WO2019140555A1 - Blockchain construction method and blockchain node - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention provide a blockchain construction method and a blockchain node, relating to the field of storage, and capable of improving the distribution of a blockchain network, thereby improving the attack resistance capabilities of the blockchain network. The blockchain construction method comprises: a first blockchain node in a blockchain network acquiring a first transaction message sent by a device, the first transaction message carrying first device information of the device, and the device not belonging to the blockchain network; and upon determining that the first transaction message has already been added to a blockchain in the blockchain network, the first blockchain node sending a first acknowledgement message to the device, the first acknowledgement message being used to indicate that the first transaction message has already been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network.

Description

Blockchain construction method and blockchain node Technical field

The present application relates to the field of storage, and in particular, to a blockchain construction method and a blockchain node.

Background technique

Currently, blockchains can be used to record transaction data. Specifically, the transaction data is organized into blocks in order, and the plurality of blocks may constitute a blockchain. Data uses distributed and chained storage mechanisms in the blockchain to achieve tamper-proof purposes. The more distributed the data is, the more resistant the blockchain network is to attacks. Further, the blockchain is stored in the blockchain node, and the plurality of blockchain nodes may constitute a blockchain network.

In the blockchain network, the accounting node (that is, the node that constructs the block) is determined by a certain consensus mechanism to ensure that the malicious node does not always obtain the accounting right, and the security of the blockchain network is largely guaranteed. Specifically, all the blockchain nodes can determine the blockchain node that is the first to calculate Nonce (number used once) as the accounting node by the proof of work (POW). The block constructed by the accounting node is valid, that is, only the block constructed by the accounting node can be added to the blockchain, that is, the accounting node has the right to write data in the blockchain.

The Internet of Things can store transaction data via a blockchain network. However, the POW algorithm calculates the Nonce as a process that consumes a lot of computing resources. Some devices with low computing power, especially low-power IoT devices, cannot participate in the above consensus process and cannot be added to the block. In the chain network. This limits the distribution of the blockchain network to a certain extent, and thus limits the anti-attack capability of the blockchain network.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a blockchain construction method and a blockchain node, which can improve the distribution of the blockchain network, thereby improving the anti-attack capability of the blockchain network.

In a first aspect, a blockchain construction method is disclosed, including: a first blockchain node in a blockchain network acquires a transaction message sent by a device; the transaction message carries device information of the device; the device does not belong to The blockchain network; when the first block chain node determines that the transaction message has been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network, sends an acknowledgement message to the device, and the acknowledgement message is used to indicate that the transaction message has been added to the blockchain network. Blockchain.

In the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a first blockchain node (which may be a billing node) in a blockchain network acquires a transaction message sent by a device, where the transaction message includes device information, and then, each blockchain node A block is constructed based on the collected transaction data, and the block constructed by the accounting node therein can be added to the blockchain. The first blockchain node may also notify the device that the transaction message has been added to the blockchain of the blockchain network by using an acknowledgement message, and the device information of the device is not easily falsified, and the device may be considered to be trusted. In this way, a large number of low-power IoT devices can participate in the blockchain network, such as participating in the consensus process, participating in blockchain storage, etc., thereby providing the distribution of high blockchain networks and improving the blockchain to some extent. The anti-aggressiveness of the network.

With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation of the first aspect, the first block chain node acquiring the transaction message sent by the device includes: receiving the transaction message sent by the device; or receiving the second in the blockchain network The transaction message forwarded by the blockchain node.

That is to say, the transaction message obtained by the first blockchain may be directly sent by the device, or may be forwarded by other blockchain nodes.

In conjunction with the first aspect or the first possible implementation of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation of the first aspect, the first blockchain node determines that the transaction message has been added to the block in the blockchain network The chain specifically includes: the first block chain node constructs a first block including a transaction message, and determines that the first block is added to a blockchain of the blockchain network; or the first block chain node determines the blockchain The second block constructed by the other blockchain nodes except the first blockchain node in the network is added to a blockchain of the blockchain network; the second block contains the transaction message.

In a specific implementation, the first blockchain node may be a billing node, and the transaction message is stored in the block packed by the first blockchain node. Of course, the first blockchain node may not be a billing node. However, the first blockchain node can ultimately determine which blockchain node the transaction message is stored in.

In combination with the first aspect and any one of the foregoing possible implementations of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation of the first aspect, the transaction message further includes authentication data for authenticating the device, the authentication data including At least one excitation signal, a response result corresponding to each of the at least one excitation signal, or a hash value of a response result corresponding to each of the at least one excitation signal.

If the transaction message contains the authentication data, after each blockchain node experiences the consensus algorithm, the authentication data may be stored in the block packed by the accounting node, so that the device authentication data is persistently written into the blockchain. In the network, the device can be authenticated according to the authentication data to ensure the security of the blockchain network.

In combination with the first aspect and any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners, in a fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: the first incentive sent by the first blockchain node to the authentication device a signal, a first response result corresponding to the first excitation signal or a first hash value, so that the authentication device sends the first excitation signal to the device and determines whether the response result sent by the device to the authentication device is the first response result or the first A hash value. The first hash value is a hash value calculated according to the first response result.

