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WO2019176264A1 - Procédé permettant de supprimer une adhérence de nucléides radioactifs à un élément en acier au carbone d'une centrale nucléaire - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de supprimer une adhérence de nucléides radioactifs à un élément en acier au carbone d'une centrale nucléaire Download PDF

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WO2019176264A1
WO2019176264A1 PCT/JP2019/001015 JP2019001015W WO2019176264A1 WO 2019176264 A1 WO2019176264 A1 WO 2019176264A1 JP 2019001015 W JP2019001015 W JP 2019001015W WO 2019176264 A1 WO2019176264 A1 WO 2019176264A1
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nickel
pipe
film
aqueous solution
nickel metal
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Japanese (ja)
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伊藤　剛
秀幸 細川
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Hitachi GE Nuclear Energy Ltd
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Hitachi GE Nuclear Energy Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for suppressing radionuclide adhesion to carbon steel members of a nuclear power plant, and more particularly, to a method for suppressing radionuclide adhesion to carbon steel members of a nuclear power plant suitable for application to a boiling water nuclear power plant.
  • a boiling water nuclear power plant (hereinafter referred to as a BWR plant) has a nuclear reactor in which a core is disposed in a reactor pressure vessel (hereinafter referred to as an RPV).
  • the reactor water supplied to the core by the recirculation pump (or internal pump) is heated by the heat generated by the fission of nuclear fuel material in the fuel assembly loaded in the core, and a part thereof becomes steam.
  • This steam is led from the RPV to the turbine and rotates the turbine.
  • Steam discharged from the turbine is condensed into water by the condenser.
  • This water is supplied to the reactor as feed water through a feed water pipe.
  • metal impurities are mainly removed by a filtration demineralizer provided in the feed water pipe.
  • Reactor water is cooling water present in the RPV.
  • the corrosion product that is the source of the radioactive corrosion product is generated on the surface of the BWR plant components such as RPV and recirculation piping that come into contact with the reactor water.
  • Stainless steel, nickel-base alloy, etc. with little corrosion are used.
  • the RPV made of low alloy steel has a stainless steel overlay on the inner surface, preventing the low alloy steel from coming into direct contact with the reactor water.
  • a part of the reactor water is purified by a filter demineralizer of the reactor purification system, and metal impurities that are slightly present in the reactor water are positively removed.
  • the primary primary components are made of stainless steel and nickel bases with low corrosion.
  • Stainless steel such as alloy is used.
  • the low alloy steel RPV has a stainless steel overlay on the inner surface, preventing the low alloy steel from coming into direct contact with the reactor water (cooling water present in the RPV).
  • Reactor water is cooling water present in the nuclear reactor.
  • a part of the reactor water is purified by a filter demineralizer of the reactor purification system, and metal impurities that are slightly present in the reactor water are positively removed.
  • metal impurities adhering to the fuel rod surface cause a nuclear reaction by irradiation of neutrons generated by fission of nuclear fuel material in the fuel rod, and radioactive materials such as cobalt 60, cobalt 58, chromium 51, manganese 54, etc. Become a nuclide.
  • radionuclides Most of these radionuclides remain attached to the fuel rod surface in the form of oxides, but some radionuclides elute as ions in the reactor water depending on the solubility of the incorporated oxides. Or re-released into the reactor water as an insoluble solid called clad.
  • the radioactive material contained in the reactor water is removed by the reactor purification system. However, the radioactive material that has not been removed accumulates on the surface of the constituent members of the BWR plant that come into contact with the reactor water while circulating in the recirculation system together with the reactor water. As a result, radiation is radiated from the surface of the component member, which causes radiation exposure of workers during regular inspection work.
  • the exposure dose of the employee is managed so that it does not exceed the prescribed value for each person. In recent years, this regulation value has been lowered, and it has become necessary to make the exposure dose of each person as low as economically possible.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-220293 discloses that metal ions such as zinc and nickel are injected into reactor water, and zinc and It describes the deposition of nickel.
  • a method for suppressing the attachment of radionuclides to a surface of a constituent member after operation of the plant by forming a magnetite film that is a kind of ferrite film on the surface of the constituent member of a nuclear power plant after chemical decontamination This is proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-38483. Furthermore, in JP-A-2006-38483, after a magnetite film is formed on the surface of a constituent member, the nuclear power plant is started, and the reactor water into which the noble metal has been injected is brought into contact with the magnetite film to deposit the noble metal on the magnetite film. It is described that it adheres.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-182604 discloses a film forming liquid in the range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. containing iron (II) ions, nickel ions, an oxidizing agent and a pH adjusting agent (for example, hydrazine) while the nuclear power plant is shut down. After chemical decontamination, the material is brought into contact with the surface of a carbon steel component of a nuclear power plant, and a nickel ferrite film is formed on this surface. The formation of the nickel ferrite film suppresses corrosion of the carbon steel constituent member and suppresses the attachment of the radionuclide to the constituent member.
  • JP 2012-247322 A discloses a film-forming solution in the range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. containing iron (II) ions, an oxidizing agent, and a pH adjusting agent (hydrazine) while the nuclear power plant is shut down. It is described that the plant is brought into contact with the surface of a chemically decontaminated component made of stainless steel, and a magnetite film is formed on this surface.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-247322 also describes that, while the operation is stopped, an aqueous solution containing a noble metal (for example, platinum) is brought into contact with the formed magnetite film to deposit the noble metal on the magnetite film.
  • a noble metal for example, platinum
  • a nickel metal film is formed on the surface of the carbon steel member, includes nickel ions, iron (II) ions, an oxidizing agent and a pH adjusting agent, has a pH in the range of 5.5 to 9.0, and a temperature of 60
  • a method has been proposed in which a nickel ferrite film is formed on the surface of the nickel metal film by using a film forming solution in the range of °C to 100 ° C., and then the nickel metal film is converted to a nickel ferrite film by high-temperature water. (For example, JP 2011-32551A).
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-44190 describes a method for attaching a noble metal to a component of a nuclear power plant.
  • a noble metal for example, platinum
  • a precious metal is attached to the surface of the component member in the purification step after the reductive decontaminant decomposition step.
  • the adhesion of the radionuclide to the surface is suppressed by the adhesion of the noble metal to the surface of the constituent member.
  • radionuclide adhesion suppression method carried out during the shutdown of the nuclear power plant takes into account the time required for the implementation of the radionuclide adhesion suppression method in balance with maintenance and inspection of the nuclear plant carried out during the shutdown. Further shortening is desired.
  • the inventors examined a method for suppressing radionuclide adhesion to carbon steel members of a nuclear power plant that can reduce the steps necessary to implement the method for suppressing radionuclide adhesion.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing radionuclide adhesion to carbon steel members of a nuclear power plant that can reduce the number of steps.
  • a feature of the present invention that achieves the above-described object is that a nickel metal film is formed on a surface of a carbon steel member of a nuclear power plant that is in contact with water, the surface is covered with the nickel metal film, and noble metal particles containing nickel metal are coated with the nickel metal film.
  • the nickel metal film is adhered to the surface of the nickel metal film, and the nickel metal film to which the noble metal particles are adhered is brought into contact with water containing oxygen and having a temperature in the temperature range of 130 ° C. to 330 ° C. to form the nickel metal film and the noble metal.
  • the particles are deposited after the nuclear plant is shut down and before the nuclear plant is started.
  • the present invention it is possible to reduce the number of steps of the radionuclide adhesion suppressing method for the carbon steel member of the nuclear power plant.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the nickel metal film formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe is converted into a stable nickel ferrite film in the method for suppressing radionuclide adhesion to the carbon steel member of the nuclear power plant shown in FIG. 1. It is explanatory drawing which showed the adhesion result of 60 Co to the various carbon steel test pieces immersed in the simulated reactor water containing 60 Co. It is an electron micrograph of the state with which the platinum particle containing nickel metal was adhered to the surface of the nickel metal which covers a carbon steel test piece. It is explanatory drawing which shows the element structural ratio of the platinum particle containing the nickel metal shown by FIG.
  • JP 2011-32551 a nickel metal film is formed on the surface of a carbon steel member of the BWR plant while the BWR plant is stopped, and a nickel ferrite film is formed on the surface of the nickel metal film.
  • water having a temperature of 150 ° C. or more containing oxygen is brought into contact with the surface of the nickel ferrite film to convert the nickel metal film into a nickel ferrite film.
  • the inventors finally attached a noble metal to the surface of the nickel metal film formed on the surface of the carbon steel member, and contained oxygen and 130 ° C.
  • the ferrite film forming technique includes iron (II) ions, an oxidizing agent, and a pH adjusting agent (for example, hydrazine).
  • a film forming solution in a low temperature range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. is brought into contact with the surface of a component of a nuclear power plant to form a magnetite film on the surface of the component.
  • the effect of the noble metal on the surface of the magnetite film in contact with the reactor water was investigated, and the effect of the noble metal was investigated.
  • Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 is a form in which x is 0.3 in Ni 1-x Fe 2 + x O 4 .
  • Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film which is an unstable film
  • Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 is caused to react with the furnace during the operation of the nuclear power plant by the action of the platinum. Elute in water.
  • the unstable Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film is formed in the low temperature range described above, many small particles of Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 are adhered to the surface of the carbon steel member. ing. For this reason as well, a Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film with platinum adhering to the upper surface is eluted.
  • the nickel ferrite film covering the nickel metal film formed on the surface of the carbon steel member of the BWR plant is contacted with water containing 150 ° C. or more containing oxygen,
  • the nickel ferrite film converted from the nickel metal film becomes an unstable nickel ferrite film, for example, a Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film.
  • JP 2011-32551A a film-forming aqueous solution (film-forming liquid) containing nickel ions, iron (II) ions and an oxidizing agent and having a pH in the range of 5.5 to 9.0 is used.
  • a nickel ferrite film is formed on the nickel metal film in contact with the nickel metal film.
  • the nickel ferrite contained in the nickel ferrite film is a nickel ferrite having a large amount of Fe, that is, a nickel ferrite having less Ni and more Fe than Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 .
  • a nickel ferrite film formed on a nickel metal film and containing nickel ferrite having a high iron content is brought into contact with 150 ° C. water containing oxygen to thereby bring the nickel ferrite film into the nickel ferrite film.
  • Iron ions from nickel ferrite with high iron content, oxygen contained in water at 150 ° C., and iron contained in the carbon steel member migrate to the nickel metal film and react with nickel in the nickel metal film, Unstable nickel ferrite (eg, Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 ) is produced.
  • Unstable nickel ferrite eg, Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4
  • the nickel metal film formed on the surface of the carbon steel member is converted into an unstable nickel ferrite film (for example, Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film).
  • the conversion of the nickel metal film into an unstable nickel ferrite film is because when the nickel metal film is converted into a nickel ferrite film, the amount of iron supplied to the nickel metal film increases and the amount of nickel is insufficient.
  • the nickel ferrite film that originally covered the nickel metal film reacts with the nickel metal transferred from the nickel metal film after the high temperature water contact, and becomes a Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film.
  • the Ni content of the nickel ferrite of the original nickel ferrite film is lower than that of Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 , and the original nickel ferrite film is a nickel ferrite film that is unstable in a reducing environment.
  • the nickel ferrite film is eluted into the reactor water by the action of the noble metal (for example, platinum).
