WO2019016578A1

WO2019016578A1 - Interchangeable battery for electric vehicles (ibev) and ibev station

Info

Publication number: WO2019016578A1
Application number: PCT/IB2017/054318
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ehsan PARANDIN
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-07-18
Filing date: 2017-07-18
Publication date: 2019-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 2020-01-18

Abstract

L'invention porte sur des batteries de véhicules électriques, des batteries remplaçables par l'utilisateur, un système de charge, un procédé de remplacement pour ces batteries et des véhicules électriques, une augmentation de la durée de vie utile de ces batteries, une diminution du temps de charge des batteries et un plan modulaire déterminé qui maintiennent la capacité de fabrication de toutes les batteries existantes sans observer la facilité d'utilisation et la forme générale de la batterie.The invention relates to electric vehicle batteries, user replaceable batteries, a charging system, a replacement method for such batteries and electric vehicles, an increase in the useful life of these batteries, a decrease in battery charging time and a specific modular plan that maintain the manufacturing capacity of all existing batteries without observing the ease of use and overall shape of the battery.

Description

Interchangeable battery for electric vehicles (IBEV) and IBEV station

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention is in the field of the following:

• Interchangeable battery for electric vehicle (IBEV)

• IBEV station

• The charging systems and battery test of the electric vehicles

• The sequential pneumatic connections

• The modular battery

BACKGROUND IN THE FIELD OF PRESENT INVENTION

Generally, One complete battery package includes at least several modules, which each of them is contained in several cells (battery), at least one connection port, connection cables, protective sheets, several sensors, particular ports for cooling system, and other connecting pieces.

Generally, the components of modern electric vehicle batteries are made from two types of lithium" Li" and lithium-ion" Li-ion" and in fact, the presented one relates to Li-ion which encompasses more capacity, more lifetime, and the best power to weight ratio storage. The emerging series Nickel Metal Hydride that is not used in this industry seriously.

These days, charging is possible AC power, through dedicated locations with wire and wireless, superchargers (just for TESLA).

In the field of interchangeable battery, to date, in the form of several theoretical discussions and scientific activities in cyberspace, two patents are presented with No. EP2614982 and NO. US8146694 which both of them are different from the present invention. In the light of practical activities carried that are possible with changing battery package completely with another package as temporary battery (Tesla swap station) or changing full package batteries (Better place) with another full package, In both cases failed.

PROBLEMS:

1- Battery life is restricted, they will lose their major and desired efficacy after about 5 years, whether you use them or not.

2- Batteries have, the less useful life in comparison with other pieces of the vehicle, the price of existing batteries is extortionate in comparison with the total price of the vehicle as a result there is an intense price decrease in second hand markets for this vehicle. On the other hand, their guarantees are restricted to the battery life time. - The distance that the electric vehicle traveled in each per charge isn't appropriate for long distance, although in recent years, there is significant progress in the process but the electric vehicle need to be recharged.

- Existing batteries charging through the present methods will embrace abounding cutbacks.

- The charging via AC Power takes too much time, (nearly 8 hours)

- The charging along super charge stations will abate functional battery life and it furthermore demands long time for one charging."Super charging stations, will charge 50 percent during 20 minutes and 80 percent during 80 minutes, and utterly we can express that they will escalate charging time 16 times quicker, however, the problem is that the useful life of the battery inserted in damage.

-Owner has to pay surplus expense when purchasing the same battery, through Station Swap Tesla Method in addition that interchangeable battery remain for driver, he has to refer to the first station to interchange his own battery and to deliver his own new battery or he shall pay the price for interchanging the battery in the new destination. That is, if the station has 100 batteries for delivery, it will leave the operational capability after servicing 100 devices until when it receives one of its preliminary batteries and it will be ready for second charging after servicing.

4- Changing by "Better place": In each station should keep a high quantity of all existing battery models which was impossible practically and for stations, there was no possibility to set up and corresponding themselves with electric vehicle market changes based on these great variability volumes for batteries. (the Better place company declared bankrupt in the 2013)

5- Electric vehicle batteries are expensive and a significant price of electric vehicles relates in battery, on other hand the manufacturer companies for these vehicles, guarantee batteries for 5 years and after this time, the user has to pay the high expense of purchasing another battery.

