WO2020049853A1 - 非接触給電システムおよび送電装置 - Google Patents
非接触給電システムおよび送電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020049853A1 WO2020049853A1 PCT/JP2019/026881 JP2019026881W WO2020049853A1 WO 2020049853 A1 WO2020049853 A1 WO 2020049853A1 JP 2019026881 W JP2019026881 W JP 2019026881W WO 2020049853 A1 WO2020049853 A1 WO 2020049853A1
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- power
- converter
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- power supply
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60M7/00—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-contact power supply system and a power transmission device.
- ⁇ There is a technology for efficiently transmitting electric power in a non-contact manner by magnetic field coupling between a pair of coils separated from each other.
- This technology is classified as a non-contact power supply technology of a magnetic field coupling type, and is considered to be applied to, for example, charging of a battery of an electric vehicle (EV) or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV).
- EV electric vehicle
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
- An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to provide a non-contact power supply system and a power transmission system capable of supplying a desired amount of power to a load while suppressing a decrease in power transmission efficiency.
- the aim is to obtain a device.
- a non-contact power supply system includes a first converter that performs power conversion and outputs AC power, a first coil to which AC power output from the first converter is supplied, A second coil, which is magnetically coupled to the coil and to which AC power is transmitted from the first coil, and which is connected to the second coil and converts AC power transmitted to the second coil to DC power, A second converter for supplying a load, a first state for outputting a periodically varying rectangular wave voltage based on the required power of the load, and a second state for outputting a constant reference voltage. And a control unit for controlling the first converter so as to switch to the first mode.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a basic configuration of a wireless power supply system according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing a relationship between an output voltage and load supply power according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing a relationship between an output voltage and load supply power according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing a relationship between an output voltage and load supply power according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing a relationship between an output voltage and load supply power according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of adjusting a period ratio in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between inter-coil efficiency and load impedance according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a combination use of an alternate output operation and a phase shift operation according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of using both an alternate output operation and a phase shift operation in the first embodiment.
- 5 is a flowchart illustrating a power supply process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a non-contact power supply system according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a non-contact power feeding system according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a non-contact power supply system according to Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing an operation example of the DC / DC converter in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a non-contact power supply system according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for describing an operation of a first converter according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for describing an operation of a first converter according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a basic configuration of a contactless power supply system according to the present embodiment.
- 1 includes a power conversion device 101 and a power conversion device 102.
- the power converter 101 includes a first converter 11, a first coil 12, and a first controller 30.
- the power converter 102 includes a second converter 21, a second coil 22, and a second controller 35.
- the power conversion device 101 corresponds to a power transmission device in the claims
- the power conversion device 102 corresponds to a power reception device in the claims.
- the second coil 22 corresponds to a power receiving coil in the claims
- the second converter 21 corresponds to a power receiving side converter in the claims.
- the first and second converters 11 and 21 perform power conversion from AC to DC or DC to AC.
- Each of the first and second converters 11 and 21 is, for example, a half-bridge circuit or a full-bridge circuit including a plurality of semiconductor switching elements.
- the first converter 11 converts DC power into AC power
- the second converter 21 converts AC power into DC power.
- the second converter 21 may be a diode bridge.
- the DC side terminal of the first converter 11 is connected to the DC power supply PS, and the DC side terminal of the second converter 21 is connected to the load LD.
- the load LD is, for example, a battery or an electric device.
- the first coil 12 is connected to the AC side terminal of the first converter 11.
- the AC power output from the first converter 11 is provided to the first coil 12.
- Second coil 22 is magnetically coupled to first coil 12, and AC power is transmitted from first coil 12.
- the second coil 22 is connected to a terminal on the AC side of the second converter 21.
- the AC power transmitted to the second coil 22 is provided to the second converter 21.
- the first and second coils 12, 22 are arranged spaced apart from each other. Thereby, power is transmitted from power conversion device 101 to power conversion device 102 in a non-contact manner.
- the power converter 101 may include a resonance capacitor connected in series or in parallel with the first coil 12, or in another connection form.
- the power converter 102 may include a resonance capacitor connected in series or in parallel with the second coil 22, or in another connection configuration. Power can be supplied from the power converters 101 and 102 with high power factor and high efficiency by the resonance capacitor.
