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WO2019113720A1 - Sgm equipment for the production of axisymmetric and rotationally-symmetric objects or parts - Google Patents

Sgm equipment for the production of axisymmetric and rotationally-symmetric objects or parts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019113720A1
WO2019113720A1 PCT/CL2018/050124 CL2018050124W WO2019113720A1 WO 2019113720 A1 WO2019113720 A1 WO 2019113720A1 CL 2018050124 W CL2018050124 W CL 2018050124W WO 2019113720 A1 WO2019113720 A1 WO 2019113720A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
equipment according
equipment
powder
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CL2018/050124
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Javier Ignacio VERA HOFMANN
Jorge Andrés RAMOS GREZ
Guillermo Jorge ZAÑARTU APARA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Original Assignee
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile filed Critical Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Publication of WO2019113720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019113720A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/171—Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the field of digital manufacturing, specifically that of additive manufacturing by means of selective laser sintering (SLS) for the manufacture of axi-symmetric 3D parts of revolution from materials such as metals, polymers or ceramics.
  • SLS selective laser sintering
  • Digital manufacturing consists of manufacturing a product or prototype directly from a computer design.
  • a relevant technology is additive manufacturing, which has shown great advances in the last decade and especially the technique of selective laser sintering or SLS by its acronym in English (Selective laser Sintering).
  • This technique consists in manufacturing parts or objects from a powder bed by using a focused laser, which selectively fuses or sinks the suspended dust and then adds a new powder bed and repeats the process.
  • the mirrors are able to move the beam on the X and Y axes, and additionally there is a piston that It descends vertically (Z axis), allowing the deposition of a new layer of dust.
  • the process can be carried out by spreading the powder by a roller or depositing it with a hopper
  • WO 2014195068 discloses an apparatus comprising a support in which a work piece can be produced from a powder bed and by means of a laser beam.
  • the laser beam emitted by a source is deflected on a mirror within a range, the deflection mirror pivoting about an axis of rotation.
  • the support is housed in a process chamber together with the laser, the mirror, a dust divider and two drive motors.
  • the support has a circular lower plate that serves as a construction platform for the workpiece to be produced and by means of the motors, the support can be rotated and in turn moved in the vertical direction as the piece is formed of revolution.
  • US 2003205851 discloses a device for producing parts through the accumulation of layers of material in powder form that solidify. It includes a folding table, a dust feeder and a source of energy consisting of a laser beam directed on a lens sequentially on the table to solidify the powder.
  • the horizontal movement of the table consists of a rotation movement about a vertical axis, which is combined with the downward spiral movement having a pitch corresponding to the layer thickness.
  • the powder feed, the distribution device and the energy source are arranged radially around the shaft and continuously active to form the part.
  • the present invention consists of an SGM equipment for the manufacture of axi-symmetric parts or objects of revolution, from materials such as metals, polymers or ceramics.
  • the proposed SGM equipment is comprised of a housing inside which the manufacturing system is formed consisting of a mechatronic system and a powder dispenser, the latter being responsible for providing the powder to be sintered by means of a laser equipment located outside the Case.
  • This equipment emits an output beam that is focused through a pair of galvanometric mirrors and then directed through an F-Theta lens towards the interior of the housing, impacting on a mobile working surface that receives dust and that rotates and moves on the vertical axis acted by a motor system.
  • the equipment of the present invention operates with 4 degrees of freedom (q, X, Y, Z) during the manufacture of an object using spiral growth (SGM).
  • SGM spiral growth
  • the 4-axis manufacturing system proposed in the present invention it is possible to program a high variety of angles and scanning patterns on the powder bed generated by the manufactured part.
  • the orientation of the scanning pattern of the filling of the piece on the surface of the powder bed has an impact on the mechanical properties of the resulting volume piece.
  • the pieces result with anisotropic character when they are scanned at a certain angle with respect to the direction of advance and that the greatest resistance is obtained when scanning them at 60 ° with respect to the direction of scanning. Therefore, by means of the present invention it is possible to vary the angle of incidence of the laser to advantageously achieve different scanning patterns according to the needs and mechanical properties that are to be achieved in the object or piece to be manufactured.
  • the housing of the SGM equipment of the present invention has a cylindrical shape and is composed of an upper chamber and a lower chamber inside which the mechatronic system that manufactures the piece is arranged.
  • the housing has means to allow the passage of the cables that feed the electrical circuit of the equipment and means for connection with a vacuum pump and a gas source to control the internal atmosphere and thus prevent the metals to be treated inside the equipment rust.
  • the mechatronic system located inside the casing is composed of three concentric and parallel circular platforms which are connected to the motor system. By means of this system, the elevation, descent and rotation of the upper platform containing the powder bed, which together with the laser allow an object to be manufactured using the sintering technique, occurs.
  • the powder is supplied by a powder dispenser located fixedly on the upper platform, which falls by gravity effect on the platform through an opening.
  • This supply is controlled by a gate activated automatically by means of a motor.
  • a method for manufacturing a piece is proposed by the proposed SGM equipment. Said method comprises the steps of:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a scheme of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates in detail the laser emission system of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3a-3c illustrate in detail the housing of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4a-4b illustrate in detail the mechatronic system of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates in detail the powder dispenser of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of the SGM equipment connected to the vacuum pump and to the gas source.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the edge scanning function of the SGM equipment of the present invention.
  • - Figure 8 illustrates some examples of scanning patterns that are achieved by the SGM equipment of the present invention.
  • - Figure 9 illustrates the surface preheating function of the SGM equipment of the present invention.
  • the SGM equipment of the present invention is formed by a casing 100 inside which the manufacturing system conformed by a mechatronic system 200 and a powder dispenser 300 is disposed.
  • the equipment SGM comprises a laser device 400 located outside the housing 100, which emits an output beam that is focused through a pair of galvanometric mirrors 500 and subsequently through an F-Theta 550 lens, in order to displace the beam focused on a mobile work surface 240 into the interior of the housing 100 through an optical window 130.
  • the pair of galvanometric mirrors consists of a first mirror 510 that receives the output beam 410 from the laser equipment 400 and directs it to a second mirror 520.
  • the first mirror 510 oscillates in a first direction (X ) while the second mirror oscillates in a second direction (Y), in order to achieve deflection of the beam in two dimensions on the construction plane and direct it to a specific point on the previously programmed work surface.
  • the first mirror 510 can be fixed in a defined position and only the second mirror 520 is configured to move in case it is required to restrict the operating range.
  • the horizontally arranged F-Theta 550 lens has the function of focusing the laser beam 420 prior to its entry into the interior of the housing.
  • the laser emitted by the laser equipment 400 can be, for example, Ytterbio fiber pumped by diode with a wavelength of 1070 nm (range of infrared waves). Said equipment can have an adjustable output power that allows to generate an emission between 20 and 330 W.
  • the present invention is not limited to a particular type of laser, it being also possible to use a laser with different characteristics. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, once the laser beam is emitted it passes through a fiber optic cable, which allows greater freedom to position it. Along with this, at the end of the cable there is an optical head that preliminarily focuses the laser.
  • the casing 100 has a cylindrical shape and consists of an upper chamber 110 and a lower chamber 120, both preferably made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion.
  • the chambers are joined by bolts 111 and by a gasket 112 arranged between flanges of both chambers, which acts as a seal preventing leaks and therefore achieving better control in the interior atmosphere.
  • the optical window 130 is located on the upper face of the upper chamber 110, which is sealed by a gasket on each side thereof and pressed with a stainless steel top cap by bolts.
  • an exit valve 140 is arranged next to the optical window 130 to evacuate the pressure inside the chamber before opening it.
  • Both the upper chamber 110 and the lower chamber 120 have an upper and lower cable conduit (115, 125) to feed the electrical system of the manufacturing system, a gas valve 116 and a vacuum valve 126 to control the atmosphere at the inside the equipment, each of said ducts being sealed by means of an O'ring and a bolted flange.
  • the mechatronic system 200 located inside the casing is composed of three concentric and parallel circular platforms which are supported by a support structure 201 coupled to the base of the casing.
  • a lower platform 210 is connected to a first motor 211 and to three linear bearings 212 each located within a bearing carrier 213.
  • Each bearing 212 contains a vertical rail 214, so that the vertical rails 214 act as a guide and allow to avoid vibrations in the manufacturing process of objects.
  • the first motor 211 controls a worm by means of a coupler 215 that allows an intermediate platform 220 to be raised and lowered on the vertical axis (Z).
  • Said intermediate platform 220 is fixed to the vertical rails 214 by means of rails 223 connected to the face bottom of said platform.
  • the intermediate platform 220 has a central nut 221 and a vertical bore that allows the passage and connection with the auger.
  • the intermediate platform 220 comprises a second motor 222 connected to a pinion 232, responsible for the rotation of the upper platform 230 by means of the connection with a gear 233 of the crown type on its lower face.
  • the first motor 211 moves on the vertical axis (Z) to the intermediate platform 220 and the upper platform 230, while the second motor 222 located on the second intermediate platform simultaneously drives the rotation in 360 ° (angle Q) of the upper platform 230.
  • the upper platform 230 has a recess in its upper face constituting the mobile work surface 240 on which the powder to be sintered is deposited.
  • Said powder is supplied by the powder dispenser 300, which according to Figure 5 comprises a powder container compartment 310 which stores the previously charged sintering powder.
  • the powder dispenser 300 has on its lower face a gate 320 regulated by a servo motor 330 that automatically opens and closes a dust slot 340 connected to the base of the dust container 310 through two inclined planes . These inclined planes direct the powder to said groove which falls by gravity effect on the mobile working surface after the opening of the gate 320.
  • the powder dispenser 300 further has a leveling knife 350 located next to the dust slot 340 preferably having an angle of 45 ° with respect to the manufacturing plane to flatten and compact the dust accumulated on the mobile work surface.
  • the housing 100 of the SGM equipment is connected to a vacuum pump 600 and a gas source 700 to control the indoor atmosphere and thus prevent the metals to be treated inside the equipment from oxidizing.
  • the vacuum pump 600 is connected by a coupling 610 to a flexible 620, which in turn is connected to the housing 100 through the vacuum valve 126.
  • the gas source 700 can be for example a Argon cylinder and comprises a gas hose 710 connected at one end to a manometer and a valve. At the other end, said hose is connected to the gas valve 116.
  • the manometer makes it possible to measure the vacuum pressure once the air and the pressure of the inert gas inside the housing have been removed.
  • outlet valve 140 it is possible to regulate the gas outlet to the outside while injecting argon or other inert gas into the interior, which allows, if required, work with a gas flow and evacuate other gaseous compounds emanating in the sintering process.
  • the SGM equipment of the present invention has a series of actuators that must be programmed to make a piece or object. Said actuators allow to control at least the following components of the equipment: the laser equipment 400, the galvanometric mirrors 500, the servo motor 330 of the powder dispenser 300 and the motors (211, 222) of the mechatronic system 200.
  • a manual control screen can be used, which allows the activation of the laser for a certain amount of time and adjust its power.
  • the galvanometric mirrors 500 are controlled by an external controller, by means of which it is possible to program the oscillation of either a single mirror or both, thus enabling a radial scanning pattern or any geometry on the dust bed.
  • the servo motor 330 connected to the dust passage gate 320 is preferably controlled by a pulse-modulated signal (PWM) from a microcontroller.
  • PWM pulse-modulated signal
  • the motors (211, 222) of the mechatronic system 200 that determine the displacement axes z and Q of the mobile work surface 240 are preferably controlled by an integrated circuit comprising a stepper motor controller and a programming library .
  • the motors (211, 222) are programmed so that the upper platform 230 rotates at a defined speed and simultaneously drops a certain distance for each revolution.
  • the manufacturing process begins with the loading of the powder dispenser 300 and its installation into the interior of the housing 100 prior to the closing of the latter. This requires that the gate 320 of the dispenser is open, otherwise a signal must be sent from the microcontroller to open it. Once the necessary amount of powder is loaded through gate 320, it is closed by sending a signal from the microcontroller.
  • the housing 100 is closed. For this, it is necessary to seat the gasket 112 in the flange of the lower housing 120 and locate the upper housing 110 on it, joining them by means of the bolts. 111. Then, tests of the mechatronic system are performed, such as verifying that the platform is able to rotate, raise and lower, etc. Subsequently, the gate 320 of the powder dispenser 300 is opened and the first powder bed is deposited on the mobile work surface 240.
  • the emptying of the manufacturing chamber is carried out by means of the vacuum pump 600 and the administration of inert gas by means of the gas source 700.
  • the evacuation of the manufacturing chamber is carried out by means of the vacuum pump 600 and the administration of inert gas by means of the gas source 700.
  • the evacuation of the manufacturing chamber is carried out by means of the vacuum pump 600 and the administration of inert gas by means of the gas source 700.
  • the pressure inside the housing is measured with the pressure gauge located at the inlet of the gas valve 116 and once the desired negative pressure is reached, the vacuum valve 126 is closed and the vacuum pump 600 is turned off.
  • the gas valve 116 is opened and filled to the required pressure. According to certain embodiments of the invention it is possible to work with a constant gas flow, in which case the outlet valve 140 and the gas valve must be regulated
  • the gas flow enters radially from the outside, travels through the chamber axially and exits through the outlet valve located in the upper part of the housing.
  • the manufacture of the piece begins by means of the interaction of the elements previously programmed separately, namely the laser 400 equipment, the galvanometric mirrors 500 and the mechatronic system 200, which they are commanded by the microcontroller.
  • the laser equipment 400 emits an output beam 410 which is directed towards the mobile work surface 240 by means of the galvanometric mirrors 500, passing through the lens F-Theta 550 and the optical window 130 of the housing 100.
  • the motors (211, 222) of the mechatronic system 200 rotate and progressively lower the mobile work surface 240 containing the powder to be sintered by the laser in each revolution, while the powder dispenser 300 supplies the powder to be sintered through the opening of the gate 320 operated by the servo motor 330 and flattens and compacts it by means of the leveling knife
  • the diagram of Figure 7 illustrates by way of example the scan sequence of the laser beam 420 for sintering the piece to be manufactured, where the edge 800 of a section of the piece is first scanned and subsequently the filling from the Scan pattern 810, which allows to obtain better surface finishes and mechanical properties.
  • the turn of the upper platform 230 located under the powder dispenser 300 displaces the completely sintered section 820 and places the next section to be sintered 830 in the scanning zone.
  • Figure 8 exemplifies 3 possible scanning patterns for the filling of the piece to be manufactured, which is possible thanks to the fact that the laser beam 420 can move on the powder bed in the two horizontal coordinates (X, Y) thanks to the action of the pair of galvanometric mirrors in combination with the rotation of the upper platform 230.
  • the pattern a) represents a scan at 0 or with respect to the direction of advance
  • the pattern b) represents a scan at 45 °
  • the pattern c ) represents a scan at 90 °, which will depend exclusively on the shape of the piece to be manufactured and the mechanical properties or quality that you want to obtain in it.
  • the invention can comprise any angle from 0 or 90 °.
  • preheating function of the proposed SGM equipment is illustrated, whereby the laser beam 420 is scanned prior to sintering, a determined area of the powder bed called preheated zone 840, which allows to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting piece especially when it is formed from polymer powders.
  • Said preheated zone 840 is generated in each advance of the upper platform 230 and then proceeds with the definitive scanning according to Figure 7.
  • the manufacturing process is concluded and all the systems are turned off, the gas passage is closed and the exit valve 140 is opened. Then all the bolts 111 are removed, the optical window 130 is removed. and the housing 100 is opened. The object is removed from the powder bed located on the upper platform 230, by unearthing it and removing all excess loose powder around it.
  • a factorial experimental design of 2 factors and 3 levels was carried out, consisting of varying the thickness of the layer between 400, 500 and 600 microns, also varying the power of the laser in three levels: 150, 200 and 250 W.
  • the dimensions of each ring was varied between 36 and 47 mm of outer radius and between 22 and 33 mm of inner radius with a number of revolutions of the platform between 2-5.
  • the laser was focused on the surface of the substrate and made an alternating radial movement of 5 mm amplitude at a scanning speed of 80 mm / s.
  • the speeds of angular and axial rotation of the platform were fixed, the rotation being 1 revolution per minute and the axial speed 400, 500 or 600 microns per revolution.
  • the interior atmosphere was controlled by the removal of air inside the chamber by the vacuum pump and the addition of argon gas.
  • the design pressures were -0.3 bar in vacuum and 2 bar in argon gas. We worked with a flow of inert gas to remove both the vapors generated in the process and possible oxygen molecules that could have been adsorbed inside the chamber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to SGM equipment and a method for the production of axisymmetric and rotationally-symmetric objects or parts, comprising: a casing, a production system formed by a mechatronic system and a powder dispenser, and a laser device located outside the casing and configured to emit an output beam via a pair of galvanometer mirrors, consisting of a first mirror which oscillates in a first direction and a second mirror which oscillates in a second direction.

