more preferably composed mainly of an acrylic resin, and is obtained by polymerizing a single acrylate monomer. It is more preferable to use a resin (acryl homopolymer (homoacryl polymer)) as a main component.
- a resin acryl homopolymer (homoacryl polymer)
- the use of an amorphous resin, particularly an acrylic resin, as the main component of the heat-sealing layer 30 is preferable in that a highly transparent gas barrier film can be obtained.
- the main component of the heat-sealing layer 30 be an acrylic homopolymer, in addition to the above-mentioned advantages, in that transferability by heat can be improved, and blocking after winding after curing is difficult.
- the heat-fusion layer 30 can be a layer that flows at a relatively low temperature and exhibits adhesiveness. Therefore, when high heat resistance is not required for the gas barrier film, the heat sealing layer 30 made of an acrylic homopolymer is preferably used.
- the heat sealing layer 30 may include a styrene-acrylic copolymer (styrene-modified acrylic resin), a urethane-acrylic copolymer (urethane-modified acrylic resin), and an acrylic resin for adjusting the glass transition temperature, if necessary. It may include one or more selected. By adding these components to the heat fusion layer 30, the Tg of the heat fusion layer 30 can be improved. Therefore, when heat resistance is required for the organic thin film transistor according to the use or the like, the heat sealing layer 30 to which these components are added is preferably exemplified.
- the hardness of the heat sealing layer 30 can be adjusted, so that the balance of the hardness with the object to be stuck can be adjusted.
- a urethane acrylic copolymer to the heat-sealing layer 30, the adhesion to the inorganic layer 16 can be improved.
- the amounts of these components added are not limited, and may be set appropriately according to the components to be added and the desired Tg. However, it is preferable that the added amount of these components is such that the main component of the heat-sealing layer 30 becomes the above-mentioned amorphous resin and acrylic resin.
- the styrene acrylic copolymer, the urethane acrylic copolymer, and the acrylic resin for adjusting the glass transition point are not limited, and various resins used for adjusting Tg such as resins can be used. These components are also available as commercial products.
- the styrene acrylic copolymer is exemplified by # 7000 series manufactured by Taisei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the urethane acrylic copolymer include Acryt (registered trademark) 8UA series manufactured by Taisei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. such as Acryt 8UA347H.
- the acrylic resin for adjusting the glass transition point include PMMA (for example, Dianal (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) and the like.
- the thickness of the heat-sealing layer 30 is not limited, and the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end portion after the thermocompression bonding is sufficiently increased according to the material of the heat-sealing layer 30. What is necessary is just to set suitably the thickness which can be made thin and sufficient adhesiveness and the protective performance of the inorganic layer 16 are obtained.
- the thickness of the thermal fusion layer 30 is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 20 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the heat-sealing layer 30 be 1 ⁇ m or more, since sufficient adhesion can be obtained at the time of transfer, and a decrease in gas barrier performance at the time of peeling the substrate 32 (after transfer) can be prevented.
- the thickness of the heat fusion layer 30 By setting the thickness of the heat fusion layer 30 to 30 ⁇ m or less, a highly transparent gas barrier film 40 can be obtained in which the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after thermocompression bonding can be sufficiently reduced. This is preferable in that the gas barrier film 40 can be made thinner and lighter.
- the electronic device 50 is a known organic EL device such as an organic EL display and an organic EL lighting device.
- the element substrate 52 and the plurality of organic EL elements 54 formed on the element substrate 52 are shown as components of the electronic device 50.
- the electronic device 50 has other layers. Is also good.
- the electronic device has a configuration in which an insulating film, a transparent electrode layer (TFT (Thin Film Transistor), thin film transistor), an insulating film, an organic EL element 54, and an insulating film are sequentially stacked on an element substrate 52. You may. Further, a passivation film for protecting the organic EL element 54 may be provided.
- TFT Thin Film Transistor
- element substrate 52 various element substrates used as an element substrate in a conventional organic EL device, such as a resin film and a glass substrate, can be used.
- the organic EL element 54 has the same configuration as the organic EL element of a conventional organic EL device. That is, the organic EL element 54 has a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a cathode, and the like.
- the height of the organic EL element 54 is about 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the size of the organic EL element 54 in the plane direction is about 0.1 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
- the organic EL device is exemplified as the electronic device.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and various electronic devices such as a solar cell can be used as the electronic device.
- an electronic device manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electronic device laminate according to the present invention has less damage to the inorganic layer 16 and exhibits excellent gas barrier performance with high durability over a long period of time. It is suitably used for an organic EL device having an element.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of gas barrier film> Using a TAC (triacetylcellulose) film (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation, thickness 60 ⁇ m, width 1000 mm, length 100 m) as the substrate 32, the sealing layer 12 (organic layer, inorganic layer and heat (Fused layer).
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- a polyarylate (Unifina (registered trademark) M-2000H, manufactured by Unitika Ltd.) and cyclohexanone were prepared, weighed at a weight ratio of 5:95, dissolved at room temperature, and coated at a solid concentration of 5%. And The Tg of the polyarylate used is 275 ° C. (catalog value).
- This coating solution was applied to the substrate by RtoR using a die coater, and passed through a drying zone at 130 ° C. for 3 minutes. Before touching the first film surface touch roll (the roll that touches the surface of the substrate 32 on the side of the sealing layer 12), a protective film of PE (polyethylene) was bonded and wound up later.
- the thickness of the organic layer 14 formed on the substrate 32 was 2 ⁇ m.
- a silicon nitride layer was formed as an inorganic layer 16 on the surface of the organic layer 14 using a general RtoR CVD apparatus that forms a film by winding a substrate around a drum.
- the CVD apparatus includes a film forming apparatus by CCP-CVD, a drum serving as a counter electrode for winding and transporting the substrate, a guide roller for peeling the protective film laminated on the organic layer, a collecting roll for winding the peeled protective film, and a length. It has a loading section of a roll around which a long protective film is wound, a guide roller for laminating the protective film on the surface of the formed inorganic layer, and the like. Note that a CVD apparatus having two or more film forming units (film forming apparatuses) was used.
- the substrate 32 on which the organic layer 14 is formed is sent out from the roll loaded in the loading section, the protective film is peeled off after passing through the last film surface touch roll before film formation, and the inorganic layer is placed on the exposed organic layer 14.
- No. 16 was formed.
- Two electrodes (film-forming units) were used to form the inorganic layer 16, and silane gas, ammonia gas, and hydrogen gas were used as source gases.