- Each of the first and second control units 30 and 35 has, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory.
- the first and second control units 30 and 35 control the first and second converters 11 and 21, respectively, based on the required power of the load LD (hereinafter, referred to as load required power).
- the required load power may be stored in the memories of the first and second control units 30 and 35 in advance, or may be calculated by the first or second control unit 30 and 35 based on power information described later. Good. Note that one of the first and second control units 30 and 35 may control both the first and second converters 11 and 21.
- the wireless power supply system 100 further includes a state detection unit 40 and a transmission unit 41.
- the state detection unit 40 detects, as power information, at least one of the current, voltage, and power supplied from the second converter 21 to the load LD.
- the transmission unit 41 transmits the power information detected by the state detection unit 40 to the first and second control units 30 and 35.
- the first and second control units 30 and 35 supply power supplied from the second converter 21 to the load LD based on the power information transmitted from the transmission unit 41 (hereinafter, referred to as load supply power). Is calculated, and the first and second converters 11 and 21 are controlled such that the calculated load supply power approaches the load required power.
- the non-contact power supply system 100 may be configured to be able to transmit power bidirectionally.
- the first converter 11 and the second converter 21 have the same function, and the first and second converters 11 and 21 operate according to the power transmission directions, respectively. That is, the function of the first converter 11 when power is transmitted from the power converter 101 to the power converter 102, and the second conversion when power is transmitted from the power converter 102 to the power converter 101.
- the functions of the containers 21 are equal to each other. Further, a load may be connected to the DC side terminal of the first converter 11, and a power supply may be connected to the DC side terminal of the second converter 21.
- a state detection unit that detects at least one of current, voltage, and power supplied to the load as power information, and A transmission unit for transmitting the power information to the first and second control units 30 and 35 may be provided.
- the basic operation of the wireless power supply system 100 will be described.
- DC power is supplied from the power supply PS to the first converter 11.
- the first converter 11 converts DC power from the power supply PS into AC power, and supplies the AC power to the first coil 12.
- an AC current flows through the first coil 12
- an AC magnetic field is generated around the first coil 12.
- alternating current is linked with the second coil 22
- alternating current is generated in the second coil 22 by electromagnetic induction.
- AC power is transmitted from the first coil 12 to the second coil 22.
- the AC power transmitted to the second coil 22 is provided to the second converter 21.
- the second converter 21 converts AC power from the second coil 22 into DC power and supplies the DC power to the load LD.
- the first control unit 30 switches the operation state of the first converter 11 between the first state and the second state based on the required load power.
- the first converter 11 outputs a rectangular wave voltage in the first state and outputs a reference voltage in the second state.
- the rectangular wave voltage is a voltage that periodically changes in a rectangular wave shape.
- the reference voltage is a constant voltage.
- the first converter 11 can output a rectangular wave voltage by a continuous switching operation, and can output a reference voltage by stopping the switching operation.
- the period of the voltage change in the rectangular wave voltage is the switching period of the first converter 11 and the period of the AC power output from the first converter 1.
- the second control unit 35 controls the second converter 21 so as to correspond to the operation of the first converter 11.
- the second converter 21 when the first converter 11 is in the first state, the second converter 21 performs a continuous switching operation, and when the first converter 11 is in the second state. Then, the second converter 21 stops the switching operation.
- the first control unit 30 and the second control unit 35 communicate with each other while the first and second converters 11 and 21 communicate with each other. 21 may be controlled individually.
- FIGS. 2 to 5 are diagrams for explaining the relationship between the voltage output from the first converter 11 (hereinafter, referred to as output voltage) and the load supply power.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents output voltage
- 3 and 5 the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents load supply power.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show examples of changes in the output voltage and the load supply power when the required load power is a predetermined rated power.
- the first control unit 30 controls the first converter 11 continuously to the first state.
- the rectangular wave voltage is continuously output from the first converter 11.
- the first converter 11 continuously outputs the rectangular wave voltage Vp.
- the rectangular wave voltage Vp periodically changes between a positive voltage V1 and a negative voltage -V1 in a rectangular wave shape.
