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WO2020062585A1 - 偏光片和显示装置 - Google Patents

偏光片和显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020062585A1
WO2020062585A1 PCT/CN2018/119656 CN2018119656W WO2020062585A1 WO 2020062585 A1 WO2020062585 A1 WO 2020062585A1 CN 2018119656 W CN2018119656 W CN 2018119656W WO 2020062585 A1 WO2020062585 A1 WO 2020062585A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
film layer
optical film
prism
optical axis
prism portions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/119656
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康志聪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HKC Co Ltd
Chongqing HKC Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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HKC Co Ltd
Chongqing HKC Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by HKC Co Ltd, Chongqing HKC Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd filed Critical HKC Co Ltd
Publication of WO2020062585A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020062585A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular, to a polarizer and a display device.
  • Exemplary large-size display panels include an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel and an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) panel, etc., where the LCD panel includes a VA (Vertical Vertical Alignment) liquid crystal panel and IPS (In-Plane Switching) LCD panels, etc.
  • VA LCD panels have the advantages of higher production efficiency and lower manufacturing costs, but they are more obvious in optical properties than IPS LCD panels. Defective optical properties, especially for large-size panels that require large viewing angles for commercial applications.
  • VA-type LCD panels quickly saturate the brightness at large viewing angles with voltage, which causes the viewing angle image quality contrast and color shift to deteriorate more seriously than the front-view image quality. There is a problem of color cast.
  • the VA liquid crystal technology solves the problem of viewing role deviation by subdividing R (Red, Red), G (Green, Green), and B (Blue, Blue) sub-pixels into primary and secondary pixels, so that the overall large viewing angle brightness changes with voltage. It is closer to the front view.
  • This method of providing different driving voltages to solve the defect of viewing role deviation is given by the primary and secondary pixels in space. It is often necessary to redesign metal traces or switching elements to drive the sub-pixels, causing sacrifices in the light-transmissive opening area. Affects panel penetration.
  • the present application provides a polarizer capable of improving viewing role polarization and having better panel transmittance.
  • a display device is provided.
  • a polarizer includes:
  • the second single optical axis optical film layer includes a plate-shaped portion and a plurality of spaced-apart prism portions formed on one side of the plate-shaped portion, and the plurality of prism portions are housed in the space.
  • a plurality of the prism portions are selected from one of a triangular prism structure and a triangular pyramid structure.
  • the prism portions When a plurality of the prism portions are triangular prism structures, One side surface of the prism portion is attached to the plate-like portion, and when a plurality of the prism portions are triangular pyramid structures, a bottom surface of each of the prism portions is attached to the plate-like portion;
  • a polarizing layer is laminated on a side of the plate-like portion remote from the prism portion.
  • a polarizer includes:
  • the second single optical axis optical film layer includes a plate-shaped portion and a plurality of spaced-apart prism portions formed on one side of the plate-shaped portion, and the plurality of prism portions are housed in the space.
  • a plurality of the prism portions are triangular prism structures, and the plurality of prism portions are arranged in parallel along a straight line, and one side surface of each of the prism portions is in contact with the The plate-shaped portions are abutted, and a distance between two adjacent side edges of the prism portion away from the plate-shaped portion is greater than or equal to two sides of each of the prism portions near the plate-shaped portion. Distance between edges
  • a polarizing layer is laminated on a side of the plate-like portion remote from the prism portion.
  • a display device includes a backlight source, a display panel, and the above-mentioned polarizer, wherein the display panel is located on one side of the backlight source, and the polarizer is located between the display panel and the backlight source; or The polarizer is located on a side of the display panel away from the backlight.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight source of the display device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarizer of the display device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second single optical axis optical film layer of the polarizer shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the second single optical axis optical film layer at another angle shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the second single optical axis optical film layer at another angle shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second single optical axis optical film layer of another embodiment of the polarizer shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the second single optical axis optical film layer of FIG. 7 at another angle;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the second single optical axis optical film layer at another angle shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a first single optical axis optical film layer and a second single optical axis optical film layer of the polarizer shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarizer of another embodiment of the display device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper polarizer of the display device shown in FIG. 1.
  • a display device 10 includes a backlight 100, a polarizer 200, a display panel 300, and a polarizer 400.
  • the backlight source 100 is a collimated backlight light source (BL), so that the energy of the light is concentrated and output at a positive viewing angle.
  • BL backlight light source
  • the backlight 100 includes a reflection sheet 110, a light guide plate 120, a prism film 130, and an LED light source 140, and the reflection sheet 110, the light guide plate 120, and the prism film 130 are sequentially stacked.
  • the light surface 121 and the LED light source 140 are disposed opposite to the light incident surface 121.
  • a side of the light guide plate 120 near the reflective sheet 110 is provided with a strip-shaped first groove 122.
  • the cross-section of the first groove 122 is V-shaped and the first concave
  • the extending direction of the groove 122 is perpendicular to the light emitting direction of the LED light source 140.
  • a side of the light guide plate 120 near the prism film 130 is provided with a strip-shaped second groove 123.
