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WO2019190519A1 - Appareil, système et procédé de mesure de distance - Google Patents

Appareil, système et procédé de mesure de distance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019190519A1
WO2019190519A1 PCT/US2018/025065 US2018025065W WO2019190519A1 WO 2019190519 A1 WO2019190519 A1 WO 2019190519A1 US 2018025065 W US2018025065 W US 2018025065W WO 2019190519 A1 WO2019190519 A1 WO 2019190519A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
responder
sta
ranging
initiator
measured values
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2018/025065
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English (en)
Inventor
Benny Abramovsky
Jonathan Segev
Danny Alexander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intel IP Corp
Original Assignee
Intel IP Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intel IP Corp filed Critical Intel IP Corp
Priority to PCT/US2018/025065 priority Critical patent/WO2019190519A1/fr
Publication of WO2019190519A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019190519A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein generally relate to ranging measurement.
  • GNSS global- navigation- satellite- systems
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • GALILEO Global Positioning System
  • indoor navigation is widely deployed thanks to the development of various global- navigation- satellite- systems (GNSS), e.g., Global Positioning System (GPS), GALILEO, and the like.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • GALILEO Global Positioning System
  • a Line Timing Measurement (LTM) Protocol may include measuring a Round Trip Time (RTT) from a wireless station (STA) to a plurality of other STAs, for example, to perform trilateration and/or calculate the location of the STA.
  • RTT Round Trip Time
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of messages of a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) procedure including one or more operations, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FTM Fine Timing Measurement
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of messages of a Very High Throughput (VHT) measurement, including one or more operations, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • VHT Very High Throughput
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of communications between elements of a system for a ranging measurement procedure, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a structure of an FTM request action field, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of a structure of an FTM action field, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of operations and communications of a ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of sequence flow of a ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example,“processing”,“computing”, “calculating”,“determining”,“establishing”,“analyzing”,“checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer’s registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer’s registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.
  • “processing”,“computing”, “calculating”,“determining”,“establishing”,“analyzing”,“checking”, or the like may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer’s registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer’s register
  • references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “demonstrative embodiment”, “various embodiments” etc. indicate that the embodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), a wireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a sensor device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wearable device, a handheld device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11-2016 ( IEEE 802.11- 2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.l laz (IEEE 802.1 laz, Next Generation Positioning )) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WiFi Alliance (WFA) Specifications (including Wi-Fi Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) Technical Specification, Version 1.0, May 1, 2015 ) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WFA Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications (including WiFi P2P technical specification, version 1.5, August 4, 2014) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing Wireless
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MEMO) transceiver or device, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, Radio Frequency (RF), Infra-Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency- Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Spatial Divisional Multiple Access (SDMA), FDM Time- Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDM A), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi- Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBeeTM, Ultra- Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile communication
  • GPS
  • wireless device includes, for example, a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wireless communication, or the like.
  • a wireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integrated with a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer.
  • the term“wireless device” may optionally include a wireless service.
  • the term“communicating” as used herein with respect to a communication signal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receiving the communication signal.
  • a communication unit which is capable of communicating a communication signal, may include a transmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one other communication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive the communication signal from at least one other communication unit.
  • the verb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting or the action of receiving.
  • the phrase“communicating a signal” may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving the signal by a second device.
  • the phrase“communicating a signal” may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting the signal by a second device.
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN, e.g., a WiFi network.
  • Other embodiments may be used in conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network, for example, a wireless area network, a“piconet”, a WPAN, a WVAN and the like.
  • Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 2.4GHz or 5GHz.
  • other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band of between 20Ghz and 300GHZ, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, and the like.
  • EHF Extremely High Frequency
  • circuitry may refer to, be part of, or include, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules.
  • circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.
  • logic may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded in circuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in a memory of a computing apparatus.
  • the logic may be accessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute the computing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations.
  • logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/or firmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors.
  • Logic may be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry, e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like.
  • logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, and/or the like.
  • Logic may be executed by one or more processors using memory, e.g., registers, buffers, stacks, and the like, coupled to the one or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.
  • the term“antenna”, as used herein, may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays.
  • the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements.
  • the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements.
  • the antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna, a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.
  • the phrase“peer to peer (PTP) communication”, as used herein, may relate to device-to- device communication over a wireless link (“peer-to-peer link”) between devices.
  • the PTP communication may include, for example, a WiFi Direct (WFD) communication, e.g., a WFD Peer to Peer (P2P) communication, wireless communication over a direct link within a Quality of Service (QoS) basic service set (BSS), a tunneled direct-link setup (TDLS) link, a STA-to- STA communication in an independent basic service set (IBSS), or the like.
  • WFD WiFi Direct
  • P2P WFD Peer to Peer
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • BSS Quality of Service
  • TDLS tunneled direct-link setup
  • IBSS independent basic service set
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a system 100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • system 100 may include a wireless communication network including one or more wireless communication devices, e.g., wireless communication devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180.
  • wireless communication devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may include, for example, a UE, an MD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an UltrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more STAs.
  • device 102 may include at least one STA
  • device 140 may include at least one STA.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more WLAN STAs.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more Wi-Fi STAs.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more BT devices.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) STAs.
  • NAN Neighbor Awareness Networking
  • one or more of wireless communication devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of an AP STA, and/or one or more of wireless communication devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180, e.g., device 102, may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of a non-AP STA.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may operate as and/or perform the functionality of any other STA.
  • the AP may include a router, a PC, a server, a Hot-Spot and/or the like.
  • a station may include a logical entity that is a singly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM).
  • the STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • an AP may include an entity that contains a station (STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, via the wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs.
  • STA station
  • WM wireless medium
  • the AP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • a non-access-point (non-AP) station may include a STA that is not contained within an AP.
  • the non-AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
  • device 102 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or devices 140, 160 and/or 180 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182, an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185.
  • Devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may optionally include other suitable hardware components and/or software components.
  • some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may be interconnected or operably associated using one or more wired or wireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more of devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may be distributed among multiple or separate devices.
  • processor 191 and/or processor 181 may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), an Application- Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose or specific processor or controller.
  • Processor 191 executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications.
  • Processor 181 executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications.
  • OS Operating System
  • OS Operating System
  • input unit 192 and/or input unit 182 may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device.
  • Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183 includes, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices.
  • LED Light Emitting Diode
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • memory unit 194 and/or memory unit 184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non volatile memory, a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or other suitable memory units.
  • Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185 includes, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units.
  • Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195 may store data processed by device 102.
  • Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit 185 may store data processed by device 140.
  • wireless communication devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may be capable of communicating content, data, information and/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103.
  • wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radio channel, a cellular channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, an RE channel, a WiLi channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, and the like.
  • wireless communication medium 103 may include a wireless communication channel over a 2.4 Gigahertz (GHz) frequency band, or a 5GHz frequency band, a millimeterWave (mmWave) frequency band, e.g., a 60GHz frequency band, a Sub- 1 GHz (S1G) band, and/or any other frequency band.
  • GHz 2.4 Gigahertz
  • mmWave millimeterWave
  • S1G Sub- 1 GHz
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may include one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to perform wireless communication between devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 and/or one or more other wireless communication devices.
  • device 102 may include a radio 114
  • device 140 may include a radio 144.
  • radios 114 and/or 144 may include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic to receive wireless communication signals, RE signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data.
  • Rx wireless receivers
  • radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116
  • radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.
  • radios 114 and/or 144 may include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data.
  • Tx wireless transmitters
  • radio 114 may include at least one transmitter 118
  • radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144, transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may include circuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and/or logic; baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters; filters; and/or the like.
  • radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include or may be implemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and the like.
  • NIC wireless Network Interface Card
  • radios 114 and/or 144 may be configured to communicate over a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, an mmWave band, a S1G band, and/or any other band.
  • radios 114 and/or 144 may include, or may be associated with, one or more antennas 107 and/or 147, respectively.
  • device 102 may include a single antenna 107. In another example, device 102 may include two or more antennas 107.
  • device 140 may include a single antenna 147. In another example, device 140 may include two or more antennas 147.
  • Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable for transmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays.
  • Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements.
  • antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements.
  • device 102 may include a controller 124
  • device 140 may include a controller 154.
  • Controller 124 may be configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140, and/or one or more other devices; and/or controller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140, and/or one or more other devices, e.g., as described below.
  • controllers 124 and/or 154 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.
  • MAC Media-Access Control
  • PHY Physical Layer
  • BB baseband
  • AP Application Processor
  • controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented
  • controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.
  • a wireless device e.g., device 102
  • a wireless station e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102
  • controller 124 may include at least one memory, e.g., coupled to the one or more processors, which may be configured, for example, to store, e.g., at least temporarily, at least some of the information processed by the one or more processors and/or circuitry, and/or which may be configured to store logic to be utilized by the processors and/or circuitry.
  • controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.
  • a wireless device e.g., device 140
  • a wireless station e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140
  • controller 154 may include at least one memory, e.g., coupled to the one or more processors, which may be configured, for example, to store, e.g., at least temporarily, at least some of the information processed by the one or more processors and/or circuitry, and/or which may be configured to store logic to be utilized by the processors and/or circuitry.
  • controller 124 may be implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of controller 154 may be implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 144.
  • controller 124 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of controller 154 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140.
  • device 102 may include a message processor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one or more messages communicated by device 102.