  • the noble metal for example, platinum
  • the inventors examined measures for preventing the elution of Fe 2+ from the carbon steel member when the noble metal is adhered to the surface of the carbon steel member.
  • the inventors have found that the elution of Fe 2+ from the carbon steel member can be prevented by covering the surface of the carbon steel member with a nickel metal film.
  • the nickel metal that covers the surface of the carbon steel member is a substance that contributes to the formation of a stable nickel ferrite film that suppresses corrosion of the carbon steel member, as will be described later.
  • the nickel metal film surface of the carbon steel member By forming a nickel metal film on the surface of the carbon steel member and covering the surface of the carbon steel member with this nickel metal film, the elution of Fe 2+ from the carbon steel member can be prevented, and the nickel metal film surface of the noble metal Adhesion to can be performed in a short time. In addition, the amount of precious metal attached to the carbon steel member has also increased.
  • the formation of a nickel metal film on the surface of a carbon steel member is an aqueous solution (film formation) containing nickel ions and having a pH in the range of 3.5 to 6.0 and a temperature in the range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C.
  • aqueous solution film formation
  • nickel ions contained in the film-forming aqueous solution is replaced with Fe contained in the carbon steel member, substituted nickel ions, electrons of action that occurred with the elution of Fe 2+ from carbon steel member to the film-forming aqueous solution
  • nickel metal is formed, and a nickel metal film is formed on the surface of the carbon steel member.
  • the nickel ions contained in the aqueous solution can adhere to the surface of the carbon steel member even when Fe 2+ is eluted from the carbon steel member.
  • the nickel metal film and the oxalic acid are included, the pH is in the range of 3.5 to 6.0, and the temperature is 60 ° C.
  • An aqueous solution (film-forming aqueous solution) having a temperature in the temperature range of 100 ° C. or lower is used.
  • the pH is 3 including nickel ions and no oxalic acid.
  • An aqueous solution (film-forming aqueous solution) having a temperature in the range of 0.5 to 6.0 and in the temperature range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. is used.
  • the film-forming aqueous solution having a pH greater than 6.0 comes into contact with the surface of the carbon steel member, the amount of iron (II) ions eluted from the carbon steel member is reduced and the number of electrons generated is reduced.
  • the number of electrons is small, reduction of nickel ions to nickel metal is suppressed, and nickel metal is not generated on the surface of the carbon steel member.
  • the pH of the film-forming aqueous solution needs to be 6.0 or less.
  • the pH of the film-forming aqueous solution is less than 3.5, the amount of nickel metal adhering to the surface of the carbon steel member is very small. Therefore, a nickel metal film can be formed on the surface of the aqueous solution for forming a film to be brought into contact with the surface of the carbon steel member by setting the pH within the range of 3.5 or more and 6.0 or less.
  • a nickel metal film on the surface of the carbon steel member by forming a nickel metal film on the surface of the carbon steel member, elution of Fe 2+ from the carbon steel member can be prevented, and more noble metal is attached to the carbon steel member in a short time. be able to.
  • adhesion of the noble metal to the surface of the nickel metal film formed on the surface of the carbon steel member is possible by bringing an aqueous solution containing noble metal ions (for example, platinum ions) and a reducing agent into contact with the formed nickel metal film. It is.
  • noble metal ions for example, platinum ions
  • the nickel ion aqueous solution is brought into contact with the surface of the carbon steel member, and the nickel ions taken into the carbon steel member are reduced by the action of reducing electrons generated as a result of elution of Fe 2+ from the carbon steel member into the aqueous solution.
  • It can also be nickel metal. In this case, it is not necessary to inject the reducing agent into the nickel ion aqueous solution, and the reducing agent injection step becomes unnecessary.
  • any of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium and iridium may be used as the noble metal to be deposited on the nickel metal film formed on the surface of the carbon steel member.
  • any of hydrazine derivatives such as hydrazine, formhydrazine, hydrazinecarboxamide and carbohydrazide, and hydroxylamine may be used.
  • the inventors have not formed an unstable Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film on the surface of a carbon steel member in a low temperature range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C., but stable nickel ferrite that does not elute even by an attached noble metal.
  • the formation of the coating on the surface of the carbon steel member aimed to realize long-term suppression of the attachment of radionuclides to the carbon steel member of the nuclear power plant. Therefore, the inventors have variously used a nickel metal film formed on the surface of a carbon steel member to effectively form a stable nickel ferrite film in order to effectively attach a noble metal to the carbon steel member.
  • the nickel metal film covers the surface of the carbon steel member, and is stable and does not elute even by the action of the attached noble metal (Ni 1-x Fe 2+ x could be converted into a nickel ferrite film (NiFe 2 O 4 film)) is 0 in x O 4.
  • a nickel metal film formed on the surface of a carbon steel member and attached with a noble metal is in contact with water containing oxygen at a temperature in the range of 130 ° C. or higher (preferably 130 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower).
  • a noble metal for example, platinum
  • water containing oxygen at a temperature in the range of 130 ° C. or higher (preferably 130 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower).
  • the ease of incorporation of nickel and iron into the ferrite structure is affected by the noble metal, and in the presence of the noble metal, nickel is more easily incorporated than iron. Therefore, Ni 1-x Fe 2+ A stable nickel ferrite in which x is 0 in x O 4 is produced. This stable nickel ferrite film covers the surface of the carbon steel member.
  • Nickel ferrite with x of 0 in Ni 1-x Fe 2 + x O 4 produced as described above has a large crystal growth, and even if noble metal adheres, Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film Thus, it is stable and does not dissolve in water, and acts to suppress adhesion of radionuclides to the carbon steel of the base material.
  • Ni 1-x Fe 2 + x O 4 the stable nickel ferrite in which x is 0, the corrosion potential of the carbon steel member and the nickel metal film is lowered by the action of noble metals such as platinum attached to the nickel metal film. To be generated.
  • noble metals such as platinum attached to the nickel metal film.
  • the stable nickel ferrite film formed in the presence of platinum from nickel metal covering the surface of the carbon steel member has a low temperature range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. It is possible to suppress the attachment of the radionuclide to the carbon steel member over a longer period than the Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film produced by the above.
  • the temperature of the water containing oxygen brought into contact with the nickel metal film is less than 130 ° C.
  • the nickel metal film is not converted into a stable nickel ferrite film (NiFe 2 O 4 film).
  • the temperature of the water containing oxygen in contact with the nickel metal film is within a temperature range of 130 ° C. or higher (130 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower). The temperature needs to be
  • the inventors have formed nickel formed on the surface of a carbon steel member in the case where water having a temperature within a temperature range of 130 ° C. to 330 ° C. containing oxygen is brought into contact with a nickel metal film having a noble metal attached to the surface. It has been found that a metal film can be converted into a stable nickel ferrite film (NiFe 2 O 4 film).
  • a nickel metal film By forming a nickel metal film on the surface of the carbon steel member, attaching a noble metal to the surface of the nickel metal film, and contacting the surface of the nickel metal film to which the noble metal is adhered with water at 200 ° C. or more containing oxygen.
  • the nickel metal film covers the surface of the carbon steel member and does not elute even by the action of a noble metal (a nickel ferrite film in which x is 0 in Ni 1-x Fe 2 + x O 4 , ie,
  • a noble metal a nickel ferrite film in which x is 0 in Ni 1-x Fe 2 + x O 4 , ie.
  • the method for suppressing the attachment of radionuclide to the carbon steel member of the nuclear power plant of the prior application “injection of nickel ion solution”, “injection of reducing agent”, “Determining whether or not nickel metal film formation is complete” (stop injection of nickel ion solution and reducing agent), “Decomposition of reducing agent”, “First purification”, “Injecting platinum ion solution”, “Injecting reducing agent”, “Decision of completion of platinum adhesion” (stop of injection of platinum ion solution), “second purification”, “waste liquid treatment”, “removal from the piping system of the film forming apparatus”, “start-up of nuclear power plant” and “high temperature
  • the 13 main steps of “contacting the reactor water with the nickel metal film to which platinum is adhered” are carried out.
  • the inventors will reduce the number of 13 main processes shown in FIG. 12 of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-182928, and realize a method for suppressing radionuclide adhesion to carbon steel members of a nuclear power plant with a simple process. Various studies were conducted.
  • the inventors have adhered the noble metal particles containing nickel metal as the above-mentioned noble metal to the surface of the nickel metal film covering the surface of the carbon steel member, thereby suppressing radionuclide adhesion with a reduced number of steps. We found that the method can be realized.
  • the present inventors have decided that during the chemical decontamination of the nuclear power plant at the time of shutdown before the start-up, specifically, the reducing decontamination agent (eg, Shu After decomposing a part of the acid), as described above, the realization of a technique for attaching noble metal particles containing nickel metal to the surface of the nickel metal film covering the surface of the carbon steel member was examined.
  • the reducing decontamination agent eg, Shu After decomposing a part of the acid
  • the reducing decontamination liquid specifically, oxalic acid
  • a carbon steel member is an aqueous solution containing oxalic acid, platinum ions and hydrazine formed by injecting an aqueous solution of a noble metal ion (for example, platinum ion aqueous solution) and a reducing agent aqueous solution (for example, hydrazine aqueous solution) into the aqueous solution. It has already been confirmed that platinum can be attached to the inner surface of the purification system pipe (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-4419).
  • the inventors have studied a method for forming noble metal particles containing nickel metal, for example, platinum particles containing nickel metal, in consideration of the above platinum adhesion technique. The result of this examination will be described below.
  • Ni 2+ + 2e 2- ⁇ Ni > (2) Therefore, the inventors have experimented with a nickel metal covering the surface of a test piece made of carbon steel simulating a carbon steel member that is a component of a nuclear power plant with an aqueous solution containing nickel ions, platinum ions and a reducing agent. An attempt was made to form platinum particles containing nickel metal on the surface of the nickel metal film in contact with the film.
  • an aqueous solution containing nickel ions, platinum ions and a reducing agent which is produced by injecting nickel ions, platinum ions and a reducing agent into water.
  • the platinum particles containing nickel metal could be formed on this surface.
  • the concentration of nickel ions in the aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 50 ppm to 600 ppm
  • the concentration of platinum ions is preferably in the range of 0.5 ppm to 5 ppm
  • the concentration of hydrazine (reducing agent) is preferably in the range of 10 ppm to 100 ppm. .
  • the inventors observed the surface of the nickel metal film covering the test piece made of carbon steel with the nickel particles containing nickel metal adhering to the surface with an electron microscope. A micrograph of the surface observed is shown in FIG. It can be clearly seen that a large number of platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal are attached to the surface of the nickel metal film.
  • the diameter of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal is in the range of 2 nm to 100 nm. Adjusting the diameter of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal attached to the surface of the nickel metal film by changing the platinum concentration in the aqueous solution containing nickel ions, platinum ions and a reducing agent in contact with the surface of the nickel metal film. Can do.
  • the inventors conducted a composition analysis of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal attached to the surface of the nickel metal film.
  • the composition analysis results are shown in FIG.
  • the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal contain substantially the same amount of nickel and platinum.
  • the inventors made a test piece A made of carbon steel, a test piece B made of carbon steel with platinum attached to the surface, and a test piece C made of carbon steel with platinum particles containing nickel metal attached to the surface. Then, it was immersed in simulated reactor water containing 60 Co, which simulated the reactor water conditions during operation of the BWR plant, and the amount of 60 Co adhered to each test piece was determined.
