WO2019093481A1 - 組織再生用医薬及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
組織再生用医薬及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- MSCs Mesenchymal stem cells
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3, Patent Document 1 A large number of treatments for cerebral infarction patients by intravenous administration of MSCs have also been carried out, and improvements in motor function and injury site have been reported (Non-Patent Document 4, Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 4 Patent Document 2
- Non-patent Document 5 With regard to neuroprotection against spinal cord injury, involvement of numerous neurotrophic factors and growth factors such as BDNF, NT-3, NGF, PDGF, GDNF has been reported (Non-patent Document 5), Honmou et al. Have confirmed their neuroprotective effects (Non-patent Documents 3 and 6).
- MSCs whose gene is manipulated to forcibly express BDNF are veins. It is known that, when administered internally, these effects are further enhanced (Non-patent Document 7).
- MSCs accumulated in the focal area secrete angiogenic factors etc. to induce angiogenesis there are two possible mechanisms for angiogenic action, one being that MSCs accumulated in the focal area secrete angiogenic factors etc. to induce angiogenesis, and the other being administered MSC itself is a blood vessel. It is to differentiate into endothelium to form new blood vessels.
- nerve regeneration one of which is that MSCs accumulated in the lesion promote endogenous neurogenesis, and the other is that the administered MSCs themselves become neurons / glia cells. And differentiation.
- transplanted MSCs increase the expression of IL-4 and IL-13 at the injury site of the spinal cord, while TNF- ⁇ and IL-6 It has been reported that the reduction of M1 induces M1 type with inflammatory activity to M2 type Macrophage with antiinflammatory activity and promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury (non-patent) Literature 12).
- the object of the present invention is to provide a cell medicine containing MSCs having excellent therapeutic effects such as accumulation at the site of injury, immune modulation (inflammation modulation), neuroprotection and the like, and a method for producing the same.
- the method according to (1) further comprising the step of confirming the ability to secrete any one or more selected from BDNF, VEGF, and HGF in a culture containing mesenchymal stem cells; Includes a step of confirming the secretory ability of BDNF and / or VEGF, and more preferably, a step of confirming the secretory ability of BDNF.
- the secretion of BDNF, VEGF and HGF may be secretion from unstimulated cells, or may be secretion from cells after inflammatory cytokine stimulation.
- the amount of CX3CL1 expression by stimulation of a mixture of TNF- ⁇ , IFN ⁇ and IL-6 is greater than the sum of the amounts of CX3CL1 expression by stimulation of TNF- ⁇ , IFN ⁇ and IL-6 alone, (5) Or the cellular medicine as described in (6).
- a method of evaluating the immunomodulation ability of a cell drug containing mesenchymal stem cells which comprises the step of stimulating mesenchymal stem cells with an inflammatory cytokine and measuring the expression of CX3CL1.
- the present invention it is possible to simply evaluate the immune modulation action (inflammation adjustment action) of MSC, accumulation at the site of injury, and neuroprotective action, and can provide a cell drug containing MSC with high function.
- 3-1 shows gene expression of (A) VEGF, (B) HGF, (C) NGF, (D) GDNF (relative) in MSC samples (KN-011, KY-14, KA-17, 3 Lots) The results of measurement of expression ratio) by real-time RT-PCR method are shown. Graphs from left: no addition (Control), TNF- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IFN- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IL-6 (50 ng / mL) and TNF- ⁇ / IFN- ⁇ / IL-6 (All 50 ng / ml) addition.
- Figure 3-2 shows (E) PDGF-A, (F) PDGF-B, (G) PIGF, and (H) BDNF in MSC samples (KN-011, KY-14, KA-17, 3 Lots) The result of having measured gene expression (relative expression ratio) by the real-time RT-PCR method is shown.
- FIG. 4-1 shows the expression levels (pg) of (A) proBDNF, (B) mature PDNF, (C) NGF, and (D) GDNF in MSC samples (KN-011, KY-14, KA-17, 3 Lots). The result of having measured /1.0x10 ⁇ 4 > cells) by ELISA is shown. Graphs from left without addition (Naive), TNF- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IFN- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IL-6 (50 ng / mL) and TNF- ⁇ / IFN- ⁇ / IL-6 (All 50 ng / ml) addition.
