WO2019146561A1 - Tea growth promotion method - Google Patents

Abstract

Proposed, as a new method for promoting the growth of tea, is a tea growth promotion method wherein the surfaces of tea leaves or tea plants are heated.

Description

Tea growth promotion method

The present invention relates to a method for promoting tea growth.

As a method for promoting the growth of plants including tea, methods of applying chemical fertilizers and agriculturally or horticultural materials chemically synthesized or produced are conventionally known.
However, many of such chemically synthesized or produced agricultural and horticultural materials show strong and immediate effects, and while they show remarkable effects in the short term, they are effective when used extensively. Degradation, acidification of the soil, environmental pollution due to residual components, and adverse effects due to accumulation in humans and livestock etc. may become problems. Therefore, a method for growing plants without using chemically synthesized or manufactured agricultural and horticultural materials has been required.

For example, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-256110), a mixture of amino acids (L-theanine etc.), cytokinin (Kinetin etc.), auxins (indole acetic acid etc.) and vitamins is watered from the root to tea tree A method of promoting the growth of tea plants by foliar application is disclosed.

Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-068867) discloses a granular fertilizer which is excellent in nitrogen slow release, does not degrade the soil and surrounding environment, and causes agricultural and horticultural plants to grow well.
Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-322003) discloses a granular composition obtained by extrusion granulation method by blending an agriculturally active component and high purity lime powder as essential raw material components as organic agricultural materials and A method of manufacture is disclosed.

Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-232764) discloses a colloidal aqueous solution formed by blending and mixing silicon carbide, water and bittern in a predetermined ratio as a growth promoter for plants. .

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 06-256110 JP, 2002-068867, A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-322003 JP 2006-232764 A

Among permanent crops, tea is a special kind of crop, and has characteristics of harvesting tea leaves several times a year. The plucking time varies depending on the region. For example, in Shizuoka Prefecture, after plucking of the first tea from mid April to the middle of May, 45 to 50 days after the first tea plucking, the next sprout passes Wait for growth, then pluck the second tea, and wait about three months until the fall, then pluck the fall winter tea. Tea farmers manage their tea trees closely in order to improve the amount of tea harvested at each harvest period from the first tea to the bancha.

It is known that the yield of tea leaves at each plucking time largely depends on the amount of fertilizer applied, and as the amount of fertilizer applied increases, the growth of tea leaves is promoted and the yield increases.
However, there is a limit to the amount of fertilizer that can be absorbed by tea leaves and trees even if more fertilizer is applied more than a certain amount, and applying more fertilizer than necessary will damage the roots of tea, resulting in a significant decrease in absorption utilization rate, A vicious cycle of applying more fertilizers to compensate for that would occur, and there was a limit to the yield of tea leaves depending on the amount of fertilizer applied. In addition, the unabsorbed fertilizer components flow out of the tea plantation, causing other problems, such as contaminating nearby rivers.

Therefore, the present invention proposes a new method for promoting the growth of tea which can promote the growth of tea by a method different from the method of applying agriculturally and horticultural materials and fertilizers which are chemically synthesized or produced. It is a thing.

The present invention proposes a method for promoting the growth of tea, which comprises heating the surface of a tea leaf to a tea tree.

According to the method for promoting the growth of tea proposed by the present invention, it is possible to promote the growth of tea, especially tea leaves, tea trees, tea sprouts, etc. without applying chemically synthesized or manufactured agricultural and horticultural materials or fertilizers. It is possible to increase the yield of tea leaves in the desired tea season.

Next, the present invention will be described based on an embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

<Promotion of this growth>
A method for promoting tea growth according to an embodiment of the present invention (referred to as "the present growth promoting method") is characterized in that the surface of tea leaves or tea trees is heated (this treatment is referred to as "heat treatment"). It is a method.

