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WO2019019882A1 - 一种双口径 3d 打印机喷头 - Google Patents

一种双口径 3d 打印机喷头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019019882A1
WO2019019882A1 PCT/CN2018/094272 CN2018094272W WO2019019882A1 WO 2019019882 A1 WO2019019882 A1 WO 2019019882A1 CN 2018094272 W CN2018094272 W CN 2018094272W WO 2019019882 A1 WO2019019882 A1 WO 2019019882A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
wall
extrusion port
discharge
guide
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/094272
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张玲玲
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Su Yanmin
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Su Yanmin
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Publication of WO2019019882A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019019882A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a 3D printer extrusion port, in particular to a double-caliber, variable flow type 3D printer extrusion port.
  • a 3D printer is a cumulative manufacturing technology, a machine for rapid prototyping. It is a digital model file based on a special layer of wax, powdered metal or plastic that can be bonded to a layer of Adhesive materials are used to make three-dimensional objects, and stage 3D printers use layer-by-layer printing to construct and manufacture products.
  • the 3D printer extrusion port is used for extruding the bonding material from the storage chamber to the printing work.
  • the existing printer extrusion port adopts a fixed diameter and a fixed amount of the bonding material extruded from the extrusion port per unit time, and the defect thereof ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a printing process with two caliber 3D printer extrusion ports and different caliber switching without interrupting the printer, and the invention also has a flow controllable function and can be printed according to actual conditions. It is necessary to adjust the amount of extrusion per unit time of the extrusion port.
  • the utility model relates to a double-caliber 3D printer nozzle, which comprises an outer wall of an extrusion port and a discharge tube.
  • the outer wall of the extrusion port is tapered and is provided with a cavity coaxial with the outer wall of the extrusion port, and the discharge pipe can be injected into the inner cavity of the outer wall of the extrusion port.
  • the lower end side wall of the discharge pipe is provided with ten discharge holes in the circumferential direction and the adjacent discharge holes are evenly spaced, the annular sealing block is arranged above the discharge hole and the annular sealing block is coaxial with the discharge pipe
  • the annular sealing block is matched with the upper portion of the inner wall of the extrusion port and sealed, and the annular sealing block is movable along the axis of the outer wall of the extrusion port.
  • the lower end of the discharge pipe is connected with a control mechanism and the control mechanism is received in the space formed by the annular sealing block and the outer wall of the extrusion port.
  • the control mechanism comprises a restriction block, the restriction block is coaxially connected to the lower end of the discharge tube and the restriction block is in the form of a coaxial double circular table, and the radius of the restriction block is gradually increased from the top to the bottom of the circular table.
  • the first and second guide holes are arranged on the restriction block, and the plurality of guide holes are arranged on the restriction block.
  • the guiding hole is disposed on the circular table at the upper part of the limiting block, and the first guiding hole can be connected to the outer hole formed by the annular sealing block and the outer wall of the extrusion port and the discharging hole disposed at the lower end of the discharging tube, the second guiding material
  • the hole is coaxially disposed at the bottom of the lower round table of the restriction block and the second guide hole communicates with the first guide hole, the bottom of the outer wall of the extrusion port is provided with an extrusion port and the extrusion port communicates with the inner cavity of the outer wall of the extrusion port, and the extrusion port and the outlet
  • the second guide orifice is coaxial and the radius of the extrusion port is matched to the radius of the lower circular table of the restriction block and the diameter of the second guide orifice is smaller than the diameter of the extrusion bore.
  • a middle portion of the discharge tube is provided with a guiding mechanism, and a guiding end of the guiding mechanism is connected with an output end of the driving mechanism and can drive the discharge tube to move along a direction of the axis thereof, and the guiding mechanism can be used for guiding the discharging tube and the traction limit
  • the block moves along the central axis of the outer wall of the extrusion port, and the size of the opening of the outer wall of the extrusion port can be adjusted.
  • the guiding mechanism comprises a dial arranged on the wall of the discharge tube, the dial block is symmetrically arranged along the axis of the discharge tube and the axis of the dial block is distributed along the radial direction of the discharge tube, the dial block and the driving mechanism Output end connection: the output end of the drive mechanism can push the dial block and pull the discharge tube to move along its own axis, so that the lower round table of the restriction block and the outer wall of the extrusion port can be switched from the matching state to the disengaged state, or the lower part of the restriction block The round table and the outer wall of the extrusion port are switched from the disengaged state to the matched state.
  • the driving mechanism comprises a motor and a guiding block, and an output shaft end of the motor is connected to the guiding block and can drive the guiding block to move in a direction perpendicular to a central axis of the arranging tube, and the guiding block is disposed on the mounting tube wall
  • the matching block of the dial block can push the dial block and the traction arrangement tube to move along the central axis during the translation process of the guide block, and the drive block and the connecting limit block move along the axis of the discharge tube during the movement of the discharge tube and Adjust the gap between the restriction block and the outer wall of the extrusion port.
