WO2019151048A1 - 高炭素熱延鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
高炭素熱延鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/003—Cementite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet excellent in cold workability and hardenability (slow hardenability and carburizing hardenability) and a method for producing the same.
- automotive parts such as transmissions and seat recliners are manufactured by cold-working hot-rolled steel sheets (high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheets), which are carbon steel materials for machine structures and alloy steel materials for machine structures specified in JIS G4051. After being processed into a desired shape, it is often manufactured by quenching in order to ensure the desired hardness. For this reason, the hot-rolled steel sheet used as a raw material is required to have excellent cold workability and hardenability, and various steel sheets have been proposed so far.
- high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheets which are carbon steel materials for machine structures and alloy steel materials for machine structures specified in JIS G4051. After being processed into a desired shape, it is often manufactured by quenching in order to ensure the desired hardness. For this reason, the hot-rolled steel sheet used as a raw material is required to have excellent cold workability and hardenability, and various steel sheets have been proposed so far.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that, by weight, C: 0.15 to 0.9%, Si: 0.4% or less, Mn: 0.3 to 1.0%, P: 0.03% or less, T.A. Al: 0.10% or less, Cr: 1.2% or less, Mo: 0.3% or less, Cu: 0.3% or less, Ni: 2.0% or less, or Ti: 0. 01 to 0.05%, B: 0.0005 to 0.005%, N: 0.01% or less, spheroidization rate of 80% or more, average particle size of 0.4 to 1.0 ⁇ m
- a high carbon steel sheet for precision punching is described which has a structure in which a carbide of 1 is dispersed in ferrite.
- Patent Document 2 is characterized by containing C: 0.2% or more, Ti: 0.01 to 0.05%, and B: 0.0003 to 0.005% by mass%.
- a high carbon steel sheet with improved workability is described in which the ratio of carbides having an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less and 0.3 ⁇ m or less is 20% or less.
- Patent Document 3 by mass, C: 0.10 to 1.2%, Si: 0.01 to 2.5%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.5%, P: 0.04 %: S: 0.0005 to 0.05%, Al: 0.2% or less, Te: 0.0005 to 0.05%, N: 0.0005 to 0.03%, and Sb: 0.001 0.05%, in addition Cr: 0.2-2.0%, Mo: 0.1-1.0%, Ni: 0.3-1.5%, Cu: 1.0% or less, B : Containing at least one of 0.005% or less, consisting of a structure mainly composed of ferrite and pearlite, and having a ferrite grain size of 11 or more, cold workability and low decarburization An improved machine structural steel is described.
- Patent Document 4 in mass%, C: 0.20 to 0.40%, Si: 0.10% or less, Mn: 0.50% or less, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0 .010% or less, sol. Al: 0.10% or less, N: 0.005% or less, B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, and one or more of Sb, Sn, Bi, Ge, Te, Se in total 0.002 to 0.03% contained, composed of ferrite and cementite, having a microstructure in which the density of cementite in the ferrite grains is 0.10 piece / ⁇ m 2 or less, hardness is 75 or less in HRB, A high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet having excellent hardenability and workability, characterized by an elongation of 38% or more, is described.
- Patent Document 5 in mass%, C: 0.20 to 0.48%, Si: 0.10% or less, Mn: 0.50% or less, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0 0.010% or less, sol.Al: 0.10% or less, N: 0.005% or less, B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, and further containing Sb, Sn, Bi, Ge, Te, Se One or more of them are contained in a total amount of 0.002 to 0.03%, are composed of ferrite and cementite, have a microstructure in which the density of cementite in the ferrite grains is 0.10 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or less, and hardness Describes a high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet excellent in hardenability and workability, characterized in that the HRB is 65 or less and the total elongation is 40% or more.
- Patent Document 6 in mass%, C: 0.20 to 0.40%, Si: 0.10% or less, Mn: 0.50% or less, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0 .010% or less, sol. Al: 0.10% or less, N: 0.005% or less, B: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, and one or more of Sb, Sn, Bi, Ge, Te, Se in total 0.002 to 0.03%, the ratio of the solid solution B content in the B content is 70% or more, and is composed of ferrite and cementite, and the density of cementite in the ferrite grains is 0.08 / ⁇ m 2.
- a high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet having the following microstructure, hardness of 73 or less in HRB, and total elongation of 39% or more is described.
- Patent Document 7 by mass, C: 0.15 to 0.37%, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 2.5% or less, P: 0.1% or less, S: 0.03 % Or less, sol. Al: 0.10% or less, N: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, B: 0.0010 to 0.0050%, and at least one of Sb and Sn: 0.003 to 0.10% in total And satisfying the relationship of 0.50 ⁇ (14 [B]) / (10.8 [N]), with the balance being composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, consisting of a ferrite phase and cementite
- a high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet characterized by having a microstructure in which the average grain size of the ferrite phase is 10 ⁇ m or less, the spheroidization rate of cementite is 90% or more, and the total elongation is 37% or more is described. .
- JP 2009-299189 A JP 2005-344194 A Japanese Patent No. 4012475 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-017283 JP2015-017284A WO2015 / 146173 Japanese Patent No. 5458649
- Patent Document 1 relates to precision punchability, and describes the influence of the dispersion form of carbides on precision punchability and hardenability.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a steel sheet that improves precision punching and hardenability can be obtained by controlling the average carbide particle size to 0.4 to 1.0 ⁇ m and the spheroidization rate to 80% or more. ing.
- the average carbide particle size to 0.4 to 1.0 ⁇ m
- the spheroidization rate to 80% or more.
- Patent Document 2 pays attention not only to the average particle size of carbides but also to the fine carbides of 0.3 ⁇ m or less affecting the processability, and controls the average particle size of carbides to 1.0 ⁇ m or less, In addition, it is described that a steel sheet with improved workability can be obtained by controlling the carbide ratio of 0.3 ⁇ m or less to 20% or less.
- Patent Document 2 describes a range where the C amount is 0.20% or more, and does not consider a range where the C amount is less than 0.20%.
- Patent Document 3 describes that a steel with improved cold workability and decarburization resistance can be obtained by adjusting the component composition.
- Patent Document 3 does not have any description regarding the hardenability and carburizing and hardenability.
- Patent Documents 4 to 6 are effective in preventing nitriding by containing 0.002 to 0.03% in total of one or more of B, Sb, Sn, Bi, Ge, Te, and Se. For example, even when annealing is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere, it is described that nitriding is prevented and hardenability is increased by maintaining a predetermined amount of solid solution B. However, in all cases, the C amount is 0.20% or more.
- Patent Document 7 proposes a steel with high hardenability by containing at least one of B, Sb, and Sn at C: 0.15 to 0.37%.
- higher hardenability such as carburizing hardenability has not been studied.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet having excellent cold workability and excellent hardenability (subduct hardenability, carburizing hardenability) and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors contain Cr, B as a component composition of steel, or, in addition to Cr, B, preferably contain at least one of Ti and / or Sb, Sn.
- the hardness (hardness) and total elongation (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as elongation) of the high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet before quenching is greatly influenced by cementite having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less, By setting the number of cementites having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less to 12% or less of the total number of cementites, the hardness can be 73 or less in HRB and the total elongation (El) can be 37% or more.
- finish rolling finish temperature finish rolling at Ar 3 transformation point or higher, then cooled to 700 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 20 to 100 ° C./sec
- winding temperature over 580 ° C. to After winding up at 700 ° C.