  • FIG. 11 shows the result of adhesion of 60 Co to these test pieces.
  • the amount of 60 Co attached to the test piece B was reduced to 1/3 of the amount attached to the test piece A. Further, the amount of 60 Co attached to the test piece C was 1/10 of the amount attached to the test piece A. As a result, it was found that the effect of suppressing the adhesion of 60 Co by the platinum particles containing nickel metal was the largest.
  • the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal have three forms as shown in FIG. In the first embodiment, the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal cover the entire surface of the platinum particles 85 with a film of nickel metal 86 (see FIG. 7A). In the second embodiment, the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal have a plurality of fine particles of nickel metal 86 attached to the surface of the platinum particles 85 (see FIG. 7B). In the third embodiment, the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal have platinum particles 85 and nickel metal 86 particles attached to each other (see FIG. 7C). Noble metal particles containing nickel metal other than platinum particles containing nickel metal also have the same three forms.
  • the nickel metal film covering the surface of the carbon steel member and to which the noble metal particles containing nickel metal are attached contains oxygen at a temperature in the temperature range of 130 ° C. or higher (preferably 130 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower).
  • the nickel metal can be converted into the above-described stable nickel ferrite film (NiFe 2 O 4 film).
  • the water at that temperature that contacts the nickel metal film also contacts the nickel metal of the noble metal particles containing nickel metal deposited on the nickel metal film. Similar to the nickel metal film covering the surface of the carbon steel member, this nickel metal is also formed by the migration of the oxygen contained in the water and the iron contained in the carbon steel member into the nickel metal of noble metal particles containing nickel metal.
  • NiFe 2 O 4 It becomes stable nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ).
  • This stable nickel ferrite is taken into the stable nickel ferrite film converted from the nickel metal film, and the nickel metal of the noble metal particles containing nickel metal eventually disappears.
  • the noble metal particles of the noble metal particles containing nickel metal remain in a state of being attached to the surface of the stable nickel ferrite film covering the surface of the carbon steel member.
  • the formation of the nickel metal film on the surface of the carbon steel member with the noble metal particles containing nickel metal deposited on the surface is partly reduced in the reducing decontamination process in the reducing decontamination process. It is carried out either at the stage where the reducing decontamination agent still remains or after the entire process of chemical decontamination is completed.
  • a method for suppressing the attachment of radionuclide to a carbon steel member of a nuclear power plant of Example 1, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • the method for suppressing the attachment of radionuclide to a carbon steel member of a nuclear power plant according to the present embodiment is applied to a purification pipe (carbon steel member) made of carbon steel of a boiling water nuclear power plant (BWR plant).
  • the BWR plant 1 includes a nuclear reactor 2, a turbine 9, a condenser 10, a recirculation system, a nuclear reactor purification system, a water supply system, and the like.
  • the reactor 2 is a steam generator, and has a reactor pressure vessel (hereinafter referred to as RPV) 3 in which a reactor core 4 is built, and an outer surface of a reactor core shroud (not shown) surrounding the reactor core 4 in the RPV 3 and the RPV 3
  • a jet pump 5 is installed in an annular downcomer formed between the inner surface and the inner surface.
  • a large number of fuel assemblies (not shown) are loaded on the core 4.
  • the fuel assembly includes a plurality of fuel rods filled with a plurality of fuel pellets made of nuclear fuel material.
  • the recirculation system has a stainless steel recirculation pipe 6 and a recirculation pump 7 installed in the recirculation pipe 6.
  • the water supply system includes a condensate pump 12, a condensate purification device (for example, a condensate demineralizer) 13, a low-pressure feed water heater 14, a feed water pump 15, and a high-pressure feed water to a feed water pipe 11 that connects the condenser 10 and the RPV 3.
  • the heater 16 is installed in this order from the condenser 10 toward the RPV 3.
  • a drain water recovery pipe 27 connected to the high-pressure feed water heater 16 and the low-pressure feed water heater 14 is connected to the condenser 10.
  • a purification system pipe 18, a regenerative heat exchanger 20, a non-regenerative heat exchanger 21, and a reactor water purification device 22 are connected in this order to a purification system pipe 18 that connects the recirculation system pipe 6 and the feed water pipe 11. It is installed.
  • the purification system pipe 18 is connected to the recirculation system pipe 6 upstream of the recirculation pump 7.
  • the nuclear reactor 2 is installed in a nuclear reactor containment vessel 26 arranged in a nuclear reactor building (not shown).
  • the cooling water in the RPV 3 (hereinafter referred to as “reactor water”) is increased in pressure by the recirculation pump 7 and jetted into the jet pump 5 through the recirculation system pipe 6.
  • the reactor water existing around the nozzle of the jet pump 5 in the downcomer is also sucked into the jet pump 5 and supplied to the reactor core 4.
  • the reactor water supplied to the core 4 is heated by the heat generated by the nuclear fission of the nuclear fuel material in the fuel rods, and a part thereof becomes steam.
  • This steam is guided from the RPV 3 through the main steam pipe 8 to the turbine 9 to rotate the turbine 9.
  • a generator (not shown) connected to the turbine 9 rotates to generate electric power.
  • the steam discharged from the turbine 9 is condensed by the condenser 10 to become water.
  • This water is supplied into the RPV 3 through the water supply pipe 11 as water supply.
  • the feed water flowing through the feed water pipe 11 is boosted by the condensate pump 12, impurities are removed by the condensate purification device 13, and further boosted by the feed water pump 15.
  • the feed water is heated by the low pressure feed water heater 14 and the high pressure feed water heater 16 and guided into the RPV 3.
  • the extraction steam extracted from the turbine 9 by the extraction pipe 17 is supplied to the low-pressure feed water heater 14 and the high-pressure feed water heater 16 respectively, and becomes a heating source of the feed water.
  • a part of the reactor water flowing in the recirculation system pipe 6 flows into the purification system pipe 18 by the drive of the purification system pump 19 and is cooled by the regenerative heat exchanger 20 and the non-regenerative heat exchanger 21. It is purified by the water purification device 22.
  • the purified reactor water is heated by the regenerative heat exchanger 20 and returned to the RPV 3 through the purification system pipe 18 and the water supply pipe 11.
  • a film forming apparatus 30 is used, and this film forming apparatus 30 is connected to the purification system pipe 18 of the BWR plant as shown in FIG. Is done.
  • the film forming apparatus 30 includes a circulation pipe 31, a surge tank 32, a heater 33, circulation pumps 34 and 35, a nickel ion implantation apparatus 36, a reducing agent injection apparatus 41, a platinum ion implantation apparatus 46, a cooler 52, and a cation exchange resin tower. 53, a mixed bed resin tower 54, a decomposition apparatus 55, an oxidant supply apparatus 56, and an ejector 61.
  • the on-off valve 62, the circulation pump 35, the valves 63, 66, 69 and 74, the surge tank 32, the circulation pump 34, the valve 77 and the on-off valve 78 are provided in the circulation pipe 31 in this order from the upstream.
  • a pipe 65 that bypasses the valve 63 is connected to the circulation pipe 31, and the valve 64 and the filter 51 are installed in the pipe 65.
  • a cooler 52 and a valve 67 are installed in a pipe 68 that bypasses the valve 66 and is connected to the circulation pipe 31 at both ends.
  • a cation exchange resin tower 53 and a valve 70 are installed in a pipe 71 having both ends connected to the circulation pipe 31 and bypassing the valve 69.
  • a mixed bed resin tower 54 and a valve 72 are installed in a pipe 73 that is connected to the pipe 71 at both ends and bypasses the cation exchange resin tower 53 and the valve 70.
  • the cation exchange resin tower 53 is filled with a cation exchange resin
  • the mixed bed resin tower 54 is filled with a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin.
  • a pipe 76 in which the valve 75 and the disassembling device 55 located downstream from the valve 75 are installed bypasses the valve 74 and is connected to the circulation pipe 31.
  • the decomposition device 55 is filled with, for example, an activated carbon catalyst in which ruthenium is impregnated on the surface of the activated carbon.
  • a surge tank 32 is installed in the circulation pipe 31 between the valve 74 and the circulation pump 34.
  • a heater 33 is disposed in the surge tank 32.
  • a pipe 80 provided with the valve 79 and the ejector 61 is connected to the circulation pipe 31 between the valve 77 and the circulation pump 34, and further connected to the surge tank 32.
  • the ejector 61 is provided with a hopper (not shown) for supplying oxalic acid (reductive decontamination agent) used for reducing and dissolving contaminants on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 into the surge tank 32.
  • the nickel ion implanter 36 includes a chemical tank 37, an injection pump 38 and an injection pipe 39.
  • the chemical tank 37 is connected to the circulation pipe 31 by an injection pipe 39 having an injection pump 38 and a valve 40.
  • a nickel formate aqueous solution (referred to as a nickel ion aqueous solution) prepared by dissolving nickel formate (Ni (HCOO) 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O) in a dilute formic acid aqueous solution is filled in the chemical tank 37.
  • a platinum ion implantation apparatus (noble metal ion implantation apparatus) 46 includes a chemical tank 47, an injection pump 48, and an injection pipe 49.
  • the chemical tank 47 is connected to the circulation pipe 31 by an injection pipe 49 having an injection pump 48 and a valve 50.
  • An aqueous solution containing platinum ions prepared by dissolving a platinum complex for example, sodium hexahydroxoplatinate hydrate (Na 2 [Pt (OH) 6 ] ⁇ nH 2 O)
  • water for example, sodium hexahydroxoplatinate Hydrate aqueous solution
  • platinum ion aqueous solution is filled in the chemical tank 47.
  • Platinum ion aqueous solution is a kind of aqueous solution containing noble metal ions.
  • the reducing agent injection device 41 includes a chemical tank 42, an injection pump 43, and an injection pipe 44.
  • the chemical tank 42 is connected to the circulation pipe 31 by an injection pipe 44 having an injection pump 43 and a valve 45.
  • An aqueous solution of hydrazine as a reducing agent (referred to as a hydrazine aqueous solution) is filled in the chemical tank 42.
  • Injection pipes 39, 49, and 44 are connected to the circulation pipe 31 between the valve 77 and the on-off valve 78 in that order from the valve 77 to the on-off valve 78.
  • the oxidant supply device 56 includes a chemical tank 57, a supply pump 58 and a supply pipe 59.
  • the chemical tank 57 is connected to a pipe 76 upstream of the valve 75 by a supply pipe 59 having a supply pump 58 and a valve 60.
  • the chemical liquid tank 57 is filled with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant.
  • an aqueous solution in which ozone is dissolved may be used.
  • a pH meter 81 is attached to the circulation pipe 31 between the connection point between the injection pipe 44 and the circulation pipe 31 and the on-off valve 78.
  • the BWR plant 1 is stopped after the operation in one operation cycle is completed. After the shutdown, a part of the fuel assembly loaded in the core 4 is taken out as a spent fuel assembly, and a new fuel assembly having a burnup of 0 GWd / t is loaded in the core 4. After such a fuel change is completed, the BWR plant 1 is restarted for operation in the next operation cycle. Maintenance inspection of the BWR plant 1 is performed using a period during which the BWR plant 1 is stopped for fuel replacement.