  • the cross-section of the second groove 123 is V-shaped, and the second groove The extending direction of 123 is parallel to the light emitting direction of the LED light source 140.
  • the prism side of the prism film 130 is laminated on the light guide plate 120.
  • the polarizer 200 is located on one side of the backlight 100. Specifically, the polarizer 200 includes a first single optical axis optical film layer 210, a second single optical axis optical film layer 220, a polarizing layer 230, a first compensation film layer 240, a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 250, and a first protective layer. 260.
  • the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 has optical anisotropy, and light passing through the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 may cause a birefringence phenomenon.
  • the light rays entering the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 can be equivalent to two light rays whose vibration directions are perpendicular to each other.
  • the light rays that are perpendicular to the optical axis of the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 are called ordinary rays.
  • O light; light that is parallel to the optical axis of the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 is referred to as extraordinary light, and is referred to as E light.
  • the extraordinary light refractive index (ne1) is the equivalent refractive index of the optical axis of the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 parallel to the direction of electric field vibration;
  • the ordinary light refractive index (no1) is the first single light
  • the material of the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 is a dish-shaped liquid crystal molecular material.
  • the ordinary light refractive index of the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 is 1.0-2.5.
  • the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 is disposed on the first single optical axis optical film layer 210.
  • the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220 has optical anisotropy, and light passing through the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220 may cause a birefringence phenomenon.
  • the light rays entering the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220 can be equivalent to two light rays whose vibration directions are perpendicular to each other.
  • the light rays perpendicular to the optical axis of the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220 are called ordinary rays.
  • the extraordinary light refractive index (ne2) is an equivalent refractive index of the optical axis of the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 parallel to the electric field vibration direction; the ordinary light refractive index (no2) is the second single light
  • the equivalent refractive index of the optical axis of the axial optical film layer 220 is perpendicular to the direction of electric field vibration.
  • the material of the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 is a nematic liquid crystal molecular material.
  • the extraordinary light refractive index of the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220 is 1.0 to 2.5, so as to distribute the energy of the front-view light to a large viewing angle.
  • the extraordinary light refractive index of the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220 is greater than the ordinary light refractive index of the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210.
  • the difference between the extraordinary refractive index of the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 and the refractive index of the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 is 0.01 to 1.5.
  • the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 includes a plate-shaped portion 221 and a plurality of prism portions 222.
  • the plate-like portion 221 is laminated on the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210.
  • a plurality of prism portions 222 are formed on one side of the plate-like portion 221 and are disposed at intervals.
  • the plurality of prism portions 222 are housed in the first single optical axis optical film layer 210.
  • the plurality of prism portions 222 are located on the plate-shaped portion 221 on the side of the first single optical axis optical film layer 210.
  • each of the plurality of prism portions 222 is a triangular prism structure or a triangular pyramid structure.
  • each prism portion 222 has a triangular prism structure
  • one side surface of each prism portion 222 is in contact with the plate-shaped portion 221.
  • the plurality of prism portions 222 are arranged in parallel.
  • the plurality of prism portions 222 are arranged in parallel along a straight line, and the distance between the side edges of two adjacent prism portions 222 away from the plate-shaped portion 221 is greater than or equal to that of the prism portion 222 near the plate-shaped portion 221. The distance between two side edges.
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 together.
  • the distance (Px1) between the side edges of two adjacent prism portions 222 away from the plate-shaped portion 221 is greater than or equal to two of the prism portion 222 near the plate-shaped portion 221.
  • the distance (Lx1) between the side edges; D + d is the maximum thickness of the second single optical axis optical film layer 220.
  • the optical axis direction (long axis direction) of the liquid crystal in the single-optical-axis optical film layer 220 is parallel to the light emitting surface or the light incident surface, which may be parallel to the arrangement direction of the plurality of prism portions 222 and perpendicular to each prism portion 222.
  • the extending direction of the prisms may be perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the plurality of prism portions 222 and parallel to the extending direction of each prism portion 222.
  • the transmissive polarization direction of the apparent polarization layer 230 determines the extraordinary light direction refractive index (ne2) and the ordinary light direction refractive index (no2).
  • the optical axis direction (long axis direction) of the liquid crystal in the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 is parallel to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing layer 230, and the optical axis direction (long axis) of the liquid crystal in the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 (Axis direction) is perpendicular to the short axis direction of the liquid crystal in the second single optical axis optical film layer 220. Therefore, the transmission axis direction of the polarizing layer 230 determines the extraordinary light direction refractive index (ne2) and the ordinary light direction refractive index (no2). .
  • each of the plurality of prism portions 222 has a regular triangular prism structure.
  • each prism portion 222 when the plurality of prism portions 222 have a triangular pyramid structure, one bottom surface of each prism portion 222 is in contact with the plate-shaped portion 221.
  • the plurality of prism portions 222 are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix to more effectively distribute the light energy of the positive viewing angle to the two-dimensional direction, so that the viewing angle of the display device 10 is more uniform.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 please refer to FIGS. 7 to 9 together.