  • the double-caliber, variable-flow 3D printer extrusion port of the invention has the functions of adjustable extrusion port radius and adjustable extrusion flow rate; Translating and guiding the block to be displaced relative to the discharge tube along the length of the first escape groove during the translation of the guide block, and the discharge tube driving the connected restriction block to move away from the outer wall of the extrusion port during the movement of the discharge tube.
  • the extrusion radius is changed from the radius of the second guide hole to the radius of the extrusion port on the outer wall of the extrusion port, thereby realizing the function of increasing the extrusion radius and increasing the extrusion amount.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first state of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second state of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the guide mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the drive mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the drive mechanism of the present invention.
  • a double-caliber, variable-flow 3D printer extrusion port includes a guiding mechanism 10, a driving mechanism 20, a heating mechanism 30, and a storage mechanism 40.
  • the storage mechanism 40 is provided with a cavity and a cavity. A consumable for printing the workpiece is stored, and a discharge end at the bottom of the storage mechanism 40 is connected to a feeding end of a portion of the guiding mechanism 10, and the guiding mechanism 10 is for squeezing the consumable from the storage mechanism 40 to the position
  • the printing working surface below the discharge end of the guiding mechanism 10, the middle portion of the guiding mechanism 10 is provided with a heating mechanism 30 for providing heat source for melting the consumables, and the guiding mechanism 10 further comprises a control mechanism and a guiding mechanism, the control mechanism is installed on The bottom of the guiding mechanism can be used to control the extrusion diameter and the extrusion flow rate of the consumables.
  • the guiding mechanism is disposed in the middle of the guiding mechanism 10, and the guiding end of the guiding mechanism is connected to the output end of the driving mechanism 20 and driven by The output of the mechanism 20 can drive the leading end of the guiding mechanism to be displaced in the direction of the guide.
  • the consumable may be any one or more of a bonding plastic, a photosensitive gum, a metal powder, a ceramic, and an edible fat.
  • the guiding mechanism 10 includes an outer wall 11 for the extrusion port and a discharge tube 12, and the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port is tapered and provided with a cavity coaxial with the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port.
  • the discharge pipe 12 communicates with the discharge end of the bottom of the storage mechanism 40, and the lower end side wall of the discharge pipe 12 is provided with a plurality of discharge holes in the circumferential direction and the adjacent discharge holes are evenly spaced, and the discharge holes are arranged above the discharge hole.
  • annular sealing block 13 there is an annular sealing block 13 and the annular sealing block 13 is coaxial with the discharge tube 12, the annular sealing block 13 is matched and sealed with the upper portion of the inner wall of the extrusion port outer wall 11 and the annular sealing block 13 is movable along the axis of the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port.
  • a control mechanism is connected to the lower end of the tube 12 and the control mechanism is received in a cavity formed by the annular sealing block 13 and the outer wall 11 of the extrusion crucible.
  • the control mechanism includes a restriction block 14 coaxially connected to the discharge tube.
  • the lower end of 12 and the restriction block 14 are coaxial double-circular table shape, and the restriction block 14 is gradually increased from the top to the bottom of the circular table first and then gradually decreases, and the round table bus bar at the lower portion of the restriction block 14 is parallel to the bus bar of the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port.
  • the restriction block 14 is provided with a plurality of guide holes, the guide The material hole includes a plurality of first guiding holes and a second guiding hole, the first guiding hole is disposed on the circular table of the upper portion of the limiting block 14, and the first guiding hole is formed by the annular sealing block 13 and the extruded outer wall 11
  • the cavity is matched with the discharge hole disposed at the lower end of the discharge tube 12, the second guide hole is coaxially disposed at the bottom of the lower round table of the restriction block 14, and the second guide hole is in communication with the first guide hole, and is squeezed
  • the bottom of the outlet outer wall 11 is provided with an extrusion port and the extrusion port communicates with the inner cavity of the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port, the extrusion port is coaxial with the second guide hole and the radius of the extrusion port matches the radius of the lower table of the restriction block 14 and the second guide
  • the diameter of the hole is smaller than the diameter of the extrusion port.
  • the middle of the discharge tube 12 is provided with a guiding mechanism.
  • the guiding end of the guiding mechanism is connected with the output end of the driving mechanism 20 and can drive the discharge tube 12 to move in the direction of its own axis.
  • the guiding mechanism can be used for guiding the row.
  • the material tube 12 and the traction restriction block 14 are moved in the direction of the central axis of the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port, so that the adjustment of the opening size of the outer wall 11 of the extrusion crucible can be achieved.
  • the adjacent first guide holes are evenly spaced and the axis of the first guide hole is perpendicular to the side of the truncated cone on the restriction block 14.