- FIG. 4-2 shows the expression levels of (E) VEGF, (F) PIGF, (G) HGF, and (H) PDGF-AB in MSC samples (KN-011, KY-14, KA-17, 3 Lots) The result of having measured (pg / 1.0x10 ⁇ 4 > cells) by ELISA is shown.
- Graphs from left without addition (Naive), TNF- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IFN- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IL-6 (50 ng / mL) and TNF- ⁇ / IFN- ⁇ / IL-6 (All 50 ng / ml) addition.
- FIG. 5-2 shows adhesion factors (NCAD, HCAM (CD44), NCAM, ALCAM, ITGAV, ITGA4, ITGB1, ITGB4, VCAM1, ICAM2 in MSC samples (KN-011, KY-14, KA-17, 3 Lots).
- the result of expression analysis by flow cytometry of FIG. 6 shows the results of the migration assay of MSC samples (KN-011, KY-14, KA-17, 3 Lots) stimulated with chemokine and growth factor (relative expression ratio to unstimulated culture, Mean ⁇ SD, * 1.5 fold-change vs Naive).
- FIG. 7-1 shows genes of adhesion factor ((A) ITGB1, (B) ITGA4) and invasion related protein ((C) MMP1) in MSC samples (KN-011, KY-14, KA-17, 3 Lots).
- the result of having measured expression (relative expression ratio) by real-time RT-PCR method is shown.
- FIG. 7-2 shows gene expression (relative) of invasion-related proteins ((D) MMP2, (E) TIMP1, (F) TIMP2) in MSC samples (KN-011, KY-14, KA-17, 3 Lots). The results of measurement of expression ratio) by real-time RT-PCR method are shown. Graphs from left: no addition (Control), TNF- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IFN- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IL-6 (50 ng / mL) and TNF- ⁇ / IFN- ⁇ / IL-6 (All 50 ng / ml) addition.
- TNF- ⁇ 50 ng / ml
- IFN- ⁇ 50 ng / ml
- IL-6 50 ng / mL
- TNF- ⁇ / IFN- ⁇ / IL-6 All 50 ng / ml
- the cell drug of the present invention comprises mesenchymal stem cells, and a) the mesenchymal stem cells express CX3CL1 by stimulation of a cytokine, and / or b) the mesenchymal stem cells 90% or more of them express EGFR and / or ITGA4.
- the "mesenchymal stem cells” used in the present invention are stem cells having pluripotency and self-replication ability which are present in trace amounts in interstitial cells of mesenchymal tissues, and are osteocytes, chondrocytes, fats It is known not only to differentiate into connective tissue cells such as cells, but also to have the ability to differentiate into nerve cells and cardiomyocytes.
- MSCs are known to accumulate at the site of injury to enable effective tissue regeneration.
- MSCs have an action of suppressing cell death and an action of regulating inflammation, and have a neuroprotective action through the secretion of neurotrophic factors (supra).
- the MSCs used in the present invention are characterized in that they express CX3CL1 upon stimulation of inflammatory cytokines.
- CX3CL1 is a chemokine with a CXXXC motif, also called fractalkine, and is expressed on activated vascular endothelial cells, neurons, dendritic cells and intestinal epithelial cells, and its expression is induced by stimulation of inflammatory cytokines.
- Chemokines are a group of basic physiologically active peptides having a molecular weight of about 10 kDa, which have chemotactic activity against leukocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, and play an important role in inflammatory reactions.
- Chemokines are classified into four subfamilies from the structural feature of CXC, CC, C, and CX3C, and seven transmembrane trimer Gs classified into CXCR, CCR, XCR, and CX3CR for these chemokine subfamilies
- the protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family has been identified.
- CX3CL1 takes two forms, membrane-bound and secreted, and functions not only as a chemokine but also as a cell adhesion molecule that exhibits cell adhesion ability independent of integrin. Expression of CX3CL1 is known to be involved in various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and arteriosclerosis.
- MSCs expressing CX3CL1 are expected to exert an immunomodulatory (inflammatory regulatory) action by modulating Microglia / macrophages and inducing from an inflammatory M1 type to an antiinflammatory M2 type.
- IL-6 interleukins
- IL-18 TNF- ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ and the like
- IL-6, TNF- ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ are preferred, and a mixture of IL-6, TNF- ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ is more preferred.
