Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
  • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
  • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
  • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
  • G01N33/2823—Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
  • E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
  • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
  • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
  • G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
  • G01N22/04—Investigating moisture content

Definitions

• the invention relates to the measuring technique and control systems of technological processes, and it can be used for continuous measurement of relative water holdup (moisture content) and periodic measurements of the relative oil and gas holdup in the oil-and-gas mixture flow from oil wells, as well as in the measurement systems, processing stations and other devices that measure the oil flow rate and content with dissolved gas (hereafter - oil) and free gas (hereinafter - gas) in the oil well production.
• relative water holdup moisture content
• periodic measurements of the relative oil and gas holdup in the oil-and-gas mixture flow from oil wells as well as in the measurement systems, processing stations and other devices that measure the oil flow rate and content with dissolved gas (hereafter - oil) and free gas (hereinafter - gas) in the oil well production.
• - oil dissolved gas
• - gas free gas
• AMGU bulky automatic metering group units
• Sputnik and “Mera”
• water-cut meters that can be built into the above-mentioned AMGU in operation and into the newly manufactured ones to add functionality .
• the available AMGU measure the fluid flow (mixture of oil and water) and gas consumption, but they do not estimate the oil flow.
• the purpose of this approach is to transform the manufacturing AMGU and AMGU in operation that are technological devices de facto , into measuring units that determine the volume and mass consumption of all three components of the oil well products - oil, associated gas and water.
• VSN-l VSN-l-PP, VSN-l-SP, VSN-BOZNA
• water-cut meters BOECH [1]
• water-cut meter water-cut meter "SATEL-RVVL” water-cut meter
• VSN VSN-derived gas concentration
• the volume gas concentration should not exceed 2 percent.
• BOECH water-cut meter the State Register Number 32180-06, the Certificate i RU.C. 31, 006 A No. 24576
• the residual relative volume gas concentration reaches up to 0 percent or more in the AMGU liquid channels , particularly for long-operated wells.
• the water-cut meter is a non-Intrusive one , as in the mixture flow , flowing through the full-pass sensor block, there are no structural elements that resist to the flow movement and wear out at the same time,
• the prototype "static" mode blocking the flow in a lockable valve zone, to extend its field of application, in particular for the moisture meter use as a three-component tester, is underutilized.
• This invention application proposes a method and device aimed at expanding the permissible relative gas concentration range in the mixture and at introducing a refinement of the working algorithm and design to perform the additional function as a three-component tester.
• the present invention proposes to sense the medium in a full flow section using a radio wave sensor (RWS).
• RWS radio wave sensor
• the mixture working volume is a cylinder with a diameter equal to the sensor block inner diameter and a length equal to the exciting winding length.
• the dynamic mode is implemented, when the well mixture is a mixed flow with a continuous oil phase ("water in oil”), and it flows without stopping through the water-cut meter sensor block.
• the product executes the measurement continuously with the output information update time of not more than eight seconds.
• the static mode is implemented, when the measured medium is a mixture with a continuous aqueous phase ("oil in water"). And before the measurement the forced transformation of this structure in the ever identical stratified mixture is carried out .
• a well - known technique is applied-the mixture is always reduced to the same structure, but in this case it is reduced to the diametrically opposite structure with respect to the generally accepted one , namely to a stratified structure instead of a well mixed one.
• the static mode is carried out by water-cut meter sensor block mounting into the pipeline with the measured mixture between two flow switches (21 and 22 in Fig. 6) or two shut-off valves (24 and 25), that lock the mixture in the sensor block working volume during the moisture content measurement.
• the shut-off valve 23 opens in the parallel (bypass) channel, and the mixture flow goes through it. It ensures a mixture continuous flow in the main pipeline.
• the moisture content measurement in the partially or fully stratified mixture at a predetermined time after the flow blocking is carried out in a locked channel .
• the time of measurement and read out can be in the range of 5 to 30 minutes.
• this static mode is compulsory only in a medium with a continuous aqueous phase, and it is included in the product automatically.
• a dynamic mode with a continuous measurement and readout is implemented in case of the medium with a continuous oil phase.
• Fig. 1 shows "stratification curves " - the first resonant frequency dependence on time ( a number of count) while blocking the mixture measured flow in the water-cut meter sensor block.
• the resonance frequency values in the dynamics depend on the water relative hold up in the mixture total volume and this dependence can be taken as a calibration one ;
• the resonance frequencies in dynamics are close to the ones corresponding to water, although the mixture moisture content can be in the range from 30 to 100 percent; that is, the resonance frequency dependence on the water hold up is not observed;
• the resonance frequency in the "water in oil” mixtures even in case of the highest water content, when this mixture type can exist (up to eighty percent), means more than in the "oil in water” mixtures, even in case of the least possible moisture content of the latter ones;
• the above-mentioned property of the resonance frequency can be used in the product to determine automatically the mixture type and select the mode of operation; - if it was the "oil in water" mixture before the flow blocking , then after the flow blocking, at the initial stage the mixture stratification occurs quickly, and then one can observe the resonance frequency slow tendency to the steady-state value corresponding to the full stratification; at the same time, in a final time, from fifteen minutes to thirty minutes, the measured frequency enters the range with the width not exceeding a double permissible error.