6- The existing batteries designed for the desired function based on special climates. Those batteries made for working in moderate or cold climates, for instance, will show low efficacy in hot climate and vice versa. That means, in long trip or countries with different climates cannot utilize all electric vehicles advantages.

7- according to the small market of the existing electric vehicles, Battery manufacturers are not motivated for the enhancement of useful battery life, because electric vehicles hold special up to date market, in fact, low life of batteries guarantees second sale of one battery generation for a long time.

8- Electric vehicle batteries will recycle with recovery of other batteries. There is not a particular and general process for their specialized recovery.

9- The vehicle manufacturers are unable to fundamental and rapid change in the all their products, This requires a long time.

PURPOSES

Enhancement of electric vehicles efficacy at all levels will be described following:

1- Consumer of the vehicle

- There is no responsibility, health cost of the useful life of the battery.

(Similar to the relationship between the quality of gasoline and gasoline consumer)

- There is no a sharp drop in prices for second-hand cars as the result of reducing the useful life of the battery

- The increased recharge time should be at least in the vehicle.

2- Vehicle manufacturer

- There is no limitation for manufacturer for designing

- The useful life of the battery should not restrict the guarantee period. 3- Battery manufacturer

- Changing the policy of battery manufacturer from more sales to better services.

4- Energy supply for vehicle charging

- Optimizing the use of fossil fuels table and shifting the vehicle from fossil fuels to cleaner fuels in the table

5- Reserves used for production, repair, recycling these batteries

- Organizing the repair and recycling and maximum usage of all batteries according to the current conditions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This present invention has two main parts; first interchangeable battery and second the stations for them. In advance, an interchangeable battery pack is described and then, the function of them is reviewed in the form of the system.

INTERCHANGEABLE BATTERIES:

One complete pack of the battery includes chassis, body, some modules with particular geometry, and connecting them with one battery head. (Figure 1)

With producing each vehicle, one battery pack is added to the system, which includes chassis (101), body protector (102), and battery head (300) that are fixed and some modules (200) are just changeable parts of this process. Each pack has ordering unique pattern module. The stations for changing battery set based on ordering accordance with original package, and also receiving the code of the ordering. After separating the original parts (chassis, body protector, battery head, modules), just change the exited modules with charged and tested one. It be followed to describe one full package battery.

1-1 MODULES

Generally, one module (figure 2) includes one body with x, 2 x dimensions with determining long (L) and unique identification. The placement method for these parts abreast together and their decoration determined for having more variable geometrical shapes and electrical and physical connection to each other. Each module holds a specific heat sink (201) for temperature controlling, for cells are used and the structure of the modules, this system has a capacity for using, modules is considered as a body with "x" and "2x" and 1 dimensions and the terminals (205) can connect to the connection diaphragm and it must be mentioned that, there is no limitation for the components and numbers of the terminals (205). (In the presented module, it defines the modules with three terminals that is just for introducing the capability of the ordering and different relationships between modules and sequential pneumatic connections. Each module has three dips and also three bumps on its body (202). These features are for quick connect sliding ( Slidable) to each other in addition of that they are sitting and allowing to connect to any kind of the ordering.

Each module has one public and one unique identification. The public identification (figure 2) that is determined by 204, is a station for changing the battery for recognizing the placement of the module in the ordering package of the battery by B unit. In this invention the public symbol in module is a green square in the below, in the right side, the red circle at the top and the left side. (The circle and square and green and red color and the placement of them, has just been as an example and it can use any kind of symbol that is related to the B unit sensors can be used). The unique identification for each module has the particular RFID (radio frequency identification chip) which will be used for observing and searching about the information on consumption and searching for raising the efficiency in the long time. At the below and top of the each module is embedded the heat sink during it, that is shown by 201. (Figure 2) 1-2 BATTERY HEAD

This is made by the vehicle manufacturer (300) and it will only be for that model of car and has the duty to determine the kind of relationship between modules and to transfer the power to the vehicle, to control, the package temperature and is battery safety unit at the time of the accident. An External communication port on the battery includes; sequential pneumatic connections (306-307), Electronic communication port package (304) and Input port air conditioning system package (301). These components will be explained separately.