- MSCs express CX3CL1 in response to the stimulation of inflammatory cytokines, it can be expected that the MSCs are excellent in the inflammation regulatory action (immunomodulation action).
- the CX3CL1 expression level by stimulation of a mixture of TNF- ⁇ , IFN ⁇ and IL-6 is TNF- ⁇ , IFN ⁇ and IL-6.
- the fact that it is greater than the sum of CX3CL1 expression levels by each single stimulation can be used as a characteristic index of functional (superior in regulating inflammation) MSC.
- the MSCs used in the present invention are characterized in that 90% or more express EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) and / or ITGA4 (Integrin subunit Alpha 4).
- EGFR is a kind of tyrosine kinase type receptor and binds to epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a ligand, TGF- ⁇ , amphiregulin and the like.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- EGFR and other receptor tyrosine kinases transmit stimuli from extracellular growth factors into cells and transmit the stimuli to the nucleus by signal transduction. As a result, transcription activity in the nucleus is increased, and protein synthesis and cell function and structure are changed.
- EGFR is known to play an important role in the proliferation of various cells in the body and the development and formation of organs.
- Integrin is a cell surface protein and is a cell adhesion molecule mainly involved in cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and signal transduction from extracellular matrix.
- the integrin molecule is a heterodimer in which an ⁇ chain and a ⁇ chain are associated at 1: 1, and at least 18 kinds of ⁇ chains have been reported, and ITGA4 is one of them.
- ITGB1 and ITGA4 are important for adhesion to vascular endothelium, and are reported to be associated with accumulation of migrated cells at the injury site (James et al., 2007, Brigitte et al., 2006)).
- the expression of EGFR and / or ITGA4 of MSC is 90% or more, it can be expected that the MSC is excellent in the ability to accumulate at the site of injury.
- the MSCs used in the present invention preferably secrete one or more trophic factors selected from BDNF, VEGF, and HGF, in addition to the expression of CX3CL1, the expression of EGFR and / or ITGA4. Among them, it is important to secrete BDNF and / or VEGF, and it is especially important to secrete BDNF.
- BDNF Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor
- TrkB a specific receptor on the surface of a target cell and regulates the growth of nerve cells.
- BDNF acts on some neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, promotes its maintenance and growth, and promotes differentiation into new neurons and synapses.
- BDNF is activated in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and basal ganglia, and is important for long-term memory, but is also known to act on retina, motor neurons, kidney, salivary gland, and prostate.
- VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- VEGF is a growth factor that specifically acts on vascular endothelial cells isolated from pituitary cell culture fluid. VEGF promotes the angiogenesis process including proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and enhances vascular permeability, so various diseases and conditions in which angiogenesis plays an important role (cancer, diabetic retinopathy, joints Association with rheumatoid arthritis, wound healing process) has been estimated.
- HGF Hepatocyte Growth Factor
- HGF is a cytokine that has been purified as a factor that strongly promotes the proliferation of primary culture hepatocytes, and is an important factor that promotes liver regeneration. HGF exerts biological activity via c-Met receptor expressed in target cells, and promotes cell proliferation, cell movement, anti-apoptosis (cell death), not only to hepatocytes but also to various cells. Promote morphogenesis, promote angiogenesis.
- the neuroprotective action may be related to trophic factors etc. secreted by MSC.
- the inventors examined the expression of neurotrophic factor secreted by MSC by real-time RP-PCR and ELISA, and the expression of BDNF, VEGF, HGF, and more preferably the expression of BDNF and / or VEGF, particularly the expression of BDNF, MSC It was confirmed to be useful as an indicator of neuroprotective action.
- the MSC has BDNF, VEGF and / or HGF-secreting ability, it can be expected that the MSC has the ability to repair and regenerate the damaged area and is excellent in the neuroprotective action.
- MSCs secrete BDNF, VEGF and / or HGF unstimulated, confirmation of the ability to secrete may assess secretion from unstimulated cells, or evaluate secretion from cells following inflammatory cytokine stimulation. You may
- MSCs used in the present invention express TGF- ⁇ 1 as well as CX3CL1 as a factor involved in the inflammation regulatory action (immunomodulation action).