• a consumer shall have a parallel bypass pipeline with controlled switches or shut off valves to transfer the flow from one channel to another and ensure the mixture blocking in the water-cut meter sensor block .
• the consumer may have various options for the water-cut meter interaction with the equipment control systems.
• the water-cut meter can be either a "driving" link or a "driven” one.
• a water-cut meter can be a driving link. It will give commands to control these elements.
• the water-cut meter when it is a "driven" link, it should receive the information about the possibility of the next measurement and, in turn, inform about the completion of the next measurement and the flow opening possibility via a sensor block.
• the measurement results in both cases can be transmitted directly both to the upper level of the process control system, and to the control unit of the consumer measuring apparatus , that comprises a water-cut meter.
• the product provides the ability to transmit and receive the information both in analog form and via RS232, RS485 interface lines, including the MODBUS Protocol.
• the primary initial information is obtained in the product by sensing the measured mixture with the use of high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the operating frequency range of the radio-wave sensor volume resonator and by measuring the volume resonator first resonant frequency, the second resonant frequency and, if necessary, the higher resonant frequencies and the transmission (amplitude) coefficient at resonant frequencies, and temperature as well.
• Resonant frequencies and their oscillation amplitude depend, on the one hand, on the dielectric permeability of the measured medium located in the sensing block, and, on the other hand, on the design and electrical parameters of the sensing block itself.
• Such parameters are as follows : the dielectric gap between the RWS winding and housing, meaning the RWS that determines the winding electrical capacity, the type of circuit and the values of the capacitances and resistances of the winding output electrical circuit .
• these parameters are selected on the basis that the relative content of all medium components - oil, gas and water- is measured with the required accuracy.
• Table 1 in Fig. 2 and Table 2 in Fig. 3 show (demonstrate) experimental dependences of the first resonant frequencies on the output winding circuit type and parameters for two bottom-hole assemblies with a gap between a winding and a housing, equal to 3 and 15 millimeters, respectively.
• Table 1 in Fig. 2 and Table 2 in Fig. 3 show (demonstrate) experimental dependences of the first resonant frequencies on the output winding circuit type and parameters for two bottom-hole assemblies with a gap between a winding and a housing, equal to 3 and 15 millimeters, respectively.
• the ratio of these frequency differences is not significantly dependent on the gap in the SB, but it strongly depends on the output winding circuit type and parameters . It is essential that the frequency difference, corresponding to air and oil, changes not proportionally to the steepness of the oil-water mixture frequency characteristic. Otherwise, there would be no marked dependence of the relative water content measurement error on the winding output circuit parameters and the SB gap.
• the measured values of the resonant frequencies and transmission coefficients are the RWS- obtained initial information .
• the current values of the volume resonator resonant frequency f res and the transfer coefficient K SB at the resonant frequency , as well as the temperature T are used to form a combine parameter K comb involving the resonant frequency f grad w , corresponding to the resonator fill-up at water calibration, according to the formula: where the coefficient of proportionality K f is selected on the basis of the requirements of the steepness of the water-cut meter static characteristics.
• This combined parameter is the basis for obtaining combined current values of the combined parameter while measuring and creating the combined calibration characteristics.
• the product has two calibrations-for dynamic mode and for static mode:
• DO calibration is to measure the mixture moisture content in dynamics, while oil is a continuous phase in the measured medium , i.e. for " water in oil” mixtures;
• SW calibration is to measure the mixture moisture content , if before the flow blocking water is a continuous phase in the measured medium , i.e. for "oil in water” mixtures.
• FIG. 4 An approximate view of the calibration characteristics is shown in Fig. 4.
• the selection of the operating mode and the desired calibration characteristic is made in the product automatically on the basis of mixture type determination in accordance with the following logic:
• the resonance frequency at the current measurement is lower than the lowest possible frequency for the "water in oil” mixture , it is an "oil in water” mixture type; therefore, it is necessary to switch to static mode and block the flow in the water-cut meter SB, directing it to the bypass, and to determine the moisture content on the basis of the resonance frequency , using the " SW calibration ", if before the next measurement cycle in static mode the "water in oil” mixture type is determined , the water-cut meter will switch to dynamic mode.
• the product pre-calibration is required.
• the calibration values of the product parameters obtained for different calibration mixtures on the test bench are stored in the memory of the water-cut meter electronic unit.
• the calibration data of the resonance frequencies and transmission coefficients for all calibration mixtures are adjusted to the current temperature value (the temperature compensation of the parameter values).