- the supply amounts of the raw material gas were 150 sccm of silane gas, 300 sccm of ammonia gas and 500 sccm of hydrogen gas in the first film formation unit, and 150 sccm of silane gas, 350 sccm of ammonia gas and 500 sccm of hydrogen gas in the second film formation unit.
- the plasma excitation power was 2.5 kW, and the frequency of the plasma excitation power was 13.56 MHz.
- a bias power of a frequency of 0.4 MHz and 0.5 kW was supplied to the drum.
- the temperature of the drum was controlled at 30 ° C. by a cooling means.
- the deposition pressure was 50 Pa.
- a protective film of PE was bonded to the film surface of the inorganic layer 16 immediately after film formation, and was wound up later.
- the thickness of the inorganic layer 16 was 20 nm.
- the thermal fusion layer 30 was formed on the surface of the inorganic layer 16 by using a general organic film forming apparatus that forms a film by a coating method using RtoR.
- an acrylic homopolymer (0415BA, manufactured by Taisei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was prepared and diluted with ethyl acetate to obtain a composition having a solid content of 20% by mass.
- This acrylic homopolymer is amorphous, has a Tg of 20 ° C. and flows at 100 ° C., and exhibits adhesiveness.
- This composition was applied to the surface of the inorganic layer 16 using a die coater, and then passed through a drying zone at 80 ° C.
- the passage time in the drying zone was 3 minutes.
- the composition was dried and cured to form the heat-sealing layer 30 on the surface of the inorganic layer 16.
- the protective film laminated on the surface of the inorganic layer 16 was peeled off.
- the thickness of the heat sealing layer formed on the surface of the inorganic layer 16 was 5 ⁇ m.
- a long transfer-type gas barrier film wound up in a roll was thus prepared. From this long transfer type gas barrier film, the gas barrier film 40 was cut out in a size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm.
- a 100 ⁇ m thick, 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm polyimide layer was formed as a device substrate 52 on a glass substrate, and an organic EL device 54 was formed on the polyimide layer by the following procedure.
- Tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum 60 nm thick -(Second hole transport layer) N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-dinaphthylbenzidine: film thickness 40 nm -(1st hole transport layer)
- Copper phthalocyanine 10 nm in film thickness
- the element substrate on which these layers are formed is loaded into a general sputtering apparatus, and an ITO thin film having a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m is formed by DC magnetron sputtering using ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) as a target.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- the size of the organic EL element 54 was 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and the height was 5 ⁇ m.
- the organic EL elements 54 were arranged in a square on the element substrate 52 at a pitch of 50 ⁇ m. Thus, an electronic device (organic EL device) 50 was manufactured.
- a bonding device for performing the thermocompression bonding step a bonding device having a flat plate-shaped table 100 and a roller 102 disposed above the table 100 was used.
- the table 100 and the roller 102 each have a heating unit.
- the roller 102 was made of silicone rubber.
- the table 100 and the rollers 102 are installed in a decompression chamber, and the inside of the decompression chamber can be decompressed with a rotary pump to perform bonding.
- the temperature of the table 100 was adjusted to 25 ° C, and the temperature of the roller 102 was set to 90 ° C.
- the pressure in the decompression chamber was set to 0.1 Pa.
- the electronic device 50 manufactured as described above was placed on the table 100, and the gas barrier film 40 manufactured as described above was stacked on the element forming surface of the electronic device 50. At that time, the heat sealing layer 30 was directed to the element forming surface side. While pressing the gas barrier film 40 from the substrate 32 side using the roller 102, the roller 102 was moved in parallel from the end portion, and the gas barrier film 40 and the electronic device 50 were thermocompression-bonded.
- the moving speed of the roller 102 was adjusted to 1 m / min, and the pressure by the roller was adjusted to 0.3 MPa.
- the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured and found to be 50 nm. Note that the distance from the end of the gas barrier film 40 to the organic EL element 54 was 0.5 mm.
- thermocompression bonding step After the thermocompression bonding step, the substrate 32 was peeled off at the interface with the organic layer 14. Thus, an electronic device laminate was produced.
- Example 2 In the thermocompression bonding step, an electronic device laminate was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the table 100 was adjusted to 90 ° C. and the temperature of the roller 102 was set to 30 ° C. The distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured and found to be 70 nm.
- Example 3 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the roller temperature was set to 120 ° C. When the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured, it was 25 nm.
- Example 4 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the styrene acrylic polymer was added so that the glass transition temperature Tg of the heat-sealing layer was 80 ° C. The distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured and found to be 80 nm.
- Example 5 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pressure by the roller was 1 MPa.
- Example 6 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the inorganic layer was changed to 5 nm. The distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured and found to be 50 nm.
- Example 7 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the inorganic layer was changed to 100 nm. The distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured and found to be 50 nm.
- Example 8 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the heat-sealing layer before the thermocompression bonding step was changed to 10 ⁇ m. The distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured and found to be 70 nm.
- Example 9 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the heat-sealing layer before the thermocompression bonding step was changed to 2 ⁇ m. When the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured, it was 30 nm.
- Example 10 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the organic layer was changed to 5 ⁇ m. It was 60 nm when the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured.
- Example 11 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the organic layer was changed to 0.5 ⁇ m. It was 40 nm when the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured.
- Example 12 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the substrate was changed to 80 ⁇ m.
- Example 13 An electronic device laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the substrate was changed to 40 ⁇ m. When the distance between the inorganic layer 16 and the electronic device 50 at the end after the pressure bonding was measured, it was 30 nm.
- the adhesive was prepared by adding 48% of epoxy resin (JER1001), 48% of epoxy resin (JER152), and 4% of silane coupling agent (KBM502) to MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) to obtain a 50% weight solution. It was done.
- This adhesive is applied on the inorganic layer of the gas barrier film so as to have a predetermined thickness, and after the solvent is sufficiently volatilized, the adhesive is attached to an electronic device, and left for 100 hours in an environment of 100 ° C. to be cured.
- a device laminate was produced. It was 1000 nm when the distance between the inorganic layer and the electronic device at the end after bonding was measured.
- each electronic device laminate was made to emit light by applying a voltage of 7 V using an SMU2400 type source measure unit manufactured by Keithell Inc. Was measured. Then, it was left for 200 hours in an environment of a temperature of 60 ° C. and a humidity of 90%. After leaving for 200 hours, the electronic device laminate was turned on in the same manner as described above, and the overall luminance was measured again to measure the rate of luminance decrease.
- AAA brightness reduction is 1% or less.
- AA The decrease in luminance was 1% or more and less than 3%.
