WO2019110223A1 - Motor vehicle having an ambient air filtration device and ambient air filtration device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a motor vehicle (1), in particular a road vehicle, in particular a passenger vehicle, bus, truck or rail vehicle, in particular a multiple-unit train or locomotive, which has at least one air inlet opening (6) in a front region, behind which an ambient air cleaning device (2) is arranged, which is designed, in particular, for the removal of particles, in particular fine dust, and/or gases from the ambient air. The ambient air cleaning device (2) has at least one filter element (21) with at least one filter medium that is folded to form at least one filter bellows (211), wherein the filter element (21) has a plurality of fold stabilising means (22, 23, 24, 25) which support the filter bellows (211) and are provided at a lateral distance of no more than 150 mm from one another. The invention also relates to the ambient air cleaning device (2) per se.

Description

 MOTOR VEHICLE WITH AMBIENT AIR FILTER AND

 ENVIRONMENT AIR FILTER DEVICE

Technical area

 The invention relates to a motor vehicle, in particular, but not limited to, a road vehicle, such as a passenger car, bus, truck or rail vehicle, in particular a trainset or a locomotive having an ambient air cleaning device, in particular for the separation of dust - Ben, in particular fine dust, and / or gases is formed. Furthermore, the invention relates to the ambient air cleaning device per se.

Due to the progressing urbanization, especially in metropolitan areas, there is the problem that the ambient air from industrial emissions, road traffic and private fireplaces, especially in adverse weather conditions (no rain, inversion, low wind speeds, no air exchange between high altitudes) limits for fine dust and / or or gases such as ozone, NOx, CO can be exceeded many times over.

It is an already documented in the prior art approach to use the already existing vehicle inventories (eg, in Germany in 2014 about 44 million, in China more than 106 million pieces) as a mobile ambient air purifier.

The issue of transport-related emissions has recently been aggravated by the fact that driving restrictions in zones of particularly high levels of air pollution have been demanded for certain motor vehicle groups, in particular diesel cars; This is primarily, but not limited to, due to their PM 2.5 particle emission (particulate matter).

State of the art

Various approaches are known from the prior art for using vehicles as ambient air purifiers. From DE 20 2006 004 522 U1 a vehicle with a fine dust filter is known, which is arranged in the front area in the immediate vicinity of a radiator. The filter is designed according to the principle of electrical or magnetic deposition. The disadvantage of this is that a fine dust filter, which functions according to the principle of electrical or magnetic separation, is susceptible and power is required for its operation.

In addition, from DE 20 2007 003 773 U1 a motor vehicle with a fine dust filter in the front region is known in which the actual filter is arranged in a housing which has both inflow and outflow openings. The filter is not described in detail. The disadvantage here is that the available direct inflow surface essentially the comparatively small cross-sectional area of the o.g. Openings corresponds, so that no appreciable volumes of air can be filtered with such a device.

EP 1 082 990 B1 finally discloses a motor vehicle having an ambient air cleaning device which is designed to remove certain harmful gases such as CO, O 3, NO x by adsorption from the ambient air. The adsorbent used for this purpose can be regenerated, it being provided, as a heat source for regeneration, to use a cooler in the front region, the waste heat of which can be fed to the adsorbent when regeneration is required.

Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved motor vehicle having an ambient air cleaning device in the front area, in particular for particle filtration, in particular for filtering fine dust, which is robust enough to withstand the high mechanical stresses of the To withstand installation locations, the separation itself requires no auxiliary power and through which the largest possible volume flow is feasible.

This is achieved by a motor vehicle having the features of independent claim 1 and by an ambient air cleaning device having the features of claim 19. Disclosure of the invention

 The motor vehicle according to the invention, which may in particular be a road vehicle, for example a passenger car, bus, lorry or rail vehicle, such as a multiple unit or locomotive, has at least one air inlet opening in a front area, behind which one Ambient air cleaning device is arranged. The ambient air cleaning device is designed in particular for removing particles, in particular fine dust (PM 2.5), and / or gases from the ambient air. The ambient air cleaning device has at least one filter element which has at least one filter medium folded to at least one filter bellows, the filter element having a plurality of wrinkle stabilizing means which support the filter bellows and are present at a lateral distance of not more than 150 mm from one another. The motor vehicle may have an electric and / or combustion engine drive, with electric drive also including, of course, a fuel cell drive. The term "behind the at least one air inlet opening" is not strictly limited to a "space behind" in relation to the ambient air cleaning device herein, but may also generally be a downstream flow.

