WO2020049623A1 - 作業機械 - Google Patents
作業機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020049623A1 WO2020049623A1 PCT/JP2018/032671 JP2018032671W WO2020049623A1 WO 2020049623 A1 WO2020049623 A1 WO 2020049623A1 JP 2018032671 W JP2018032671 W JP 2018032671W WO 2020049623 A1 WO2020049623 A1 WO 2020049623A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- arm
- jack
- angle
- target
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/431—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for bucket-arms, front-end loaders, dumpers or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2203—Arrangements for controlling the attitude of actuators, e.g. speed, floating function
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2225—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
- E02F9/2228—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves including an electronic controller
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
- E02F3/437—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like providing automatic sequences of movements, e.g. linear excavation, keeping dipper angle constant
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
- E02F9/2033—Limiting the movement of frames or implements, e.g. to avoid collision between implements and the cabin
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2264—Arrangements or adaptations of elements for hydraulic drives
- E02F9/2267—Valves or distributors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2264—Arrangements or adaptations of elements for hydraulic drives
- E02F9/2271—Actuators and supports therefor and protection therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/264—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/264—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool
- E02F9/265—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool with follow-up actions (e.g. control signals sent to actuate the work tool)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a working machine used for structural demolition work, road work, construction work, civil engineering work, and the like.
- an articulated working device consisting of a plurality of front members is attached to the main body, and each front member is driven by a hydraulic cylinder.
- Things are known.
- One example is a hydraulic shovel having a working device including a boom, an arm, a bucket, and the like.
- Some types of hydraulic excavators are capable of executing a so-called machine control, in which an area in which a working device is operable is provided and the working device is semi-automatically operated within the range. For example, when a construction target plane is set at the boundary between the operable area and the non-operable area of the working device and the operator operates the arm, the working device is semi-automatically controlled by the machine control so as to follow the construction target surface. Can work.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of detecting a combined operation including an arm closing operation and a boom lowering operation by an operator and controlling a boom cylinder pressure so that the vehicle body is not jacked up.
- the pressure of hydraulic oil supplied to the boom cylinder is adjusted so as not to exceed the boom cylinder pressure when the work machine is jacked up.
- the angle between the ground and the traveling body when the hydraulic excavator is in the jack-up state is sometimes referred to as a jack-up angle, and the operator intuitively grasps the magnitude of the excavating power based on the magnitude of the jack-up angle.
- Excavation force may be adjusted.
- the boom cylinder pressure is controlled so that the vehicle body is not always jacked up. That is, in the technique of Patent Document 1, the jack-up angle is always kept almost zero by the controller regardless of the intention of the operator. Therefore, the operator cannot intuitively grasp the state of the excavating force from the magnitude of the jack-up angle, and it becomes difficult to adjust the excavating force by his / her own operation. As a result, some operators may determine that the machine has poor operability.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a work machine in which machine control is performed, in which the operability of an operator in a so-called jack-up state is excellent.
- the present invention has a vehicle body including a traveling body and a swing body, a boom, an arm, and a boom, a working device attached to the swing body, and hydraulic oil discharged from a hydraulic pump.
- a plurality of hydraulic cylinders driven by the operating device to operate the operating device, an operating device for instructing the operation of the operating device according to an operation of an operator, and a target arbitrarily set while the operating device is operated.
- a control device that executes a region limit control that controls at least one hydraulic cylinder of the plurality of hydraulic cylinders, such that the work device is located on or above a surface, wherein the control device includes: During execution of the area restriction control, when a jack-up angle that is an inclination angle of the vehicle body with respect to the ground is larger than a predetermined target value, Yakkiappu angle correcting control of the at least one hydraulic cylinder so as to come close to the target value, the target value shall be set to vary according to the posture of the arm.
- operability and work efficiency can be improved without excavating a target surface in machine control excavation work.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram of the hydraulic shovel of FIG. 1. It is the side view which showed the jack-up state of the hydraulic shovel.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a controller.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of correction of a trajectory of a bucket tip. The figure which shows the calculation table of the speed limit vertical component V1y '. It is a figure which shows the vehicle body pitch angle obtained by analyzing the excavation work of a skilled operator.
- 6 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure according to the embodiment. The figure which shows the correlation of an arm angle and target jack-up angle (phi) t. The figure which shows the correlation of an arm angle, the target jack-up angle (phi) t, and the target surface distance D.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a hydraulic shovel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the excavator includes a crawler type traveling body 401 and a revolving body 402 that is pivotably mounted on the traveling body 401.
- the traveling body 401 is driven by the traveling hydraulic motor 33.
- the revolving superstructure 402 is driven by the torque generated by the revolving hydraulic motor 28, and revolves left and right.
- the traveling body 401 and the revolving body 402 may be collectively referred to as a vehicle body 1A.
- the traveling body 401 is not limited to one having a crawler belt, but may be one having traveling wheels or legs.
- a driver's seat 403 is installed on the revolving superstructure 402, and a multi-joint type front working device (working device) 400 capable of forming a target surface is mounted in front of the revolving superstructure 402.
- the front working device 400 includes a boom 405 driven by a boom cylinder (first hydraulic actuator) 32a, an arm 406 driven by an arm cylinder (second hydraulic actuator) 32b, and a bucket 407 driven by a bucket cylinder 32c.
- the boom cylinder 32a, the arm cylinder 32b, and the bucket cylinder 32c are each driven by hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 23, and operate the working device 400.
- the boom 405, the arm 406, and the bucket 407 are sometimes referred to as front members.
- the front working device 400 also includes a first link 407B connecting the bucket 407 and the tip of the bucket cylinder 32c, and a second link 407C connecting the arm 406 and the tip of the bucket cylinder 32c.
- the bucket cylinder (hydraulic cylinder) 32c is connected to the second link 407C and the arm 406.
- the bucket 407 can be arbitrarily exchanged for a working tool (not shown) such as a grapple, a breaker, a ripper, and a magnet.
- a working tool such as a grapple, a breaker, a ripper, and a magnet.
- the boom 405 and the arm 406 include a boom IMU (IMU: Inertial Measurement Unit (Inertial Measurement Unit)) 36 for detecting the posture (inclination angle) of the boom 405 and the arm 406 with respect to a predetermined surface (for example, a horizontal plane).
- the arm IMU 37 is attached.
- the second link 407C is provided with a bucket IMU 38 for detecting the attitude (inclination angle) of the bucket 407 with respect to a predetermined surface (for example, a horizontal plane).
- Each of these IMUs 36, 37, and 38 is composed of an angular velocity sensor and an acceleration sensor, and can also calculate a tilt angle.
- an operation lever (operation device) 26 for instructing the operation of the front working device 400, the revolving unit 402, and the traveling unit 401 in accordance with the operation of the operator, and a target rotation speed of the engine 21 (see FIG. 2).