- B The luminance decrease was 5% or more and less than 8%.
- C The luminance decrease was 8% or more and less than 10%.
- D The luminance decrease was 10% or more and less than 30%.
- E Luminance reduction is 30% or more, and it can be easily visually confirmed that light emission is low. Evaluation is acceptable up to C, and D or less is NG.
- the electronic device laminate manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention has a small decrease in luminance and a small occurrence of dark spots even when left in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and has a small occurrence of an organic EL element, as compared with Comparative Examples. It can be seen that the deterioration of can be suppressed. Further, it can be seen that the electronic device laminate manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention has higher flexibility than the comparative example.
- thermocompression bonding step it is easier to heat the heat-fused layer and to flow more easily when the temperature on the substrate side is higher than the temperature on the electronic device side. It can be seen that the pressure can reduce the distance between the inorganic layer and the electronic device. Further, from the comparison between Example 1 and Example 3, in the thermocompression bonding step, the higher the temperature on the substrate side, the more the heat-sealing layer can be heated and flow easily. It can be seen that the distance to the device can be reduced. Also, from the comparison between Example 1 and Example 4, the lower the glass transition temperature Tg of the heat-fused layer is, the more easily the heat-fused layer can flow by heating. It can be seen that the distance between can be reduced.
- Example 1 From the comparison between Example 1 and Example 5, it is understood that when the pressure in the thermocompression bonding step is high, the distance between the inorganic layer and the electronic device can be reduced. Also, from the comparison of Examples 1 to 5, it can be seen that the smaller the distance between the inorganic layer and the electronic device, the smaller the decrease in luminance after the high humidity heat test, the less occurrence of dark spots, and the higher the durability. In addition, it can be seen that there is little decrease in luminance after the bending test and the flexibility is high.
- Example 1 shows that when the thickness of the inorganic layer is small, the gas barrier property is low, so that the durability and flexibility are low.
- the thickness of the inorganic layer is large, the flexibility is low. Therefore, it is understood that 10 nm to 30 nm is preferable.
- the distance between the inorganic layer after thermocompression bonding and the electronic device can be reduced as the thickness of the heat sealing layer (thickness before the thermocompression bonding step) is smaller. I understand.
- Example 1 From the comparison between Example 1, Examples 10 and 11, it can be seen that the thinner the organic layer, the shorter the distance between the inorganic layer after thermocompression bonding and the electronic device. This is presumably because, when the organic layer is thick, heat is hardly transmitted to the heat-sealing layer during the thermocompression bonding step, and the fluidity is reduced.
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Abstract
Description
また、接着剤に含まれる水分および残留溶剤等の影響によって有機EL素子が劣化してしまうおそれがある。
また、ガスバリアフィルムを用いる方法は、パッシベーション膜による封止よりも生産性も優れている。
しかしながら、特許文献1に記載の貼合方法では接着剤層の厚みは薄くても1μm程度にしかできないため、接着剤層の端面から浸入する水分によって有機EL素子が劣化するのを抑制するためガスバリア性の高いパッシベーション膜を設ける必要がある。そのため、パッシベーション膜のみを有する構成と比べるとパッシベーション膜の厚みを薄くできるものの、ある程度の厚みが必要となり、より高い可撓性を得ることは難しい。
しかしながら、有機ELデバイスにおいて、有機EL素子は素子基板上に多数配列されて形成されており、有機ELデバイスの表面は凹凸を有している。有機ELデバイスをガスバリアフィルムで封止する際には、ガスバリアフィルムで多数の有機EL素子を覆って封止する。そのため、凹凸のある表面に対して、有機ELデバイスとガスバリアフィルムとの間の間隙(接着剤層の厚み)がより薄くなるように制御してガスバリアフィルムを貼合する必要があるが、貼り合わせの際の接着剤層の厚みを薄く制御するのは困難である。特許文献1および2には、このような凹凸のある表面に対して、ガスバリアフィルムを貼合する際に接着剤層の厚みを薄くできる貼合方法については記載されていない。
[1] 熱融着層と無機層と有機層とをこの順に有する封止層、および、封止層の有機層側に、封止層から剥離可能に積層される基板を有するガスバリアフィルムを準備する工程と、