  • the guiding mechanism includes a dial 15 disposed at a wall portion of the discharge tube 12, the dial 15 is symmetrically disposed along the axis of the discharge tube 12, and the axis of the dial 15 is distributed along the radial direction of the discharge tube 12.
  • the dial block 15 is connected to the output end of the driving mechanism 20; when the discharge tube 12 moves along its own axis, the lower circular table of the restriction block 14 and the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port can be switched from the matching state to the disengaged state, or the limiting block can be made. The lower circular table 14 and the extruded outer wall 11 are switched from the disengaged state to the matched state.
  • the driving mechanism 20 includes a motor 21 and a guiding block 22, and the first blocking groove and the second avoiding groove are respectively disposed on the searching block 22, and the center lines of the first avoiding groove and the second avoiding groove are respectively respectively respectively.
  • the large surface of the vertical guiding block 22, the center line of the longitudinal direction of the first escape groove is perpendicular to the axis of the discharge tube 12, and the center line of the longitudinal direction of the first escape groove is collinear/parallel to the center line of the longitudinal direction of the second escape groove,
  • a escaping groove is provided for the discharge tube 12 to pass through and the guiding block 22 is movable along the length of the first escaping groove.
  • the first escaping groove is provided with guide rails on both sides thereof and the center line of the guide rail depth direction is perpendicular to the axis of the discharge tube 12, and the guide rail is
  • the guide rail can push the dial block 15 and pull the discharge tube 12 to move along the axial direction thereof, and the output shaft and the guiding block of the motor 21 22 is connected and the motor can provide a rotational force to drive the guiding block 22 to translate the guiding direction of the guiding block 22 to the vertical rail depth direction centerline.
  • the heating mechanism 30 is connected to the discharge pipe 12 and can heat the consumables in the discharge pipe 12.
  • the heating mechanism 30 includes a casing, and the casing is provided with a discharge pipe 12 and a guide.
  • the inner chamber of the block 22 and the housing inner chamber are provided with a heat source along the axial direction of the discharge tube 22.
  • the storage mechanism 40 includes a storage chamber for storing consumables.
  • the outer wall of the storage chamber is coaxially provided with a plurality of annular fins and adjacent annular fins are evenly spaced;
  • the consumables in the storage chamber dissipate heat to prevent the consumables in the storage chamber from being thermally transferred by the dither tube 12 and causing excessive temperature to cause damage and softening of the consumables in the storage chamber.
  • the dial 15 In operation, in the first working state, the dial 15 is located at one end of the guide rail near the second escape groove, and at this time, the gap between the lower round table of the restriction block 14 and the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port has a gap through which the consumables pass and the discharge radius of the extrusion port
  • the heating mechanism 30 operates and the heat source heats the consumables transported by the discharge pipe 12, and the consumption after heating is discharged from the discharge hole at the bottom of the discharge pipe 12 to the annular seal block 13 and the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port and the material limit.
  • the consumables in the cavity are respectively pressed to the extrusion port through the gap between the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port and the lower round table of the restriction block 14 and the guide hole of the restriction block 14 and extruded by the crucible Extrude to the print work surface.
  • the motor 21 In the second working state, when the printing precision needs to be improved and the consumable extrusion radius needs to be reduced, the motor 21 operates, and the output shaft of the motor 21 drives the guiding block 22 to move toward the motor 21 in the longitudinal direction center line of the first escape groove and the first
  • the second escape groove is configured to extend along the axis of the second escape groove toward the end of the first escape groove, and the guide block 22 is relatively displaced from the discharge pipe 12 during the movement of the first escape groove, and is disposed on the guide block 22
  • the guide rail applies a force to the dial block 15 in the longitudinal direction of the vertical rail and the force is directed by the dial block 15 toward the outer wall 11 of the extrusion jaw.
  • the dial block 15 moves along the axis of the discharge tube 12 toward the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port under the force of the guide rail 15 .
  • the discharge tube 12 connected thereto is driven to move toward the extrusion port along its own axis and drive the restriction block 14 to move toward the extrusion port.
  • the restriction block 14 moves to the extrusion port
  • the restriction block The lower circular table of 14 is sealingly matched with the side surface of the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port, and the bottom surface of the lower circular table is flush with the extrusion port, and the extrusion radius of the extrusion port is the lower circular table of the restriction block 14
  • the radius of the second guide hole and the radius of the extrusion port result in a decrease in the extrusion amount of the consumables under the same pressure state, and the consumables are transported by the storage mechanism 40 through the discharge pipe 12 to the annular seal block 13 and the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port.
  • the cavity formed by the upper circular table of the block 14 is inserted into the cavity and then extruded from the guide hole of the restriction block 14 to the printing work surface and cooled and formed on the printing work surface.