  • Each prism portion 222 has a vertex opposite to the bottom surface, passes through a line between the vertices of two adjacent prism portions 222, and is perpendicular to the two adjacent prism portions.
  • each of the plurality of prism portions 222 is a regular triangular pyramid structure.
  • the polarizing layer 230 is laminated on the plate-shaped portion 221 on the side away from the prism portion 222. Among them, the polarizing layer 230 has the functions of absorbing and transmitting polarized light, and the light intensity can be adjusted with the driving of liquid crystal molecules. Specifically, the polarizing layer 230 is a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 and the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 form a flat optical film.
  • the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 and the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220 must have a certain thickness to ensure the weather resistance of the polarizing layer 230, prevent the polarizing layer 230 from contacting the external environment, and prevent moisture from affecting the polarizing layer 230. Make an impact.
  • the extraordinary refractive index (ne2) and ordinary refractive index (no2) of the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 can be selected.
  • the film thickness direction (perpendicular to the light emitting surface) is parallel to the Z axis direction.
  • the principle of allocating light energy with a positive angle of view to a large angle of view is: light propagates from a sparse medium to a light dense medium, that is, light propagates from the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 to the second
  • the single optical axis optical film layer 220 may cause refraction or diffusion due to the difference in refractive index.
  • the multiple prism portions 222 of the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 are all triangular prism structures or triangular pyramid structures, the direction of travel of light The light that is not perpendicular to the interface between the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 and the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 will allow the light energy of the normal viewing angle to be distributed to the side viewing angle, so that the side viewing angle can enjoy the image quality presentation of the positive viewing angle. .
  • the first compensation film layer 240 is laminated on a side of the polarizing layer 230 away from the second single optical axis optical film layer 220. Among them, the first compensation film layer 240 has birefringence, can compensate the polarized light output of the liquid crystal molecules at a large viewing angle, and can also support and protect the polarization layer 230.
  • the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 250 is laminated on a side of the first compensation film layer 240 away from the polarizing layer 230.
  • the first protective layer 260 is laminated on a side of the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 away from the second single optical axis optical film layer 220.
  • the first protective layer 260 is a transparent layer, which mainly plays a supporting and protecting role.
  • the first protective layer 260 is an organic material layer. More specifically, the first protective layer 260 is selected from one of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer, a cellulose triacetate layer (TAC), and a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • TAC cellulose triacetate layer
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • the polarizer 200 is not limited to the above structure, and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 250 layer may be omitted; similarly, the first compensation film layer 240 may be omitted.
  • the polarizer 200 is not limited to the above structure. Please refer to FIG. 11 together.
  • the first protective layer 260 is laminated between the plate-shaped portion 221 and the polarizing layer 230. In one embodiment, the first protective layer 260 may be omitted.
  • the polarizing layer 230 of the polarizer 200 has the function of absorbing and penetrating polarized light.
  • the light entering the polarizer 200 can be divided into horizontal polarization Component light and vertically polarized component light, when the transmission axis of the polarizer 200 is parallel to the arrangement direction of the plurality of prism portions 222, and the absorption axis is parallel to the extending direction of each prism portion 222, the horizontal polarization of the transmission axis is considered.
  • the light of the polarized component passes through the first single optical axis optical film layer 210, and the light of the horizontally polarized component has the equivalent refractive index corresponding to the first single optical axis optical film layer 210, and then passes through the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 ,
  • the extraordinary light refractive index corresponding to the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 is ne2, so the horizontally polarized light undergoes light sparse entry into the light dense medium (ne2> no1) at the interface between the two media. Interface with optically dense medium that is not perpendicular to the direction of light travel Light passes through the interface to produce a refraction effect, so that the positive
  • the transmission axis of the polarizer 200 is parallel to the extending direction of each prism portion 222 and the absorption axis is parallel to the arrangement direction of the plurality of prism portions 222, the light having a vertical polarization component of the transmission axis is considered in the first unit.
  • the single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 has the equivalent refractive index of the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 corresponding to the vertically polarized component light, and then passes through the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220, corresponding to the second single-light
  • the extraordinary optical refractive index of the axial optical film layer 220 is ne2, so the horizontally polarized light enters the optically dense medium (ne2> no1) at the interface between the two media. The interface where the light advances in a vertical direction. Light passes through the interface to produce a refraction effect, so that the positive-angle light type energy distribution has a large viewing angle.
  • the display panel 300 is laminated on a side of the polarizer 200 remote from the backlight 100. In one embodiment, the display panel 300 is laminated on a side of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 250 away from the first compensation film layer 240. Specifically, the display panel 300 is a liquid crystal display panel.
  • the polarizing plate 400 is laminated on a side of the liquid crystal panel 300 away from the polarizer 200. Please refer to FIG. 12 together. Specifically, the polarizing plate 400 includes a second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 410, a second compensation film layer 420, a polarizing layer 430, a second protective layer 440, an optical film layer 450, and an anti-glare layer that are sequentially stacked. Reflective layer 460.
