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WO2020052012A1 - 一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法 - Google Patents

一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020052012A1
WO2020052012A1 PCT/CN2018/112378 CN2018112378W WO2020052012A1 WO 2020052012 A1 WO2020052012 A1 WO 2020052012A1 CN 2018112378 W CN2018112378 W CN 2018112378W WO 2020052012 A1 WO2020052012 A1 WO 2020052012A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
continuous
roof
height adjustment
roadway
mining machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/112378
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张农
谢正正
魏群
周俊瑶
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Original Assignee
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China University of Mining and Technology CUMT, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB filed Critical China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority to US17/257,239 priority Critical patent/US20210270134A1/en
Publication of WO2020052012A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020052012A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/08—Advancing mechanisms
    • E21D23/081—Advancing mechanisms forming parts of the roof supports
    • E21D23/087—Advancing mechanisms forming parts of the roof supports acting directly on the walls of the seam
    • E21D23/088—Advancing mechanisms forming parts of the roof supports acting directly on the walls of the seam by means of wheels, rollers, caterpillars, belts or worm screws
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
    • E21C25/06—Machines slitting solely by one or more cutting rods or cutting drums which rotate, move through the seam, and may or may not reciprocate
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
    • E21C25/06—Machines slitting solely by one or more cutting rods or cutting drums which rotate, move through the seam, and may or may not reciprocate
    • E21C25/10—Rods; Drums
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
    • E21C25/68—Machines for making slits combined with equipment for removing, e.g. by loading, material won by other means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C27/00—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam
    • E21C27/20—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting
    • E21C27/24—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting by milling means acting on the full working face, i.e. the rotary axis of the tool carrier being substantially parallel to the working face
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/302—Measuring, signaling or indicating specially adapted for machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/006—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor provided with essential hydraulic devices
    • E21D23/0073—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor provided with essential hydraulic devices with advancing shifting devices connected therewith
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
    • E21D23/06—Special mine caps or special tops of pit-props for permitting step-by-step movement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/12—Control, e.g. using remote control
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/0004—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor along the working face
    • E21D23/0017—Pile type supports
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/0052—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor with advancing shifting devices connected therewith

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a continuous mining machine, in particular to a construction method of a continuous mining machine having a continuous temporary roof protection device.
  • Bolt support has many advantages such as safety, flexibility, and high efficiency. It is a support method widely used in coal mine roadways in China. With the continuous improvement of the level of mechanization, automation, and intelligence, the efficiency of comprehensive mining has gradually increased. In contrast, it is affected by the current supporting technology, etc., and the speed of the tunneling has increased slowly, which has caused the mining imbalance in coal production. Under the existing conditions of bolt support technology, increasing the speed of excavation is of great significance for alleviating the contradiction of mining replacement and improving the overall production efficiency of the mine.
  • Cantilever type roadheader supporting single-type anchor drilling rig and continuous mining machine with anchor drilling rig are the two most common types of tunneling supporting technology. Under the conditions of the conventional supporting technology of the single cantilever type drilling machine and the single-type anchor drilling rig, the cutting machine is required to stop and retreat after cutting a certain amount of footage. The single-bored drilling rig enters the working surface to support the operation; Under the conditions of the anchor drilling vehicle boring process, the continuous mining machine needs to exit or go to another roadway after cutting a certain footage, and the anchor drilling vehicle enters the working surface to carry out the support operation.
  • An important feature of the above two supporting technologies is that the anchor support operation is located at the front of the cutting equipment, which results in that the cutting operation and the anchor support cannot be performed in parallel.
  • the invention aims to solve the problem that the anchor support operation must be carried out in the front of the tunneling equipment, thereby causing the anchor support operation and the cutting operation to be unable to be carried out in parallel to affect the tunneling efficiency, and provides a connection with a continuous temporary roof protection device. Construction method of mining machine.
  • a construction method of a continuous miner with a continuous temporary roof protection device including a continuous miner.
  • the continuous miner includes a host unit, a loading device, a horizontal-axis cutting drum, a transport device, and a crawler walking device.
  • the transverse-axis cutting drum is hinged to the front of the main unit, the front of the transport device is connected to the loading device, and the transport device is fixedly connected to the main unit.
  • the crawler running device is hydraulically driven and fixed to the main unit.
  • the continuous miner also includes a continuous temporary roof protection device, the loading device and the horizontal axis cutting drum are located in front of the continuous temporary roof protection device, the continuous temporary roof protection device includes rolling A protective roof, the rolling protective roof is fixed on the main unit of the continuous mining machine through a front pillar structure and a rear pillar structure;
  • the rolling top cover includes a frame body, a closed track ring, a first roller, a second roller, and an elastic supporting structure.
  • the first roller and the second roller are hinged to two ends of the frame, respectively, and the closure
  • a track ring is sleeved on the first roller and the second roller and is in rolling connection with the first roller and the second roller.
  • a plurality of guide cylinders are fixed on the inner side of the frame body, and the guide cylinders are in contact with the elasticity. Support structure connection, the elastic support structure and the closed track ring rolling connection;
  • the front pillar structure includes a front square inner sleeve, a front square outer sleeve, and a front height adjustment oil cylinder.
  • the bottom of the front square outer sleeve is fixed to the main unit of the continuous mining machine by bolts.
  • the front square inner sleeve The cylinder is embedded in the front square outer sleeve, the bottom of the cylinder body of the front height adjustment cylinder is hinged with the front square outer sleeve, and the piston rod of the front height adjustment cylinder and the front square inner sleeve are hinged. Hinged, the upper end of the front square inner sleeve is hinged with the frame body;
  • the rear pillar structure includes a rear square inner sleeve, a rear square outer sleeve, and a rear height adjustment cylinder.
  • the bottom of the rear square outer sleeve is fixed to the main unit of the continuous mining machine by bolts, and the rear square inner sleeve
  • the cylinder is embedded in the rear square outer sleeve, the bottom of the cylinder body of the rear height adjustment cylinder is hinged with the rear square outer sleeve, and the piston rod of the rear height adjustment cylinder and the rear square inner sleeve are hinged. Hinged, the waist-shaped hole structure at the upper end of the rear square inner sleeve and the frame body are connected slidingly and rotationally through a pin;
  • An accumulator is connected to the oil inlet bypass of the rodless cavity of the front height adjustment cylinder and the oil inlet bypass of the rodless cavity of the rear height adjustment cylinder, and two oil inlets of the front height adjustment cylinder
  • a directional valve is connected through a hydraulic lock, and two oil inlets of the rear height adjustment cylinder are connected to the directional valve through another hydraulic lock.