  • a piping system made of carbon steel for example, the purification system piping 18 connected to the RPV 12, which is one of the carbon steel members in the BWR plant 1, is used.
  • the method for suppressing the attachment of radionuclide to the carbon steel member of the nuclear power plant according to the present embodiment is performed.
  • a method for suppressing radionuclide adhesion to carbon steel members of a nuclear power plant according to the present embodiment will be described below based on the procedure shown in FIG.
  • the film forming apparatus 30 is used.
  • a film forming apparatus is connected to a piping system made of carbon steel for film formation (step S1).
  • the bonnet of the valve 23 installed in the purification system pipe 18 is opened upstream of the purification system pump 19 to close the recirculation system pipe 6 side.
  • One end of the circulation pipe 31 of the film forming apparatus 30 on the open / close valve 78 side is connected to the flange of the valve 23.
  • the bonnet of the valve 25 installed in the purification system pipe 18 is opened between the regenerative heat exchanger 20 and the non-regenerative heat exchanger 21 to seal the non-regenerative heat exchanger 21 side.
  • the other end of the circulation pipe 31 on the on-off valve 62 side is connected to the flange of the valve 25. Both ends of the circulation pipe 31 are connected to the purification system pipe 18 to form a closed loop including the purification system pipe 18 and the circulation pipe 31.
  • the film forming apparatus 30 is connected to the purification system pipe 18 of the reactor purification system.
  • the residual heat removal system that is a carbon steel member and communicates with the RPV 3.
  • the film forming apparatus 30 is connected to a carbon steel pipe of any one of the reactor isolation cooling system, the core spray system, and the water supply system, and the carbon steel pipe is connected to the carbon steel member of the nuclear power plant of this embodiment.
  • the radionuclide adhesion suppression method may be applied.
  • Reduction carbon decontamination is performed on the piping system made of carbon steel for film formation (step S2).
  • an oxide film containing a radionuclide is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 that contacts the reactor water flowing from the RPV 3.
  • chemical decontamination in particular, reductive decontamination using a reductive decontamination solution containing oxalic acid as a reductive decontamination agent is performed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18.
  • step S2 the reductive decontamination applied to the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is a known reductive decontamination described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-105295. This reductive decontamination will be described.
  • the on-off valve 62, the valves 63, 66, 69, 74 and 77, and the on-off valve 78 are opened, and the circulation pumps 34 and 35 are driven with the other valves closed.
  • the water heated to 90 ° C. by the heater 33 in the surge tank 32 in the purification system pipe 18 circulates in the closed loop formed by the circulation pipe 31 and the purification system pipe 18.
  • the valve 79 When the temperature of the water reaches 90 ° C., the valve 79 is opened to guide a part of the water flowing in the circulation pipe 31 into the pipe 80. A predetermined amount of oxalic acid supplied from the hopper and ejector 61 into the pipe 80 is guided into the surge tank 32 by the water flowing through the pipe 80. This oxalic acid is dissolved in water in the surge tank 32, and an oxalic acid aqueous solution (reduction decontamination solution) is generated in the surge tank 32.
  • the aqueous oxalic acid solution is discharged from the surge tank 32 to the circulation pipe 31 by driving the circulation pump 34.
  • the aqueous hydrazine solution in the chemical tank 42 of the reducing agent injection device 41 is injected into the oxalic acid aqueous solution in the circulation pipe 31 through the injection pipe 44 by opening the valve 45 and driving the injection pump 43.
  • the purification system is controlled by controlling the injection pump 43 (or the opening of the valve 45) and adjusting the injection amount of the hydrazine aqueous solution into the circulation pipe 31.
  • the pH of the oxalic acid aqueous solution supplied to the pipe 18 is adjusted to 2.5.
  • the oxalic acid concentration of the oxalic acid aqueous solution is 200 ppm.
  • hydrazine which is a reducing agent used when depositing nickel metal on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 and depositing noble metal, for example, platinum on the nickel metal film, is reduced by decontamination. In the process, it is used as a pH adjuster for adjusting the pH of the oxalic acid aqueous solution.
  • An oxalic acid aqueous solution having a pH of 2.5 and a temperature of 90 ° C. is supplied from the circulation pipe 31 to the purification system pipe 18, and the oxalic acid in the aqueous solution is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18. Dissolve.
  • the aqueous oxalic acid solution flows in the purification system pipe 18 while dissolving the oxide film, passes through the purification system pump 19, the regenerative heat exchanger 20, and the non-regenerative heat exchanger 21, and is returned to the circulation pipe 31.
  • the aqueous oxalic acid solution returned to the circulation pipe 31 is pressurized by the circulation pump 35 through the open / close valve 62, passes through the valves 63, 66, 68 and 73, and reaches the surge tank 32.
  • the oxalic acid aqueous solution circulates in the closed loop including the circulation pipe 31 and the purification system pipe 18, performs reductive decontamination of the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18, and dissolves the oxide film formed on the inner surface. .
  • the radionuclide concentration and Fe concentration of the oxalic acid aqueous solution increase.
  • a part of the oxalic acid aqueous solution returned to the circulation pipe 31 is led to the cation exchange resin tower 53 through the pipe 71 by opening the valve 70 and adjusting the opening degree of the valve 69.
  • Radionuclide and metal cations such as Fe contained in the oxalic acid aqueous solution are adsorbed and removed by the cation exchange resin in the cation exchange resin tower 53.
  • the oxalic acid aqueous solution discharged from the cation exchange resin tower 53 and the oxalic acid aqueous solution that has passed through the valve 69 are supplied again from the circulation pipe 31 to the purification system pipe 18 and used for reductive decontamination of the purification system pipe 18.
  • valve 60 is opened and the supply pump 58 is activated to supply the hydrogen peroxide in the chemical tank 57 to the aqueous oxalic acid solution flowing in the circulation pipe 31 through the supply pipe 59 and the pipe 76 with the valve 75 closed.
  • An aqueous oxalic acid solution containing hydrogen peroxide is introduced from the circulation pipe 31 into the purification system pipe 18.
  • Fe (II) contained in iron (II) oxalate formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is oxidized to Fe (III) by the action of the hydrogen peroxide, and the iron (II) oxalate is oxidized. It dissolves in an oxalic acid aqueous solution as an iron (III) acid complex.
  • iron (II) oxalate and hydrogen peroxide and oxalic acid contained in the oxalic acid aqueous solution generate an iron (III) oxalate complex, water, and hydrogen ions by the reaction shown in Formula (3).
  • Metal cations such as radionuclides contained in the oxalic acid aqueous solution are adsorbed and removed by the cation exchange resin in the cation exchange resin tower 53.
  • the disappearance of hydrogen peroxide in the oxalic acid aqueous solution can be confirmed by, for example, immersing a test paper that reacts with hydrogen peroxide in the oxalic acid aqueous solution sampled from the circulation pipe 31 and observing the color appearing on the test paper.
  • step S3 The decomposition process of reductive decontaminant is performed (step S3).
  • the process of step S3 which is this reduction decontamination agent decomposition process includes the decomposition process (step S3A) of the reduction decontamination agent and the pH adjuster and the decomposition process (step S3C) of the reduction decontamination agent, formic acid and the reduction agent. Yes.
  • the reductive decontamination agent and the pH adjuster are decomposed (step S3A).
  • the dose rate of the reductive decontamination part of the purification system pipe 18 is reduced to the set dose rate, or when the decontamination time of the purification system pipe 18 reaches a predetermined time, the reductive decontamination process is completed, Decomposition (reduction decontaminant decomposition step) of oxalic acid and hydrazine (pH adjuster) contained in the acid aqueous solution is started. Note that the reduction of the dose rate at the reduction decontamination site to the set dose rate is confirmed by the dose rate obtained based on the output signal of the radiation detector that detects the radiation from the reduction decontamination site of the purification system pipe 18. be able to.
  • Oxalic acid and hydrazine are decomposed as follows.
  • the oxalic acid aqueous solution containing hydrazine which has opened the valve 75 and partially reduced the opening degree of the valve 74 and passed through the valve 69 and the valve 70, is supplied to the decomposition device 55 through the valve 75 through the pipe 76.
  • the hydrogen peroxide in the chemical solution tank 57 is supplied to the decomposition device 55 through the supply pipe 59 and the pipe 76.
  • Oxalic acid and hydrazine contained in the oxalic acid aqueous solution are decomposed in the decomposition apparatus 55 by the action of the activated carbon catalyst and the supplied hydrogen peroxide.
  • the decomposition reaction of oxalic acid and hydrazine in the decomposition apparatus 55 is expressed by the formulas (4) and (5).
  • Decomposition of oxalic acid and hydrazine in the decomposition device 55 is performed while circulating an oxalic acid aqueous solution in a closed loop including the circulation pipe 31 and the purification system pipe 18.
  • Supply amount of hydrogen peroxide from the chemical tank 57 to the decomposition device 55 so that the supplied hydrogen peroxide is not completely consumed by the decomposition device 55 for the decomposition of oxalic acid and hydrazine and does not flow out of the decomposition device 55 Is adjusted by controlling the rotational speed of the supply pump 58.
  • the supply amount of hydrogen peroxide from the chemical solution tank 57 to the decomposition device 55 is set so that hydrogen peroxide flows out from the decomposition device 55 when the decomposition of oxalic acid and hydrazine contained in the oxalic acid aqueous solution has progressed to some extent. increase.
  • the valve 70 is closed in advance to prevent hydrogen peroxide from flowing into the cation exchange resin tower 53.
  • the iron (II) oxalate formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 in the reductive decontamination decomposition process becomes an iron (III) oxalate complex by the action of hydrogen peroxide in the oxalic acid aqueous solution. Dissolves in aqueous oxalic acid solution. Since decomposition of oxalic acid or the like in the oxalic acid aqueous solution has progressed, oxalic acid for converting Fe (II) contained in iron (II) oxalate to Fe (III) is insufficient, and Fe on the inner surface of the circulation pipe 31 is Fe. (OH) 3 tends to precipitate.
  • formic acid is injected into the oxalic acid aqueous solution.
  • Formic acid is injected, for example, by supplying formic acid from the hopper and ejector 61 to the oxalic acid aqueous solution flowing in the pipe 80 and guiding it to the surge tank 32.
  • the supplied formic acid is mixed with an oxalic acid aqueous solution.
  • the injection of the oxidizing agent for dissolving iron (II) oxalate into the aqueous oxalic acid solution and the injection of formic acid into the aqueous oxalic acid solution for suppressing the precipitation of iron hydroxide are the reduction decontaminating step. Is done after is started.
  • the oxalic acid aqueous solution containing formic acid contains hydrogen peroxide discharged from the decomposition device 55 in addition to oxalic acid and hydrazine having a reduced concentration. Hydrogen peroxide contained in the oxalic acid aqueous solution dissolves iron (II) oxalate deposited on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 and formic acid dissolves Fe (OH) 3 . Decomposition of oxalic acid and hydrazine contained in the oxalic acid aqueous solution is also continued in the decomposition apparatus 55.
  • the valve 64 is opened and the valve 63 is closed.
  • the formic acid aqueous solution flowing in the circulation pipe 31 is supplied to the filter 51, and fine solids remaining in the formic acid aqueous solution are removed by the filter 51.