ガスバリアフィルムを、電子デバイスの凹凸を有する素子形成面上に、熱融着層側を素子形成面側に向けて加熱および加圧して圧着する熱圧着工程と、
基板を封止層から剥離する剥離工程と、を有し、
無機層の厚みが100nm以下であり、
熱融着層のガラス転移温度が20℃~180℃である電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
[2] 熱圧着工程において、熱圧着後の、端部における無機層と電子デバイスとの間の距離が100nm未満となるように加熱温度と加圧する圧力とを調整する[1]に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
[3] 電子デバイスが有機エレクトロルミネッセンスデバイスである[1]または[2]に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
[4] 熱圧着工程において、ガスバリアフィルムへの加熱および加圧をローラーで行う[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
[5] 熱圧着工程において、基板側から加熱を行う[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
[6] 熱圧着工程において、電子デバイス側から加熱を行う[5]に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
[7] 基板側の加熱温度が電子デバイス側の加熱温度よりも高い[6]に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
[8] 基板が、トリアセチルセルロースフィルムである[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
[9] 基板の厚みが0.1μm~100μmである[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
[10] 素子形成面が凹凸を有する電子デバイスと、
素子形成面上に積層される熱融着層、無機層および有機層をこの順に有する転写層と、を有し、
無機層の厚みが100nm以下であり、
熱融着層のガラス転移温度が20℃~180℃であり、
端部における無機層と電子デバイスとの間の距離が100nm以下である電子デバイス積層体。
[11] 電子デバイスが有機エレクトロルミネッセンスデバイスである[10]に記載の電子デバイス積層体。
本発明の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法は、
熱融着層と無機層と有機層とをこの順に有する封止層、および、封止層の有機層側に、封止層から剥離可能に積層される基板を有するガスバリアフィルムを準備する工程と、
ガスバリアフィルムを、電子デバイスの凹凸を有する素子形成面上に、熱融着層側を素子形成面側に向けて加熱および加圧して圧着する熱圧着工程と、
基板を封止層から剥離する剥離工程と、を有し、
無機層の厚みが100nm以下であり、
熱融着層のガラス転移温度が20℃~180℃である電子デバイス積層体の製造方法である。
図1に、本発明の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法で用いられるガスバリアフィルムを模式的に表す断面図を示す。
図1に示すガスバリアフィルム40は、熱融着層30と、無機層16と、有機層14と、基板32とをこの順に有する。熱融着層30、無機層16および有機層14は、基板32から剥離可能な封止層12である。すなわち、ガスバリアフィルム40は、基板32と有機層14との界面で剥離可能に形成されている。ガスバリアフィルム40は、封止層12を電子デバイスに転写することができる転写型のガスバリアフィルムである。
また、熱融着層30のガラス転移温度Tgは、20℃~180℃である。
ガスバリアフィルム40の各層については後に詳述する。
熱圧着工程は、上記のようなガスバリアフィルム40を電子デバイス50の素子形成面上に圧着する工程である。
熱圧着工程において、まず、図2に示すように、素子基板52上に複数の有機EL(エレクトロルミネッセンス)素子54が形成された電子デバイス(有機ELデバイス)50をテーブル100の上に載置する。また、電子デバイス50の有機EL素子54側の面(以下、素子形成面ともいう)に、ガスバリアフィルム40の熱融着層30を対面させる。
また、好ましい態様として、電子デバイス50を載置するテーブルも加熱手段を有しており、電子デバイス50側も加熱される。
一方、接着剤層の厚みをより薄くする方法として、液状の接着剤を電子デバイスの素子形成面に塗布した後、ガスバリアフィルムを貼合する方法も考えられるが、ガスバリアフィルムの無機層が表出した状態で貼合を行うと無機層が割れてしまいガスバリア性が低下してしまうおそれがある。無機層の割れを防止するために樹脂からなる保護層を設けた場合には、無機層の割れは防止できるものの、保護層の分厚くなるため、電子デバイスの素子形成面の凹凸に追従しにくくなり、また、保護層に含まれる水分および残留溶剤等の影響によって有機EL素子が劣化してしまうおそれがある。
このように、本発明の製造方法は、熱圧着後の端面における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離(熱融着層30の厚み)を非常に小さくすることができるので、本発明の製造方法で作製された電子デバイス積層体10は、熱融着層30の端面からの水分の浸入を防止して有機EL素子54の劣化を防止できる。
また、熱融着層30は熱融着する固体であるため、残留溶剤および水分を含まない(少ない)ものとすることができる。従って、残留溶剤および水分による有機EL素子54の劣化を防止することができる。
熱圧着後の、端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50(素子形成面)との間の距離を100nm以下とすることにより、熱融着層30の端部からの水分の浸入を好適に防止することができる。
加熱温度、および、加圧する圧力は、熱融着層30の材料、厚み、基板32の厚み、硬さ、電子デバイス50の凹凸の状態、および、必要な熱融着層の厚み等に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
ガスバリアフィルム40と電子デバイス50とに加える圧力を0.01MPa以上とすることにより、加熱によって流動している熱融着層30を移動させて、ガスバリアフィルム40の無機層16と電子デバイス50の素子形成面との距離を近づけて熱融着層30の厚みを薄くすることができる。一方、圧力が高すぎると無機層16が割れたり、有機EL素子54が破損してしまうおそれがある。そのため、圧力は5MPa以下とするのが好ましい。
剥離工程は、図5に示すように、熱圧着工程の後にガスバリアフィルム40の基板32を封止層12から剥離する。基板32を剥離することで作製される電子デバイス積層体10の全体の厚みを薄くして可撓性を高くすることができる。
本発明の製造方法で作製される、本発明の電子デバイス積層体は、
素子形成面が凹凸を有する電子デバイスと、
素子形成面上に積層される熱融着層、無機層および有機層をこの順に有する転写層と、を有し、
無機層の厚みが100nm以下であり、
熱融着層のガラス転移温度が20℃~180℃であり、
端部における無機層と電子デバイスとの間の距離が100nm以下である電子デバイス積層体である。
封止層12は、熱融着層30が、電子デバイス50の有機EL素子54が形成された面(素子形成面)に接して、電子デバイス50上に積層されている。
なお、端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離は、電子デバイス積層体10を厚み方向に切断して断面を顕微鏡、SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)、マイクロスコープ等で観察して測定することができる。
基板32は、各種のガスバリアフィルムおよび各種の積層型の機能性フィルムなどにおいて基板(支持体)として利用される、公知のシート状物(フィルム、板状物)を用いることができる。
また、基板32は、各種の光学透明接着剤(OCA(Optical Clear Adhesive))においてセパレータ(軽剥離セパレータおよび重剥離セパレータ)として用いられている各種のシート状物も利用可能である。
基板32の材料としては、例えば、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリアミド(PA)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリアクリトニトリル(PAN)、ポリイミド(PI)、透明ポリイミド、ポリメタクリル酸メチル樹脂(PMMA)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリスチレン(PS)、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体(ABS)、シクロオレフィン共重合体(COC)、シクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)、トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)、および、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体(EVOH)等が挙げられる。