  • the materials and functions of the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 410 and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 250 are approximately the same; the materials and functions of the second compensation film layer 420 and the first compensation film layer 240 are approximately the same; the polarizing layer 430 and the polarizing layer
  • the materials and functions of 230 are substantially the same; the functions of the second protective layer 440 and the first protective layer 260 are substantially the same, and the material of the second protective layer 440 is an organic material layer.
  • the second protective layer 440 is selected from one of a high-temperature-resistant polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer, a cellulose triacetate layer (TAC), and PMMA; the optical film layer 450 may be as required
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • TAC cellulose triacetate layer
  • the function is to select the corresponding film; the role of the anti-glare low-reflection layer 460 is to prevent glare and reduce the reflection of light to reduce the energy loss of light.
  • the display device 10 is not limited to the above structure, and the polarizing plate 400 in the display device 10 may also be a polarizer 200, that is, the polarizer 200 may also be used as an upper polarizer, and is located on a display panel 300 away from the backlight 100 side.
  • the above display device 10 has at least the following advantages:
  • the above-mentioned polarizer 200 is provided with a second single optical axis optical film layer 220 between the first single optical axis optical film layer 210 and the polarizing layer 230, and an extraordinary optical refractive index of the second single optical axis optical film layer 220 is greater than that of the first single optical axis optical film layer 220.
  • the ordinary light refractive index of the single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 light is transmitted from the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 to the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220. Due to the difference in refractive index, a phenomenon of refraction or diffusion occurs.
  • the multiple prism portions 222 of the two single-optical-axis optical film layers 220 are all triangular prism structures or triangular pyramid structures, and the direction of travel is not the same as the interface between the first single-optical-axis optical film layer 210 and the second single-optical-axis optical film layer 220.