  • message processor 128 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or message processor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • message processor 128 may include at least one first component configured to generate a message, for example, in the form of a frame, field, information element and/or protocol data unit, for example, a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU); at least one second component configured to convert the message into a PHY Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), for example, by processing the message generated by the at least one first component, e.g., by encoding the message, modulating the message and/or performing any other additional or alternative processing of the message; and/or at least one third component configured to cause transmission of the message over a wireless communication medium, e.g., over a wireless communication channel in a wireless communication frequency band, for example, by applying to one or more fields of the PPDU one or more transmit waveforms.
  • message processor 128 may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative functionality and/or may include any other additional or alternative components to generate and/or process a message to be transmitted.
  • device 140 may include a message processor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one or more messages communicated by device 140.
  • message processor 158 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or message processor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • message processor 158 may include at least one first component configured to generate a message, for example, in the form of a frame, field, information element and/or protocol data unit, for example, a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU); at least one second component configured to convert the message into a PHY Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), for example, by processing the message generated by the at least one first component, e.g., by encoding the message, modulating the message and/or performing any other additional or alternative processing of the message; and/or at least one third component configured to cause transmission of the message over a wireless communication medium, e.g., over a wireless communication channel in a wireless communication frequency band, for example, by applying to one or more fields of the PPDU one or more transmit waveforms.
  • message processor 158 may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative functionality and/or may include any other additional or alternative components to generate and/or process a message to be transmitted.
  • message processors 128 and/or 158 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, BB circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, AP circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of message processors 128 and/or 158, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.
  • At least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of radio 144.
  • message processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of controller 154.
  • the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140.
  • controller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).
  • SoC System on Chip
  • the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 114.
  • the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of message processor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114.
  • controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.
  • controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 102.
  • controller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a SoC.
  • the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 144.
  • the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of message processor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144.
  • controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.
  • controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 140.
  • device 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more STAs.
  • device 102 may include at least one STA
  • device 140 may include at least one STA.
  • wireless communication devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may form, or may communicate as part of, a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • wireless communication devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may form, or may communicate as part of, a WiFi network.
  • wireless communication devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may form, and/or communicate as part of, any other additional or alternative network.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform a positioning and/or ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform a single user (SU) and/or a Multi User (MU) positioning and/or ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.
  • SU single user
  • MU Multi User
  • device 102 may include one or more applications configured to provide and/or to use one or more location based services, e.g., a social application, a navigation application, a location based advertising application, and/or the like.
  • device 102 may include an application 125 to be executed by device 102.
  • application 125 may use range information between devices 102 and 140, for example, to determine an estimated location of device 140, e.g., with respect to a coordinate system, e.g., a World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84), and/or a local coordination.
  • a coordinate system e.g., a World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)
  • WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984
  • device 102 may include a Smartphone and device 140 may include an AP, which is located in a shop, e.g., in a shopping mall.
  • application 125 may use the range information to determine a relative location of device 102 with respect to device 140, for example, to receive sale offers from the shop.
  • device 102 may include a mobile device and device 140 may include a responding station, which is located in a parking zone, e.g., of a shopping mall.
  • application 125 may use the range information to determine a location of device 102 in the parking zone, for example, to enable a user of device 102 to find a parking area in the parking zone.
  • device 102 may include a location estimator 115 configured to perform one or more positioning measurements to be used to estimate a location of device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • location estimator 115 may be configured to determine a location of device 102, for example, using a plurality of ranges from the plurality of other STAs, e.g., by performing trilateration.
  • location estimator 115 may include circuitry and/or logic, e.g., processor circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of location estimator 115. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of location estimator 115 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.
  • location estimator 115 may be implemented as part of controller 124.
  • location estimator 115 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102.
  • location estimator 115 may be configured to estimate the location of device 102, for example, based on time based range measurements, for example, with device 140 and/or one or more other devices.
  • the time based range measurements may be performed using WLAN communications, e.g., WiFi.
  • WLAN communications e.g., WiFi.
  • using WiFi to perform the time based range measurements may enable, for example, increasing an indoor location accuracy of the location estimation of device 140, e.g., in an indoor environment.
  • the time based range measurements may include a round trip time (RTT) measurement (also referred to as Time of Flight (ToF) procedure).
  • RTT round trip time
  • ToF Time of Flight
  • a ToF value may be defined as the overall time a signal propagates from a first station, e.g., device 140, to a second station, e.g., device 102, and back to the first station.
  • a distance between the first and second stations may be determined based on the ToF value, for example, by dividing the RTT value by two and multiplying the result by the speed of light.
  • the ToF measurement procedure may include one or more operations, communications and/or measurements according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) procedure, a High Efficiency (HE) ranging procedure, and/or any other ranging procedure.
  • VHT Very High Throughput
  • HE High Efficiency
  • the ToF measurement procedure may include one or more operations, communications and/or measurements according to a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) procedure.
  • FTM Fine Timing Measurement
  • the ToF measurement procedure may include one or more operations, communications and/or measurements according to any other additional or alternative positioning measurement.
  • an RTT value may be defined as the overall time a signal propagates from a first station, e.g., device 102, to a second station, e.g., device 140, and back to the first station.
  • a ToF value may be defined as the overall time a signal propagates from a first station, e.g., device 102, to a second station, e.g., device 140.
  • a distance between the first and second stations may be determined based on the RTT value, for example, by dividing the RTT value by two and multiplying the result by the speed of light, or by multiplying the ToF value by the speed of light.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may be configured to perform one or more ranging measurements, ToF measurements, VHT measurements, FTM measurements, positioning measurements and/or communications, ranging measurements and/or communications, proximity measurements and/or communications, location estimation measurements and/or communications.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative positioning measurements and/or communications, ranging measurements and/or communications, proximity measurements and/or communications, location estimation measurements and/or communications, for example, and/or according to any other additional or alternative procedure and/or protocol, e.g., an Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) procedure.
  • RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication
  • VHTz VHT NDP Sounding-based .l laz protocol
  • other embodiments may be implemented with respect to any other additional or alternative positioning measurements and/or communications, ranging measurements and/or communications, proximity measurements and/or communications, location estimation measurements and/or communications.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may be configured to perform one or more VHT measurements, for example, using WLAN communications, e.g., WiFi.
  • WLAN communications e.g., WiFi
  • using WiFi to perform time based range measurements, e.g., ranging measurements may enable, for example, increasing an indoor location accuracy of the mobile devices, e.g., in an indoor environment.
  • device 102 may perform a role of, one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, an initiating device, e.g., an initiating STA, and device 140 may perform a role of, one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, a responding device, e.g., a responding STA.
  • device 140 may include an AP, and/or device may include a non-AP STA, for example, a mobile device, e.g., a Smartphone, which may perform the ranging protocol with the AP, for example, to determine a location of the mobile device.
  • device 102 may include a positioning component 117, and/or device 140 may include a positioning component 157, which may be configured to perform one or more positioning measurements, operations and/or communications, e.g., as described below.
  • positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more operations and/or communications of a VHT ranging measurement, for example, a VHTz measurement, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more operations and/or communications of an FTM ranging measurement, a HE ranging measurement, and/or any other additional or alternative positioning measurement.
  • positioning components 117 and/or 157 may include, or may be implemented, using suitable circuitry and/or logic, e.g., controller circuitry and/or logic, processor circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, which may be configured to perform at least part of the functionality of positioning components 117 and/or 157. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.
  • positioning component 117 may be configured to perform one or more operations of, and/or at least part of the functionality of, message processor 128 and/or controller 124, for example, to trigger communication of one or more VHT messages, FTM messages, and/or positioning packets, e.g., as described below.
  • positioning component 157 may be configured to perform one or more operations of, and/or at least part of the functionality of, message processor 158 and/or controller 154, for example, to trigger communication of one or more VHT messages, FTM messages, and/or positioning packets, e.g., as described below.
  • positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to trigger the ranging measurements, for example, periodically and/or or upon a request from an application executed by a device, for example, to determine an accurate location of the device.
  • positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more measurements according to a VHT ranging protocol, e.g., as described below.
  • positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more proximity, ranging, and/or location estimation measurements, e.g., in an indoor location, based on the VHT ranging measurements.
  • the VHT ranging measurements may provide a relatively accurate estimation of location, range and/or proximity, e.g., in an indoor location.
  • a positioning component e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157, configured to perform measurements according to a VHT ranging protocol and/or procedure.
  • the positioning component may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative type of Time of Flight (ToF) measurements, ranging measurements, positioning measurements, proximity measurements, and/or location estimation measurements, e.g., according to any additional or alternative protocol and/or procedure.
  • TOF Time of Flight
  • a first STA e.g., a responding STA
  • the second STA e.g., the initiating STA
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates messages of a FTM procedure including one or more operations, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • one or more messages of the FTM procedure may be implemented, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 IREVmc Specification.
  • the messages of a FTM procedure may be exchanged between an initiating station, e.g., device 202, and a responding station, e.g., device 240.
  • device 102 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform a role of, one or more functionalities of, and/or one or more operations of, initiating station 202; and/or device 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform a role of, one or more functionalities of, and/or one or more operations of, responding station 240.
  • device 202 may transmit to device 240 an FTM request message
  • device 240 may transmit an FTM request acknowledgement (ACK)
  • ACK FTM request acknowledgement
  • FTM procedure 200 may include an FTM measurement period, during which devices 202 and 240 may communicate FTM measurement frames, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 202 and/or 240 may communicate the FTM measurement frames between devices 202 and 240 during the FTM measurement period, for example, to determine a Time of Flight (ToF) value between devices 202 and 240.
  • ToF Time of Flight
  • device 240 may determine a time value, denoted tl_l, based on a time at which an FTM message 234 is transmitted to device 202.
  • the time value tl_l may be based on a Time of Departure (ToD) of message 234.