なかでも、有機層14との界面で剥離可能に形成することが容易である点で、トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)を基板32の材料として用いることが好ましい。
基板32の厚さには、制限はないが、転写型ガスバリアフィルムの機械的強度を十分に確保できる、可撓性(フレキシブル性)の良好な転写型ガスバリアフィルムが得られる、転写型ガスバリアフィルムの軽量化および薄手化を図れる、転写の際に封止層12から容易に剥離できる転写型ガスバリアフィルムが得られる、熱圧着工程において電子デバイス50の素子形成面の凹凸に追従しやすい、等の点で、120μm~5μmが好ましく、100μm~15μmがより好ましい。
有機層14は、封止層12を構成する層であり、無機層16を適正に形成するための下地層となる層である。また、有機層14は、基板32が剥離可能に貼着される有機層である。すなわち、有機層14は、基板32から剥離可能な有機層である。従って、有機層14と無機層16との密着力が、基板32と有機層14との密着力よりも強い。
後述するが、有機層14の表面に形成される無機層16は、好ましくは、プラズマCVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition)によって形成される。そのため、無機層16を形成する際に、有機層14がプラズマによってエッチングされて、有機層14と無機層16との間には、有機層14の成分と無機層16の成分とを有する、混合層のような層が形成される。その結果、有機層14と無機層16とは、非常に強い密着力で密着される。
従って、有機層14と無機層16との密着力は、基板32と有機層14との密着力よりも、遥かに強く、有機層14から基板32を剥離しても、有機層14と無機層16とが剥離することは無い。
なお、有機層14の厚さとは、上述の混合層を含まない、有機層14の形成成分のみからなる層の厚さである。
基板32を剥離可能にする有機層14に無機層16を形成することにより、基板32が剥離可能な転写型のガスバリアフィルムを実現している。
さらに、有機層14は、基板32を剥離した後は、無機層16を保護する保護層として作用する。
上述のように、有機層14の表面に形成される無機層16は、好ましくは、プラズマCVDによって形成される。有機層14のTgを180℃以上とすることにより、無機層16を形成する際における、プラズマによる有機層14のエッチングおよび揮発を好適に抑制して、適正な有機層14および無機層16を好適に形成できる等の点で好ましい。
有機層14のTgの上限には、制限はないが、500℃以下であるのが好ましい。
具体的には、有機層14を形成する樹脂は、分子量(重量平均分子量(Mw))が500以上であるのが好ましく、1000以上であるのがより好ましく、1500以上であるのがさらに好ましい。
以上の点に関しては、後述する熱融着層30も同様である。
有機層14は、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂および有機ケイ素化合物等を含有する。熱可塑性樹脂は、例えば、ポリエステル、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、メタクリル酸-マレイン酸共重合体、ポリスチレン、透明フッ素樹脂、ポリイミド、フッ素化ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、セルロースアシレート、ポリウレタン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリカーボネート、脂環式ポリオレフィン、ポリアリレート、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、フルオレン環変性ポリカーボネート、脂環変性ポリカーボネート、フルオレン環変性ポリエステル、および、アクリル化合物等が挙げられる。有機ケイ素化合物は、例えば、ポリシロキサンが挙げられる。
有機層14は、有機層14の屈折率を低くする観点から、好ましくは、(メタ)アクリレートのモノマー、オリゴマー等の重合体を主成分とする(メタ)アクリル樹脂を含む。有機層14は、屈折率を低くすることにより、透明性が高くなり、光透過性が向上する。
有機層14は、好ましくは、ビスフェノール構造を含む樹脂を主成分とする。有機層14は、より好ましくは、ポリアリレート(ポリアリレート樹脂(PAR))を主成分とする。周知のように、ポリアリレートとは、ビスフェノールAに代表されるビスフェノールなどの2価フェノールと、フタル酸(テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸)などの2塩基酸との重縮合体からなる芳香族ポリエステルである。
有機層14をビスフェノール構造を含む樹脂を主成分とすることにより、特に、有機層14をポリアリレートを主成分とすることにより、基板32と有機層14との密着力が適正で、かつ、容易に基板32を剥離可能とすることができる。また、適度な柔軟性を有するので基板32を剥離する際の無機層16の損傷(割れおよびヒビ等)を防止できる、耐熱性が高いため適正な無機層16を安定して形成できる、転写後の性能劣化を防止できる、有機薄膜トランジスタとしての屈曲性を高くすることができる等の点で好ましい。
なお、主成分とは、含有する成分のうち、最も含有質量比が大きい成分をいう。
有機層14の形成に利用可能な市販品の樹脂としては、ユニチカ株式会社製のユニファイナー(unifiner)(登録商標)およびUポリマー(登録商標)、ならびに、三菱ガス化学株式会社製のネオプリム(登録商標)等が例示される。
有機層14の厚さを0.2μm以上とすることにより、適正な無機層16を安定して形成できる、剥離時に引き裂かれない機械強度を維持でき、良好に剥離できる、セパレータ等の異物の影響を受けない等の点で好ましい。また、有機層14の厚さを6μm以下とすることにより、ガスバリアフィルム40の軽量化および薄手化を図れる、透明性の高いガスバリアフィルムが得られる、良好な基板32の剥離性が得られる、熱硬化時に均一に硬化できる、残留溶剤の含有量を抑制できる、高い可撓性が得られる等の点で好ましい。
なお、有機層14の厚さとは、上述の混合層を含まない、有機層14の形成成分のみからなる層の厚さである。
例えば、有機層14は、有機層14となる樹脂(有機化合物)等を溶剤に溶解した組成物(樹脂組成物)を調製して、基板32に塗布し、組成物を乾燥させる、塗布法で形成できる。塗布法による有機層14の形成では、必要に応じて、さらに、乾燥した組成物に、紫外線を照射することにより、成物中の樹脂(有機化合物)を重合(架橋)させてもよい。
有機層14を形成するための組成物は、有機化合物に加え、好ましくは、有機溶剤、界面活性剤、および、シランカップリング剤などを含む。
周知のように、RtoRとは、長尺なシート状物を巻回してなるロールから、シート状物を送り出し、長尺なシートを長手方向に搬送しつつ成膜を行い、成膜済のシート状物をロール状に巻回する製造方法である。RtoRを利用することで、高い生産性と生産効率が得られる。
無機層16は、無機化合物を含む薄膜であり、少なくとも有機層14の表面に形成される。封止層12おいて、無機層16が、主にガスバリア性能を発現する。
基板32の表面には、凹凸および異物のような、無機化合物が着膜し難い領域がある。上述のように、基板32の表面に有機層14を設け、その上に無機層16を形成することにより、無機化合物が着膜し難い領域が覆われる。そのため、無機層16の形成面に、無機層16を隙間無く形成することが可能になる。
無機層16の材料としては、例えば、酸化アルミニウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化タンタル、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化チタン、酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)などの金属酸化物; 窒化アルミニウムなどの金属窒化物; 炭化アルミニウムなどの金属炭化物; 酸化ケイ素、酸化窒化ケイ素、酸炭化ケイ素、酸化窒化炭化ケイ素などのケイ素酸化物; 窒化ケイ素、窒化炭化ケイ素などのケイ素窒化物; 炭化ケイ素等のケイ素炭化物; これらの水素化物; これら2種以上の混合物; および、これらの水素含有物等、の無機化合物が挙げられる。また、これらの2種以上の混合物も、利用可能である。
中でも、窒化ケイ素、酸化ケイ素、酸窒化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、および、これらの2種以上の混合物は、透明性が高く、かつ、優れたガスバリア性能を発現できる点で、好適に利用される。その中でも、ケイ素を含有する化合物は、好適に利用され、その中でも特に、優れたガスバリア性能を発現できる点で、窒化ケイ素は、好適に利用される。