The air inlet opening, behind which the ambient air cleaning device is present, can be covered in particular by a cooling air inlet opening and, for example, by a radiator grille. This can be especially with respect to the vehicle's vertical axis on a flea with the headlights or below or above. In general, it is important that the cross-sectional area of the air inlet opening is as large as possible, so that the largest possible amount of air can be supplied.

The support of the filter bellows according to the invention by means of a folding stabilizer takes account of two problems which would otherwise lead to serious technical problems in the case of an arrangement in the front region. First, a arranged in the front area filter element is flown at the full speed, which has a very high dynamic pressure result, and second, the filter element is fully exposed to moisture effects, not only by precipitation, but also by the effects of cleaning the vehicle, such as a High pressure cleaner. This has meant that in the prior art rather on electromagnetic Separation principles was set and concepts of "classic" folded Filterele elements have never prevailed.

Surprisingly, the above-mentioned challenges can be elegantly solved by a support of the folds of the filter bellows by wrinkle stabilizing means in a maximum distance of 150 mm, so that the filter element survives both a flow at V _ma x, eg 180 km / h, preferably> 200 km / h, without damage as well as that it can not damage the external cleaning action of high-pressure cleaners. Without effective pleat stabilizing means, a filter element with a classical bellows structure threatens to package the pleats during such mechanical action, ie a closure of the pleat interspaces, which leads to a sudden loss of filter surface and thus directly to a corresponding increase in the throughflow resistance and thus corresponding waste the volume flow leads.

The range according to the invention of the lateral distance of the wrinkle stabilizing means of not greater than 150 mm may advantageously be limited downwards such that the distance is preferably greater than 15 mm, preferably greater than 30 mm, otherwise an unfavorable ratio of the wrinkle stabilizing agent concealed Filterbalgbereichen and freely permeable areas vorläge.

Various wrinkle stabilizing agents are possible which fulfill this function.

It has surprisingly been found and verified by means of parametric simulation that a motor vehicle with such an ambient air cleaning device is capable of accounting as a zero emission vehicle. Alternatively, embodiments of the motor vehicle are possible - even with less expenditure on equipment - in which optionally only the particulate matter emission of brakes and / or combustion engines is compensated by the ambient air cleaning device.

In a particular embodiment it can be provided that the Faltenstabilisie- rungsmittel each parallel to each other, preferably in fold transverse direction, extend. Of course, other angular orientations are also possible, for example diagonally. It can Also, two sets of wrinkle stabilizing means may be provided, each running in parallel and intersecting each other.

A parallel course has the advantage that it can be easily implemented in the filter element production by continuous manufacturing processes. An arrangement of the wrinkle stabilizing means in the transverse fold direction is also particularly advantageous, since in this case the smallest possible support length between two adjacent folds is realized, which leads to a particularly effective pleat support. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that a pleated longitudinal extension extends in the direction of the vertical axis of the vehicle, as this can minimize the deformation of the pleats due to the effect of gravity. The above-described problem of packaging or closing the interstices between folds can be further reduced by this measure.

In a further embodiment it can be provided that the folding stabilizer means at least in the direction of travel rear, i. on a clean air side of the filter element, preferably additionally in the direction of travel at the front, i. on a raw air side of the Filterele element, present.

By such an arrangement, at least on the clean side is reliably prevented that the wrinkles under the o.g. Compact mechanical loads. An additional arrangement on the raw side further increases the load capacity, but the greater contribution to the filter element rigidity is provided by the pure-side pleat stabilizing means.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the filter medium has a bending inherent stiffness of at least 1 Nm ² , preferably at least 2 Nm ² . What is meant here is an intrinsic bending stiffness of the filter medium, ie in an unprocessed / unfolded state.

