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WO2019001847A1 - Système de coupe au laser - Google Patents

Système de coupe au laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019001847A1
WO2019001847A1 PCT/EP2018/063307 EP2018063307W WO2019001847A1 WO 2019001847 A1 WO2019001847 A1 WO 2019001847A1 EP 2018063307 W EP2018063307 W EP 2018063307W WO 2019001847 A1 WO2019001847 A1 WO 2019001847A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser radiation
laser
laser beam
focusing
space curve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/063307
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marten Canisius
Max OBERLANDER
Philipp HERGOSS
Claus Emmelmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Hamburg Harburg
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Hamburg Harburg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitaet Hamburg Harburg filed Critical Technische Universitaet Hamburg Harburg
Publication of WO2019001847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019001847A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
    • B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1ns or less
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B23K26/0884—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and systems for laser beam cutting.
  • the present invention relates to methods and systems for separating fiber reinforced plastics, such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics.
  • Fiber reinforced plastics are composites in which fibers in a plastic matrix, eg. Epoxy resin, are embedded.
  • the matrix material serves to connect the fibers and to fill the intermediate spaces.
  • This object is achieved by the coordinated, simultaneous processing of fiber-reinforced plastic with a variety of laser beams, with a (virtually) web-free transition between the cutting segments is made possible by a precise setting / calibrating the laser beam guidance in the overlapping areas.
  • An inventive method for separating a fiber-reinforced plastic by means of pulsed laser radiation comprises applying a laser radiation to a surface by focusing laser radiation on one or more points on a first space curve and by focusing laser radiation on one or more points on a second space curve Determining an overlap or relative positional relationship of the first space curve and the second space curve by detecting surface areas which are exposed to laser radiation, shifting and / or twisting the first space curve and / or the second space curve to reduce an offset when a desired overlap or Relative positional relationship of the space curves can not be confirmed, and separating the fiber reinforced plastic by focusing pulsed laser radiation on points on the first space curve and by focusing pulsed laser radiation on points on the z wide space curve.
  • the term "separating" as used in the specification and claims is to be understood as meaning, in particular, the melting / evaporating / burning / sublimation / decomposition of material along the space curves, whereby the fiber-reinforced plastic along the The severance can be carried out by single or multiple (repeated) ablation along the spatial curves
  • overlap as used in the description and the claims, in particular a measure of the agreement between the space curves to understand.
  • offset as used in the description and the claims, in particular a measure of the deviation between the To understand space curves.
  • capture in particular a monitoring and deriving observation data from the observation to understand.
  • laser radiation is used with a lower intensity than laser beam cutting.
  • the surface can be exposed to laser radiation which does not produce any or only slight irreversible changes in the material, which can prevent the generation of rejects.
  • the method can be carried out for each workpiece to be machined or for a specified number of workpieces in order, for example, to detect and compensate for an increase in the offset in good time.
  • the surface areas are detected by means of a camera.
  • the camera can be designed as a thermal camera.
  • the camera detects electromagnetic radiation in the visible or infrared spectrum and / or on the surface of reflected laser radiation.
  • electromagnetic radiation can be derived from the electromagnetic radiation points or curves that describe the impact of the laser radiation on the surface.
  • By comparing the points or curves with each other or with markers on the surface can then be concluded on an overlap of the space curves or the leadership of the laser radiation can be corrected.
  • focusing pulsed laser radiation at points on the first space curve comprises deflecting a laser beam from a first laser beam source and focusing pulsed laser radiation at points on the second space curve deflecting a laser beam from a second laser beam source.
  • the laser radiation can be generated by a first stationary laser device and a second stationary laser device which can deflect laser radiation into different spatial directions by means of deflection optics.
  • a deflection optics may, for example, comprise a rotatable or pivotable mirror or another rotatable or pivotable optical element, such as, for example, prisms or acousto-optic or electro-optical deflectors.
  • An inventive laser beam cutting system comprises a first focusing optics, which is adapted to focus laser radiation on points on a first space curve and a second focusing optics, which is adapted to focus laser radiation on points on a second space curve, wherein the laser beam cutting system is set up to perform a routine to ensure a desired overlap of the space curves, wherein the laser beam cutting system is configured to focus laser radiation onto one or more of the points on the first space curve and focus laser radiation to one or more points on the second space curve during the routine and if the desired overlap of the space curves can not be confirmed, to determine data regarding an offset between the space curves.