可撓性およびガスバリア性の観点から、無機層16の厚さは、50nm以下が好ましく、5~50nmがより好ましく、10~30nmがさらに好ましい。
無機層16の厚さを2nm以上とすることにより、十分なガスバリア性能を安定して発現する無機層16が形成できる点で好ましい。また、無機層16は、一般的に脆く、厚過ぎると、割れ、ヒビ、および、剥がれ等を生じる可能性が有るが、無機層16の厚さを50nm以下とすることにより、割れが発生することをより好適に防止できる。また、可撓性を高くすることができる。
例えば、CCP(Capacitively Coupled Plasma)-CVDおよびICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma)-CVD等のプラズマCVD、原子層堆積法(ALD(Atomic Layer Deposition))、マグネトロンスパッタリングおよび反応性スパッタリング等のスパッタリング、ならびに、真空蒸着などの各種の気相成膜法が好適に挙げられる。
中でも、上述したように、有機層14と無機層16との密着力を向上できる点で、CCP-CVDおよびICP-CVD等のプラズマCVDは、好適に利用される。
なお、無機層16も、RtoRで形成するのが好ましい。
熱融着層30は、ガスバリアフィルム40を、電子デバイス50の素子形成面に貼り合わせるためのものである。
また、熱融着層30は、ガスバリア性能を発現する無機層16を保護する保護層としても作用する。
熱融着層30として、ホットメルト接着剤を用いることにより、従来の転写型のガスバリアフィルムに比して、ガスバリア性能をより高くすることができる。
熱融着層30が常温で流動して接着性を発現する場合には、ガスバリアフィルムの切断時および転写時に、箔引きが生じやすく、ガスバリア性能の低下等を生じる。
また、流動して接着性を発現する温度が高すぎると、貼着対象への貼着時に必要な加熱温度が高くなってしまい、基板32、有機層14および貼着対象に熱ダメージを与えてしまう。
熱融着層30のTgを上記範囲とすることにより、熱流動性が得やすいため、加熱による接着性および転写性を向上することができる、低温で接着でき生産性を向上できる等の点で好ましい。
ホットメルト接着剤を用いる場合は、熱融着層30は、非晶性樹脂を主成分とするのが好ましく、アクリル樹脂を主成分とするのがより好ましく、単一のアクリレートモノマーを重合してなる樹脂(アクリルホモポリマー(ホモアクリルポリマー))を主成分とするのがさらに好ましい。
熱融着層30の主成分を非晶性樹脂、特にアクリル樹脂とすることにより、透明性が高いガスバリアフィルムが得られる等の点で好ましい。
さらに、熱融着層30の主成分をアクリルホモポリマーとすることにより、上述した利点に加え、熱による転写性を良好にできる、硬化した後の巻き取り時にブロッキングしにくい等の点で好ましい。また、熱融着層30をアクリルホモポリマーで形成することにより、上述した利点に加え、熱融着層30を、比較的、低い温度で流動して接着性を発現する層にできる。従って、ガスバリアフィルムに高い耐熱性を要求されない場合には、アクリルホモポリマーからなる熱融着層30は、好適に利用される。
具体的には、大成ファインケミカル株式会社製の0415BA(アクリルホモポリマー)および#7000シリーズ等が例示される。
熱融着層30に、これらの成分を添加することで、熱融着層30のTgを向上できる。従って、用途等に応じて、有機薄膜トランジスタに耐熱性が要求される場合には、これらの成分を添加した熱融着層30は、好適に例示される。
また、熱融着層30にスチレンアクリル共重合体と添加することで、熱融着層30の硬さを調節できるので、貼着対象との硬さのバランスを調節できる。熱融着層30にウレタンアクリル共重合体を添加することにより、無機層16との密着性を向上できる。
一例として、スチレンアクリル共重合体としては、大成ファインケミカル株式会社製の#7000シリーズ等が例示される。
ウレタンアクリル共重合体としては、アクリット8UA347Hなどの大成ファインケミカル株式会社製のアクリット(登録商標)8UAシリーズ等が例示される。
ガラス転移点調節用のアクリル樹脂としては、PMMA(例えば、三菱ケミカル株式会社製のダイヤナール(登録商標)など)等が例示される。
熱融着層30の厚さを1μm以上とすることにより、転写時に十分な密着力が得られる、基板32を剥離する際(転写後)のガスバリア性能の低下を防止できる等の点で好ましい。熱融着層30の厚さを30μm以下とすることにより、熱圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を十分に薄くできる、透明性の高いガスバリアフィルム40が得られる、ガスバリアフィルム40を薄く、かつ、軽くできる、等の点で好ましい。
電子デバイス50は、有機ELディスプレイおよび有機EL照明装置等の公知の有機ELデバイスである。
図5に示す例では、電子デバイス50の構成要素として素子基板52と素子基板52上に複数形成される有機EL素子54とを示したが、電子デバイス50は、他の層を有していてもよい。例えば、電子デバイスは、素子基板52上に、絶縁膜、透明電極層(TFT(Thin Film Transistor)、薄膜トランジスタ)、絶縁膜、有機EL素子54、および絶縁膜が順に積層された構成を有していてもよい。また、有機EL素子54を保護するパッシベーション膜を有していてもよい。
素子基板52としては、樹脂フィルム、ガラス基板等の、従来の有機ELデバイスにおいて素子基板として用いられている各種の素子基板が利用可能である。
有機EL素子54は、従来の有機ELデバイスが有する有機EL素子と同様の構成を有する。すなわち、有機EL素子54は、ホール注入層、ホール輸送層、発光層、正孔阻止層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、および、陰極等を有する。
中でも、本発明の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法により作製される電子デバイスは、無機層16の損傷が少なく、長期に渡って高い耐久性で優れたガスバリア性能を発現するので、水分に弱い有機EL素子を有する有機ELデバイスに、好適に利用される。
<ガスバリアフィルムの作製>
基板32としてTAC(トリアセチルセルロース)フィルム(富士フイルム株式会社製 厚み60μm、幅1000mm、長さ100m)を用い、基板32の上に以下の手順で封止層12(有機層、無機層および熱融着層)を形成した。
ポリアリレート(ユニチカ株式会社製ユニファイナ―(登録商標)M-2000H)とシクロヘキサノンを用意し、重量比率として5:95となるように秤量し、常温で溶解させ、固形分濃度5%の塗布液とした。使用したポリアリレートのTgは275℃(カタログ値)である。
この塗布液を、ダイコーターを用いてRtoRにより上記基板に塗布し、130℃の乾燥ゾーンを3分間通過させた。最初の膜面タッチロール(基板32の封止層12側の面にタッチするロール)に触れる前に、PE(ポリエチレン)の保護フィルムを貼合し、後に巻き取った。基板32上に形成された有機層14の厚さは、2μmであった。
ドラムに基板を巻きかけて成膜を行う、RtoRの一般的なCVD装置を用いて、有機層14の表面に無機層16として窒化珪素層を形成した。
CVD装置は、CCP-CVDによる成膜装置、基板を巻き掛けて搬送する対向電極となるドラム、有機層に積層された保護フィルムを剥離するガイドローラ、剥離した保護フィルムを巻き取る回収ロール、長尺な保護フィルムを巻回したロールの装填部、および、成膜済の無機層の表面に保護フィルムを積層するガイドローラ等を有する。なお、CVD装置は2つ以上の成膜ユニット(成膜装置)を有するものを用いた。
次いで、RtoRによって塗布法で成膜を行う一般的な有機成膜装置を用いて、無機層16の表面に熱融着層30を形成した。
まず、アクリルホモポリマー(大成ファインケミカル社製、0415BA)を用意し、酢酸エチルで希釈し、固形分濃度が20質量%の組成物とした。このアクリルホモポリマーは、非晶質であり、Tgは20℃で、100℃で流動して、接着性を発現する。
この組成物を、ダイコーターを用いて無機層16の表面に塗布し、次いで、80℃の乾燥ゾーンを通過させた。乾燥ゾーンの通過時間は3分間とした。これにより、組成物を乾燥、硬化して、無機層16の表面に熱融着層30を形成した。
なお、組成物の塗布に先立ち、無機層16の表面に積層した保護フィルムを剥離した。無機層16の表面に形成した熱融着層の厚さは、5μmであった。
ガラス基板上に、素子基板52として、厚み100μm、大きさ100mm×100mmのポリイミド層を形成し、ポリイミド層の上に以下の手順で有機EL素子54を形成した。
この素子基板の周辺2mmを、セラミックによってマスキングした。さらに、マスキングを施した素子基板を一般的な真空蒸着装置に装填して、真空蒸着によって、厚さ100nmの金属アルミニウムからなる電極を形成し、さらに、厚さ1nmのフッ化リチウム層を形成した。次いで、電極およびフッ化リチウム層を形成した素子基板に、真空蒸着によって、以下の有機化合物層を、順次、形成した。