According to yet another embodiment, the wrinkle stabilizing means may comprise at least one inner wrinkle stabilizing agent which at least partially engages the wrinkle interstices, preferably fills the interstices between wrinkles. In which inner wrinkle stabilizing agent may be, for example, a continuous adhesive bead and / or an intervening stabilizing comb. In the present case, a "continuous adhesive bead" is understood to mean a bead of adhesive which is already applied to the flat filter medium prior to folding and thus extends completely from the fold bottom to the fold tip after folding, ie is designed to be continuous. Alternatively or additionally, at least one outer Faltenstabilisierungs- means may be provided which is connected at least with each adjacent pleat tips. The outer wrinkle stabilizing means may comprise at least one bead of adhesive connected at least to the crimp tips, at least one thread connected at least to the pleat tips, and / or at least one stabilizing band or rib and / or at least one support grid. The outer pleat stabilizing means may also be integrally bonded to the pleat tips, thereby contributing to optimum introduction of force from the pleat tips into the outer pleat stabilizing means. Such a cohesive connection can be achieved, for example, by welding the outer fold stabilizing means to the filter bellows, in particular the pleat tips, in particular by mirror welding. In contrast to the inner wrinkle stabilizing agents, the adhesive bead of the outer wrinkle stabilizer is not a continuous bead of adhesive, but superficially connected to the pleat tips.

The adhesive beads of the inner and / or outer wrinkle stabilizing means may have a width in a range of 0.5 mm to 12 mm, preferably 1 mm to 8 mm. In a particular embodiment, the pleats of the filter bladder are "folded in a block" such that the pleat spacing is approximately twice the width of the passing glue beads (as inner pleat stabilizing means). As a material for the Kleberaupen is about a hot melt adhesive into consideration.

Alternatively or additionally, the filter medium of the filter element of the ambient air cleaning device can have one or more stamping lines, which preferably run in the transverse direction of folding. By means of such embossing lines, the rigidity of the folds of the filter bellows is additionally increased by an increase in the area moment of inertia, which additionally contributes to preventing a collapse / compacting of the folds under the action of pressure. In a particularly preferred embodiment it can be provided that the filter element of the ambient air cleaning device has a collapse compressive strength of at least 15 mbar, preferably at least 25 mbar. Alternatively or additionally, the ambient air cleaning device can advantageously have a filter area of at least 1 m ² , preferably at least 2 m ² , most preferably at least 4 m ² . Depending on the embodiment, the filter surface can be distributed over one, two or even more individual filter elements.

Furthermore, the depth of the filter element in the vehicle longitudinal direction can be less than 150 mm, preferably less than 10 mm, but should not be less than 10 mm, since otherwise no filter surface that can be used effectively can be realized, while the maximum depth for a compact, space-saving design is essential.

In one embodiment of the application for a typical mid-range passenger car, the dimensions of an inflow surface of the ambient air cleaning device may be, for example, 45 cm (fleas) x 65 cm (width). Depending on the size of the vehicle, however, significant deviations are possible, so that in principle a dimension range of 20 cm width to 120 cm width and 15 cm fleas to 100 cm fleas are possible.

According to yet another embodiment, it can be provided that the ambient air cleaning device has at least one water separation device, at least one inertia separator, for example at least one separator plate arranged in the vehicle transverse direction, in particular a plurality of separator plates , which cover a flow area of the filter element substantially completely. It can be advantageously provided that the at least one separator lamella is connected to the folding tips of the filter bellows of the filter element and at least one stabilization band or rib is at least formed. Alternatively or additionally, there may be a drainage gap between the water separation device and the ambient air purification device. The above-described measures reduce the load on the filter element with spray water and / or cleaning water, which can be detrimental to the filter element. Inertial separators, such as the lamella separators mentioned, are technically reliable and durable liquid separators, which have a considerable separation efficiency in their design spectrum. Without a liquid separator, the filter element would be completely exposed to water effects, which in the worst case can lead to a temporary almost complete loss of the effective filter surface.

The filter medium of the filter element of the ambient air cleaning device may be a single-layer or multi-layer filter medium which may be water-resistant. It may be a multi-layer medium, which has at least one drainage layer and / or a pre-separator layer in front in the direction of travel. Alternatively or additionally, the filter medium may comprise glass fibers and / or plastic fibers, in particular polyesters and / or polyethylene, or consist thereof. Finally, it can also be provided that the filter medium has a porosity gradient in a thickness direction, preferably in such a way that a pore size decreases counter to the direction of travel.