  • the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port is connected to the housing of the heating mechanism 30 through the threaded connection member 16, and the threaded connection member 16 is coaxially sleeved on the discharge tube 12, and the heating mechanism 30 is provided with a mounting hole and a mounting hole and a discharge material.
  • the tube 12 is coaxial, the threaded connection member 16 includes an upper threaded connection member, a lower threaded connection member and the upper threaded connection member is mated with the mounting hole of the housing of the heating mechanism 30, and the lower threaded connection member is matched with the end of the extrusion port outer wall 11 away from the extrusion port;
  • the upper threaded connection sleeve sleeved on the outside of the discharge tube 12 can stabilize the discharge tube 12 and avoid the radial runout of the discharge tube 12, and the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port is heated by providing the threaded connection member 16.
  • the mechanism 30 is fixed and the whiteness of the discharge tube 12 in its circumferential direction is zero.
  • the discharge tube 12 is freed in the circumferential direction by the threaded connection member 16.
  • the degree of limitation ensures that the discharge tube 12 is displaced only in its circumferential direction when driven by the block 15, and the lower circular table of the restriction block 14 can be matched with the tapered surface of the outer wall of the extrusion port to ensure stable operation without preparation.
  • a printing method for a dual-caliber, variable-flow 3D printer the steps of which include:
  • the restriction block 14 is in a matching sealing state with the inner wall of the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port, and the extrusion radius is the radius of the second guide hole.
  • the power is turned on, and the heat source in the heating mechanism 30 heats the consumables located in the discharge pipe 12 to the melt.
  • the molten state consumables are discharged from the discharge end of the storage mechanism 40 along the axis of the discharge pipe 12 toward the bottom of the discharge pipe 12, and are discharged into the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port by the discharge hole at the lower end of the discharge pipe 12. a sealing block 13 and a cavity formed by the restriction block 14;
  • the radius of the limiting block gradually increases from the top to the bottom of the circular table and then gradually decreases and the lower part of the limiting block is rounded.
  • the bus bar is parallel with the bus bar of the outer wall of the extruded crucible, and the limiting block is provided with a plurality of guiding holes, the guiding hole comprises a plurality of first guiding holes and a second guiding hole, and the first guiding hole is disposed at the limiting material a circular table on the upper part of the block, the first guide hole can be connected to the outer hole formed by the outer wall of the extrusion port through the bad seal block and the discharge hole disposed at the lower end of the discharge pipe, and the second guide hole is coaxially disposed at the limit a bottom portion of the lower round table of the block and a second guide hole communicating with the first guide hole; so that the molten state consumable in the outer wall 11, the annular seal block 13 and the restriction block 14 forming the cavity are formed by the second guide hole Extrusion out of the extrusion port 11;
  • the motor 21 When the printing accuracy requirement is lowered or the extrusion radius needs to be increased, the motor 21 is operated, and the output shaft of the motor 21 drives the guiding block 22 connected thereto to move in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the discharge tube 12, and the guiding block 22 is disposed.
  • the connecting restriction block 14 moves along the axis of the discharge tube 12 in a direction away from the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port and creates a gap between the restriction block 14 and the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port, and the extrusion radius is the radius of the extrusion port of the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port.
  • the molten state consumables located in the cavity formed by the extruded outer wall 11, the annular sealing block 13 and the restriction block 14 respectively pass through the gap between the restriction block 14 and the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port, and the second guide of the restriction block 14 The hole is squeezed to the extrusion port and squeezed by the squeeze port to print work.
  • the annular fin of the outer wall of the storage chamber can dissipate the consumables in the storage chamber, prevent the consumables in the storage chamber from being thermally conducted by the discharge tube 12 and cause the temperature to be too high to cause the storage chamber. Damage and softening of internal consumables.
  • step S3 when the guide rail driving block 15 moves toward the bottom of the guiding block 22 and drives the discharge tube 12 to move toward the outer wall 11 of the extrusion port, the outer wall of the extrusion port passes through the screw connection member and the heating mechanism housing.
  • the threaded connection comprises an upper threaded connection, a lower threaded connection and the upper threaded connection is matched with the mounting hole of the heating mechanism housing, the lower threaded connection and the outer wall of the extrusion port Keeping away from the end of the extrusion port; the threaded connection 16 acts as a stabilizing effect on the discharge tube 12 and avoids the radial runout of the discharge tube 12; the degree of freedom of the discharge tube 12 in the circumferential direction is achieved by the threaded connection 16
  • the limitation ensures that the discharge pipe 12 is displaced only in its circumferential direction when driven by the dial block 15.