・(発光層兼電子輸送層)トリス(8-ヒドロキシキノリナト)アルミニウム:膜厚60nm
・(第2正孔輸送層)N,N’-ジフェニル-N,N’-ジナフチルベンジジン:膜厚40nm
・(第1正孔輸送層)銅フタロシアニン: 膜厚10nm
さらに、これらの層を形成した素子基板を、一般的なスパッタリング装置に装填して、ITO(Indium Tin Oxide 酸化インジウム錫)をターゲットとして用いて、DCマグネトロンスパッタリングによって、厚さ0.2μmのITO薄膜からなる透明電極を形成して、有機EL材料を用いる発光素子である有機EL素子54を形成した。
有機EL素子54は素子基板52上に50μmピッチで正方配列されるものとした。
以上により電子デバイス(有機ELデバイス)50を作製した。
熱圧着工程を行う貼合装置として、平板状のテーブル100と、テーブル100の上方に配置されたローラー102とを有する貼合装置を用いた。テーブル100およびローラー102はそれぞれ加熱手段を有している。また、ローラー102はシリコンゴム製であった。また、テーブル100およびローラー102は減圧チャンバー内に設置されており、ロータリーポンプで減圧チャンバー内を減圧して貼合を行うことができる。
テーブル100の上に上記で作製した電子デバイス50を載置し、電子デバイス50の素子形成面上に上記で作製したガスバリアフィルム40を重ねた。その際、熱融着層30が素子形成面側を向くようにした。
ローラー102を用いてガスバリアフィルム40を基板32側から押圧しつつ、ローラー102を端部から平行移動させてガスバリアフィルム40と電子デバイス50とを熱圧着した。
ローラー102の移動速度は1m/minとし、ローラーによる圧力は0.3MPaとなるように調整した。
なお、ガスバリアフィルム40の端部から有機EL素子54までの距離は0.5mmとした。
熱圧着工程の後、基板32を有機層14との界面で剥離した。
以上によって電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
熱圧着工程において、テーブル100の温度を90℃に調温し、ローラー102の温度を30℃に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、70nmであった。
ローラー温度を120℃にした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、25nmであった。
[実施例4]
熱融着層のガラス転移温度Tgが80℃となるようにスチレンアクリルポリマーを添加した以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、80nmであった。
[実施例5]
ローラーによる圧力を1MPaとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、20nmであった。
[実施例6]
無機層の厚みを5nmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、50nmであった。
[実施例7]
無機層の厚みを100nmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、50nmであった。
[実施例8]
熱圧着工程前の熱融着層の厚みを10μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、70nmであった。
[実施例9]
熱圧着工程前の熱融着層の厚みを2μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、30nmであった。
[実施例10]
有機層の厚みを5μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、60nmであった。
[実施例11]
有機層の厚みを0.5μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、40nmであった。
[実施例12]
基板の厚みを80μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、90nmであった。
[実施例13]
基板の厚みを40μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
圧着後の端部における無機層16と電子デバイス50との間の距離を測定したところ、30nmであった。
ガスバリアフィルムの作製において、熱融着層を形成せず、下記のように接着剤を用いてガスバリアフィルムを電子デバイスに貼合した以外は実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
接着剤は、エポキシ樹脂(JER1001)を48%、エポキシ樹脂(JER152)を48%、シランカップリング剤(KBM502)を4%それぞれ加えたものをMEK(メチルエチルケトン)に溶解させて50%重量溶液としたものとした。
この接着剤をガスバリアフィルムの無機層上に所定の厚みとなるように塗布し、溶剤を十分に揮発させた後、電子デバイスに貼り合せ、100℃の環境に100時間放置して硬化させて電子デバイス積層体を作製した。
貼合後の端部における無機層と電子デバイスとの間の距離を測定したところ、1000nmであった。
<輝度>
各実施例および比較例で作製した電子デバイス積層体の作製直後に、各電子デバイス積層体をKeithlel社製のSMU2400型ソースメジャーユニットを用いて7Vの電圧を印加して発光させて、全体の輝度を測定した。その後、温度60℃、湿度90%の環境下で、200時間放置した。200時間放置後、上記と同様にして、電子デバイス積層体を点灯させて、全体の輝度を再度測定して輝度低下の割合を測定した。
AAA:輝度低下が1%以下である。
AA:輝度低下が1%以上3%未満であった。
A:輝度低下が3%以上5%未満であった。
B:輝度低下が5%以上8%未満であった。
C:輝度低下が8%以上10%未満であった。
D:輝度低下が10%以上30%未満であった。
E:輝度低下が30%以上であり、目視でも発光が低くなっていることが容易に視認できる。
評価はCまで許容でき、D以下がNGである。
また、200時間放置後、電子デバイス積層体を点灯させた状態で顕微鏡によって、封止層側から観測して、ダークスポットの発生の有無を確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:ダークスポットの発生が全く見られなかった
B:ダークスポットの発生が、わずかに見られた
C:ダークスポットの発生が明らかに認められた
D:ダークスポットの面積の割合の方が大きい
各実施例および比較例の電子デバイス積層体を、φ8mmで10万回外曲げした後に、先と同様に、輝度を測定し、電子デバイス積層体の作製直後の輝度に対する輝度低下の割合を求め、上記と同様の基準で評価した。
結果を、下記の表1に示す。
また、実施例1と実施例3との対比から、熱圧着工程において、基板側の温度をより高くした方が熱融着層を加熱して流動しやすくできるため、加圧によって無機層と電子デバイスとの間の距離を狭くできることがわかる。
また、実施例1と実施例4との対比から、熱融着層のガラス転移温度Tgが低い方が、加熱によって熱融着層を流動しやすくできるため、加圧によって無機層と電子デバイスとの間の距離を狭くできることがわかる。
また、実施例1と実施例5との対比から、熱圧着工程における加圧力が高いと、無機層と電子デバイスとの間の距離を狭くできることがわかる。
また、実施例1~5の対比から、無機層と電子デバイスとの間の距離が狭いほど、高湿熱試験後の輝度低下が少なく、ダークスポットの発生も少なく、耐久性が高いことがわかる。また、曲げ試験後の輝度低下も少なく可撓性が高いことがわかる。
以上の結果より、本発明の効果は明らかである。
12 封止層
14 有機層
16 無機層
30 熱融着層
32 基板
40 ガスバリアフィルム
50 電子デバイス
52 素子基板
54 有機EL素子
100 テーブル
102 ローラー
Claims (11)
- 熱融着層と無機層と有機層とをこの順に有する封止層、および、前記封止層の前記有機層側に、前記封止層から剥離可能に積層される基板を有するガスバリアフィルムを準備する工程と、
前記ガスバリアフィルムを、電子デバイスの凹凸を有する素子形成面上に、前記熱融着層側を前記素子形成面側に向けて加熱および加圧して圧着する熱圧着工程と、
前記基板を前記封止層から剥離する剥離工程と、を有し、
前記無機層の厚みが100nm以下であり、
前記熱融着層のガラス転移温度が20℃~180℃である電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。 - 前記熱圧着工程において、熱圧着後の、端部における前記無機層と前記電子デバイスとの間の距離が100nm未満となるように加熱温度と加圧する圧力とを調整する請求項1に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
- 前記電子デバイスが有機エレクトロルミネッセンスデバイスである請求項1または2に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