- the frequency of the rectangular wave voltage Vp is, for example, not less than 80 kHz and less than 90 Hz.
- the cycle of the change between the voltage V1 and the voltage ⁇ V1 in the rectangular wave voltage Vp is referred to as a unit cycle ps.
- the load supply power is maintained at a substantially constant rated power P as shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show examples of changes in the output voltage and the load supply power when the required load power is smaller than the rated power.
- the first control unit 30 alternately switches the operation state of the first converter 11 between the first state and the second state.
- the first converter 11 outputs the rectangular wave voltage Vp and the reference voltage Vs alternately at a constant cycle.
- the reference voltage Vs is 0V.
- an operation of alternately outputting the rectangular wave voltage Vp and the reference voltage Vs is referred to as an alternate output operation.
- the load supply power repeatedly increases and decreases.
- the load supply power periodically increases and decreases between the power P1 and the power P2.
- Power P2 is greater than power P1.
- the powers P1 and P2 are each smaller than the rated power P.
- the load supply power gradually increases.
- the reference voltage Vs hereinafter, referred to as a reference voltage period
- the load supply power gradually decreases.
- the power output from the first converter 11 during the rectangular wave voltage period is instantaneously the rated power P, and the power output from the first converter 11 during the reference voltage period is 0 instantaneously. It is.
- the average power Pk of the power P1 and the power P2 can be regarded as the substantial load supply power.
- the rectangular wave voltage period corresponds to a first control period in claims
- the reference voltage period corresponds to a second control period in claims.
- each of the rectangular wave voltage period and the reference voltage period is set to be longer than the unit cycle ps of the rectangular wave voltage Vp.
- each of the rectangular wave voltage period and the reference voltage period is preferably at least 10 periods.
- the n period (n is a positive integer) means a length n times the unit period ps.
- the load supply power can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio between the length of the rectangular wave voltage period and the length of the reference voltage period.
- the ratio between the length of the rectangular wave voltage period and the length of the reference voltage period in a continuous set of the rectangular wave voltage period and the reference voltage period is referred to as a period ratio.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of adjusting the period ratio.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents load supply power.
- each rectangular wave voltage period Dr is longer than each reference voltage period Db. Therefore, the increase width of the load supply power in each rectangular wave voltage period Dr is larger than the decrease width of the load supply power in each reference voltage period Db.
- each reference voltage period Db is longer than each rectangular wave voltage period Dr. Therefore, the decrease width of the load supply power in each reference voltage period Db is smaller than the increase width of the load supply power in each rectangular wave voltage period Dr. Thereby, the load supply power gradually decreases.
- the larger the ratio of the reference voltage period Db the higher the rate of decrease of the load supply power.
- the increase width of the load supply power in each rectangular wave voltage period Dr is equal to the decrease width of the load supply power in each reference voltage period Db.
- the load supply power can be arbitrarily changed by adjusting the period ratio.
- the period ratio is adjusted by feedback control using the power information so that the load supply power approaches the load required power. The control operation of the first converter 11 will be described later.
- the degree of change in load supply power may be acquired in advance as change information, and the first converter 11 may be controlled based on the change information. For example, an increase rate of the load supply power in each rectangular wave voltage period Dr and a decrease rate of the load supply power in each reference voltage period Db are acquired in advance, and a period ratio is calculated based on the acquired increase rate and decrease rate. Is also good. In this case, the load supply power can be adjusted with high accuracy.
- a period ratio when the increase width of the load supply power in each rectangular wave voltage period Dr and the decrease width of the load supply power in each reference voltage period Db become equal to each other is predetermined as a reference ratio, and the period is determined based on the reference ratio.
- the ratio may be adjusted. In this case, the load supply power can be easily increased or decreased.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the power transmission efficiency between the first and second coils 12 and 22 (hereinafter, referred to as inter-coil efficiency) and the impedance of the load LD.
- the horizontal axis represents the impedance of the load LD
- the vertical axis represents the efficiency between the coils.
- the efficiency between the coils reaches a peak when the impedance of the load LD has a certain value.
- the impedance of the load LD is the value Imx
- the efficiency between the coils peaks.
- the value of the impedance at which the efficiency between the coils peaks depends on the design of the wireless power transfer system 100.