Battery head must be designed, the location of the input sequential pneumatic connections (307-306) has an almost standard place that is guarantee the speed of the changing process.

Battery head has included the following:

Pneumatic Connector:

One serial pneumatic system, which connects the battery terminals with other battery head cables used for module connections (Figure 3). The goal of this designing is a process which using the single unit, have a variant connection with the amounts and kind of the module connection and also have opening and closing ability. In addition. This mechanical system has a design to have ability to function in the long time that is described in detailed following.

The diaphragm connection has two air movement channel. Channel (306) relates to the closing the sequential diaphragm connection that we called is going channel, the channels relates to the sequence diaphragm connection, we called the returning channel. Both channels use the air pressure in the same direction. The air pressure in the going channel (306) rotates the disk drive to 80 degrees by forcing the first papillae connected to the disk drive and put these papillae in the location of the channel separators (401) and open the air movement path for transferring to the next connection. Concurrent with this process, the second papillae connected to the disk drive (413) in the returning channel is placed in the operating position a with air pressure applied in the returning channel can make the separation process.

For clarifying more, one sequential pneumatic connector is divided into the two parts; the fixed and the moving parts. The fixed part includes; going channel and returning channel and channel separation (401-307-306) and rest of components defined as an interlocking mechanism and also in connection with the moving parts.

The moving part of the outer layer includes two hard drives wedges, two small fixed disks in the center, five diaphragms attached to both disks by pins. The components of diaphragm (404) each of them is the fixed pin (411), Rotating fixed disk (409) and one moving pin (412) in the disk drive slot (405) due to the their connection to the hard disk (403) and fixed disk, When the two disks rotate relative to each other, the diaphragm (404) is rotated and will move toward the center or out. For doing this rotation, The inner layer of each hard disk (403) for each component of the groove of the diaphragm (405) as limiter is placed in the moving pin diaphragm path, in fact, is the determinant the direction of the pin. (In the present invention is considered the diaphragm with five members, which can be varied). To maintain a connection after moving, use two pistons supply torque (406) which connects the outer layer disks, In this way, rotary-piston fixed pin torque (505) is placed on the central fixed disk and moving pin (504) is moving on the outer groove disk drive (408). The movement defied by the moving piston pin Supply torque (504) in the outer groove disk drive. No damage to the external hard drive slots in the and the moving pin, the movement is controlled by the protection limit that has been fixed in the body. The piston supply of torque (figure 14 and 15) has one package case (501) includes one spring (502) and one shaft (503) which determines the amount of torque applied. By changing the spring stiffness, torque to the connection will also change. If you need to use a torque adjustable piston, the disk compression set of screws and springs can be used.

Functional description of the diaphragm connectors

One complete diaphragm connectors can be formed by joining the fixed and moving members together. With imaginging that the diaphragm is opened, (Cutting of steel framework and identify the position of the diaphragm, the figure 9 diaphragm connection with the open position) outlines consider closing the connection. Based on figure 6, with the opening of the diaphragm connections, the position of the going papillae (402) and piston set torque (406), its position will be opened . To force to the going papillae (402) by compressing air in the channel (306), the hard disk starts to rotate,

Piston pressure resistance is created. The rest of the disk drive (403) piston reaches the highest resistance and piston supply torque reaches its most compact mode and placed in an unstable state (at the middle of the moving path). For now, with the smallest force to the going papillae, this act continues to full closure and provides the energy needed to continue with the piston supply of torque (406). With the completion, the papillae placed in the sinking separator air channel (401) and the going channel path will be opened (306). Since the papillae were far from hard drive with 80 degrees, at the finishing of going movement , turning papillae will reach at the first of the movement path in the turning channel (307) and the connection will be reached to the appropriate operation mode to open the connections. The closure connection process happens in this way, but in the other direction, with the force to force applied by the returning channel. (Figure 10 shows the diaphragm in the closure mode).

According to the nature of the sequential pneumatic connectors, adjusting the air pressure defined constantly and in the going and returning channel and no need to change this pressure to the different batteries. In this process, the parameters that wasted the energy are the roughness coefficient of air channel and the geometry of the air transmission channels that can neglect due to the short length of the channel and high air pressure.