In combination with the first aspect and any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners, in a fifth possible implementation of the first aspect, the transaction message further includes: attribute information of the device, where the attribute information includes credit information of the device, Credit information is used to indicate the level of trust of the device.

With reference to the first aspect, and any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners, in a sixth possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving, by the first blockchain node, the device a second transaction message, the second transaction message carrying the second device information of the device; determining that the first device information in the blockchain network has been updated to the second device information, sending a second confirmation to the device And a second confirmation message is used to indicate that the first device information in the blockchain network has been updated to the second device information.

In a second aspect, a blockchain node is disclosed. The blockchain node is a first blockchain node, and includes: an acquiring unit, configured to acquire a transaction message sent by the device; the transaction message carries device information of the device; the device does not belong to a blockchain network; a processing unit, configured to determine, by the processing unit, that the transaction message acquired by the acquiring unit has been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network; and the sending unit, configured to determine, in the processing unit, that the transaction message has been added to the zone in the blockchain network After the blockchain, an acknowledgment message is sent to the device to indicate that the transaction message has been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network.

With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the acquiring unit is specifically configured to: receive the transaction message sent by the device; or receive the transaction forwarded by the second blockchain node in the blockchain network Message.

With reference to the second aspect and any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners, in a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the processing unit is specifically configured to: construct a first block that includes a transaction message, determine A block is added to a blockchain of the blockchain network; or, a second block constructed by determining other blockchain nodes other than the first blockchain node in the blockchain network is added to the blockchain network In a blockchain; the second block contains transaction messages.

In combination with the second aspect and any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners, in a third possible implementation of the second aspect, the transaction message further includes authentication data for authenticating the device, the authentication data including at least one An excitation signal, a response result corresponding to each of the at least one excitation signal, or a hash value of a response result corresponding to each of the at least one excitation signal. The hash value corresponding to the excitation signal is a hash value calculated according to the response corresponding to the excitation signal.

With reference to the second aspect, and any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the sending unit is further configured to: send, to the authentication device, the first The first response result or the first hash value corresponding to the excitation signal, so that the authentication device sends the first excitation signal to the device and determines whether the response result sent by the device to the authentication device is the first response result or the first hash value.

In combination with the second aspect and any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the transaction message further includes: attribute information of the device, where the attribute information includes credit information of the device, Credit information is used to indicate the level of trust of the device.

In a third aspect, a computer readable storage medium is disclosed having stored therein instructions; when it is run on a device as described in the second aspect above and any of its possible implementations, The apparatus performs a blockchain construction method as described in the second aspect above and its various possible implementations.

With reference to the first aspect and any one of the foregoing possible implementation manners, in a sixth possible implementation of the first aspect, the acquiring unit is further configured to acquire, by using the second transaction message that is sent by the device, The second transaction message carries the second device information of the device; the processing unit is further configured to: determine that the first device information has been updated to the second device information; the sending unit is further configured to send the second confirmation message to the device, The second confirmation message is used to indicate that the first device information in the blockchain network has been updated to the second device information.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a blockchain network and an Internet of Things;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain node according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a method for constructing a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of a consensus algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for updating device information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

6 is another schematic flowchart of a method for constructing a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is another schematic flowchart of a method for constructing a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is another schematic structural diagram of a blockchain node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is another schematic structural diagram of a blockchain node according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network that extends and expands on the Internet to enable communication between items and items. Referring to Figure 1, the Internet of Things can store transaction data via a blockchain network. The blockchain network includes a communication node and a blockchain node, wherein the communication node is a device having only a communication function, such as forwarding information, and the blockchain node is a device having a communication function and a storage function, such as storing a blockchain. . A blockchain can also be thought of as a database, for example: it can be used to store transaction data.

The blockchain network adopts a distributed storage mechanism to improve its ability to resist attacks. The more distributed the blockchain network is, the more resistant it is to attacks. For example, the same data is stored in the block of the blockchain stored in at least two blockchain nodes. To tamper with the data, the malicious node needs to tamper with all the blocks storing the data, and also needs to The subsequent blocks of the block in the blockchain have been tampered with, which is difficult. In this way, the ability of the blockchain network to resist attacks is improved.

In a specific implementation, the blockchain node in the blockchain network can determine the blockchain node that first calculated Nonce as the accounting node by using the POW comparison power. The following takes Bitcoin as an example to describe in detail how to determine the accounting node through the consensus process in the blockchain network.

First, the blockchain node collects transaction data and builds blocks based on the collected transaction data. For example, in the field of bitcoin, a block consists of a block header and a block body. The size of the block header is 80 bytes, including the 4-byte version number, the 32-byte hash value of the previous block, and the 32-byte Merkel Root Hash. The time suffix of the byte (current time), the current difficulty value of 4 bytes, and the random number of 4 bytes. The block body consists of a list of transactions. Table 1 shows an implementation possibility of the block. Of course, the structure of the block is not limited to the one shown in Table 1, and the values of the respective structures are not limited to those shown in Table 1.