(Target tea leaves to tea trees)
As tea leaves or tea trees targeted by this growth promotion method, tea leaves or tea trees cultivated for the purpose of extracting extracted tea leaves or tea leaf processed products into a liquid and drinking the liquid (these are collectively referred to as “tea It may be ")". It may be tea leaves or tea trees cultivated for the purpose of eating plucked tea leaves.
The tea leaves and tea trees mean tea leaves and tea trees or both.
Specifically, for example, tea leaves or tea trees for cultivating green tea, covering tea, gourd, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and other teas for beverages can be mentioned.

(Heating temperature and time)
In the present growth promoting method, it is preferable to heat so that the surface of tea leaves or tea plants reach 45 ° C to 55 ° C.
It is effective for promoting the growth of tea leaves if it is heated so that the surface temperature of tea leaves or tea trees reach 45 ° C. or higher, but if it is heating so as to reach 55 ° C. or less, the occurrence of thermal damage should be prevented. Can.
From this point of view, it is preferable to heat so that the surface of the tea leaves or tea trees reach 45 ° C to 55 ° C, and in particular heating to reach 46 ° C or more or 53 ° C or less, among them 50 ° C or more or 52 ° C or less It is particularly preferred to
Under the present circumstances, the surface temperature of tea leaf thru | or tea tree can be adjusted with the temperature and contact time of the heating medium made to contact tea leaf thru | or tea tree.

In the present growth promoting method, it is preferable to heat so that the surface of the tea leaves or tea trees maintain the above-mentioned temperature, ie, 45 ° C. to 55 ° C., for 1 second or more.
Maintaining the above-mentioned temperature for 1 second or more is effective for promoting the growth of tea leaves, but if it is too long, thermal injury may occur.
From this point of view, it is preferable to heat so that the surface of the tea leaf or tea tree is maintained at 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. for 1 second or more, particularly 3 seconds or more or 10 seconds or less, among which 5 seconds or more or 6 seconds It is more preferable to heat as it does.

(Processing time)
In the method for promoting growth, the heat treatment of the surface of the tea leaves or tea trees as described above is carried out within 2 weeks, 1 week, and 1 day from the time when the tea leaves are picked or trimmed. Is preferred.

In addition, if the plucking of the said tea leaf is plucking for harvesting a tea leaf, it will not specifically limit. Among them, it is preferable to use plucking to harvest the first or second tea.
Moreover, the trimming of the said tea leaf means the cutting operation of the plucked surface performed after picking up a tea leaf. Among them, it is preferable that the first branch after tea-picking or the second branch after tea-picking.

Among the above, it is preferable to apply the present growth promotion method after plucking of the first tea and before plucking of the second tea. However, it may be carried out before plucking of the first tea, or may be carried out after plucking of the second tea.
Among them, it is preferable to carry out during the day 1 to 14 of plucking of the first tea, and among them, it is more preferable to carry out during the day of plucking to 7 days, and more preferably during the day of plucking to 3 days or less.
Plucking can damage tea plants, which can inhibit the growth of tea leaves and trees. Therefore, it is preferable to apply this growth promotion method immediately after tea picking.

Furthermore, it is particularly preferable to carry out between 10 days and 25 days from the first tea-picking date when the second-generation tea buds sprout, especially between 15 days and 20 days from the picking date.

It is preferable to carry out the heat treatment within 24 hours, particularly within 18 hours, and more preferably within 12 hours from the time of picking or arranging the tea leaves.

(frequency)
In the present growth promoting method, the heat treatment as described above is preferably performed once or more in a month immediately before plucking.
While it is effective for promoting the growth of tea leaves if done once or more in the month immediately before plucking, if the frequency is too high, thermal injury may occur or the production cost may become high.
Therefore, it is preferable to perform the treatment frequency twice or more in a month immediately before plucking, and more preferably twice or more or seven times or less, more preferably three times or six times or less. preferable.

From the same point of view, it is preferable to carry out at least once every two weeks, more than once or not more than three times, and more than once or not more than twice during the month immediately before plucking. It is more preferable to carry out.

(Heating method)
In this growth promotion method, as a means for heating the surface of tea leaves to tea trees, for example, a method of contacting heated misty water (also referred to as "heated mist") with the surfaces of tea leaves to tea trees, heated air for tea leaves There is a method of contacting with the surface of tea tree, a method of heating in the soil, and raising the surface temperature of tea leaf or tea tree.