In addition to at least one particle filter layer, the filter medium may have at least one gas filtration layer, in particular with an activated carbon bed as active material. The gas filtration layer can be provided with appropriate active materials which enable adsorption / absorption of various noxious gases from the ambient air, for example ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. In addition, various active materials can also be used. The activated carbon may also be impregnated to enhance the separation of certain gases.

In a particular embodiment, the drainage layer and / or the pre-deposition layer can also be designed as a separate pre-separator element, which is arranged upstream of the "main filter element" in the flow direction (forward direction of travel). As a result, a service life increase of the main filter element can be achieved. A water-resistant property can be achieved, for example, by suitable impregnation of the filter medium or by using base materials for the filter medium, which per se already have water resistance, e.g. synthetic filter media.

In addition, the filter medium of the filter element can have at least one support layer, in particular a support grid, arranged on the clean side, ie in the direction of travel, in particular a support grid, in particular der from a plastic, in particular polypropylene and / or a polyester; respectively. The support grid can have a mesh width of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 2 mm. The support grid is advantageously folded during the bellows production to the filter bellows and is part of the filter medium; it serves for the rearward stabilization of the filter medium against dynamic pressure as a supplementary measure to inner and outer wrinkle stabilizing centers and is not to be confused with these.

In the case of a glass-fiber-based filter medium, this should amount to a maximum of 5 mm, preferably a maximum of 6 mm, or in the case of a plastic fiber-based filter medium, this should be at least 5 mm, preferably at least a minimum 6 mm, and satisfy the condition minimum 0.15 x wrinkle height.

Fiber-based or plastic-based is understood in the present case to mean a minimum content of the filter medium at 50% of the respective fibers.

In yet another embodiment, the at least one filter element of the ambient air cleaning device can have an at least partially encircling frame in which the at least one filter bellows is accommodated. In this case, provision may in particular be made for the frame to have an L-shaped cross-sectional shape, wherein preferably one leg of the L-shaped cross section of the frame engages behind the filter bellows of the filter element in the direction of travel and thus supports against the impact of the dynamic pressure.

The filter element may in particular be a plastic-encased filter element, wherein the at least partially encircling frame is connected to the filter medium in a material-locking manner. However, the invention is not limited to a cohesive connection; As an alternative to the cohesive connection of the filter medium to the frame, provision may also be made for the filter element to be inserted only into the frame so that it advantageously bears against the rear leg of the L-profile in a form-fitting manner. Furthermore, the ambient air cleaning device may have a vehicle-fixed receiving space, which corresponds to the frame of the filter element, in which the filter element, preferably by releasable fastening means, in particular a clip connection, is supported. The receiving space can also be designed so that it acts as an assembly shaft, in which the at least one filter element is linearly insertable. This allows a simple interchangeability of the filter element, such as the top side of a lock carrier of a front hood ago or from an underbody side, which is easily accessible, for example, when servicing on a platform.

In addition, the filter element of the ambient air cleaning device may comprise a plurality of sub-filter elements, which are each inserted adjacent to one another in the frame. In particular, the frame may have at least one supporting band located behind the sub-filter elements, viewed in the direction of travel, which supports at least one abutting region in which two adjacent sub-filter elements adjoin one another. The sub-filter elements in turn advantageously each have a circumferential plastic frame and / or have a circumferential sideband, preferably of the filter medium, of a foam strip material or nonwoven strip material. By constructing the total filter area from a plurality of sub-filter elements, a modular adaptation to different installation spaces can take place, wherein identical sub-filter elements can be used. This increases flexibility and reduces development times.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the motor vehicle in the front region at least one heat exchanger, in particular a water cooler, such as a coolant radiator, intercooler, oil cooler or an air condenser (condenser of a chiller) and / or at least one fan or blower. It can also be provided a plurality of heat exchangers, which can be arranged in the direction of travel at least partially overlapping, one above the other, side by side. Thus, it is not uncommon for a motor oil cooler, charge air cooler (which can also have a liquid heat transfer medium in a secondary circuit) and an air conditioning condenser to be arranged in the front area in addition to a coolant radiator. Likewise, several fans / blowers can be provided. The fan / blower can be an axial, radial or diagonal machine. The ambient air cleaning device tion can optionally be arranged in front of or behind the at least one heat exchanger in the direction of travel or in front of or behind the fan or between the heat exchanger and the ventilator. An arrangement in front of the heat exchanger has the advantage that the heat exchanger is additionally protected against damage and contamination. Further, in one embodiment with two heat exchangers disposed partially overlapping, the ambient air cleaning device may be disposed in the non-overlapping region of the two heat exchangers. The fan or the blower serves to supply air to the ambient air cleaning device in those operating states of the motor vehicle in which the driving speed is too low. The fan or the blower can be electrically driven by an auxiliary drive or driven directly by the drive motor of the motor vehicle, wherein in the latter case a switchable coupling can be provided.