- a commanding engine control dial 51 (see FIG. 2) is provided.
- the operation lever 26 controls a boom cylinder 32a, an arm cylinder 32b, a bucket cylinder 32c, a travel hydraulic motor 33, and a control signal (a pilot pressure (hereinafter referred to as "Pi pressure") output from a gear pump 24 (see FIG. 2). ) Is generated according to the operation direction and the operation amount, and the boom 405, the arm 406, the bucket 407, the revolving unit 402, and the traveling unit 401 are operated by the control signal.
- a pilot pressure hereinafter referred to as "Pi pressure”
- the Pi pressure output from the operation lever 26 is detected by the pressure sensor 44, and the pressure sensor 44 outputs the detected value to the controller 20.
- the detection value of the pressure sensor 44 is used by the controller 20 to detect the operation amount, operation direction, and operation target of the operation lever 26. That is, the pressure sensor 44 functions as an operation amount sensor that detects an operation input amount to the operation lever 26. There are twice as many pressure sensors 44 as there are control valves.
- the operation lever 26 may be of an electric type. In this case, the operation amount, operation direction, and operation target of the operation lever 26 are detected by an operation amount sensor that detects an inclination amount (operation amount) of the operation lever 26.
- the operation amount sensor can convert an operation speed requested by the operator to the work device 400 into an electric signal by detecting an amount by which the operator tilts the operation lever 26.
- FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram of the hydraulic shovel of FIG.
- the hydraulic shovel of the present embodiment is driven by the engine 21, an engine control unit (ECU) 22 which is a controller (control device) for controlling the engine 21, and mechanically connected to an output shaft of the engine 21.
- the hydraulic pump 23 and the gear pump (pilot pump) 24, and the pressure oil discharged from the gear pump 24, which is reduced in pressure according to the operation amount, are proportionally supplied as control signals for the hydraulic actuators 28, 33, 32a, 32b, 32c.
- the operation lever 26 that outputs to the control valve 25 via the electromagnetic valve 27 and the flow rate and direction of the hydraulic oil introduced from the hydraulic pump 23 to each of the hydraulic actuators 28, 33, 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c are controlled by the operation lever 26 or the proportional
- the control signal (pilot pressure (hereinafter referred to as P )
- controller 20 for calculating a corrected Pi pressure based on the vehicle information and outputting a command voltage capable of generating the corrected Pi pressure to the proportional solenoid valve 27;
- a target plane setting device 50 for inputting information on a target plane as a shape to the controller 20 is provided.
- the torque and flow rate of the hydraulic pump 23 are mechanically controlled so that the vehicle body operates according to a target output (described later) of each of the hydraulic actuators 28, 33, 32a, 32b, and 32c.
- control valves 25 There are the same number of control valves 25 as the number of hydraulic actuators 28, 33, 32a, 32b, 32c to be controlled, but FIG. 2 shows one of them.
- Two Pi pressures act on each control valve to move the internal spool to one or the other in the axial direction. For example, a Pi pressure for raising the boom and a Pi pressure for lowering the boom act on the control valve 25 for the boom cylinder 32a.
- the pressure sensors 41 detect the Pi pressure acting on each control valve 25, and there are twice the number of control valves.
- the pressure sensor 41 is provided immediately below the control valve 25, and detects the Pi pressure that actually acts on the control valve 25.
- proportional solenoid valves 27 Although there are a plurality of proportional solenoid valves 27, they are collectively shown in one block in FIG. There are two types of proportional solenoid valves 27. One is a pressure reducing valve which reduces the Pi pressure input from the operating lever 26 to a desired corrected Pi pressure specified by an output or a command voltage and outputs the same, and the other is a Pi which the operating lever 26 outputs. This is a pressure increasing valve that reduces the Pi pressure input from the gear pump 24 to a desired corrected Pi pressure specified by the command voltage and outputs the Pi pressure when a Pi pressure larger than the pressure is required.
- a pressure reducing valve which reduces the Pi pressure input from the operating lever 26 to a desired corrected Pi pressure specified by an output or a command voltage and outputs the same
- Pi which the operating lever 26 outputs.
- the Pi pressure When a Pi pressure with respect to a certain control valve 25 is required to be higher than the Pi pressure output from the operation lever 26, the Pi pressure is generated via a pressure increasing valve, and the Pi pressure output from the operation lever 26 is generated.
- the Pi pressure When a Pi pressure smaller than the required pressure is required, the Pi pressure is generated via a pressure reducing valve, and when the Pi pressure is not output from the operation lever 26, the Pi pressure is generated via a pressure increasing valve. That is, the pressure reducing valve and the pressure increasing valve allow the Pi pressure having a pressure value different from the Pi pressure (Pi pressure based on the operator's operation) input from the operation lever 26 to act on the control valve 25, and control of the control valve 25
- the desired operation can be performed by the target hydraulic actuator.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ There can be up to two pressure reducing valves and two pressure increasing valves per control valve 25.
- two pressure reducing valves and two pressure increasing valves are provided for the control valve 25 of the boom cylinder 32a, and one pressure reducing valve is provided for the control valve 25 of the arm cylinder 32b.
- a first pressure reducing valve provided in a first conduit for guiding the boom raising Pi pressure from the operation lever 26 to the control valve 25 and the boom raising Pi pressure bypassing the operation lever 26 from the gear pump 24.
- the hydraulic shovel includes a third pressure reducing valve provided in the pipeline.
- the proportional solenoid valve 27 of this embodiment is provided only for the control valve 25 of the boom cylinder 32a and the arm cylinder 32b, and the proportional solenoid valve 27 for the control valve 25 of the other actuators 28, 33, 32c is not exist. Therefore, the bucket cylinder 32c, the turning hydraulic motor 28, and the traveling hydraulic motor 33 are driven based on the Pi pressure output from the operation lever 26.
- the boom cylinder 32a and the arm cylinder 32b are controlled based on the Pi pressure corrected by the proportional solenoid valve 27 in order to operate the front working device 400 according to a predetermined condition while the operation lever 26 is operated. Doing so is sometimes referred to as machine control (MC).
- MC machine control
- a plurality of hydraulic cylinders are set as MCs so that the front working device 400 (the bucket 407 in the present embodiment) is located on or above an arbitrarily set target plane 60 (see FIG. 5).
- Area limit control for controlling at least one of the hydraulic cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c is possible.
- the MC is controlled by the controller 20 to control the operation of the front work device 400 when the operation lever 26 is not operated, whereas the operation of the front work device 400 is controlled only when the operation lever 26 is operated. May be referred to as “semi-automatic control”.
- the controller (control device) 20 has an input unit, a central processing unit (CPU) as a processor, a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM) as storage devices, and an output unit. .