- a predetermined structure can be secured by holding it below the Ac 1 transformation point.
- heat to Ac 1 transformation point or more and Ac 3 transformation point or less and hold for 0.5 h or more then cool to below Ar 1 transformation point at an average cooling rate of 1 to 20 ° C./h, and Ar
- Ar A predetermined structure can be secured by two-stage annealing of holding for 20 hours or more at a temperature lower than one transformation point.
- the composition has a microstructure composed of ferrite and cementite, and the ratio of the number of cementite with an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less to the total number of cementite is 12% or less, and the amount of Cr dissolved in the steel sheet Is a high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet having a hardness of 0.03 to 0.50%, an HRB of 73 or less, and a total elongation of 37% or more.
- [6] A method for producing a high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein after hot rough rolling of the steel, finish rolling is finished at a finish rolling end temperature: Ar 3 transformation point or higher. After that, it is cooled to 700 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 20 to 100 ° C./sec, coiled at a temperature of more than 580 ° C. to 700 ° C., cooled to room temperature, and then kept at an annealing temperature of less than Ac 1 transformation point. Manufacturing method of high carbon hot rolled steel sheet.
- [7] A method for producing a high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein after hot rough rolling of the steel, finish rolling is finished at a finish rolling end temperature: Ar 3 transformation point or higher. And then cooled to 700 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 20 to 100 ° C./sec, cooled to room temperature at a winding temperature of more than 580 to 700 ° C., and then heated to an Ac 1 transformation point or more and an Ac 3 transformation point or less. And then cooled to below the Ar 1 transformation point at an average cooling rate of 1 to 20 ° C./h, and maintained for at least 20 h below the Ar 1 transformation point.
- a high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet having excellent cold workability and hardenability (slow hardenability, carburizing hardenability) can be obtained.
- high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet produced according to the present invention to automobile parts such as sheet recliners, door latches, and drive trains that require cold workability as raw steel sheets, stable quality is achieved. It can greatly contribute to the production of required automotive parts, and has a remarkable industrial effect.
- Component composition The component composition of the high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention and the reason for limitation will be described. Note that “%” as a unit of content of the following component composition means “mass%” unless otherwise specified.
- C 0.10% or more and less than 0.20% C is an important element for obtaining strength after quenching. If the amount of C is less than 0.10%, the desired hardness cannot be obtained by heat treatment after molding, so the amount of C needs to be 0.10% or more. However, if the amount of C is 0.20% or more, it becomes hard and the toughness and cold workability deteriorate. Therefore, the C content is 0.10% or more and less than 0.20%. When used for cold working of parts having complicated shapes and difficult to press, the C content is preferably 0.18% or less, more preferably less than 0.15%.
- Si 0.5% or less Si is an element that increases the strength by solid solution strengthening.
- the amount of Si is 0.5% or less because it hardens as the amount of Si increases and cold workability deteriorates.
- it is 0.45% or less, More preferably, it is 0.40% or less.
- Mn 0.25 to 0.65%
- Mn is an element that improves hardenability and increases strength by solid solution strengthening. If it is less than 0.25%, both the hardenability and carburizing and quenching properties begin to decrease, so the Mn content is 0.25% or more. Preferably it is 0.30% or more.
- the amount of Mn exceeds 0.65%, a band structure resulting from segregation of Mn develops, the structure becomes non-uniform, and the steel becomes hard due to solid solution strengthening, resulting in a decrease in cold workability. Therefore, the amount of Mn is 0.65% or less. Preferably it is 0.55% or less.
- P 0.03% or less
- P is an element that increases the strength by solid solution strengthening. If the P content exceeds 0.03%, grain boundary embrittlement is caused and the toughness after quenching deteriorates. Also, cold workability is reduced. Therefore, the P content is 0.03% or less. In order to obtain excellent toughness after quenching, the P content is preferably 0.02% or less. P decreases the cold workability and toughness after quenching, so the smaller the amount of P, the better. However, if P is reduced excessively, the refining cost increases, so the amount of P is preferably 0.005% or more. More preferably, it is 0.007% or more.
- S 0.010% or less
- S is an element that must be reduced in order to form sulfides and to reduce the cold workability of the high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet and the toughness after quenching.
- the S amount is 0.010% or less.
- the S content is preferably 0.005% or less. Since S decreases cold workability and toughness after quenching, the smaller the amount of S, the better. However, since the refining cost increases if S is excessively reduced, the amount of S is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- sol. Al 0.10% or less sol. If the amount of Al exceeds 0.10%, AlN is generated during the heating of the quenching process, and the austenite grains become too fine. Thereby, the formation of a ferrite phase is promoted during cooling, the structure becomes ferrite and martensite, and the hardness after quenching decreases. Therefore, sol.
- the amount of Al is 0.10% or less. Preferably it is 0.06% or less.
- sol. Al has a deoxidizing effect, and in order to sufficiently deoxidize, Al is preferably made 0.005% or more.
- N 0.0065% or less
- the N content is 0.0065% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0060% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0050% or less.
- N forms AlN, Cr type nitride, and B nitride. Thereby, it is an element which moderately suppresses the growth of austenite grains during heating in the quenching treatment and improves the toughness after quenching. For this reason, N amount is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- Cr 0.05 to 0.50%
- Cr is an important element that enhances hardenability.
- the Cr amount needs to be 0.05% or more.
- the Cr content in the steel is less than 0.05%, ferrite is likely to be generated in the surface layer particularly in carburizing and quenching, and a completely quenched structure cannot be obtained, resulting in a decrease in hardness. From the viewpoint of ensuring high hardenability, it is preferably 0.10% or more.
- the Cr content exceeds 0.50%, the steel plate before quenching hardens and the cold workability is impaired. For this reason, the Cr content is 0.50% or less.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.45% or less, and 0.35% or less. Is more preferable.
- B 0.0005 to 0.005%
- B is an important element that enhances hardenability.
- the amount of B is less than 0.0005%, a sufficient effect is not recognized, so the amount of B needs to be 0.0005% or more. Preferably it is 0.0010% or more.
- the amount of B exceeds 0.005%, the recrystallization of austenite after finish rolling is delayed, resulting in the development of the texture of the hot-rolled steel sheet, increasing the anisotropy after annealing, Ears are likely to occur. For this reason, the amount of B is made into 0.005% or less. Preferably it is 0.004% or less.
- the balance other than the above is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention has the desired characteristics.
- the high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention can contain the following elements as necessary for the purpose of, for example, further improving the strength (hardness), cold workability and hardenability.
- Ti 0.06% or less Ti is an effective element for enhancing the hardenability.
- the hardenability is insufficient only by the inclusion of Cr and B, the hardenability can be improved by containing Ti. If the amount of Ti is less than 0.005%, the effect is not recognized. Therefore, when Ti is contained, the content is made 0.005% or more. More preferably, it is 0.007% or more.
- the Ti content exceeds 0.06%, the steel plate before quenching hardens and the cold workability is impaired, so when Ti is contained, the content is made 0.06% or less. More preferably, it is 0.04% or less.
- Sb and Sn are effective elements for suppressing nitriding from the steel sheet surface layer.
- a sufficient effect is not recognized. More preferably, it is 0.005% or more.
- the nitriding prevention effect is saturated.