  • a pressure gauge is provided between the directional valve and the hydraulic lock. And relief valves;
  • the horizontal axis cutting drum is adjustable in length and its maximum length is the same as the width WO of the construction roadway, and the total width of the loading device is smaller than the width WO of the construction roadway;
  • the construction method includes the following steps:
  • step b calculate the pressure Pc of the front height adjustment cylinder and the rear height adjustment cylinder according to the following formulas, the formula is:
  • R is the cylinder diameter of the front height adjustment cylinder or the rear height adjustment cylinder
  • L is the length of the contact surface between the rolling top guard and the roof
  • WO is the width of the construction roadway
  • step c According to the pressure result calculated in step c, perform pressure setting of the front height adjustment cylinder and the rear height adjustment cylinder, that is, with the assistance of a pressure gauge, adjust the overflow pressure value of the relief valve to the pressure value calculated in step c;
  • the horizontal axis cutting drum of the mining machine cuts the coal, and the loading device shovels the coal rock cut by the horizontal axis cutting drum and transports the coal rock to the rear through the transportation device;
  • the continuous mining machine moves forward the corresponding cutting distance by a crawler walking device, and the rolling top protection of the continuous temporary roof protection device continues to support the roof of the construction roadway;
  • the continuous mining machine will continue to cut the next cycle of coal.
  • the workers will use the anchor drilling rig to perform anchor support behind the continuous mining machine;
  • step b after cutting the preset distance, that is, re-determine the support strength Pr of the continuous temporary roof protection device according to the rock mass of the roadway to be constructed, and the continuous mining machine will move forward along the preset roadway. Until the tunneling work is completed.
  • the total width of the loading device is 200 mm smaller than the width WO of the construction roadway.
  • the step b includes:
  • the support strength of the continuous temporary roof protection device Pr 0.02MPa; when the roadway roof The qualitative characteristics of the hardness and integrity of the rock mass are hard rock and the rock mass is more complete or the qualitative feature is hard rock and the rock mass is intact, and the rock mass quality index BQ is 451 to 550.
  • Support strength Pr 0.05MPa; when the qualitative characteristics of the hardness and integrity of the roof rock mass of the roadway are hard rock and the rock mass is broken, hard rock and the rock mass is complete or soft rock and the rock mass is complete, and the rock
  • the preset distance in step i is 50m.
  • the elastic supporting structure includes a supporting roller, a fork frame and a butterfly spring group, the supporting roller is in rolling connection with the closed track ring, and the supporting roller is connected with all
  • the fork-shaped frame is hinged, a lower limit cylinder is provided at the lower portion of the fork-shaped frame, a central cylinder is provided at the center of the limit cylinder, and the limit cylinder of the fork-shaped frame is sleeved on the outside of the guide cylinder and forks
  • a shape frame is in contact with the butterfly spring group, the central cylinder of the fork frame is inserted into the center hole of the butterfly spring group and the butterfly spring group is placed in the guide cylinder, and the closed track ring is Parts in contact with the roof of the roadway.
  • the closed track ring is hinged from a plurality of tracks.
  • the track includes a track shoe base, hard rubber, and a chain rail.
  • the hard rubber is fixed on the track shoe base.
  • the chain track is connected to the track shoe base, and each of the track tracks is hinged by a chain track.
  • the hard rubber is adhered to the track shoe base body by epoxy resin, and the hard rubber is fixed to the track shoe base body by hexagon socket screws.
  • the rolling top cover includes a tensioning mechanism, and the tensioning mechanism is used to push the first roller to realize the tension of the closed track ring.
  • the continuous temporary roof protection device can continuously maintain the roof. Therefore, the anchor drilling rig does not need to enter the front to stop the continuous mining machine and retreat continuously.
  • the temporary roof protection device performs effective temporary support for the roof after cutting, and performs anchor support operations at the rear of the cutting equipment, realizing parallel operations of cutting and support, and improving tunneling efficiency.
  • the construction method sets different support strengths according to the rigidity, integrity and quality indicators of the roof rock, and completes the effective support of the continuous temporary roof protection device to the roof to prevent the insufficient support strength from leading to the anchor rod of the subsequent bolt rig. Support operations cannot be performed effectively.
  • the rolling roof protection method of the construction method of the present invention can realize continuous support of the continuous mining machine to the exposed roof after cutting, preventing damage to the roof caused by repeated loading and unloading of the roof when the continuous mining machine is displaced, and anchor support.
  • the operation can be carried out at the rear of the continuous mining machine, creating conditions for parallel operation of cutting and support, high driving efficiency, and reducing the impact of anchor support on cutting.
  • the closed track ring of the present invention is in rolling contact with the elastic supporting structure, the first roller and the second roller.
  • the compression amounts of the butterfly spring groups of the plurality of elastic supporting structures are different, thereby enabling the closed track ring to achieve good contact with the uneven roadway roof, having a large contact surface with the roadway roof, and high safety.
  • pressure oil can be introduced into the rodless cavity of the front height adjustment cylinder and the rear height adjustment cylinder through the reversing valve.
  • the front height adjustment cylinder and the rear height adjustment cylinder drive the rolling top to load the top plate, and the reversing valve
  • the pressure oil in the accumulator causes the front height adjustment cylinder and the rear height adjustment cylinder to be loaded, thereby ensuring the continuous protection of the rolling top guard against the top plate. High efficiency reduces labor intensity.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the working state of the continuous mining machine in a driving tunnel of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of a continuous miner according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a continuous miner according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous temporary roof protecting device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a rolling top cover according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a rolling top cover according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fork-shaped frame of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a track of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a front pillar structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a rear pillar structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic principle of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 11 The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11:
  • This embodiment aims to solve the problem that the anchor support operation must be carried out in front of the boring equipment, which causes the anchor support operation and the cutting operation to be unable to be carried out in parallel to affect the tunneling efficiency.
  • a continuous temporary roof protection device is provided Construction method of continuous mining machine. details as follows:
  • FIG. 1 the marks in FIG. 1 are specifically expressed as: roadway floor 1, driving face 2, unsupported roadway roof 3 after cutting, roadway roof 4 which has been supported, roof bolt 5, and continuous mining machine 6 .
  • a continuous mining machine construction method with a continuous temporary roof protection device includes a continuous mining machine 6, FIG. 2 is a top view of the continuous mining machine 6, see FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the continuous mining machine 6 includes a main engine unit , Loading device 61, horizontal-axis cutting roller 62, transportation device 63, and crawler running device 64; the horizontal-axis cutting roller 62 is hinged to the front portion of the main frame of the main unit, and the front portion of the transportation device 63 is The loading device 61 is connected and the transportation device 63 is fixedly connected to the main frame of the main unit.
  • the crawler running device 64 is hydraulically driven and fixed at the bottom of the main frame.
  • the main frame includes a main frame, a hydraulic system, and an electronic control system.
  • the system and electronic control system are fixed on the main frame and used to drive the continuous mining machine.
  • the specific structure adopts the driving structure of the existing continuous mining machine.
  • the continuous mining machine 6 further includes a continuous temporary roof protection device.
  • the loading device 61 and the horizontal axis cutting drum 62 are located in front of the continuous temporary roof protection device.
  • Rolling protective top A which is fixed to the main frame of the main unit of the continuous mining machine 6 through a front pillar structure B and a rear pillar structure C; when the cutting operation of the horizontal axis cutting drum 62 is continuous, Temporary roof protection device can continuously maintain the roof to achieve effective temporary support for the exposed roof after cutting.