  • the vertical light allows the light energy of the front viewing angle to be distributed to the side viewing angle, so that the side viewing angle can watch the image quality presentation of the front viewing angle, which solves the problem of the large viewing role of the display device 10; at the same time, the display panel 300 does not need to separate the RGB sub-pixels.
  • Pixels are divided into primary and sub-pixel structures, avoiding the need to design metal traces or TFT elements to drive the sub-pixels, causing sacrifices to the transparent opening area and affecting panel penetration. Therefore, the above-mentioned polarizer 200 can not only improve the viewing role polarization, but also has a better panel transmittance.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)

Abstract

一种偏光片（200），包括第一单光轴光学膜层（210）、第二单光轴光学膜层（220）及偏振层（230），第二单光轴光学膜层设置在第一单光轴光学膜层上，第二单光轴光学膜层的非寻常光折射率大于第一单光轴光学膜层的寻常光折射率，第二单光轴光学膜层包括板状部（221）和形成在板状部的一侧上多个间隔设置的棱镜部（222），多个棱镜部均收容在第一单光轴光学膜层中，其中，多个棱镜部选自三棱柱结构及三棱锥结构中的一种；偏振层层叠在板状部远离棱镜部的一侧上。

Description

偏光片和显示装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年9月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811161983.1、发明名称为“偏光片和显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，特别是涉及一种偏光片和显示装置。
背景技术
示例性的大尺寸显示面板包括LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示器)面板和OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管)面板等，其中，LCD面板包括VA(Vertical Alignment，垂直排列)液晶面板和IPS(In-Plane Switching，平面转换)液晶面板等，VA型液晶面板相较于IPS液晶面板存在较高的生产效率及低制造成本的优势，但光学性质上相较于IPS液晶面板存在较明显的光学性质缺陷，尤其是大尺寸面板在商业应用方面需要较大的视角呈现，VA型液晶面板在大视角亮度随电压快速饱和造成视角画质对比及色偏相较于正视画质品质恶化严重，存在色偏的问题。
VA型液晶技术解决视角色偏的方式是将R(Red，红)、G(Green，绿)、B(Blue，蓝)各子像素再划分为主次像素，使得整体大视角亮度随电压变化较为接近正视，这种由空间上主次像素给予不同的驱动电压来解决视角色偏 的缺陷的方式，往往需要再设计金属走线或开关元件来驱动次像素，造成可透光开口区牺牲，影响面板穿透率。
发明内容
本申请提供一种能够改善视角色偏且面板穿透率较好的偏光片。
此外，还提供了一种显示装置。
一种偏光片，包括：
第一单光轴光学膜层；
设置在所述第一单光轴光学膜层上的第二单光轴光学膜层，所述第二单光轴光学膜层的非寻常光折射率大于所述第一单光轴光学膜层的寻常光折射率，所述第二单光轴光学膜层包括板状部和形成在所述板状部的一侧上多个间隔设置的棱镜部，多个所述棱镜部均收容在所述第一单光轴光学膜层中，其中，多个所述棱镜部选自三棱柱结构及三棱锥结构中的一种，当多个所述棱镜部均为三棱柱结构时，每个所述棱镜部的一个侧面与所述板状部相贴合，当多个所述棱镜部均为三棱锥结构时，每个所述棱镜部的底面与所述板状部相贴合；
偏振层，层叠在所述板状部远离所述棱镜部的一侧上。
一种偏光片，包括：
第一单光轴光学膜层；
设置在所述第一单光轴光学膜层上的第二单光轴光学膜层，所述第二单光轴光学膜层的非寻常光折射率大于所述第一单光轴光学膜层的寻常光折射率，所述第二单光轴光学膜层包括板状部和形成在所述板状部的一侧上多个间隔设置的棱镜部，多个所述棱镜部均收容在所述第一单光轴光学膜层中， 其中，多个所述棱镜部均为三棱柱结构，多个所述棱镜部沿一直线平行排布，每个所述棱镜部的一个侧面与所述板状部相贴合，相邻的两个所述棱镜部远离所述板状部一侧的侧棱之间的距离大于或等于每个所述棱镜部靠近所述板状部的两个侧棱之间的距离；
偏振层，层叠在所述板状部远离所述棱镜部的一侧上。
一种显示装置，包括背光源、显示面板及上述的偏光片，所述显示面板位于所述背光源的一侧，所述偏光片位于所述显示面板和所述背光源之间；或者，所述偏光片位于所述显示面板远离所述背光源的一侧。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
图1为一实施方式的显示装置的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的显示装置的背光源的结构示意图；
图3为图1所示的显示装置的偏光片的结构示意图；
图4为图3所示的偏光片的第二单光轴光学膜层的结构示意图；
图5为图4所示的第二单光轴光学膜层的另一角度的结构示意图；
图6为图4所示的第二单光轴光学膜层的另一角度的结构示意图；
图7为图3所示的偏光片的另一实施方式的第二单光轴光学膜层的结构示意图；
图8为图7所示的第二单光轴光学膜层的另一角度的结构示意图；
图9为图7所示的第二单光轴光学膜层的另一角度的结构示意图；
图10为图3所示的偏光片的第一单光轴光学膜层和第二单光轴光学膜层 的结构示意图；
图11为图1所示的显示装置的另一实施方式的偏光片的结构示意图；