  • a nickel formate aqueous solution is injected into the circulation pipe 31 in the step S4 described later, a ferrite mixed metal film is also formed on the surface of the solid material, and the injected nickel ions Consumed wastefully.
  • the supply of the formic acid aqueous solution to the filter 51 is to prevent such wasteful consumption of nickel ions.
  • the valve 63 is opened and the valve 64 is closed, and the supply of the formic acid aqueous solution to the filter 51 is stopped.
  • step S3A the decontamination of the reducing decontamination agent and the pH adjuster proceeds, and a part of the oxalic acid (reducing decontamination agent) contained in the oxalic acid aqueous solution is decomposed (step S3B).
  • the set pH reaches 4.0 (for example, the oxalic acid concentration of the oxalic acid aqueous solution is 50 ppm)
  • the injection of formic acid from the ejector 61 is stopped.
  • the chemical liquid tank 57 prevents the hydrogen peroxide supplied from the chemical liquid tank 57 from flowing out from the decomposition device 55 in a state where the valve 69 is fully opened and the valve 70 is fully closed.
  • the amount of hydrogen peroxide supplied to the decomposition device 55 is adjusted by controlling the rotational speed of the supply pump 58. It is confirmed by the pH meter 81 that the pH of the oxalic acid aqueous solution is 4.0. When the pH of the oxalic acid aqueous solution reached 4.0, hydrazine as a pH adjuster contained in the oxalic acid aqueous solution was completely decomposed, and the oxalic acid aqueous solution did not contain hydrazine.
  • the decomposition of oxalic acid and the steps S4 to S7 are performed in parallel.
  • Nickel ion aqueous solution is injected (step S4).
  • the valve 40 of the nickel ion implantation device 36 is opened to drive the injection pump 38, and the nickel formate aqueous solution in the chemical solution tank 37 is passed through the circulation pipe 31 through the injection pipe 39.
  • the nickel ion concentration of the injected nickel formate aqueous solution is, for example, 200 ppm.
  • the aqueous oxalic acid solution into which the aqueous nickel formate solution has been injected is a 90 ° C.
  • film-forming aqueous solution (film-forming liquid) containing nickel ions, formic acid and oxalic acid.
  • the temperature of the film-forming aqueous solution is preferably set to a temperature within a temperature range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. (60 ° C. or more and 100 ° C. or less).
  • a nickel oxalate aqueous solution may be used instead of the nickel formate aqueous solution.
  • a liquid surface of an oxalic acid aqueous solution (or a film-forming aqueous solution) is formed, and a space (not shown) exists above the liquid surface. Air exists in this space. Oxygen in the air in the space is supplied to the 90 ° C. oxalic acid aqueous solution (or film-forming aqueous solution) in the surge tank 32 through the liquid level. By supplying oxygen in the surge tank 32, the aqueous solution contains a trace amount of oxygen of about 2 ppm.
  • an inert gas for example, nitrogen gas
  • an inert gas for example, nitrogen gas
  • a 90 ° C. film-forming aqueous solution containing nickel ions, formic acid and oxalic acid and not containing oxygen supplied to the purification system pipe 18 is generated in the circulation pipe 31.
  • the pH of this aqueous solution for film formation is a value in the range of 3.5 to 6.0 (3.5 or more and 6.0 or less), for example 4.0.
  • an unstable nickel ferrite Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 ) free of mixed nickel metal film, which will be described later, is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18.
  • a 90 ° C. film-forming aqueous solution (film-forming liquid) containing nickel ions, formic acid and oxalic acid and not containing oxygen is supplied from the circulation pipe 31 to the purification system pipe 18 by driving the circulation pump 34.
  • this film-forming aqueous solution 83 comes into contact with the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18, a nickel metal film 82 is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 (see FIG. 5).
  • the nickel metal film 82 is formed as follows.
  • Nickel ions taken into the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 are reduced by electrons generated as a result of elution of iron (II) ions to become nickel metal, and further, oxygen is not contained in the film-forming aqueous solution.
  • a high-purity nickel metal film 82 is formed on the inner surface of the system pipe 18.
  • nickel ions are reduced by the electrons, so in this embodiment, a reducing agent that converts nickel ions into nickel metal is injected into the film-forming aqueous solution 83. It becomes unnecessary.
  • the substitution reaction between nickel ions and iron (II) ions is most active when the pH of the film-forming aqueous solution 83 in contact with the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is 4.0, and is taken into the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18.
  • the amount of nickel ions is the largest.
  • an inert gas for example, nitrogen gas
  • a 90 ° C. film-forming aqueous solution containing nickel ions, formic acid, oxalic acid and oxygen contacts the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18.
  • a nickel metal film in which unstable nickel ferrite (Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 ) is mixed is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18.
  • the unstable nickel ferrite mixed in the nickel metal film formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is also extremely small.
  • the reactor water containing oxygen having a temperature in the range of 130 ° C. or higher and 280 ° C. or lower is brought into contact with the nickel metal film formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 to When the nickel metal film formed on the inner surface is converted into stable nickel ferrite, a very small amount of unstable nickel ferrite mixed in the nickel metal film is also converted into stable nickel ferrite.
  • the film-forming aqueous solution 83 discharged from the purification system pipe 18 to the circulation pipe 31 is pressurized by the circulation pump 35 and supplied to the decomposition device 55.
  • the valves 70 and 72 are closed, the film-forming aqueous solution 83 returned to the circulation pipe 31 is not supplied to the cation exchange resin tower 53 and the mixed bed resin tower 54.
  • oxalic acid and formic acid contained in the returned film-forming aqueous solution 83 are decomposed by the action of the activated carbon catalyst and the supplied hydrogen peroxide.
  • the film-forming aqueous solution discharged from the decomposition device 55 is pressurized by the circulation pump 34, and the nickel formate aqueous solution from the nickel ion implantation device 36 is injected, so that the pH that contains nickel ions, formic acid, and oxalic acid and does not contain oxygen is 4. 0 is again supplied to the purification system pipe 18 as a film-forming aqueous solution 83 at 90 ° C.
  • the film-forming aqueous solution 83 in the closed loop including the circulation pipe 31 and the purification system pipe 18 the nickel metal film eventually comes into contact with the film-forming aqueous solution 83 between the valve 23 and the valve 25.
  • the entire inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is uniformly covered.
  • the nickel metal existing on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is, for example, in the range of 50 ⁇ g to 300 ⁇ g (50 ⁇ g / cm 2 to 300 ⁇ g / cm 2 ) per square centimeter.
  • the amount per square centimeter of the nickel metal film that covers the entire inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 between the two valves varies depending on the temperature of the film-forming aqueous solution in contact with the inner surface.
  • the temperature of the film-forming aqueous solution is 60 ° C.
  • the amount is 50 ⁇ g / cm 2
  • the amount of the nickel metal film formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is 250 ⁇ g / cm 2 .
  • the nickel metal existing on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 reaches 250 ⁇ g / cm 2 , or the elapsed time since the injection of the nickel formate aqueous solution in the chemical tank 37 into the circulation pipe 31 is first set.
  • time for example, 30 minutes
  • the nickel metal present on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 becomes 250 ⁇ g / cm 2 , and it is determined that the formation of the nickel metal film 82 on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is finished.
  • the first set time is obtained by measuring in advance the time until the nickel metal on the surface of the carbon steel test piece reaches 250 ⁇ g / cm 2 .
  • the film-forming aqueous solution is supplied from the circulation pipe 31 to the purification system pipe 18 until nickel metal adheres to the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 and the formation of the nickel metal film 82 on the inner surface is completed.
  • Oxalic acid and hydrazine (reducing agent) contained in are decomposed by the decomposition device 55.
  • a nickel formate aqueous solution is injected into the film-forming aqueous solution discharged from the decomposition device 55 from the nickel ion implantation device 36 at a constant injection amount. For this reason, the pH of the film-forming aqueous solution rises as much as oxalic acid is decomposed by the decomposition device 55.
  • formic acid is supplied from the hopper and ejector 61 to the oxalic acid aqueous solution flowing in the pipe 80 to supply the surge tank 32.
  • the pH of the film-forming aqueous solution may be adjusted by guiding to
  • a noble metal ion solution is injected (step S5).
  • the film forming aqueous solution 83 containing nickel ions, formic acid and oxalic acid and not containing oxygen is added to the 90 ° C. film forming aqueous solution 83 through the injection pipe 49 in the chemical solution tank 47.
  • a noble metal ion aqueous solution for example, a platinum ion aqueous solution (for example, an aqueous solution of sodium hexahydroxoplatinate (Na 2 [Pt (OH) 6 ] ⁇ nH 2 O)) is injected.
  • the concentration of platinum ions in this aqueous solution to be injected is, for example, 1 ppm. Platinum is in an ionic state in an aqueous solution of sodium hexahydroxoplatinate sodium hydrate. Even after the formation of the nickel metal film 82 on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is finished, the injection of the nickel formate aqueous solution from the chemical tank 37 into the film forming aqueous solution 83 is continued.
  • the amount of the aqueous solution of Na 2 [Pt (OH) 6 ] ⁇ nH 2 O is filled in the chemical tank 47.
  • Calculated Na 2 [Pt (OH) 6 ] ⁇ nH 2 the rotational speed of the infusion pump 48 is controlled in accordance with the injection rate of O in water to the circulation pipe 31 of the, Na 2 in the chemical liquid tank 47 [Pt (OH ) 6 ] ⁇ nH 2 O aqueous solution is injected into the circulation pipe 31.
  • step S6 Injecting reducing agent (step S6).
  • the valve 45 of the reducing agent injection device 41 is opened to drive the injection pump 43, and an aqueous solution of hydrazine as a reducing agent in the chemical tank 42 flows through the circulation pipe 31 through the injection pipe 44.
  • pours into the film formation aqueous solution of 90 degreeC which contains platinum ion and does not contain oxygen.
  • the hydrazine concentration of the injected hydrazine aqueous solution is, for example, 100 ppm.
  • the hydrazine aqueous solution is composed of an injection pipe 44 and a circulation pipe 31 in which an aqueous solution of 90 ° C. containing nickel ion, formic acid, oxalic acid and Na 2 [Pt (OH) 6 ] .nH 2 O and not containing oxygen is the injection point of the hydrazine aqueous solution. After reaching the connection point, the fluid is injected into the circulation pipe 31.
  • a 90 ° C. aqueous solution 87 (see FIG. 6) containing nickel ions, formic acid, oxalic acid, platinum ions and hydrazine and not containing oxygen is supplied from the circulation pipe 31 to the purification system pipe 18.
  • An aqueous solution containing nickel ions, formic acid, oxalic acid, platinum ions and hydrazine and not containing oxygen is simply referred to as an aqueous solution 87.
  • the pH of the aqueous solution 87 is in the range of 6.0 to 9.0 by injection of hydrazine (reducing agent) in the step S6.
  • the concentration of nickel ions in the aqueous solution 87 should be in the range of 50 ppm to 600 ppm, the concentration of platinum ions should be in the range of 0.5 ppm to 5 ppm, and the concentration of hydrazine (reducing agent) should be in the range of 10 ppm to 100 ppm. Is preferred.
  • the hydrazine concentration at the connection point of the hydrazine aqueous solution injected from the chemical liquid tank 42 through the connection point of the circulation pipe 31 and the injection pipe 44 is set in advance so as to become a set concentration, for example, 100 ppm. Then, the injection rate of the hydrazine aqueous solution into the circulation pipe 31 is calculated, and the hydrazine in the 90 ° C.