  • ToD Time of Departure
  • device 202 may receive message 234 and may determine a time value, denoted t2_l, e.g., based on a Time of Arrival (ToA) of message 234.
  • t2_l a time value
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • device 202 may determine a time value, denoted t3_l, based on a time at which a message 236 is transmitted to device 240.
  • Message 236 may include, for example, an acknowledgement message transmitted in response to FTM message 234.
  • the time value t3_l may be based on a ToD of the message 236.
  • device 240 may receive message 236 and may determine a time value, denoted t4_l, e.g., based on a ToA of message 236.
  • device 240 may transmit an FTM message 238 to device 202.
  • Message 238 may include, for example, information corresponding to the time value tl_l and/or the time value t4_l.
  • message 238 may include a timestamp, e.g., a ToD timestamp, including the time value tl_l, and a timestamp, e.g., a ToA timestamp, including the time value t4 1.
  • device 202 may receive message 238.
  • device 202 may transmit a message 239 to device 240.
  • Message 239 may include, for example, an acknowledgement message transmitted in response to message 238.
  • device 240 may transmit an FTM message 242 to device 202.
  • Message 242 may include, for example, information corresponding to the time value tl_2 and/or the time value t4_2, e.g., corresponding to the messages 238 and 239.
  • message 242 may include a timestamp, e.g., a ToD timestamp, including the time value tl_2 corresponding to the message 238, and a timestamp, e.g., a ToA timestamp, including the time value t4_2 corresponding to message 239.
  • device 202 may receive message 242.
  • device 202 may transmit a message 243 to device 240.
  • Message 239 may include, for example, an acknowledgement message transmitted in response to message 242.
  • Device 202 may determine a ToF between device 202 and device 240, for example, based on message 238 and/or message 242. For example, device 202 may determine the ToF based on an average, or any other function, applied to the time values tl_l, t2_l, t3_l and t4_l. For example, device 202 may determine the ToF, e.g., as follows:
  • Device 202 may determine the distance between devices 202 and 240 based on the calculated ToF.
  • device 202 may determine the distance, denoted rk , e.g., as follows:
  • FTM procedure 200 may be configured for an associated mode and/or an unassociated mode.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may be configured to perform operations and/or communications of a ranging protocol, which may be configured to provide one or more benefits, to provide one or more advantages and/or to solve one or more of the problems and/or shortcomings of the FTM procedure 200 (Fig. 2), e.g., as described below.
  • the FTM procedure 200 may be enhanced or modified, for example, by enhancing, modifying, replacing and/or adding one or more operations, e.g., as described below.
  • FTM procedure 200 may be defined for APs in accordance with IEEE 802.1 IREVmc specification and APs in accordance with IEEE 802.1 laz specification.
  • FTM procedure 200 may include a SISO protocol, e.g., using a pre-VHT compatible format ACK, e.g., a Non-HT duplicate ACK, and/or one transmit chain for each measurement.
  • an enhanced FTM procedure (a“VHT ranging measurement” or“VHT measurement”) may be implemented, for example, as part of a future positioning Specification, e.g., an IEEE 802.11az Specification.
  • a VHT ranging measurement may be configured, for example, based on one or more sounding messages, e.g., in the form of Null Data Packets (NDPs), for example, using a variant of a VHT sounding protocol.
  • NDPs Null Data Packets
  • configuring an FTM procedure to utilize sounding messages may allow one or more benefits and/or advantages, for example, to save medium access, and/or to allow angular measurement, e.g., in addition to, and/or instead of, a range measurement, e.g., as described below.
  • a VHT measurement may allow a positioning measurement using sounding messages, e.g., VHT sounding, for example, even at an unassociated mode, e.g., when an initiating STA is unassociated with a responding STA, for example, an AP, e.g., as described below.
  • sounding messages e.g., VHT sounding
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates messages of a VHT ranging measurement 300, including one or more operations, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • one or more messages of the VHT ranging measurement 300 may be implemented, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 laz Specification.
  • VHT measurement 300 may use NDPs, e.g., VHT sounding NDPs.
  • VHT measurement 300 may include exchanging one or more messages between a responder STA 340 and an initiator STA 302.
  • device 102 may be configured to perform a role of, one or more functionalities of, and/or one or more operations of, initiating STA 302; and/or device 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform a role of, one or more functionalities of, and/or one or more operations of, responding STA 340.
  • initiator 302 may transmit to responder 340 a request message 312, e.g., an Enhanced/Extended FTM (EFTM) request message, to request to perform a ranging measurement with responder 340, e.g., at a VHTz mode.
  • a request message 312 e.g., an Enhanced/Extended FTM (EFTM) request message
  • EFTM Enhanced/Extended FTM
  • the VHT measurement 300 may include transmission of an NDP (sounding NDP) 322 from initiator 302 to responder 340.
  • NDP sounding NDP
  • the VHT measurement 300 may include transmission of an NDP (sounding NDP) 324 from responder 340 to initiator 302.
  • NDP sounding NDP
  • the VHT measurement 300 may include transmission of a response message 326, e.g., an EFTM response, including measurement results of the VHT measurement 300.
  • a response message 326 e.g., an EFTM response
  • the measurement results may include, for example, information of a ToD of NDP 324, and information of a To A of NDP 322.
  • one or more security measures may be required for a range measurement protocol, for example, to provide privacy and/or authenticity to the range measurements protocol, for example, if a feedback, e.g., measurement results, of a ranging measurement, e.g., response message 326 (Fig. 3), and/or FTM message 238 (Fig. 2), is provided in a wireless manner, e.g., over the air.
  • a feedback e.g., measurement results
  • a ranging measurement e.g., response message 326 (Fig. 3)
  • FTM message 238 Fig. 2
  • an adversary STA may monitor the air medium, for example, to learn about a location of an initiator STA, and/or to manipulate a reported location to the initiator STA.
  • an initiator STA may ask for at least two FTM measurements for a single range in order to receive feedback from a responding STA, e.g., to enable range calculation.
  • Multiplying this by a plurality of STAs may result in increased power consumption and/or an increased level of air interface consumption.
  • a security solution e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.11az specification, which includes reusing a Protected Management Frames (PMF) cryptosystem, to secure a range measurement, e.g., as described below.
  • PMF Protected Management Frames
  • this security solution may define that the range measurement must be finished in a single Transmit Opportunity (TX-OP), and that the feedback may include immediate feedback and not only staggered feedback, for example, to solve an inefficiency use of the increased air interface in range measurements in accordance with IEEE 802.1 IREVmc specification.
  • TX-OP Transmit Opportunity
  • the feedback may include immediate feedback and not only staggered feedback, for example, to solve an inefficiency use of the increased air interface in range measurements in accordance with IEEE 802.1 IREVmc specification.
  • the security solution may not cover range measurements in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 IREVmc specification.
  • adaptation of the security solution may not easily support legacy devices, e.g., in accordance with IEEE 802.1 IREVmc specification, for example, the adaptation of the security solution may require firmware, hardware and/or silicone changes.
  • a client STA performing a range measurement may be required to maintain security context with several APs, e.g., APs in accordance with IEEE 802.11REVmc specification, or APs in accordance with IEEE 802.1 laz specification, for example, to find a location of the client STA.
  • APs e.g., APs in accordance with IEEE 802.11REVmc specification, or APs in accordance with IEEE 802.1 laz specification, for example, to find a location of the client STA.
  • maintaining the security context with the several APs may include performing one or more operations, which may increase an overhead of the client STA, e.g., as described below.
  • the client STA may be required to generate a private key for each secured range measurement, which may be time consuming and/or may increase processing power.
  • the client STA may be required to quickly associate with new APs.
  • maintaining the security context may add an overhead to the air medium, e.g., as more parameters may be negotiated and maintained over time in the air medium, for example, handling of missed messages between the client STA and the several APs.
  • devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 may be configured to perform a ranging measurement which may be configured to address one or more potential inefficiencies, disadvantages and/or technical problems, for example, in some deployments, use cases and/or scenarios, e.g., as described below.
  • an initiator STA e.g., device 102
  • system 100 may include a cloud server 170.
  • cloud server 170 may include a local server, e.g., within a same location as devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180.
  • cloud server 170 may include a network server, e.g., accessible over the Internet.
  • cloud server 170 may include at least one communication interface 172 to communicate with a plurality of initiator STAs and a plurality of responder STAs.
  • communication interface 172 may be configured to communicate with device 102 and device 140.
  • communication interface 172 may include a wired interface, a wireless interface, or a combination of wired and wireless interfaces, which may be configured to communicate with devices 102 and/or 140 via one or more wired and/or wireless networks according to one or more wired and/or wireless communication protocols and/or Radio Access Technologies (RATs).
  • RATs Radio Access Technologies
  • device 102 and device 140 may be connected to cloud server 170, for example, via communication interface 172.
  • device 140 may include an AP and device 102 may include A Smartphone.
  • device 102 may be connected to cloud server 170, for example, via communication interface 172, over an Internet connection using a cellular protocol, and/or device 140 may be connected to cloud server 170, for example, via communication interface 172, over an Ethernet, e.g., wired, connection.
  • cloud server 170 may include a database 176, for example, to store information of the plurality of initiator STAs and information of the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as described below.
  • database 176 may store information corresponding to device 102 and/or information corresponding to device 140.
  • a STA e.g., a responder STA or an initiator STA
  • the STA may be registered to the cloud server 150.
  • the STA may have an account including information at cloud server 150.
  • cloud server 170 may include at least one processor 174 configured to process, control, and/or perform one or more operations of cloud server 170, e.g., as described below.
  • processor 174 may be configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control cloud server 170 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between cloud server 170 and the plurality of initiator STAs and the plurality of responder STAs, as described below.