The advantages of usage sequential Pneumatic Connector

1- The connectors are designed in such a way, each of them are deleted from the power cycle after doing their function and power completely transmit to the next connector and with constant pressure can open and close the system totally without considering the amounts of the connectors easily and rapidly.

2- The connectors are designed in such a way, the number of the required torque for connecting, is determined by the piston supply dual torque in each connection. The amount of the pressure will be determined during the connection. This torque pressure isn't related to the air pressure within the system, at the time of opening and closing of the diaphragm or the ordering connection that is placed on the first or the end air path. This is accordance of determining amounts In all of the connections

3- In the Pneumatic Connector, each drive slot rotates 80 degrees in from closed to open that in the operational mode, for healthy terminal, will rotate nearly 78 degrees and 2 degrees rotation end, caused the connection in the modules that terminal diameter of up to 4% of the area of eroded sections.

4- After closing and opening the last connection of the intake to the system by the exhaust valve wind at the end of the track out, there is no damage to different parts. The wind pressure can be cut with air output valve ring or any other performance.

1-2-2 Air ducts

These ducts have a duty to transfer the filtered air from the out of the package into the heat sink for controlling the each module temperature and also, guiding the warm air and bringing it out by a one-way valve terminal to the out of the package. In the figure 4 and 5 are determined the air duct inlet ports (301) and air entrance duct to the heat sink (302). In addition, of that for bringing out that air, this mechanism has been established exactly in the body of the protective package in the back of the module.

1-2-3 Cables or connectors

These cables (305) have a duty to transfer the electric current and the kind of the relationship between modules (series, parallel and a combination of both) by the vehicle manufacturer designs them and they are unique for one particular device model. The relationship between the cables (305) and battery terminal (205) is established through connecting collector cone (figure 12) (410). Due to have an electric connection between pole and cable connection, pneumatic connector should compress the retractable connectors with the preset pressure by string and piston to supply pressure. (406)

1-2-4 Electronic communication port package

This is the output power package. (304)

1-2-5 Safety box

The safety box is the system (303) that will be active when the occurrence of the certain events by the electric detonator and will cut the relationship between the modules together. This detonator has the mechanism like active sensors of airbags in vehicles and it is placed out of the battery. When activated detonated, special gas blown into the open pipe fitting diaphragm (307) that the gas pressure, thereby opening the diaphragm as a result cutting the relationship between the modules. This gas can be confined in an enclosure, or a chemical reaction to produce.

1-3 Chassis and body protector

There are the duct air conditioner outputs, exhaust valves in accordance with the arrangement of modules, in the body protector.

A car manufacturer company produces battery chassis and body protector exclusive for that car model. Having the ability to separate chassis from body perpendicular is the only condition required by the inventor. There is no limitation in the material and the shape of the chassis. In the occurrence any kind of the special events such as a blow, overturning cars, water penetration, humidity, dust and something like this, the duty to protect of the modules in the package and also contributing to the overall strength of the vehicle, supported by the chassis and the body protector. The chassis connection and battery body will be opened and closed by the self-centered that is normally open and pneumatic or valve solenoid or any kind of the mechanism.

2- Charging and replacement Battery Stations

Each station has at least 5 different units that we called them A, B, C, D, E.

2-1 Unit A:

Holds the duty for removing a battery package from the car, it's transferring to station bottom level, removing the package case and opening diaphragm connection and finally energy free modules transferring to B2 section and then putting charged and tested modules inside the chassis, diaphragm connection installation, package case installation and connecting the charged battery to the car.

Each unit of A has responsibility to replace the vehicle battery at the same time. It means per station to replace the battery, we will need one unit of A.

Unit A is equipped with special tools for doing 5 main tasks of operational. -Separating the full package of battery from the car and reconnect package to the car.

-Carrying the separated package from the car and transferring to the underside of the station and vice versa.

-Separating the chassis and body protective package from each other by the pneumatic and valve solenoid connector that are normally open and vice versa.

-Separating the head battery from the modules by sequential pneumatic connectors and vice versa.

-Transferring the discharged modules connected together to the unit B l and delivering the full charged module connected together from the unit B2

In order to accomplish the above operation, unit A is equipped with the following equipment:

-A mechanical arm that has a duty to separate the battery pack from the vehicle and reconnect it to the vehicle.