Depending on the design of the filter element (volume flow pressure loss characteristic curve), it is possible, in conjunction with the at least one fan / blower, to completely compensate the particulate matter (essentially PM 2.5) emissions of the motor vehicle by the ambient air purifying device, so that in the balance sheet, in terms of PM 2.5, it is a zero emission vehicle. A typical medium-class passenger car is about 25 mg / km of total particulate matter.

It may further be provided that the filter element of the ambient air cleaning device with respect to the at least one heat exchanger is arranged so that it covers an inflow of the heat exchanger to not more than 75%, so that even with loaded filter element a sufficient residual heat dissipation is possible. To achieve this, the filter element can be arranged offset by the vehicle vertical and / or transverse direction to the heat exchanger.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, a flow bypass is provided between the at least one filter element and the at least one heat exchanger, which can be optionally opened and closed, in particular depending on a predetermined temperature in a fluid circuit of the heat exchanger. According to this embodiment, the above restriction with regard to the maximum coverage of the ambient air cleaning device and the heat exchanger is not compulsory, since with the bypass for certain operating criteria a sufficiently large flow of cooling air is possible the heat exchanger can be provided. A switching temperature of the bypass must be designed so that the system connected to the heat exchanger, such as the drive motor, is under no circumstances thermally damaged. Furthermore, as a further switching criterion for the bypass, a loading state of the filter element, ie the pressure drop across the element, and / or a travel speed of the motor vehicle can be used.

As an alternative or in addition to the bypass, the motor vehicle of the ambient air cleaning device upstream can have a closure device which can be activated as a function of a predetermined criterion, preferably the travel speed and is designed to block the air supply to the ambient air cleaning device. The closure device may be designed as a roller shutter or blind and, in a closed position, largely covers an inflow surface of the ambient air cleaning device, i. H. at least 70%, preferably completely.

Finally, provision can be made for the filter element to be displaceably mounted in at least one of the vehicle transverse, vehicle longitudinal and / or vehicle vertical directions, so that overlap of the at least one heat exchanger can be changed by the displacement and / or a flow bypass around the filter element is feasible. To realize this displaceability of the filter element known to the expert linear actuators can be used. Alternatively, the filter element can be pivotably mounted in order to be able to pivot it out of the plane of the flow in dependence on a predetermined criterion, preferably the driving speed, for which purpose the pivot axis can extend approximately in the vehicle transverse direction or vehicle vertical direction.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the ambient air cleaning device of a motor vehicle per se.

Description of the drawings

 Further advantages and expedient embodiments can be taken from the further claims, the description of the figures and the drawings.

Show it: 1 side view of a motor vehicle according to the invention with the ambient air cleaning device in front of fan and radiator;

 2 shows a side view of a motor vehicle according to the invention with the ambient air cleaning device between fan and radiator;

 3 shows a side view of a motor vehicle according to the invention with the ambient air cleaning device behind the fan and radiator;

 4 shows an isometric view of a filter element for the ambient air cleaning device according to the invention with a bead of adhesive on it;

 5 shows an isometric view of a further filter element for the ambient air purifying device according to the invention with continuous bead of adhesive;

 6 shows an isometric view of a further filter element for the ambient air cleaning device with stiffening comb according to the invention;

 7 shows an isometric view of a further filter element for the ambient air purifying device according to the invention with support grid;

 Fig.8 Volume flow-pressure characteristics of selected filter elements and blower.