- the total content of these elements is set to 0.03% or less. More preferably, it is 0.02% or less.
- nitriding from the steel sheet surface layer is suppressed even when annealing is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen concentration in the steel sheet surface layer is reduced. Suppresses the increase in
- the amount of solid solution Cr and the amount of solid solution B are appropriately adjusted in the steel sheet after annealing. Can be ensured, whereby high hardenability can be obtained.
- a required amount of at least one of Nb, Mo, Ta, Ni, Cu, V, and W may be contained.
- Nb 0.0005 to 0.1%
- Nb is an element that forms carbonitride and is effective in preventing abnormal grain growth, improving toughness, and improving temper softening resistance during heating before quenching. If less than 0.0005%, the effect of inclusion is not sufficiently exhibited, so the lower limit is preferably made 0.0005%.
- Nb carbide causes the elongation to decrease as the tensile strength of the base material increases. For this reason, it is preferable to make an upper limit into 0.1%. More preferably, it is 0.05% or less, Most preferably, it is less than 0.03%.
- Mo 0.0005 to 0.1%
- Mo is an element effective for improving hardenability and improving resistance to temper softening. If less than 0.0005%, the effect of addition is small, so the lower limit is made 0.0005%. If it exceeds 0.1%, the effect of addition is saturated and the cost increases, so the upper limit is made 0.1%. More preferably, it is 0.05% or less, Most preferably, it is less than 0.03%.
- Ta 0.0005 to 0.1%
- Ta forms a carbonitride, and is an element effective for preventing abnormal grain growth during heating before quenching, preventing coarsening of crystal grains, and improving resistance to temper softening. If less than 0.0005%, the effect of addition is small, so the lower limit is made 0.0005%. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.1%, the effect of addition is saturated, and the quenching hardness is reduced due to cost increase and excessive carbide formation, so the upper limit is defined as 0.1%. More preferably, it is 0.05% or less, Most preferably, it is less than 0.03%.
- Ni 0.0005 to 0.1%
- Ni is an element that is highly effective in improving toughness and hardenability. If it is less than 0.0005%, there is no effect of addition, so the lower limit is made 0.0005%. If it exceeds 0.1%, the effect of addition is saturated and the cost is increased, so the upper limit is made 0.1%. A more preferable range is 0.05% or less.
- Cu 0.0005 to 0.1%
- Cu is an element effective for ensuring hardenability. If less than 0.0005%, the effect of addition is not sufficiently confirmed, so the lower limit is made 0.0005%. If it exceeds 0.1%, wrinkles at the time of hot rolling are likely to occur, and the productivity is degraded, for example, the yield is lowered. Therefore, the upper limit is made 0.1%. A more preferable range is 0.05% or less.
- V 0.0005 to 0.1%
- V is an element that forms carbonitrides and is effective in preventing abnormal grain growth, improving toughness, and improving temper softening resistance during heating before quenching. If it is less than 0.0005%, the effect of addition is not sufficiently exhibited, so the lower limit is made 0.0005%. If it exceeds 0.1%, not only the effect of addition is saturated, but also the V carbide reduces the elongation as the tensile strength of the base material increases, so the upper limit is made 0.1%. More preferably, it is 0.05% or less, Most preferably, it is less than 0.03%.
- W 0.0005 to 0.1%
- W is an element that forms carbonitrides and is effective in preventing abnormal growth of austenite grains during heating before quenching and improving temper softening resistance. If it is less than 0.0005%, the effect of addition is small, so the lower limit is defined as 0.0005%. If it exceeds 0.1%, the effect of addition is saturated, and the hardening hardness is reduced due to an increase in cost and excessive carbide formation, so the upper limit is defined as 0.1%. More preferably, it is 0.05% or less, Most preferably, it is less than 0.03%.
- the microstructure is composed of ferrite and cementite. Further, the ratio of the number of cementites having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less is 12% or less with respect to the total number of cementites, and the amount of Cr dissolved in the steel sheet is 0.03 to 0.50%. In the present invention, the average particle diameter of the ferrite is preferably 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the area ratio of ferrite is preferably 85% or more. If the area ratio of the ferrite is less than 85%, the formability is deteriorated, and cold working may be difficult with a part having a high workability. Therefore, the area ratio of ferrite is preferably 85% or more.
- the ratio of the number of cementite with an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less is 12% or less with respect to the total number of cementite. descend.
- the hardness is 73 or less in HRB and the total elongation (El) is 37% or more. can do.
- the number of cementite having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less is preferably 10% or less with respect to the total number of cementite.
- the reason for defining the ratio of the number of cementite with an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less is that the cementite with a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or less produces dispersion strengthening ability, and if the size of the cementite increases, cold workability is hindered. Because.
- the cementite diameter existing before quenching is approximately 0.07 to 1.0 ⁇ m in terms of equivalent circle diameter. Therefore, the dispersion state of cementite having a size that does not significantly affect precipitation strengthening and whose equivalent circle diameter before quenching exceeds 0.1 ⁇ m is not particularly defined in the present invention.
- the structure of the high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention may be formed with a remaining structure such as pearlite or bainite in addition to the above-described ferrite and cementite. If the total area ratio of the remaining structure is 5% or less, the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and therefore it may be contained.
- the solid solution Cr amount is 0.03% or more. Preferably it is 0.12% or more.
- the amount of solid solution Cr is 0.50% or less.
- the amount of solute Cr is 0.30% or less.
- Average particle diameter of ferrite 5 to 15 ⁇ m (preferred conditions) If the average particle size of the ferrite is less than 5 ⁇ m, the strength before cold working increases and the press formability deteriorates. For this reason, the average particle diameter of ferrite is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, when the average particle diameter of ferrite exceeds 15 ⁇ m, the base material strength decreases. Further, in a region where the product is used without being quenched after being molded into a target product shape, the strength of the base material is required to some extent. Therefore, the average ferrite particle diameter is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 6 ⁇ m or more. More preferably, it is 12 ⁇ m or less.
- cementite equivalent-circle diameter, ferrite area ratio, solute Cr content, and average particle diameter of ferrite can be measured by the methods described in the examples described later.
- the high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is formed by a cold press for automobile parts such as gears, transmissions, and sheet recliners, and therefore requires excellent cold workability. In addition, it is necessary to increase the hardness by quenching to impart wear resistance. Therefore, the high carbon hot rolled steel sheet of the present invention has excellent cold working by reducing the hardness of the steel sheet to 73 or less in HRB and increasing the elongation to 37% or more in total elongation (El). It is possible to achieve both a good hardenability (smooth hardenability and carburizing hardenability).
- the high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is made of steel having the above composition, and after hot rough rolling, finish rolling is performed at a finish rolling end temperature: Ar 3 transformation point or higher, and then average cooling is performed.
- a steel having the above composition is used as a raw material, and after hot rough rolling, finish rolling is performed at a finish rolling finish temperature: Ar 3 transformation point or higher, and then an average cooling rate: 20 to 100 ° C./sec to 700 ° C.
- Cooling, winding temperature Over 580 ° C. to 700 ° C., cooled to room temperature, heated to Ac 1 transformation point to Ac 3 transformation point and held for 0.5 h or more, then 1-20 ° C. / Manufactured by two-stage annealing, which is cooled below the Ar 1 transformation point at an average cooling rate of h, and held for 20 hours or more below the Ar 1 transformation point.