- the input unit converts various information input to the controller 20 so that the CPU can calculate the information.
- the ROM is a recording medium in which a control program for executing the arithmetic processing described later and various kinds of information necessary for executing the arithmetic processing are stored.
- the CPU executes an input unit, the ROM, and the ROM in accordance with the control program stored in the ROM. A predetermined arithmetic processing is performed on the signal taken from the RAM.
- a command for driving the engine 21 at the target rotational speed, a command necessary for applying a command voltage to the proportional solenoid valve 27, and the like are output.
- the storage device is not limited to the above-described semiconductor memory such as ROM and RAM, but can be replaced with a magnetic storage device such as a hard disk drive.
- the controller 20 includes an ECU 22, a plurality of pressure sensors 41, two GNSS antennas 40, a bucket IMU 38, an arm IMU 37, a boom IMU 36, a vehicle body IMU 39, and hydraulic actuators 28, 33, 32a, 32b, A plurality of pressure sensors 42 for detecting the pressure of 32c, a plurality of speed sensors 43 for detecting the operating speed of each hydraulic actuator 28, 33, 32a, 32b, 32c, and a target surface setting device 50 are connected. ing.
- the controller 20 calculates the position and orientation (azimuth) target plane 60 of the revolving superstructure 402 and the front working device 400 in the global coordinate system (geographic coordinate system) based on the input signals from the two GNSS antennas 40, and calculates the bucket IMU 38,
- the attitude of the front working device 400 is calculated based on input signals from the arm IMU 37, the boom IMU 36, and the vehicle body IMU 39. That is, in the present embodiment, the GNSS antenna 40 functions as a position sensor, and the bucket IMU 38, arm IMU 37, boom IMU 36, and vehicle body IMU 39 function as posture sensors.
- a stroke sensor is used as the speed sensor 43 of the hydraulic cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c.
- each hydraulic cylinder 32a, 32b, 32c is provided with a bottom pressure detection sensor and a rod pressure detection sensor.
- the pressure sensor 42 for detecting the bottom pressure of the boom cylinder 32a may be referred to as a boom bottom pressure sensor 42BBP
- the pressure sensor 42 for detecting the rod pressure of the boom cylinder 32a may be referred to as a boom rod pressure sensor 42BRP.
- the means and method used in calculating the vehicle body position, the attitude of the front working device 400, the pressure of each actuator, and the speed of each actuator described in this document are merely examples, and known calculation means and methods can be used. .
- the target plane setting device 50 is an interface capable of inputting information on the target plane 60 (see FIGS. 3 and 5) (including position information and tilt angle information of each target plane).
- the target plane setting device 50 is connected to an external terminal (not shown) that stores the three-dimensional data of the target plane defined on the global coordinate system (geographic coordinate system), and receives the target plane input from the external terminal.
- the information is stored in the storage device in the controller 20 via the target plane setting device 50.
- the input of the target plane via the target plane setting device 50 may be manually performed by the operator.
- the jack-up (jack-up state) of the vehicle body 1 ⁇ / b> A means that the rear end of the traveling body 401 (the end farther from the working device 400) and the bucket 407 respectively contact the ground, and the traveling body 401 Shows a state in which the front end (the end closer to the working device 400) is floating in the air.
- the inclination angle of the traveling body 401 (the vehicle body 1A) with respect to the ground is called a jack-up angle ⁇ .
- the jack-up angle ⁇ is zero, the bottom surface of the traveling body 401 is in contact with the ground over the entire area.
- the orientation of the revolving unit 402 and the traveling unit 401 may be opposite to the illustrated direction or the lateral direction depending on the working posture.
- the inclination angle of the traveling body 401 with respect to the ground is defined as a jack-up angle ⁇ .
- the calculation is performed on the assumption that the distance between the front idler and the sprocket of the traveling body 401 and the distance between the left and right crawler tracks are the same.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram (functional block diagram) showing the contents of a program executed by the controller 20.
- the controller 20 includes a position calculation unit 740, a target surface distance calculation unit 700, a target operation speed calculation unit 710, an operation command value generation unit 720, a drive command unit 730, a cylinder pressure detection Unit 810, vehicle body pitch angle detecting unit 820, front attitude detecting unit 830, jack-up determining unit 910, jack-up angle calculating unit 920, target jack-up angle determining unit 930, and command value correction amount calculating unit 940.
- the position calculation unit 740 calculates the position and orientation of the revolving unit 402 and the work apparatus 400 in the global coordinate system from signals (navigation signals) received by the two GNSS antennas 40.
- the vehicle body pitch angle detection unit 820 detects and calculates a pitch angle (inclination angle) of the revolving unit 402 based on the acceleration signal and the angular velocity signal obtained from the vehicle body IMU 39 attached to the revolving unit 402.
- the front posture detection unit 830 estimates the postures of the boom 405, the arm 406, and the bucket 407 based on the acceleration signal and the angular velocity signal obtained from the boom IMU 36, the arm IMU 37, and the bucket IMU 38.
- the target plane distance calculation unit 700 detects the position and orientation of the revolving unit 402 and the working device 400 calculated by the position calculation unit 740, the pitch angle of the revolving unit 402 calculated by the vehicle body pitch angle detection unit 820, and detects the front attitude.
- the posture of each of the front members 405, 406, and 407 calculated by the unit 830 and the three-dimensional shape of the target surface 60 input from the target surface setting device 50 are input.
- the target plane distance calculation unit 700 obtains a cross-sectional view of a target plane obtained when the three-dimensional target plane 60 is cut by a plane parallel to the pivot axis of the revolving unit 402 and passing through the center of gravity of the bucket 407 from the input information.
- a distance (target surface distance) D between the toe position of the bucket 407 and the target surface 60 is calculated in this cross section.
- the distance D is the distance between the intersection of the perpendicular drawn from the toe of the bucket 407 to the target surface 60 and this cross section and the toe (tip) of the bucket 407.
- the target operation speed calculation unit 710 includes a plurality of target operation speed calculation units 710 necessary to operate the working device 400 such that the toe 407a of the bucket 407 moves along the target surface 60 (that is, necessary to execute the region restriction control).
- a target value (target operation speed) Vt of the speed of at least one of the hydraulic cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c is calculated.
- the operator only operates the arm 406 with the operation lever 26 during the excavation work of the working device 400 (that is, the operator does not operate the boom 405 and the bucket 407).
- the case where the bucket toe 407a is moved along the target surface 60 by correcting the velocity vector V1 generated at the bucket toe 407a by the arm operation only by the operation of the boom cylinder 32a by the MC will be described.
- the target operation speed calculation unit 710 calculates a component of the speed vector of the bucket toe 407a perpendicular to the target surface 60 (hereinafter, a “vertical component”).