图12为图1所示的显示装置的上偏光片的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请提供一种偏光片和显示装置，为使本申请的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下对本申请进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
请参阅图1，一实施方式的显示装置10包括背光源100、偏光片200、显示面板300及偏光板400。
其中，背光源100为准直背光光源(collimate light emitting BL)，以使光的能量集中在正视角输出。
请一并参阅图2，具体地，背光源100包括反射片110、导光板120、棱镜膜130及LED光源140，反射片110、导光板120和棱镜膜130依次层叠设置，导光板120具有入光面121，LED光源140与入光面121相对设置，导光板120靠近反射片110的一侧开设有条形的第一凹槽122，第一凹槽122的截面呈V形，第一凹槽122的延伸方向与LED光源140的出光方向垂直，导光板120靠近棱镜膜130的一侧开设有条形的第二凹槽123，第二凹槽123的截面呈V形，第二凹槽123的延伸方向与LED光源140的出光方向平行。在一实施例中，棱镜膜130的棱镜一侧层叠在导光板120上。
请一并参阅图3，偏光片200位于背光源100的一侧。具体地，偏光片200包括第一单光轴光学膜层210、第二单光轴光学膜层220、偏振层230、第一补偿膜层240、第一压敏胶层250以及第一保护层260。
第一单光轴光学膜层210具有光学各向异性，光通过第一单光轴光学膜层210会产生双折射现象。其中，进入第一单光轴光学膜层210的光线可以等效为振动方向互相垂直的两束光线，与第一单光轴光学膜层210的光轴垂直的光线，称为寻常光线，简称O光；与第一单光轴光学膜层210的光轴平行的光线，称为非寻常光线，简称E光。在一实施例中，非寻常光折射率(ne1)为第一单光轴光学膜层210的光轴与电场振动方向平行的等效折射率；寻常光折射率(no1)为第一单光轴光学膜层210的光轴与电场振动方向垂直的等效折射率。具体地，第一单光轴光学膜层210的材料为碟状液晶分子材料。
在一实施例中，第一单光轴光学膜层210的寻常光折射率为1.0～2.5。
第二单光轴光学膜层220设置在第一单光轴光学膜层210上。第二单光轴光学膜层220具有光学各向异性，光通过第二单光轴光学膜层220会产生双折射现象。其中，进入第二单光轴光学膜层220的光线可以等效为振动方向互相垂直的两束光线，与第二单光轴光学膜层220的光轴垂直的光线，称为寻常光线，简称O光；与第二单光轴光学膜层220的光轴平行的光线，称为非寻常光线，简称E光。在一实施例中，非寻常光折射率(ne2)为第二单光轴光学膜层220的光轴与电场振动方向平行的等效折射率；寻常光折射率(no2)为第二单光轴光学膜层220的光轴与电场振动方向垂直的等效折射率。具体地，第二单光轴光学膜层220的材料为向列相液晶分子材料。
在一实施例中，第二单光轴光学膜层220的非寻常光折射率为1.0～2.5，以将正视光能量分配到大视角。
可选地，第二单光轴光学膜层220的非寻常光折射率大于第一单光轴光学膜层210的寻常光折射率。具体地，第二单光轴光学膜层220的非寻常光折射率与第一单光轴光学膜层210的折射率之差为0.01～1.5。其中，第二单 光轴光学膜层220的非寻常光折射率与第一单光轴光学膜层210的折射率之差越大，越容易将正视光能量分配到大视角。
请一并参阅图4，具体地，第二单光轴光学膜层220包括板状部221和与多个棱镜部222。
板状部221层叠在第一单光轴光学膜层210上。
多个棱镜部222形成在板状部221的一侧上，并间隔设置，多个棱镜部222均收容在第一单光轴光学膜层210中。其中，多个棱镜部222位于板状部221靠近第一单光轴光学膜层210一侧。具体地，多个棱镜部222均为三棱柱结构或三棱锥结构。
当多个棱镜部222均为三棱柱结构时，每个棱镜部222的一个侧面与板状部221相贴合。在一实施例中，多个棱镜部222平行排布。可选地，多个棱镜部222沿一直线平行排布，相邻的两个棱镜部222远离板状部221一侧的侧棱之间的距离大于或等于棱镜部222靠近板状部221的两个侧棱之间的距离。例如，请一并参阅图5和图6，相邻的两个棱镜部222远离板状部221一侧的侧棱之间的距离(Px1)大于或等于棱镜部222靠近板状部221的两个侧棱之间的距离(Lx1)；D+d为第二单光轴光学膜层220的最大厚度。
其中，单光轴光学膜层220中液晶的光轴方向(长轴方向)平行于出光面或入光面，既可以平行于多个棱镜部222的排布方向，垂直于每个棱镜部222的延伸方向，又可以垂直于多个棱镜部222的排布方向，平行于每个棱镜部222的延伸方向。其中，视偏振层230的穿透偏振方向决定非寻常光方向折射率(ne2)与寻常光方向折射率(no2)。即第二单光轴光学膜层220中液晶的光轴方向(长轴方向)平行于偏振层230的穿透轴方向，而第二单光轴光学膜层220中液晶的光轴方向(长轴方向)垂直于第二单光轴光学膜层220 中液晶的短轴方向，因此，偏振层230的穿透轴方向决定非寻常光方向折射率(ne2)与寻常光方向折射率(no2)。
其中，多个棱镜部222平行排布时，多个棱镜部222的侧棱互相平行。具体地，多个棱镜部222均为正三棱柱结构。
在一实施例中，当多个棱镜部222均为三棱锥结构时，每个棱镜部222的一个底面与板状部221相贴合。可选地，多个棱镜部222呈二维矩阵排列，以更有效地将正视角光能量分配到二维方向，使得显示装置10全视角观赏更为均匀。其中，请一并参阅图7至图9，每个棱镜部222具有与底面相对的顶点，经过相邻的两个棱镜部222的顶点之间的连线并垂直于相邻的两个棱镜部222的底面的垂面与相邻的两个棱镜部222中的每一个的底面相交，垂面与相邻的两个棱镜部222中的每一个的底面的交线的长度(Lx2或Ly)小于或等于连线的长度(Px2或Py)，即Lx2≤Px2，Ly≤Py。具体地，多个棱镜部222均为正三棱锥结构。
偏振层230层叠在板状部221远离棱镜部222一侧上。其中，偏振层230对于偏振光具备吸收跟穿透的作用，配合液晶分子的驱动可以调节光强度。具体地，偏振层230为聚乙烯醇(PVA)层。