  • processor 174 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of processor 174. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities processor 174 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and 140 may be configured to perform a ranging measurement between devices 102 and 140, e.g., ranging measurement 200 (Fig. 2), ranging measurement 300 (Fig. 3), and/or any other additional or alternative ranging measurement.
  • a ranging measurement between devices 102 and 140, e.g., ranging measurement 200 (Fig. 2), ranging measurement 300 (Fig. 3), and/or any other additional or alternative ranging measurement.
  • cloud server 170 may be configured to collect from one or more responder STAs, e.g., devices 140, 160 and/or 180, feedback information of ranging measurements performed by the responding STAs with one or more initiating STAs, e.g., device 102, and to provide the feedback information to the initiating devices.
  • the feedback information may be collected by cloud server 170 and provided to the initiating STAs, e.g., instead of feedback information, which is to be included in response message 326 (Fig. 3) and/or FTM message 238 (Fig. 2), e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 may initiate the range measurement with device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger a station implemented by device 102 to transmit to device 140 a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • the ranging measurement request may include a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from device 140 to cloud server 170, e.g., as described below.
  • the one or more responder- measured values of the ranging measurement may include one or responder-measured timing values, e.g., as described below.
  • the one or more responder- measured values of the ranging measurement may include one or responder-measured angle values, e.g., as described below.
  • the one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement may include any other additional or alternative values of any other parameter measured by a responder STA.
  • the ranging measurement request may include identifier information to identify the cloud server 170, e.g., as described below.
  • the field of the ranging measurement request may include a fine timing measurement parameters field, e.g., as described below.
  • any other field or information element may be used to provide the indication that that one or more responder-measured timing values of the ranging measurement are to be sent to cloud server 170.
  • the one or more responder-measured values may include one or more values of the ranging measurement measured by device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • device 140 may receive the ranging measurement request from device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to receive from device 102 the ranging measurement request, e.g., to request to perform the ranging measurement with device 102, including the field to indicate that the one or more responder- measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from device 140 to the cloud server 170, e.g., as described below.
  • devices 102 and 140 may perform the ranging measurement between devices 102 and 140, e.g., according to ranging measurement 200 (Fig. 2), ranging measurement 300 (Fig. 3), and/or any other ranging measurement.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to perform the ranging measurement with device 140.
  • controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to perform the ranging measurement with device 102.
  • controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to measure one or more responder-measured values during the ranging measurement with device 102.
  • controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to measure a Time of Arrival (To A) value corresponding to a To A of a first ranging frame from device 102 to device 140, and/or to measure a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from device 140 to device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to measure an angle value during the ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.
  • the angle value may include an Angle of Arrival (AoA) value corresponding to an AoA of a frame from device 102 to device 140.
  • AoA Angle of Arrival
  • controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to transmit a ranging frame of the ranging measurement to device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • the ranging frame may include one or more measurement fields including a predefined value to indicate that the responder-measured values are to be sent from the cloud server 170 to device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • the measurement fields of the ranging frame may include a ToA field and a ToD field, e.g., as described below.
  • the measurement fields of the ranging frame may include any other additional or alternative fields.
  • the ToA field may include a first predefined value, which is different from the ToA value, and/or the ToD field may include a second predefined value, which is different from the ToD value, e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 may receive the ranging frame from device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to receive from device 140 the ranging frame of the ranging measurement including the one or more measurement fields including the predefined value to indicate that the ranging information is to be received from the cloud server 170.
  • device 140 may receive the ranging frame including the ToA field including the first predefined value, which is different from the ToA value, and/or the ToD field including the second predefined value, which is different from the ToD value, for example, to indicate device 102 that the ranging information is to be received from the cloud server 170.
  • device 140 may transmit to cloud server 170 a first message including the one or more responder-measured values, for example, based on the identifier information in the ranging measurement request that identifies the cloud server 170, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to send to the cloud server 170 the one or more responder-measured values, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to send the ToD value and the ToA value to the cloud server 170, e.g., in the first message.
  • controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to send the angle value measured by device 140 to the cloud server 170, e.g., in the first message.
  • cloud server 170 may receive the first message from device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • processor 174 may process the first message from device 140, e.g., including the one or more responder-measured values measured by device 140 in the ranging measurement with device 102.
  • processor 174 may be configured to generate a second message including ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder- measured values from device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • the ranging information may include the one or more responder-measured values received in the first message from device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • the ranging information may include the ToA value and the ToD value as measured by device 140 during the ranging measurement with device 102.
  • the ToA value may correspond to the ToA of the first ranging frame from device 102 to device 140
  • the ToD value may correspond to the ToD of the second ranging frame from device 140 to device 102.
  • the ranging information may include the angle value, e.g., corresponding to the AoA measured at device 140.
  • processor 174 may be configured to send the second message to device 102, e.g., via the communication interface 172, e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 may receive from the cloud server 170 the second message including the ranging information, e.g., as described below
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to receive from the cloud server 170 the ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder- measured values measured by device 140 during the ranging measurement between devices 102 and 140, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to determine a range between device 102 and device 140 based on the ranging information from cloud server 170, e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 may determine the range between device 102 and device 140, for example, based on the ToD value the ToA value measured by device 140 during the ranging measurement with device 140, for example, if this information is included in the ranging information from cloud server 170.
  • device 102 may be configured to assist cloud server 170 with information to determine the range between device 102 and device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 may send to cloud server 170 a third message including initiator-measured values of the ranging measurement between devices 102 and 140, for example, to enable cloud server 170 to determine the range between device 102 and device 140.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to send to the cloud server 170 one or more initiator-measured values of the ranging measurement between devices 102 and 140, e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 may send to cloud server 170 the initiator-measured values, for example, if cloud server 170 is to determine the range between device 102 and device 140, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to measure one or more initiator-measured values during the ranging measurement with device 140.
  • the one or more initiator- measured values during the ranging measurement may include, for example, a ToD value corresponds to a ToD of the first ranging frame from device 102 to device 140, and a ToA value corresponds to a ToA of the second ranging frame from device 140 to device 102, e.g., as described above with reference to Fig. 2 and/or Fig. 3.
  • cloud server 170 may receive the third message including the one or more initiator-measured values from device 102.
  • processor 174 may be configured to process the third message from device 102 including the plurality of initiator-measured values measured by device 102 in the ranging measurement with device 140.
  • processor 174 may be configured to determine the range between device 102 and device 140, for example, based on the initiator- measured values from device 102 and the responder-measured values from device 140.
  • processor 174 may determine an RTT between device 102 and device 140, for example, based on the ToD and ToA values that correspond to the first ranging frame from device 102 to device 140, and the ToD and ToA values that correspond to the ToA of the second ranging frame from device 140 to device 102.
  • device 102 may transmit a plurality of ranging measurement requests to a respective plurality of responder STAs to perform a plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, for example, to determine the location of device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to transmit a plurality of ranging measurement requests to a respective plurality of responder STAs, e.g., devices 140, 160 and/or 180.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to perform a plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., according to ranging measurement 200 (Fig. 2), according to ranging measurement 300 (Fig. 3), and/or any other ranging measurement.
  • the plurality of responder STAs may receive the plurality of ranging measurement requests from device 102, and may perform the plurality of ranging measurements with device 102.
  • the plurality of responder STAs may send to clod server 170 a respective plurality of first messages including a plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs in the plurality of ranging measurements with device 102.
  • a responder STA e.g., each responder STA, of the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., device 140, may send a first message of the plurality of first messages to cloud server 170.
  • the first message may include responder-measured values measured by the responder STA.
  • device 140 may transmit to cloud server 170 the first message including responder-measured values measured by device 140.
  • cloud server 170 may receive the plurality of first messages from the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as described below.
  • processor 174 may be configured to process the plurality of first messages from the plurality of responder STAs, the for example, including the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs in the plurality of ranging measurements with device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • processor 174 may be configured to generate the second message, e.g., to device 102, including the ranging information, which is based on the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as described below.
  • processor 174 may be configured to cause cloud server 170 to send to device 102 the second message including the ranging information, which is based on the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as described below.
  • the ranging information sent from cloud server 170 to device 102 may include the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as described below.
  • the ranging information may include at least first responder-measured values and second responder-measured values, e.g., as described below.
  • the first responder-measured values may be measured by a first responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., device 140, in a first ranging measurement with device 102.
  • the second responder-measured values may be measured by a second responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., device 180 or device 160, in a second ranging measurement with device 102.
  • device 102 may receive from cloud server 170 the second message including the ranging information, which is based on the plurality of responder- measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to receive from the cloud server 170 the ranging information, which is based on the plurality of responder- measured values from the plurality of responder STAs.
  • the ranging information may include the plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to determine a location of device 102 based on the ranging information, e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 may determine the location of device 102, for example, based on the plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to determine a location of device 102 based on the plurality of responder-measured values, e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 may determine a plurality of ranges to the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., based on the plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs, and may perform trilateration to determine the location of device 102, e.g., based on the plurality of ranges.
  • device 102 may determine a plurality of angles to the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., based on the plurality of responder-measured angle values from the plurality of responder STAs, and may perform triangulation to determine the location of device 102, e.g., based on the plurality of angles.
  • the ranging information may include the location of device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • device 102 may be configured to measure a plurality of initiator-measured values during the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, for example, if cloud server 170 is to determine the location of device 102, e.g., as described below.
  • controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to measure the plurality of initiator-measured values during the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and to send the plurality of initiator-measured values to the cloud server 170.
  • cloud server 170 may receive from device 102 the third message including the plurality of initiator-measured values.
  • processor 174 may be configured to receive and process the third message from device 102 including the plurality of initiator-measured values measured by device 102 in the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs.