- TGF- ⁇ 1 as well as CX3CL1 as a factor involved in the inflammation regulatory action (immunomodulation action).
- CX3CL1 as a factor involved in the inflammation regulatory action (immunomodulation action).
- expression of NCAM, ALCAM, ITGAV, ITGB1 is also recognized as a factor involved in the migration ability.
- expression analysis at the gene level can utilize real-time PCR (real-time RT-PCR), microarray, Northern blot, and the like.
- expression analysis at the protein level can use ELISA, flow cytometry (FCM), a protein chip or the like.
- FCM flow cytometry
- secreted proteins such as CX3CL1, BDNF, VEGF, HGF, etc.
- FCM flow cytometry
- Sources of MSCs used in the present invention include bone marrow, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, fetal embryos, brain, etc.
- human bone marrow or blood-derived MSCs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- human Bone marrow MSCs are preferred.
- the cells may be cells induced to differentiate from ES cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells etc.), may be established cells, or may be cells isolated and grown from a living body.
- the cells may be of allogeneic or autologous cells, but autologous cell-derived (derived from the patient's own cells) MSCs are preferred.
- the MSCs used in the present invention preferably have an expression of at least one or more selected from CD73, CD90, and CD105 90% or more, and / or an expression of CD34 or CD45 5% or less. More preferably, the MSC used in the present invention is characterized in that the expression of at least two or more selected from CD73, CD90, and CD105 is 90% or more, and / or the expression of CD34 and CD45 is 5% or less. Be More preferably, the MSC used in the present invention is characterized in that the expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105 is 90% or more, and the expression of CD34 or CD45 is 5% or less.
- the MSC used in the present invention is a cell that is negative for the differentiation marker CD24 and maintains an undifferentiated state.
- MSCs in an undifferentiated state are characterized by a high proliferation rate and high survival rate after in vivo introduction.
- a method for obtaining such undifferentiated MSCs has also been developed, the details of which are described in WO2009 / 034708.
- a functional MSC suitable for the cell medicine of the present invention contains human serum (preferably autologous serum), for example, cells separated from bone marrow fluid etc. under conditions not substantially in contact with anticoagulant (such as heparin). And, it can be prepared by growing using a culture medium that does not contain anticoagulants (such as heparin) or contains very low concentrations. In addition, "does not contain anticoagulant or contains at extremely low concentration" means that it does not contain an effective amount of anticoagulant as an anticoagulant.
- human serum preferably autologous serum
- anticoagulant such as heparin
- the effective amount as an anticoagulant is usually about 20-40 U / mL, but in the above method, the amount to be added to the blood collection tube for sampling beforehand is By minimizing, the amount in a sample taken from a living being is less than 5 U / mL, preferably less than 2 U / mL, more preferably less than 0.2 U / mL, and is present in the culture medium when culturing cells.
- the amount will be less than 0.5 U / mL, preferably less than 0.2 U / mL, more preferably less than 0.02 U / mL relative to the volume of the culture medium (see WO2009 / 034708).
- the density of cells in the culture medium affects the nature of the cells and the directionality of differentiation. In the case of MSCs, if the cell density in the medium exceeds 8,500 cells / cm 2 , the properties of the cells will change, so it is preferable to subculture at a maximum of 8,500 cells / cm 2 or less, more preferably, The cells are subcultured when they reach 5,500 cells / cm 2 or more.
- the above method uses a human serum-containing medium, it is desirable to change the medium as few times as possible taking into consideration the burden on the serum donor, for example, at least once a week, more preferably once or twice a week. Make a replacement.
- the culture is repeatedly subcultured until the total number of cells reaches 10 8 or more.
- the number of cells required may vary depending on the intended use, but for example, the number of MSCs required for transplantation for the treatment of cerebral infarction is considered to be 10 7 or more. According to the method, it is possible to obtain 10 7 MSCs in about 12 days.
- the expanded MSCs may be stored (eg, in a deep freezer at -152 ° C.) as needed, by cryopreservation or the like until used.
- a medium serum for mammalian cells such as RPMI
- serum preferably human serum, more preferably autologous serum
- DMSO is used as a cryopreservation solution.
- cells can be suspended in a cryopreservation solution containing 20.5 mL of normal filter-sterilized RPMI, 20.5 mL of autologous serum collected from a patient, 5 mL of dextran, and 5 mL of DMSO and stored frozen at -150 ° C.