Description

EQUIPO SGM Y MÉTODO PARA LA FABRICACIÓN DE PIEZAS U OBJETOS DE REVOLUCIÓN AXI-SIMÉTRICOS.  SGM EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIECES OR AXI-SYMMETRICAL REVOLUTION OBJECTS.

MEMORIA DESCRIPTIVA CAMPO DE LA INVENCION DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY CAMPO DE LA INVENCION

La presente invención pertenece al campo de la fabricación digital, específicamente al de la manufactura aditiva por medio de sinterizado láser selectivo (SLS) para la fabricación de piezas de revolución axi- simétricas en 3D a partir de materiales tales como metales, polímeros o cerámicos.  The present invention pertains to the field of digital manufacturing, specifically that of additive manufacturing by means of selective laser sintering (SLS) for the manufacture of axi-symmetric 3D parts of revolution from materials such as metals, polymers or ceramics.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

La fabricación digital consiste en fabricar un producto o prototipo directamente de un diseño computacional. En este contexto una tecnología relevante es la manufactura aditiva, la que ha presentado grandes avancen en la última década y en especial la técnica de sinterizado láser selectivo o SLS por su sigla en inglés (Selective láser Sintering). Dicha técnica consiste en fabricar piezas u objetos a partir de una cama de polvo mediante el uso de un láser focalizado, el cual funde o sinteriza selectivamente el polvo en suspensión para luego agregar una nueva cama de polvo y repetir el proceso.  Digital manufacturing consists of manufacturing a product or prototype directly from a computer design. In this context, a relevant technology is additive manufacturing, which has shown great advances in the last decade and especially the technique of selective laser sintering or SLS by its acronym in English (Selective laser Sintering). This technique consists in manufacturing parts or objects from a powder bed by using a focused laser, which selectively fuses or sinks the suspended dust and then adds a new powder bed and repeats the process.

En los sistemas tradicionales de manufactura aditiva por sinterizado o derretido láser, la consolidación de las capas se obtiene por el derretido de ciertas áreas mediante la aplicación de un haz láser. Un set de dos espejos galvanométricos permite aplicar el haz en la sección correspondiente de cada capa, siendo dicha sección previamente calculada por un modelo CAD. In traditional systems of additive manufacturing by sintering or melting laser, the consolidation of the layers is obtained by the melting of certain areas by the application of a laser beam. A set of two galvanometric mirrors allows to apply the beam in the corresponding section of each layer, said section being previously calculated by a CAD model.

Los espejos son capaces de mover el haz en los ejes X e Y, y adicionalmente existe un pistón que desciende verticalmente (eje Z), permitiendo la deposición de una nueva capa de polvo. El proceso puede llevarse a cabo al esparcir el polvo por un rodillo o al depositarlo por una tolvaThe mirrors are able to move the beam on the X and Y axes, and additionally there is a piston that It descends vertically (Z axis), allowing the deposition of a new layer of dust. The process can be carried out by spreading the powder by a roller or depositing it with a hopper

Sin embargo, en el último tiempo se ha intentado reemplazar los sistemas SLS de coordenadas cartesianas por sistema de coordenadas cilindricas que permiten generar una una sola capa de crecimiento continua a través una geometría espiral. Este concepto es lo que se ha denominado como crecimiento espiral o SGM por su sigla en inglés (Spiral Growth manufacturing). However, in the last time it has been tried to replace the systems SLS of Cartesian coordinates by system of cylindrical coordinates that allow to generate a single layer of continuous growth through a spiral geometry. This concept is what has been called spiral growth or SGM for its acronym in English (Spiral Growth Manufacturing).