- the design of the wireless power transfer system 100 includes the number of turns and the length of the first and second coils 12 and 22.
- the wireless power supply system 100 be designed so that the efficiency between the coils becomes a peak.
- the impedance of the load LD when the load supply power is the rated power is calculated, and the non-contact power supply system 100 is designed so that the calculated impedance has a peak efficiency between the coils.
- the wireless power supply system 100 is used for charging a battery of an electric vehicle, in which the power supply PS is a power system and the load LD is a battery.
- the rated power of the contactless power supply system is, for example, 3 kW.
- the battery voltage is almost constant, for example, 350V.
- the impedance is 41 ⁇ . Therefore, the non-contact power supply system 100 is designed so that the inter-coil efficiency is maximized at an impedance of 41 ⁇ .
- 90% or more of the charging time is charged at the rated power (3 kW). Therefore, the efficiency between the coils is maintained almost at the peak.
- the wireless power supply system 100 may be used to supply power from the battery of the electric vehicle to other electric devices (for example, electric devices in a general home).
- the non-contact power supply system 100 is provided so as to be able to transmit electric power in two directions, and the second converter 21 is connected to a battery of an electric vehicle, and the first converter 11 is connected to another electric device as a load. Is connected. In that case, power is supplied from the battery of the electric vehicle to the other electric devices via the power converters 102 and 101 in order.
- the magnitude of transmission power depends on the amount of power consumed by the other electric device.
- the power consumed in ordinary households is about 1 kW or less. In this case, the efficiency between the coils is greatly reduced. Such a situation is not preferable from the viewpoint of effective use of electric power and economic viewpoint.
- the first converter 11 (or the second converter 21) alternately outputs the rectangular wave voltage and the reference voltage. Since the rated power is output instantaneously from the first converter 11 (or the second converter 21) during the rectangular wave voltage period, the efficiency between the coils is equal to or close to that at the time of transmission of the rated power. Therefore, power can be transmitted with high efficiency.
- the power transmitted between the first converter 11 and the second converter 21 during the reference voltage period is instantaneously 0, and the power transmitted between the first and second coils 12 and 22 is instantaneous.
- the loss is zero.
- a desired power lower than the rated power can be supplied to the load while suppressing a decrease in transmission efficiency.
- the first control unit 30 may control the first converter 11 to perform a phase shift operation in addition to the alternate output operation.
- the phase shift operation is realized by relatively shifting the switching phase of one leg and the switching phase of the other leg.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are diagrams showing changes in the output voltage and the load supply power of the first converter 11 when the alternate output operation and the phase shift operation are used together.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents output voltage.
- a part of the rectangular wave voltage Vp in FIG. 8 is shown in an enlarged manner.
- a change in the current output from the first converter 11 is indicated by a dotted line.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents load supply power.
- the phase shift operation is performed during the rectangular wave voltage period Dr. Specifically, within one cycle, the time during which the output voltage is maintained at 0 V is increased, and the time during which the output voltage is maintained at V1 and the time during which the output voltage is maintained at -V1 are each reduced. In this case, as shown in FIG. 9, the load voltage repeatedly rises and falls between power P3 and power P4. The powers P3 and P4 are smaller than the powers P1 and P2 in FIG. Thereby, the substantial load supply power becomes power Pka smaller than power Pk in FIG. The shorter the time during which the output voltage is maintained at V1 and the time during which the output voltage is maintained at -V1, the smaller the actual load supply power becomes.
- LC resonance is often used. It takes time from the state where the energy of the resonance capacitor (not shown) or the first and second coils 12 and 22 is zero to the steady state (the state where LC resonance is stably performed). Therefore, if one rectangular wave voltage period is too short, the current (power) may not reach a steady state within each rectangular wave voltage period. For example, in order to supply 1/10 of the rated power to the load LD, a rectangular wave voltage period having a length of 4 periods (4 times the unit period ps) and 36 periods (36 times the unit period ps) are required. A reference voltage period having a length is provided alternately. In this case, the current (power) does not reach the steady state within each rectangular wave control time, and as a result, the actual load supply power may be smaller than 1/10 of the rated power.
- the alternate output operation and the phase shift operation are performed simultaneously as described above.