- DMSO Cryozerb manufactured by Nipro Co., Ltd. and dextran
- low molecular weight dextran L injection manufactured by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. can be used, but the invention is not limited thereto.
- the cell medicine of the present invention is preferably a parenteral preparation, more preferably a parenteral systemic preparation, in particular an intravenous preparation.
- parenteral preparation preferably a parenteral systemic preparation, in particular an intravenous preparation.
- dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration include injections such as solution injections, suspension injections, emulsion injections, and ready-to-use injections, implants and the like.
- the aqueous solution for injection includes, for example, physiological saline, medium, physiological buffer such as PBS, isotonic solution containing glucose and other adjuvants, such as D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc. And may be used in combination with a suitable solubilizing agent such as an alcohol such as ethanol, polyalcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or a nonionic surfactant such as polysorbate 80, HCO-50 and the like.
- physiological saline medium
- physiological buffer such as PBS
- isotonic solution containing glucose and other adjuvants such as D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.
- a suitable solubilizing agent such as an alcohol such as ethanol, polyalcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or a nonionic surfactant such as polysorbate 80, HCO-50 and the like.
- the "inflammatory cytokines" to be used include TNF- ⁇ , IFN ⁇ , IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, among which TNF- ⁇ , IFN ⁇ and IL- It is preferable to contain 6, and it is more preferable to use a mixture of TNF- ⁇ , IFN ⁇ and IL-6.
- the method for producing a cell drug of the invention may further include the step of confirming the presence of any one or more selected from BDNF, VEGF, and HGF in the culture (without cytokines).
- BDNF BDNF
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- HGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- MSCs used in the method for producing a cell drug of the present invention does not substantially contact bone marrow fluid or the like with anticoagulant (such as heparin) according to the description of WO2009 / 034708 as described in the preceding paragraph.
- Conditioned cells can be prepared by growth using a medium containing human serum (preferably autologous serum) and containing no or very low concentration of anticoagulant (such as heparin).
- "does not contain anticoagulant or contains at extremely low concentration” means that it does not contain an effective amount of anticoagulant as an anticoagulant.
- the effective amount as an anticoagulant is usually about 20-40 U / mL, but in the above method, the amount to be added to the blood collection tube for sampling beforehand is By minimizing, the amount in a sample taken from a living being is less than 5 U / mL, preferably less than 2 U / mL, more preferably less than 0.2 U / mL, and is present in the culture medium when culturing cells.
- the amount will be less than 0.5 U / mL, preferably less than 0.2 U / mL, more preferably less than 0.02 U / mL relative to the volume of culture medium.
- MSCs after stimulation with a cytokine express CX3CL1
- the cell medicine containing the MSCs is highly immunomodulatory.
- the CX3CL1 expression level by stimulation of a mixture of TNF- ⁇ , IFN ⁇ and IL-6 is TNF- ⁇ , IFN ⁇ and IL-6.
- it is larger than the sum of CX3CL1 expression levels by each single stimulation it can be evaluated that the immunomodulation ability is high.
- the present invention also provides a method for evaluating the ability of cell medicine containing mesenchymal stem cells to collect at injury site.
- the evaluation method includes the step of confirming that mesenchymal stem cells express EGFR and / or ITGA4 by 90% or more.
- MSCs express EGFR and / or ITGA4, it can be evaluated that the cell medicine containing the MSCs has a high ability to accumulate at the site of injury.
- the culture supernatant was collected 48 hours after replacement and centrifuged (2280 g, 20 min). Thereafter, 200 ⁇ l aliquots were placed in 1.5 ml tubes and stored in a ⁇ 80 ° C. freezer. After the supernatant was collected, cells were detached from the dish by trypsin treatment and the cells were counted. After cell counting, total RNA was extracted using an RNA extraction kit (QIAGEN). CDNA was synthesized from total RNA and used as a template for real-time RT-PCR.
- Test samples were added (Naive), TNF- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IFN- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IL-6 (50 ng / mL) and TNF- ⁇ / IFN- ⁇ / IL-6 (any) Also, 50 ng / ml) was added, and 48 hours after the start of culture, mRNA and culture supernatant were collected for real-time RT-PCR.