• f is the proportionality coefficient , that is selected on the basis of the requirements of the slope of the water-cut meter calibration characteristics ;
• the index T means the corrected parameter value for the current temperature.
• the calibration characteristics of the combined parameter dependences on the moisture content for the current temperature are set: where ....and . are some interpolation functions .
• the linear interpolation is used for curve construction (Fig. 4).
• the product measured parameters being the current values of the volume resonator first resonant frequency f res and the transmission coefficient K SB at the resonant frequency, are used to form the current combined parameter K SB according to the formula:
• a reduced number of calibration mixtures can be used, with the further construction of an approximating curve in the form of a polynomial of the second or higher order, for example.
• the technical result from the utilization of the invention as for the method is achieved by the fact that in the method of three-component two-phase mixture moisture content measuring based on the volume HF resonator resonance frequency and the transfer coefficient dependence on the dielectric permeability of the components and their relative volume content, the following is carried-out : 1) the RWS- based volume sensing method is used , and it ensures the full representation of measured flow sensed at the volume measurement:
• a static mode is provided (with a flow blocking in the water-cut meter sensing block by its switching to the bypass line), where the moisture content correct measurement is provided in case, when the mixture continuous phase is water, with the result output in a set time in the interval from 15 to 60 minutes after the flow blocking according to " SW calibration"; and in the product the mode selection and the use of appropriate calibration characteristics is made automatically on the basis of the resonance frequency in-line analysis and prior to the flow blocking , and the resonance frequency value should be above the mixture minimum frequency with the oil continuous phase to preserve the flow regime, and otherwise the transition to the flow blocking mode occurs, and the setting of the sensing block unit and the output circuit winding parameters is made in a way that the selected resonant frequency and transmission coefficient mainly depend only on the relative water content in the mixture total volume, and the ratio of the relative oil and gas concentration influenced
• the moisture content value is determined by its finding on the basis of a combined calibration characteristic for the resonance frequency and transmission coefficient current measured values
• the combined parameter values in the measurement and at the formation of the combined calibration characteristics are determined by the formula where the measured values of the resonance frequency f res, transmission coefficient K SB and temperature T in the product calibration are measured for water- oil mixtures , and the proportionality coefficient K f is selected on the basis of the requirements of the water-cut meter calibration characteristic slope.
• This method can be implemented with the partial use of the device protected in the present invention nearest analogue, meaning the three-component flow meter under the patent RU 2247947 Cl 10.03.2005.
• the water-cut meter uses one of two RWS built-in in the sensing block, and, accordingly, the related channel in the electronic unit.
• the analog device was subjected to a number of changes, which are claimed.
• the changes introduced with the specified purpose of obtaining the minimum errors in the moisture content measurement consist in the optimal selection of the dielectric gap in the RWS sensing block and the electrical circuit parameters at its winding output. To achieve this result, it is recommended that the dielectric gap is the smallest one , but it should provide the sufficient calibration curve slope as for the signal-to-noise ratio, and the installed tanks should be significantly larger than at measuring of all three medium components , selected by the criterion of the least error in the moisture content measurement.
• interface connections are added to the electronic block to exchange control signals of flow switches (shut-off valves).
• the device technical result is to build a sensor block using a radio-wave sensor as a three-component mixture moisture content primary converter into the resonant frequencies and their amplitudes as intermediate parameters for their use in the product working algorithm , in the optimal selection of its design parameters, as well as the type and parameters of the excitation winding input and output circuits.
• the technical result is its equipping with analog and interface ports to control switching devices and shut-off valves to block the flow in the sensor block and to interact with the controllers of the measuring units with the built-in water-cut meter.
• the device consists of a sensor block 1 and an electronic block 2.
• the sensor block is divided into two sections - the radio wave sensor (RWS) section 3 and the section of the pressure and temperature sensors (PTS) 4.
• the RWS section comprises the primary transducer (winding) 5, the input circuit winding 6, the winding output circuit 7.
• the PTS section consists of a pressure sensor 8 and a temperature sensor 9.
• the electronic block comprises :a frequency synthesizer 10; an amplifier 11, amplifiers - detectors 12 and 13; the analog input-output board (AIOB) 14 with a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and multi-channel digital-to-analog converter (D AC); a central processor module (CPU) unit 15; an interface module 16 ( it can be the CPU module part).
• AIOB analog input-output board
• CPU central processor module
• the sensor block and the electronic block are connected directly or through spark barriers by two coaxial cables 17 and 18, as well as by two low-frequency cables 19 and 20.
• the SB main section a radio wave sensor, is a radio wave volumetric RF resonator.
• the RWS primary converter is a zigzag winding, made by the printed installation method on a thin glass-fiber board.
• the board thickness is 0.3-0.5 mm.