- a vertical component a component of the speed vector of the bucket toe 407a perpendicular to the target surface 60
- the limit value means a lower limit value, and a value smaller than the limit value is set as the limit value.
- the speed limit vertical component V1'y is 0 when the distance D is 0, and is set so as to monotonously decrease as the distance D increases. When the distance D exceeds a predetermined value d1, - ⁇ Once set, there is virtually no limit (ie, a velocity vector of any vertical component can be output).
- the method of determining the speed limit vertical component V1'y is not limited to the table shown in FIG. 6, but may be any method in which the speed limit vertical component V1'y monotonically decreases at least in a range from 0 to a predetermined positive value. Can be replaced if necessary.
- the target operation speed calculation unit 710 determines the speed of each of the hydraulic cylinders 32a, 32b, and 33c (the speed of each of the hydraulic cylinders 32a, 32b, and 33c based on the operator's operation). Speed). This calculation can use, for example, a correlation table for converting the operation amount of the operation lever 26 into the cylinder speed. Then, taking into account the attitude information of the work apparatus 400 input from the front attitude detection section 830 and the pitch angle information of the vehicle body 1A input from the vehicle body pitch angle detection section 820, this hydraulic cylinder 32a, A speed vector V1 that causes the speeds of 32b and 33c to be generated at the tip of the bucket is calculated. In this embodiment, since only the arm cylinder 32b is operated by the operation lever 26, the speed vector V1 is generated on the bucket toe 407a only by the operation of the arm cylinder 32b.
- the velocity vector V2 is generated by the MC at the bucket toe 407a, and the V2 is added to the velocity vector V1 of the bucket toe 407a. Is corrected to the target speed vertical component V1′y, and the toe speed vector of the bucket 407 is corrected to V1 ′.
- the target operation speed calculation section 710 of the present embodiment generates the speed vector V2 only by the operation of the boom cylinder 32a (boom raising operation). Then, the target operation speed calculation unit 710 calculates the corrected target speed of each of the cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c as the target operation speed Vt.
- the speeds (Voa, Vob, Voc) of the cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c before correction are (0, Vb1, 0), and the speed (target operation speed Vta) of the boom cylinder 32a after correction is Va1.
- the target operation speeds (Vta, Vtb, Vtc) of the cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c are (Va1, Vb1, 0).
- the vector V1 is input from the front attitude detector 830, and the cylinder speed information of each of the hydraulic cylinders 32a, 32b, 33c calculated from the operation signal (operation amount) input from the pressure sensor 44.
- This is a pre-correction toe speed vector of the bucket tip calculated from the posture information and the vehicle body pitch angle information input from the vehicle body pitch angle detection unit 820. Since the direction of the vertical component of the vector V1 is the same as the direction of the target speed vertical component V1'y, and the magnitude thereof exceeds the limit value V1'y, the velocity vector V2 generated by raising the boom is added.
- the vector V1 must be corrected so that the vertical component of the corrected bucket toe speed vector becomes V1'y.
- the direction of the vector V2 is a tangential direction of a circle whose radius is the distance from the rotation center of the boom 405 to the bucket toe 407a, and can be calculated from the attitude of the front working device 400 at that time. Then, a vector having the calculated direction and having such a magnitude that the vertical component of the corrected vector V1 'becomes V1'y by adding to the vector V1 before correction is determined as V2.
- the magnitude of V2 may be obtained by applying the cosine theorem using the magnitude of V1 and V1 'and the angle ⁇ between V1 and V1'.
- the vertical component of the toe speed vector gradually approaches 0 as the bucket toe 407a approaches the target surface 60. Of the toe 407a can be prevented from entering the lower part of the toe.
- the operation command value generation unit 720 corresponds to each of the cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c in order to operate each of the cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c at the target operation speed (Vta, Vtb, Vtc) calculated by the target operation speed calculation unit 710.
- the correction Pi pressure (operation command value Pi) to be output to the control valve 25 is calculated.
- Vta, Vtb, Vtc target operation speed
- Vtc correction amount
- the correction amount Vc may be calculated only for the target operating speed Vta of the boom cylinder 32a, but the target operating speeds Vtb and Vtc of the remaining arm cylinder 32b and the bucket cylinder 32c are not corrected. Absent.
- the drive command unit 730 generates a control current required for driving the proportional solenoid valve 27 based on the corrected Pi pressure generated by the operation command value generation unit 720, and outputs the control current to the proportional solenoid valve 27.
- the correction Pi pressure acts on the control valve 25, the cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c operate at the target operating speed Vt (Vta, Vtb, Vtc), and when the correction amount Vc is zero (the jack-up angle ⁇ becomes smaller).
- the bucket toe 407a operates so as to draw a locus above the case where the correction amount Vc is zero. Therefore, when the correction amount Vc exists in the target operation speed Vta of the boom cylinder 32a, the operation is such that the jack-up angle ⁇ becomes smaller and approaches the target value ⁇ t.
- the cylinder pressure detector 810 receives pressure signals of the bottom pressure sensor 42BBP and the rod pressure sensor 42BRP attached to the bottom hydraulic chamber and the rod hydraulic chamber of the boom cylinder 32a, respectively, and receives the bottom pressure of the boom cylinder 32a. Pbb and rod pressure Pbr are detected.
- the jack-up determination unit 910 includes a target operation speed Vt obtained from the target operation speed calculation unit 710, cylinder pressure information (rod pressure Pbr and bottom pressure Pbb of the boom cylinder 32a) obtained from the cylinder pressure detection unit 810, and a vehicle body pitch. Based on the vehicle body pitch angle information obtained from the angle detection unit 820, it is determined whether or not the excavator 1 is in a jack-up state. Next, the details of this determination method will be described.
- the determination whether the hydraulic excavator 1 is in the jack-up state is performed using the target operating speed Vt, the rod pressure Pbr and the bottom pressure Pbb of the boom cylinder, and the vehicle body pitch angle information.
- the pressure of the boom cylinder 32a is higher at the bottom pressure Pbb than at the rod pressure Pbr (that is, Pbb> Pbr).
- the thrust of the entire cylinder is determined in proportion to the pressure receiving area of the bottom hydraulic chamber and the rod hydraulic chamber, but here it is assumed that the pressure receiving area of the bottom hydraulic chamber and the rod hydraulic chamber are the same. I will explain.
- the threshold value P1 of the differential pressure at this time is obtained from the supporting force for supporting the mass of each part constituting the hydraulic excavator 1 and the thrust of the boom cylinder 32a calculated from the bottom pressure Pbb of the boom cylinder 32a and the rod pressure Pbr.
- the bottom pressure Pbb and the rod pressure Pbr of the boom cylinder 32a when the vehicle body 1A is actually jacked up may be measured and obtained from the differential pressure.