Una de las ventajas de SGM sobre los sistemas SLS que utilizan coordenadas cartesianas para dirigir el láser, es en primer lugar que se logra disminuir considerablemente los tiempos de fabricación por ser un proceso continuo y no discreto. En segundo lugar, permite fabricar piezas con mejores propiedades mecánicas producto de la continuidad del proceso y por último es más económico, debido al menor tiempo de fabricación que se obtiene al no existir tiempos muertos durante ésta.  One of the advantages of SGM over the SLS systems that use Cartesian coordinates to direct the laser, is first of all that it is possible to considerably reduce the manufacturing times because it is a continuous and not discrete process. Secondly, it allows to manufacture pieces with better mechanical properties as a result of the continuity of the process and, lastly, it is more economical, due to the shorter manufacturing time obtained when there are no downtimes during it.

Un ejemplo de un sistema aditivo que utiliza el concepto SGM es aquel divulgado por el documento WO 2014195068, que divulga un aparato que comprende un soporte en el cual se puede producir una pieza de trabajo a partir de un lecho de polvo y por medio de un rayo láser. Para este fin, el haz láser emitido por una fuente es desviado sobre un espejo dentro de un rango, pivotando el espejo de desviación alrededor de un eje de rotación. El soporte está alojado en una cámara de proceso junto con el láser, el espejo, un divisor de polvo y dos motores de accionamiento. El soporte tiene una placa inferior circular que sirve como una plataforma de construcción para la pieza de trabajo a ser producida y por medio de los motores, el soporte puede ser girado y a su vez desplazado en la dirección vertical a medida que se va formando la pieza de revolución.  An example of an additive system using the SGM concept is that disclosed in WO 2014195068, which discloses an apparatus comprising a support in which a work piece can be produced from a powder bed and by means of a laser beam. For this purpose, the laser beam emitted by a source is deflected on a mirror within a range, the deflection mirror pivoting about an axis of rotation. The support is housed in a process chamber together with the laser, the mirror, a dust divider and two drive motors. The support has a circular lower plate that serves as a construction platform for the workpiece to be produced and by means of the motors, the support can be rotated and in turn moved in the vertical direction as the piece is formed of revolution.

Un dispositivo similar se propone en el documento US 2003205851, el cual divulga un dispositivo para producir piezas a través de la acumulación de capas de material en forma de polvo que se solidifican. Comprende una mesa abatióle, un alimentador de polvo y una fuente de energía que consiste en un haz de láser dirigido sobre un lente secuencialmente sobre la mesa para solidificar el polvo. En particular, el movimiento horizontal de la mesa consiste en un movimiento de rotación alrededor de un eje vertical, que se combina con el desplazamiento descendente en espiral que tiene un paso correspondiente al espesor de capa. La alimentación de polvo, el dispositivo de distribución y la fuente de energía están dispuestos radialmente alrededor del eje y continuamente activos para formar la pieza. A similar device is proposed in US 2003205851, which discloses a device for producing parts through the accumulation of layers of material in powder form that solidify. It includes a folding table, a dust feeder and a source of energy consisting of a laser beam directed on a lens sequentially on the table to solidify the powder. In particular, the horizontal movement of the table consists of a rotation movement about a vertical axis, which is combined with the downward spiral movement having a pitch corresponding to the layer thickness. The powder feed, the distribution device and the energy source are arranged radially around the shaft and continuously active to form the part.

Un inconveniente de los sistemas propuestos por los documentos WO 2014195068 y US 2003205851 es que sólo permiten continuidad de fabricación en el eje radial R generado por el haz de láser a través del único espejo o lente. Sin embargo, no es posible tener continuidad tangencialmente (eje Q) ya que la velocidad de rotación es unidireccional y constante. Esto tiene como desventaja que no permite proveer continuidad de fabricación (delineamiento) en los bordes de la pieza a fabricar, ya que al contar con un sólo espejo o lente la continuidad puede lograrse sólo en cada ángulo de avance.  One drawback of the systems proposed by WO 2014195068 and US 2003205851 is that they only allow manufacturing continuity in the radial axis R generated by the laser beam through the single mirror or lens. However, it is not possible to have continuity tangentially (axis Q) since the rotation speed is unidirectional and constant. This has the disadvantage that it does not allow to provide manufacturing continuity (delineation) at the edges of the piece to be manufactured, since having a single mirror or lens the continuity can be achieved only at each angle of advance.

Tener continuidad en los bordes de la pieza u objeto a fabricar es fundamental para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas exteriores de la misma, ya que así se logra una distribución homogénea y continua del calor en esta sección que resulta ser la más crítica. Ahora, si bien el escaneo a priori en los bordes de las piezas para generar el delineamiento o contorno necesario es ampliamente utilizado en máquinas de sinterizado convencionales con sistemas de coordenadas cartesiana XYZ, su uso en máquinas tipo SGM no se observa en el estado del arte.  Having continuity in the edges of the piece or object to be manufactured is fundamental to improve the external mechanical properties of the same, since this way a homogenous and continuous distribution of the heat is achieved in this section that turns out to be the most critical. Now, although the a priori scanning at the edges of the pieces to generate the necessary outline or contour is widely used in conventional sintering machines with XYZ Cartesian coordinate systems, their use in SGM type machines is not observed in the state of the art .

Es por tanto el objetivo de la presente invención proveer un sistema SGM para superar los inconvenientes observados en el estado del arte, por medio de un dispositivo que permita mejorar significativamente las propiedades mecánicas exteriores de las piezas a ser fabricadas y al mismo tiempo disminuir los tiempos de fabricación.  It is therefore the aim of the present invention to provide an SGM system to overcome the drawbacks observed in the state of the art, by means of a device that allows to significantly improve the external mechanical properties of the parts to be manufactured and at the same time decrease the times of manufacture.

RESENA DE LA INVENCION La presente invención consiste en un equipo SGM para la fabricación de piezas u objetos de revolución axi-simétricos, a partir de materiales tales como metales, polímeros o cerámicos. RESEARCH OF THE INVENTION The present invention consists of an SGM equipment for the manufacture of axi-symmetric parts or objects of revolution, from materials such as metals, polymers or ceramics.

El equipo SGM propuesto está conformado por una carcasa en cuyo interior se dispone el sistema de fabricación conformado por un sistema mecatrónico y un dispensador de polvo, este último estando encargado de proporcionar el polvo a ser sinterizado por medio de un equipo láser ubicado fuera de la carcasa. Dicho equipo emite un haz de salida que es focalizado a través de un par de espejos galvanométricos y posteriormente dirigido a través de una lente F-Theta hacia el interior de la carcasa, impactando sobre una superficie de trabajo móvil que recibe el polvo y que rota y se mueve en el eje vertical actuada por un sistema motriz.  The proposed SGM equipment is comprised of a housing inside which the manufacturing system is formed consisting of a mechatronic system and a powder dispenser, the latter being responsible for providing the powder to be sintered by means of a laser equipment located outside the Case. This equipment emits an output beam that is focused through a pair of galvanometric mirrors and then directed through an F-Theta lens towards the interior of the housing, impacting on a mobile working surface that receives dust and that rotates and moves on the vertical axis acted by a motor system.

El uso de dos espejos galvanométricos en combinación con una superficie móvil rotatoria y que se desplaza en el eje vertical, permite obtener 4 grados de libertad durante el proceso de fabricación, ya que por una parte el giro y desplazamiento vertical de la plataforma móvil aporta las coordenadas tangencial (eje Q) y vertical (eje Z), respectivamente, mientras que el par de espejos permite el desplazamiento del haz de láser en las coordenadas sobre el plano horizontal (ejes X e Y) de la cama de polvo a sinterizar.  The use of two galvanometric mirrors in combination with a rotating mobile surface and that moves on the vertical axis, allows to obtain 4 degrees of freedom during the manufacturing process, since on the one hand the rotation and vertical movement of the mobile platform contributes the tangential (Q axis) and vertical (Z axis) coordinates, respectively, while the pair of mirrors allows the displacement of the laser beam in the coordinates on the horizontal plane (X and Y axes) of the powder bed to be sintered.

De esta forma el equipo de la presente invención opera con 4 grados de libertad (q, X, Y, Z) durante la fabricación de un objeto utilizando crecimiento espiral (SGM). Esto permite proveer continuidad tanto tangencial como radial en el proceso a diferencia de los sistemas de 3 coordenadas del estado del arte que sólo permiten continuidad radial. Gracias a ello, se logra realizar bordes alrededor de la sección recta del objeto que se está construyendo y así dar más flexibilidad a los patrones de relleno. En este sentido, los bordes permiten tener una mejor resolución de impresión ya que confinan al patrón de escaneo a un área acotada, en especial si se considera que tales bordes se realizan con parámetros de escaneo diferentes a los del relleno de la pieza. Lo anterior ventajosamente permite mejorar las propiedades mecánicas exteriores del objeto terminado, puesto que se logra una distribución homogénea y continua del calor en sus bordes. In this way the equipment of the present invention operates with 4 degrees of freedom (q, X, Y, Z) during the manufacture of an object using spiral growth (SGM). This allows to provide tangential as well as radial continuity in the process unlike the 3 coordinate systems of the state of the art that only allow radial continuity. Thanks to this, it is possible to make edges around the straight section of the object that is being built and thus give more flexibility to the filling patterns. In this sense, the edges allow to have a better printing resolution since they confine the scanning pattern to a bounded area, especially if one considers that such edges are made with scanning parameters different from those of the filling of the piece. The foregoing advantageously allows to improve the external mechanical properties of the finished object, since a homogeneous and continuous distribution of the heat at its edges is achieved.

En segundo lugar, mediante el sistema de fabricación por 4 ejes propuesto en la presente invención es posible programar una alta variedad de ángulos y patrones de escaneo sobre la cama de polvo que genera la pieza fabricada. La orientación del patrón de escaneo del relleno de la pieza en la superficie de la cama de polvo tiene incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas de la pieza volumétrica resultante. En este sentido, se ha demostrado en el estado del arte que las piezas resultan con carácter anisotrópico cuando son escaneadas en un cierto ángulo con respecto a la dirección de avance y que la mayor resistencia se obtiene al escanearlas a 60° con respecto a la dirección de escaneo. Por lo tanto, por medio de la presente invención es posible variar el ángulo de incidencia del láser para lograr ventajosamente diferentes patrones de escaneo según las necesidades y propiedades mecánicas que se quieran lograr en el objeto o pieza a fabricar.  Secondly, by means of the 4-axis manufacturing system proposed in the present invention it is possible to program a high variety of angles and scanning patterns on the powder bed generated by the manufactured part. The orientation of the scanning pattern of the filling of the piece on the surface of the powder bed has an impact on the mechanical properties of the resulting volume piece. In this sense, it has been demonstrated in the state of the art that the pieces result with anisotropic character when they are scanned at a certain angle with respect to the direction of advance and that the greatest resistance is obtained when scanning them at 60 ° with respect to the direction of scanning. Therefore, by means of the present invention it is possible to vary the angle of incidence of the laser to advantageously achieve different scanning patterns according to the needs and mechanical properties that are to be achieved in the object or piece to be manufactured.