- the load supply power is reduced to 1/5 of the rated power, and furthermore, by a phase shift operation.
- the load supply power is reduced by half.
- the length of one rectangular wave voltage period is doubled compared to the case where the phase shift operation is not performed. Therefore, power (current) can reach a steady state within each rectangular wave voltage period. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately control the load supply power.
- the first control unit 30 of the wireless power supply system 100 performs a power supply process for supplying power to the load LD by executing a power supply program stored in the memory.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a power supply process by the first control unit 30.
- step S1 the first control unit 30 acquires the required load power.
- the first control unit 30 may calculate the required load power based on the power information transmitted from the transmission unit 41.
- step S2 the first control unit 30 calculates whether the acquired required power is smaller than the rated power. If the required power is smaller than the rated power, the first controller 30 proceeds to step S3. If the required power is equal to or greater than the rated power, the first controller 30 proceeds to step S5.
- step S3 the first control unit 30 calculates a period ratio between the rectangular wave voltage period and the reference voltage period based on the power information transmitted from the transmission unit 41.
- step S4 the first control unit 30 controls the first converter 11 to operate alternately in the first and second states based on the calculated period ratio, and returns to step S1. Thereby, the first converter 11 performs an alternate output operation of alternately outputting the rectangular wave voltage and the reference voltage at the calculated period ratio.
- step S4 the first control unit 30 may control the first converter 11 to perform the alternate output operation and the phase shift operation simultaneously.
- step S5 the first control unit 30 controls the first converter 11 to operate in the first state, and returns to step S1. As a result, the first converter 11 continuously outputs a rectangular wave voltage. In this way, desired power can be supplied to the load LD while suppressing a decrease in transmission efficiency.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a contactless power supply system 100 according to Embodiment 2.
- charger 50 is connected to load LD via cable CB.
- the charger 50 is an example of another power supply device.
- the load LD is a battery.
- the charger 50 is connected to the AC power supply 51.
- Charger 50 includes an AC / DC converter and a DC / DC converter, converts AC power supplied from AC power supply 51 to DC power, and supplies the DC power to load LD to charge load LD. .
- the charger 50 charges the load LD while the contactless power supply system 100 charges the load LD.
- the charger 50 is designed to transmit specific specified power with high efficiency, and continuously supplies the specified power to the load LD.
- the first and second control units 30 and 35 of the non-contact power supply system 100 provide the first and second converters such that the sum of the load supply power and the specified power of the charger 50 becomes the load required power. 11 and 21 are controlled.
- first control unit 30 calculates a difference value between the required load power and the specified power of charger 50 based on the power information from transmitting unit 41.
- the first control unit 30 controls the first converter 11 so that the calculated difference value becomes the load supply power.
- the second control unit 35 controls the second converter 21 so as to correspond to the operation of the first converter 11.
- the contactless power supply system 100 can supply a desired power lower than the rated power to the load LD while suppressing a decrease in transmission efficiency. Therefore, while the charger 50 continuously supplies the specified power that can be transmitted with high efficiency, the non-contact power supply system 100 can supply the load LD with the power of the difference between the required load power and the specified power with high efficiency to the load LD. it can. Thereby, the loss in both the charger 50 and the wireless power supply system 100 can be reduced.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a non-contact power supply system 100 according to Embodiment 3.
- the power converter 101 includes a DC / DC converter 14 between the first converter 11 and the power supply PS.
- the DC / DC converter 14 corresponds to a third converter in the claims.
- DC / DC converter 14 adjusts the voltage supplied from power supply PS to first converter 11. As described above, in order to reduce the power output from the first converter 11, it is conceivable to use both the intermittent output operation and the phase shift operation. On the other hand, when the phase shift operation is performed, the possibility that hard switching is performed instead of soft switching is increased. Therefore, the loss in the first converter 11 tends to increase.
- the voltage applied to the first converter 11 by the DC / DC converter 14 can be reduced. Therefore, without the first converter 11 performing the phase shift operation, the power conversion by the DC / DC converter 14 and the intermittent output operation by the first converter 11 are used together, so that the first and second coils 12, The transmission power between the two 22 can be sufficiently reduced. In this case, the first converter 11 can easily perform soft switching. Therefore, an increase in loss in the first converter 11 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a contactless power supply system 100 according to Embodiment 4.