Table 1

It should be noted that after the transaction data size collected by the blockchain node reaches the limit, the blockchain node starts to calculate the Merkel root hash value in the block header according to the collected transaction data. In addition, the collected transaction data constitutes a block.

Secondly, after the blockchain node constructs the block, the hash value is calculated according to the constructed block header, and the hash value is continuously calculated by continuously adjusting the random number in the block header until the hash value satisfying the target difficulty is calculated. The constructed block is then broadcast to other blockchain nodes in the blockchain network. Finally, the blockchain node that calculates the hash value that satisfies the target difficulty is determined as the accounting node.

However, calculating the hash value that meets the target difficulty has high requirements on the computing power of the device. Some devices with low computing power, especially low-power IoT devices, cannot participate in the above consensus process and cannot join. Blockchain network. This limits the distribution of the blockchain network and, in turn, limits the anti-attack capability of the blockchain network.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a blockchain construction method and a blockchain node. The first blockchain node (which may be a billing node) in the blockchain network acquires a transaction message sent by the device, and the transaction message includes the device. Information, then, each blockchain node constructs a block based on the collected transaction data, and the block constructed by the accounting node can be added to the blockchain. The first blockchain node may also notify the device that the transaction message has been added to the blockchain of the blockchain network by using an acknowledgement message, and the device information of the device is not easily falsified, and the device may be considered to be trusted. In this way, a large number of low-power IoT devices can participate in the blockchain network, such as participating in the consensus process, participating in blockchain storage, etc., thereby providing the distribution of high blockchain networks and improving the blockchain to some extent. The anti-aggressiveness of the network.

The blockchain construction method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the blockchain node shown in FIG. 2, and the blockchain node can be a blockchain node in the system shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the blockchain node may include at least one processor 11, a memory 12, a transceiver 13, and a communication bus 14.

The following describes the components of the blockchain node in detail with reference to FIG. 2:

The processor 11 is a control center of the block chain node, and may be a processor or a collective name of a plurality of processing elements. For example, the processor 11 is a central processing unit (CPU), may be an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present invention. For example, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).

Among other things, the processor 11 can perform various functions of the blockchain node by running or executing a software program stored in the memory 12 and calling data stored in the memory 12.

In a particular implementation, as an embodiment, processor 11 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 shown in FIG.

In a particular implementation, as an embodiment, the blockchain node may include multiple processors, such as processor 11 and processor 15 shown in FIG. Each of these processors can be a single core processor (CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU). A processor herein may refer to one or more blockchain nodes, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data, such as computer program instructions.

The memory 12 can be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static blockchain node that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or can store information and instructions. Other types of dynamic blockchain nodes may also be Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or other optical discs. Storage, optical storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), disk storage media or other magnetic blockchain nodes, or capable of carrying or storing desired programs in the form of instructions or data structures Code and any other medium that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory 12 can be stand-alone and connected to the processor 11 via a communication bus 14. The memory 12 can also be integrated with the processor 11.

The memory 12 is used to store a software program that executes the solution of the present invention, and is controlled by the processor 11.

The transceiver 13 uses devices such as any transceiver for communication with other nodes in the system of Fig. 1, such as communication nodes or blockchain nodes in FIG. It can also be used to communicate with a communication network, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), and the like. The transceiver 13 may include an acquisition unit that implements a receiving function, and a transmitting unit that implements a transmitting function.

The communication bus 14 may be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 2, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

The blockchain node structure shown in FIG. 2 does not constitute a definition of a blockchain node, and may include more or fewer components than those illustrated, or some components may be combined, or different component arrangements.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a blockchain. As shown in FIG. 3, the method includes the following steps:

101. The device sends a transaction message to a node in the blockchain network, where the transaction message includes device information of the device.

The node may be a communication node or a blockchain node in a blockchain network. For example, the second blockchain node in FIG. 3 of the embodiment of the present invention. Of course, FIG. 3 only shows the case where the device sends a transaction message to the blockchain node, and the device can also send the transaction message to the communication node, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.

Specifically, the device may be an Internet of Things device. The device information may include identification and/or information of each device of the device, such as: identification of the CPU, operation speed, manufacturer, etc.; identification, size, manufacturer, etc. of the memory.

Further, the identifier of the device device may be determined according to relevant standards; the format of the identifier may also be defined, and the identifier of the device may be generated according to the defined format.

102. The node forwards the transaction message to other nodes in the blockchain network.

In a specific implementation, any node (blockchain node or communication node) in the blockchain network broadcasts the transaction message after receiving the transaction message, and ensures each blockchain node in the blockchain network as much as possible. All transaction messages from the device can be obtained.

As such, for any one of the blockchain nodes in the blockchain network, the first blockchain node according to the embodiment of the present invention may receive the broadcast of the node (such as the second blockchain node in FIG. 3). Trading news. Of course, the first blockchain node can also receive the transaction message broadcast by any one of the communication nodes in the blockchain network.