Embodiment (s) of the invention

 In Fig. 1, an inventive motor vehicle 1 is shown schematically, which has an ambient air cleaning device 2 in the front area. This is arranged behind an air inlet opening 6 in the region of a radiator grille between the front headlamps. The ambient air cleaning device 2 is located in the immediate vicinity of an axial fan 3 which, in the direction of travel, adjoins the rear of a radiator 4, which in turn is installed in front of the engine 5. In such an arrangement, a filter element of the ambient air cleaning device 2 advantageously protects the radiator 4 from damage and / or contamination.

Other possibilities of positioning the ambient air cleaning device 2 are shown in Figs. 2 and 3; Accordingly, this can be arranged either between fan 3 and radiator 4 or behind the radiator 4, but even before the engine 5.

The ambient air cleaning device 2 has at least one filter element 21, which has at least one filter medium folded to at least one filter bellows 21 1, the filter element 21 having a plurality of wrinkle stabilizing means 22, 23, 24, 25, which support the filter bellows 21 1 and are present at a lateral distance of not more than 150 mm from each other. Various types of filter elements 21 for the ambient air cleaning device 2 are shown in FIGS. 4 to 6. H here are highly simplified representations, on the basis of which, however, the concept of the wrinkle support by the wrinkle stabilizing means 22, 23, 24, 25 can be explained.

The filter element 21 shown in FIG. 4 has on its clean side 212 an adhesive bead 22 connected exclusively to the pleat tips, which prevents the pleats from compacting on the clean side 212 under pressure from the raw side 213. In the context of the invention, this is an outer wrinkle stabilizing agent. The adhesive bead 22 may consist of a hot melt adhesive, which the skilled person considers suitable.

Fig. 5 shows another possibility of wrinkle stabilization; There, a so-called continuous adhesive bead 23 is provided, which represents a possible inner Faltenstabilisie- means in the context of the invention. In the present case, a "continuous bead of adhesive" is understood to mean a bead of adhesive 23 which is already applied to the flat filter medium prior to folding and thus runs completely from the crimp base to the crest tip after folding, i. just trained continuously.

Fig. 6 shows a still further possibility to realize the wrinkle stabilizing means. There, a stabilizing comb 24 is provided, which engages in the interstices between folds and can also be materially connected to the filter medium, but need not; the stabilizing effect against said compaction already results from its presence, virtually positive fit.

Finally, a last possibility of an outer wrinkle stabilizing means 25 is shown in FIG. Here, a support grid 25 is provided, the clean side 212 supports the filter bellows against the differential pressure, preferably the support grid 25 is connected to the Faltenspit- zen of the filter bellows 21 1, such as glued or welded. In the embodiment shown, the grid webs run at an angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the pleat. However, the invention is not limited to the above-described wrinkle stabilizers.

Finally, FIG. 8 shows a plurality of volumetric flow pressure loss characteristics of an axial fan, diagonal fan and radial fan. Furthermore, the characteristics of three filter elements are shown there, which differ in their pleat height and thus in their filter surface.

Depending on the design of the filter element (volume flow pressure (loss) characteristic curve), it can be achieved in cooperation with the at least one fan / blower that the fine dust emissions of the motor vehicle are completely compensated by the ambient air cleaning device, so that it is balanced, as far as PM 2.5 is concerned, it is a zero emission vehicle. A typical mid-range passenger car is about 25 mg / km total particulate matter emissions (scenario a). According to another scenario, it would be possible to design the filter element and fan / blower of the ambient air cleaning device such that it selectively compensates the fine dust emission of the brakes and an internal combustion engine (about 10 mg / km, scenario b) or only the fine dust emission of the internal combustion engine (about 2 mg / km, scenario c).

Based on a rough layout based on the NEDC city cycle and assuming a PM 2.5 concentration of 50pg / m ³ in the ambient air and a wake factor of 2, it was determined that for the realization of these three scenarios volume flows of 4500 m ³ / h, 1800 m ³ h or 360 m ³ / h are necessary. The so-called wake factor is a conversion factor that was obtained from a comparison of air quality measurements at stationary measuring stations with vehicle-related measurements in the ground area. Accordingly, the load in the vehicle-related floor area is higher by a factor of 2 than the measured values of the stationary measuring stations.