- the “° C.” display relating to the temperature represents the temperature on the surface of the steel plate or the surface of the steel material.
- the manufacturing method of the steel material need not be particularly limited.
- a converter and an electric furnace can be used.
- High carbon steel melted by a known method such as a converter is made into a slab (steel material) by ingot-bundling rolling or continuous casting.
- the slab is usually heated and then hot rolled (hot rough rolling and finish rolling).
- direct feed rolling in which heat is maintained for the purpose of suppressing temperature decrease as it is or may be applied.
- the heating temperature of a slab it is preferable to make the heating temperature of a slab into 1280 degrees C or less in order to avoid the deterioration of the surface state by a scale.
- the material to be rolled may be heated by a heating means such as a sheet bar heater during the hot rolling in order to secure the finish rolling finish temperature.
- Finish rolling end temperature Finish rolling at Ar 3 transformation point or higher If the finish rolling end temperature is less than Ar 3 transformation point, coarse ferrite grains are formed after hot rolling and after annealing, and the elongation is significantly reduced. Therefore, the finish rolling end temperature, the Ar 3 transformation point or more. Preferably, it is set to (Ar 3 transformation point + 20 ° C.) or higher. In addition, although the upper limit of finish rolling completion temperature does not need to prescribe
- Ar 3 transformation point described above can be determined by measurement of thermal expansion during cooling by a four-master test or the like and actual measurement by measurement of electric resistance.
- average cooling rate cooling to 700 ° C. at 20 to 100 ° C./sec.
- the average cooling rate to 700 ° C. affects the amount of solute Cr in the steel sheet after winding. In the annealing process after winding, part of the solute Cr dissolves in cementite. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a predetermined amount of solute Cr in the stage after winding.
- 20 ° C./sec. It is necessary to cool by the above. If the average cooling rate is less than 20 ° C./sec, the solid solution Cr existing after finish rolling is dissolved in the cementite, and a predetermined amount of solid solution Cr cannot be obtained. Preferably it is 25 degrees C / sec or more.
- the average cooling rate exceeds 100 ° C./sec, it becomes difficult to obtain cementite having a predetermined size after annealing, so the temperature is set to 100 ° C./sec or less.
- Winding temperature Over 580 °C ⁇ 700 °C
- the hot-rolled steel sheet after finish rolling is wound into a coil shape. If the coiling temperature is too high, the strength of the hot-rolled steel sheet becomes too low, and may be deformed by its own weight when coiled into a coil shape. For this reason, it is not preferable from an operational viewpoint. Therefore, the upper limit of the coiling temperature is set to 700 ° C. Preferably it is 690 degrees C or less. On the other hand, when the coiling temperature is too low, the hot-rolled steel sheet is hardened, which is not preferable. Therefore, the lower limit of the coiling temperature is set to exceed 580 ° C. Preferably it is 600 degreeC or more.
- Annealing temperature maintained at less than Ac 1 transformation point
- the hot-rolled steel sheet obtained as described above is subjected to annealing (cementite spheroidizing annealing).
- annealing temperature is the Ac less than 1 transformation point. It is preferably (Ac 1 transformation point ⁇ 10 ° C.) or less.
- the lower limit of the annealing temperature is not particularly defined, but the annealing temperature is preferably 600 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 700 ° C.
- the holding time in annealing is preferably 0.5 to 40 hours.
- the holding time at the annealing temperature is preferably 0.5 hours or more. More preferably, it is 5 hours or more.
- the holding time at the annealing temperature is preferably 40 hours or less. More preferably, it is 35 hours or less.
- first annealing After winding, it is heated to Ac 1 transformation point or more and Ac 3 transformation point or less and held for 0.5 h or more (first annealing), and then Ar 1 transformation point at an average cooling rate of 1 to 20 ° C./h. It is also possible to manufacture by two-stage annealing by cooling to less than Ar 1 and holding for 20 hours or more below the Ar 1 transformation point (second-stage annealing).
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is heated to the Ac 1 transformation point or higher and held for 0.5 h or longer, the relatively fine carbides precipitated in the hot-rolled steel sheet are dissolved and dissolved in the ⁇ phase, Thereafter, it is cooled to below the Ar 1 transformation point at an average cooling rate of 1 to 20 ° C./h, and kept at 20 h or more below the Ar 1 transformation point, thereby precipitating solid solution C with relatively coarse undissolved carbides as nuclei.
- the dispersion of the carbide (cementite) can be controlled such that the ratio of the number of cementites having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less to the total number of cementites is 12% or less.
- the dispersion form of carbide is controlled and the steel sheet is softened.
- the high carbon steel sheet which is the subject of the present invention, it is important to control the dispersion form of carbides after annealing for softening.
- the high carbon hot-rolled steel sheet is heated to the Ac 1 transformation point or more and the Ac 3 transformation point or less and held (first-stage annealing) to dissolve fine carbides and C to ⁇ (austenite). Dissolve inside.
- the ⁇ / ⁇ interface and undissolved carbide existing in the temperature range above the Ac 1 transformation point become nucleation sites and are relatively coarse. Carbides precipitate.
- the atmospheric gas for annealing any of nitrogen, hydrogen, and a mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen can be used.
- the annealing temperature is less than the Ac 1 transformation point, the austenite transformation does not occur, so the carbide cannot be dissolved in the austenite.
- the holding time at the Ac 1 transformation point or higher is less than 0.5 h, fine carbides cannot be sufficiently dissolved. Therefore, as the first stage annealing, heating to the Ac 1 transformation point or higher is performed. And hold for 0.5 h or longer. Meanwhile, since the annealing temperature of the first stage Ac 3 rod-like cementite after annealing and becomes transformation point than does a number obtained by obtained a predetermined elongation, the Ac 3 following transformation point.
- the holding time is preferably 10 hours or less.
- Cooling to below the Ar 1 transformation point at an average cooling rate of 1 to 20 ° C./h After the above-described first stage annealing, the cooling temperature is below 1 to 20 ° C./h below the Ar 1 transformation point, which is the temperature range of the second stage annealing. Cool at an average cooling rate of.
- C discharged from the austenite with the transformation of austenite ⁇ ferrite precipitates as relatively coarse spherical carbides with the ⁇ / ⁇ interface and undissolved carbides as nucleation sites. In this cooling, it is necessary to adjust the cooling rate so that pearlite is not generated.
- the cooling rate from the first stage annealing to the second stage annealing is less than 1 ° C./h, the production efficiency is poor, so the cooling rate is set to 1 ° C./h or more.
- the temperature is set to 20 ° C./h or less.
- the annealing temperature in the second stage is preferably set to 660 ° C. or higher in order to sufficiently grow carbide, and the holding time is preferably set to 30 h or less from the viewpoint of production efficiency. .
- the Ac 3 transformation point, Ac 1 transformation point, Ar 3 transformation point, and Ar 1 transformation point described above can be determined by actual measurement by thermal expansion measurement or electrical resistance measurement at the time of heating or cooling at the time of a four master test or the like. it can.
- a test piece was collected from the hot-rolled annealed plate thus obtained, and the microstructure, the amount of solute Cr, hardness, elongation, and quenching hardness were determined as follows.
- the Ac 3 transformation point, Ac 1 transformation point, Ar 1 transformation point, and Ar 3 transformation point shown in Table 1 were obtained by a formaster test.