It should be noted that whether the blockchain node or the communication node receives the transaction message from the device, the received transaction message will be broadcast to other nodes in the blockchain network, and each node in the final blockchain network will receive. To the transaction message from the device.

103. The blockchain node collects transaction data, and constructs a block according to the collected transaction data and transaction message.

It should be noted that, for any blockchain node of the blockchain network, for example, the first blockchain node described in the embodiment of the present invention continuously collects transaction data of the device to construct respective blocks.

In a specific implementation, the block constructed by the blockchain node includes a block header and a block body. The blockchain node calculates the Merkel tree hash value based on the collected transaction data. Further, the block header is constructed according to the obtained Merkel tree hash value, version number, hash value of the previous block, time suffix (current time), current difficulty value, and a random number. In addition, a block body is constructed based on the collected transaction data.

Each blockchain node in the blockchain network implements a consensus algorithm after constructing its own block. The so-called consensus algorithm refers to which block constructed by the specific node is finally written to the blockchain as an effective block, and all blockchain nodes need to form a consensus. The following two steps are included in the consensus algorithm:

First, the blockchain node calculates a hash value according to the block header of the block that it constructs.

Specifically, the blockchain node can continuously calculate the hash value by continuously adjusting the random number in the block header.

Second, the blockchain node determines that the calculated hash value satisfies the target difficulty, and broadcasts the block constructed by itself to other blockchain nodes in the blockchain network.

In a specific implementation, the blockchain node continuously calculates the hash value until a hash value that satisfies the target difficulty is calculated.

In addition, taking the PoW algorithm as an example, it is assumed that the hash value satisfying the target difficulty is zero for the first n bits and N bits for the length. Once the hash value calculated by the first block chain node is smaller than the target difficulty value, it is considered to be calculated. The hash value satisfies the target difficulty. For example, the target difficulty value is 0000011. Once the first block chain node calculates a 7-bit binary value of 0 in the first 5 bits and is less than 0000011, it is considered that the first block chain node calculates a hash value that satisfies the target difficulty. Further, after the first blockchain node calculates the hash value that satisfies the target difficulty, the block constructed by itself is broadcasted to other blockchain nodes in the blockchain network.

It should be noted that after the consensus process is completed through the above two steps, the blockchain node that first calculates the hash value satisfying the target difficulty is finally determined as the accounting node, and the block constructed by the further accounting node is recorded as the effective area. A block, which can be written into the blockchain, joins the block containing the device transaction message to the blockchain network.

That is, if the device initiates a transaction message containing device information, the transaction message is received by the blockchain node, and then the device information is packaged into the block by executing the consensus algorithm, thereby writing the block. chain.

104. The first blockchain node determines that the block containing the transaction message has been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network.

It should be said that a blockchain node cannot determine whether it is a billing node, that is, it cannot be determined whether the block itself is a valid block. Because each blockchain node executes the consensus algorithm independently to calculate the hash value. Only after all the blockchain nodes have sent out the blocks they have built can they determine which blockchain node is the accounting node. In addition, the transaction message has been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network, specifically that the device information in the transaction message is added to the blockchain network.

Taking the POW algorithm as an example, referring to FIG. 4, it is assumed that the blockchain node A in the blockchain network constructs the block 1, and the blockchain node B constructs the block 2. The blockchain node A broadcasts the block 1 to other blockchain nodes in the blockchain network after calculating the hash value satisfying the target difficulty, and the blockchain node B calculates the hash value satisfying the target difficulty. Block 2 is broadcast to other blockchain nodes in the blockchain network.

Thus, some blockchain nodes (eg, blockchain node C) in the blockchain network receive block 1, subsequent collection of transaction data, construction of new blocks along block 1, and some blockchains. The node (eg, blockchain node D) receives block 2, and subsequently collects transaction data to build a new block along block 2.

For any one of the blockchain nodes in the blockchain network, the first blockchain node as described in the embodiment of the present invention can determine which block is a valid block by using the following two features, so that the block will be constructed. The blockchain node is determined to be a billing node. specifically:

(1) A block that is likely to be a valid block is determined according to the length of the block chain branch constructed by each block chain node based on the received block.

It should be noted that the blockchain branch can be regarded as a branch in which a part of a blockchain is connected in series. Generally, since the effective block is the block constructed by the blockchain node that satisfies the target difficulty hash value, the time of the block chain node broadcasting block is also the earliest, so the block chain constructed based on the effective block is The branch should be the longest. For example, referring to FIG. 4, the blockchain constructed by the blockchain node C based on the block 1 includes the block 1, the block 11, the block 12, the block 13, the block 14, the block 15, and the block 16; The blockchain constructed by the blockchain node D based on the block 2 includes the block 2, the block 21, the block 22, the block 23, and the block 24. Then it can be determined that the branch of block 1 is the longest, and it is initially determined that block 1 may be a valid block.

(2) Perform "N-block verification" on the blockchain branch where the "block that may be a valid block" determined in the previous step, that is, the above-mentioned block that may be a valid block and the concatenation Verification is performed in the following N-1 blocks.