- the bottom pressure at the time of jacking up may be measured in advance by an experiment, and the jack up may be determined when the bottom pressure is lower than the measured value. Note that the threshold value P1 can be set to zero.
- the above method can correctly determine that the vehicle body 1A is jacked up in a static state.
- the boom 405 is suddenly moved downward from a state of being stopped in the air, only the bottom pressure Pbb of the boom cylinder 32a may suddenly decrease for a short time due to the structure of the hydraulic system.
- the bottom pressure of the boom cylinder 32a becomes smaller than the rod pressure, and the vehicle body 1A may be erroneously determined to be in the jack-up state.
- the first judgment is that the pressure difference between the bottom side and the rod side of the boom cylinder 32a is maintained until a predetermined time T1 elapses after the boom lowering operation is input to the operation lever 26 and the lowering operation of the boom 405 is started. Is smaller than the threshold value P1, it is determined that the vehicle body 1A is not jacked up.
- the time T1 can be determined based on the time when the bottom pressure Pbb suddenly decreases due to the boom lowering operation and the possibility of erroneous determination is measured in advance, and based on the measured time.
- Another determination utilizes the fact that the pitch angle of the excavator 1 changes slightly when the bucket 407 touches the ground. That is, it is determined whether or not the amount of change in the vehicle body pitch angle is equal to or more than a predetermined amount (change amount threshold value) ⁇ 1 from the start of the lowering operation of the boom 405 to the elapse of the predetermined time T1. When there is a change equal to or more than the fixed amount ⁇ 1, it is determined that the vehicle body 1A is jacked up.
- a predetermined amount change amount threshold value
- the jack-up angle calculating section 920 calculates the jack-up angle ⁇ of the hydraulic shovel 1 based on the jack-up state information of the hydraulic shovel 1 obtained from the jack-up determining section 910 and the vehicle body pitch angle information obtained from the vehicle body pitch angle detecting section 820. Is calculated.
- the jack-up determination unit 910 determines whether or not the vehicle body IMU (inclination angle sensor) 39 immediately before the time when the determination that the jack-up state is not made is made to the determination that the jack-up state is made.
- a vehicle body pitch angle calculated based on a detected value is regarded as an inclination angle of the ground, and a deviation between the inclination angle and a current inclination angle is set as a jack-up angle ⁇ .
- the shape of the ground can be measured with a stereo camera or a laser scanner and the inclination angle of the ground can be obtained, the deviation between the inclination angle and the vehicle body pitch angle can be used as the jack-up angle ⁇ .
- the jack-up angle ⁇ can be calculated.
- the target jack-up angle determination unit 930 determines the target jack-up angle ⁇ t of the excavator 1 based on the target operation speed Vt obtained from the target operation speed calculation unit 710 and the posture information obtained from the front posture detection unit 830. In the present embodiment, the target jack-up angle ⁇ t is changed according to the angle (posture) of the arm 406.
- FIG. 7 shows a change in the vehicle body pitch angle when a skilled operator is excavating hard soil.
- the jack-up angle ⁇ at the start of excavation is large and the jack-up angle ⁇ at the end of excavation is small.
- the reason for this is that the jack-up is increased at the beginning of digging, and the operator grasps the state of the soil and feels the digging power, which affects operability.
- no jack-up is performed in order to improve the work efficiency by enabling a prompt transition to the transport operation by the boom raising operation subsequent to the excavation operation.
- the target jack-up angle ⁇ t of the present embodiment was set to a maximum of 6 degrees at the start of excavation, and set to 0 degrees (a state in which jack-up was not performed) at the end of excavation.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a correlation table defining a correlation between the arm angle and the target jack-up angle ⁇ t in the present embodiment.
- the table 1 on the left in the figure is a correlation table for an arm pulling operation
- the table 2 on the right is a correlation table for an arm pushing operation.
- the “arm angle” indicated by the horizontal axis of each table is defined as the minimum angle of the arm 406 when the tip of the arm 406 is folded closest to the boom 405 (when the length of the arm cylinder 32b is extended to the maximum).
- the left table in FIG. 9 defines the target jack-up angle when the pulling operation of the arm is input to the operation lever 26, and the posture of the arm 406 is such that the distal end of the arm 406 is in the vehicle body 1A.
- the target jack-up angle ⁇ t is set to be smaller as the posture is closer (that is, as the length of the arm cylinder 32b is longer).
- the table on the right side of FIG. 9 defines the target jack-up angle when the push operation of the arm is input to the operation lever 26, and the posture of the arm 406 is such that the distal end of the arm 406 is in the body 1A.
- the target jack-up angle ⁇ t is set to increase as the posture is closer (that is, as the length of the arm cylinder 32b increases).
- the arm angle can be calculated from the detection value of the arm IMU 37, and the arm cylinder length can be calculated from the detection value of the stroke sensor (speed sensor 43).
- the two tables in FIG. 9 can calculate the target jack-up angle by using one of the arm angle and the arm cylinder length.
- the start and end of the excavation are determined by the arm operation amount (detected value of the pressure sensor 44), the stroke information of the arm cylinder 32b obtained from the detected value of the stroke sensor (speed sensor 43), and the jack-up determination unit 910 The determination can be made by using the up state determination result.
- the excavation operation the excavation is started in a state where the arm cylinder 32b is shortened (the working device 400 is extended), and the excavation is ended in a state where the arm cylinder 32b is extended (the working device 400 is folded) by the arm pulling operation. .
- the target jack-up angle is obtained by linearly interpolating the target angles of the excavation start state and the excavation end state (ie, 6 degrees and 0 degrees) according to the stroke of the arm cylinder 32b. ⁇ t.
- the command value correction amount calculation unit 940 compares the target jack-up angle information obtained from the jack-up angle determination unit 930 with the jack-up angle information obtained from the jack-up angle calculation unit 920, and calculates the hydraulic shovel from the target jack-up angle ⁇ t.
- the actual jack-up angle (actual jack-up angle) ⁇ is large, the jack-up angle ⁇ approaches the target jack-up angle ⁇ t in accordance with the target operating speed Vt (the target operating speed Vta of the boom cylinder 32a).
- the correction amount Vc is calculated and output to the operation command value generation section 720.
- the correction amount Vc is set to 0 and the Pi pressure is not corrected.
- the target operation speed Vta of the boom cylinder 32a calculated by the target operation speed calculator 710 (boom cylinder speed in the boom raising direction). What is necessary is just to operate so that the bucket 407 may be separated from the ground faster by increasing the speed. Therefore, when the actual jack-up angle ⁇ is larger than the target jack-up angle ⁇ t, the target operation speed Vt (Vta) of the boom cylinder 32a is multiplied by a constant K (Vt) as shown in Expression (1). The correction amount Vc is calculated. As a result, when the vehicle body 1A is excessively jacked up, the boom raising speed is increased, and the jackup angle ⁇ is reduced.