(This steam heating method)
Among them, a method of heating the surface of tea leaves or tea trees by bringing heated misty water into contact with the surface of tea leaves or tea trees (hereinafter referred to as "the present steam heating method") is preferable.
The method of bringing the heated water in the form of mist into contact with the surface of the tea leaves or tea tree is, for example, bringing the heated water, ie, non-mist water, such as shower water into contact with the surface of the tea leaves or tea tree. As compared to the case where water is sprayed to contact the surface of a tea leaf or tea tree, the amount of water contacting the tea leaf or tea tree can be significantly reduced, so it is possible not only to suppress the occurrence of thermal damage, but also Since the amount of water supplied can be extremely reduced, this technology is particularly suitable for large-scale production such as growing tea in tea gardens. Specifically, it is a technology particularly suitable for tea gardens having a tea garden area of 1 ha or more. For example, in the method of showering water or spraying warm water, it is difficult not only in terms of equipment, but also because of the large amount of water to be sprayed to the tea garden, moisture damage due to water drainage and excess water occurs. The growth of new shoots may be deteriorated, the yield and quality may be reduced, and the mature leaves may be defoliated. On the other hand, according to the method in which the heated misty water is brought into contact with the surface of tea leaves or tea trees, such a problem can be solved.

Water used in this steam heating method may be, for example, water such as tap water, well water, city water, etc. Even if components such as minerals and chlorine are removed or drugs are added as needed. Good.

The “heated mist-like water” in the present vapor heating method may be any mist-like water that can be heated by being brought into contact with the surface of tea leaves or tea trees at a temperature higher than at least normal temperature. For example, the heated water may be atomized, or the atomized water may be heated, or the water vapor may be cooled.
For example, as a method of generating the above-mentioned "heated misty water", from the viewpoint of suppressing the usage of water and increasing the energy efficiency of the heat source, after generating steam by a boiler, contacting with a fixed amount of air By the method of cooling to a predetermined temperature. However, it is not limited to this method.

In this steam heating method, "heated atomized water", 1 m ³ per tea leaves or tea tree to, contacting a 100 ~ 3000L / "heated atomized water" of min eg mixed cooling steam It is more preferable to contact "heated misty water" such as mixed cooling water vapor, among them, preferably 120 L / min or more or 1500 L / min or less, and more preferably 150 L / min or more or 1000 L / min or less. Further, 1 m ³ per tea leaves or tea plant hand, as the water content, preferably to contact the "heated atomized water" for example, a mixed cooling steam 20 ~ 300 g, among others 30g more or 200g or less, among which More preferably, 40 g or more or 100 g or less of "heated mist water" such as mixed cooling steam is brought into contact.
In addition, the said mixed cooling water vapor | steam means the "heated mist-like water" formed by mixing air | atmosphere with water vapor | steam, and cooling to predetermined | prescribed temperature.

In the present vapor heating method, it is preferable to bring "heated misty water" into contact with the surface of tea leaves or tea trees for 1 second to 5 seconds.
If "heated misty water" is brought into contact with the surface of tea leaves or tea trees for 1 second or more, it is effective for promoting the growth of tea leaves, but if it is too long, it may cause thermal damage. is there.
From this point of view, it is preferable to heat so that the surface of the tea leaf or tea tree maintains 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. for at least 1 second, and more preferably 3 seconds or more or 10 seconds or less, among them 5 seconds or more or 6 seconds or less It is further preferred to heat to hold.

The temperature of the above-mentioned “heated misty water” is preferably a temperature such that the surface of the tea leaf or tea tree becomes 45 ° C. to 65 ° C. when in contact with the tea leaf or tea tree. By setting it in this range, the surface temperature of tea leaves or tea trees can be 45 to 55 ° C. as described above, and if it is 45 ° C. or more, the growth promoting effect of the present invention can be obtained. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of thermal injury of tea leaves.
From this point of view, the temperature of the above-mentioned “heated misty water” is preferably a temperature such that the surface of the tea leaf or tea tree becomes 45 ° C. to 65 ° C. when in contact with the tea leaf or tea tree. It is particularly preferable that the temperature is such that the temperature is not less than ° C or not more than 60 ° C, and more preferably not less than 50 ° C or not more than 55 ° C.