For example, verification of 6 blocks can be performed. The above process determines that the block 1 is likely to be a valid block, and then the block 1 and the 5 blocks connected in series after the block 1 are verified, that is, the block 11, the block 12, the block 13, and the block 14 The block 15 performs verification. Once the block 1 and the block 11, the block 12, the block 13, the block 14, and the block 15 pass the verification, it indicates that the block 1 is an effective block.

After the above two steps, the effective block is finally determined. In addition, for any one of the blockchain nodes in the blockchain network, the first blockchain node according to the embodiment of the present invention can determine which blockchain node the effective block is after determining the effective block. This valid block is constructed, that is, which block chain node is determined as a billing node.

After the consensus is completed, the block containing the transaction message is written to the blockchain. Further, the device information is also written into the blockchain. For example, the transaction message in FIG. 4 is written into the block 1, the block 11, the block 12, the block 13, the block 14, the block 15, and the like. The blockchain where it is located.

That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first blockchain node may determine that the first block that is constructed by itself and includes the transaction message is a valid block, and is added to a block of the blockchain network. In the chain.

Alternatively, the first blockchain node may determine that a second block constructed by other blockchain nodes other than the first blockchain node in the blockchain network is added to the blockchain network. In a blockchain. Of course, the second block contains the transaction message.

Further, the first blockchain node can confirm that a transaction message from the device has been added to the blockchain of the blockchain network.

It should be noted that the information contained in the block may be a transaction message of the device, or may be a device information included in the transaction message. The invention is not limited. Since distributed consensus and storage are used in the blockchain network, it is ensured that the device information is not easily falsified, and the reliability of the device is high.

105. The first blockchain node sends an acknowledgement message to the device, where the acknowledgement message is used to indicate that the transaction message has been added to a blockchain in the blockchain network.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the device information may be sent as a transaction to a blockchain node in the blockchain network, so that the device information is added to a blockchain of the device blockchain network, which may be the device in the future. Be prepared to join other blockchain networks. In addition, the device can join some of the simpler blockchain networks of consensus algorithms, participate in the consensus process of these block networks, and also store the blockchains of these blockchain networks, thus improving the blockchain network. The distribution also improves the anti-aggression of the blockchain network to a certain extent and improves data security.

It should be noted that the transaction message in steps 101-105 is the first transaction message in the embodiment of the present invention, and the confirmation message in step 105 is the first confirmation message in the embodiment of the present invention, and steps 101-105 are involved. The device information is the first device information of the device.

In some embodiments, for each device to be added to the device blockchain network, the device information may be added to the device blockchain network according to steps 101-105 above. As the number of devices that want to join the blockchain increases, the effective blocks of the blockchain node information also increase, and the effective blocks of the blockchain node information can form a blockchain, which is recorded as a device blockchain.

In some embodiments, a device chain can be built for devices of different devices, such as a CPU device chain, a memory device chain, before building a device blockchain. For example, the device sends device information (such as CPU information) as a separate transaction message to the blockchain network, and performs the above steps 101-105 to determine the accounting node, which will carry the device information (valid area) Block) writes to the blockchain. For each device, there is a valid block in which the CPU information of the device is stored. These different valid blocks can form a blockchain, which is recorded as a CPU device chain.

Further, after building the device chain, the device information can reference the corresponding device blockchain. For example, information about the CPU of the device in the device blockchain can refer to the corresponding block in the CPU blockchain where the CPU is located.

In some embodiments, the transaction message may further include attribute information of the device, such as credit information of the device. The so-called device credit information is used to indicate the credibility of the device.

Alternatively, a credit blockchain can be constructed to record and maintain credit information for the device. At this time, the credit information of the device in the device blockchain can refer to the information in the credit blockchain.

Further, when a device joins a new device blockchain, the credit status of the device may be determined by referring to the credit block chain in which the device is located, or the credit of the device stored in the device blockchain in which the device was previously located may be referred to. The information determines the credit status of the device.

In some embodiments, once a malicious node is discovered, the information of the malicious node can be notified to all relevant blockchains. And initiate related transactions, which are used to modify the credit information of related devices in the device blockchain, such as: changing the credit information to a low degree of credibility or untrustworthy.

In some embodiments, the device information in the blockchain may also be updated. As shown in FIG. 5, the update method may further include the following steps:

201. The device sends a transaction message to a node in a blockchain network, where the transaction message includes device information that is updated by the device.

The updated device information is the second device information of the device.

Also, the node may be a communication node or a blockchain node in a blockchain network. For example, the second blockchain node in FIG. 5 of the embodiment of the present invention. Of course, FIG. 5 only shows the case where the device sends a transaction message to the blockchain node, and the device can also send the transaction message to the communication node, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.

202. The node forwards the transaction message to other nodes in the blockchain network.

In a specific implementation, any node (blockchain node or communication node) in the blockchain network broadcasts the transaction message after receiving the transaction message, and ensures each blockchain node in the blockchain network as much as possible. All transaction messages from the device can be obtained.