  • the term "focusing optics" also means a device that allows to set the focus of the laser radiation along the beam path, such as. A focusing lens, the is slidably mounted along the beam path.
  • the laser beam cutting system comprises a receptacle for a workpiece and a camera.
  • the camera is adapted to detect electromagnetic radiation in the visible or infrared spectrum and / or reflected laser radiation.
  • the laser beam cutting system comprises a first laser radiation source, adapted for generating pulsed laser radiation, which is associated with the first focusing optics and a second laser radiation source, adapted for generating pulsed laser radiation, which is associated with the second focusing optics.
  • the laser beam cutting system comprises a first deflection optics, which is associated with the first laser radiation source, wherein the first deflection optics makes it possible to deflect laser radiation generated by the first laser radiation source in different spatial directions and a second deflection optics, which is associated with the second laser radiation source, the second Deflection optics makes it possible to deflect laser radiation generated by the second laser radiation source in different spatial directions.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary laser beam cutting system, which comprises a plurality of parallel operable laser sources and scan heads, the scan heads (in pairs) having overlapping work areas;
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for calibrating the alignment of the scan heads of the system shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a variant of the laser beam cutting system shown in FIG. 1; FIG. and
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic plan view of a further variant of the laser beam cutting system shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic plan view of an exemplary laser beam cutting system 10.
  • the laser beam cutting system 10 includes a plurality of stationary laser devices 12, which are rigidly attached to, for example, a frame of the laser beam cutting system 10.
  • the stationary laser devices 12 each comprise a laser radiation source 14 (eg a pulsed fiber laser with a power range up to 100 watts) and a scan head with a focusing optics 16 and a deflection optics 18.
  • the deflection optics 18 allow a deflection of the beam path of the laser radiation in different spatial directions.
  • the focusing optics 16 or elements of the focusing optics 16 can be arranged rigidly along the beam path (for example, relative to the laser radiation source 14) or movably mounted. With movable storage, the distance between the laser radiation source 14 and the focal point of the laser radiation can be varied. The focus can then be placed three-dimensionally in space despite fixed laser radiation source 14 (within certain limits). In this way, the focus of the laser radiation can be guided along curved component surfaces, whereby at correspondingly strong curved areas of component surfaces unacceptable defocusing can be avoided.
  • the scanning heads of the stationary laser devices 12 are aligned or aligned so that the laser radiation of the laser radiation sources 14 each covers a work area 20, with working areas 20 overlap in pairs.
  • the laser radiation sources 14 can be arranged in (for example by means of a plurality of robot arms) movable laser devices (not shown), which enable the laser radiation to be aligned in pairs overlapping working areas 20.
  • the laser beam cutting system 10 further includes a receptacle wherein, as shown in Fig. 1, during operation, a workpiece 22 of fiber reinforced plastic (eg, carbon fiber reinforced plastic) may be disposed to be severed along a desired cutting line 24.
  • the laser devices 12 are arranged or movable relative to the cutting line 24 so that the cutting line 24 passes through the overlapping working areas 20.
  • the laser devices 12 can cut the workpiece 22 in the context of a coordinated operation, which may include in particular a parallel operation of the laser devices 12, along the respective segments of the cutting line 24, which lie in the respective working areas 20 of the corresponding laser devices 12.
  • the severing of the workpiece 22 can take place, for example, by layer-like removal of material of the workpiece 22 along the segments.
  • the operation of the laser devices 12 may be coordinated by control commands that cause the laser devices 12 to focus laser radiation along space curves 26a, 26b that are within their working areas 20.
  • the space curves 26a, 26b result from the position and orientation of the respective laser device 12 and the calibration of the scan heads, which deflect the laser radiation in different spatial directions or focus the laser radiation.
  • the control commands may be calculated from a measured or assumed position and orientation of the workpiece 22 and data relating to the cutting line 24, taking into account measured or assumed positions and orientations of the laser devices 12 and calibration data of the scan heads.
  • the aim of the calculation may be that the space curves 26a, 26b resulting from the control commands coincide with the cutting line 24 and overlap each other.