- Microstructure The microstructure of the annealed steel sheet was cut and polished from a specimen (size: 3 mmt ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm) taken from the center of the plate width, and then subjected to Nital corrosion, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) Were taken at a magnification of 3000 times at five locations in the center of the plate thickness. Each phase (ferrite, cementite, pearlite, etc.) was specified by image processing of the taken tissue photograph.
- ferrite and the area other than ferrite were binarized from the SEM image using image analysis software, and the area ratio of ferrite was obtained.
- each cementite diameter was evaluated for the photographed tissue photographs.
- the major axis and the minor axis were measured and converted to the equivalent circle diameter.
- the number of cementite having a circle equivalent diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less was measured, and the number of cementite having a circle equivalent diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less was determined.
- the number of all cementite was calculated
- the ratio of the number of cementites having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less to the total number of cementites ((number of cementites having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less / total number of cementites) ⁇ 100 (%)) was determined.
- the “ratio of the number of cementites having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less” may be simply referred to as cementite having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the average grain size of the ferrite was obtained from the photographed structure photograph using the crystal grain size evaluation method (cutting method) defined in JIS G 0551.
- a flat plate test piece (width 15 mm x length 40 mm x plate thickness 3 mm) is taken from the center of the steel plate width after annealing, and subjected to quenching treatment by oil cooling at 70 ° C as follows, and quenching hardness (subdued hardenability) )
- the quenching treatment was performed by a method (70 ° C. oil cooling) in which the flat plate test piece was held at 900 ° C. for 600 s and immediately cooled with 70 ° C. oil.
- the quenching hardness was measured by measuring 5 points on the cut surface of the test piece after the quenching treatment with a Vickers hardness tester at a 1/4 plate thickness and a center portion of the plate thickness under a load of 1 kgf, and averaging Hardness was calculated
- Hardness of steel plate after carburizing and quenching (carburizing quenchability)
- the annealed steel sheet was subjected to carburizing and quenching treatment such as soaking, carburizing, and diffusion treatment of the steel at 930 ° C. for a total time of 4 hours, held at 850 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then oil cooled (oil cooling temperature: 60 ° C).
- the hardness was measured at 0.1 mm intervals from the steel sheet surface to a position of 0.1 mm depth and a position of 1.2 mm depth at a load of 1 kgf, and the hardness of the surface layer at the time of carburizing and quenching was 0.1 mm ( HV) and effective hardened layer depth (mm).
- the effective hardened layer depth is defined as a depth at which the hardness is measured from the surface after the heat treatment and becomes 550 HV or more.
- Table 4 shows acceptable criteria for hardenability according to the C content, which can be evaluated as having sufficient hardenability.
- 70 degree C oil-cooled post-cooling hardness (HV), hardness (HV) at a depth of 0.1 mm surface at the time of carburizing and quenching, and effective hardening depth all satisfy the criteria in Table 4 and pass (symbol: It was determined that it was excellent in hardenability. On the other hand, when any of the values did not satisfy the criteria shown in Table 4, it was judged as rejected (indicated by symbol: x) and evaluated as inferior in hardenability.