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Abstract

本发明公布了一种双口径3D打印机喷头，其包括挤出口外壁、排料管，挤出口外壁呈锥状并且设置有与挤出口外壁同轴线的内腔，排料管可向挤出口外壁的内腔注入熔融态耗材，排料管下端侧壁沿周向设置有若干排料孔并且相邻排料孔呈均匀间隔分布，排料管下端连接有控制机构并且控制机构收纳于环形密封块与挤出口外壁形成的空腔，所述的控制机构包括限料块，限料块同轴连接于排料管的下端并且限料块呈同轴双圆台状，限料块由顶部至底部圆台半径先逐渐增大再逐渐减小，限料块上设置有若干第一导料孔、第二导料孔，第一导料孔设置于限料块上部的圆台，第一导料孔可通过环形密封块与挤出口外壁形成的空腔与设置于排料管下端部的排料孔相接通。

Description

一种双口径3D打印机喷头 技术领域
本发明涉及一种3D打印机挤出口，具体涉及一种双口径、变流量式3D打印机挤出口。
背景技术
3D打印机是一种累积制造技术，即快速成形技术的一种机器，它是一种数字模型文件为基础，运用特殊蜡材、粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过打印一层层的粘合材料来制造三维的物体，觋阶段3D打印机采用逐层打印的方式来构成与制造产品。
3D打印机挤出口用于将粘合材料由储料腔挤出至打印工作而，现有的打印机挤出口多采用固定口径并且单位时间内由挤出口挤出的粘合材料量定值，其缺陷在于：当生产对打印的精度要求不同时，挤出口的口径与挤出量不能随之相应变化，即精度要求较高时，固定囗径无法满足生产精度要求，精度要求较低时，固定口径的挤出量较小，打印效率较低。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明的目的提供一种具有两种口径3D打印机挤出口并且不同口径的切换无需中断打印机的打印过程，同时本发明还具有流量可控的功能并且可根据实际打印的需要调整挤出口的单位时间挤出量。
一种双口径3D打印机喷头，其包括挤出口外壁、排料管，挤出口外壁呈锥状并且设置有与挤出口外壁同轴线的内腔，排料管可向挤出口外壁的内腔注入熔融态耗材，排料管下端侧壁沿周向设置有若十排料孔并且相邻排料孔呈均匀间隔分布，排料孔上方设置有环形密封块并且环形密封块与排料管同轴，环形密封块与挤出口外壁内腔上部匹配并密封并且环形密封块可沿挤出口外壁 的轴线移动，排料管下端连接有控制机构并且控制机构收纳于环形密封块与挤出口外壁形成的空腔，所述的控制机构包括限料块，限料块同轴连接于排料管的下端并且限料块呈同轴双圆台状，限料块由顶部至底部圆台半径先逐渐增大再逐渐减小并且限料块下部的圆台母线与挤出口外壁的母线平行，限料块上设置有若干导料孔，所述的导料孔包括若干第一导料孔、第二导料孔，第一导料孔设置于限料块上部的圆台，第一导料孔可通过环形密封块与挤出口外壁形成的空腔与设置于排料管下端部的排料孔相接通，第二导料孔同轴设置于限料块下部圆台的底部并且第二导料孔与第一导料孔连通，挤出口外壁的底部设置有挤出口并且挤出口与挤出口外壁的内腔连通，挤出口与第二导料孔同轴并且挤出口半径与限料块下部圆台半径匹配且第二导料孔的直径小于挤出囗直径。
可选地，所述排料管中部设置有引导机构，引导机构的引导端与驱动机构的输出端连接并且可驱动排料管沿自身轴线方向运动，引导机构可用于引导排料管并牵引限料块沿挤出口外壁的中心轴线方向运动，可实现挤出口外壁开口尺寸的调整。
可选地，所述的引导机构包括设置于排料管壁部的拨块，拨块沿排料管轴线对称设置并且拨块的轴线沿排料管的径向分布，拨块与驱动机构的输出端部连接：驱动机构的输出端部可推动拨块并牵引排料管沿自身轴线运动，可使限料块下部圆台与挤出口外壁由匹配状态转换为脱离状态，或使限料块下部圆台与挤出口外壁由脱离状态转换为匹配状态。
可选地，所述的驱动机构包括电机、引导块，电机的输出轴端连接引导块并可驱动引导块沿垂直于排列管中心轴线的方向运动，引导块上设置有与安装于排列管壁部的拨块相匹配的导轨，引导块的平移过程中可推动拨块并牵引排列管沿其中心轴线运动，排料管运动过程中驱动与其连接限料块沿排料管的轴线方向运动并调整限料块与挤出口外壁之间的间隙。
本发明与现有技术相比，取得的进步以及优点在于本发明的一种双口径、变流量式3D打印机挤出口具有挤出口半径可调、挤出流量可调的功能；通过电机控制引导块平移并且在引导块平移过程中引导块沿第一避让槽长度方向与排料管发生相对位移，排料管沿自身轴线运动过程中驱动与其连接的限料块向远离挤出口外壁的方向运动，限料块在远离挤出口外壁过程中，挤出半径由 第二导料孔半径变为挤出口外壁的挤出口半径，实现了挤出半径增大、挤出量增大的功能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图做简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明第一状态剖面示意图。