In addition, the temperature of the above-mentioned "heated misty water" should just be the temperature which the surface of the said tea leaf thru | or a tea tree will be 45 degreeC-65 degreeC when contacting with tea leaf thru | or a tea tree, It prepares in that way The temperature of the “heated misty water”, the jet speed thereof, the distance between the spray port for spraying it and the tea leaf or tree, the jet amount, etc. may be appropriately adjusted. Among them, the temperature of the above-mentioned “heated misty water” is preferably 45 to 100 ° C., particularly 48 ° C. or more or 80 ° C. or less, especially 49 ° C. or more or 60 ° C. or less, among them 50 ° C. or more More preferably, the temperature is 55 ° C. or less.

The time for which “heated misty water” is in contact with the surface of tea leaves or tea trees (referred to simply as “contact time”) is preferably adjusted in relation to the temperature of water.
As a rule of thumb, the product (A × h) of the temperature (A) of “heated misty water” and the contact time (h) is 45 ° C. × 6 S (seconds) to 55 ° C. × 15 S (seconds) Thus, it is preferable to adjust the temperature of the water to be in contact with the tea leaf and the contact time of the water to be in contact with the tea leaf.
For example, heat damage can be prevented while obtaining an excellent growth promoting effect by treating “heated misty water” at 45 ° C. so as to contact the tea leaf in a contact time of 6 seconds or less.
From this point of view, the product (A × h) of the temperature (A) of the “heated misty water” and the contact time (h) is 45 ° C. × 6 S (seconds) to 55 ° C. × 15 S (seconds) It is particularly preferable to adjust the temperature to be 46 ° C. × 6 S (seconds) or more or 53 ° C. × 12 S (seconds), particularly 50 ° C. × 3 S (seconds) or more or 52 ° C. × 10 S (seconds) preferable.

Furthermore, {Temperature A (° C.) −30 ° C. of “heated mist water” ^ 2 × {time h (seconds) to bring the heated leaf water into contact with the tea leaf} 100 Hereinafter, the temperature A (° C.) of water to be brought into contact with the tea leaf and the time h for contacting the “heated mist of water” to the tea leaf so as to be 10 or more and 40 or less, among them 12 or more and 30 or less By adjusting the second), the growth promoting effect can be obtained in a shorter time.

In the present vapor heating method, the speed at which “heated misty water” is sprayed is preferably 2.0 m / s to 10.0 m / s. By setting this range, it is possible to prevent the spread of heated misty water and the excessive contact with tea leaves.
From this point of view, the speed at which “heated misty water” is sprayed is preferably 2.0 m / s to 10.0 m / s, and more preferably 3.0 m / s or more or 9.0 m / s. In the following, it is particularly preferable that the pressure be 4.0 m / s or more or 8.0 m / s or less.

In the present vapor heating method, the above-mentioned “heated misty water” is preferably brought into contact with the tea leaves of the surface part of the leaf layer of at least tea leaves or tea trees, and in particular for the tea leaves of the bud part to be plucked More preferably, contact is made.
By contacting the tea leaves on the surface of the leaf layer, the growth of tea leaves can be promoted. Moreover, the growth of a bud can also be promoted by making the tea leaf of the bud part used as a plucking object contact.

Among them, contact with the cut surface of the stem is preferable, and contact with a young leaf in which hair follicles are present is preferable. In addition, it is preferable to contact the hardened leaf which is generally lower than the plucked surface, which is generally referred to as "parent leaf", and further to contact the branch, and further to contact the trunk. preferable.
Contacting the "heated misty water" with the cut surface of the stem is effective for the growth of tea leaves and tea shoots. Moreover, it is effective in the growth promotion of a tea tree by making the said "heated misty water" also contact a parent leaf, a branch, and a trunk | trunk.