- the high carbon hot rolled steel sheet of the present invention example has a structure composed of ferrite and cementite in which the ratio of the number of cementites having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or less to the total number of cementites is 12% or less. It is found that the hardness is 73 or less in HRB and the total elongation (El) is 37% or more, which is excellent in cold workability and excellent in hardenability. On the other hand, in the comparative example that is out of the scope of the present invention, any one or more of the structure, hardness (HRB), total elongation (El), cold workability, and hardenability cannot satisfy the above target performance.
- steel O has a C content lower than the range of the present invention, so it does not satisfy the hardenability.
- steel P has a C content higher than the range of the present invention, it does not satisfy the hardness and elongation characteristics of the steel sheet.
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Abstract
Description
[1]質量%で、C:0.10%以上0.20%未満、Si:0.5%以下、Mn:0.25~0.65%、P:0.03%以下、S:0.010%以下、sol.Al:0.10%以下、N:0.0065%以下、Cr:0.05~0.50%、B:0.0005~0.005%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、フェライトとセメンタイトからなるミクロ組織を有し、さらに全セメンタイト数に対する円相当直径0.1μm以下のセメンタイト数の割合が12%以下であり、鋼板中に固溶しているCr量が0.03~0.50%であり、硬さがHRBで73以下、全伸びが37%以上である高炭素熱延鋼板。
[2]質量%で、さらに、Ti:0.06%以下を含有する[1]に記載の高炭素熱延鋼板。
[3]質量%で、さらに、Sb、Snのうち少なくとも1種を合計で0.002~0.03%を含有する[1]または[2]に記載の高炭素熱延鋼板。
[4]前記フェライトの平均粒径が5~15μmである[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の高炭素熱延鋼板。
[5]質量%で、さらに、Nb:0.0005~0.1%、Mo:0.0005~0.1%、Ta:0.0005~0.1%、Ni:0.0005~0.1%、Cu:0.0005~0.1%、V:0.0005~0.1%、W:0.0005~0.1%のいずれか1種または2種以上を含有する[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の高炭素熱延鋼板。
[6][1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の高炭素熱延鋼板の製造方法であって、鋼を熱間粗圧延後、仕上圧延終了温度:Ar3変態点以上で仕上圧延を行い、その後平均冷却速度:20~100℃/secで700℃まで冷却し、巻取温度:580℃超~700℃で巻き取り常温まで冷却した後、焼鈍温度:Ac1変態点未満で保持する高炭素熱延鋼板の製造方法。
[7][1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の高炭素熱延鋼板の製造方法であって、鋼を熱間粗圧延後、仕上圧延終了温度:Ar3変態点以上で仕上圧延を行い、その後平均冷却速度:20~100℃/secで700℃まで冷却し、巻取温度:580超~700℃で巻き取り常温まで冷却した後、Ac1変態点以上Ac3変態点以下に加熱して0.5h以上保持し、次いで1~20℃/hの平均冷却速度でAr1変態点未満に冷却して、Ar1変態点未満で20h以上保持する高炭素熱延鋼板の製造方法。
本発明の高炭素熱延鋼板の成分組成と、その限定理由について説明する。なお、以下の成分組成の含有量の単位である「%」は、特に断らない限り「質量%」を意味するものとする。
Cは、焼入れ後の強度を得るために重要な元素である。C量が0.10%未満の場合、成形した後の熱処理によって所望の硬さが得られないため、C量は0.10%以上にする必要がある。しかし、C量が0.20%以上では硬質化し、靭性や冷間加工性が劣化する。したがって、C量は0.10%以上0.20%未満とする。形状が複雑でプレス加工の難しい部品の冷間加工に用いる場合には、C量は0.18%以下、さらには0.15%未満とすることが好ましい。
Siは、固溶強化により強度を上昇させる元素である。Si量の増加とともに硬質化し、冷間加工性が劣化するため、Si量は0.5%以下とする。好ましくは0.45%以下、さらに好ましくは0.40%以下である。
Mnは、焼入れ性を向上させるとともに、固溶強化により強度を上昇させる元素である。0.25%未満になるとズブ焼入れ性および浸炭焼入れ性ともに低下し始めるため、Mn量は0.25%以上とする。好ましくは0.30%以上である。一方、Mn量が0.65%を超えると、Mnの偏析に起因したバンド組織が発達し、組織が不均一になり、かつ固溶強化により鋼が硬質化し冷間加工性が低下する。したがって、Mn量は0.65%以下とする。好ましくは0.55%以下である。
Pは、固溶強化により強度を上昇させる元素である。P量が0.03%を超えて増加すると粒界脆化を招き、焼入れ後の靭性が劣化する。また、冷間加工性も低下させる。したがって、P量は0.03%以下とする。優れた焼入れ後の靭性を得るには、P量は0.02%以下が好ましい。Pは冷間加工性および焼入れ後の靭性を低下させるため、P量は少ないほど好ましい。しかしながら、過度にPを低減すると精錬コストが増大するため、P量は0.005%以上が好ましい。より好ましくは0.007%以上である。
Sは、硫化物を形成し、高炭素熱延鋼板の冷間加工性および焼入れ後の靭性を低下させるため、低減しなければならない元素である。S量が0.010%を超えると、高炭素熱延鋼板の冷間加工性および焼入れ後の靭性が著しく劣化する。したがって、S量は0.010%以下とする。優れた冷間加工性および焼入れ後の靭性を得るには、S量は0.005%以下が好ましい。Sは、冷間加工性および焼入れ後の靭性を低下させるため、S量は少ないほど好ましい。しかしながら、過度にSを低減すると精錬コストが増大するため、S量は0.0005%以上が好ましい。
sol.Al量が0.10%を超えると、焼入れ処理の加熱時にAlNが生成されてオーステナイト粒が微細化し過ぎる。これにより、冷却時にフェライト相の生成が促進され、組織がフェライトとマルテンサイトとなり、焼入れ後の硬さが低下する。したがって、sol.Al量は、0.10%以下とする。好ましくは0.06%以下とする。なお、sol.Alは、脱酸の効果を有しており、十分に脱酸するためには、0.005%以上とすることが好ましい。
N量が0.0065%を超えると、AlNの形成により焼入れ処理の加熱時にオーステナイト粒が微細化し過ぎ、冷却時にフェライト相の生成が促進され、焼入れ後の硬さが低下する。したがって、N量は、0.0065%以下とする。より好ましくは0.0060%以下である。さらに好ましくは、0.0050%以下である。なお、下限はとくに規定しないが、Nは、AlN、Cr系窒化物およびB窒化物を形成する。これにより、焼入れ処理の加熱時にオーステナイト粒の成長を適度に抑制して、焼入れ後の靭性を向上させる元素である。このため、N量は0.0005%以上が好ましい。
本発明では、Crは、焼入れ性を高める重要な元素である。0.05%未満の含有の場合、十分な効果が認められないため、Cr量を0.05%以上とする必要がある。また、鋼中のCr量が0.05%未満であると、特に浸炭焼入れにおいて表層でフェライトが発生しやすくなり、完全焼入れ組織が得られず、硬度低下が起きる。高い焼入れ性を確保する観点から、好ましくは0.10%以上である。一方、Cr量が0.50%を超えると、焼入れ前の鋼板が硬質化して、冷間加工性が損なわれる。このため、Cr量は0.50%以下とする。なお、プレス成形の難しい高加工を必要とする部品を加工する際には、より一層優れた冷間加工性を必要とするため、Cr量は0.45%以下が好ましく、0.35%以下がより好ましい。
本発明では、Bは、焼入れ性を高める重要な元素である。B量が0.0005%未満の場合、十分な効果が認められないため、B量は0.0005%以上とする必要がある。好ましくは0.0010%以上である。一方、B量が0.005%超えの場合、仕上圧延後のオーステナイトの再結晶が遅延し、結果として熱延鋼板の集合組織が発達し、焼鈍後の異方性が大きくなり、絞り成形において耳が発生しやすくなる。このため、B量は0.005%以下とする。好ましくは0.004%以下である。