图3为本发明第二状态剖面示意图。
图4为本发明导料机构示意图。
图5为本发明驱动机构示意图。
图6为本发明驱动机构示意图。
图中各个标号意义为：10.导料机构，11.挤出口外壁，12.排料管，13.环形密封块，14.限料块，15.拨块，16.螺纹连接件，20.驱动机构，21.电机，22.引导块，30.加热机构，40.贮料机构。
具体实施方式
下而结合木发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术力案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下，所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护范围。
参见附图1，本发明的一种双口径、变流量式3D打印机挤出口包括导料机构10、驱动机构20、加热机构30、贮料机构40，贮料机构40设置有内腔并且内腔储存有用于打印工件的耗材，贮料机构40底部的排料端与导料机构10的部的进料端连接，所述的导料机构10用于将耗材由贮料机构40挤压至位于导料机构10排料端下方的打印工作面，导料机构10的中部设置有提供耗材 熔融所需热源的加热机构30，导料机构10还包括控制机构、引导机构，所述控制机构安装于导料机构用的底部并且可用于控制耗材的挤出口径、挤出流量，所述的引导机构设置于导料机构10的中部，引导机构的引导端与驱动机构20的输出端连接并且通过驱动机构20的输出端可驱动引导机构的引导端在导料方向上发生位移。
更为完的，所述的耗材可为粘合塑料、光敏树胶、金属粉末、陶瓷、食用油脂中的任一种或多种。
更优的，参见附图2-4，所述的导料机构10包括挤出口外壁11、排料管12，挤出口外壁11呈锥状并且设置有与挤出口外壁11同轴线的内腔，排料管12与贮料机构40底部的排料端连通，排料管上12下端侧壁沿周向设置有若干排料孔并且相邻排料孔呈均匀间隔分布，排料孔上方设置有环形密封块13并且环形密封块13与排料管上12同轴，环形密封块13与挤出口外壁11内腔上部匹配并密封并且环形密封块13可沿挤出口外壁11的轴线移动，排料管12下端连接有控制机构并且控制机构收纳于环形密封块13与挤出囗外壁11形成的空腔，所述的控制机构包括限料块14，限料块14同轴连接于排料管12的下端并且限料块14是同轴双圆台状，限料块14由顶部至底部圆台半径先逐渐增大再逐渐减小并且限料块14下部的圆台母线与挤出口外壁11的母线平行，限料块14上设置有若干导料孔，所述的导料孔包括若干第一导料孔、第二导料孔，第一导料孔设置于限料块14上部的圆台，第一导料孔可通过环形密封块13与挤出囗外壁11形成的空腔与设置于排料管12下端部的排料孔相匹配，第二导料孔同轴设置于限料块14下部圆台的底部并且第二导料孔与第一导料孔连通，挤出口外壁11的底部设置有挤出口并且挤出口与挤出口外壁11的内腔连通，挤出口与第二导料孔同轴并且挤出口半径与限料块14下部圆台半径匹配且第二导料孔的直径小于挤出口直径，排料管12中部设置有引导机构，引导机构的引导端与驱动机构20的输出端连接并且可驱动排料管12沿自身轴线方向运动，引导机构可用于引导排料管12并牵引限料块14沿挤出口外壁11的中心轴线方向运动，可实现挤出囗外壁11开口尺寸的调整。
更优的，相邻第一导料孔呈均匀间隔分布并且第一导料孔的轴线垂直于限料块14上圆台的侧面。
更为具体的，所述的引导机构包括设置于排料管12壁部的拨块15，拔块15沿排料管12轴线对称设置并且拨块15的轴线沿排料管12的径向分布，拨块15与驱动机构20的输出端部连接；排料管12沿自身轴线运动时，可使限料块14下部圆台与挤出口外壁11由匹配状态转换为脱离状态，或使限料块14下部圆台与挤出囗外壁11由脱离状态转换为匹配状态。
更优的，所述的驱动机构20包括电机21、引导块22，引寻块22上分别设置有第一避让槽、第二避让槽并且第一避让槽、第二避让槽深度方向中心线分别垂直引导块22的大面，第一避让槽的长度方向中心线与排料管12的轴线垂直并且第一避让槽的长度方向中心线与第二避让槽长度方向中心线共线/平行，第一避让槽可供排料管12穿过并且引导块22可沿第一避让槽长度方向移动，第一避让槽两侧设置有导轨并且导轨深度方向中心线垂直于排料管12轴线，导轨呈倾斜设置并与拨块15相匹配，且引导块22沿第一避让槽长度方向移动时，导轨可推动拨块15并牵引排料管12沿其轴线方向运动，电机21的输出轴与引导块22连接并且电机可提供旋转力驱动引导块22平移引导块22的平移方向垂直导轨深度方向中心线。