- Sensors determine the position of pneumatic inlet nozzle protective body

- Standard compressed air nozzle to separate the chassis ground connection protection

- Sensors determine the position of pneumatic inlet nozzle head battery.

- Standard compressed air nozzle to separate the modules ground head battery -A mechanical arm that has duty to separate the discharged modules from the chassis and transfer to the unit Bl, taking charged modules over and connect them to the chassis.

- Page receptor chassis package, along with pneumatic clips.

2-2 Unit B:

In this unit, if the arrangement is in the database, Ordering and sorting functionality modules in all its forms is possible without restrictions also updating status information and modules made by this section.

The unit has two main sub-categories:

Part Bl:

-Duty Delivery discharged modules connected together and isolated from each other Module

-Recognizing each module by the radio frequency identification chip (RFID) and updating the database.

Part B2:

-Delivery the charged modules from unit C and ordering module in accordance with the patterns found in vehicles

-Delivery the charged and ordered modules to the unit A to montage the package.

According to the operation of the B in the system, It can be used Bl as backup of several units in A. 2-3 Unit C:

At each replacement station, The unit C has responsibility to charge and quality control of the modules. The unit C determines the capacity depending on the circumstances of each station that it can be adjusted the duration and type of the modules to the nature of the request and the amount of remaining battery modules in the system.

The unit serves three separate sequential steps.

The first controlling part:

This part checks the all-receiving modules from unit Bl physically and forwards the damaged one for the unit D.

Charged part:

According to the needs station, this part has ability to control of the temperature and all circumstances and charging the modules that there are specialized and fully controlled. This part charges the receiver modules from the first controlling based on the charging station. Ideally, charging takes place based on the exact terms of charging according to manufacturer and in this form, the maximum shelf life of the modules is guaranteed and take advantage of taking up cycle is given to the module and this pattern of the charging, If it is necessary, will be changed to the higher performance than standard capacity. These changes according to the faster charging pattern informed to the charging unit by the company under controlled conditions And give the chance to the system to charge the modules in the minimum charging time and the least possible damage based on the presented situation. The charging unit has capable of modules separation with the identity and background of the each of them for categorizing the modules for the different charging algorithm. It means, If the station is in the semi-critical conditions, capacity, It can charge based on the useful life and residual value with regard to peak position and cause the at least damage possible to the company provides services and put the modules in the most operating system cycles possible.

Secondary control unit:

After ending the charging, this unit checks the charged modules with regard to output and transfers the modules that are outside the scope of operations of the 2-4 Unit D:

This unit receives the damaged and faulty modules from the controlled unit of the C and sends them to the searching, repairing, and recycling parts. This unit is a port of the output module of the system.

2-5 Units E:

This unit takes repairing and/or new modules over, put them on the B2 in ID registry, and get on the cycle of consumption.

ADVANTAGE OF USING THE SEQUENTIAL PNEUMATIC

15 - In each operating needs to the opening and closing a lot of connections, it cab ne used sequential pneumatic.

16- In the sequential pneumatic connection, the numbers of the connection are unlimited and until it can be possible to enter effective air pressure to the connections, it will put in operational mode. 17- In the sequential pneumatic connection, There is a possibility to adjust the torque of each connection.

18- In the sequential pneumatic connection, the applied torque to the connection isn't related to presenting in the system.

THE TECHNICAL FIGURE OF THE INVENTION

101- The chassis of the battery package

102- The package case

200- The module

201- The Heat sink

202- The growth and groove connection module

203- The hanger of the module

204- Aminig to module

205- The module pole

300- The battery head

301- The air input module

302- The air input heat sink

303- The safety box

304- The electric connection port

305- The transfer cable

306- Close-channel sequential pneumatic connections (going)

307- Open- channel sequential pneumatic connections (turning)

401- Separating the air channel - The growth of disk drive

- The disk driver

- The insulator diaphragm

- The slot diaphragm disk drive

- The torque spring, piston supply

- The cover and limiting the movement of the piston- Limiting piston grooves in the disk drive

- The Central fixed disk

- The Spring connector cable connector

- The pin fixed diaphragm

- The piston coating

- The springs suppliers torque

- The supply shaft torque

- The movable piston pin

- The fixed piston pin

Claims

Claims :

1. Interchangeable battery pack for electric vehicles is included, at least one head battery which is contained air conditioning system, safety system, cable connectors, pneumatic connections, parts of the entry and exist, the storage connection of the conductor, a standard interchangeable battery module, temperature control system, terminal connected to the diaphragm, symptoms of the orientation detection module, protective body and a protective chassis that has the ability to separate from each other in the axis perpendicular at the surface.