- the power converter 102 includes a DC / DC converter 24 between the second converter 21 and the load LD.
- the DC / DC converter 24 performs power conversion between the second converter 21 and the load LD.
- the DC / DC converter 24 corresponds to a fourth converter in the claims.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for describing an example of power conversion by the DC / DC converter 24. Specifically, a voltage before power conversion by the DC / DC converter 24, a voltage after power conversion, and a target voltage (a voltage corresponding to the load required power) are shown. In FIG. 14, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents each voltage.
- the first converter 11 performs the alternate output operation, the voltage and the current supplied to the load LD fluctuate.
- By increasing the capacitance of the capacitor in the power converter 101 even when the first converter 11 performs an alternate output operation, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the voltage and current applied to the load LD.
- the DC / DC converter 24 performs power conversion so that fluctuations in voltage and current supplied to the load LD are reduced. Thereby, it is possible to stably supply power lower than the rated power to the load LD while suppressing a decrease in transmission efficiency due to the alternate output operation of the first converter 11.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a non-contact power supply system 100 according to Embodiment 5.
- a plurality of contactless power supply systems 100 are connected to a common load LD.
- the load LD is a facility or equipment that consumes relatively large power, such as a house, an office, or a factory.
- Each wireless power supply system 100 is connected to a power supply PS.
- the power supply PS is, for example, a battery of an electric vehicle.
- each contactless power supply system 100 has the same configuration as in the first embodiment.
- three contactless power supply systems 100 are connected to the load LD.
- the three contactless power supply systems 100 are referred to as contactless power supply systems 100A, 100B, and 100C, respectively.
- the first converters 11 of the wireless power supply systems 100A, 100B, and 100C are referred to as first converters 11A, 11B, and 11C, respectively.
- each contactless power supply system 100 may have the same configuration as any of the third and fourth embodiments.
- the number of the non-contact power supply systems 100 is not limited to three, and two or four or more non-contact power supply systems 100 may be connected to the load LD.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrams for explaining the operation of the first converters 11A, 11B, and 11C.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents output voltage.
- the upper, middle, and lower portions of FIG. 16 show changes in output voltages of the first converters 11A, 11B, and 11C, respectively.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the total power supplied from the contactless power supply systems 100A, 100B, and 100C to the load LD.
- the first converter 11A outputs the rectangular wave voltage Vp during the periods T11 and T14, and outputs the reference voltage Vs during the periods T12, T13, T15, and T16.
- the first converter 11B outputs the rectangular wave voltage Vp during the periods T12 and T15, and outputs the reference voltage Vs during the periods T11, T13, T14, and T16.
- the first converter 11C outputs the rectangular wave voltage Vp during the periods T13 and T16, and outputs the reference voltage Vs during the periods T11, T12, T14, and T15.
- the first converters 11A, 11B, and 11C of the non-contact power supply systems 100A, 100B, and 100C output the rectangular wave voltage Vp sequentially in a time-division manner.
- the other two first converters output the reference voltage. Is output.
- the rated power P is continuously supplied to the load LD as in the example of FIG.
- the three contactless power supply systems 100 in FIG. 15 can be used.
- the battery of each electric vehicle corresponds to each power supply PS in FIG. 15, and the power equipment in the factory corresponds to the load LD in FIG.
- the required power of the factory is the rated power P
- the load supply power of each contactless power supply system 100 becomes smaller than the rated power P, so that the transmission efficiency decreases. It is also conceivable that one electric vehicle continuously supplies the rated power P to the factory.
- the electric power of the battery of one electric vehicle is intensively consumed, so that the life of the battery is shortened.
- a plurality of electric vehicles supply power to the factory in a time-sharing manner, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in the transmission efficiency of electric power from each electric vehicle, and to reduce the battery of some electric vehicles. The life can be prevented from being shortened.
- a DC power supply is used as the power supply PS, and DC power is supplied from the power supply PS to the first converter 11, but an AC power supply is used as the power supply PS, and the first converter 11 May be supplied with AC power.
- the first converter 11 performs power conversion (for example, frequency conversion) between AC power and AC power.