其中，第一单光轴光学膜层210和第二单光轴光学膜层220形成平整的光学膜。第一单光轴光学膜层210和第二单光轴光学膜层220要保持一定的厚度，以保证偏振层230的耐候性，使偏振层230不接触外界环境，防止湿气对偏振层230产生影响。
依偏振层230的不同出光偏振方向可以选择第二单光轴光学膜层220的非寻常光方向折射率(ne2)与寻常光方向折射率(no2)，当偏振层230的出光的偏振方向(平行于偏振层230的穿透轴方向)与x轴方向平行时，单光 轴光学膜层220折射率为ne2＝nx>no2＝ny，或者当偏振层230的出光的偏振方向(平行于偏振层230的穿透轴方向)与Y轴方向平行时，第二单光轴光学膜层220折射率为ne2＝ny>no2＝nx，膜厚方向(垂直于出光面)与Z轴方向平行，第二单光轴光学膜层220的折射率为nz＝no2。
请一并参阅图10，其中，将正视角的光能量分配到大视角的原理为：光由光疏介质传播到光密介质，即光由第一单光轴光学膜层210传播到第二单光轴光学膜层220，由于折射率的差异会产生折射或扩散现象，当第二单光轴光学膜层220的多个棱镜部222均为三棱柱结构或三棱锥结构，光的行进方向与第一单光轴光学膜层210和第二单光轴光学膜层220的交接面不垂直的光会让正视角光能量分配到侧视角，让侧视角可以观赏到正视角的画质呈现。
第一补偿膜层240层叠在偏振层230远离第二单光轴光学膜层220的一侧上。其中，第一补偿膜层240具有双折射性，能够补偿液晶分子的大视角的偏振光输出，同时，还能够支撑并保护偏振层230。
第一压敏胶层250层叠在第一补偿膜层240远离偏振层230的一侧上。
第一保护层260层叠在第一单光轴光学膜层210远离第二单光轴光学膜层220的一侧上。其中，第一保护层260为透明层，主要起支撑和保护作用。具体地，第一保护层260为有机物层。更具体地，第一保护层260选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)层、三醋酸纤维素层(TAC)及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)层中的一种。
需要说明的是，偏光片200不限于上述结构，第一压敏胶层250层可以省略；同理，第一补偿膜层240也可以省略。
需要说明的是，偏光片200不限于上述结构，请一并参阅图11，第一保 护层260层叠在板状部221和偏振层230之间。在一实施例中，第一保护层260也可省略。
上述偏光片200的工作原理为：
当棱镜部222为三棱柱结构时，光进入显示面板300前先通过偏光片200，偏光片200的偏振层230对于偏振光具备吸收和穿透的作用，光进入偏光片200可分为水平偏振分量的光和垂直偏振分量的光，当偏光片200的穿透轴平行于多个棱镜部222的排布方向，吸收轴平行于每个棱镜部222延伸方向时，则考量穿透轴水平偏振分量的光在第一单光轴光学膜层210及第二单光轴光学膜层220(此时第二单光轴光学膜层220折射率为ne2＝nx>no2＝ny)的作用，水平偏振分量的光通过第一单光轴光学膜层210，水平偏振分量的光于第一单光轴光学膜层210对应的等效折射率为no1，后经过第二单光轴光学膜层220，对应于第二单光轴光学膜层220的非寻常光折射率为ne2，因此该水平偏振的光在两介质接面发生光疏进入光密介质(ne2>no1)的行为，光疏介质和光密介质形成的非与光前进方向垂直的交接面，光通过该交接面产生折射效应，而使正视角光型能量分配大视角。
同理，当偏光片200的穿透轴平行于每个棱镜部222延伸方向，吸收轴平行于多个棱镜部222的排布方向时，则考量穿透轴垂直偏振分量的光在第一单光轴光学膜层210及第二单光轴光学膜层220(此时第二单光轴光学膜层220折射率为ne2＝ny>no2＝nx)的作用，垂直偏振分量的光通过第一单光轴光学膜层210，垂直偏振分量的光于第一单光轴光学膜层210对应的等效折射率为no1，后经过第二单光轴光学膜层220，对应于第二单光轴光学膜层220的非寻常光折射率为ne2，因此该水平偏振的光在两介质接面发生光疏进入光密介质(ne2>no1)的行为，光疏介质和光密介质形成的非与光前进方向垂 直的交接面，光通过该交接面产生折射效应，而使正视角光型能量分配大视角。
显示面板300层叠在偏光片200远离背光源100的一侧上。在一实施例中，显示面板300层叠在第一压敏胶层250远离第一补偿膜层240的一侧。具体地，显示面板300为液晶显示面板。
偏光板400层叠在液晶面板300远离偏光片200的一侧。请一并参阅图12，具体地，偏光板400包括依次层叠的第二压敏胶层410、第二补偿膜层420、偏光层430、第二保护层440、光学膜层450及防炫低反射层460。
其中，第二压敏胶层410与第一压敏胶层250的材料和功能大致相同；第二补偿膜层420与第一补偿膜层240的材料和功能大致相同；偏光层430与偏振层230的材料和功能大致相同；第二保护层440与第一保护层260的功能大致相同，第二保护层440的材料为有机物层。在一实施例中，第二保护层440选自耐高温聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)层、三醋酸纤维素层(TAC)及PMMA中的一种；光学膜层450可以根据需要的功能选择相应的薄膜；防炫低反射层460的作用是防止产生炫光并减少光的反射，以减少光的能量损失。
需要说明的是，显示装置10不限于上述结构，显示装置10中的偏光板400也可以为偏光片200，即偏光片200也可以作为上偏光片，并位于显示面板300远离背光源100的一侧。
上述显示装置10至少具有如下优点：
上述偏光片200通过在第一单光轴光学膜层210和偏振层230之间设置第二单光轴光学膜层220，第二单光轴光学膜层220的非寻常光折射率大于第一单光轴光学膜层210的寻常光折射率，光由第一单光轴光学膜层210传 播到第二单光轴光学膜层220，由于折射率的差异会产生折射或扩散现象，当第二单光轴光学膜层220的多个棱镜部222均为三棱柱结构或三棱锥结构，行进方向与第一单光轴光学膜层210和第二单光轴光学膜层220的交接面不垂直的光会让正视角光能量分配到侧视角，让侧视角可以观赏到正视角的画质呈现，解决显示装置10的大视角色偏的问题；同时，显示面板300不需要将RGB各子像素划分为主像素及次像素结构，避免再设计金属走线或TFT元件来驱动次像素，造成可透光开口区牺牲，影响面板穿透率。因此，上述偏光片200不仅能够改善视角色偏，而且面板穿透率较好。