更为完善的，加热机构30外套接于排料管12并且可对排料管12内的耗材进行加热，所述的加热机构30包括壳体，壳体设置有可收纳排料管12、引导块22的内腔并且壳体内腔沿排料管22轴线方向设置有热源。
更优的，所述的贮料机构40包括可储存耗材的贮料腔，贮料腔外壁同轴设置有若干环形散热片并且相邻环形散热片呈均匀间隔分布；采用该布局力式可对贮料腔内耗材进行散热，防止贮料腔内耗材受抖料管12的热传导并导致温度过高引起贮料腔内耗材的损坏、软化。
工作时，第一工作状态下，拨块15位于导轨近第二避让槽的一端，此时限料块14下部圆台与挤出口外壁11之间具有可供耗材通过的间隙并且挤出口的排料半径为挤出口半径，加热机构30工作并热源对排料管12运输的耗材进行加热，加热后的耗利由排料管12底部排料孔排出至环形密封块13与挤出口外壁11以及限料块14上部圆台形成的空腔，空腔内的耗材分别通过挤出口外壁11与限料块14下部圆台之间的空隙、限料块14的导料孔挤压至挤出口并由挤出囗挤出至打印工作面。
第二工作状态下，当打印精度需要提高、耗材挤出半径需要减小时，电机21工作，电机21的输出轴驱动引导块22沿第一避让槽长度方向中心线向靠近电机21方向运动并且第二避让槽可供输出轴沿第二避让槽轴线向靠近第一避让槽一端延伸，引导块22沿第一避让槽长度方向运动过程中与排料管12发生相对位移，设置于引导块22的导轨对拨块15施加垂直导轨长度方向的作用力并且该作用力由拨块15指向挤出囗外壁11，拨块15在导轨的作用力下沿排料管12轴线向挤出口外壁11方向运动，拨块15运动过程中驱动与其连接的排料管12沿自身轴线向靠近挤出口方向运动并且驱动限料块14向挤出口方向运动，当限料块14运动至挤出口处时，限料块14的下部圆台与挤出口外壁11的侧面密封匹配并且下部圆台底面与挤出口位于同一平而，此时挤出口的挤出半径为限料块14下部圆台的第二导料孔半径，挤出口半径减小导致相同压力状态下，耗材的挤出量减小，耗材由贮料机构40经排料管12运输至环形密封块13与挤出口外壁11以及限料块14上部圆台形成的空腔，耗材进入空腔后由限料块14的导料孔挤出至打印工作面并在打印工作面上冷却成型。
更为完善的，挤出口外壁11通过螺纹连接件16与加热机构30壳体连接，并且螺纹连接件16同轴套接于排料管12，加热机构30设置有安装孔并且安装孔与排料管12同轴，螺纹连接件16包括上螺纹连接件、下螺纹连接件并且上螺纹连接件与加热机构30壳体的安装孔匹配、下螺纹连接件与挤出口外壁11远离挤出口一端匹配；套接于排料管12外部的上螺纹连接件可对排料管12起到稳固作用，并且避免排料管12产生径向的跳动，通过设置螺纹连接件16，使挤出口外壁11与加热机构30固定并且使排料管12在其周向的白由度为零，当导轨驱动拨块15向引导块22底部运动时，通过螺纹连接件16对排料管12在周向方向进行自由度的限定，保证了排料管12受拨块15驱动时只沿自身周向发生位移，进而限料块14的下部圆台能够与挤出口外壁的锥面匹配，确保了没备的稳定运行。
一种双口径、变流量式3D打印机的打印方法，其步骤包括：
S1、限料块14与挤出口外壁11内壁处于匹配密封状态并且挤出半径为第二导料孔半径，接通电源，加热机构30内的热源将位于排料管12内的耗材加热至熔态，熔融态的耗材由贮料机构40排料端排出沿排料管12的轴线向排料管12的底部流动并由排料管12下端部的排料孔排入挤出口外壁11、环形密封 块13以及限料块14形成的空腔内；
S2、由于限料块同轴连接于排料管的下端并且限料块呈同轴双圆台状，限料块由顶部至底部圆台半径先逐渐增大再逐渐减小并且限料块下部的圆台母线与挤出囗外壁的母线平行，限料块上设置有若干导料孔，所述的导料孔包括若干第一导料孔、第二导料孔，第一导料孔设置于限料块上部的圆台，第一导料孔可通过坏形密封块与挤出口外壁形成的空腔与设置于排料管下端部的排料孔相接通，第二导料孔同轴设置于限料块下部圆台的底部并且第二导料孔与第一导料孔连通；使得位于挤出口外壁11、环形密封块13以及限料块14形成空腔内的熔融态耗材由第二导料孔挤压出挤出口外11；
S3、当打印精度要求降低或者挤出半径需要增大时，电机21工作，电机21的输出轴驱动与其连接的引导块22沿垂直于排料管12的中心轴线方向运动，引导块22上设置有与安装于排列管12壁部的拨块15相匹配的导轨，引导块22的平移过程中可推动拔块15并牵引排列管12沿其中心轴线向上运动，排料管12运动过程中驱动与其连接限料块14沿排料管12的轴线向远离挤出口外壁11的方向运动并使限料块14与挤出口外壁11之间产生间隙，挤出半径为挤出口外壁11的挤出口半径；位于挤出囗外壁11、环形密封块13以及限料块14形成空腔内的熔融态耗材分别通过限料块14与挤出口外壁11之间的间隙、限料块14的第二导料孔挤压至挤出口并由挤山口挤压至打印工作而。