  • Anchor support work is performed at the rear of the cutting equipment. It is not necessary to make the drilling equipment enter the front of the anchor drilling rig. Stop and retreat to achieve parallel operation of cutting and support, thereby improving the efficiency of tunneling.
  • the rolling top cover A includes a frame body A2, a closed track ring A3, a first roller A10, a second roller A1, and an elastic supporting structure.
  • the first roller A10 and the second roller A1 They are hinged to the two ends of the frame A2, respectively, and can be rotated relative to the frame A2.
  • the closed track ring A3 is sleeved on the first roller A10 and the second roller A1 and is connected with the first roller A10 and The second roller A1 is rollingly connected. Referring to FIG.
  • a plurality of guide cylinders A8 are fixed to the inside of the frame A2 (the frame A2 includes a long hollow shell and is used to connect with the front pillar structure B and the rear pillar structure C
  • the triangular-shaped bracket, the left and right ends of the elongated hollow casing are hinged to the first roller A10 and the second roller A1, the top of the elongated hollow casing is an opening, and the guide tube A8 is fixed in the elongated hollow casing.
  • the front and back side walls of the long hollow shell are fixed with triangle-like brackets for connection with the front pillar structure B and the rear pillar structure C, and the specific structure is shown in FIG. 4).
  • the guide cylinder A8 is connected to the elastic supporting structure, and the elastic supporting structure is connected to the closing Connecting ring rolling track A3; A3 i.e. a closed loop with the elastic crawler Supporting structure, a first rolling contact between the roller and the second roller A10 A1.
  • the first roller A10 and the second roller A1 of the rolling protection top A can rotate freely.
  • the front pillar structure B includes a front square inner sleeve B1, a front square outer sleeve B2, and a front height adjustment cylinder B3.
  • the bottom of the front square outer sleeve B2 is fixed to the main unit of the continuous mining machine 6 by bolts.
  • one end of the front square inner sleeve B1 is embedded in the front square outer sleeve B2, the front square inner sleeve B1 can slide in the front square outer sleeve B2, and the front height is adjusted
  • the bottom of the cylinder block of the oil cylinder B3 is hinged to the front square outer sleeve B2 through a pin, and the top of the cylinder block of the front height adjustment cylinder B3 extends into the interior of the front square inner sleeve B1 and the front height adjustment cylinder B3
  • the piston rod is hinged to the front square inner sleeve B1 through a pin, and the upper end of the front square inner sleeve B1 is hinged to the frame A2 through a pin; the articulation method is shown in FIG.
  • the front height adjustment cylinder B3 It is a double-acting cylinder.
  • the lower oil port of the front height adjustment cylinder B3 has a rod cavity extending from the bottom of the front square outer sleeve B1 through a pipe and is connected with pressure oil.
  • the upper oil port of the front height adjustment cylinder B3 has a rod cavity through the pipe. Protrude from the bottom of the front square inner sleeve B2 and the bottom of the front square outer sleeve B1 in order, and connect Connected with pressure oil.
  • the rear pillar structure C includes a rear square inner sleeve C1, a rear square outer sleeve C2, and a rear height adjustment cylinder C3.
  • the bottom of the rear square outer sleeve C2 is fixed to the main unit of the continuous mining machine 6 by bolts.
  • one end of the rear square inner sleeve C1 is embedded in the rear square outer sleeve C2, and the rear square inner sleeve C1 can slide in the rear square outer sleeve C2.
  • the rear height is adjusted
  • the bottom of the cylinder body of the oil cylinder C3 is hinged to the rear square outer sleeve C2 through a pin, and the top of the cylinder body of the rear height adjustment oil cylinder C3 projects into the inside of the rear square inner sleeve C1 and the rear height adjustment oil cylinder.
  • the piston rod of C3 is hinged to the rear square inner sleeve C1 through a pin, and the waist-shaped hole structure C11 at the upper end of the rear square inner sleeve C1 and the frame A2 are slidingly and rotationally connected by a pin;
  • the The rear height adjustment cylinder C3 is a double-acting cylinder, and the waist-shaped hole structure C11 gives a certain reserved space for the absorption difference. Therefore, when the roof is uneven, the rolling top A can be inclined at an angle in the front and rear direction. Without destroying the front and rear pillar structures.
  • the inlet bypass of the rodless cavity of the front height adjustment cylinder B3 and the inlet bypass of the rodless cavity of the rear height adjustment cylinder C3 are both connected with an accumulator B6, and the front height adjustment
  • the two oil inlets of the oil cylinder B3 are connected to a directional valve B4 through a hydraulic lock B5, and the two oil inlets of the rear height adjustment oil cylinder C3 are connected to the directional valve B4 through another hydraulic lock B5;
  • Pressure oil is passed to the rodless cavity or rod cavity of the front height adjustment cylinder B3 through the reversing valve B4, and pressure oil is passed to the rodless cavity or rod cavity of the rear height adjustment cylinder C3, thereby realizing the front height adjustment cylinder B3 Load and unload with the rear height adjustment cylinder C3;
  • the directional valve B4 does not pass pressure oil to the front height adjustment cylinder B3 and the rear height adjustment cylinder C3, the pressure oil in the accumulator B6 makes the front height adjustment cylinder B3 and The rear height adjustment cylinder
  • the horizontal-axis cutting drum 62 is adjustable in length and its maximum length is the same as the width WO of the construction roadway.
  • the total width of the loading device 61 is 200 mm smaller than the width WO of the construction roadway.
  • the construction method includes the following steps:
  • R is the bore diameter of the front height adjustment cylinder B3 or the rear height adjustment cylinder C3
  • L is the length of the contact surface between the rolling top A and the roof
  • WO is the width of the construction roadway
  • the horizontal-axis cutting drum 62 of the continuous mining machine 6 performs coal cutting, and the loading device 61 shovels the coal and rock cut by the horizontal-axis cutting drum 62 and conveys the coal and rock to the rear through the transporting device 63;
  • the continuous mining machine 6 forwards the corresponding cutting distance by a track walking device 64, and the rolling top A of the continuous temporary roof protection device continues to support the roof of the construction roadway;
  • the continuous mining machine 6 continues to cut the next cycle of coal.
  • the workers use anchor bolt rigs to perform anchor support behind the continuous mining machine 6; thereby achieving simultaneous operation of coal cutting and support , Drastically increased the speed of tunneling;
  • step i Return to step b after cutting the preset distance, that is, re-determine the support strength Pr of the continuous temporary roof protection device according to the rock mass of the roadway to be constructed, and the continuous mining machine 6 will work forward along the direction of the preset roadway. Work until the tunneling work is completed.
  • the preset distance in step i is 50m.
  • the step b includes:
  • a continuous temporary roof protection device is provided on the continuous mining machine 6. While the continuous mining machine cuts, the continuous temporary roof protection device can continuously maintain the roof, so the anchor drilling rig does not need to enter the continuous mining machine 6.
  • the front part causes the continuous mining machine 6 to stop and retreat.
  • the continuous temporary roof protection device provides effective temporary support for the roof after cutting.