应当理解的是，本申请的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本申请所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种偏光片，包括：
    第一单光轴光学膜层；
    设置在所述第一单光轴光学膜层上的第二单光轴光学膜层，所述第二单光轴光学膜层的非寻常光折射率大于所述第一单光轴光学膜层的寻常光折射率，所述第二单光轴光学膜层包括板状部和形成在所述板状部的一侧上多个间隔设置的棱镜部，多个所述棱镜部均收容在所述第一单光轴光学膜层中，其中，多个所述棱镜部选自三棱柱结构及三棱锥结构中的一种，当多个所述棱镜部均为三棱柱结构时，每个所述棱镜部的一个侧面与所述板状部相贴合，当多个所述棱镜部均为三棱锥结构时，每个所述棱镜部的底面与所述板状部相贴合；以及
    偏振层，层叠在所述板状部远离所述棱镜部的一侧上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，所述第一单光轴光学膜层的寻常光折射率为1.0～2.5。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，所述第二单光轴光学膜层的非寻常光折射率为1.0～2.5。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，所述第二单光轴光学膜层的非寻常光折射率与所述第一单光轴光学膜层的寻常光折射率之差为0.01～1.5。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，多个所述棱镜部均为三棱柱结构，且多个所述棱柱部平行排布，相邻的两个所述棱镜部远离所述板状部一侧的侧棱之间的距离大于或等于每个所述棱镜部靠近所述板状部的两个侧棱之间的距离。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的偏光片，其中，多个所述棱镜部均为正三棱锥 结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，多个所述棱镜部均为三棱锥结构，多个所述棱镜部呈二维矩阵排布，每个所述棱镜部具有与所述底面相对的顶点，经过相邻的两个所述棱镜部的所述顶点之间的连线并垂直于所述相邻的两个所述棱镜部的所述底面的垂面与所述相邻的两个所述棱镜部的所述底面相交，所述垂面与所述相邻的两个所述棱镜部中的一个的所述底面具有交线，所述交线的长度小于或等于所述连线的长度。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的偏光片，其中，多个所述棱镜部均为正三棱锥结构。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，所述第一单光轴光学膜层的材料为碟状液晶分子材料。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，所述第二单光轴光学膜层的材料为向列相液晶分子材料。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，所述偏振层为聚乙烯醇层。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，还包括第一保护层，所述第一保护层层叠在所述第一单光轴光学膜层远离所述第二单光轴光学膜层的一侧上。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，还包括第一保护层，所述保护层层叠在所述板状部与所述偏振层之间。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，还包括第一补偿膜层，所述第一补偿膜层层叠在所述偏振层远离所述第二单光轴光学膜层的一侧上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的偏光片，其中，还包括第一压敏胶层，所述第一压敏胶层层叠在所述第一补偿膜层远离所述偏振层的一侧上。
  16. 一种偏光片，包括：
    第一单光轴光学膜层；
    设置在所述第一单光轴光学膜层上的第二单光轴光学膜层，所述第二单光轴光学膜层的非寻常光折射率大于所述第一单光轴光学膜层的寻常光折射率，所述第二单光轴光学膜层包括板状部和形成在所述板状部的一侧上多个间隔设置的棱镜部，多个所述棱镜部均收容在所述第一单光轴光学膜层中，其中，多个所述棱镜部均为三棱柱结构，多个所述棱镜部沿一直线平行排布，每个所述棱镜部的一个侧面与所述板状部相贴合，相邻的两个所述棱镜部远离所述板状部一侧的侧棱之间的距离大于或等于每个所述棱镜部靠近所述板状部的两个侧棱之间的距离；
    偏振层，层叠在所述板状部远离所述棱镜部的一侧上。
  17. 一种显示装置，包括背光源、显示面板及权利要求1所述的偏光片，所述显示面板位于所述背光源的一侧，所述偏光片位于所述显示面板和所述背光源之间；或者，所述偏光片位于所述显示面板远离所述背光源的一侧。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的显示装置，其中，所述背光源为准直背光光源。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的显示装置，其中，背光源包括反射片、导光板、棱镜膜及LED光源，所述反射片、所述导光板和所述棱镜膜依次层叠设置，所述导光板具有入光面，所述LED光源与所述入光面相对设置，所述导光板靠近所述反射片的一侧开设有条形的第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽的截面呈V形，所述第一凹槽的延伸方向与所述LED光源的出光方向垂直，所述导光板靠近所述棱镜膜的一侧开设有条形的第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽的截面呈V形，所述第二凹槽的延伸方向与所述LED光源的出光方向平行。
PCT/CN2018/119656 2018-09-30 2018-12-07 偏光片和显示装置 Ceased WO2020062585A1 (zh)

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