- the reference voltage is 0V, but the reference voltage may be other than 0V.
- the reference voltage may be the upper limit (positive voltage) of the rectangular wave voltage or the lower limit (negative voltage) of the rectangular wave voltage.
- the reference voltage Vs may be the voltage V1, or may be the voltage -V1.
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Abstract
Description
(1)構成
図1は、本実施の形態に係る非接触給電システムの基本的な構成を示す模式図である。図1の非接触給電システム100は、電力変換装置101および電力変換装置102を備える。電力変換装置101は、第1の変換器11、第1のコイル12および第1の制御部30を備える。電力変換装置102は、第2の変換器21、第2のコイル22および第2の制御部35を備える。なお、電力変換装置101は、請求項における送電装置に該当し、電力変換装置102は、請求項における受電装置に該当する。また、第2のコイル22は、請求項における受電コイルに該当し、第2の変換器21は、請求項における受電側変換器に該当する。
非接触給電システム100の基本的な動作について説明する。電源PSから第1の変換器11に直流電力が与えられる。第1の変換器11は、電源PSからの直流電力を交流電力に変換し、その交流電力を第1のコイル12に供給する。第1のコイル12に交流電流が流れることにより、第1のコイル12の周囲に交流磁界が生じる。この交流磁界が第2のコイル22と鎖交することにより、第2のコイル22に電磁誘導による交流電力(誘導起電力)が生じる。これにより、第1のコイル12から第2のコイル22に交流電力が伝送される。第2のコイル22に伝送された交流電力は、第2の変換器21に与えられる。第2の変換器21は、第2のコイル22からの交流電力を直流電力に変換し、その直流電力を負荷LDに供給する。
本発明の実施の形態2について、上記実施の形態1と異なる点を説明する。図11は、実施の形態2に係る非接触給電システム100の構成を示す模式図である。図11に示すように、実施の形態2では、充電器50がケーブルCBを介して負荷LDに接続される。充電器50は、他の給電装置の例である。本例において、負荷LDはバッテリである。
本発明の実施の形態3について、上記実施の形態2と異なる点を説明する。図12は、実施の形態3に係る非接触給電システム100の構成を示す模式図である。図12の非接触給電システム100においては、電力変換装置101が、第1の変換器11と電源PSとの間にDC/DCコンバータ14を備える。DC/DCコンバータ14は、請求項における第3の変換器に該当する。
本発明の実施の形態4について、上記実施の形態1と異なる点を説明する。図13は、実施の形態4に係る非接触給電システム100の構成を示す模式図である。図13の非接触給電システム100においては、電力変換装置102が、第2の変換器21と負荷LDとの間にDC/DCコンバータ24を備える。DC/DCコンバータ24は、第2の変換器21と負荷LDとの間で電力変換を行う。DC/DCコンバータ24は、請求項における第4の変換器に該当する。
本発明の実施の形態5について、上記実施の形態1と異なる点を説明する。図15は、実施の形態5に係る非接触給電システム100の構成を示す模式図である。図15に示すように、実施の形態5では、複数の非接触給電システム100が共通の負荷LDに接続される。負荷LDは、例えば、住居、オフィスまたは工場等の比較的大きい電力を消費する施設または設備である。また、各非接触給電システム100は、電源PSに接続される。電源PSは、例えば、電気自動車のバッテリである。
上記実施の形態では、電源PSとして直流電源が用いられ、電源PSから第1の変換器11に直流電力が与えられるが、電源PSとして交流電源が用いられ、電源PSから第1の変換器11に交流電力が与えられてもよい。この場合、第1の変換器11は、交流電力と交流電力との間で電力変換(例えば、周波数変換)を行う。
12 第1のコイル
14,24 DC/DCコンバータ
21 第2の変換器
22 第2のコイル
30 第1の制御部
35第2の制御部
40 状態検出部
41 送信部
50 充電器
100 非接触給電システム
101 電力変換装置
102 電力変換装置
LD 負荷
PS 直流電源
Claims (11)
- 電力変換を行って交流電力を出力する第1の変換器と、
前記第1の変換器から出力された交流電力が与えられる第1のコイルと、
前記第1のコイルと磁気的に結合され、前記第1のコイルから交流電力が伝送される第2のコイルと、
前記第2のコイルに接続され、前記第2のコイルに伝送された交流電力を直流電力に変換して負荷に供給する第2の変換器と、
前記負荷の要求電力に基づいて、周期的に変化する矩形波電圧を出力する第1の状態と、一定の基準電圧を出力する第2の状態とに交互に切り替わるように前記第1の変換器を制御する制御部とを備える、非接触給電システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記要求電力に基づいて、前記第1の変換器を前記第1の状態に制御する第1の制御期間の長さと前記第1の変換器を前記第2の状態に制御する第2の制御期間の長さとの比である期間比を調整する、請求項1に記載の非接触給電システム。