  • processor 174 may be configured to determine a location of device 102, for example, based on the plurality of initiator- measured values measured by device 102 during the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and the plurality of responder-measured values, which measured by the plurality of responder STAs during the plurality of ranging measurements with device 102. [00271] In some demonstrative embodiments, processor 174 may be configured to send the second message to device 102 including the location of device 102.
  • device 102 may receive the second message including the location of device 102, which may allow device 102 to avoid calculation of the location of device 102.
  • allowing the ranging information to be provided from cloud server 170 to device 102 may prevent adversary monitoring of the air interface, for example, to learn about a location of the initiator STA, and/or may save air time, e.g., as only one measurement round may be sufficient for receiving the feedback for the range calculation.
  • allowing the ranging information to be provided from cloud server 170 to device 102 may support providing location privacy to a STA in accordance with an IEEE 802.11REVmc specification and/or an IEEE 802.11az specification, for example, while only requiring one or more software changes to the STAs, e.g., as described below.
  • cloud-service providers and/or owners may be ale to create a database, e.g., an anonymous database, including STA location and to sell data generated from the database to one or more customers, for example, by receiving and processing initiator-measured values from a plurality of initiator STAs, and/or responder-measured values from a plurality of responder STAs.
  • allowing the ranging information to be provided from cloud server 170 to device 102 may provide a technical solution to save on wireless medium consumption and/or power consumption of the STAs.
  • FTM measurement 200 Fig. 2
  • the feedback provided over the air belongs to the last FTM measurement, and therefore, a ranging measurement involves at least two FTM measurements.
  • cloud server 170 may be configured to collect and provide feedback from many APs in a reduced number of messages, e.g., even in a single data packet.
  • Fig. 4 schematically illustrates communications between elements of a system for a ranging measurement 400, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • the ranging measurement may be preformed between an initiator STA 402, and a plurality of responder STAs, and a cloud server 470 may be utilized to provide feedback of the ranging measurement to the initiator STA 402, e.g., as described below.
  • the plurality of responder STAs may include a first responder STA 440, a second responder STA 460 and/or a third responder STA 480.
  • device 102 may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, and/or one or more functionalities of the initiator STA 402; devices 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, one or more functionalities of responder stations 440, 460, and/or 480; and/or cloud server 170 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, and/or one or more functionalities of cloud server 470.
  • initiator STA 402 may perform a plurality of ranging measurements 412 with the plurality of responder STAs.
  • the plurality of responder STAs may send a plurality of messages to a cloud server 470, e.g., via a cloud service 475.
  • the plurality of messages may include a plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as describe below.
  • responder STA 440 may send a message 442 to cloud server 470, e.g., via a local router/switch 445 and via cloud service 475.
  • message 442 may include responder-measured values, e.g., ToA and/or ToD values and/or angle values, measured by responder STA 440 during a ranging measurement 444 between responder STA 440 and initiator STA 402.
  • responder-measured values e.g., ToA and/or ToD values and/or angle values
  • responder STA 460 may send a message 462 to cloud server 470, e.g., via a local router/switch 445 and via cloud service 475.
  • message 462 may include responder-measured values, e.g., ToA and/or ToD values and/or angle values, measured by responder STA 460 during a ranging measurement 464 between responder STA 460 and initiator STA 402.
  • responder STA 480 may send a message 482 to cloud server 470, e.g., via cloud service 475.
  • message 482 may include responder-measured values, e.g., ToA and/or ToD values and/or angle values, measured by responder STA 480 during a ranging measurement 484 between responder STA 480 and initiator STA 402.
  • responder-measured values e.g., ToA and/or ToD values and/or angle values
  • one or more responder STAs may be registered with the cloud server 470.
  • each responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs may have an account at a cloud service provider, e.g., at cloud server 470 and/or cloud service 475.
  • initiator STA 402 may also be registered to the cloud server 470.
  • initiator STA 402 may check, e.g., via a cloud interface, whether one or more responder STAs, e.g., with which initiator STA 402 is to perform ranging measurements, are registered with the cloud server 470.
  • initiator STA 402 may request from the plurality of responder STAs to provide the feedback of the plurality of ranging measurements 412 to the cloud server 470, e.g., via cloud service 475, for example, when requesting the plurality of initiator STAs to perform the plurality of ranging measurements 412.
  • the cloud server 470 may receive (473 In) the plurality of messages from the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., via cloud service 475, may group some or all the plurality of messages, and may send (473 Out) feedback 414 to initiator STA 402.
  • feedback 414 may assist the initiator STA 402 to determine ranges between the initiator STA 402 and the plurality of responder STAs, and/or may provide to initiator STA 402 a location of the initiator STA 402, e.g., when the initiator STA 402 performs range measurement with more than two responder STAs.
  • Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a structure of an FTM request action field 500, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FTM request action field 500 may be included as part of an FTM request from an initiator STA to a responder STA, e.g., as part of FTM request 231 (Fig. 2) and/or EFTM request 312 (Fig. 3).
  • device 102 may transmit to device 140 (Fig. 1) the ranging measurement request including FTM request action field 500.
  • FTM request action field 500 may include an optional Fine Timing Measurement Parameters field 502, which may be configured to define and/or configure one or more parameters for a ranging measurement.
  • Fine Timing Measurement Parameters field 502 may include a field 504 including a predefined value configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured timing values of a ranging measurement with the initiator STA are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server.
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a structure of an FTM action field 600, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • FTM action field 600 may be included as part of a ranging frame transmitted from a responder STA to an initiator STA, the ranging frame may be part of a ranging measurement between the responder STA and the initiator STA.
  • FTM action field 600 may be included as part of FTM message 238 (Fig. 2) and/or EFTM response 326 (Fig. 3).
  • device 140 may transmit to device 102 (Fig. 1) the ranging frame including FTM action field 600.
  • FTM action field 600 may include a ToD field 602, a ToA field 604, a ToD error field 612, and/or a ToA error field 614.
  • a responder STA may be configured to set and/or include in the ToD field 602 a first predefined value, which is different from a ToD value of the ranging measurement, and/or to set and/or include in the ToA field 604 a second predefined value, which is different from a ToA value of the ranging measurement.
  • a responder STA e.g., device 140
  • ToD field 602, ToA field 604, ToD error field 612, and/or ToA error field 614 may include a value of“01010101” or any other value, to notify the initiator STA that the responder-measured timing values of the ranging measurement are to be received from the cloud server.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates operations and communications of a ranging measurement 700, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • ranging measurement 700 may be performed between an initiator STA 702 and a responder STA 740, and may be supported by a cloud server 770.
  • device 102 may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, and/or one or more functionalities of the initiator STA 702; and/or devices 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, and/or one or more functionalities of responder station 740, and/or cloud server 170 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, and/or one or more functionalities of cloud server 770.
  • initiator STA 702 may send to responder STA 740 an FTM request message 712 to request to perform an FTM measurement with responder STA 740.
  • FTM request message 712 may include FTM request action field 500 (Fig. 5) including Fine Timing Measurement Parameters field 502 (Fig. 5) configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured timing values of the FTM measurement are to be sent from the responder STA 740 to the cloud server 770, e.g., as described above.
  • initiator STA 702 may optionally send an FTM request message 714 to responder STA 740 via cloud server 770, to request to perform ranging measurement 700 with responder STA 740, for example, instead of or in addition to sending the FTM request 712.
  • initiator STA 702 may perform the FTM measurement with responder STA 740, for example, by exchanging with responder STA 740 a first ranging frame 716 and a second ranging frame 718.
  • responder STA 740 may send to cloud server 770 a message 722 including one or more responder-measured timing values of the FTM measurement.
  • the one or more responder- measured timing values may include a ToD value, e.g., the value“tl” corresponding to a ToD of ranging frame 716 from responder STA 740, and/or a ToA value, e.g., the value “t4”, corresponding to a ToA of ranging frame 718 at responder STA 740.
  • a ToD value e.g., the value“tl” corresponding to a ToD of ranging frame 716 from responder STA 740
  • a ToA value e.g., the value “t4”
  • initiator STA 702 may optionally send to cloud server 770 a message 724 including one or more initiator-measured timing values of the FTM measurement with responder STA 740.
  • the one or more initiator- measured timing values may include a ToA value, e.g., the value“t2” corresponding to a ToA of ranging frame 716 at initiator STA 702, and a ToD value, e.g., the value“t3”, corresponding to a ToD of ranging frame 718 from initiator STA 702.
  • a ToA value e.g., the value“t2” corresponding to a ToA of ranging frame 716 at initiator STA 702
  • a ToD value e.g., the value“t3”
  • initiator STA 702 may optionally send message 724, for example, to assist cloud server 770 and/or responder STA 740 to determine a range between initiator STA 702 and responder STA 740.
  • cloud server 770 may receive a plurality of responder-measured timing values from a plurality of responder STAs, for example, if initiator STA 702 performs a plurality of FTM measurements with a plurality of responder STAs, e.g., in addition to the FTM measurement with responder STA 740.
  • cloud server 770 may perform an operation of grouping the plurality of responder-measured timing values from the plurality of responder STAs.
  • cloud server 770 may send to the initiator STA 702 a message 728 including the plurality of responder-measured timing values from the plurality of responder STAs, which may assist initiator STA 702 to calculate (732) the location of initiator STA 702. [00323] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 7, cloud server 770 may optionally calculate (738) the location of initiator STA 702, for example, to update a database, e.g., database 176 (Fig. 1), with the location of initiator STA 702.