- the constant value K (Vt) for increasing the boom raising speed may be obtained experimentally in advance, or determined as a variable value according to the arm operation amount, the distance from the target surface, the target operation speed Vt, and the like. May be.
- a function K (Vt) corresponding to the target operation speed Vt is used because correction by the target operation speed Vt is necessary due to the characteristics of the hydraulic system.
- the correction amount Vc is added to the target operation speed Vt calculated by the target operation speed calculation unit 710, and the corrected Pi pressure is calculated by the function F (Vt). Is converted.
- the function F (Vt) is a function based on the target operation speed Vt.
- Vc Vt ⁇ K (Vt) [Jack-up angle> Target jack-up angle] ... Equation (1)
- Vc 0 [jack-up angle ⁇ target jack-up angle] ... Equation (2)
- Pi (Vt + Vc) ⁇ F (Vt) ... Equation (3) ⁇ Control procedure> A processing flow executed by the controller 20 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG.
- the controller 20 starts the processing in FIG. 8 when the pressure sensor 44 confirms that the operation signal for pushing or pulling the arm 406 or the operation signal for lowering the boom has been output via the operation lever 26, and proceeds to step S10. Proceed to.
- step S10 the jack-up determination unit 910 resets the time t to zero, starts measuring the time t, and proceeds to step S110.
- step S110 the jack-up determination unit 910 determines whether the change amount of the vehicle body pitch angle within the time t is equal to or more than the predetermined amount ⁇ 1. If the vehicle body pitch angle has changed by the predetermined amount ⁇ 1 or more, it is determined that the vehicle body 1A may have been in a jack-up state due to the boom lowering operation, and the process proceeds to step S130. If there is only a change in the vehicle body pitch angle smaller than the predetermined amount ⁇ 1 within the time t, the process proceeds to step S120.
- step S120 the jack-up determination unit 910 determines whether a predetermined time T1 has elapsed since the start of the measurement of the time t in step S10. If it is determined that the time T1 has elapsed (t> T1), the process proceeds to step S130. On the other hand, if it is determined that the time T1 has not elapsed, the process returns to step S110.
- step S130 the jack-up determination unit 910 determines whether the difference (differential pressure) between the bottom pressure Pbb of the boom cylinder 32a and the rod pressure Pbr is smaller than a predetermined threshold value P1 (that is, Pbb-Pbr ⁇ P1). Is determined. If the differential pressure is smaller than the threshold value P1, the process proceeds to step S150. Conversely, if the differential pressure is equal to or greater than the threshold value P1, it is determined that no jack-up has occurred, and the process proceeds to step S320.
- a predetermined threshold value P1 that is, Pbb-Pbr ⁇ P1.
- step S130 it is preferable to perform the determination of step S130 from the start to the end of the excavation operation in the case where the process has passed through step S120. That is, if YES is determined in step S120 and NO is subsequently determined in step S130, the jack-up determination unit 910 determines the presence or absence of an arm operation based on the detection value of the pressure sensor 44, and determines whether the arm operation is performed. It is preferable to return to step S130 when the operation is continued, and to proceed to step S320 when the arm operation is completed.
- step S150 the jack-up determination unit 910 determines that the vehicle body 1A is jacking up, and proceeds to step S160.
- step S160 the jack-up angle calculation unit 920 stores the vehicle body pitch angle immediately before the jack-up is determined in step S150, and calculates the vehicle body pitch angle from the difference between the stored vehicle body pitch angle and the vehicle body pitch angle at that time.
- the jack-up angle ⁇ of 1A is calculated.
- step S210 the target jack-up angle determination unit 930 determines whether the arm operation is a pull operation based on the operation signal detected by the pressure sensor 44. If the arm operation is a pull operation, the process proceeds to step S220. If the arm operation is a push operation, the process proceeds to step S230.
- jack-up occurs due to boom lowering (that is, when YES is determined in step S110 and YES is also determined in step S130), an operation of pulling the arm or pushing the arm is input after lowering the boom. There is no particular problem because it is normal
- step S220 the target jack-up angle determination unit 930 determines the target jack-up angle ⁇ t according to the arm angle at that time with reference to Table 1 in FIG.
- step S230 the target jack-up angle determination unit 930 determines the target jack-up angle ⁇ t according to the arm angle at that time with reference to Table 2 in FIG.
- step S240 the command value correction amount calculation unit 940 determines whether the jack-up angle ⁇ calculated in step S160 is larger than the target jack-up angle ⁇ t determined in step S220 or S230. If it is larger than the target jack-up angle ⁇ t, the process proceeds to step S310. On the other hand, if it is equal to or smaller than the target jack-up angle ⁇ t, the process proceeds to step S320.
- step S310 the command value correction amount calculation unit 940 calculates a correction amount Vc related to the speed of the boom cylinder 32a based on Expression (1), and uses the correction amount Vc, the target operating speed Vt, and Expression (3). Then, the corrected Pi pressure of the boom cylinder 32a is calculated, and the process proceeds to step S330.
- the corrected Pi pressure is calculated from the target operating speed Vt for the speeds of the arm cylinder 32b and the bucket cylinder 32c.
- step S320 the command value correction amount calculation unit 940 sets the correction amount Vc related to the speed of the boom cylinder 32a to zero based on Expression (2), and uses the target operation speed Vt and Expression (3) to calculate the correction value of the boom cylinder 32a.
- the corrected Pi pressure is calculated, and the process proceeds to step S330. In this case, the correction Pi pressure is not corrected.
- the corrected Pi pressure is calculated from the target operating speed Vt for the speeds of the arm cylinder 32b and the bucket cylinder 32c.
- step S330 drive command section 730 calculates a control current for outputting corrected Pi pressure calculated in step S310 or S320 by proportional solenoid valve 27, and outputs the control current to corresponding proportional solenoid valve 27. Accordingly, the corresponding hydraulic cylinders 32a, 32b, 32c are driven.
- the flow in FIG. 8 is started when an arm operation or a boom lowering operation is performed.
- the flow may be started with only the boom lowering operation as a trigger.
- the arm operation determination process is performed in step S210. This is because the arm operation is input before the operation is performed, and it is considered that the determination in step S210 will not be affected.
- the target value of the jack-up angle is set to be smaller as the angle of the arm becomes smaller (that is, as the excavation operation approaches the end) in accordance with the tendency of the jack-up angle when the skilled operator excavates hard soil.
- the actual jack-up angle is configured to semi-automatically approach the target value by the MC according to the progress of the excavation operation.
- the excavating force can be maximized as much as possible, so that hard soil can be excavated efficiently.
- digging can be performed at a jack-up angle equivalent to that of a skilled operator irrespective of the skill of the operator, so it can be expected that an unskilled operator can effectively dig hard soil.