更优的，在上述步骤Sl中，贮料腔外壁的环形散热片可对贮料腔内耗材进行散热，防止贮料腔内耗材受排料管12的热传导并导致温度过高引起贮料腔内耗材的损坏、软化。
更为完善的，在上述步骤S3中，当导轨驱动拨块15向引导块22底部运动并驱动排料管12向挤出口外壁11运动时，由于挤出口外壁通过螺纹连接件与加热机构壳体连接，并且螺纹连接件同轴接于排料管，螺纹连接件包括上螺纹连接件、下螺纹连接件并且上螺纹连接件与加热机构壳体的安装孔匹配、下螺纹连接件与挤出口外壁远离挤出口一端匹配；螺纹连接件16对排料管12起到稳固作用，并且避免排料管12产生径向的跳动；通过螺纹连接件16对排料管12在周向方向进行自由度的限定，保证了排料管12受拨块15驱动时只沿自身周向发生位移。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明：对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本发明中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离木发明的精神或者范围的情况下，在其他实施例中实现。因此，冰发明将不会被限定于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种双口径3D打印机喷头，其中，包括挤出口外壁、排料管，挤出口外壁呈锥状并且设置有与挤出口外壁同轴线的内腔，排料管可向挤出口外壁的内腔注入熔融态耗材，排料管下端侧壁沿周向设置有若十排料孔并且相邻排料孔呈均匀间隔分布，排料孔上方设置有环形密封块并且环形密封块与排料管同轴，环形密封块与挤出口外壁内腔上部匹配并密封并且环形密封块可沿挤出口外壁的轴线移动，排料管下端连接有控制机构并且控制机构收纳于环形密封块与挤出口外壁形成的空腔，所述的控制机构包括限料块，限料块同轴连接于排料管的下端并且限料块呈同轴双圆台状，限料块由顶部至底部圆台半径先逐渐增大再逐渐减小并且限料块下部的圆台母线与挤出口外壁的母线平行，限料块上设置有若干导料孔，所述的导料孔包括若干第一导料孔、第二导料孔，第一导料孔设置于限料块上部的圆台，第一导料孔可通过环形密封块与挤出口外壁形成的空腔与设置于排料管下端部的排料孔相接通，第二导料孔同轴设置于限料块下部圆台的底部并且第二导料孔与第一导料孔连通，挤出口外壁的底部设置有挤出口并且挤出口与挤出口外壁的内腔连通，挤出口与第二导料孔同轴并且挤出口半径与限料块下部圆台半径匹配且第二导料孔的直径小于挤出囗直径。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双口径3D打印机喷头，其中，所述排料管中部设置有引导机构，引导机构的引导端与驱动机构的输出端连接并且可驱动排料管沿自身轴线方向运动，引导机构可用于引导排料管并牵引限料块沿挤出口外壁的中心轴线方向运动，可实现挤出口外壁开口尺寸的调整。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种双口径3D打印机喷头，其中，所述的引导机构包括设置于排料管壁部的拨块，拨块沿排料管轴线对称设置并且拨块的轴线沿排料管的径向分布，拨块与驱动机构的输出端部连接：驱动机构的输出端部可推动拨块并牵引排料管沿自身轴线运动，可使限料块下部圆台与挤出口外壁由匹配状态转换为脱离状态，或使限料块下部圆台与挤出口外壁由脱离状态转换为匹配状态。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种双口径3D打印机喷头，其中，所述的驱动机构包括电机、引导块，电机的输出轴端连接引导块并可驱动引导块沿垂直于 排列管中心轴线的方向运动，引导块上设置有与安装于排列管壁部的拨块相匹配的导轨，引导块的平移过程中可推动拨块并牵引排列管沿其中心轴线运动，排料管运动过程中驱动与其连接限料块沿排料管的轴线方向运动并调整限料块与挤出口外壁之间的间隙。
PCT/CN2018/094272 2017-07-27 2018-07-03 一种双口径 3d 打印机喷头 Ceased WO2019019882A1 (zh)

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