- 前記第2の制御期間は、前記矩形波電圧における電圧の変化の周期よりも長い、請求項2記載の非接触給電システム。
- 前記制御部は、前記負荷に供給される電流、電圧または電力の少なくとも1つに基づいて、前記第2の変換器から前記負荷への供給電力を算出し、算出した供給電力が前記要求電力に近づくように、前記期間比を調整する、請求項2または3に記載の非接触給電システム。
- 前記制御部は、前記要求電力が予め定められた値である場合に前記第1の変換器を継続的に前記第1の状態に制御し、前記要求電力が前記予め定められた値よりも小さい場合に前記第1の変換器を前記第1の状態と前記第2の状態とに交互に切り替える、請求項4記載の非接触給電システム。
- 前記制御部は、前記第1の変換器におけるスイッチングの位相をシフトさせることにより前記矩形波電圧が正の電圧および負の電圧に維持される時間をそれぞれ調整する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の非接触給電システム。
- 前記第2の変換器から前記負荷に電力が供給されつつ他の給電装置から前記負荷に電力が供給される場合、前記制御部は、前記要求電力と前記他の給電装置から前記負荷に供給される電力との差分に基づいて、前記第1の変換器を制御する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の非接触給電システム。
- 自己の非接触給電システムから前記負荷に電力が供給されつつ他の1以上の非接触給電システムから前記負荷に電力が供給される場合、前記制御部は、他のいずれかの非接触給電システムの前記第1の変換器が前記第1の状態であるときに、自己の前記第1の変換器を前記第2の状態に制御し、他の全ての非接触給電システムの前記第1の変換器が前記第2の状態であるときに、自己の前記第1の変換器を前記第1の状態に制御する、請求項1記載の非接触給電システム。
- 電源から第3の変換器を介して前記第1の変換器に電力が供給され、
前記制御部は、前記要求電力に基づいて、前記第1および第3の変換器を制御する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の非接触給電システム。 - 前記第2の変換器と前記負荷との間に、電力変換が可能な第4の変換器を備え、
前記制御部は、前記要求電力に基づいて、前記第1および第4の変換器を制御する、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の非接触給電システム。 - 受電コイルおよび受電側変換器を有する受電装置を介して負荷に電力を供給する送電装置であって、
電力変換を行って交流電力を出力する変換器と、
前記受電コイルと磁気的に結合され、前記変換器から交流電力が与えられるコイルと、
前記負荷の要求電力に基づいて、周期的に変化する矩形波電圧を出力する第1の状態と、一定の基準電圧を出力する第2の状態とに交互に切り替わるように前記変換器を制御する制御部を備える、送電装置。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19857165.5A EP3849054A4 (en) | 2018-09-05 | 2019-07-05 | CONTACTLESS POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND POWER TRANSFER DEVICE |
| JP2019555502A JP6714908B1 (ja) | 2018-09-05 | 2019-07-05 | 非接触給電システム |
| CN201980056425.5A CN112640255B (zh) | 2018-09-05 | 2019-07-05 | 非接触供电系统以及输电装置 |
| US17/257,585 US11462946B2 (en) | 2018-09-05 | 2019-07-05 | Non-contact power supply system and power transmission device |
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| EP (1) | EP3849054A4 (ja) |
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| EP3849054A4 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
| CN112640255A (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
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| US11462946B2 (en) | 2022-10-04 |
| JP6714908B1 (ja) | 2020-07-01 |
| US20210143680A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
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