  • the laser beam cutting system 10 may be configured to determine data regarding the space curves 26a, 26b resulting from the control commands and, if necessary, to correct the position, orientation, or calibration of the scan heads, as shown in the flow chart of FIG 2.
  • the laser beam cutting system 10 for example, as in step 28 of the method shown in Fig. 2, the surface of the workpiece 22 to apply laser radiation.
  • the laser radiation may have a reduced intensity (as compared to the intensity of laser radiation upon separation) that locally heats the surface of the workpiece 22 without severing the workpiece 22 (or creating an irreversible change in the material of the workpiece 22).
  • the heating of the workpiece 22 may then be recorded by an infrared camera (not shown) which detects the surface of the workpiece 22.
  • the laser devices 12 can successively focus laser radiation onto one or more points of the respective space curve 26a, 26b.
  • the space curves 26a, 26b lie on the cutting line 24 and overlap (sufficiently) or whether a deviation in this respect is within a tolerance range, as in step 30 of FIG. 2 shown method.
  • the position, orientation, control commands or the reference orientation of one or more of the scan heads can be adjusted, as in step 32 of the method shown in FIG.
  • the heat ranges may be characterized by a midpoint (or centerline) and an extent, and from the midpoint (or centerline) a surface tangential deviation of the respective space curve 26a, 26b from the cutting line 24, and from expansion a surface perpendicular deviation of the respective space curve 26a , 26b are determined by the cutting line 24.
  • the correction can be made on the basis of taking on the heat radiation on the basis of surface-reflected laser radiation instead of.
  • the laser radiation may be laser radiation of the laser radiation sources 14 (with possibly reduced intensity in comparison to the intensity during separation) or further laser radiation sources (such as, for example, a pilot laser, not shown), which by the scan heads on the surface of the Workpiece 22 is deflected.
  • laser radiation sources 14 with possibly reduced intensity in comparison to the intensity during separation
  • further laser radiation sources such as, for example, a pilot laser, not shown
  • electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of the laser radiation and / or laser radiation in the visible range can be detected, wherein the reflection ranges can be characterized analogously to the thermal ranges by a center point (or a center line) and an extension.
  • the described monitoring of the space curves 26a, 26b may also be performed continuously during the cutting of workpieces 22, wherein the control commands / one or more reference orientations of the scan heads are continuously corrected / adjusted to a deterioration of the cut quality during operation , for example, due to fluctuating temperature influences, to prevent / reduce.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic plan view of another exemplary laser beam cutting system 10 'which differs from the laser beam cutting system 10 shown in Fig. 1 in that the surface of the workpiece 22' has a mark detected by the laser beam cutting system 10 ' becomes.
  • the marking makes it possible to more accurately determine a deviation of the space curves 26a, 26b from the cutting line 24.
  • the laser beam cutting system 10 ' may be provided with data indicating, in addition to characterizing the cutting line 24, how the cutting line 24 extends relative to the marks, whereby the space curves 26a, 26b may be corrected based on the marks.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic top view of another exemplary laser beam cutting system 10 ", which differs from the laser beam cutting system 10 shown in Fig. 1 in that the overlapping work areas 20 form a closed working area 4 may also be adapted to use a mark on the workpiece for correcting the space curves 26a, 26b, like the laser beam cutting system 10 'shown in FIG.
  • a laser beam cutting system may also be more than ten, more than twenty, more than thirty, more than forty, more than fifty, more than sixty, more than seventy , more than eighty, more than ninety, or more than one hundred laser devices 12 may include paired overlapping work areas 20 to increase a machining speed of the laser beam cutting system.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de coupe au laser (10). Le système de coupe au laser (10) comprend une première optique de focalisation (16) qui est conçue pour focaliser un rayonnement laser sur des points situés sur une première courbe spatiale (26a) et une seconde optique de focalisation (16) qui est configurée pour focaliser un rayonnement laser sur des points situés sur une seconde courbe spatiale (26b), le système de coupe au laser (10) étant conçu pour exécuter une routine permettant d'assurer un chevauchement souhaité des courbes spatiales (26a, 26b). Le système de coupe au laser (10) est par ailleurs conçu pour surveiller pendant la routine une focalisation du rayonnement laser sur un ou plusieurs des points situés sur la première courbe spatiale (26a) et une focalisation du rayonnement laser sur un ou plusieurs points situés sur la seconde courbe spatiale (26b) et pour, si le chevauchement souhaité des courbes spatiales (26a, 26b) n'est pas confirmé, déterminer des données relatives à un décalage entre les courbes spatiales (26a, 26b).
PCT/EP2018/063307 2017-06-29 2018-05-22 Système de coupe au laser Ceased WO2019001847A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017114518.4A DE102017114518B4 (de) 2017-06-29 2017-06-29 Laserstrahlschneiden
DE102017114518.4 2017-06-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019001847A1 true WO2019001847A1 (fr) 2019-01-03