As such, for any one of the blockchain nodes in the blockchain network, the first blockchain node according to the embodiment of the present invention may receive the broadcast of the node (such as the second blockchain node in FIG. 5). Trading news. Of course, the first blockchain node can also receive the transaction message broadcast by any one of the communication nodes in the blockchain network.

It should be noted that whether the blockchain node or the communication node receives the transaction message from the device, the received transaction message will be broadcast to other nodes in the blockchain network, and each node in the final blockchain network will receive. To the transaction message from the device.

203. The blockchain node performs a consensus algorithm to determine a billing node.

It should be noted that for any blockchain node of the blockchain network, transaction data is continuously collected, and blocks are constructed according to the collected transaction data and transaction messages. Similarly, in the process of updating the device information, each blockchain node in the blockchain network will also execute a consensus algorithm after determining the respective blocks, and determine the accounting node, which is determined only in the process. The billing node may be different from the billing node determined in step 103.

The block constructed by the further accounting node is recorded as a valid block and can be written into the blockchain, that is, the block containing the device transaction message is added to the blockchain network.

204. The accounting node updates the device information in the valid block to the updated device information carried in the transaction message.

In a specific implementation, after the steps 101-105, the first device information of the device is added to the valid block, and the accounting node updates the device information in the valid block to the device information in the transaction message described in step 201. The first device information in the valid block is updated to the second device information in the transaction message described in step 201.

It should be noted that the accounting node determined in step 203 may modify the block, so in the process of updating the device information, the device information in the effective block is modified by the accounting node.

In some embodiments, the first blockchain node in the embodiment of the present invention may be the foregoing billing node. In step 204, the first blockchain node may determine that the device information stored in the blockchain network has been updated to The new device information included in the received transaction message, therefore, the first blockchain node can send an acknowledgement message to the device confirming that the new device information has been added to the blockchain network, that is, in the blockchain network The device information has been updated. 205. The billing node sends an acknowledgement message to the device, where the acknowledgement message is used to indicate that the device information in the blockchain has been updated.

It should be noted that the transaction message in steps 201-205 is the second transaction message in the embodiment of the present invention, and the confirmation message in step 105 is the second confirmation message in the embodiment of the present invention, and steps 201-205 are involved. The device information is the second device information of the device, that is, the updated device information of the device.

In some embodiments, the device may also be authenticated based on a physical unclonable function (PUF).

First, the stimulus response record of the blockchain node in the blockchain network. Specifically, the device may send the stimulus response record as an attribute of the device in the transaction message of step 101 and send it to the blockchain network. Of course, the device may also send the device's stimulus response record to the blockchain network through an independent transaction message. Referring to the procedures of 101 to 105 above, the device's stimulus response record is added to a blockchain. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the following steps are included:

301. The control device sends an excitation signal to the device.

The excitation signal is also the input signal and can be a pulse signal.

302. The device sends a response result to the control device.

In a specific implementation, after receiving the excitation signal, the device outputs a response result according to the excitation signal. For the device, the excitation signal is an input signal and the response is an output signal corresponding to the excitation signal.

It should be noted that the physical unclonable function uses the physical structure inherent in the object to uniquely identify the object, and inputting any excitation signal will output a unique and unpredictable response result. In the embodiment of the present invention, for example, the built-in memory of the device outputs a unique and unpredictable response result for any excitation signal, so the response result can be used to distinguish different devices.

303. The control device stores the authentication data of the device.

Further, the steps 301-303 are repeatedly performed, and the control device inputs a plurality of excitation signals to the device, and correspondingly obtains a plurality of response results, and the control device stores a plurality of pairs of excitation signals and response results. Further, the authentication data of the device may be generated according to the stored excitation signal and the response result, including the identifier of the device, the at least one excitation signal, and the response result corresponding to each of the at least one excitation signal.

In some embodiments, the control device may further calculate a hash value of the response result according to the response result of the excitation signal. Further, the authentication data of the device may be generated according to the excitation signal and the hash value of the response result. Specifically, the authentication data generated at this time includes the identifier of the device, the at least one excitation signal, and the at least one excitation signal. Each of the excitation signals corresponds to a hash value of the response result.

In order to implement the authentication of the device by the first blockchain node, the authentication data of the device and the identifier of the device are correspondingly stored in the blockchain. As shown in FIG. 6, after step 303, step 304 may be further included. ~ 305.

304. The control device sends a transaction message to a node in the blockchain network, where the transaction message carries the authentication data and an identifier of the device.

Also, the node may be a communication node or a blockchain node in a blockchain network. For example, the second blockchain node in FIG. 6 of the embodiment of the present invention. Of course, FIG. 6 only shows a case where the device sends a transaction message to the blockchain node, and the device can also send the transaction message to the communication node, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.

305. The node forwards the transaction message to other nodes in the blockchain network.

In a specific implementation, any node (blockchain node or communication node) in the blockchain network broadcasts the transaction message after receiving the transaction message, and ensures each blockchain node in the blockchain network as much as possible. All transaction messages from the device can be obtained.