  • the anchor support operation is performed at the rear of the cutting equipment to achieve cutting and support. It is an important prerequisite for protecting parallel operations and improving tunneling efficiency.
  • the construction method used in this embodiment sets different support strengths according to the rigidity, integrity and quality indicators of the roof rock, and completes the effective support of the continuous temporary roof protection device to the roof, preventing the insufficient strength of the support from leading to the back anchor The anchor support operation of the rod rig cannot be performed effectively.
  • the elastic supporting structure includes a supporting roller A6, a fork frame A5, and a butterfly spring group A7, and the supporting roller A6 passes through the elongated hollow casing of the frame body A2.
  • the top part is thus in a rolling connection with the closed crawler ring A3, the support roller A6 is hinged to the fork frame A5, and the support roller A6 can rotate freely. See FIG.
  • the lower portion of the fork frame A5 is provided with a limited position A cylinder A11, a central cylinder A12 is provided at the center position of the limiting cylinder A11, a limiting cylinder A11 of the fork A5 is sleeved on the outside of the guiding cylinder A8, and a fork A5 and the butterfly spring group A7 contact, the central cylinder A12 of the fork frame A5 is inserted into the center hole of the butterfly spring group A7 and the butterfly spring group A7 is placed in the guide cylinder A8, and the closed crawler ring A3 is the same as The parts in contact with the roof of the roadway.
  • the closed track ring A3 is in rolling contact with the elastic supporting structure, the first roller A10, and the second roller A1.
  • a plurality of butterfly spring groups A7 of the elastic supporting structure have different compression amounts. , So that the closed track ring A3 can achieve good contact with the uneven roadway roof.
  • the closed track ring A3 is articulated by a plurality of tracks A4.
  • the track A4 includes a track shoe base A13, a hard rubber A14, and a chain rail A16, and the hard rubber A14 is fixed to the vehicle.
  • the chain rail A16 is connected to the track shoe base A13, and each of the track A4 is hinged through a chain track A16.
  • the hard rubber A14 is bonded to the track shoe base A13 by an epoxy resin, and the hard rubber A14 is fixed to the track shoe base A13 by an Allen screw A15.
  • the rolling top cover A includes a tensioning mechanism A9 (a tensioner commonly used in the prior art can be adopted), and the tensioning mechanism A9 is disposed in the long hollow shell of the frame A2
  • the tensioning mechanism A9 is used to push the first roller A10 to realize the tensioning of the closed track ring A3.
  • the first roller A10 is connected to one end of the frame body A2 through 360 degrees, and the first roller A10 is horizontally slidably connected to one end of the frame body A2. It has a certain horizontal sliding space, and provides a tensioning stroke for the tensioning mechanism A9. .
  • the front height adjusting cylinder B3 drives the front square inner sleeve B1 under the action of pressure oil.
  • the front square inner sleeve B1 pushes the frame A2 in the rolling top A, and the front square The sleeve B1 is hinged to the frame A2;
  • the rear height adjustment cylinder C3 drives the rear square inner sleeve C1 under the action of pressure oil, and the rear square inner sleeve C1 pushes the frame A2 in the rolling top A and the rear square inner sleeve
  • the cylinder C1 and the frame A2 are horizontally slidably connected and rotatable.
  • the first roller A10 and the second roller A1 articulated on the frame A2 are driven by the continuous mining machine 6 to drive the closed crawler ring A3 along the roadway roof.