En tercer lugar, gracias a los 4 grados de libertad generados por el equipo SGM propuesto es posible lograr el precalentamiento de la superficie de polvo a sinterizar, escaneando previamente dicha superficie por el láser. En este contexto, existe evidencia que demuestra que al sinterizar polvos poliméricos como la poliamida, el precalentamiento de la cama de impresión juega un rol importante en las propiedades mecánicas resultantes de la pieza, efecto que es posible de alcanzar gracias a la versatilidad de operación del láser que otorga la invención.  Thirdly, thanks to the 4 degrees of freedom generated by the proposed SGM equipment it is possible to achieve the preheating of the powder surface to be sintered, previously scanning said surface by the laser. In this context, there is evidence that shows that sintering polymeric powders such as polyamide, the preheating of the printing bed plays an important role in the mechanical properties resulting from the piece, an effect that can be achieved thanks to the versatility of operation of the laser that gives the invention.

La carcasa del equipo SGM de la presente invención tiene forma cilindrica y está compuesta por una cámara superior y una cámara inferior en cuyo interior se dispone el sistema mecatrónico que fabrica la pieza. Además, la carcasa posee medios para permitir el paso de los cables que alimentan el circuito eléctrico del equipo y medios para la conexión con una bomba de vacío y con una fuente de gas para controlar la atmósfera interior y evitar así que los metales a tratar al interior del equipo se oxiden. El sistema mecatrónico ubicado al interior de la carcasa se compone de tres plataformas circulares concéntricas y paralelas las cuales se encuentran conectadas al sistema motriz. Mediante dicho sistema se produce la elevación, descenso y el giro de la plataforma superior que contiene a la cama de polvo que en conjunto con el láser permiten fabricar un objeto mediante la técnica de sinterizado. The housing of the SGM equipment of the present invention has a cylindrical shape and is composed of an upper chamber and a lower chamber inside which the mechatronic system that manufactures the piece is arranged. In addition, the housing has means to allow the passage of the cables that feed the electrical circuit of the equipment and means for connection with a vacuum pump and a gas source to control the internal atmosphere and thus prevent the metals to be treated inside the equipment rust. The mechatronic system located inside the casing is composed of three concentric and parallel circular platforms which are connected to the motor system. By means of this system, the elevation, descent and rotation of the upper platform containing the powder bed, which together with the laser allow an object to be manufactured using the sintering technique, occurs.

El polvo es suministrado por un dispensador de polvo ubicado de manera fija sobre la plataforma superior, el cual cae por efecto de gravedad sobre la plataforma a través de una abertura. Dicho suministro es controlado por una compuerta accionada automáticamente por medio de un motor.  The powder is supplied by a powder dispenser located fixedly on the upper platform, which falls by gravity effect on the platform through an opening. This supply is controlled by a gate activated automatically by means of a motor.

De esta forma, por medio del equipo propuesto se provee una solución compacta, que permite la fabricación de objetos al interior de una carcasa sellada y acondicionada para controlar la atmósfera en su interior.  In this way, through the proposed equipment a compact solution is provided, which allows the manufacture of objects inside a sealed and conditioned housing to control the atmosphere inside.

De acuerdo a un segundo aspecto de la invención, se propone un método para fabricar una pieza mediante el equipo SGM propuesto. Dicho método comprende los pasos de:  According to a second aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing a piece is proposed by the proposed SGM equipment. Said method comprises the steps of:

• Cargar el dispensador de polvo;  • Load the powder dispenser;

• Cerrar y sellar la carcasa del equipo;  • Close and seal the housing of the equipment;

• Preparar la atmósfera libre de oxígeno al interior del equipo por medio de la bomba de vacío y la fuente de gas;  • Prepare the oxygen-free atmosphere inside the equipment by means of the vacuum pump and the gas source;

• Accionar el equipo láser para que emita un haz de salida sobre la superficie de trabajo móvil por medio de los espejos galvanométricos 500, pasando a través de la lente F-Theta y la ventana óptica de la carcasa;  • Actuate the laser equipment so that it emits an output beam on the mobile work surface by means of the galvanometric mirrors 500, passing through the F-Theta lens and the optical window of the housing;

• Suministrar el polvo a sinterizar por medio de la apertura de la compuerta automática del dispensador de polvo; • Girar y descender progresivamente la superficie de trabajo móvil por medio de los motores del sistema mecatrónico, mientras el láser escanea la superficie de trabajo que contiene al polvo; • Supply the powder to be sintered by opening the automatic gate of the powder dispenser; • Rotate and descend progressively the mobile work surface by means of the motors of the mechatronic system, while the laser scans the work surface containing the powder;

• Una vez fabricado el objeto, apagar todos los sistemas abrir la carcasa y retirar el objeto desde la cama de polvo.  • Once the object is manufactured, turn off all the systems open the housing and remove the object from the dust bed.

Detalles y ventajas adicionales de la presente invención podrán ser observadas a partir de las figuras que se describen a continuación.  Additional details and advantages of the present invention may be observed from the figures described below.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

- La Figura 1 ilustra un esquema del equipo SGM de acuerdo a la presente invención.  - Figure 1 illustrates a scheme of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.

- La Figura 2 ilustra en detalle el sistema de emisión láser del equipo SGM de acuerdo a la presente invención.  - Figure 2 illustrates in detail the laser emission system of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.

- Las Figuras 3a-3c ilustran en detalle la carcasa del equipo SGM de acuerdo a la presente invención.  - Figures 3a-3c illustrate in detail the housing of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.

- Las Figuras 4a-4b ilustran en detalle el sistema mecatrónico del equipo SGM de acuerdo a la presente invención.  - Figures 4a-4b illustrate in detail the mechatronic system of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.

- La Figura 5 ilustra en detalle el dispensador de polvo del equipo SGM de acuerdo a la presente invención.  - Figure 5 illustrates in detail the powder dispenser of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.

- La Figura 6 ilustra un esquema del equipo SGM conectado a la bomba de vacío y a la fuente de gas.  - Figure 6 illustrates a diagram of the SGM equipment connected to the vacuum pump and to the gas source.

- La Figura 7 ilustra la función de escaneo de bordes del equipo SGM de la presente invención.  - Figure 7 illustrates the edge scanning function of the SGM equipment of the present invention.

- La Figura 8 ilustra algunos ejemplos de patrones de escaneo que se logran mediante el equipo SGM de la presente invención. - La Figura 9 ilustra la función de precalentamiento de superficies del equipo SGM de la presente invención. - Figure 8 illustrates some examples of scanning patterns that are achieved by the SGM equipment of the present invention. - Figure 9 illustrates the surface preheating function of the SGM equipment of the present invention.

DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

De acuerdo a la Figura 1, el equipo SGM de la presente invención está conformado por una carcasa 100 en cuyo interior se dispone el sistema de fabricación conformado por un sistema mecatrónico 200 y un dispensador de polvo 300. Además, según la Figura 2 el equipo SGM comprende un equipo láser 400 ubicado fuera de la carcasa 100, el cual emite un haz de salida que es focalizado a través de un par de espejos galvanométricos 500 y posteriormente a través de una lente F-Theta 550, con el fin de desplazar el haz focalizado sobre una superficie de trabajo móvil 240 al interior de la carcasa 100 a través de una ventana óptica 130.  According to Figure 1, the SGM equipment of the present invention is formed by a casing 100 inside which the manufacturing system conformed by a mechatronic system 200 and a powder dispenser 300 is disposed. In addition, according to Figure 2 the equipment SGM comprises a laser device 400 located outside the housing 100, which emits an output beam that is focused through a pair of galvanometric mirrors 500 and subsequently through an F-Theta 550 lens, in order to displace the beam focused on a mobile work surface 240 into the interior of the housing 100 through an optical window 130.

Siguiendo con la Figura 2, el par de espejos galvanométricos consiste en un primer espejo 510 que recibe el haz de salida 410 desde el equipo láser 400 y lo dirige a un segundo espejo 520. Preferentemente el primer espejo 510 oscila en una primera dirección (X) mientras que el segundo espejo oscila en una segunda dirección (Y), con el fin de lograr una deflexión del haz en dos dimensiones sobre el plano de construcción y dirigirlo a un punto específico en la superficie de trabajo previamente programado. De acuerdo a ciertas modalidades de la invención, el primer espejo 510 puede estar fijo en una posición definida y únicamente el segundo espejo 520 estar configurado para moverse en caso de que se requiera restringir el rango de operación. Por su parte, la lente F-Theta 550 dispuesta de manera horizontal tiene la función de focalizar el haz de láser 420 previamente a su ingreso al interior de la carcasa.  Following with Figure 2, the pair of galvanometric mirrors consists of a first mirror 510 that receives the output beam 410 from the laser equipment 400 and directs it to a second mirror 520. Preferably the first mirror 510 oscillates in a first direction (X ) while the second mirror oscillates in a second direction (Y), in order to achieve deflection of the beam in two dimensions on the construction plane and direct it to a specific point on the previously programmed work surface. According to certain embodiments of the invention, the first mirror 510 can be fixed in a defined position and only the second mirror 520 is configured to move in case it is required to restrict the operating range. For its part, the horizontally arranged F-Theta 550 lens has the function of focusing the laser beam 420 prior to its entry into the interior of the housing.

El láser emitido por el equipo láser 400 puede ser por ejemplo de fibra de Ytterbio bombeado por diodo con una longitud de onda de 1070 nm (rango de ondas infrarrojas). Dicho equipo puede poseer una potencia de salida regulable que permita generar una emisión entre 20 y 330 W. Sin embargo, la presente invención no se encuentra limitada a un tipo de láser en particular, pudiendo también utilizarse un láser con distintas características. De acuerdo a modalidades preferidas de la invención, una vez emitido el haz láser este pasa por un cable de fibra óptica, lo que permite una mayor libertad para posicionarlo. Junto con ello, al final del cable existe un cabezal óptico que focaliza preliminarmente el láser. The laser emitted by the laser equipment 400 can be, for example, Ytterbio fiber pumped by diode with a wavelength of 1070 nm (range of infrared waves). Said equipment can have an adjustable output power that allows to generate an emission between 20 and 330 W. However, the present invention is not limited to a particular type of laser, it being also possible to use a laser with different characteristics. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, once the laser beam is emitted it passes through a fiber optic cable, which allows greater freedom to position it. Along with this, at the end of the cable there is an optical head that preliminarily focuses the laser.