As such, for any one of the blockchain nodes in the blockchain network, the first blockchain node according to the embodiment of the present invention may receive the broadcast of the node (such as the second blockchain node in FIG. 6). Trading news. Of course, the first blockchain node can also receive the transaction message broadcast by any one of the communication nodes in the blockchain network.

It should be noted that whether the blockchain node or the communication node receives the transaction message from the device, the received transaction message will be broadcast to other nodes in the blockchain network, and each node in the final blockchain network will receive. To the transaction message from the device.

306. The blockchain node in the blockchain network executes a consensus algorithm to determine the accounting node.

It should be noted that for any blockchain node of the blockchain network, the transaction data is continuously collected, and the block is constructed according to the collected transaction data and the transaction message, that is, each blockchain node constructs the device incentive including the device. A block that responds to the record and the identity of the device. Similarly, in the process of updating the device information, each blockchain node in the blockchain network, after constructing the respective block, also executes a consensus algorithm to determine the accounting node, but only the accounting determined in the process. The node may be different from the accounting node determined in step 103. In addition, the block constructed by the accounting node in this process is added as a valid block to the blockchain, that is, the device stimulus response record and the identifier of the device are written in the blockchain.

In some embodiments, the device may also generate an excitation signal by itself without requiring the control device to input an excitation signal to the device. The device may output a response result according to the excitation signal generated by itself, and generate an excitation response record, and record a plurality of excitation response pairs (ie, an excitation signal and a corresponding response result). Finally, the device also sends a transaction message carrying the stimulus response record and the identity of the device to the first blockchain node, so that the first blockchain node stores the stimulus in the first block Correspondence between the response record and the identity of the device.

Optionally, for security reasons, the control device or the device itself sends a hash to the blockchain corresponding to the response, rather than the response itself.

Based on this, the accounting node can use the PUF to authenticate the device, as shown in FIG. 7, which specifically includes the following steps:

401. The authentication device acquires an excitation response pair from the accounting node, including the first excitation signal and the first response result.

Optionally, the authentication device may obtain a first excitation signal and a hash value of the first response result.

Specifically, the authentication device sends the identifier of the device to be authenticated to the billing node, and the billing node queries the incentive response record in the valid block with the identifier of the device to be authenticated as an index, and determines an incentive response record corresponding to the identifier of the device to be authenticated. A pair of stimulus responses in the stimulus response record is then sent to the authentication device.

In some embodiments, if the control device or the device itself, the authentication data sent to the blockchain is a hash of the stimulus signal and the response corresponding to the stimulus, rather than the response itself, then the first blockchain node also acquires May be a (incentive, response hash) pair.

402. The authentication device sends the first excitation signal to the device to be authenticated.

403. The device generates a response result according to the first excitation signal, and sends the generated response result to the authentication device.

404. The authentication device determines whether the received response result is the same as the first response result obtained in step 401.

Alternatively, the authentication device determines whether the hash value of the received response result is the same as the hash value of the first response result obtained in step 401.

It should be noted that, according to the PUF, the device to be authenticated outputs a unique and unpredictable response result for any excitation signal, and the first response result is a response result of the device to be authenticated according to the first excitation signal, so if the authentication device receives The response result and the first response result, or if the hash value of the response result received by the authentication device is the same as the hash value of the first response result, it may be proved that the device to be authenticated is the device itself identified by the device identifier, Not other devices.

If the authentication device determines that the received response result is the same as the hash value of the first response result or the first response result obtained in step 401, step 405 is performed; if the authentication device determines the received response result and the step 401 is obtained, If the hash value of the first response result or the first response result is not the same, step 406 is performed.

405. The authentication device determines that the device passes the authentication.

406. The authentication device determines that the device authentication fails.

In some embodiments, for each device, the above steps 301-305 can be performed, and finally, for each device, there is an active block storing the identifier of the device and the stimulus response record of the device, and the different effective areas. A block can form a chain of authentication information blocks.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a blockchain node. In the case where each functional module is divided by corresponding functions, FIG. 8 shows a possible structural diagram of the above-described blockchain node. As shown in FIG. 8, the blockchain node includes an obtaining unit 501, a processing unit 502, and a transmitting unit 503.

The obtaining unit 501 is configured to support the blockchain node to perform step 101 in the above embodiment, and/or other processes for the techniques described herein.

Processing unit 502, configured to support the blockchain node to perform steps 102, 103 in the above embodiments, and/or other processes for the techniques described herein;

a sending unit 503, configured to support the blockchain node to perform step 104 in the foregoing embodiment, and/or other processes for the techniques described herein;

It should be noted that all the related content of the steps involved in the foregoing method embodiments may be referred to the functional descriptions of the corresponding functional modules, and details are not described herein again.

Exemplarily, in the case of adopting an integrated unit, a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain node provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 9. In FIG. 9, the blockchain node includes a processing module 601 and a communication module 602. The processing module 601 is for controlling management of the actions of the blockchain nodes, for example, performing the steps performed by the processing unit 502 described above, and/or other processes for performing the techniques described herein. The communication module 602 is configured to support interaction between the blockchain node and other devices, for example, performing the steps performed by the obtaining unit 501 and the transmitting unit 503 described above. As shown in FIG. 9, the blockchain node may further include a storage module 603 for storing program codes and data of the blockchain node.