- 前記熱圧着工程において、前記ガスバリアフィルムへの加熱および加圧をローラーで行う請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
- 前記熱圧着工程において、前記基板側から加熱を行う請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
- 前記熱圧着工程において、前記電子デバイス側から加熱を行う請求項5に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
- 前記基板側の加熱温度が前記電子デバイス側の加熱温度よりも高い請求項6に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
- 前記基板が、トリアセチルセルロースフィルムである請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
- 前記基板の厚みが0.1μm~100μmである請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の電子デバイス積層体の製造方法。
- 素子形成面が凹凸を有する電子デバイスと、
前記素子形成面上に積層される熱融着層、無機層および有機層をこの順に有する転写層と、を有し、
前記無機層の厚みが100nm以下であり、
前記熱融着層のガラス転移温度が20℃~180℃であり、
端部における前記無機層と前記電子デバイスとの間の距離が100nm以下である電子デバイス積層体。 - 前記電子デバイスが有機エレクトロルミネッセンスデバイスである請求項10に記載の電子デバイス積層体。
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| JP2020548275A JP7112505B2 (ja) | 2018-09-27 | 2019-09-03 | 電子デバイス積層体の製造方法、および、電子デバイス積層体 |
| CN201980062967.3A CN112771996B (zh) | 2018-09-27 | 2019-09-03 | 电子器件层叠体的制造方法及电子器件层叠体 |
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| CN112701129B (zh) * | 2021-01-07 | 2023-10-31 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | 显示面板及其制作方法 |
| CN118283858B (zh) * | 2024-06-04 | 2024-08-16 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | 一种银纳米线加热装置及其制备方法和摄像设备 |
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| WO2013021924A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-14 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス発光装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2013069615A (ja) * | 2011-09-26 | 2013-04-18 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 有機elディスプレイ及びその製造方法 |
| JP2017043062A (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガスバリアフィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2017117653A (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | パイオニア株式会社 | 発光装置 |
| WO2018163937A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-13 | パイオニア株式会社 | 発光装置 |
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| JP6026331B2 (ja) | 2013-03-22 | 2016-11-16 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 有機el積層体 |
| JP6303835B2 (ja) | 2014-06-06 | 2018-04-04 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 電子デバイス |
| KR20170102239A (ko) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-09-08 | 아사히 가라스 가부시키가이샤 | 유리 적층체, 전자 디바이스의 제조 방법, 유리 적층체의 제조 방법, 유리판 곤포체 |
| JP6648752B2 (ja) | 2015-02-17 | 2020-02-14 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 封止構造体 |
| JP6527053B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2019-06-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガスバリアフィルムおよびガスバリアフィルムの転写方法 |
| JP2017117663A (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 固体酸化物型電池セル及びその評価装置 |
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- 2019-09-03 KR KR1020217008830A patent/KR102528054B1/ko active Active
- 2019-09-03 CN CN201980062967.3A patent/CN112771996B/zh active Active
- 2019-09-03 WO PCT/JP2019/034609 patent/WO2020066496A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-09-10 TW TW108132507A patent/TW202013789A/zh unknown
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| WO2013021924A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-14 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス発光装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2013069615A (ja) * | 2011-09-26 | 2013-04-18 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 有機elディスプレイ及びその製造方法 |
| JP2017043062A (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガスバリアフィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2017117653A (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | パイオニア株式会社 | 発光装置 |
| WO2018163937A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-13 | パイオニア株式会社 | 発光装置 |
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| CN112771996B (zh) | 2025-12-12 |
| KR102528054B1 (ko) | 2023-05-02 |
| JPWO2020066496A1 (ja) | 2021-08-30 |
| CN112771996A (zh) | 2021-05-07 |
| TW202013789A (zh) | 2020-04-01 |
| KR20210043697A (ko) | 2021-04-21 |
| JP7112505B2 (ja) | 2022-08-03 |
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