De acuerdo a las Figuras 3a-3c, la carcasa 100 tiene forma cilindrica y consta de una cámara superior 110 y una cámara inferior 120, ambas fabricadas preferentemente en acero inoxidable para evitar la corrosión. Las cámaras se encuentran unidas mediante pernos 111 y por una empaquetadura 112 dispuesta entre unas bridas de ambas cámaras, que actúa como sello evitando filtraciones y por tanto consiguiendo un mejor control en la atmósfera interior.  According to Figures 3a-3c, the casing 100 has a cylindrical shape and consists of an upper chamber 110 and a lower chamber 120, both preferably made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion. The chambers are joined by bolts 111 and by a gasket 112 arranged between flanges of both chambers, which acts as a seal preventing leaks and therefore achieving better control in the interior atmosphere.

La ventana óptica 130 se ubica en la cara superior de la cámara superior 110, la cual está sellada por una empaquetadura a cada lado de la misma y presionada con una tapa superior de acero inoxidable mediante pernos. Además junto a la ventana óptica 130 se dispone una válvula de salida 140 para evacuar la presión al interior de la cámara antes de abrirla. Tanto la cámara superior 110 como la cámara inferior 120 cuentan con un conducto de cables superior e inferior (115, 125) para alimentar el sistema eléctrico del sistema de fabricación, una válvula de gas 116 y una válvula de vacío 126 para controlar la atmósfera al interior del equipo, estando cada uno de dichos conductos sellados mediante un O’ring y una brida apernada.  The optical window 130 is located on the upper face of the upper chamber 110, which is sealed by a gasket on each side thereof and pressed with a stainless steel top cap by bolts. In addition, an exit valve 140 is arranged next to the optical window 130 to evacuate the pressure inside the chamber before opening it. Both the upper chamber 110 and the lower chamber 120 have an upper and lower cable conduit (115, 125) to feed the electrical system of the manufacturing system, a gas valve 116 and a vacuum valve 126 to control the atmosphere at the inside the equipment, each of said ducts being sealed by means of an O'ring and a bolted flange.

Siguiendo con las Figuras 4a y 4b, se observa que el sistema mecatrónico 200 ubicado al interior de la carcasa se compone de tres plataformas circulares concéntricas y paralelas las cuales se encuentran sostenidas por una estructura de soporte 201 acoplada a la base de la carcasa. Una plataforma inferior 210 va conectada a un primer motor 211 y a tres rodamientos lineales 212 ubicados cada uno al interior de un porta rodamiento 213. Cada rodamiento 212 contiene a un riel vertical 214, de manera que los rieles verticales 214 actúan como guía y permiten evitar vibraciones en el proceso de fabricación de objetos.  Continuing with Figures 4a and 4b, it is observed that the mechatronic system 200 located inside the casing is composed of three concentric and parallel circular platforms which are supported by a support structure 201 coupled to the base of the casing. A lower platform 210 is connected to a first motor 211 and to three linear bearings 212 each located within a bearing carrier 213. Each bearing 212 contains a vertical rail 214, so that the vertical rails 214 act as a guide and allow to avoid vibrations in the manufacturing process of objects.

El primer motor 211 controla un tornillo sinfín por medio de una copla 215 que permite subir y bajar una plataforma intermedia 220 en el eje vertical (Z). Dicha plataforma intermedia 220 es solidaria a los rieles verticales 214 por medio de porta rieles 223 conectados a la cara inferior de dicha plataforma. Además la plataforma intermedia 220 tiene una tuerca central 221 y una perforación vertical que permite el paso y la conexión con el tornillo sinfín. The first motor 211 controls a worm by means of a coupler 215 that allows an intermediate platform 220 to be raised and lowered on the vertical axis (Z). Said intermediate platform 220 is fixed to the vertical rails 214 by means of rails 223 connected to the face bottom of said platform. In addition, the intermediate platform 220 has a central nut 221 and a vertical bore that allows the passage and connection with the auger.

En el extremo del tornillo sinfín se ubica un cilindro que sostiene un rodamiento superior 231 solidario a una plataforma superior 230. Por su parte, la plataforma intermedia 220 comprende un segundo motor 222 conectado a un piñón 232, responsable del giro de la plataforma superior 230 por medio de la conexión con un engranaje 233 del tipo corona en su cara inferior. De esta forma, el primer motor 211 desplaza en el eje vertical (Z) a la plataforma intermedia 220 y a la plataforma superior 230, mientras que el segundo motor 222 ubicado en la segunda plataforma intermedia acciona simultáneamente el giro en 360° (ángulo Q) de la plataforma superior 230.  At the end of the worm is located a cylinder that supports an upper bearing 231 integral with an upper platform 230. For its part, the intermediate platform 220 comprises a second motor 222 connected to a pinion 232, responsible for the rotation of the upper platform 230 by means of the connection with a gear 233 of the crown type on its lower face. In this way, the first motor 211 moves on the vertical axis (Z) to the intermediate platform 220 and the upper platform 230, while the second motor 222 located on the second intermediate platform simultaneously drives the rotation in 360 ° (angle Q) of the upper platform 230.

La plataforma superior 230 posee un vaciado en su cara superior que constituye la superficie de trabajo móvil 240 sobre la cual se deposita el polvo a sinterizar. Dicho polvo es suministrado por el dispensador de polvo 300, el cual de acuerdo a la Figura 5 comprende un compartimento contenedor de polvo 310 que almacena el polvo a sinterizar previamente cargado. Para dispensar el polvo, el dispensador de polvo 300 cuenta en su cara inferior con una compuerta 320 regulada por un motor servo 330 que abre y cierra automáticamente una ranura para polvo 340 conectada con la base del contenedor de polvo 310 a través de dos planos inclinados. Estos planos inclinados dirigen el polvo a dicha ranura el cual cae por efecto de gravedad sobre la superficie de trabajo móvil posteriormente a la apertura de la compuerta 320.  The upper platform 230 has a recess in its upper face constituting the mobile work surface 240 on which the powder to be sintered is deposited. Said powder is supplied by the powder dispenser 300, which according to Figure 5 comprises a powder container compartment 310 which stores the previously charged sintering powder. To dispense the powder, the powder dispenser 300 has on its lower face a gate 320 regulated by a servo motor 330 that automatically opens and closes a dust slot 340 connected to the base of the dust container 310 through two inclined planes . These inclined planes direct the powder to said groove which falls by gravity effect on the mobile working surface after the opening of the gate 320.

El dispensador de polvo 300 cuenta además con un cuchillo nivelador 350 ubicado a continuación de la ranura para polvo 340que tiene preferentemente un ángulo de 45° con respecto al plano de fabricación para aplanar y compactar el polvo acumulado en la superficie de trabajo móvil.  The powder dispenser 300 further has a leveling knife 350 located next to the dust slot 340 preferably having an angle of 45 ° with respect to the manufacturing plane to flatten and compact the dust accumulated on the mobile work surface.

Siguiendo con la Figura 5, se tiene que la carcasa 100 del equipo SGM se encuentra conectada a una bomba de vacío 600 y a una fuente de gas 700 para controlar la atmósfera interior y evitar así que los metales a tratar al interior del equipo se oxiden. La bomba de vacío 600 se conecta mediante un acople 610 a un flexible 620, el cual a su vez está conectado a la carcasa 100 a través de la válvula de vacío 126. Por otro lado, la fuente de gas 700 puede ser por ejemplo un cilindro de argón y comprende una manguera de gas 710 conectada por un extremo a un manómetro y a una válvula. Por el otro extremo, dicha manguera está conectada a la válvula de gas 116. El manómetro permite medir la presión de vació una vez removido el aire y la presión del gas inerte en el interior de la carcasa. De esta forma, mediante la válvula de salida 140, es posible regular la salida de gas al exterior mientras se inyecta argón u otro gas inerte al interior, lo que permite en caso de requerirse, trabajar con un flujo de gas y evacuar otros compuestos gaseosos emanados en el proceso de sinterizado. Continuing with Figure 5, it has been that the housing 100 of the SGM equipment is connected to a vacuum pump 600 and a gas source 700 to control the indoor atmosphere and thus prevent the metals to be treated inside the equipment from oxidizing. The vacuum pump 600 is connected by a coupling 610 to a flexible 620, which in turn is connected to the housing 100 through the vacuum valve 126. On the other hand, the gas source 700 can be for example a Argon cylinder and comprises a gas hose 710 connected at one end to a manometer and a valve. At the other end, said hose is connected to the gas valve 116. The manometer makes it possible to measure the vacuum pressure once the air and the pressure of the inert gas inside the housing have been removed. In this way, through the outlet valve 140, it is possible to regulate the gas outlet to the outside while injecting argon or other inert gas into the interior, which allows, if required, work with a gas flow and evacuate other gaseous compounds emanating in the sintering process.

El equipo SGM de la presente invención cuenta con una serie de actuadores que deben ser programados para lograr fabricar una pieza u objeto. Dichos actuadores permiten controlar al menos los siguientes componentes del equipo: el equipo láser 400, los espejos galvanométricos 500, el motor servo 330 del dispensador de polvo 300 y los motores (211, 222) del sistema mecatrónico 200.  The SGM equipment of the present invention has a series of actuators that must be programmed to make a piece or object. Said actuators allow to control at least the following components of the equipment: the laser equipment 400, the galvanometric mirrors 500, the servo motor 330 of the powder dispenser 300 and the motors (211, 222) of the mechatronic system 200.

Para el control del equipo láser 400 se puede utilizar una pantalla de control manual, la cual permite la activación del láser por una cantidad de tiempo determinada y ajustar su potencia. Sin embargo, es posible controlar también el equipo láser 400 vía Ethernet a través de una plataforma RS-232, vía una entrada digital o por medio de cualquier otro medio de control.  For the control of the laser equipment 400, a manual control screen can be used, which allows the activation of the laser for a certain amount of time and adjust its power. However, it is also possible to control the laser device 400 via Ethernet through an RS-232 platform, via a digital input or by means of any other control means.