- the skilled operator can adjust the excavating force by his / her own operation in the range where the actual jack-up angle is equal to or less than the target value, so that the operability does not decrease. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the operability of the operator in the jack-up state can be favorably maintained in the hydraulic shovel in which the area restriction control (MC) is executed.
- MC area restriction control
- the target jack-up angle is set to be relatively large at the start of excavation, and set at the end of excavation so that the target jack-up angle approaches zero. Since the transport operation can be started immediately, a decrease in work efficiency can be prevented.
- the target jack-up angle ⁇ t is preferably set to be smaller as the target surface distance D becomes smaller as shown in FIG. If the vehicle body 1A is jacked up too much, the soil may suddenly become soft and may dig too much from the target surface 60, and when the excavation is completed, it may not be possible to immediately shift to the transport operation, and the work efficiency may be reduced.
- the target jack-up angle ⁇ t is set as described above, when the target surface distance D is small and the distance between the target surface 60 and the bucket toe 407a is short, the target jack-up angle ⁇ t is set to be small and the jack-up angle to be implemented is reduced.
- the jacking-up can increase the excavating force, which can improve the working efficiency.
- the command value correction amount calculating section 940 calculates the correction amount Vc for the target operating speed Vt of the MC cylinder.
- steps S10, S110, and S120 in FIG. 8 described above can be omitted.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and includes various modifications without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to one having all the configurations described in the above embodiment, but also includes one in which a part of the configuration is deleted. Further, a part of the configuration according to one embodiment can be added to or replaced by the configuration according to another embodiment.
- control device 20 for each configuration related to the above-described control device (controller 20) and the function and execution processing of each configuration, part or all of them are implemented by hardware (for example, logic for executing each function is designed by an integrated circuit, etc.).
- the configuration according to the above control device may be a program (software) that is read and executed by an arithmetic processing device (for example, a CPU) to realize each function according to the configuration of the control device.
- Information relating to the program can be stored in, for example, a semiconductor memory (flash memory, SSD, etc.), a magnetic storage device (hard disk drive, etc.), a recording medium (magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.), and the like.
- control lines and the information lines are understood to be necessary for the description of the embodiment, but all the control lines and the information lines related to the product are not necessarily required. Does not necessarily mean that In fact, it can be considered that almost all components are interconnected.
- SYMBOLS 1 Hydraulic excavator, 20 ... Controller (control device), 21 ... Engine, 21c ... Bucket cylinder, 22 ... Engine control unit (ECU), 23 ... Hydraulic pump, 24 ... Gear pump (pilot pump), 25 ... Control valve, 26 ... operating lever (operating device), 27 ... proportional solenoid valve, 28 ... swing hydraulic motor, 32a ... boom cylinder, 32b ... arm cylinder, 32c ... bucket cylinder, 33 ... traveling hydraulic motor, 40 ... antenna, 41 ... pressure sensor, 42 ... pressure sensor, 42BBP ... boom bottom pressure sensor, 42BBP ... boom bottom pressure sensor, 43 ... speed sensor, 44 ... pressure sensor, 50 ...
- target surface setting device 51 ... engine control dial, 60 ... target surface, 400 ... front Working device (working device), 401 ... running , 402: Revolving body, 403: Driver's seat, 405: Boom, 406: Arm, 407: Bucket, 407a: Bucket toe, 700: Target surface distance calculation unit, 710: Target operation speed calculation unit, 720: Operation command value generation Unit, 730: drive command unit, 740: position calculation unit, 810: cylinder pressure detection unit, 820: body pitch angle detection unit, 830: front attitude detection unit, 910: jack-up determination unit, 920: jack-up angle calculation unit , 930: target jack-up angle determination unit, 940: command value correction amount calculation unit
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Abstract
Description
<対象装置>
図1は本発明の実施の形態に係る油圧ショベルの概略構成図である。図1において,油圧ショベルは,クローラ式の走行体401と,走行体401の上部に旋回可能に取り付けられた旋回体402を備えている。走行体401は,走行油圧モータ33によって駆動される。旋回体402は,旋回油圧モータ28の発生するトルクによって駆動され,左右方向に旋回する。
図3に示すように、車体1Aのジャッキアップ(ジャッキアップ状態)とは,走行体401の後端(作業装置400から遠い方の端部)とバケット407がそれぞれ地面に接地し、走行体401の前端(作業装置400に近い方の端部)が空中に浮きがっている状態を示す。このとき、地面に対する走行体401(車体1A)の傾斜角度をジャッキアップ角度φと言う。ジャッキアップ角度φが零の場合は、走行体401の底面が全域にわたって接地している状態である。