Tiは、焼入れ性を高めるために有効な元素である。CrおよびBの含有のみでは焼入れ性が不十分な場合に、Tiを含有することで、焼入れ性を向上させることができる。Ti量が0.005%未満では、その効果が認められないため、Tiを含有する場合、0.005%以上とする。より好ましくは0.007%以上である。一方、Ti量が0.06%を超えて含有すると、焼入れ前の鋼板が硬質化して冷間加工性が損なわれるため、Tiを含有する場合、0.06%以下とする。より好ましくは0.04%以下である。
Sb、Snは、鋼板表層からの浸窒抑制に有効な元素である。これら元素の1種以上の合計が0.002%未満の場合、十分な効果が認められないため、含有する場合は0.002%以上とする。より好ましくは0.005%以上である。一方、これらの元素の1種以上の合計が0.03%を超えて含有しても、浸窒防止効果は飽和する。また、これらの元素は、粒界に偏析する傾向があるため、合計で0.03%超えとすると、含有量が高くなりすぎ、粒界脆化を引き起こす可能性がある。したがって、Sb、Snのうち少なくとも1種を含有する場合、これらの元素の合計の含有量は、0.03%以下とする。より好ましくは0.02%以下である。
Nbは、炭窒化物を形成し、焼入れ前加熱時の結晶粒の異常粒成長の防止や靱性改善、焼戻し軟化抵抗改善に有効な元素である。0.0005%未満では含有させる効果は十分に発現しないため、下限を0.0005%とすることが好ましい。一方で、0.1%を超えると含有させる効果が飽和するだけでなく、Nb炭化物により母材の引張強度の増加に伴い伸びを低下させることになる。このため、上限を0.1%とすることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは0.05%以下であり、最も好ましくは0.03%未満である。
Moは焼入れ性の向上と、焼戻し軟化抵抗性の向上に有効な元素である。0.0005%未満では添加効果が小さいので、下限を0.0005%とする。0.1%を超えると添加効果は飽和し、コストも増加するため、上限を0.1%とする。さらに好ましくは0.05%以下であり、最も好ましくは0.03%未満である。
TaはNbと同様に炭窒化物を形成し、焼入れ前加熱時の結晶粒の異常粒成長防止や結晶粒の粗大化防止、焼戻し軟化抵抗改善に有効な元素である。0.0005%未満では添加効果が小さいので、下限を0.0005%とする。また、0.1%を超えると添加効果が飽和し、またコスト増や過剰な炭化物形成による焼入れ硬度を低下させることになるため、上限を0.1%に規定する。さらに好ましくは0.05%以下であり、最も好ましくは0.03%未満である。
Niは靱性の向上や焼入れ性の向上に効果の高い元素である。0.0005%未満では添加効果がないため、下限を0.0005%とする。0.1%超では、添加効果が飽和する上にコスト増加も招くため、上限を0.1%とする。さらに好ましい範囲は0.05%以下である。
Cuは焼入れ性の確保に有効な元素である。0.0005%未満では添加効果が十分に確認されないため、下限を0.0005%とする。0.1%超では、熱延時の疵が発生しやすくなり歩留りを落とすなど製造性を劣化させるので、上限を0.1%とする。さらに好ましい範囲は0.05%以下である。
VはNbやTaと同様に、炭窒化物を形成し、焼入れ前加熱時の結晶粒の異常粒成長防止および靱性改善、焼戻し軟化抵抗改善に有効な元素である。0.0005%未満では添加効果は十分に発現しないため、下限を0.0005%とする。0.1%を超えると添加効果が飽和するだけでなく、V炭化物により母材の引張強度の増加に伴い伸びを低下させることになるため、上限を0.1%とする。さらに好ましくは0.05%以下であり、最も好ましくは0.03%未満である。
WはNb、Vと同様に、炭窒化物を形成し、焼入れ前加熱時のオーステナイト粒の異常粒成長防止や焼き戻し軟化抵抗改善に有効な元素である。0.0005%未満では添加効果が小さいので、下限を0.0005%に規定する。0.1%を超えると添加効果が飽和し、また、コスト増や過剰な炭化物形成による焼入れ硬度を低下させることになるため、上限を0.1%に規定する。さらに好ましくは0.05%以下であり、最も好ましくは0.03%未満である。
本発明の高炭素熱延鋼板のミクロ組織の限定理由について説明する。
円相当直径が0.1μm以下のセメンタイト数が多いと分散強化により硬質化し、伸びが低下する。本発明では、円相当直径が0.1μm以下のセメンタイト数を、全セメンタイト数に対して12%以下とすることで、硬さがHRBで73以下、全伸び(El)が37%以上を達成することができる。冷間加工性の観点から、好ましくは、円相当直径が0.1μm以下のセメンタイト数が、全セメンタイト数に対して10%以下である。なお、円相当直径が0.1μm以下のセメンタイト数の割合を定義した理由は、0.1μm以下のセメンタイトでは分散強化能を生じ、その大きさのセメンタイトが増えると冷間加工性に支障をきたすためである。
冷却速度の遅いズブ焼入れでは、厚物材でも板厚中心部まで焼入れ組織を確保する観点より、連続冷却変態図に記載されているフェライト変態ノーズをできるだけ長時間側にもっていく必要がある。Crは、セメンタイト中へ溶け込みやすく、かつ鋼中での拡散速度が小さいため、一旦セメンタイト内に溶け込まれると焼入れ時にオーステナイト域まで加熱しても均一に固溶し難い。そのため、鋼板中に固溶しているCr量、すなわち鋼板中の固溶Cr量を0.03%以上確保することで高いズブ焼入れ性を確保でき、かつ高い浸炭焼入れ性も確保することができる。したがって、固溶Cr量は0.03%以上とする。好ましくは0.12%以上である。一方、固溶Cr量が増加するとセメンタイトの球状化が遅くなり、焼鈍時間が長くなり生産性が低下するため、固溶Cr量は0.50%以下とする。好ましくは、固溶Cr量は0.30%以下である。
フェライトの平均粒径は、5μm未満では冷間加工前の強度が増加し、プレス成形性が劣化する。このため、フェライトの平均粒径は5μm以上が好ましい。一方、フェライトの平均粒径が15μmを超えると、母材強度が低下する。また、目的とする製品形状に成型加工後、焼入れせずに使用する領域では、ある程度母材の強度が必要である。そのため、フェライト平均粒径は、15μm以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは6μm以上である。さらに好ましくは12μm以下である。
本発明の高炭素熱延鋼板は、ギア、トランスミッション、シートリクライナーなどの自動車用部品用として、冷間プレスで成形するため、優れた冷間加工性が必要である。また、焼入れ処理により硬さを大きくして、耐磨耗性を付与する必要がある。そのため、本発明の高炭素熱延鋼板は、鋼板の硬さを低減してHRBで73以下とし、かつ伸びを高めて全伸び(El)を37%以上とすることで、優れた冷間加工性を有するとともに、優れた焼入れ性(ズブ焼入れ性、浸炭焼入れ性)を両立させることができる。
本発明の高炭素熱延鋼板は、上記のような組成の鋼を素材とし、熱間粗圧延後、仕上圧延終了温度:Ar3変態点以上で仕上圧延を行い、その後平均冷却速度:20~100℃/secで700℃まで冷却し、巻取温度:580℃超~700℃で巻き取り、常温まで冷却した後、Ac1変態点未満で保持する焼鈍を行うことにより製造される。または、上記のような組成の鋼を素材とし、熱間粗圧延後、仕上圧延終了温度:Ar3変態点以上で仕上圧延を行い、その後平均冷却速度:20~100℃/secで700℃まで冷却し、巻取温度:580℃超~700℃で巻き取り、常温まで冷却した後、Ac1変態点以上Ac3変態点以下に加熱して0.5h以上保持し、次いで1~20℃/hの平均冷却速度でAr1変態点未満に冷却して、Ar1変態点未満で20h以上保持する2段焼鈍により製造される。
仕上圧延終了温度がAr3変態点未満では、熱間圧延後および焼鈍後に粗大なフェライト粒が形成され、伸びが著しく低下する。このため、仕上圧延終了温度は、Ar3変態点以上とする。好ましくは(Ar3変態点+20℃)以上とする。なお、仕上圧延終了温度の上限は、特に規定する必要はないが、仕上圧延後の冷却を円滑に行うためには、1000℃以下とすることが好ましい。
仕上圧延後、700℃までの平均冷却速度は巻取後の鋼板中の固溶Cr量に影響する。巻取後の焼鈍工程において一部の固溶Crがセメンタイトへ溶解するため、巻取後の段階では所定の固溶Cr量を確保する必要があり、そのためには仕上圧延後、20℃/sec以上で冷却する必要がある。平均冷却速度が20℃/sec未満では仕上圧延後に存在する固溶Crがセメンタイト中に溶解し、所定の固溶Cr量が得られなくなる。好ましくは25℃/sec以上である。一方、平均冷却速度が100℃/secを超えると焼鈍後に所定のサイズを有するセメンタイトが得られにくくなるため、100℃/sec以下とする。
仕上圧延後の熱延鋼板は、コイル形状に巻き取られる。巻取温度が高すぎると熱延鋼板の強度が低くなり過ぎて、コイル形状に巻き取られた際、コイルの自重で変形する場合がある。このため、操業上の観点から好ましくない。したがって、巻取温度の上限を700℃とする。好ましくは690℃以下である。一方、巻取温度が低すぎると熱延鋼板が硬質化するため、好ましくない。したがって、巻取温度の下限を580℃超とする。好ましくは600℃以上である。