  • the closed crawler ring A3 and the elastic supporting structure, the first roller A10, and the second roller The rolling contact between A1, the butterfly spring group A7 of the multiple elastic supporting structures has different compression amounts, so that the closed crawler ring A3 can achieve good contact with the uneven roadway roof; finally, temporary support for the roadway roof is realized.

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Abstract

一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，包括连采机（6），连采机还包括连续式临时护顶装置，连续式临时护顶装置包括滚动式护顶部（A），滚动式护顶部通过前立柱结构（B）和后立柱结构（C）固定在连采机的主机架上；在连采机截割的同时，连续式临时护顶装置对顶板（3）进行持续保载，连续式临时护顶装置在截割后对顶板进行有效的临时支护，于截割设备后部进行锚杆（5）支护作业，实现了截割、支护平行作业，提高了掘进效率。该施工方法根据顶板岩石的坚硬程度、完整程度和质量指标设定不同的支护强度，完成连续式临时护顶装置对顶板的有效支护。

Description

一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种连采机，特别涉及一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法。
背景技术
开采和掘进是煤矿生产系统工程中极为重要的两个环节，锚杆支护具有安全、灵活、高效等诸多有点，是我国煤矿巷道广泛应用的一种支护方法。随着机械化、自动化、智能化水平的不断提高，综采的效率逐渐提升，与之形成对比的是受到当前配套工艺等的影响，掘进速度提高缓慢，导致了煤炭生产的采掘失衡问题。在现有的锚杆支护工艺条件下，提高掘进速度，对于缓解采掘接替的矛盾，提高矿井的整体生产效率具有极为重要的意义。
悬臂式掘进机配套单体式锚杆钻机、连采机配锚杆钻车是最常见的两种掘进配套工艺。传统的悬臂式掘进机配套单体式锚杆钻机的掘进配套工艺条件下，要求截割一定的进尺后掘进机停机、后退，单体锚杆钻机进入工作面开展支护作业；连采机配锚杆钻车掘进工艺条件下，连采机截割一定的进尺后需要退出或至另外巷道，锚杆钻车进入工作面开展支护作业。以上两种配套工艺的一个重要特点是锚杆支护作业均位于截割装备的前部，导致了截割作业与锚杆支护无法平行开展，二者交替施工导致了设备的开机率低，严重制约了整体掘进效率的提高。截割后对顶板进行有效的临时支护，于截割设备后部进行锚杆支护作业，是实现截割、支护平行作业，进而提高掘进效率的重要前提手段。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决锚杆支护作业必须在掘进设备前部开展，进而导致锚杆支护作业和截割作业无法平行开展影响掘进效率的问题，提供一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，包括连采机，所述的连采机包括主机部、装载装置、横轴式截割滚筒、运输装置、履带行走装置，所述横轴式截割滚筒与主机部的前部铰接，所述运输装置的前部与装载装置连接且运输装置与主机部固定连接，所述的履带行走装置采用液压驱动且固定在主机部的底部；所述的连采机还包括连续式临时护顶装置，所述装载装置和横轴式截割滚筒均位于连续式临时护顶装置的前方，所述的连续式临时护顶装置包括滚动式护顶部,所述滚动式护顶部通过前立柱结构和后立柱结构固定在连采机的主机部上；
所述滚动式护顶部包括架体、闭合履带环、第一滚轮、第二滚轮和弹性支重结构，所述第一滚轮和第二滚轮分别与所述架体的两端铰接，所述闭合履带环套设在所述第一滚轮和第二滚轮上且与所述第一滚轮和第二滚轮滚动连接，所述架体的内侧固定有多个引导筒，所述引导筒与所述弹性支重结构连接，所述弹性支重结构与所述闭合履带环滚动连接；
所述前立柱结构包括前方形内套筒、前方形外套筒和前高度调整油缸，所述前方形外套筒的底部通过螺栓固定在连采机的主机部上，所述前方形内套筒嵌入在所述前方形外套筒内，所述前高度调整油缸的缸体的底部与所述前方形外套筒铰接，所述前高度调整油缸的活塞杆与所述前方形内套筒铰接，所述前方形内套筒的上端与所述架体铰接；
所述后立柱结构包括后方形内套筒、后方形外套筒和后高度调整油缸，所述后方形外套筒的底部通过螺栓固定在连采机的主机部上，所述后方形内套筒嵌入在所述后方形外套筒内，所述后高度调整油缸的缸体的底部与所述后方形外套筒铰接，所述后高度调整油缸的活塞杆与所述后方形内套筒铰接，所述后方形内套筒上端的腰形孔结构与所述架体通过销轴实现滑动且旋转连接；
所述前高度调整油缸的无杆腔的进油口旁路和后高度调整油缸的无杆腔的进油口旁路均连接有蓄能 器，所述前高度调整油缸的两个进油口均通过液压锁连接有换向阀，所述后高度调整油缸的两个进油口均通过另一个液压锁与所述换向阀连接，所述换向阀与液压锁之间设置有压力表和溢流阀；
所述横轴式截割滚筒为长度可调式且其最大长度与施工巷道的宽度WO相同，所述装载装置的总宽度比施工巷道的宽度WO小；
施工方法包括以下步骤：
a.针对待施工巷道区域的地质条件，按照GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》对待施工的巷道顶板岩层情况进行分级，本连采机适用于Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级的巷道顶板岩层的施工；
b.按照GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》对待施工的巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度进行定性划分，根据定性划分的结果和岩体质量指标确定连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr；
c.根据步骤b所确定的支护强度Pr，分别按照下面公式计算前高度调整油缸和后高度调整油缸的压力Pc，公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018112378-appb-000001
其中R为前高度调整油缸或后高度调整油缸的缸径，L为滚动式护顶部与顶板的接触面长度,WO为施工巷道的宽度；
d.根据步骤c计算的压力结果进行前高度调整油缸和后高度调整油缸的压力设定，即在压力表的辅助下，调节溢流阀的溢流压力值至步骤c计算的压力值；
e.操作换向阀的手柄给蓄能器、前高度调整油缸和后高度调整油缸供油，观察压力表的压力，当压力表的压力上升至不能再上升时保压3s；
f.按照预设方案中顶板锚杆排距确定连采机的截割进尺，单个循环截割进尺的距离与预设方案中顶板锚杆排距相同，根据单个循环截割进尺的距离操作连采机的横轴式截割滚筒进行割煤，装载装置铲装横轴式截割滚筒截割下的煤岩并将煤岩经过运输装置输送至后部运出；
g.当割完煤后，连采机通过履带行走装置向前移动相应一次截割进尺的距离，连续式临时护顶装置的滚动式护顶部持续对施工巷道顶板支护；
h.移机完成后，连采机继续进行下一循环割煤，同时，工人用锚杆钻机在连采机后方进行锚杆支护；
i.截割预设距离后返回执行步骤b，即重新根据待施工的巷道顶板岩体情况确定连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr，连采机沿着预设巷道方向向前施工作业，直至完成巷道掘进工作。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述装载装置的总宽度比施工巷道的宽度WO小200mm。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述的步骤b包括：
按照GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》对待施工的巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度进行定性划分；
当巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度的定性特征为坚硬岩且岩体完整，且岩体质量指标BQ＞550时，连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr＝0.02MPa；当巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度的定性特征为坚硬岩且岩体较完整或者定性特征为较坚硬岩且岩体完整，且岩体质量指标BQ为451至550时，连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr＝0.05MPa；当巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度的定性特征为坚硬岩且岩体较破碎、较坚硬岩且岩体较完整或者较软岩且岩体完整，且岩体质量指标BQ为351至450时，连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr＝0.1MPa。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述的步骤i中的预设距离为50m。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述弹性支重结构包括支重滚轮、叉形架和蝶形弹簧组，所述支 重滚轮与所述闭合履带环滚动连接，所述支重滚轮与所述叉形架铰接，所述叉形架的下部设置有限位筒，所述限位筒的中心位置设置有中心圆柱，所述叉形架的限位筒套在所述引导筒的外部且叉形架与所述蝶形弹簧组接触，所述叉形架的中心圆柱插入所述蝶形弹簧组的中心孔中且所述蝶形弹簧组放置于所述引导筒中，所述闭合履带环为与巷道顶板接触的部件。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述闭合履带环由多个履带铰接而成，所述履带包括履带板基体、硬橡胶和链轨，所述硬橡胶固定在所述履带板基体上，所述链轨与所述履带板基体连接，每个所述履带之间通过链轨铰接。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述硬橡胶通过环氧树脂粘结在所述履带板基体上且硬橡胶通过内六角螺钉固定在所述履带板基体上。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述滚动式护顶部包括张紧机构，所述张紧机构用于推动所述第一滚轮从而实现闭合履带环的张紧。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述的连续式临时护顶装置为2个。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明的施工方法，在连采机截割的同时，连续式临时护顶装置可对顶板进行持续保载，因此锚杆钻机无需进入前部而使连采机停机、后退，连续式临时护顶装置在截割后对顶板进行有效的临时支护，于截割设备后部进行锚杆支护作业，实现了截割、支护平行作业，提高了掘进效率；本发明所用的施工方法，根据顶板岩石的坚硬程度、完整程度和质量指标设定不同的支护强度，完成连续式临时护顶装置对顶板的有效支护，防止支护强度不够导致后面锚杆钻机的锚杆支护作业无法有效进行。
(2)本发明施工方法的滚动式护顶部可以实现连采机对截割后裸露顶板的连续支撑，防止连采机移位时对顶板多次加、卸载导致的顶板损伤，锚杆支护作业可以于连采机的后部开展，为实现截割、支护平行作业创造条件，掘进效率高,降低了锚杆支护对截割的影响。
(3)本发明的闭合履带环通过与弹性支重结构、第一滚轮和第二滚轮之间滚动接触。当巷道顶板不平整时，多个所述弹性支重结构的蝶形弹簧组压缩量不同，进而使闭合履带环与不平整的巷道顶板实现良好接触,与巷道顶板接触面大，安全性高。
(4)本发明可以通过换向阀给前高度调整油缸和后高度调整油缸的无杆腔通入压力油，前高度调整油缸和后高度调整油缸带动滚动式护顶部对顶板加载，换向阀不给前高度调整油缸和后高度调整油缸通入压力油时，蓄能器中的压力油使得前高度调整油缸和后高度调整油缸带载，进而确保滚动式护顶部对顶板的持续保载，效率高，减少了劳动强度。
附图说明
图1是本发明的连采机在掘进巷道中的工作状态的侧视图。
图2是本发明的连采机的俯视图。
图3是本发明的连采机的斜视图。
图4是本发明的连续式临时护顶装置的结构示意图。
图5是本发明的滚动式护顶部的结构示意图。
图6是本发明的滚动式护顶部的部分剖视图。
图7是本发明的叉形架的结构示意图。
图8是本发明的履带的结构示意图。
图9是本发明的前立柱结构的结构示意图。
图10是本发明的后立柱结构的结构示意图。
图11是本发明的液压原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面根据图1至图11对本发明的具体实施方式作出进一步说明：
本实施例旨在解决锚杆支护作业必须在掘进设备前部开展，进而导致锚杆支护作业和截割作业无法平行开展影响掘进效率的问题，提供一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法。具体如下：
参见图1，图1中标记具体表示为:巷道底板1，掘进工作面2，截割后未支护的巷道顶板3，已经支护完成的巷道顶板4，顶板锚杆5，连采机6。
一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，包括连采机6，图2为连采机6的俯视图,参见图2和图3，所述的连采机6包括主机部、装载装置61、横轴式截割滚筒62、运输装置63、履带行走装置64；所述横轴式截割滚筒62与主机部的主机架前部铰接，所述运输装置63的前部与装载装置61连接且运输装置63与主机部的主机架固定连接，所述的履带行走装置64采用液压驱动且固定在主机部的底部；主机部包括主机架、液压系统、电控系统等，液压系统、电控系统等固定在主机架上，用于驱动连采机工作，具体结构均采用现有连采机的驱动结构。所述的连采机6还包括连续式临时护顶装置，所述装载装置61和横轴式截割滚筒62均位于连续式临时护顶装置的前方，所述的连续式临时护顶装置包括滚动式护顶部A,所述滚动式护顶部A通过前立柱结构B和后立柱结构C固定在连采机6主机部的主机架上；当横轴式截割滚筒62截割作业时，连续式临时护顶装置可对顶板进行持续保载实现对截割后裸露顶板有效的临时支护，于截割设备后部进行锚杆支护作业，不必为锚杆钻机进入前部而使掘进设备停机、后退，实现了截割、支护平行作业，进而提高了掘进效率。
参见图4和图5，所述滚动式护顶部A包括架体A2、闭合履带环A3、第一滚轮A10、第二滚轮A1和弹性支重结构，所述第一滚轮A10和第二滚轮A1分别与所述架体A2的两端铰接，可相对架体A2进行旋转；所述闭合履带环A3套设在所述第一滚轮A10和第二滚轮A1上且与所述第一滚轮A10和第二滚轮A1滚动连接，参见图6，所述架体A2的内侧固定有多个引导筒A8(架体A2包括长条形空心壳体和用于与前立柱结构B和后立柱结构C连接的类似三角形的支架，长条形空心壳体的左右两端分别与第一滚轮A10和第二滚轮A1铰接，长条形空心壳体的顶部为开口，引导筒A8固定在长条形空心壳体的内侧底部，长条形空心壳体的前后两侧壁均固定有用于与前立柱结构B和后立柱结构C连接的类似三角形的支架，具体结构如图4所示)，所述引导筒A8与所述弹性支重结构连接，所述弹性支重结构与所述闭合履带环A3滚动连接；即闭合履带环A3与弹性支重结构、第一滚轮A10和第二滚轮A1之间滚动接触。滚动式护顶部A的第一滚轮A10、第二滚轮A1可以自由转动，连采机前后移位时，闭合履带环A3与顶板之间带载滚动，实现对顶板的持续临时支护。
参见图9，所述前立柱结构B包括前方形内套筒B1、前方形外套筒B2和前高度调整油缸B3，所述前方形外套筒B2的底部通过螺栓固定在连采机6主机部的主机架上，所述前方形内套筒B1的一端嵌入在所述前方形外套筒B2内，前方形内套筒B1可在前方形外套筒B2内滑动，所述前高度调整油缸B3的缸体的底部通过销轴与所述前方形外套筒B2铰接，所述前高度调整油缸B3的缸体的顶部伸进前方形内套管B1的内部且前高度调整油缸B3的活塞杆通过销轴与前方形内套筒B1铰接，所述前方形内套筒B1的上端通过销轴与所述架体A2铰接；铰接方式如图4所示；所述前高度调整油缸B3为双作用油缸,前高度调整油缸B3的下油口无杆腔通过管路从前方形外套筒B1底部伸出并连接有压力油，前高度调整油缸B3的上油口有杆腔通过管路依次从前方形内套筒B2的底部和前方形外套筒B1底部伸出并连接有压力油。
参见图10，所述后立柱结构C包括后方形内套筒C1、后方形外套筒C2和后高度调整油缸C3，所述后方形外套筒C2的底部通过螺栓固定在连采机6主机部的主机架上，所述后方形内套筒C1的一端嵌入在 所述后方形外套筒C2内，后方形内套筒C1可在后方形外套筒C2内滑动，所述后高度调整油缸C3的缸体的底部通过销轴与所述后方形外套筒C2铰接，所述后高度调整油缸C3的缸体的顶部伸进所述后方形内套管C1的内部且后高度调整油缸C3的活塞杆通过销轴与所述后方形内套筒C1铰接，所述后方形内套筒C1上端的腰形孔结构C11与所述架体A2通过销轴实现滑动且旋转连接；所述后高度调整油缸C3为双作用油缸,腰形孔结构C11给出了一定的吸收差值的预留空间,因此当顶板前后有不平整的时候，滚动式护顶部A可以在前后方向倾斜一个角度而不至于破坏前后立柱结构。