In an exemplary assumed cross-sectional area of the filter element of the ambient air cleaning device of about 0.28 m ² can be at a number of folds of 1 10 and a fold height of 30 mm 4 m ² filter surface accommodate, with a fold number of 85 and a pleat height of 48 mm 5.2 m ² filter surface and at a number of 65 and a pleat height of 100 mm already 8.3 m ² filter surface. The volumetric flow pressure (loss) characteristics of these exemplary selected filter elements are shown in FIG. In scenario a (4500 m ³ / h) the pressure loss through the filter element at 30 mm pleat height is approx. 271 Pa, at 48 mm pleat height 222 Pa and at 100 mm pleat height 176 Pa.

Due to the intersection of the fan characteristics with the filter element characteristics, it can now be seen that a flow of 4500 m ³ / h can not be realized with any of the filter elements with a turbomachine alone; Rather, a parallel connection of several turbomachines is necessary for this operating state. Due to the close packaging in the front area, it is appropriate to resort to radial or diagonal machines if two or more turbomachines are connected in parallel. For the flow states of scenarios a and b, however, it was surprisingly found that they can already be realized by means of an axial fan, namely for all three filter elements investigated by way of example.

This means that it is possible with comparatively little outlay in terms of equipment to compensate the fine dust emission of the brakes and of the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle by an ambient air cleaning device, and that it is technically possible to provide a zero emission vehicle by such a device in the balance.