図4はコントローラ20によって実行されるプログラムの内容をブロックで示した図(機能ブロック図)である。この図に示すように、コントローラ20は、位置演算部740と、目標面距離演算部700と、目標動作速度演算部710と、動作指令値生成部720と、駆動指令部730と、シリンダ圧検出部810と、車体ピッチ角度検出部820と、フロント姿勢検出部830と、ジャッキアップ判定部910と、ジャッキアップ角度演算部920と、目標ジャッキアップ角度決定部930と、指令値補正量演算部940として機能する。
ジャッキアップ判定部910は、目標動作速度演算部710から得られる目標動作速度Vtと、シリンダ圧検出部810から得られるシリンダ圧情報(ブームシリンダ32aのロッド圧Pbrとボトム圧Pbb)と、車体ピッチ角度検出部820から得られる車体ピッチ角度情報とに基づいて、油圧ショベル1がジャッキアップ状態にあるか否かを判定する。次にこの判定方法の詳細について説明する。
目標ジャッキアップ角度決定部930では、目標動作速度演算部710から得られる目標動作速度Vtと、フロント姿勢検出部830から得られる姿勢情報に基づいて油圧ショベル1の目標ジャッキアップ角度φtを決定する。本実施形態では、アーム406の角度(姿勢)に応じて目標ジャッキアップ角度φtを変化させる構成とした。
指令値補正量演算部940では、ジャッキアップ角度決定部930から得られる目標ジャッキアップ角度情報と、ジャッキアップ角度演算部920から得られるジャッキアップ角度情報を比較し、目標ジャッキアップ角度φtより油圧ショベル1の実際のジャッキアップ角度(実ジャッキアップ角度)φが大きい場合には、ジャッキアップ角度φが目標ジャッキアップ角度φtに近づくように目標動作速度Vt(ブームシリンダ32aの目標動作速度Vta)に応じた補正量Vcを演算して動作指令値生成部720に出力する。反対に実際のジャッキアップ角度φが目標ジャッキアップ角度φt以下の場合には補正量Vcを0としてPi圧の補正は行わない。次に補正量Vcの具体的な求め方について説明する。
Vc= Vt × K(Vt) [ジャッキアップ角度>目標ジャッキアップ角度]
・・・式(1)
Vc= 0 [ジャッキアップ角度≦目標ジャッキアップ角度]
・・・式(2)
Pi =(Vt+Vc) × F(Vt)
・・・式(3)
<制御手順>
上記のように構成されるコントローラ20によって実行される処理フローについて図8を用いて説明する。
以上のように構成した本実施形態の油圧ショベルにおいて、アーム405を引き操作して掘削動作を開始した場合に、土壌が硬く車体1Aにジャッキアップが生じた場合には、そのジャッキアップ角度φが目標値(目標ジャッキアップ角度)φtを超えるまではジャッキアップ角度を小さくするMCは実行されない。そのため、ジャッキアップ角度が目標値を超えるまでの間は、オペレータはジャッキアップ角度の大小から掘削力の状態(土壌の硬さの状態)を直感的に把握することができるとともに、自身の操作によって掘削力を調整することができる。そして、ジャッキアップ角度の目標値は、熟練オペレータが硬い土壌を掘削する場合のジャッキアップ角度の傾向に合わせてアームの角度が小さくなるほど(すなわち、掘削動作が終了に近づくほど)小さくなるように設定されており、掘削動作の進捗に合わせて実際のジャッキアップ角度がMCによって半自動的に目標値に近づくように構成されている。これにより掘削の開始時には掘削力を可能な範囲で最大化できるので、硬い土壌を効率良く掘削できる。また、オペレータの技量に関わらず熟練オペレータと同等のジャッキアップ角度で掘削できるようになるので、未熟なオペレータでも硬い土壌を効果的に掘削できるようになることが期待できる。また、熟練オペレータについては実際のジャッキアップ角度が目標値以下の範囲では自身の操作によって掘削力を調整できるので操作性が低下することもない。したがって、本実施形態によれば、領域制限制御(MC)が実行される油圧ショベルにおいてジャッキアップ状態時のオペレータの操作性を良好に保持できる。
ところで、目標ジャッキアップ角度φtは、図10に示すように目標面距離Dが小さくなるほど小さく設定することが好ましい。車体1Aがジャッキアップし過ぎると土壌が急激に柔らかくなったときに目標面60より掘り過ぎるおそれや、掘削が終了するときに運搬動作へすぐに移行できず、作業効率が低下するおそれがあるが、このように目標ジャッキアップ角度φtを設定すると、目標面距離Dが小さく目標面60とバケット爪先407aの距離が近い場合には、目標ジャッキアップ角度φtが小さく設定されて実施のジャッキアップ角度が抑えられるので、目標面60を掘り過ぎてしまうという事態の発生を防止できる。また、目標面距離Dが大きく目標面60とバケット爪先407aの距離が離れている場合には、ジャッキアップにより掘削力を増大でき、作業効率の向上が見込める。
上記ではコントローラ20が実行する領域制限制御の説明を簡単にするために掘削作業時にアーム操作のみをすることを前提とした箇所があるが、コントローラ20が実行する処理やプログラム(図4のコントローラ20内の各部)はブーム操作やバケット操作があっても領域制限制御が正常に機能するように構成されていることはいうまでもない。
Claims (9)
- 走行体及び旋回体からなる車体と、
ブーム及びアームを有し、前記旋回体に取り付けられた作業装置と、
油圧ポンプから吐出される作動油によって駆動され、前記作業装置を動作させる複数の油圧シリンダと、
オペレータの操作に応じて前記作業装置の動作を指示する操作装置と、
前記操作装置が操作されている間、任意に設定された目標面上またはその上方に前記作業装置が位置するように、前記複数の油圧シリンダのうち少なくとも1つの油圧シリンダを制御する領域制限制御を実行する制御装置とを備える作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記領域制限制御の実行中に、地面に対する前記車体の傾斜角度であるジャッキアップ角度が予め設定された目標値より大きい場合、前記ジャッキアップ角度が前記目標値に近づくように前記少なくとも1つの油圧シリンダの制御を補正し、
前記目標値は、前記アームの姿勢に応じて変化するように設定されていることを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記操作装置に前記アームの引き操作が入力されている場合、前記アームの姿勢が前記アームの先端部が前記車体に近い姿勢であるほど、前記目標値を小さく設定することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記操作装置に前記アームの押し操作が入力されている場合、前記アームの姿勢が前記アームの先端部が前記車体に近い姿勢であるほど、前記目標値を大きく設定することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記操作装置に前記アームの引き操作が入力されている場合、前記複数の油圧シリンダのうち前記アームを駆動するアームシリンダの長さが伸びるほど前記目標値を小さく設定することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記操作装置に前記アームの押し操作が入力されている場合、前記複数の油圧シリンダのうち前記アームを駆動するアームシリンダの長さが伸びるほど前記目標値を大きく設定することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、さらに、前記作業装置と前記目標面の距離が近づくほど、前記目標値を小さく設定することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記操作装置により前記ブームの下げ操作が開始されてから所定の時間が経過した後に、前記複数の油圧シリンダのうち前記ブームを駆動するブームシリンダのボトム圧とロッド圧の差が所定の圧力しきい値より小さいとき、前記車体がジャッキアップ状態であることを判定することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項7の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記操作装置により前記ブームの下げ操作が開始されてから所定の時間が経過するまでの間に、前記車体の傾斜角の変化量が所定の変化量しきい値以上となり、かつ、前記複数の油圧シリンダのうち前記ブームを駆動するブームシリンダのボトム圧とロッド圧の差が所定の圧力しきい値より小さいとき、前記車体がジャッキアップ状態であることを判定することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において、
前記車体の傾斜角を検出する傾斜角センサをさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記車体とジャッキアップ状態であると判定された時刻の直前における前記傾斜角センサの検出値に基づいて前記ジャッキアップ角度を演算すること特徴とする作業機械。
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| US16/645,505 US11352761B2 (en) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | Work machine with jacked-up state control |
| KR1020207004933A KR102413885B1 (ko) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | 작업 기계 |
| JP2020509565A JP6872666B2 (ja) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | 作業機械 |
| EP18932319.9A EP3848515B1 (en) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | Work machine |
| CN201880054990.3A CN111148879B (zh) | 2018-09-03 | 2018-09-03 | 作业机械 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP3848515A4 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
| KR102413885B1 (ko) | 2022-06-28 |
| US11352761B2 (en) | 2022-06-07 |
| EP3848515A1 (en) | 2021-07-14 |
| EP3848515B1 (en) | 2024-01-10 |
| CN111148879A (zh) | 2020-05-12 |
| US20210148082A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
| JPWO2020049623A1 (ja) | 2020-09-10 |
| KR20200033911A (ko) | 2020-03-30 |
| CN111148879B (zh) | 2022-04-05 |
| JP6872666B2 (ja) | 2021-05-19 |
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