Por su parte, los espejos galvanométricos 500 son controlados mediante un controlador externo, por medio del cual es posible programar la oscilación ya sea de un solo espejo o de ambos, permitiendo gracias a ello originar un patrón de escaneo radial o de cualquier geometría sobre la cama de polvo.  On the other hand, the galvanometric mirrors 500 are controlled by an external controller, by means of which it is possible to program the oscillation of either a single mirror or both, thus enabling a radial scanning pattern or any geometry on the dust bed.

El motor servo 330 conectado a la compuerta 320 de paso de polvo se comanda preferentemente por una señal de pulso modulado (PWM) proveniente de un microcontrolador. The servo motor 330 connected to the dust passage gate 320 is preferably controlled by a pulse-modulated signal (PWM) from a microcontroller.

Para ello se asignan dos tipos de señales: abierto y cerrado las que se entregan cuando se requiere abrir o cerrar la compuerta 320. Finalmente, los motores (211, 222) del sistema mecatrónico 200 que determinan los ejes de desplazamiento z y Q de la superficie de trabajo móvil 240, se comandan preferentemente por un circuito integrado que comprende un controlador de motores paso a paso y una librería para programación. Los motores (211, 222) se programan para que la plataforma superior 230 gire a una velocidad definida y baje simultáneamente una distancia determinada por cada revolución. To do this, two types of signals are assigned: open and closed signals that are delivered when gate 320 is required to open or close. Finally, the motors (211, 222) of the mechatronic system 200 that determine the displacement axes z and Q of the mobile work surface 240 are preferably controlled by an integrated circuit comprising a stepper motor controller and a programming library . The motors (211, 222) are programmed so that the upper platform 230 rotates at a defined speed and simultaneously drops a certain distance for each revolution.

A continuación se describirá el procedimiento para fabricar una pieza u objeto mediante el equipo SGM propuesto por la presente invención en base a las figuras.  Next, the method for manufacturing a part or object by means of the SGM equipment proposed by the present invention will be described based on the figures.

El proceso de fabricación comienza con la carga del dispensador de polvo 300 y su instalación al interior de la carcasa 100 previo al cierre de esta última. Para ello se requiere que la compuerta 320 del dispensador esté abierta, en caso contrario se debe enviar una señal desde el microcontrolador para abrirla. Una vez cargada la cantidad de polvo necesaria a través de la compuerta 320, se procede a cerrarla enviando una señal desde el microcontrolador.  The manufacturing process begins with the loading of the powder dispenser 300 and its installation into the interior of the housing 100 prior to the closing of the latter. This requires that the gate 320 of the dispenser is open, otherwise a signal must be sent from the microcontroller to open it. Once the necessary amount of powder is loaded through gate 320, it is closed by sending a signal from the microcontroller.

Una vez cargado e instalado el dispensador de polvo 300, se procede al cierre de la carcasa 100. Para ello, es necesario asentar la empaquetadura 112 en la brida de la carcasa inferior 120 y ubicar la carcasa superior 110 sobre esta, uniéndolas mediante los pernos 111. Luego se realizan pruebas de funcionamiento del sistema mecatrónico, como por ejemplo verificar que la plataforma sea capaz de girar, subir y bajar, etc. Posteriormente se abre la compuerta 320 del dispensador de polvo 300 y se deposita la primera cama de polvo sobre la superficie de trabajo móvil 240.  Once the powder dispenser 300 is loaded and installed, the housing 100 is closed. For this, it is necessary to seat the gasket 112 in the flange of the lower housing 120 and locate the upper housing 110 on it, joining them by means of the bolts. 111. Then, tests of the mechatronic system are performed, such as verifying that the platform is able to rotate, raise and lower, etc. Subsequently, the gate 320 of the powder dispenser 300 is opened and the first powder bed is deposited on the mobile work surface 240.

A continuación se procede a preparar la atmósfera libre de oxígeno al interior del equipo para evitar la oxidación de la pieza a fabricar. Para ello, se procede al vaciado de la cámara de fabricación por medio de la bomba de vacío 600 y a la administración de gas inerte por medio de la fuente de gas 700. Para esto se requiere cerrar la válvula de salida 140, cerrar la válvula de gas 116, abrir la válvula de vacío 126 y posteriormente encender la bomba de vacío 600. La presión al interior de la carcasa se mide con el manómetro ubicado en la entrada de la válvula de gas 116 y una vez alcanzada la presión negativa deseada, se cierra la válvula de vacío 126 y se apaga la bomba de vacío 600. Then proceed to prepare the oxygen-free atmosphere inside the equipment to avoid oxidation of the piece to be manufactured. For this, the emptying of the manufacturing chamber is carried out by means of the vacuum pump 600 and the administration of inert gas by means of the gas source 700. For this it is required to close the outlet valve 140, close the valve gas 116, open the vacuum valve 126 and subsequently turn on the vacuum pump 600. The pressure inside the housing is measured with the pressure gauge located at the inlet of the gas valve 116 and once the desired negative pressure is reached, the vacuum valve 126 is closed and the vacuum pump 600 is turned off.

Para llenar la cámara con gas inerte se abre la válvula de gas 116 y se llena hasta la presión requerida. De acuerdo a ciertas modalidades de la invención es posible trabajar con un flujo de gas constante, en este caso se debe regular la válvula de salida 140 y la válvula de gas To fill the chamber with inert gas, the gas valve 116 is opened and filled to the required pressure. According to certain embodiments of the invention it is possible to work with a constant gas flow, in which case the outlet valve 140 and the gas valve must be regulated

116 para mantener el flujo deseado al interior de la carcasa. Esto ayuda a evacuar vapores generados en el proceso de sinterizado, los que generalmente dificultan la llegada del láser al polvo. El flujo de gas entra radialmente desde el exterior, recorre la cámara axialmente y sale por la válvula de salida ubicada en la parte superior de la carcasa. 116 to maintain the desired flow inside the housing. This helps to evacuate vapors generated in the sintering process, which usually hinder the arrival of the laser to dust. The gas flow enters radially from the outside, travels through the chamber axially and exits through the outlet valve located in the upper part of the housing.

ETna vez preparada la atmósfera al interior de la carcasa 100 comienza la fabricación de la pieza por medio de la interacción de los elementos previamente programados por separado, a saber, el equipo láser 400, los espejos galvanométricos 500 y el sistema mecatrónico 200, los cuales son comandados por el microcontrolador.  Once the atmosphere has been prepared inside the housing 100, the manufacture of the piece begins by means of the interaction of the elements previously programmed separately, namely the laser 400 equipment, the galvanometric mirrors 500 and the mechatronic system 200, which they are commanded by the microcontroller.

De esta forma, el equipo láser 400 emite un haz de salida 410 el cual es dirigido hacia la superficie de trabajo móvil 240 por medio de los espejos galvanométricos 500, pasando a través de la lente F-Theta 550 y la ventana óptica 130 de la carcasa 100. Al mismo tiempo, los motores (211, 222) del sistema mecatrónico 200 hacen girar y descender progresivamente la superficie de trabajo móvil 240 que contiene el polvo a sinterizar por el láser en cada revolución, mientras que el dispensador de polvo 300 suministra el polvo a sinterizar través de la apertura de la compuerta 320 accionada por el motor servo 330 y lo aplana y compacta por medio del cuchillo nivelador In this way, the laser equipment 400 emits an output beam 410 which is directed towards the mobile work surface 240 by means of the galvanometric mirrors 500, passing through the lens F-Theta 550 and the optical window 130 of the housing 100. At the same time, the motors (211, 222) of the mechatronic system 200 rotate and progressively lower the mobile work surface 240 containing the powder to be sintered by the laser in each revolution, while the powder dispenser 300 supplies the powder to be sintered through the opening of the gate 320 operated by the servo motor 330 and flattens and compacts it by means of the leveling knife

350. 350

En el diagrama de la Figura 7 se ilustra a modo de ejemplo la secuencia de escaneo del haz de láser 420 para sinterizar la pieza a fabricar, en donde primeramente se escanea el borde 800 de una sección de la pieza y posteriormente el relleno a partir del patrón de escaneo 810, lo cual permite obtener mejores terminaciones superficiales y propiedades mecánicas. El giro de la plataforma superior 230 ubicada bajo el dispensador de polvo 300 desplaza la sección completamente sinterizada 820 y sitúa la próxima sección a sinterizar 830 en la zona de escaneo. The diagram of Figure 7 illustrates by way of example the scan sequence of the laser beam 420 for sintering the piece to be manufactured, where the edge 800 of a section of the piece is first scanned and subsequently the filling from the Scan pattern 810, which allows to obtain better surface finishes and mechanical properties. The turn of the upper platform 230 located under the powder dispenser 300 displaces the completely sintered section 820 and places the next section to be sintered 830 in the scanning zone.

La Figura 8 ejemplifica 3 posibles patrones de escaneo para el relleno de la pieza a fabricar, lo cual es posible gracias a que el haz de láser 420 puede moverse sobre la cama de polvo en las dos coordenadas horizontales (X, Y) gracias a la acción del par de espejos galvanométricos en combinación con el giro de la plataforma superior 230. Así, el patrón a) representa un escaneo a 0o respecto a la dirección de avance, el patrón b) representa un escaneo a 45° y el patrón c) representa un escaneo a 90°, que dependerán exclusivamente de la forma de la pieza a fabricar y de las propiedades mecánicas o calidad que se quiera obtener en la misma. No obstante los valores anteriores son meramente ejemplificativos, pudiendo comprender la invención cualquier ángulo comprendido entre 0o y 90°. Figure 8 exemplifies 3 possible scanning patterns for the filling of the piece to be manufactured, which is possible thanks to the fact that the laser beam 420 can move on the powder bed in the two horizontal coordinates (X, Y) thanks to the action of the pair of galvanometric mirrors in combination with the rotation of the upper platform 230. Thus, the pattern a) represents a scan at 0 or with respect to the direction of advance, the pattern b) represents a scan at 45 ° and the pattern c ) represents a scan at 90 °, which will depend exclusively on the shape of the piece to be manufactured and the mechanical properties or quality that you want to obtain in it. However the above values are merely exemplary, the invention can comprise any angle from 0 or 90 °.