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/063307 Ceased WO2019001847A1 (fr) 2017-06-29 2018-05-22 Système de coupe au laser

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017114518B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019001847A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090212033A1 (en) * 2008-02-20 2009-08-27 Kim Beck Progressive laser blanking device for high speed cutting
WO2009115598A1 (fr) * 2008-03-20 2009-09-24 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Dispositif de guidage pour guider des rayons lumineux, découpeuse à laser équipée de celui-ci et équipement de fabrication doté de celui-ci pour la fabrication d’une préforme pour des structures renforcées de fibres adaptées au flux des contraintes
US20160136715A1 (en) * 2013-06-11 2016-05-19 Schuler Automation Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device to produce a shaped sheet metal part

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DE10352402B4 (de) 2003-11-10 2015-12-17 Lasertec Gmbh Laserbearbeitungsmaschine und Laserbearbeitungsverfahren
DE102006030130B3 (de) 2006-06-28 2007-09-27 Scansonic Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks mittels eines Energiestrahls, insbesondere Laserstrahls
DE202008016079U1 (de) 2008-12-04 2009-02-19 Lorenz, Andreas Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung und Verwendung der Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung zum Werkzeug- und Formbau
DE102011118540B4 (de) 2011-11-15 2016-04-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Schneiden oder Trennen von Feststoffen durch Materialabtrag mittels energetischer Strahlung
CN106102981B (zh) 2014-03-12 2017-12-29 三菱电机株式会社 带照相机监视器的激光加工头装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090212033A1 (en) * 2008-02-20 2009-08-27 Kim Beck Progressive laser blanking device for high speed cutting
WO2009115598A1 (fr) * 2008-03-20 2009-09-24 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Dispositif de guidage pour guider des rayons lumineux, découpeuse à laser équipée de celui-ci et équipement de fabrication doté de celui-ci pour la fabrication d’une préforme pour des structures renforcées de fibres adaptées au flux des contraintes
US20160136715A1 (en) * 2013-06-11 2016-05-19 Schuler Automation Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device to produce a shaped sheet metal part

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
WAHAB SAIDIN ET AL: "The Effect of Laser Cutting Parameters on the Aerospace Structure Panel of CFRP Composite Material", APPLIED MECHANICS AND MATERIALS, vol. 225, 29 November 2012 (2012-11-29), pages 127 - 131, XP055520301, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.225.127 *

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Publication number Publication date
DE102017114518A1 (de) 2019-01-03
DE102017114518B4 (de) 2019-05-09

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