参见图11，所述前高度调整油缸B3的无杆腔的进油口旁路和后高度调整油缸C3的无杆腔的进油口旁路均连接有蓄能器B6，所述前高度调整油缸B3的两个进油口均通过液压锁B5连接有换向阀B4，所述后高度调整油缸C3的两个进油口均通过另一个液压锁B5与所述换向阀B4连接；可以通过换向阀B4给前高度调整油缸B3的无杆腔或有杆腔通入压力油，给后高度调整油缸C3的无杆腔或有杆腔通入压力油，进而实现前高度调整油缸B3和后高度调整油缸C3的带载或卸载；换向阀B4不给前高度调整油缸B3和后高度调整油缸C3通入压力油时，蓄能器B6中的压力油使得前高度调整油缸B3和后高度调整油缸C3带载，进而确保滚动式护顶部A对顶板的持续保载。换向阀B4与液压锁B5之间设置有压力表B7和溢流阀B8。可以在压力表B7的辅助下调整溢流阀B8的溢流压力，实现不同的支护强度。
本实施例中的连续式临时护顶装置为2个。因此前高度调整油缸B3和后高度调整油缸C3均为2个。
所述横轴式截割滚筒62为长度可调式且其最大长度与施工巷道的宽度WO相同，所述装载装置61的总宽度比施工巷道的宽度WO小200mm。
施工方法包括以下步骤：
a.针对待施工巷道区域的地质条件，按照GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》对待施工的巷道顶板岩层情况进行分级，本连采机6适用于Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级的巷道顶板岩层的施工；
b.按照GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》对待施工的巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度进行定性划分，根据定性划分的结果和岩体质量指标确定连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr；
c.根据步骤b所确定的支护强度Pr，分别按照下面公式(1)计算前高度调整油缸B3和后高度调整油缸C3的压力Pc，公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018112378-appb-000002
其中R为前高度调整油缸B3或后高度调整油缸C3的缸径，L为滚动式护顶部A与顶板的接触面长度，WO为施工巷道的宽度；
d.根据步骤c计算的压力结果进行前高度调整油缸B3和后高度调整油缸C3的压力设定，即在压力表B7的辅助下，调节溢流阀B8的溢流压力值至步骤c计算的压力值；
e.操作换向阀B4的手柄给蓄能器B6、前高度调整油缸B3和后高度调整油缸C3供油，观察压力表B7的压力，当压力表B7的压力上升至不能再上升时保压3s；
f.按照预设方案中顶板锚杆排距确定连采机6的截割进尺，单个循环截割进尺的距离与预设方案中顶板锚杆排距相同，根据单个循环截割进尺的距离操作连采机6的横轴式截割滚筒62进行割煤，装载装置61铲装横轴式截割滚筒62截割下的煤岩并将煤岩经过运输装置63输送至后部运出；
g.当割完煤后，连采机6通过履带行走装置64向前移动相应一次截割进尺的距离，连续式临时护顶装置的滚动式护顶部A持续对施工巷道顶板支护；
h.移机完成后，连采机6继续进行下一循环割煤，同时，工人用锚杆钻机在连采机6后方进行锚杆支护；由此实现了割煤与支护的同时作业，大幅提高了巷道的掘进速度；
i.截割预设距离后返回执行步骤b，即重新根据待施工的巷道顶板岩体情况确定连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr，连采机6沿着预设巷道方向向前施工作业，直至完成巷道掘进工作。所述的步骤i中的预设距离为50m。
本实施例中，所述的步骤b包括：
(1)按照GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》对待施工的巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度进行定性划分；
(2)当巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度的定性特征为坚硬岩且岩体完整，且岩体质量指标BQ＞550时，连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr＝0.02MPa；当巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度的定性特征为坚硬岩且岩体较完整或者定性特征为较坚硬岩且岩体完整，且岩体质量指标BQ为451至550时，连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr＝0.05MPa；当巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度的定性特征为坚硬岩且岩体较破碎、较坚硬岩且岩体较完整或者较软岩且岩体完整，且岩体质量指标BQ为351至450时，连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr＝0.1MPa。
本实施例在连采机6上设置连续式临时护顶装置，在连采机截割的同时，连续式临时护顶装置可对顶板进行持续保载，因此锚杆钻机无需进入连采机6前部而使连采机6停机、后退，连续式临时护顶装置在截割后对顶板进行有效的临时支护，于截割设备后部进行锚杆支护作业，是实现截割、支护平行作业，进而提高掘进效率的重要前提手段。本实施例所用的施工方法，根据顶板岩石的坚硬程度、完整程度和质量指标设定不同的支护强度，完成连续式临时护顶装置对顶板的有效支护，防止支护强度不够导致后面锚杆钻机的锚杆支护作业无法有效进行。
本实施例中，参见图6，所述弹性支重结构包括支重滚轮A6、叉形架A5和蝶形弹簧组A7，所述支重滚轮A6穿过架体A2的长条形空心壳体顶部从而与所述闭合履带环A3滚动连接，所述支重滚轮A6与所述叉形架A5铰接，支重滚轮A6可自由旋转，参见图7，所述叉形架A5的下部设置有限位筒A11，所述限位筒A11的中心位置设置有中心圆柱A12，所述叉形架A5的限位筒A11套在所述引导筒A8的外部且叉形架A5与所述蝶形弹簧组A7接触，所述叉形架A5的中心圆柱A12插入所述蝶形弹簧组A7的中心孔中且所述蝶形弹簧组A7放置于所述引导筒A8中，所述闭合履带环A3为与巷道顶板接触的部件。闭合履带环A3与所述弹性支重结构、第一滚轮A10、第二滚轮A1之间滚动接触，当巷道顶板不平整时，多个所述弹性支重结构的蝶形弹簧组A7压缩量不同，进而使所述闭合履带环A3与不平整的巷道顶板实现良好接触。
本实施例中，所述闭合履带环A3由多个履带A4铰接而成，参见图8，所述履带A4包括履带板基体A13、硬橡胶A14和链轨A16，所述硬橡胶A14固定在所述履带板基体A13上，所述链轨A16与所述履带板基体A13连接，每个所述履带A4之间通过链轨A16铰接。
本实施例中，参见图8，所述硬橡胶A14通过环氧树脂粘结在所述履带板基体A13上且硬橡胶A14通过内六角螺钉A15固定在所述履带板基体A13上。
本实施例中，参见图6，所述滚动式护顶部A包括张紧机构A9(可以采用现有技术常用的张紧器)，张紧机构A9设于架体A2的长条形空心壳体内，所述张紧机构A9用于推动所述第一滚轮A10从而实现闭合履带环A3的张紧。所述第一滚轮A10与所述架体A2的一端360度旋转连接且第一滚轮A10与架体A2的一端水平滑动连接，具有一定的水平滑动空间，为张紧机构A9提供了张紧行程。
本实施例在具体工作时，首先，前高度调整油缸B3在压力油的作用下带动前方形内套筒B1，前方形内套筒B1推动滚动式护顶部A内的架体A2，前方形内套筒B1与架体A2铰接；后高度调整油缸C3在压力油的作用下带动后方形内套筒C1，后方形内套筒C1推动滚动式护顶部A内的架体A2，后方形内套筒C1与架体A2之间水平滑动连接且可旋转。架体A2铰接的第一滚轮A10和第二滚轮A1由于连采机6的行走 带动闭合履带环A3沿着巷道顶板滚动，闭合履带环A3与弹性支重结构、第一滚轮A10、第二滚轮A1之间滚动接触，多个弹性支重结构的蝶形弹簧组A7压缩量不同，进而使所述闭合履带环A3与不平整的巷道顶板实现良好接触；最终实现对巷道顶板临时支护。

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  1. 一种具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，包括连采机(6)，所述的连采机(6)包括主机部、装载装置(61)、横轴式截割滚筒(62)、运输装置(63)、履带行走装置(64)，所述横轴式截割滚筒(62)与主机部的前部铰接，所述运输装置(63)的前部与装载装置(61)连接且运输装置(63)与主机部固定连接，所述的履带行走装置(64)采用液压驱动且固定在主机部的底部；其特征在于：所述的连采机(6)还包括连续式临时护顶装置，所述装载装置(61)和横轴式截割滚筒(62)均位于连续式临时护顶装置的前方，所述的连续式临时护顶装置包括滚动式护顶部(A),所述滚动式护顶部(A)通过前立柱结构(B)和后立柱结构(C)固定在连采机(6)的主机部上；