  • a database e.g., database 176 (Fig. 1)
  • cloud server 770 may optionally send to the responder STA 740 a message 734 including the one or more initiator- measured timing values, e.g., the values“t2” and“t3”, which may assist responder STA 740 to calculate (736) the range between initiator STA 702 and responder STA 740.
  • the responder STA 740 may optionally send to the responder STA 740 a message 734 including the one or more initiator- measured timing values, e.g., the values“t2” and“t3”, which may assist responder STA 740 to calculate (736) the range between initiator STA 702 and responder STA 740.
  • FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a sequence flow 800 of a ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • the ranging flow 800 may be performed, for example, between an initiator STA, and plurality of responder STAs, with assistance of a cloud server, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • device 102 may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, and/or one or more functionalities of the initiator STA; devices 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, one or more functionalities of the plurality of responder STAs; and/or cloud server 170 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, and/or one or more functionalities of the cloud server.
  • the plurality of responder STAs may be configured to register at the cloud server, e.g., as described above.
  • the initiator STA may be configured to determine whether or not one or more responder STAs for a ranging measurement are registered to the cloud server, e.g., as described above.
  • the initiator STA may be configured to request the cloud server to provide to the initiator STA ranging information of a plurality of ranging measurements with the one or more responder STAs, e.g., as described above.
  • the initiator STA may be configured to request to perform a plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and to request to receive the ranging information of the plurality of ranging measurements from the cloud server, for example, instead of from the responder STAs, e.g., as described above.
  • the initiator STA may be configured to perform the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as described above.
  • the initiator STA may be configured to receive from the cloud server ranging information including a plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as described above.
  • the initiator STA may optionally send to the cloud server initiator-measured values corresponding to the ranging measurements with the responder STAs, e.g., as described above.
  • the cloud server may optionally calculate a location of the initiator STA, for example, based on the responder- measured values and the initiator-measured values, e.g., as described above.
  • the initiator STA may be configured to calculate the location of the initiator STA, for example, based on the initiator- measured values and the plurality of responder-measured values, e.g., as described above.
  • Fig. 9 schematically illustrates a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • a wireless communication system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1); a cloud server, e.g., cloud server 170 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); a processor, e.g., processor 174 (Fig. 1); a positioning component, e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig.
  • a wireless communication system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1); a cloud server, e.g., cloud server 170 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); a processor
  • a location estimator e.g., location estimator 115 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1); a communication interface, e.g., communication interface 172 (Fig. 1); a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1), a transmitter, e.g., transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1); and/or a receiver, e.g., receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1).
  • the method may include transmitting from an initiator STA to a responder STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request including a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server.
  • positioning component 117 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig. 1) to transmit to device 140 (Fig. 1) the ranging measurement request to request to perform the ranging measurement with device 140 (Fig. 1), the ranging measurement request including the field, e.g., field 504 (Fig. 5), to indicate that the one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from device 140 (Fig. 1) to cloud server 170 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include performing the ranging measurement with the responder STA.
  • positioning component 117 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig. 1) to perform the ranging measurement with device 140 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include receiving from the cloud server ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder- measured values.
  • positioning component 117 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig. 1) to receive from cloud server 170 (Fig. 1) the ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder-measured values, e.g., as described above.
  • Fig. 10 schematically illustrates a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • a wireless communication system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1); a cloud server, e.g., cloud server 170 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); a processor, e.g., processor 174 (Fig. 1); a positioning component, e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig.
  • a wireless communication system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1); a cloud server, e.g., cloud server 170 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); a processor
  • a location estimator e.g., location estimator 115 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1); a communication interface, e.g., communication interface 172 (Fig. 1); a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1), a transmitter, e.g., transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1); and/or a receiver, e.g., receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1).
  • the method may include receiving at a responder STA from an initiator STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request including a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server.
  • positioning component 157 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to receive from device 102 (Fig. 1) the ranging measurement request to request to perform the ranging measurement with device 140 (Fig. 1), the ranging measurement request including the field, e.g., field 504 (Fig. 5), to indicate that the one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from device 140 (Fig. 1) to cloud server 170 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include measuring the one or more responder-measured values during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA.
  • positioning component 157 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to measure the one or more responder-measured values during the ranging measurement with device 102 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include transmitting a ranging frame of the ranging measurement to the initiator STA, the ranging frame including one or more measurement fields including a predefined value to indicate that the responder-measured values are to be sent from the cloud server to the initiator STA.
  • positioning component 157 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to transmit to device 102 (Fig. 1) the ranging frame of the ranging measurement including the one or more measurement fields, e.g., filed 602, 604, 612 and/or 614 (Fig. 6), including the predefined value to indicate that the responder-measured values are to be sent from the cloud server 170 (Fig. 1) to device 102 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include sending to the cloud server the one or more responder-measured values.
  • positioning component 157 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to send to the cloud server 170 (Fig. 1) the one or more responder-measured values, e.g., as described above.
  • Fig. 11 schematically illustrates a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
  • a wireless communication system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1); a cloud server, e.g., cloud server 170 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); a processor, e.g., processor 174 (Fig. 1); a positioning component, e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig.
  • a wireless communication system e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102, 140, 160 and/or 180 (Fig. 1); a cloud server, e.g., cloud server 170 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); a processor
  • a location estimator e.g., location estimator 115 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1); a communication interface, e.g., communication interface 172 (Fig. 1); a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1), a transmitter, e.g., transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1); and/or a receiver, e.g., receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1).
  • the method may include communicating with a plurality of initiator STAs and a plurality of responder STAs.
  • communication interface 172 (Fig. 1) may communicate with the plurality of initiator STAs and the plurality of responder STAs, e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include processing a first message from a responder STA, the first message including one or more responder-measured values measured by the responder STA in a ranging measurement with an initiator STA.
  • processor 174 may process the first message from device 140 (Fig. 1), the first message including the one or more responder- measured values measured by device 140 (Fig. 1), in the ranging measurement with device 102 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include generating a second message including ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder- measured values.
  • processor 174 Fig. 1
  • the method may include generating a second message including ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder-measured values from device 140 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above.
  • the method may include sending the second message to the initiator STA via a communication interface.
  • processor 174 Fig. 1 may send the second message to device 102 (Fig. 1) via communication interface 172 (Fig. 1), e.g., as described above.
  • Product 1200 may include one or more tangible computer-readable (“machine readable”) non-transitory storage media 1202, which may include computer-executable instructions, e.g., implemented by logic 1204, operable to, when executed by at least one processor, e.g., computer processor, enable the at least one processor to implement one or more operations at device 102 (Fig. 1), device 140 (Fig. 1), device 160 (Fig. 1), device 180 (Fig. 1), cloud server 170 (Fig. 1), processor 174 (Fig. 1), controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1), positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig.
  • Non-transitory machine-readable media (medium)” and “computer-readable non-transitory storage media (medium)” are directed to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal.
  • product 1200 and/or storage media 1202 may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like.
  • storage media 1202 may include, RAM, DRAM, Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory (e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory, phase- change memory, ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide- silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppy disk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magnetic card, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like.
  • RAM random access memory
  • DDR-DRAM Double-Data-Rate DRAM
  • SDRAM static RAM
  • ROM read-only memory
  • PROM
  • the computer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involved with downloading or transferring a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.
  • a communication link e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.
  • logic 1204 may include instructions, data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method, process and/or operations as described herein.
  • the machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.
  • logic 1204 may include, or may be implemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words, values, symbols, and the like.
  • the instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • the instructions may be implemented according to a predefined computer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform a certain function.
  • the instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.
  • Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause an initiator wireless communication station (STA) to transmit to a responder STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; perform the ranging measurement with the responder STA; and receive from the cloud server ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder-measured values.
  • STA initiator wireless communication station
  • Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiator STA to transmit a plurality of ranging measurement requests to a respective plurality of responder STAs, to perform a plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and to receive from the cloud server the ranging information, which is based on a plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs, the apparatus configured to cause the initiator STA to determine a location of the initiator STA based on the plurality of responder-measured values.
  • Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 2 or 3, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises at least first responder-measured values and second responder- measured values, the first responder-measured values measured by a first responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a first ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the second responder-measured values measured by a second responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a second ranging measurement with the initiator STA.
  • Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 2-4, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiator STA to measure a plurality of initiator- measured values during the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and to send the plurality of initiator-measured values to the cloud server.
  • Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiator STA to send to the cloud server initiator-measured values of the ranging measurement.
  • Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiator STA to receive a ranging frame of the ranging measurement from the responder STA, the ranging frame comprises one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the ranging information is to be received from the cloud server.
  • Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the one or more responder-measured values.
  • Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a Time of Arrival (To A) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, and a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA.
  • To A Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises an angle value corresponding to an angle measured at the responder STA.
  • Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 12 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-11, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiator STA to determine a range between the initiator STA and the responder STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiator STA to determine a location of the initiator STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15, and optionally, comprising a memory and a processor.
  • Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16, and optionally, comprising a radio, and one or more antennas.
  • Example 18 includes a system of wireless communication comprising an initiator wireless communication station (STA), the initiator STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the initiator STA to transmit to a responder STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; perform the ranging measurement with the responder STA; and receive from the cloud server ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder- measured values.
  • STA initiator wireless communication station
  • Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 18, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiator STA to transmit a plurality of ranging measurement requests to a respective plurality of responder STAs, to perform a plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and to receive from the cloud server the ranging information, which is based on a plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs, the controller is configured to cause the initiator STA to determine a location of the initiator STA based on the plurality of responder-measured values.
  • Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 19 or 20, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises at least first responder-measured values and second responder- measured values, the first responder-measured values measured by a first responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a first ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the second responder-measured values measured by a second responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a second ranging measurement with the initiator STA.