Análogamente, en la Figura 9 se ilustra la función de precalentamiento que tiene el equipo SGM propuesto, en donde mediante el haz de láser 420 se escanea previo al sinterizado, una zona determinada de la cama de polvo denominada zona precalentada 840, que permite mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de la pieza resultante en especial cuando se forma a partir de polvos poliméricos. Dicha zona precalentada 840 se genera en cada avance de la plataforma superior 230 y luego se procede con el escaneo definitivo de acuerdo a la Figura 7.  Similarly, in Figure 9 the preheating function of the proposed SGM equipment is illustrated, whereby the laser beam 420 is scanned prior to sintering, a determined area of the powder bed called preheated zone 840, which allows to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting piece especially when it is formed from polymer powders. Said preheated zone 840 is generated in each advance of the upper platform 230 and then proceeds with the definitive scanning according to Figure 7.

Una vez terminado el objeto, concluye el proceso de fabricación y se procede a apagar todos los sistemas, se cierra el paso de gas y se abre la válvula de salida 140. A continuación se remueven todos los pernos 111, se quita la ventana óptica 130 y se abre la carcasa 100. El objeto se retira desde la cama de polvos ubicada sobre la plataforma superior 230, desenterrándolo y removiendo todo el exceso de polvo suelto a su alrededor.  Once the object is finished, the manufacturing process is concluded and all the systems are turned off, the gas passage is closed and the exit valve 140 is opened. Then all the bolts 111 are removed, the optical window 130 is removed. and the housing 100 is opened. The object is removed from the powder bed located on the upper platform 230, by unearthing it and removing all excess loose powder around it.

EJEMPLO DE APLICACIÓN Mediante el equipo SGM propuesto se procedió a fabricar tres muestras con forma de argolla a partir de polvo metálico. Para ello se utilizó un polvo metálico comercial, denominado DirectMetal 20 (DM20) de la empresa EOS GmbH. APPLICATION EXAMPLE Using the proposed SGM equipment, three ring-shaped samples were made from metal powder. For this, a commercial metallic powder was used, called DirectMetal 20 (DM20) from EOS GmbH.

Se realizó un diseño experimental factorial de 2 factores y 3 niveles, que consistente en variar el espesor de la capa entre 400, 500 y 600 mieras, variando también la potencia del láser en tres niveles: 150, 200 y 250 W. Las dimensiones de cada argolla se hicieron variar entre 36 y 47 mm de radio exterior y entre 22 y 33 mm de radio interior con un número de revoluciones de la plataforma entre 2-5.  A factorial experimental design of 2 factors and 3 levels was carried out, consisting of varying the thickness of the layer between 400, 500 and 600 microns, also varying the power of the laser in three levels: 150, 200 and 250 W. The dimensions of each ring was varied between 36 and 47 mm of outer radius and between 22 and 33 mm of inner radius with a number of revolutions of the platform between 2-5.

El láser se focalizó sobre la superficie del sustrato y realizó un movimiento radial alternante de amplitud 5 mm a una velocidad de escaneo de 80 mm/s. Las velocidades de rotación angular y axial de la plataforma se mantuvieron fijas, siendo la de rotación 1 revolución por minuto y la velocidad axial 400, 500 o 600 mieras por revolución. La atmósfera interior se controló mediante la remoción de aire al interior de la cámara por la bomba de vacío y la adición de gas argón. Las presiones de diseño fueron -0,3 bar en vacío y 2 bar de en gas argón. Se trabajó con un flujo de gas inerte para remover tanto los vapores generados en el proceso como posibles moléculas de oxígeno que pudieran haber quedado adsorbidas dentro de la cámara.  The laser was focused on the surface of the substrate and made an alternating radial movement of 5 mm amplitude at a scanning speed of 80 mm / s. The speeds of angular and axial rotation of the platform were fixed, the rotation being 1 revolution per minute and the axial speed 400, 500 or 600 microns per revolution. The interior atmosphere was controlled by the removal of air inside the chamber by the vacuum pump and the addition of argon gas. The design pressures were -0.3 bar in vacuum and 2 bar in argon gas. We worked with a flow of inert gas to remove both the vapors generated in the process and possible oxygen molecules that could have been adsorbed inside the chamber.

En la tabla a continuación se detallan los parámetros y valores utilizados para la fabricación de las muestras:  In the table below, the parameters and values used for the manufacture of the samples are detailed:

Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000018_0001

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES 1. Equipo SGM para la fabricación de piezas u objetos de revolución axi-simétricos, el cual comprende:  1. SGM equipment for the manufacture of axi-symmetric parts or objects of revolution, which comprises: una carcasa (100) en cuyo interior se dispone un sistema de fabricación conformado por un sistema mecatrónico (200) y un dispensador de polvo (300), en donde dicho sistema mecatrónico (200) comprende una superficie de trabajo móvil (240) en el eje vertical (Z) y tangencial (Q);  a casing (100) inside which a manufacturing system consisting of a mechatronic system (200) and a powder dispenser (300) is arranged, wherein said mechatronic system (200) comprises a mobile work surface (240) in the vertical axis (Z) and tangential axis (Q); un equipo láser (400) ubicado fuera de la carcasa (100) configurado para emitir un haz de salida (410) a través de una ventana óptica (130) de la carcasa (100);  a laser equipment (400) located outside the housing (100) configured to emit an output beam (410) through an optical window (130) of the housing (100); CARACTERIZADO porque dicho haz de salida (410) es focalizado a través de la ventana óptica (130) y sobre la superficie de trabajo móvil (240) por medio de un par de espejos galvanométricos (500) accionados por un controlador y por una lente F-Theta (550) ubicados fuera de la carcasa (100), en donde el par de espejos galvanométricos consiste en un primer espejo (510) que oscila en una primera dirección (X) y en un segundo espejo (520) que oscila en una segunda dirección (Y).  CHARACTERIZED because said output beam (410) is focused through the optical window (130) and on the mobile working surface (240) by means of a pair of galvanometric mirrors (500) driven by a controller and by a lens F -Theta (550) located outside the housing (100), wherein the pair of galvanometric mirrors consists of a first mirror (510) that oscillates in a first direction (X) and in a second mirror (520) that oscillates in a second address (Y). 2. El equipo según la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque el primer espejo (510) está fijo en una posición definida y el segundo espejo (520) está configurado para moverse. The equipment according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the first mirror (510) is fixed in a defined position and the second mirror (520) is configured to move. 3. El equipo según la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque tanto el primer espejo (510) como el segundo espejo (520) están configurados para moverse. 3. The equipment according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that both the first mirror (510) and the second mirror (520) are configured to move. 4. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque el haz de láser emitido por el equipo láser (400) pasa por un cable de fibra óptica que comprende en su extremo un cabezal óptico. The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the laser beam emitted by the laser equipment (400) passes through a fiber optic cable comprising at its end an optical head. 5. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque la carcasa (100) consta de una cámara superior (110) y una cámara inferior (120) unidas herméticamente. The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the housing (100) comprises an upper chamber (110) and a lower chamber (120) hermetically joined. 6. El equipo según la reivindicación 5, CARACTERIZADO porque la ventana óptica (130) se ubica en la cara superior de la cámara superior (110) y está sellada por una empaquetadura a cada lado de la misma y presionada con una tapa superior de acero inoxidable mediante pernos. The equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the optical window (130) is located on the upper face of the upper chamber (110) and is sealed by a gasket on each side thereof and pressed with a steel top cover. stainless using bolts. 7. El equipo según la reivindicación 5 o 6, CARACTERIZADO porque las cámaras (110, 120) están unidas mediante pernos (111) y por una empaquetadura (112) dispuesta entre unas bridas de ambas cámaras. The equipment according to claim 5 or 6, CHARACTERIZED in that the chambers (110, 120) are joined by bolts (111) and by a gasket (112) disposed between flanges of both chambers. 8. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque la carcasa (100) comprende una válvula de salida (140). The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the housing (100) comprises an outlet valve (140). 9. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque la carcasa (100) comprende conductos de cables superior e inferior (115, 125), una válvula de gas (116) y una válvula de vacío (126). The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the housing (100) comprises upper and lower cable conduits (115, 125), a gas valve (116) and a vacuum valve (126). 10. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque la carcasa (100) tiene forma cilindrica. The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the housing (100) has a cylindrical shape. 11. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque la carcasa (100) es de acero inoxidable. The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the housing (100) is made of stainless steel. 12. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema mecatrónico (200) comprende tres plataformas concéntricas y paralelas sostenidas por una estructura de soporte (201) acoplada a la base de la carcasa (100). The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the mechatronic system (200) comprises three concentric and parallel platforms supported by a support structure (201) coupled to the base of the housing (100). 13. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema mecatrónico comprende una plataforma inferior (210) conectada a un primer motor (211) y a al menos un rodamiento lineal (212) que contiene a un riel vertical (214). The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the mechatronic system comprises a lower platform (210) connected to a first motor (211) and to at least one linear bearing (212) containing a vertical rail (214). 14. El equipo según la reivindicación 13, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema mecatrónico comprende una plataforma intermedia (220) solidaria a los rieles verticales (214) y conectada a un tornillo sinfín controlado por el primer motor (211). 14. The equipment according to claim 13, characterized in that the mechatronic system comprises an intermediate platform (220) fixed to the vertical rails (214) and connected to a worm screw controlled by the first motor (211). 15. El equipo según la reivindicación 14, CARACTERIZADO porque la plataforma intermedia (220) comprende un segundo motor (222) conectado a un engranaje (233) de una plataforma superior (230). 15. The equipment according to claim 14, characterized in that the intermediate platform (220) comprises a second motor (222) connected to a gear (233) of an upper platform (230). 16. El equipo según la reivindicación 15, CARACTERIZADO porque la plataforma superior (230) posee un vaciado en su cara superior que constituye la superficie de trabajo móvil16. The equipment according to claim 15, CHARACTERIZED in that the upper platform (230) has a recess in its upper face that constitutes the mobile work surface (240). (240) 17. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque el dispensador de polvo (300) comprende un compartimento contenedor de polvo (310) que posee una ranura para polvo (340); y una compuerta (320) regulada por un motor servo (330). The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the powder dispenser (300) comprises a powder container compartment (310) having a dust slot (340); and a gate (320) regulated by a servo motor (330). 18. El equipo según la reivindicación 17, CARACTERIZADO porque la base del contenedor de polvo (310) comprende dos planos inclinados que convergen en la ranura para polvo (340). 18. The equipment according to claim 17, CHARACTERIZED in that the base of the powder container (310) comprises two inclined planes converging in the dust slot (340). 19. El equipo según la reivindicación 17 o 18, CARACTERIZADO porque el dispensador de polvo (300) cuenta además con un cuchillo nivelador (350) ubicado a continuación de la ranura para polvo (340). 19. The equipment according to claim 17 or 18, CHARACTERIZED in that the powder dispenser (300) further has a leveling knife (350) located next to the dust slot (340). 20. El equipo según la reivindicación 19, CARACTERIZADO porque el cuchillo nivelador (350) posee un ángulo de 45° respecto a la superficie de trabajo móvil. 20. The equipment according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED in that the leveling knife (350) has an angle of 45 ° with respect to the mobile work surface. 21. El equipo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, CARACTERIZADO porque la carcasa (100) está conectada a una bomba de vacío (600) y a una fuente de gas (700). The equipment according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the housing (100) is connected to a vacuum pump (600) and a gas source (700). 22. El equipo según la reivindicación 9 y 21, CARACTERIZADO porque la bomba de vacío (600) está conectada mediante un acople (610) a un flexible (620), el cual a su vez está conectado a la carcasa (100) a través de la válvula de vacío (126). 22. The equipment according to claim 9 and 21, CHARACTERIZED in that the vacuum pump (600) is connected by a coupling (610) to a flexible (620), which in turn is connected to the housing (100) through of the vacuum valve (126). 23. El equipo según la reivindicación 9 y 21, o 22, CARACTERIZADO porque la fuente de gas (700) comprende una manguera de gas (710) conectada por un extremo a un manómetro y a una válvula, y por el otro extremo a la válvula de gas (116). The equipment according to claim 9 and 21, or 22, CHARACTERIZED in that the gas source (700) comprises a gas hose (710) connected at one end to a manometer and a valve, and at the other end to the valve of gas (116). 24. El equipo según las reivindicaciones 1, 13, 15 y 17, CARACTERIZADO porque cuenta con actuadores conectados a al menos: el equipo láser (400), los espejos galvanométricos (500), el motor servo (330) y los motores (211, 222). 24. The equipment according to claims 1, 13, 15 and 17, CHARACTERIZED because it has actuators connected to at least: the laser equipment (400), the galvanometric mirrors (500), the servo motor (330) and the motors (211) , 222). 25. Método para fabricar una pieza u objeto mediante el equipo SGM según las reivindicaciones 1 a 24, que comprende los pasos de: 25. Method for manufacturing a part or object by the SGM equipment according to claims 1 to 24, comprising the steps of: cargar en un dispensador de polvo (300), polvo para fabricar la pieza; instalar el dispensador de polvo al interior de una carcasa (100) del equipo SGM y cerrar dicha carcasa (100);  load in a powder dispenser (300), powder to manufacture the piece; installing the powder dispenser inside a housing (100) of the SGM equipment and closing said housing (100); abrir una compuerta (320) del dispensador de polvo (300) y depositar una primera cama de polvo sobre una superficie de trabajo móvil (240) de un sistema mecatrónico (200) ubicado al interior de la carcasa (100);  opening a gate (320) of the powder dispenser (300) and depositing a first powder bed on a mobile work surface (240) of a mechatronic system (200) located inside the housing (100); emitir un haz de salida (410) desde el equipo láser (400) y dirigirlo hacia la superficie de trabajo móvil (240) a través de una ventana óptica (130) de la carcasa (100);  emitting an output beam (410) from the laser equipment (400) and directing it towards the mobile work surface (240) through an optical window (130) of the casing (100); CARACTERIZADO porque además comprende escanear la pieza a fabricar desplazando sobre la superficie de trabajo móvil (240) el haz de láser por medio de espejos galvanométricos (500) accionados por un controlador y de una lente F-Theta (550), dirigiendo dicho haz a través de un primer espejo (510) que oscila en una primera dirección (X), luego a un segundo espejo (520) que oscila en una segunda dirección (Y) y posteriormente a través de la lente F-Theta (550); y  CHARACTERIZED because it also includes scanning the piece to be manufactured by moving the laser beam onto the mobile working surface (240) by means of galvanometric mirrors (500) operated by a controller and an F-Theta lens (550), directing said beam to through a first mirror (510) that oscillates in a first direction (X), then to a second mirror (520) that oscillates in a second direction (Y) and later through the lens F-Theta (550); Y hacer girar y descender progresivamente la superficie de trabajo móvil (240), depositando sobre ella una nueva capa de polvo. gradually rotating and descending the mobile work surface (240), depositing a new layer of powder on it. 26. El método según la reivindicación 25, CARACTERIZADO porque el escaneo de la pieza se realiza escaneando el borde (800) de una sección de la pieza y posteriormente el relleno a partir de un patrón de escaneo (810); y porque el giro de la superficie de trabajo móvil (240) desplaza la sección completamente sinterizada (820) y sitúa la próxima sección a sinterizar (830) en la zona de escaneo. 26. The method according to claim 25, CHARACTERIZED in that the scanning of the piece is performed by scanning the edge (800) of a section of the piece and subsequently filling it from a scanning pattern (810); and in that the rotation of the mobile work surface (240) displaces the completely sintered section (820) and places the next section to be sintered (830) in the scanning zone. 27. El método según la reivindicación 26, CARACTERIZADO porque el escaneo del relleno de la pieza se realiza siguiendo un patrón de escaneo (810) a un ángulo respecto a la dirección de avance comprendido en el rango de: 0o a 90°. 27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the scanning of the filling of the piece is carried out following a scanning pattern (810) at an angle with respect to the direction of advance comprised in the range of: 0 or to 90 °. 28. El método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 25 a 27, CARACTERIZADO porque previamente al escaneo de la pieza a fabricar, el haz de láser (420) precalienta la cama de polvo escaneando sobre ella una zona precalentada (840). The method according to any of claims 25 to 27, CHARACTERIZED because prior to scanning the piece to be manufactured, the laser beam (420) preheats the powder bed by scanning over it a preheated zone (840). 29. El método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 25 a 29, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende vaciar la cámara de fabricación formada al interior de la carcasa (100) por medio de una bomba de vacío (600) y administrar a esta gas inerte por medio de una fuente de gas (700). 29. The method according to any of claims 25 to 29, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises emptying the manufacturing chamber formed inside the housing (100) by means of a vacuum pump (600) and administering this inert gas by means of a gas source (700). 30. El método según la reivindicación 29, CARACTERIZADO porque el paso de vaciar la cámara de fabricación comprende las etapas de: 30. The method according to claim 29, CHARACTERIZED in that the step of emptying the manufacturing chamber comprises the steps of: a.cerrar una válvula de salida (140) de la carcasa;  closing an outlet valve (140) of the housing; b. cerrar una válvula de gas (116) de la carcasa;  b. closing a gas valve (116) of the housing; c. abrir una válvula de vacío (126) de la carcasa;  c. opening a vacuum valve (126) of the housing; d. Encender la bomba de vacío (600); e. Medir la presión al interior de la carcasa con un manómetro ubicado en la entrada de la válvula de gas (116) y una vez alcanzada la presión negativa deseada, cerrar la válvula de vacío (126); y d. Turn on the vacuum pump (600); and. Measure the pressure inside the housing with a pressure gauge located at the inlet of the gas valve (116) and once the desired negative pressure has been reached, close the vacuum valve (126); Y f. apagar la bomba de vacío (600).  F. turn off the vacuum pump (600). 31. El método según la reivindicación 29 o 30, CARACTERIZADO porque el paso de administrar gas inerte a la cámara de fabricación comprende abrir la válvula de gas (116) y llenarla la cámara de fabricación hasta alcanzar la presión requerida. 31. The method according to claim 29 or 30, CHARACTERIZED in that the step of administering inert gas to the manufacturing chamber comprises opening the gas valve (116) and filling the manufacturing chamber until the required pressure is reached. 32. El método según la reivindicación 30 y 31, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende regular la válvula de salida (140) y la válvula de gas (116) para mantener el flujo deseado al interior de la carcasa.  32. The method according to claim 30 and 31, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises regulating the outlet valve (140) and the gas valve (116) to maintain the desired flow into the interior of the housing. 33. El método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 25 a 32, CARACTERIZADO porque el paso de cerrar la carcasa (100) comprende asentar una empaquetadura (112) en la brida de una carcasa inferior (120) y ubicar una carcasa superior (110) sobre esta, uniéndolas mediante pernos (111). The method according to any of claims 25 to 32, CHARACTERIZED in that the step of closing the housing (100) comprises seating a gasket (112) in the flange of a lower housing (120) and locating an upper housing (110) on this, joining them by bolts (111). 34. El método según las reivindicaciones 30 y 33, CARACTERIZADO porque una vez terminado el objeto, comprende los pasos de: 34. The method according to claims 30 and 33, CHARACTERIZED because once the object is finished, it comprises the steps of: a. cerrar el paso de gas y la válvula de salida (140);  to. close the gas passage and the outlet valve (140); b. remover los pernos (111);  b. remove the bolts (111); c. quitar la ventana óptica (130);  c. remove the optical window (130); d. abrir la carcasa (100); y  d. open the casing (100); Y e. retirar la pieza fabricada desde la cama de polvo.  and. Remove the piece manufactured from the dust bed.
PCT/CL2018/050124 2017-12-14 2018-12-13 Sgm equipment for the production of axisymmetric and rotationally-symmetric objects or parts Ceased WO2019113720A1 (en)

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CL2017003215A CL2017003215A1 (en) 2017-12-14 2017-12-14 Sgm equipment and method for the manufacture of axi-symmetric parts or objects of revolution.
CL3215-2017 2017-12-14

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10235434A1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2004-02-12 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Device for producing a three-dimensional object by e.g. selective laser sintering comprises a support and a material-distributing unit which move relative to each other
US20140363585A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2014-12-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Machine and process for powder-based additive manufacturing
WO2016096407A1 (en) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-23 Arcam Ab Method and apparatus for additive manufacturing using a two dimensional angular coordinate system
WO2017121995A1 (en) * 2016-01-13 2017-07-20 Renishaw Plc Powder bed fusion apparatus and methods

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10235434A1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2004-02-12 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Device for producing a three-dimensional object by e.g. selective laser sintering comprises a support and a material-distributing unit which move relative to each other
US20140363585A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2014-12-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Machine and process for powder-based additive manufacturing
WO2016096407A1 (en) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-23 Arcam Ab Method and apparatus for additive manufacturing using a two dimensional angular coordinate system
WO2017121995A1 (en) * 2016-01-13 2017-07-20 Renishaw Plc Powder bed fusion apparatus and methods

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