Claims

claims 1. motor vehicle (1), in particular road vehicle, in particular passenger cars, bus, truck or rail vehicle, in particular multiple unit locomotive, which has at least one air inlet opening (6) in a front area, behind which an ambient air cleaning device (2) is arranged , which is designed in particular for the removal of particles, in particular fine dust, and / or gases from the ambient air, characterized in that the ambient air cleaning device (2) has at least one filter element (21) which at least one to at least one filter bellows ( 211) comprises a folded filter medium, the filter element (21) having a plurality of wrinkle stabilizing means (22, 23, 24, 25) supporting the filter bellows (211) and being at a lateral distance of not more than 150 mm from each other. 2. motor vehicle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the Faltenstabili- sierungsmittel (22, 23, 24, 25) in each case parallel to each other, preferably in Faltenquer- direction, run and / or that the wrinkle stabilizing means (22, 23, 24 , 25) at least in the direction of travel behind, ie on a clean air side (212) of the filter element (21), preferably additionally in the direction of travel at the front, i. on a raw air side (213) of the filter element (21), are present. 3. Motor vehicle (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the filter medium has a bending inherent rigidity of at least 1 Nm ² , preferably at least 2 Nm ² . 4. Motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that  the wrinkle stabilizing means (22, 23, 24, 25) at least one inner wrinkle stabilizing agent (23, 24) which at least partially engages the intermediate spaces, preferably fills the interstices, wherein the inner wrinkle stabilizer (23, 24) is more preferably a continuous bead of adhesive (23) and / or intervening Stabilizing comb (24) and / or - At least one outer wrinkle stabilizing means (22, 25) which is at least connected to each adjacent pleat tips, wherein the outer Faltenstabi- lisierungsmittel (22, 25) preferably at least one at least connected to the pleat tips adhesive bead (22), at least one at least Pleat tips and / or at least one stabilizing band or rib and / or at least one support grid (25), wherein the outer pleat stabilizing means (22, 25) are most preferably materially connected to the pleat tips. 5. motor vehicle (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the adhesive beads (22, 23) of the inner and / or outer wrinkle stabilizing means (22, 23, 24, 25) - Each have a width in a range of 0.5 mm to 12 mm, preferably 1 mm to 8 mm. 6. Motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the filter medium of the filter element (21) of the ambient air cleaning device (2) has one or more stamping lines, which preferably extend in the transverse direction. 7. Motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the filter element (21) of the ambient air cleaning device (2) has a Kollapsdruckfestigkeit of at least 15 mbar, preferably 25 mbar and / or the ambient air cleaning device (2) has a total filter area of at least 1 m ² , preferably at least 2 m ² , most preferably at least 4 m ² , - The filter element (21) of the ambient air cleaning device (2) has a depth in the vehicle longitudinal direction of less than 150 mm, preferably less than 110 mm, but not less than 10 mm. 8. Motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ambient air cleaning device (2) has at least one water separation device upstream of the at least one filter element (21) in the direction of travel, preferably an inertial separator, more preferably at least one employed in the vehicle transverse direction employed Abscheidderlamelle, most preferably a plurality of Abscheiderlamellen which substantially completely cover an inflow surface of the filter element, wherein preferably  - The at least one Abscheiderlamelle with the pleat tips of the filter bellows (211) of the filter element (21) is connected and forms at least one stabilizing band or rib at least with or  - There is a drainage gap between the Wasserabscheideeinrichtung and the ambient air cleaning device (2). 9. Motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the filter medium of the filter element (21) of the ambient air cleaning device (2) is a single- or multi-layer filter medium which  - Is formed water resistant and / or  - Is preferably a multi-layer medium, the front in the direction of travel at least one drainage nagelage and / or Vorabscheiderlage and / or  - Glass fibers and / or plastic fibers, in particular polyester and / or polyethylene len, comprises or consists thereof and / or  - Has a porosity gradient in a thickness direction, preferably such that a pore size decreases counter to the direction of travel. 10. Motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that  the filter medium of the filter element (21) at least one clean side, i. in the direction of travel at the rear, arranged support layer, in particular a support grid, in particular made of a plastic, in particular polypropylene and / or polyester, wherein the support grid preferably has a mesh width of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 2 mm. 11. motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the pleat spacing of the filter bellows (211) of the filter element (21) of the ambient air cleaning device (2) - For a fiber-based filter medium maximum 5 mm, preferably not more than 6 mm, is or  - In a plastic fiber-based filter medium minimum 5 mm, preferably at least 6 mm, is sufficient and the condition minimum 0.15 x wrinkle height. 12. Motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that  the at least one filter element (21) of the ambient air cleaning device (2) has an at least partially encircling frame, in which the at least one filter bellows (21 1) is accommodated, wherein preferably  - The frame has an L-shaped cross-sectional shape, wherein one leg of the L-shaped cross-section of the frame, the filter bellows (21 1) of the filter element (21) engages behind seen in the direction of travel and / or  - The filter element is a plastic-encapsulated filter element (21), wherein the at least partially encircling frame is materially connected to the filter medium, wherein preferred  the ambient air cleaning device (2) has a vehicle-fixed, corresponding to the frame receiving space in which the filter element, preferably by releasable fastening means, in particular a clip connection, is supported. 13. motor vehicle (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the filter element (21) of the ambient air cleaning device (2) has a plurality of sub-filter elements has, each adjacent to each other are inserted into the frame, the frame preferably at least seen in the direction of travel behind The supporting element has sub-filter elements which supports at least one abutting region in which two adjacent sub-filter elements adjoin one another, wherein the sub-filter elements preferably have in turn a circumferential plastic frame and / or a circumferential sideband, preferably from the filter medium, a foam tape material or nonwoven strip material. 14. motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the motor vehicle (1) in the front region at least one heat exchanger (4), in particular a water cooler, in particular coolant radiator, La deluftkühler, oil cooler or condenser of a refrigerator and / or at least one fan or blower (3), wherein the ambient air cleaning device (2) optionally seen in the direction of travel  - in front of or behind the at least one heat exchanger (4)  - in front of or behind the fan or blower (3)  - Between the heat exchanger (4) and fan (3) is arranged. 15. motor vehicle (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that in addition to the at least one fan or blower (3), a further fan or further blower (3) is provided, which are preferably connected in parallel, wherein it is preferably at at least one of the fans or fans (3) is a radial and / or diagonal machine. 16. motor vehicle (1) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the filter terelement (21) of the ambient air cleaning device (2) with respect to the at least one heat exchanger (4) is arranged so that there is an inflow surface of the heat exchanger (4) not more than 75% covered. 17. motor vehicle (1) according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the ambient air cleaning device (2) has a flow bypass between the at least one filter element (21) and the at least one heat exchanger (4), in particular in response to a predetermined temperature in a fluid circuit of the heat exchanger (4) and / or a travel speed of the motor vehicle (1) is optionally open and closed. 18. Motor vehicle (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the filter element (21) is displaceably mounted in at least one of the directions vehicle transverse, vehicle longitudinal and / or vehicle vertical direction, so that by the displacement an overlap of the at least one heat exchanger (4) is variable and / or a flow bypass to the filter element around (21) is movable. 19. ambient air cleaning device (2) of a motor vehicle according to one of claims to claims 1 to 18.