• the board is bent along the direction of the winding coils with the directed inside conductors, and it is attached to the dielectric pipe outer surface with the thickness of 3- 8 mm.
• the dielectric pipe with winding is separated by a dielectric gap (in particular, an air gap ) from the metal housing, acting as the resonator screen.
• the dielectric pipe inner surface contacting with the flowing measured mixture should be made of a material resistant to both mechanical wear and chemical action on the mixture part, and its inner diameter should be equal to the inner diameter of the main pipeline.
• the PTS section 4 is separated from the main section 3 and it contains auxiliary pressure sensor 8 and temperature sensor 9.
• the mutual section mounting is carried out by means of flange or quick-release (cone-flange) connections.
• the sensor block should be installed on a pipeline horizontal section.
• a frequency code within the product operating frequency range is fed from the central processor module 15 to the controlled frequency synthesizer input 10.
• a synthesizer gives a sinusoidal high frequency signal , and its frequency corresponds to the given code almost instantly and with great accuracy .
• the ANALOG DEVICES or Fastwel synthesizers made on the basis of the direct digital synthesis (DDS) technology [for example, AD9850, AD9851, AD9854] are suitable for use in this product.
• DDS direct digital synthesis
• the signal from the synthesizer 10 through the amplifier 11 (a reference signal) is fed to the primary converter 5 input (RWS winding), as well as to the input of one of the AIOB 14 channels via the amplifier-detector 12.
• the signal is fed to the AIOB 14 second channel input through the amplifier-detector 13.
• the output signals from the pressure sensors 8 and temperature sensor 9 are fed to measure the corresponding AIOB 14 channels.
• the amplifier 11 and amplifiers-detectors 12 and 13 are selected so that their amplitude- frequency characteristic turns out to be horizontal in the product operating frequency range.
• ADC should meet the accuracy and speed requirements. Thus, to ensure the measurement of amplitude in the range -10V ⁇ +10V with an accuracy of 0.1%, it is enough to use 12-bit ADC with a sample rate of 40 kHz, and it is easily feasible.
• DAC are designed to provide the measurement results in the form of analog signals, for example in the form of voltages in the range of 0 ⁇ 10V.
• a 12-bit DAC is sufficient to ensure 0.1% output accuracy.
• the CPU module 15 executes the product overall control and calculations on the basis of the product underlying algorithms.
• the processor must have a speed of at least 40 MHz, RAM memory space shall be at least 1 megabyte, the flash memory shall be at least 2 megabytes, and there are shall be parallel and serial input-output ports.
• the interface module 16 executes the product communication with the automatic process control system upper level directly or via telecommunication. Using RS-232, RS-422 or RS-485 lines the module enables to communicate with any device that has the appropriate interfaces, as well as to connect the operator’s console, matrix keyboard, sign-synthesizing displays, printers, FDD.
• the product enables to average the values of the relative water content in the mixture at a given time interval (several cycles).
• the information about moisture content instantaneous and averaged values, as well as any other information can be stored in the product long-term memory.
• the calibration technique laid down in the prototype involves its application in a water-oil liquid mixture of water with oil or its substitutes without gas in the mixture. Meanwhile, in the real operating mode with the free gas concentration, the presence of free gas results in an additional error . The more oil will be replaced by gas, the lower will be the accuracy , since the oil and gas dielectric permittivity differs in 2.5 times (for gas -1.0, and for oil - from 2 to 2.5). Ideally, this additional error would not occur in case of a calibration with such a gas concentration as it would take place in real operation. But it is not known in advance, and it may generally range from zero to one hundred percent in different wells and at different times. However, this range is limited for a particular well. Thus, in the below-mentioned case, the gas volume content ranges from 54 to 84 per cent.
• the following calibration technique is proposed.
• the calibration should be made and put in the product memory in different versions:
• the range of changes in the gas concentration for each specific well is known from the well operating experience, and, in addition, it can be determined at least roughly on the basis of the indications of the claimed water-cut meter with a drain section.
• the calibration type that should be used is set in the work program.
• the 20 percent permissible gas concentration specified for the prototype has raised up to 77 percent. That is, with the claimed calibration method, the accuracy of the moisture content measurement using the water-cut meter actually does not depend on the presence of a free gas in the measured mixture.
• Vg nc (Vg / V 0 )*P wo 7 P nc .
• the method and the device are implemented for measuring the relative volume content of all three components of the three-component mixture directly on the well with a water-cut meter supplemented by a "drain" section in a static operation mode.
• the water-cut meter BOECH (the number in the state register - 32180-06, the certificate RU.C. 31, 006 A No. 24576).

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Citations (4)

• 2018
  • 2018-04-09 RU RU2018112549A patent/RU2678955C9/ru active
• 2019
  • 2019-04-09 WO PCT/RU2019/000224 patent/WO2019199207A1/en not_active Ceased

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