<Production method of tea>
Tea trees are grown while applying this growth promotion method, and 2 to 3 of the 1st tea (3-May), 2nd tea (July-7th), 3rd tea (July-8th), and autumn-winter bancha (autumn) Plucking should be done at intervals for four periods.
For example, in Kagoshima prefecture, the first tea plucking period is from the middle of April to the end of May, and it takes about 45 to 50 days after the first tea plucking to wait for the next sprout to grow, and then take the second tea It is usual to pluck the third tea in 40 to 45 days after plucking the second tea, and pluck the fourth tea in 50 to 60 days after the third tea plucking. Therefore, as described above, it is preferable to carry out the present growth promotion method as described above within 2 weeks, especially within 1 week, and more preferably within 1 day from the time of picking or arranging each branch.

Plucked tea leaves are steamed with steam in a rough tea factory to inactivate (oxidize) oxidative enzymes contained in fresh tea leaves, then roasted with crude koji, roasted egg, medium koji and semidzu, etc. After being processed to rough tea through the process of (1), it may be further processed according to the use.

<Explanation of the phrase>
In the present specification, when expressing as “X to Y” (where X and Y are arbitrary numbers), “preferably more than X” or “preferably Y” with the meaning of “X or more and Y or less” unless otherwise stated. Also includes the meaning of "smaller".
Also, when expressed as “X or more” (X is an arbitrary number) or “Y or less” (Y is an arbitrary number), “greater than X is preferable” or “preferably less than Y” It also includes the intention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples and comparative examples.

<Test 1>
The relationship between heat treatment and the growth promotion effect of tea leaves and tea trees was verified.

(Examination zone 1)
In a field in Shizuoka Prefecture, a 45 ° C heating mist is prepared for the tea variety "Yabukita" and sprayed for 6 seconds against tea trees and tea leaves using a commercially available nozzle (20 heads), The surface temperature (leaf surface temperature) of tea leaves was measured, and the yield was calculated from the amount of plucking per unit area (kg) as the amount of harvesting of plucked tea leaves.

At this time, the 45 ° C. heating mist, that is, the heated misty water, is mixed with water vapor (90 ° C. or more) generated using a commercial boiler ALIII (manufactured by Marubun Mfg. Co.) and the atmosphere in a mixer, and released from the nozzle The temperature of the mixed gas of the vapor atmosphere to be measured was measured, and the amount of air taken in by the mixer was adjusted based on the measured temperature to obtain a heated mist (also referred to as "cooled steam") of the target temperature. The temperature of the heating mist was indicated as "water vapor temperature".
The surface temperature of tea leaves was measured using an infrared radiation thermometer (SK-8700II, manufactured by Sato Keiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) to measure the surface temperature of the parent leaves located on the surface of the leaf layer.
Also, shown was sprayed against 1 m ³ per tea leaves to tea plants, the amount of heat amount of mist i.e. heated atomized water (L / min) and water content (g) in Table 1.

(Examination zone 2-12)
In the field in Shizuoka Prefecture, "Cooled water vapor", that is, heated mist of the temperature in Table 1 prepared for the tea variety "Yabukita" in the same manner as in the test zone 1, , The treatment which makes the leaf surface temperature the temperature shown in Table 1 by spraying only for the treatment time shown in Table 1, the bileaf stage (April 22) before the first tea-plucking, and / or the plucking one week ago (April It carried out at the timing of 26th).
And, on the first tea picking date (May 3rd), the results of measuring the harvest amount (repayment) of tea leaves picked are shown in Table 1.
Also, shown was sprayed against 1 m ³ per tea leaves to tea plants, the amount of heat amount of mist i.e. heated atomized water (L / min) and water content (g) in Table 1.

(Examination zone 13)
The test zone 13 is an untreated zone in which the heating mist is not sprayed to the tea tree and the tea leaves, and is the same as the testing zones 1 to 12 except that the treatment is not performed with the heating mist.