  • aqueous solution 87 flowing through the circulation pipe 31 is set to its set concentration, and the injected nickel ions in the purification system pipe 18 Then, the amount of the hydrazine aqueous solution to be filled in the chemical liquid tank 42 required for reducing each of the platinum ions to nickel metal and platinum is calculated, and the calculated amount of the hydrazine aqueous solution is filled in the chemical liquid tank 42.
  • the rotational speed of the injection pump 43 is controlled in accordance with the calculated injection speed of the hydrazine aqueous solution into the circulation pipe 31, and the hydrazine aqueous solution in the chemical liquid tank 42 is injected into the circulation pipe 31.
  • a 90 ° C. aqueous solution 87 is pressurized by the circulation pump 34 and supplied from the circulation pipe 31 to the purification system pipe 18 and is brought into contact with the surface of the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface thereof.
  • platinum particles 84 containing a large number of nickel metals adhere to the surface of the nickel metal film 82 (see FIGS. 6 and 12).
  • the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal are generated by the action of nickel ions, platinum ions and hydrazine contained in the aqueous solution 87.
  • Nickel ions and platinum ions contained in the aqueous solution 87 are metallized into nickel metal and platinum by the reduction action of hydrazine.
  • platinum ions have the property of becoming more metal than nickel ions by reducing agents. For this reason, platinum ions are metallized to become platinum, and nickel ions change to nickel metal starting from the generated platinum, so that platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal are formed.
  • platinum containing nickel metal produced by attaching nickel metal to the surface of the platinum particle in the aqueous solution 87.
  • the particles 84 adhere to the surface of the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18, and (b) while nickel ions and platinum ions contained in the aqueous solution 87 adhere to the surface of the nickel metal film 82. Both forms are assumed in which platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal that are reduced by hydrazine (reducing agent) and adhered to the surface of the nickel metal film 82 are formed.
  • the aqueous solution 87 returned from the purification system pipe 18 to the circulation pipe 31 contains platinum particles 84 containing nickel ions, formic acid, oxalic acid, platinum ions, hydrazine, and nickel metal.
  • the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal also flow into the decomposition device 55 by the inflow.
  • oxalic acid, formic acid and hydrazine (reducing agent) contained in the aqueous solution 87 are decomposed by the action of the activated carbon catalyst and the supplied hydrogen peroxide.
  • the platinum particles 85 see FIG.
  • the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal that have flowed into the decomposition device 55 also act as a catalyst, like ruthenium contained in the activated carbon catalyst, and contribute to the decomposition of oxalic acid, formic acid, and hydrazine. Since the platinum particles 85 act as a catalyst, the decomposition of oxalic acid, formic acid and hydrazine is accelerated.
  • the aqueous solution 87 discharged from the decomposition apparatus 55 is supplied with the nickel formate aqueous solution from the chemical liquid tank 37, the platinum ion aqueous solution from the chemical liquid tank 47, and the hydrazine aqueous solution from the chemical liquid tank 42, respectively, and supplied to the purification system pipe 18. .
  • the injection of the nickel ion solution, the noble metal ion solution, and the reducing agent solution is stopped (step S7).
  • the second set time for example, 1 hour
  • the respective circulation pipes 31 of the nickel formate aqueous solution, the platinum ion aqueous solution, and the hydrazine aqueous solution. Injection into is stopped.
  • the second set time is obtained by measuring in advance the time until the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal reach 0.1 ⁇ g / cm 2 on the nickel metal film covering the surface of the carbon steel test piece. Stopping the injection of the nickel formate aqueous solution is performed by stopping the injection pump 38 and closing the valve 40.
  • the injection stop of the platinum ion aqueous solution is performed by stopping the injection pump 48 and closing the valve 50.
  • the injection stop of the hydrazine aqueous solution is performed by stopping the injection pump 43 and closing the valve 45.
  • Decomposition of reducing agent decontaminating agent, formic acid and reducing agent is carried out (step 3C). Even after the injection of the nickel formate aqueous solution, platinum ion aqueous solution and hydrazine aqueous solution is stopped, oxalic acid, formic acid and hydrazine (reducing agent) contained in the aqueous solution 87 are decomposed in the decomposition device 55 as described above.
  • the valve 70 is opened to reduce the opening of the valve 69, thereby reducing the aqueous solution.
  • 87 is supplied to the cation exchange resin tower 53.
  • metal cations contained in the aqueous solution 87 such as iron ions, nickel ions and platinum ions are removed, and the concentration of the metal cations contained in the aqueous solution 87 is lowered.
  • step S3 decomposition
  • disassembly of an oxalic acid and formic acid is performed continuously after the injection
  • the decomposition of hydrazine (reducing agent) is continuously performed after the start of injection of the hydrazine aqueous solution in step S6.
  • oxalic acid, hydrazine and formic acid hydrazine is decomposed first, then oxalic acid is decomposed, and formic acid remains last. In this state, the reducing decontaminant decomposition step (step S3) is terminated.
  • the aqueous solution 87 does not contain oxalic acid and hydrazine, and the concentrations of iron ions, nickel ions, and platinum ions contained in the aqueous solution 87 are very small. For this reason, the aqueous solution 87 is substantially a formic acid aqueous solution having a low formic acid concentration and containing platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal.
  • step S8 Purification of the aqueous solution in which the reducing decontamination reagent, formic acid and the reducing agent are decomposed is performed (step S8).
  • the valve 67 is opened and the valve 66 is closed, and the valve 72 is opened and the valve 69 is closed.
  • the aqueous solution in which oxalic acid, formic acid, and hydrazine are decomposed that is, the aqueous formic acid solution containing platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal, is stopped by the heater 33, and this aqueous formic acid solution is cooled by the cooler 52 and the temperature of the aqueous solution is reduced.
  • the formic acid aqueous solution containing platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal that has been cooled to 60 ° C. is supplied to the mixed bed resin tower 54.
  • the platinum particles 84 and formic acid containing nickel metal contained in the aqueous formic acid solution are collected by the cation exchange resin and the anion exchange resin in the mixed bed resin tower 54 and removed from the aqueous solution. Further, other impurities such as nickel ions and platinum ions remaining in the aqueous formic acid solution, that is, metal cations and anions containing radionuclides are removed by the cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin in the mixed bed resin tower 54. (Purification process)
  • the waste liquid is processed (step S9).
  • the circulation pipe 31 and the waste liquid treatment apparatus (not shown) are connected by a high pressure hose (not shown) having a pump (not shown).
  • the aqueous solution that is radioactive waste liquid remaining in the purification system pipe 18 and the circulation pipe 31 is discharged from the circulation pipe 31 to the waste liquid treatment device (not shown) through the high-pressure hose by driving the pump.
  • a waste liquid processing apparatus After the aqueous solution in the purification system pipe 18 and the circulation pipe 31 is discharged, cleaning water is supplied into the purification system pipe 18 and the circulation pipe 31, and the circulation pumps 34 and 35 are driven to clean the inside of these pipes. After completion of the cleaning, the cleaning water in the purification system pipe 18 and the circulation pipe 31 is discharged to the waste liquid treatment apparatus.
  • the nickel metal film 82 is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 between the valve 23 and the valve 25 upstream of the non-regenerative heat exchanger 21, and the nickel metal of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal. Each process of adhesion on the film 82 is completed.
  • the film forming apparatus is removed from the piping system (step S10). After the steps S1 to S9 are performed, the film forming apparatus 30 is removed from the purification system pipe 18, and the purification system pipe 18 is restored.
  • the nuclear power plant is started (step S11). After completion of refueling and maintenance of the BWR plant 1, a purification in which a nickel metal film 82 to which platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal are attached is formed on the inner surface in order to start operation in the next operation cycle.
  • the BWR plant 1 having the system piping 18 is started.
  • Reactor water having a temperature within a temperature range of 130 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower is brought into contact with a nickel metal film to which noble metal particles containing nickel metal are attached (step S12).
  • the reactor water discharged from the reactor core flows into the purification system piping 18 from the downcomer via the recirculation system piping 6 and eventually into the water supply piping 11. And returned to the RPV3.
  • a control rod (not shown) is pulled out of the core 4 to change the core 4 from a subcritical state to a critical state, and the reactor water in the core 4 is heated by heat generated by the nuclear fission of nuclear fuel material in the fuel rod. At this time, no steam is generated in the core 4. Further, the control rod is pulled out from the reactor core 4, and the pressure in the RPV 3 is increased to the rated pressure in the process of raising the temperature of the nuclear reactor 2, and the reactor water is heated by the heat generated by the nuclear fission, so that the reactor water in the RPV 3 The temperature becomes the rated temperature (280 ° C.).
  • the reactor power is rated by pulling out more control rods from the reactor core 4 and increasing the flow rate of reactor water supplied to the reactor core 4. Increased to output (100% output).
  • the rated operation of the BWR plant 1 while maintaining the rated output is continued until the end of the operation cycle.
  • the reactor power rises to, for example, 10% power
  • steam generated in the core 4 is supplied to the turbine 9 through the main steam pipe 8, and power generation is started.
  • Oxygen and hydrogen peroxide generated by radiolysis of the reactor water 88 in the RPV 3 are contained in the reactor water 88.
  • the reactor water 88 containing oxygen in the RPV 3 is led from the recirculation system pipe 6 into the purification system pipe 18 in a state where the purification system pump 19 is driven, and is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18. Then, it contacts the nickel metal film 82 to which the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal are attached (see FIG. 8). Due to the heating of the reactor water by the heat generated by the fission described above, the temperature of the reactor water 88 in contact with the nickel metal film 82 rises and eventually reaches 130 ° C. or higher, and finally reaches 280 ° C. at the rated output. To rise.
  • the temperature of the reactor water 88 is greatly different between before and after the regenerative heat exchanger 20 and the non-regenerative heat exchanger 21.
  • the reactor water 88 in the RPV 3 is 280 ° C.
  • the reactor water 88 of about 280 ° C. flows in the portion of the purification system pipe 18 upstream of the regenerative heat exchanger 20.
  • the temperature of the reactor water 88 flowing out from the regenerative heat exchanger 20 to the valve 25 side falls to a range of about 200 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • the reactor water 88 is lowered to a temperature in the range from 50 ° C.
  • the reactor water purification device 22 containing the ion exchange resin within this temperature range. Since the reactor water 88 that has flowed out of the reactor water purification device 22 is used as feed water, it is heated in the range of about 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. by the regenerative heat exchanger 20 and then merged with the feed water flowing through the feed water pipe 11.
  • the portion of the purification system pipe 18 between the valve 23 and the regenerative heat exchanger 20 are in a temperature range of 130 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower, although there is a time lag.
  • the temperature is in the temperature range of 130 ° C. or higher and 280 ° C. or lower.
  • the surface of the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 between the valve 23 and the valve 25 and to which the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal are attached has a temperature range of 130 ° C. or higher and 280 ° C. or lower.
  • the reactor water 88 at that temperature in contact with the nickel metal film 82 also contacts platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal deposited on the nickel metal film 82.
  • the platinum particles 84 are also at the same temperature as the reactor water 88, and the nickel metal 86 contained in the platinum particles 84 is oxygen, as in the nickel metal film 82 covering the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18, Then, the iron contained in the purification system pipe 18 is transferred into the nickel metal 86, so that stable nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) is obtained.