    所述滚动式护顶部(A)包括架体(A2)、闭合履带环(A3)、第一滚轮(A10)、第二滚轮(A1)和弹性支重结构，所述第一滚轮(A10)和第二滚轮(A1)分别与所述架体(A2)的两端铰接，所述闭合履带环(A3)套设在所述第一滚轮(A10)和第二滚轮(A1)上且与所述第一滚轮(A10)和第二滚轮(A1)滚动连接，所述架体(A2)的内侧固定有多个引导筒(A8)，所述引导筒(A8)与所述弹性支重结构连接，所述弹性支重结构与所述闭合履带环(A3)滚动连接；
    所述前立柱结构(B)包括前方形内套筒(B1)、前方形外套筒(B2)和前高度调整油缸(B3)，所述前方形外套筒(B2)的底部通过螺栓固定在连采机(6)的主机部上，所述前方形内套筒(B1)嵌入在所述前方形外套筒(B2)内，所述前高度调整油缸(B3)的缸体的底部与所述前方形外套筒(B2)铰接，所述前高度调整油缸(B3)的活塞杆与所述前方形内套筒(B1)铰接，所述前方形内套筒(B1)的上端与所述架体(A2)铰接；
    所述后立柱结构(C)包括后方形内套筒(C1)、后方形外套筒(C2)和后高度调整油缸(C3)，所述后方形外套筒(C2)的底部通过螺栓固定在连采机(6)的主机部上，所述后方形内套筒(C1)嵌入在所述后方形外套筒(C2)内，所述后高度调整油缸(C3)的缸体的底部与所述后方形外套筒(C2)铰接，所述后高度调整油缸(C3)的活塞杆与所述后方形内套筒(C1)铰接，所述后方形内套筒(C1)上端的腰形孔结构(C11)与所述架体(A2)通过销轴实现滑动且旋转连接；
    所述前高度调整油缸(B3)的无杆腔的进油口旁路和后高度调整油缸(C3)的无杆腔的进油口旁路均连接有蓄能器(B6)，所述前高度调整油缸(B3)的两个进油口均通过液压锁(B5)连接有换向阀(B4)，所述后高度调整油缸(C3)的两个进油口均通过另一个液压锁(B5)与所述换向阀(B4)连接，所述换向阀(B4)与液压锁(B5)之间设置有压力表(B7)和溢流阀(B8)；
    所述横轴式截割滚筒(62)为长度可调式且其最大长度与施工巷道的宽度WO相同，所述装载装置(61)的总宽度比施工巷道的宽度WO小；
    施工方法包括以下步骤：
    a.针对待施工巷道区域的地质条件，按照GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》对待施工的巷道顶板岩层情况进行分级，本连采机(6)适用于Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级的巷道顶板岩层的施工；
    b.按照GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》对待施工的巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度进行定性划分，根据定性划分的结果和岩体质量指标确定连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr；
    c.根据步骤b所确定的支护强度Pr，分别按照下面公式(1)计算前高度调整油缸(B3)和后高度调整油缸(C3)的压力Pc，公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2018112378-appb-100001
    其中R为前高度调整油缸(B3)或后高度调整油缸(C3)的缸径，L为滚动式护顶部(A)与顶板的接触面长度,WO为施工巷道的宽度；
    d.根据步骤c计算的压力结果进行前高度调整油缸(B3)和后高度调整油缸(C3)的压力设定，即在压力表(B7)的辅助下，调节溢流阀(B8)的溢流压力值至步骤c计算的压力值；
    e.操作换向阀(B4)的手柄给蓄能器(B6)、前高度调整油缸(B3)和后高度调整油缸(C3)供油，观察压力表(B7)的压力，当压力表(B7)的压力上升至不能再上升时保压3s；
    f.按照预设方案中顶板锚杆排距确定连采机(6)的截割进尺，单个循环截割进尺的距离与预设方案中顶板锚杆排距相同，根据单个循环截割进尺的距离操作连采机(6)的横轴式截割滚筒(62)进行割煤，装载装置(61)铲装横轴式截割滚筒(62)截割下的煤岩并将煤岩经过运输装置(63)输送至后部运出；
    g.当割完煤后，连采机(6)通过履带行走装置(64)向前移动相应一次截割进尺的距离，连续式临时护顶装置的滚动式护顶部(A)持续对施工巷道顶板支护；
    h.移机完成后，连采机(6)继续进行下一循环割煤，同时，工人用锚杆钻机在连采机(6)后方进行锚杆支护；
    i.截割预设距离后返回执行步骤b，即重新根据待施工的巷道顶板岩体情况确定连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr，连采机(6)沿着预设巷道方向向前施工作业，直至完成巷道掘进工作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，其特征在于：所述装载装置(61)的总宽度比施工巷道的宽度WO小200mm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤b包括：
    (1)按照GB/T 50218-2014《工程岩体分级标准》对待施工的巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度进行定性划分；
    (2)当巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度的定性特征为坚硬岩且岩体完整，且岩体质量指标BQ＞550时，连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr＝0.02MPa；当巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度的定性特征为坚硬岩且岩体较完整或者定性特征为较坚硬岩且岩体完整，且岩体质量指标BQ为451至550时，连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr＝0.05MPa；当巷道顶板岩体的坚硬程度和完整程度的定性特征为坚硬岩且岩体较破碎、较坚硬岩且岩体较完整或者较软岩且岩体完整，且岩体质量指标BQ为351至450时，连续式临时护顶装置的支护强度Pr＝0.1MPa。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤i中的预设距离为50m。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，其特征在于：所述弹性支重结构包括支重滚轮(A6)、叉形架(A5)和蝶形弹簧组(A7)，所述支重滚轮(A6)与所述闭合履带环(A3)滚动连接，所述支重滚轮(A6)与所述叉形架(A5)铰接，所述叉形架(A5)的下部设置有限位筒(A11)，所述限位筒(A11)的中心位置设置有中心圆柱(A12)，所述叉形架(A5)的限位筒(A11)套在所述引导筒(A8)的外部且叉形架(A5)与所述蝶形弹簧组(A7)接触，所述叉形架(A5)的中心圆柱(A12)插入所述蝶形弹簧组(A7)的中心孔中且所述蝶形弹簧组(A7)放置于所述引导筒(A8)中，所述闭合履带环(A3)为与巷道顶板接触的部件。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，其特征在于：所述闭合履带环(A3)由多个履带(A4)铰接而成，所述履带(A4)包括履带板基体(A13)、硬橡胶(A14)和链轨(A16)，所述硬橡胶(A14)固定在所述履带板基体(A13)上，所述链轨(A16)与所述履带板基体(A13)连接，每个所述履带(A4)之间通过链轨(A16)铰接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，其特征在于：所述硬橡胶(A14) 通过环氧树脂粘结在所述履带板基体(A13)上且硬橡胶(A14)通过内六角螺钉(A15)固定在所述履带板基体(A13)上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，其特征在于：所述滚动式护顶部(A)包括张紧机构(A9)，所述张紧机构(A9)用于推动所述第一滚轮(A10)从而实现闭合履带环(A3)的张紧。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的具有连续式临时护顶装置的连采机的施工方法，其特征在于：所述的连续式临时护顶装置为2个。
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