<Result>
In the non-treated test area, it was not possible to directly compare the growth promotion effects of tea leaves, since tea leaves could not be picked out, but tea leaves were treated by contacting with cooled water vapor, ie, heated mist. It has been confirmed that it is possible to promote the growth of and increase the yield.
In particular, in the test areas 9 to 12 in which “cooled steam”, that is, heated mist is brought into contact with tea trees and tea leaves at the timing (combined use) at the two-leaf stage and one week before plucking From the increase, it was confirmed that the growth promotion effect of the tea leaf can be obtained by bringing the “chilled steam”, ie, the heating mist, into contact with the tea tree and the tea leaf at the timing before the two-leaf stage and one week before plucking.
Also, in the two-leaf stage, “cooled steam”, that is, test areas 1 to 4 in which the heated mist was brought into contact with tea trees and tea leaves, and 1 week before plucking, that is, the test where “heated steam”, ie, heated mist was brought in contact with tea trees and tea leaves Comparing the 5 to 8 zones, there is more reversion of tea leaves in the test zone where “cooled water vapor”, ie, heated mist is brought into contact with the tea tree and leaves during the two-leaf period, so the processing timing of the growth promotion effect of tea leaves It was suggested that the two leaf stage was effective.

<Test 2>
The relationship between the number of heat treatments and the growth promotion effect of tea leaves and tea trees was examined.

(Examination zone 14-25)
In the field in Shizuoka Prefecture, "Cooled steam" at the temperature in Table 2 prepared in the same manner as Test Zone 1, ie, heated mist, was applied to tea varieties "Yabukita" in the same manner as Test Zone 1 against tea trees and tea leaves. The first treatment (May 10) from the first tea picking to the second tea picking, the first treatment (May 10); The treatments (May 23) and the third treatment (June 6) were performed a total of three times, and the influence on the yield of the second tea was examined.
And on the day of Nichiban tea plucking day (June 13), the result of having measured the amount of harvest (return) of the tea leaf plucked is shown in Table 2.
Also, shown was sprayed against 1 m ³ per tea leaves to tea plants, the amount of heat amount of mist i.e. heated atomized water (L / min) and water content (g) shown in Table 2.

(Examination zone 26)
The test zone 13 is an untreated zone in which the heating mist is not sprayed to the tea tree and the tea leaves, and is the same as the testing zones 14 to 25 except that the treatment is not performed with the heating mist.

<Result>
The heat treatment, especially “cooled steam”, that is, in all the test plots 14 to 25 in which the heated mist is brought into contact with the tea tree and tea leaves, the yield of tea leaves is increased over the test plot 26 which is not treated. From this, it was confirmed that the growth promotion effect of the tea leaf can be obtained by bringing the “cooled steam”, ie, the heating mist, into contact with the tea tree and the tea leaf.
In particular, it has been confirmed that the treatment of contacting "cooled steam", that is, heating mist, is more effective for promoting the growth of tea leaves by performing the treatment two to three times before picking tea leaves.
In the above embodiment, the process of bringing the "cooled steam" into contact is performed. However, with regard to the effect of heating the surface of tea leaves or tea trees, it is considered that the same effect can be obtained even when contacting with other "heated misty water".

Claims (8)

A method for promoting the growth of tea, comprising heating the surface of a tea leaf to a tea tree. The method for promoting the growth of tea according to claim 1, wherein the heating is performed so that the surface of the tea leaves to tea plants reach 45 ° C to 55 ° C. The method for promoting the growth of tea according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating is performed such that the surface of the tea leaf or tea tree is maintained at 45 ° C to 55 ° C for one second or more. The method for promoting the growth of tea according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heating is performed by bringing heated misty water into contact with the surface of tea leaves or tea trees and heating. The method for promoting the growth of tea according to claim 4, wherein the heating is carried out by bringing heated misty water into contact with the surface of tea leaves or tea trees for 1 second to 5 seconds. The method for promoting tea growth according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heating is performed twice or more in a month immediately before picking. The method for promoting the growth of tea according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heating is performed at a frequency of once or more every two weeks in a month immediately before plucking. A method for producing tea, comprising heating the surface of a tea leaf to a tea tree.