  • the stable nickel ferrite is taken into the stable nickel ferrite film 89 converted from the nickel metal film 82, and the nickel metal 86 of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal eventually disappears.
  • the platinum particles 85 of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal remain attached to the surface of the stable nickel ferrite film 89 that covers the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 (see FIG. 10).
  • the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal are attached to the surface of the nickel metal film 82 formed so as to cover the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18.
  • the number of processes can be reduced to 10 processes after “injection of nickel ion aqueous solution (step S4)”.
  • a part of the oxalic acid contained in the reductive decontamination liquid is decomposed (step S3B), and the nickel ion aqueous solution is added to the reductive decontamination liquid, that is, the oxalic acid aqueous solution in a state where the oxalic acid remains.
  • a nickel metal film 82 can be formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 during the decomposition of oxalic acid.
  • an aqueous nickel ion solution, platinum ions and hydrazine (reducing agent) are added to an oxalic acid aqueous solution containing nickel ions.
  • platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal can be deposited on the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 during the decomposition of oxalic acid. For this reason, in this embodiment, it is possible to reduce the time required for the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal to adhere to the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18.
  • An aqueous solution 87 containing platinum particles 84 containing hydrazine and nickel metal is supplied to the decomposition device 55.
  • Oxalic acid, formic acid and hydrazine contained in the aqueous solution 87 are not only decomposed in the decomposition device 55 by the action of the catalyst (for example, activated carbon catalyst) and hydrogen peroxide in the decomposition device 55, but also the hydrogen peroxide.
  • the time required for the decomposition of oxalic acid in step S3 can be shortened compared to the time required for the decomposition of the reducing decontaminant in the reducing decontaminating agent decomposition step of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-105295. .
  • oxygen contained in the reactor water 88 and Fe 2+ from the purification system pipe 18 are easily transferred into the nickel metal film 82 and the nickel metal 86.
  • the oxygen concentration in the reactor water is low, the water molecules in the reactor water are decomposed by iron corrosion to generate oxygen, and this oxygen has the same function as the oxygen contained in the reactor water 88 described above.
  • the nickel in the nickel metal film 82 and the nickel metal 86 reacts with oxygen and Fe 2+ transferred into the nickel metal film 82 and the nickel metal 86 due to the formation of the high temperature environment of Ni 1-x Fe 2+.
  • x is converted into a stable nickel ferrite is 0 (NiFe 2 O 4) in x O 4.
  • platinum particles 85 the noble metal
  • it becomes easy to nickel is taken than iron if platinum particles 85 are present, Ni 1-x
  • Ni 1-x A stable nickel ferrite in which x is 0 in Fe 2 + x O 4 is produced.
  • the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is converted into a stable nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) film 89, and the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 between the valve 23 and the valve 25 is the aforementioned. As described above, the surface is covered with a stable nickel ferrite film 89 having platinum particles 85 attached to the surface (see FIG. 10). Ni 1-x Fe 2+ produced as described above from a nickel metal contained in the nickel metal film 82 covering the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 in a high temperature environment of 130 ° C. or higher and 280 ° C. or lower.
  • the nickel ferrite film 89 covering the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is stable and does not dissolve in water like the Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film by the action of the adhered platinum particles 85, and is a base material such as carbon steel, That is, adhesion of the radionuclide to the purification system pipe 18 is suppressed.
  • the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 and covering the inner surface with the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal is heated to a high temperature reactor water 88 in a temperature range of 130 ° C. to 280 ° C.
  • the platinum particles 85 are converted into a stable nickel ferrite film 89 attached to the surface by the contact of the platinum particles
  • the platinum particles are applied to the inner surface of the purification system pipe described in JP-A-2014-44190.
  • the attachment of the radionuclide can be reduced by 30%.
  • the radionuclide for example, 60 Co
  • the radionuclide is stabilized by nickel contained in the stable nickel ferrite film 89 and zinc injected into the reactor water in the RPV 3 after startup of the nuclear power plant and taken into the stable nickel ferrite film 89. Adherence to the nickel ferrite film 89 is inhibited, and the amount of radionuclide attached decreases.
  • the corrosion potential of the purification system pipe 18 and the nickel metal film 82 is lowered by the platinum particles 85 of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal attached to the nickel metal film 82, and at 130 ° C. or higher and 280 ° C.
  • the nickel ferrite coating 89 produced from the nickel metal coating 82 and having x of 0 in Ni 1-x Fe 2 + x O 4 is the BWR plant 1. This is a stable nickel ferrite film that does not elute into the reactor water due to the action of the adhered platinum particles 85 even during operation.
  • the stable nickel ferrite film 89 produced in this way adheres radionuclides to the purification system pipe 18 over a longer period than the Ni 0.7 Fe 2.3 O 4 film produced in a low temperature range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. Can be suppressed.
  • the stable nickel ferrite film 89 that does not elute due to the action of the adhered platinum particles 85 is provided in the purification system pipe 18 over a plurality of operation cycles, for example, five operation cycles (for example, five years). Can cover the inner surface.
  • the stable nickel ferrite film 89 can cover the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 over a long period of time, it is possible to suppress the attachment of radionuclides to the purification system pipe 18 over a long period of time.
  • Carbon steel members tend to be particularly corroded when they come into contact with water having a temperature in the temperature range of 150 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • the purification system pipe 18 is a portion between the regenerative heat exchanger 20 and the non-regenerative heat exchanger 21 on the upstream side of the reactor water purification device 22 and in the range of 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. It contacts the reactor water 88 at the inner temperature. Therefore, corrosion increases at that portion of the purification system piping 18.
  • a stable nickel ferrite film 89 is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 between the valve 23 and the valve 25, corrosion occurs in a portion between the valve 23 and the valve 25 of the purification system pipe 18. Is suppressed over a long period of time by the formed stable nickel ferrite film 89.
  • the valve 25 is preferably installed in the purification system pipe 18 as close to the non-regenerative heat exchanger 21 as possible.
  • the reactor water purification device 22 provided in the purification system pipe 18
  • the inner surface of the downstream portion of the purification system pipe 18 from the reactor water purification device 22 is stable. Even if the nickel ferrite film 89 is not formed, the attachment of the radionuclide to the inner surface of the portion is suppressed.
  • the stable nickel ferrite film 89 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 can suppress the attachment of radionuclides to the purification system pipe 18 over a plurality of operation cycles. For this reason, the frequency
  • the film-forming aqueous solution 83 is brought into contact with the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18, and the nickel metal film 82 covering the inner surface can be formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 in contact with the reactor water. .
  • This nickel metal film 82 can prevent the elution of Fe 2+ from the purification system pipe 18 to the film forming aqueous solution 83 during the adhesion treatment of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal, and to the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18.
  • the adhesion of noble metal particles containing nickel metal (for example, platinum particles containing nickel metal) 84 is not hindered by the elution of Fe 2+ , and the adhesion of the noble metal particles to the inner surface (specifically, purification)
  • the time required for adhesion of noble metal particles including nickel metal to the surface of the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the system pipe 18 can be shortened. Further, the noble metal particles including nickel metal can be efficiently attached to the inner surface, and the amount of the noble metal particles including nickel metal to the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is increased.
  • the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 not only shortens the time required for the adhesion of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal to the purification system pipe 18 but also the platinum particles 84 containing the attached nickel metal. This contributes to the formation of a stable nickel ferrite film 89 that does not elute into the reactor water on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 in combination with the action of the platinum particles 85.
  • the nickel metal film 82 is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 by replacing nickel ions contained in the film forming aqueous solution with iron ions contained in the purification system pipe 18 and taking in the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18. Nickel ions taken into the inner surface by the electrons generated along with the elution of iron (II) ions from the pipe 18 are reduced to nickel metal. Thus, the nickel metal produced by the action of electrons from the nickel ions taken into the purification system pipe 18 by the substitution reaction has strong adhesion to the base material of the purification system pipe 18. For this reason, the formed nickel metal film 82 is not peeled off from the purification system pipe 18.
  • the nickel metal film 82 is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 after reducing and decontaminating the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18, the nickel metal film is formed in comparison with the case where the nickel metal film is formed on the oxide film. Contributes to the formation of high proportion of stable nickel ferrite.
  • iron (II) oxalate formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 that is a carbon steel member is It is removed by the action of an oxidizing agent (for example, hydrogen peroxide) injected into the acid aqueous solution.
  • an oxidizing agent for example, hydrogen peroxide
  • a method for suppressing the attachment of radionuclide to a carbon steel member of the nuclear power plant of Example 2 which is another preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
  • the method for suppressing the attachment of radionuclide to carbon steel members of a nuclear power plant according to the present embodiment is applied to the purification system piping of a BWR plant that has experienced operation in at least one operation cycle.
  • the steps S1 to S10 and S12 performed in the first embodiment and the new steps S13 and S14 are performed.
  • the film forming apparatus 30 used in Embodiment 1 is used in each step of Steps S1 to S9, and a new heating system 91 is used in each step of Steps S13 and S12.
  • the heating system 91 has a pressure-resistant structure, and includes a circulation pipe 92, a circulation pump 93, a heating device 94, and a valve 95 that is a pressure increasing device.
  • a circulation pump 93 is provided in the circulation pipe 92, and a heating device 94 is provided in the circulation pipe 92 upstream of the circulation pump 93.
  • the heating device 94 may be disposed downstream of the circulation pump 93.
  • the pipe 96 bypasses the circulation pump 93, one end of the pipe 96 is connected to the circulation pipe 92 upstream of the circulation pump 93, and the other end of the pipe 96 is connected to the circulation pipe 92 downstream of the circulation pump 93. Connected.
  • a valve 95 is provided in the pipe 96.
  • An on-off valve 97 is provided at the upstream end of the circulation pipe 92, and an on-off valve 98 is provided at the downstream end of the circulation pipe.
  • step S9 is performed.
  • the film forming apparatus is removed from the piping system (step S10).
  • the film forming apparatus 30 connected to the purification system pipe 18 is removed from the purification system pipe 18.
  • One end of the circulation pipe 31 of the film forming apparatus 30 is removed from the flange of the valve 23, and the other end of the circulation pipe 31 is removed from the flange of the valve 25.
  • the heating system is connected to the piping system (step S13).
  • One end of the circulation pipe 92 (third pipe) of the heating system 91 on the open / close valve 98 side is connected to the flange of the valve 23, and the circulation pipe 92 is connected to the purification system pipe 18.
  • the other end of the circulation pipe 92 on the on-off valve 97 side is connected to the flange of the valve 25, and the circulation pipe 92 is connected to the purification system pipe 18 between the regenerative heat exchanger 20 and the non-regenerative heat exchanger 21.
  • Both ends of the circulation pipe 92 are connected to the purification system pipe 18 to form a closed loop including the purification system pipe 18 and the circulation pipe 92.
  • step S12 water containing oxygen at a temperature within a temperature range of 130 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower is brought into contact with the nickel metal film to which the noble metal particles containing nickel metal are attached (step S12).
  • Water containing oxygen is filled in a closed loop including the circulation pipe 92 and the purification system pipe 18.
  • the circulation pump 93 is driven to circulate oxygen-containing water in the closed loop.