2. The invention of claim 1, wherein the explained head battery is the device that has connected to the terminal modules and has a duty to make the electric connection between modules through diaphragm sequential pneumatic connection and cable connectors.

3. The invention of claim 1, wherein it has a duty to transfer the electric current by the output port to the vehicle.

4. The invention of claim 1 , wherein it has a duty to provide the required air for temperature control modules.

5. The invention of claim 1, wherein the safety package part has located in the head battery.

6. The invention of claim 1, wherein the air conditioning system is a piece in the head battery, received the required air to control the temperature of the module from the out of the battery pack and blows to the heat sink modules.

7. The invention of claim 1, wherein the air conditioning system includes two air channels in the head battery two one way inlet valves at the beginning of the channel.

8. The invention of claim 1, wherein the cable connectors, has a duty to electric connection between modules and to use a storage connection conductor in the connection part of the each cable to the terminal of the module.

9. The invention of the claim 1, wherein there is a connection to put the each battery head on the modules, piece conductive additive which are fully open, located based on the terminal of the modules, and gathered by the pneumatic connections, with the terminal are pressed with specific pressure, making the electronic communication network.

10. The invention of the claim 1, wherein the sequential pneumatic diaphragm connection is one kind of connection to opened and closed of the connections with high speeds.

11. The invention of the claim 1, wherein the sequential pneumatic diaphragm connection is a movable member in the outer layer of the grooved disk drive and has two papillae in the opened and closed channel and also is included two small fixed disks in the center and inner layer of diaphragm multiple diaphragm attached to both disks by particular pin.

12. The invention of the claim 1, the each component of the diaphragm is included, one pin fixed rotation in the fixed disk and one movable pin the disk drive slot due to the kind of the connection to the disk drive and fixed one, in rotating, these disks rotated relative to each other and will move to the center or outer. (In order to rotate the disk drive connected to the waste fluid putting pressure on them and caused the movement of the disk driver, as a result, in the inner layer of each disk driver for each component, one groove is located as a limited in the direction moving pin diaphragm, in fact, that is a determiner the direction of the pin.

13. The invention of claim 1, wherein for fixing a connection after moving, used two pistons provide torque, which is connected to the outer layer of the disk and the rotary-piston fixed pin for torque is located on the central fixed disk, and movable pin are moving inside the hard outer groove.

14. The invention of claim 1, wherein the movements fixed on the body of the head battery by the limited protective, are controlling to not damage to the external hard drive slots in the long time.

15. The invention of claim 1, wherein each module is included with the geometry of an object with dimensions x, 2x in long, (1), and unique identifier (RFID).

16. The invention of claim 1, wherein each module is air cooling and has heat sink for controlling the temperature and is usable till the module is as an object with x, 2x dimension and can make the attachable terminal to the diaphragmatic connection, in the terms of the used cells and the form of the module structure and also there is no limitation for the ingredients of the modules and number of the terminals.

17. The invention of claim 1, wherein the air and other series are used for cooling the battery module.

18. The invention of claim 1, wherein there are heat sinks at the top or below of the each module to control the battery temperature.

19. The invention of claim 1, wherein the body protector battery is included one encasement that are keeping the battery pack with identified ordering and also the body protector, the Duct air conditioner output, exhaust valves according to the particular ordering are located.

20. The invention of claim 1, wherein the IBVE station includes at least three parts with specified duties; the separation complete package of vehicle batteries, the separation of the four main components of the battery pack from each other, the separation the charged modules according to the pack ordering code instead of the discard module, the connection of the four components to each other and finally, the replacement the fully charged battery pack in the vehicle has been done by one part.

21. The invention of claim 1, wherein the discard modulus check and charge and the checked and charged modules will be sent for ordering.