  • Example 22 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-21, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiator STA to measure a plurality of initiator- measured values during the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and to send the plurality of initiator-measured values to the cloud server.
  • Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-22, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiator STA to send to the cloud server initiator-measured values of the ranging measurement.
  • Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-23, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiator STA to receive a ranging frame of the ranging measurement from the responder STA, the ranging frame comprises one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the ranging information is to be received from the cloud server.
  • Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-24, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the one or more responder-measured values.
  • Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-25, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a Time of Arrival (To A) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, and a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA.
  • Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-25, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises an angle value corresponding to an angle measured at the responder STA.
  • Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-27, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-28, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiator STA to determine a range between the initiator STA and the responder STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-29, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiator STA to determine a location of the initiator STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-30, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-31, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 33 includes a method to be performed at an initiator wireless communication station (STA), the method comprising transmitting to a responder STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder- measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; performing the ranging measurement with the responder STA; and receiving from the cloud server ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder-measured values.
  • STA initiator wireless communication station
  • Example 34 includes the subject matter of Example 33, and optionally, comprising transmitting a plurality of ranging measurement requests to a respective plurality of responder STAs, performing a plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and receiving from the cloud server the ranging information, which is based on a plurality of responder- measured values from the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 35 includes the subject matter of Example 34, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs, the method comprising determining a location of the initiator STA based on the plurality of responder- measured values.
  • Example 36 includes the subject matter of Example 34 or 35, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises at least first responder-measured values and second responder- measured values, the first responder-measured values measured by a first responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a first ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the second responder-measured values measured by a second responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a second ranging measurement with the initiator STA.
  • the ranging information comprises at least first responder-measured values and second responder- measured values, the first responder-measured values measured by a first responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a first ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the second responder-measured values measured by a second responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a second ranging measurement with the initiator STA.
  • Example 37 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 34-36, and optionally, comprising measuring a plurality of initiator-measured values during the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and sending the plurality of initiator- measured values to the cloud server.
  • Example 38 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-37, and optionally, comprising sending to the cloud server initiator-measured values of the ranging measurement.
  • Example 39 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-38, and optionally, comprising receiving a ranging frame of the ranging measurement from the responder STA, the ranging frame comprises one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the ranging information is to be received from the cloud server.
  • Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-39, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the one or more responder-measured values.
  • Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-40, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a Time of Arrival (To A) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, and a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA.
  • To A Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-40, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises an angle value corresponding to an angle measured at the responder STA.
  • Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-42, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-43, and optionally, comprising determining a range between the initiator STA and the responder STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 45 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-44, and optionally, comprising determining a location of the initiator STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-45, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-46, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 48 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause an initiator wireless communication station (STA) to transmit to a responder STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; perform the ranging measurement with the responder STA; and receive from the cloud server ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder- measured values.
  • STA initiator wireless communication station
  • Example 49 includes the subject matter of Example 48, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiator STA to transmit a plurality of ranging measurement requests to a respective plurality of responder STAs, to perform a plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and to receive from the cloud server the ranging information, which is based on a plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 49, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs, the instructions, when executed, cause the initiator STA to determine a location of the initiator STA based on the plurality of responder- measured values.
  • Example 51 includes the subject matter of Example 49 or 50, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises at least first responder-measured values and second responder- measured values, the first responder-measured values measured by a first responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a first ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the second responder-measured values measured by a second responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a second ranging measurement with the initiator STA.
  • Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 49-51, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiator STA to measure a plurality of initiator-measured values during the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and to send the plurality of initiator-measured values to the cloud server.
  • Example 53 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-52, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiator STA to send to the cloud server initiator-measured values of the ranging measurement.
  • Example 54 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-53, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiator STA to receive a ranging frame of the ranging measurement from the responder STA, the ranging frame comprises one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the ranging information is to be received from the cloud server.
  • Example 55 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-54, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the one or more responder-measured values.
  • Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-55, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a Time of Arrival (To A) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, and a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA.
  • To A Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-55, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises an angle value corresponding to an angle measured at the responder STA.
  • Example 58 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-57, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-58, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiator STA to determine a range between the initiator STA and the responder STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-59, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiator STA to determine a location of the initiator STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-60, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-61, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 63 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by an initiator wireless communication station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for transmitting to a responder STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; means for performing the ranging measurement with the responder STA; and means for receiving from the cloud server ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder-measured values.
  • STA initiator wireless communication station
  • Example 64 includes the subject matter of Example 63, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting a plurality of ranging measurement requests to a respective plurality of responder STAs, performing a plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and receiving from the cloud server the ranging information, which is based on a plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 65 includes the subject matter of Example 64, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the plurality of responder-measured values from the plurality of responder STAs, the apparatus comprising means for determining a location of the initiator STA based on the plurality of responder-measured values.
  • Example 66 includes the subject matter of Example 64 or 65, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises at least first responder-measured values and second responder- measured values, the first responder-measured values measured by a first responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a first ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the second responder-measured values measured by a second responder STA of the plurality of responder STAs in a second ranging measurement with the initiator STA.
  • Example 67 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 64-66, and optionally, comprising means for measuring a plurality of initiator-measured values during the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and sending the plurality of initiator-measured values to the cloud server.
  • Example 68 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-67, and optionally, comprising means for sending to the cloud server initiator-measured values of the ranging measurement.
  • Example 69 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-68, and optionally, comprising means for receiving a ranging frame of the ranging measurement from the responder STA, the ranging frame comprises one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the ranging information is to be received from the cloud server.
  • Example 70 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-69, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the one or more responder-measured values.
  • Example 71 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-70, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a Time of Arrival (To A) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, and a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA.
  • To A Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 72 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-70, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises an angle value corresponding to an angle measured at the responder STA.
  • Example 73 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-72, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 74 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-73, and optionally, comprising means for determining a range between the initiator STA and the responder STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 75 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-74, and optionally, comprising means for determining a location of the initiator STA based on the ranging information.
  • Example 76 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-75, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 77 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-76, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 78 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a responder wireless communication station (STA) to receive from an initiator STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; measure the one or more responder-measured values during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA; transmit a ranging frame of the ranging measurement to the initiator STA, the ranging frame comprising one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the responder-measured values are to be sent from the cloud server to the initiator STA; and send to the cloud server the one or more responder-measured values.
  • STA responder wireless communication station
  • Example 79 includes the subject matter of Example 78, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the responder STA to measure a Time of Arrival (ToA) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, to measure a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA, and to send the ToD value and the ToA value to the cloud server.
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 80 includes the subject matter of Example 79, and optionally, wherein the measurement fields of the ranging frame comprise a ToA field and a ToD field, the ToA field comprising a first predefined value, which is different from the ToA value, the ToD field comprising a second predefined value, which is different from the ToD value.
  • Example 81 includes the subject matter of Example 78, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the responder STA to measure an angle value during the ranging measurement, and to send the angle value to the cloud server.
  • Example 82 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-81, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 83 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-82, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 84 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-83, and optionally, comprising a memory and a processor.
  • Example 85 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-84, and optionally, comprising a radio, and one or more antennas.
  • Example 86 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a responder wireless communication station (STA), the responder STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the responder STA to receive from an initiator STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; measure the one or more responder- measured values during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA; transmit a ranging frame of the ranging measurement to the initiator STA, the ranging frame comprising one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the responder-measured values are to be sent from the cloud server to the initiator STA; and send to the cloud server the one or more responder- measured values.
  • STA responder wireless communication station
  • the responder STA comprising one or more
  • Example 87 includes the subject matter of Example 86, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the responder STA to measure a Time of Arrival (ToA) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, to measure a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA, and to send the ToD value and the ToA value to the cloud server.
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 88 includes the subject matter of Example 87, and optionally, wherein the measurement fields of the ranging frame comprise a ToA field and a ToD field, the ToA field comprising a first predefined value, which is different from the ToA value, the ToD field comprising a second predefined value, which is different from the ToD value.
  • Example 89 includes the subject matter of Example 86, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the responder STA to measure an angle value during the ranging measurement, and to send the angle value to the cloud server.
  • Example 90 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 86-89, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 86-90, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 92 includes a method to be performed at a responder wireless communication station (STA), the method comprising receiving from an initiator STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder- measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; measuring the one or more responder-measured values during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA; transmitting a ranging frame of the ranging measurement to the initiator STA, the ranging frame comprising one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the responder-measured values are to be sent from the cloud server to the initiator STA; and sending to the cloud server the one or more responder-measured values.
  • STA responder wireless communication station
  • Example 93 includes the subject matter of Example 92, and optionally, comprising measuring a Time of Arrival (ToA) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, measuring a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA, and sending the ToD value and the ToA value to the cloud server.
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 94 includes the subject matter of Example 93, and optionally, wherein the measurement fields of the ranging frame comprise a ToA field and a ToD field, the ToA field comprising a first predefined value, which is different from the ToA value, the ToD field comprising a second predefined value, which is different from the ToD value.
  • Example 95 includes the subject matter of Example 92, and optionally, comprising measuring an angle value during the ranging measurement, and sending the angle value to the cloud server.
  • Example 96 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 92-95, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 97 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 92-96, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 98 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a responder wireless communication station (STA) to receive from an initiator STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder- measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; measure the one or more responder-measured values during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA; transmit a ranging frame of the ranging measurement to the initiator STA, the ranging frame comprising one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the responder-measured values are to be sent from the cloud server to the initiator STA; and send to the cloud server the one or more responder-measured values.
  • STA responder wireless communication station
  • Example 99 includes the subject matter of Example 98, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the responder STA to measure a Time of Arrival (ToA) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, to measure a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA, and to send the ToD value and the ToA value to the cloud server.