  • the rotation speed of the circulation pump 93 is increased to a certain rotation speed, and then the opening degree of the valve 95 is gradually decreased to increase the pressure of water discharged from the circulation pump 93.
  • the water containing oxygen circulating in the closed loop is heated by the heating device 94 to increase the temperature of the water.
  • the temperature of the water is raised while increasing the pressure of the water discharged from the circulation pump 93.
  • the rotational speed of the circulation pump 93 is further increased.
  • the pressure of the water circulating in the closed loop rises to a range of 0.27 MPa to 12.863 MPa, for example, the temperature of the circulating water is about 130.0 ° C. to 330.0 ° C. Ascend within range.
  • the pressure of the circulating water is adjusted, and the temperature of the water is adjusted to, for example, 150 ° C. within a temperature range of 130 ° C. to 330 ° C.
  • the temperature of the water circulating in the closed loop is maintained at 150 ° C. while the nickel metal film formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is converted into a stable nickel ferrite film.
  • Water 88A containing 150 ° C. containing oxygen is supplied from the circulation pipe 92 to the purification system pipe 18 and comes into contact with the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 to which the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal adhere. (See FIG. 8).
  • the purification system pipe 18 is surrounded by a heat insulating material (not shown) except for the vicinity of the valves 23 and 25 to which both ends of the circulation pipe 92 are connected.
  • each of the water 88A containing oxygen, the purification system pipe 18 and the nickel metal film 82 is 150 ° C., it constitutes oxygen (O 2 ) contained in the water 88A and some water molecules contained in the water 88A. Oxygen moves into the nickel metal film 82, and Fe contained in the purification system pipe 18 becomes Fe 2+ and moves into the nickel metal film 82 (see FIG. 9). Oxygen contained in the water 88A is easy to move alone in the water 88A at 130 ° C. or higher, and easily enters the nickel metal film 82.
  • Ni 1-x Fe Stable nickel ferrite NiFe 2 O 4
  • the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is converted into a stable nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) film 89, and the nickel ferrite film 89 is applied to the valves 23 and 25 of the purification system pipe 18.
  • the inner surface of the portion in between is covered (see FIG. 10).
  • the nickel metal 86 of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal is also converted into stable nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ), and the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 is stable nickel. It is taken in the ferrite film 89.
  • platinum particles 85 adhere to the surface of the stable nickel ferrite film 89 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 with the nickel metal 86 disappearing (see FIG. 10).
  • step S14 Remove the heating system from the piping system (step S14). After the nickel ferrite film 89 is formed so as to cover the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18, the heating system 91 connected to the purification system pipe 18 is removed from the purification system pipe 18. Thereafter, the purification system pipe 18 is restored.
  • the BWR having the purification system pipe 18 having the nickel ferrite film 89 to which the platinum particles 85 are attached is formed on the inner surface. Plant 1 is activated. The reactor water flowing in the purification system pipe 18 is not directly in contact with the base material of the purification system pipe 18 because the nickel ferrite film 89 is formed.
  • This example can obtain each effect produced in Example 1. Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to convert the nickel metal film 82 formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 into the stable nickel ferrite film 89 using the heating system 91, the conversion process in step S12 is performed in the BWR plant 1. This can be done during the shutdown. For this reason, when the BWR plant 1 is started, since the stable nickel ferrite film 89 has already been formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18, in this embodiment, the stable nickel ferrite film is formed on the inner surface in the first embodiment. Even before the film 89 is formed, the attachment of the radionuclide to the purification system pipe 18 can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the present embodiment uses the heating system 91, the temperature of the water 88A containing oxygen can be adjusted to any temperature within the range of 130 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower.
  • steps S13 and S14 may be performed instead of step S11, and step S12 may be performed using the heating system 91.
  • a method for suppressing radionuclide adhesion to a carbon steel member of a nuclear power plant of Example 3 which is another example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the method for suppressing the attachment of radionuclide to carbon steel members of a nuclear power plant according to the present embodiment is applied to the purification system piping of a BWR plant that has experienced operation in at least one operation cycle.
  • steps S4 to S7 performed in the first embodiment are performed after step S2A (chemical decontamination step) is completed.
  • steps S2, S3, and S8 performed in the first embodiment are performed.
  • steps S1 and S9 to S12 executed in the first embodiment are also performed.
  • steps S8A, S15 and S16 are newly added.
  • step S1 is performed as in the first embodiment.
  • Step S2A Chemical decontamination is performed on the piping system made of carbon steel to be coated.
  • steps S2 (reduction decontamination process), S3 (reduction decontamination process) and S8 (purification process) performed in Example 1 are sequentially performed in this order. .
  • This purification process is performed subsequent to the decomposition process of the reducing decontamination reagent.
  • the temperature of the film forming liquid is adjusted (step S15). Valves 69 and 74 are opened and valves 72 and 75 are closed. Since the circulation pumps 34 and 35 are driven, the remaining aqueous solution containing formic acid circulates in the closed loop including the circulation pipe 31 and the purification system pipe 18.
  • the aqueous solution containing formic acid is heated to 90 ° C. by the heater 33.
  • the temperature of this aqueous formic acid solution (film forming aqueous solution described later) is preferably in the temperature range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. (60 ° C. or more and 100 ° C. or less). Further, the valve 64 is opened and the valve 63 is closed.
  • the formic acid aqueous solution flowing in the circulation pipe 31 is supplied to the filter 51, and fine solids remaining in the formic acid aqueous solution are removed by the filter 51.
  • fine solid content is not removed, as will be described later, when the nickel formate aqueous solution is injected into the circulation pipe 31, a nickel metal film is also formed on the surface of the solid material, and the injected nickel ions are wasted. Is done.
  • step S4 the nickel formate aqueous solution (nickel ion concentration is 200 ppm) in the chemical tank 37 is injected into the 90 ° C. formic acid aqueous solution flowing in the circulation pipe 31, and nickel ions and A 90 ° C. film-forming aqueous solution containing formic acid and no oxygen is produced.
  • the film-forming aqueous solution does not contain oxalic acid.
  • the produced film-forming aqueous solution having a pH of 4.0 in the range of 3.5 to 6.0 and containing nickel ions and formic acid and not containing oxygen is supplied to the purification system pipe 18, and this purification system It contacts the inner surface of the pipe 18.
  • Fe 2+ is eluted from the purification system pipe 18 into the film-forming aqueous solution by the action of formic acid, and electrons are generated along with the elution of this Fe 2+.
  • a nickel metal film 82 is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18 as in the first embodiment.
  • steps S5 injection of platinum ion aqueous solution
  • S6 injection of reducing agent
  • steps S5 and S6 injection of reducing agent
  • steps S4 injection of nickel ion aqueous solution
  • steps S4 injection of nickel ion aqueous solution
  • steps S4 injection of nickel ion aqueous solution
  • platinum particles 84 containing a large number of nickel metals adhere to the surface of the nickel metal film 82 (see FIGS. 6 and 12).
  • the aqueous solution 87 that contacts the surface of the nickel metal film 82 does not contain oxalic acid.
  • the nickel formate aqueous solution, the platinum ion aqueous solution, and the hydrazine aqueous solution are respectively supplied to the circulation pipes 31.
  • the injection is stopped (step S7).
  • step S16 formic acid and the reducing agent are decomposed (step S16).
  • the process of step S16 is performed in substantially the same manner as the process of step S3C performed in the first embodiment.
  • the decomposition of oxalic acid performed in the process of step S3C is not substantially performed.
  • Formic acid and hydrazine (reducing agent) are decomposed in the decomposition apparatus 55 by the action of the platinum particles 85 of the platinum particles 84 containing the activated carbon catalyst, hydrogen peroxide, and nickel metal, as in step S3C described above.
  • the conductivity of the aqueous solution 87 containing no oxalic acid is reduced to 20 ⁇ Siemens / cm, the decomposition of formic acid and hydrazine (reducing agent) is completed.
  • step S8A Purification of the aqueous solution in which the formic acid and the reducing agent are decomposed is performed (step S8A).
  • step S8A the same processing as in step S8 described above is performed.
  • a 60 ° C. aqueous formic acid solution containing platinum particles 84 containing nickel ions, platinum ions and nickel metal is supplied to the mixed bed resin tower 54, and the metal contained in the aqueous formic acid solution Ions (platinum ions and the like), platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal, and formic acid are collected by the cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin in the mixed bed resin tower 54 and removed from the aqueous solution.
  • step S9 the reactor water containing oxygen at a temperature in the temperature range of 130 ° C. to 280 ° C. in the temperature range of 130 ° C. to 330 ° C. is formed on the inner surface of the purification system pipe 18, and the nickel metal Is brought into contact with the surface of the nickel metal film 82 to which the platinum particles 84 containing the particles are attached.
  • the nickel metal film 82 is converted into a stable nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) film 89, and the nickel metal 86 of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal is also converted into stable nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ).
  • the stable nickel converted from the nickel metal 86 is taken in and disappears in the nickel ferrite film 89, and the platinum particles 85 of the platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal are attached to the surface of the nickel ferrite film 89.
  • This example shortens the time required to deposit the platinum particles 84 on the nickel metal film 82 obtained by the adhesion of platinum particles 84 containing nickel metal onto the nickel metal film 82 during the decomposition of oxalic acid.
  • Each effect produced in Example 1 other than the effect that it is possible can be obtained.
  • cation exchange resin tower 54 ... mixed bed resin tower, 55 ... decomposition device, 56 ... oxidation Agent supply device, 58 ... supply pump, 82 ... nickel metal film, 84 ... platinum particles containing nickel metal, 85 ... platinum particles, 86 ... nickel metal, 89 ... nickel ferrite film, 91 ... heating system.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de supprimer une adhérence de nucléides radioactifs à un élément en acier au carbone d'une centrale nucléaire, le procédé permettant de réduire le nombre d'étapes. Dans ce procédé, un dispositif de formation de film est relié à un tuyau en acier au carbone d'un système de purification d'une centrale nucléaire à l'arrêt (S1). Une solution aqueuse d'acide oxalique est utilisée pour une décontamination de réduction du tuyau de système de purification (S2). Après qu'une partie de l'acide oxalique a été décomposée (S3B), une solution de formation de film aqueux formée par l'injection d'ions Ni (S4) est fournie au tuyau de système de purification, et un film métallique de Ni est formé sur la surface interne du tuyau de système de purification. Par la suite, une solution aqueuse comprenant des ions Ni, des ions Pt et de l'hydrazine est fournie par un tuyau de circulation au tuyau de système de purification et des particules de Pt comprenant du Ni métallique adhèrent au film métallique de Ni (S4 à S6). Le dispositif de formation de film est enlevé du tuyau de système de purification (S15) et la centrale nucléaire est mise en marche (S16). Le contact avec de l'eau de réacteur contenant de l'oxygène entre 130 °C et 330 °C (S12) amène le film métallique de Ni auquel adhèrent les particules de Pt, à se transformer en un film de ferrite Ni stable sans élution même sous l'action de Pt.
PCT/JP2019/001015 2018-03-13 2019-01-16 Procédé permettant de supprimer une adhérence de nucléides radioactifs à un élément en acier au carbone d'une centrale nucléaire Ceased WO2019176264A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008164607A (ja) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-17 General Electric Co <Ge> 原子炉運転方法および運転停止後原子炉の放射線レベル低減方法
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