When the processing module 601 is a processor, the communication module 602 is a transceiver, and the storage module 603 is a memory, the blockchain node may be the blockchain node shown in FIG. 2. If the transceiver is a receiver and a transmitter, the receiver performs the steps performed by the acquisition unit 501 described above, and the transmitter performs the steps performed by the transmitting unit 503.

In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using a software program, it may occur in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in accordance with embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be from a website site, computer, server or data center Transfer to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wire (eg, coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer readable storage medium can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, or the like that includes one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state disk (SSD)).

Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, only the division of the above functional modules is illustrated. In practical applications, the above functions can be allocated according to needs. It is completed by different functional modules, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

In the several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be another division manner, for example, multiple units or components may be used. The combination may be integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple different places. . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a contribution to the prior art, and the software product is stored in a storage medium. A number of instructions are included to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or a processor to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .

The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application should be covered by the scope of the present application. . Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims (14)

A blockchain construction method, comprising: The first blockchain node in the blockchain network acquires the first transaction message sent by the device; the first transaction message carries the first device information of the device; The first blockchain node determines that the first transaction message has been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network, and sends a first acknowledgement message to the device, where the first acknowledgement message is used to indicate The first transaction message has been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first transaction message sent by the first blockchain node acquisition device comprises: Receiving the first transaction message sent by the device; or receiving the first transaction message forwarded by a second blockchain node in the blockchain network. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the determining, by the first blockchain node, that the first transaction message has been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network comprises: The first blockchain node constructs a first block that includes the first transaction message, and determines that the first block is added to a blockchain of the blockchain network; Or the first blockchain node determines that a second block constructed by other blockchain nodes other than the first blockchain node in the blockchain network is added to one of the blockchain networks. In the blockchain; the second block contains the first transaction message. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method further comprises: Obtaining, by the first blockchain node, a second transaction message sent by the device, where the second transaction message carries second device information of the device; The first blockchain node determines that the first device information has been updated to the second device information; Transmitting, by the first blockchain node, a second acknowledgement message to the device, where the second acknowledgement message is used to indicate that the first device information in the blockchain network has been updated to the second device information. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the transaction message further comprises authentication data for authenticating the device, the authentication data comprising at least one excitation signal, and the at least one incentive a response result corresponding to each of the excitation signals or a hash value of a response result corresponding to each of the at least one excitation signal. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises: a first excitation signal sent by the first blockchain node to the authentication device, a first response result corresponding to the first excitation signal, or a first hash value, so that the authentication device sends the The first excitation signal determines whether the response result sent by the device to the authentication device is the first response result or the first hash value. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the transaction message further comprises: attribute information of the device, the attribute information includes credit information of the device, and the credit information is used for Indicates the level of trust of the device. A blockchain node, wherein the blockchain node is a first blockchain node, including: An acquiring unit, configured to acquire a transaction message sent by the device, where the transaction message carries device information of the device; the device does not belong to the blockchain network; a processing unit, configured to determine, by the acquiring unit, that the transaction message has been added to a blockchain in the blockchain network; a sending unit, configured to send, after the processing unit determines that the transaction message has been added to the blockchain in the blockchain network, send an acknowledgement message to the device, where the acknowledgement message is used to indicate that the transaction message has been Join the blockchain in the blockchain network. The blockchain node according to claim 8, wherein the obtaining unit is specifically configured to receive the transaction message sent by the device; or receive the second block in the blockchain network The transaction message forwarded by the chain node. The blockchain node according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to construct a first block including the transaction message, and determine that the first block is added to the area In a blockchain of a blockchain network; Or determining that the second block constructed by the other blockchain nodes in the blockchain network except the first blockchain node is added to a blockchain of the blockchain network; The second block contains the transaction message. A block chain node according to claim 8 or 9, wherein The acquiring unit is further configured to: acquire a second transaction message sent by the device, where the second transaction message carries second device information of the device; The processing unit is further configured to: determine that the first device information has been updated to the second device information; The sending unit is further configured to send a second acknowledgement message to the device, where the second acknowledgement message is used to indicate that the first device information in the blockchain network has been updated to the second device information. A blockchain node according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein the transaction message further comprises authentication data for authenticating the device, the authentication data comprising at least one stimulus signal, and the a response value corresponding to each of the at least one excitation signal or a hash value of a response result corresponding to each of the at least one excitation signal. The blockchain node according to claim 12, wherein the sending unit is further configured to: send a first excitation signal sent to the authentication device, a first response result corresponding to the first excitation signal, or the first a hash value, so that the authentication device sends the first excitation signal to the device and determines whether a response result sent by the device to the authentication device is the first response result or the first hash value . The blockchain node according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the transaction message further comprises: attribute information of the device, the attribute information includes credit information of the device, the credit Information is used to indicate the degree of trust of the device.

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