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 100 includes the subject matter of Example 99, and optionally, wherein the measurement fields of the ranging frame comprise a ToA field and a ToD field, the ToA field comprising a first predefined value, which is different from the ToA value, the ToD field comprising a second predefined value, which is different from the ToD value.
  • Example 101 includes the subject matter of Example 98, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the responder STA to measure an angle value during the ranging measurement, and to send the angle value to the cloud server.
  • Example 102 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-101, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 103 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-102, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 104 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a responder wireless communication station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for receiving from an initiator STA a ranging measurement request to request to perform a ranging measurement with the responder STA, the ranging measurement request comprising a field configured to indicate that one or more responder-measured values of the ranging measurement are to be sent from the responder STA to a cloud server; means for measuring the one or more responder-measured values during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA; means for transmitting a ranging frame of the ranging measurement to the initiator STA, the ranging frame comprising one or more measurement fields comprising a predefined value to indicate that the responder-measured values are to be sent from the cloud server to the initiator STA; and means for sending to the cloud server the one or more responder-measured values.
  • STA responder wireless communication station
  • Example 105 includes the subject matter of Example 104, and optionally, comprising means for measuring a Time of Arrival (ToA) value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, measuring a time of Departure (ToD) value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA, and sending the ToD value and the ToA value to the cloud server.
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 106 includes the subject matter of Example 105, and optionally, wherein the measurement fields of the ranging frame comprise a ToA field and a ToD field, the ToA field comprising a first predefined value, which is different from the ToA value, the ToD field comprising a second predefined value, which is different from the ToD value.
  • Example 107 includes the subject matter of Example 104, and optionally, comprising means for measuring an angle value during the ranging measurement, and sending the angle value to the cloud server.
  • Example 108 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 104-107, and optionally, wherein the ranging measurement request comprises identifier information to identify the cloud server.
  • Example 109 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 104-108, and optionally, wherein the field of the ranging measurement request comprises a fine timing measurement parameters field.
  • Example 110 includes a cloud server comprising at least one communication interface to communicate with a plurality of initiator wireless communication stations (STAs) and a plurality of responder STAs; and a processor to process a first message from a responder STA, the first message comprises one or more responder-measured values measured by the responder STA in a ranging measurement with an initiator STA, the processor configured to generate a second message comprising ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder- measured values, and to send the second message to the initiator STA via the communication interface.
  • STAs initiator wireless communication stations
  • Example 111 includes the subject matter of Example 110, and optionally, wherein the processor is configured to process a plurality of first messages from the plurality of responder STAs, the plurality of first messages comprising a plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs in a plurality of ranging measurements with the initiator STA, the processor configured to generate the second message comprising the ranging information, which is based on the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 112 includes the subject matter of Example 111, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 113 includes the subject matter of Example 111, and optionally, wherein the processor is configured to process a third message from the initiator station, the third message comprising a plurality of initiator-measured values measured by the initiator STA in the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, the processor configured to determine a location of the initiator station based on the plurality of initiator-measured values and the plurality of responder-measured values, the second message comprising the location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 114 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-113, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a Time of Arrival (ToA) value and a time of Departure (ToD) value measured by the responder STA during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the ToA value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, and the ToD value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA.
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 115 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-113, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises an angle value corresponding to an angle measured at the responder STA.
  • Example 116 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-115, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 117 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-116, and optionally, wherein the first message comprises identifier information to identity the initiator station.
  • Example 118 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-117, and optionally, comprising a database to store information of the plurality of initiator STAs and information of the plurality of initiator STAs.
  • Example 119 includes a method to be performed at a cloud server, the method comprising communicating with a plurality of initiator wireless communication stations (STAs) and a plurality of responder STAs via at least one communication interface; processing a first message from a responder STA, the first message comprises one or more responder-measured values measured by the responder STA in a ranging measurement with an initiator STA; generating a second message comprising ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder- measured values; and sending the second message to the initiator STA via the communication interface.
  • STAs initiator wireless communication stations
  • Example 120 includes the subject matter of Example 119, and optionally, comprising processing a plurality of first messages from the plurality of responder STAs, the plurality of first messages comprising a plurality of responder- measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs in a plurality of ranging measurements with the initiator STA, the method comprising generating the second message comprising the ranging information, which is based on the plurality of responder- measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 121 includes the subject matter of Example 120, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 122 includes the subject matter of Example 120, and optionally, comprising processing a third message from the initiator station, the third message comprising a plurality of initiator-measured values measured by the initiator STA in the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, the method comprising determining a location of the initiator station based on the plurality of initiator-measured values and the plurality of responder- measured values, the second message comprising the location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 123 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 119-122, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a Time of Arrival (ToA) value and a time of Departure (ToD) value measured by the responder STA during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the ToA value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, and the ToD value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA.
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 124 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 119-122, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises an angle value corresponding to an angle measured at the responder STA.
  • Example 125 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 119-124, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 126 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 119-125, and optionally, wherein the first message comprises identifier information to identity the initiator station.
  • Example 127 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 119-126, and optionally, comprising storing information of the plurality of initiator STAs and information of the plurality of initiator STAs in a database.
  • Example 128 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a cloud server to communicate with a plurality of initiator wireless communication stations (STAs) and a plurality of responder STAs via at least one communication interface; process a first message from a responder STA, the first message comprises one or more responder-measured values measured by the responder STA in a ranging measurement with an initiator STA; generate a second message comprising ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder- measured values; and send the second message to the initiator STA via the communication interface.
  • STAs initiator wireless communication stations
  • Example 129 includes the subject matter of Example 128, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the cloud server to process a plurality of first messages from the plurality of responder STAs, the plurality of first messages comprising a plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs in a plurality of ranging measurements with the initiator STA, the instructions, when executed, cause the cloud server to generate the second message comprising the ranging information, which is based on the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 130 includes the subject matter of Example 129, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 131 includes the subject matter of Example 129, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the cloud server to process a third message from the initiator station, the third message comprising a plurality of initiator-measured values measured by the initiator STA in the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, the instructions, when executed, cause the cloud server to determine a location of the initiator station based on the plurality of initiator-measured values and the plurality of responder-measured values, the second message comprising the location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 132 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-131, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a Time of Arrival (ToA) value and a time of Departure (ToD) value measured by the responder STA during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the ToA value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, and the ToD value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA.
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 133 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-131, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises an angle value corresponding to an angle measured at the responder STA.
  • Example 134 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-133, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 135 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-134, and optionally, wherein the first message comprises identifier information to identity the initiator station.
  • Example 136 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-135, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the cloud server to store information of the plurality of initiator STAs and information of the plurality of initiator STAs in a database.
  • Example 137 includes an apparatus of a cloud server, the apparatus comprising means for communicating with a plurality of initiator wireless communication stations (STAs) and a plurality of responder STAs via at least one communication interface; means for processing a first message from a responder STA, the first message comprises one or more responder- measured values measured by the responder STA in a ranging measurement with an initiator STA; means for generating a second message comprising ranging information, which is based on the one or more responder-measured values; and means for sending the second message to the initiator STA via the communication interface.
  • STAs initiator wireless communication stations
  • Example 138 includes the subject matter of Example 137, and optionally, comprising means for processing a plurality of first messages from the plurality of responder STAs, the plurality of first messages comprising a plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs in a plurality of ranging measurements with the initiator STA, and means for generating the second message comprising the ranging information, which is based on the plurality of responder- measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 139 includes the subject matter of Example 138, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises the plurality of responder-measured values measured by the plurality of responder STAs.
  • Example 140 includes the subject matter of Example 138, and optionally, comprising means for processing a third message from the initiator station, the third message comprising a plurality of initiator-measured values measured by the initiator STA in the plurality of ranging measurements with the plurality of responder STAs, and means for determining a location of the initiator station based on the plurality of initiator-measured values and the plurality of responder- measured values, the second message comprising the location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 141 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 137-140, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a Time of Arrival (ToA) value and a time of Departure (ToD) value measured by the responder STA during the ranging measurement with the initiator STA, the ToA value corresponding to a ToA of a first ranging frame from the initiator STA to the responder STA, and the ToD value corresponding to a ToD of a second ranging frame from the responder STA to the initiator STA.
  • ToA Time of Arrival
  • ToD time of Departure
  • Example 142 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 137-140, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises an angle value corresponding to an angle measured at the responder STA.
  • Example 143 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 137-142, and optionally, wherein the ranging information comprises a location of the initiator STA.
  • Example 144 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 137-143, and optionally, wherein the first message comprises identifier information to identity the initiator station.
  • Example 145 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 137-144, and optionally, comprising means for storing information of the plurality of initiator STAs and information of the plurality of initiator STAs in a database.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Selon certains modes de réalisation représentatifs, la présente invention concerne un appareil, un système et un procédé de mesure de distance. Par exemple, un appareil peut comprendre des circuits et une logique configurés pour amener une station de communication sans fil initiatrice (STA) à transmettre à une STA répondeuse une demande de mesure de distance pour demander d'effectuer une mesure de distance avec la STA répondeuse, la demande de mesure de distance comprenant un champ configuré pour indiquer qu'une ou plusieurs valeurs mesurées de la mesure de distance doivent être envoyées de la STA répondeuse à un serveur cloud; pour effectuer la mesure de distance avec la STA répondeuse; et pour recevoir, à partir du serveur cloud, des informations de mesure de distance, qui sont basées sur la ou les valeurs mesurées.
PCT/US2018/025065 2018-03-29 2018-03-29 Appareil, système et procédé de mesure de distance Ceased WO2019190519A1 (fr)

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