上記のようにして得た熱延鋼板に、焼鈍(セメンタイトの球状化焼鈍)を施す。焼鈍温度がAc1変態点以上であると、オーステナイトが析出し、焼鈍後の冷却過程において粗大なパーライト組織が形成され、不均一な組織となる。このため、焼鈍温度は、Ac1変態点未満とする。好ましくは(Ac1変態点-10℃)以下である。なお、焼鈍温度の下限は特に定めないが、所定のセメンタイト分散状態を得るには、焼鈍温度は600℃以上が好ましく、より好ましくは700℃以上である。なお、雰囲気ガスは、窒素、水素、窒素と水素の混合ガスのいずれも使用できる。また、焼鈍における保持時間は、0.5~40時間とすることが好ましい。焼鈍温度における保持時間が0.5時間未満であると、焼鈍の効果が乏しく、本発明の目標とする組織が得られず、その結果、本発明の目標とする鋼板の硬さおよび伸びが得られない。したがって、焼鈍温度における保持時間は0.5時間以上が好ましい。より好ましくは5時間以上である。一方、焼鈍温度における保持時間が40時間を超えると、生産性が低下し、製造コストが過大となる。そのため、焼鈍温度における保持時間は、40時間以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは35時間以下である。
熱延鋼板をAc1変態点以上の焼鈍温度に加熱することにより、鋼板組織のフェライトの一部をオーステナイトに変態させ、フェライト中に析出していた微細な炭化物を溶解させ、Cをオーステナイト中に固溶させる。一方、オーステナイトに変態せずに残ったフェライトは高温で焼鈍されるため、転位密度が減少して軟化する。また、フェライト中には溶解しなかった比較的粗大な炭化物(未溶解炭化物)が残存するが、オストワルド成長によりより粗大になる。焼鈍温度がAc1変態点未満では、オーステナイト変態が生じないため、炭化物をオーステナイト中に固溶させることができない。また、本発明では、Ac1変態点以上での保持時間が0.5h未満では微細な炭化物を十分に溶解することができない、このため、1段目の焼鈍として、Ac1変態点以上に加熱して0.5h以上保持することとする。一方、1段目の焼鈍温度がAc3変態点超になると焼鈍後に棒状のセメンタイトが多数得られて所定の伸びが得られないため、Ac3変態点以下とする。また、保持時間は10h以下とすることが好ましい。
上記した1段目の焼鈍の後、2段目の焼鈍の温度域であるAr1変態点未満に、1~20℃/hの平均冷却速度で冷却する。冷却途中に、オーステナイト→フェライト変態に伴いオーステナイトから吐き出されるCが、α/γ界面や未溶解炭化物を核生成サイトとして、比較的粗大な球状炭化物として析出する。この冷却においては、パーライトが生成しないように冷却速度を調整する必要がある。1段目の焼鈍後、2段目の焼鈍までの冷却速度が、1℃/h未満では生産効率が悪いため、該冷却速度は1℃/h以上とする。一方、20℃/hを超えて大きくなると、パーライトが析出し、硬度が高くなるため、20℃/h以下とする。
上記した1段目の焼鈍後、所定の冷却速度で冷却してAr1変態点未満で保持することで、オストワルド成長により、粗大な球状炭化物をさらに成長させ、微細な炭化物を消失させる。Ar1変態点未満での保持時間が20h未満では、炭化物を十分に成長させることができず、焼鈍後の硬度が大きくなりすぎる。このため、2段目の焼鈍はAr1変態点未満で20h以上保持とする。なお、特に限定するものではないが、2段目の焼鈍温度は炭化物を十分成長させるため660℃以上とすることが好ましく、また、保持時間は生産効率の観点から、30h以下とすることが好ましい。
焼鈍後の鋼板のミクロ組織は、板幅中央部から採取した試験片(大きさ:3mmt×10mm×10mm)を切断研磨後、ナイタール腐食を施し、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて、板厚中央部の5箇所で3000倍の倍率で撮影した。撮影した組織写真を画像処理により各相(フェライト、セメンタイト、パーライトなど)を特定した。
下記参考文献に記載されている方法と同じ手法で、固溶Cr量を求めた。
[参考文献]城代哲史、石田智治、猪瀬国生、藤本京子,鉄と鋼,vol.99 (2013) No.5, p.362-365
(3)鋼板の硬さ
焼鈍後の鋼板(原板)の板幅中央部から試料を採取し、ロックウェル硬度計(Bスケール)を用いて表層を5点測定し、平均値を求めて、硬さ(HRB)とした。
焼鈍後の鋼板(原板)から、圧延方向に対して0°の方向(L方向)に切り出したJIS5号引張試験片を用いて、10mm/分で引張試験を行い、破断したサンプルを突き合わせて全伸びを求めた。その結果を、全伸び(El)とした。
焼鈍後の鋼板の板幅中央から平板試験片(幅15mm×長さ40mm×板厚3mm)を採取し、以下のように70℃油冷により焼入れ処理を施して、焼入れ硬さ(ズブ焼入れ性)を求めた。焼入れ処理は、上記平板試験片を用いて900℃で600s保持して直ちに70℃の油で冷却する方法(70℃油冷)で実施した。焼入れ硬さは、焼入れ処理後の試験片の切断面について、1/4板厚と板厚中央部にてビッカース硬さ試験機で荷重1kgfの条件下で、硬さを5点測定し、平均硬さを求め、これを焼入れ硬さ(HV)とした。
焼鈍後の鋼板について、930℃で鋼の均熱、浸炭処理、拡散処理といった浸炭焼入れ処理を合計時間4時間で行い、850℃で30分保持した後、油冷した(油冷の温度:60℃)。鋼板表面からの深さ0.1mmの位置と深さ1.2mmの位置まで0.1mm間隔にて硬さを荷重1kgfの条件下で測定し、浸炭焼入れ時の表層0.1mmの硬さ(HV)と有効硬化層深さ(mm)を求めた。有効硬化層深さとは、熱処理後表面から硬さを測定し、550HV以上となる深さと定義する。
Claims (7)
- 質量%で、C:0.10%以上0.20%未満、
Si:0.5%以下、
Mn:0.25~0.65%、
P:0.03%以下、
S:0.010%以下、
sol.Al:0.10%以下、
N:0.0065%以下、
Cr:0.05~0.50%、
B:0.0005~0.005%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、フェライトとセメンタイトからなるミクロ組織を有し、さらに全セメンタイト数に対する円相当直径0.1μm以下のセメンタイト数の割合が12%以下であり、鋼板中に固溶しているCr量が0.03~0.50%であり、硬さがHRBで73以下、全伸びが37%以上である高炭素熱延鋼板。 - 質量%で、さらにTi:0.06%以下を含有する請求項1に記載の高炭素熱延鋼板。
- 質量%で、さらに、Sb、Snのうち少なくとも1種を合計で0.002~0.03%を含有する請求項1または2に記載の高炭素熱延鋼板。
- 前記フェライトの平均粒径が5~15μmである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の高炭素熱延鋼板。
- 質量%で、さらに、Nb:0.0005~0.1%、Mo:0.0005~0.1%、Ta:0.0005~0.1%、Ni:0.0005~0.1%、Cu:0.0005~0.1%、V:0.0005~0.1%、W:0.0005~0.1%のいずれか1種または2種以上を含有する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の高炭素熱延鋼板。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の高炭素熱延鋼板の製造方法であって、鋼を熱間粗圧延後、仕上圧延終了温度:Ar3変態点以上で仕上圧延を行い、その後平均冷却速度:20~100℃/secで700℃まで冷却し、巻取温度:580℃超~700℃で巻き取り常温まで冷却した後、焼鈍温度:Ac1変態点未満で保持する高炭素熱延鋼板の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の高炭素熱延鋼板の製造方法であって、鋼を熱間粗圧延後、仕上圧延終了温度:Ar3変態点以上で仕上圧延を行い、その後平均冷却速度:20~100℃/secで700℃まで冷却し、巻取温度:580℃超~700℃で巻き取り常温まで冷却した後、Ac1変態点以上Ac3変態点以下に加熱して0.5h以上保持し、次いで1~20℃/hの平均冷却速度でAr1変態点未満に冷却して、Ar1変態点未満で20h以上保持する高炭素熱延鋼板の製造方法。
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| CN115181905B (zh) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-09-15 | 首钢集团有限公司 | 一种齿轮用钢及其生产方法 |
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| US20210054477A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
| EP3748030A4 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
| US11434542B2 (en) | 2022-09-06 |
| KR20200097806A (ko) | 2020-08-19 |
| MX2020007992A (es) | 2020-09-09 |
| KR102396706B1 (ko) | 2022-05-10 |
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| CN111655893A (zh) | 2020-09-11 |
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