- the culture supernatant recovered and stored in 1.1 was used as a sample to quantify TSG-6, CX3CL1 and TGF- ⁇ 1 in the culture supernatant.
- Test samples were added (Naive), TNF- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IFN- ⁇ (50 ng / ml), IL-6 (50 ng / mL) and TNF- ⁇ / IFN- ⁇ / IL-6 (any) Also, 50 ng / ml) was added, and 48 hours after the start of culture, mRNA and culture supernatant were collected for real-time RT-PCR.
- CX3CL1 was hardly expressed in ELISA, its expression was confirmed by mixed stimulation of TNF- ⁇ / IFN- ⁇ / IL-6.
- the expression characteristic of CX3CL1 that expression by TNF- ⁇ / IFN- ⁇ / IL-6 mixed stimulation is more than the sum of expression by single stimulation respectively is another immune regulatory ability related factor (TSG secreted by MSC)
- TSG secreted by MSC another immune regulatory ability related factor
- the neuroprotective action of MSC may be related to a plurality of trophic factors and the like.
- trophic factors VEGF, HGF, NGF, GDNF, PDGF-A, PDGF-A, PlGF, BDNF
- BDNF secretion of BDNF was considered to be particularly important as an evaluation index of the neuroprotective action of MSC.
- VEGF and HGF are also considered useful for functional evaluation of MSC in addition to BDNF.
- Example 3 Migration Ability of MSCs In order to evaluate the accumulation of MSCs at the injury site, in vitro migration ability of MSCs was analyzed by FCM method, Migration Assay and real-time RT-PCR method.
- Chemokine receptor CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7, CX3CR1
- Growth factor receptor VEGFR1, VEGFR2, PDGFR ⁇ , EGFR, IGF-1R, FGF-R2, HGFR, Tie-2 ⁇ Adhesive factor> ICAM2, VCAM, ALCAM, HCAM (CD44), ITGAV, ITGA4, ITGB1
- Chemokines and growth factors VEGF, EGF, HGF, IGF-1, PDGF-AB, bFGF, ANGPT-1 MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1 ⁇ (CCL 3), RANTES (CCL 5), Eotaxin-1 (CCL 11), MDC (CCL 22), Eotaxin-2 (CCL24), CRO- ⁇ (CXCL1), SDF-1 (CXCL12), Fractalkine (CX3CL1)
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Abstract
Description
本明細書は、本願の優先権の基礎である特願2017-216356号(2017年11月9日出願)の明細書に記載された内容を包含する。
技術分野
本発明は、間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬及びその製造方法に関する。より詳しくは、損傷部位への集積、免疫調整作用、神経保護作用に優れ、組織再生医薬に適した間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬及びその製造方法に関する。
本発明は、上記知見に基づいて完成されたものであり、以下の(1)~(11)を含む。
(1)間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬の製造方法であって、
a)間葉系幹細胞を含む培養物に炎症性サイトカインを添加し、間葉系幹細胞がCX3CL1を発現していることを確認する工程、及び/又は
b)間葉系幹細胞の90%以上がEGFR及び/又はITGA4を発現していることを確認する工程
を含む、前記方法。
(2)間葉系幹細胞を含む培養物中におけるBDNF、VEGF、及びHGFから選ばれるいずれか1以上の分泌能を確認する工程をさらに含む、(1)に記載の方法;前記方法は、好ましくはBDNF及び/又はVEGFの分泌能を確認する工程を含み、より好ましくはBDNFの分泌能を確認する工程を含む。なお、BDNF、VEGF、HGFの分泌は、未刺激の細胞からの分泌をみてもよいし、炎症性サイトカイン刺激後の細胞からの分泌をみてもよい。
(3)炎症性サイトカインが、TNF-α、INFγ、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、及びIL-18からなる群から選ばれる1以上である、(1)又は(2)に記載の方法。
(4)炎症性サイトカインが、TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6を含む、(1)又は(2)に記載の方法;炎症性サイトカインは、好ましくはTNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6の混合物である。
(5)間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬であって、
a)前記間葉系幹細胞が炎症性サイトカインの刺激によりCX3CL1を発現するものである、及び/又は
b)前記間葉系幹細胞の90%以上がEGFR及び/又はITGA4を発現しているものである、前記細胞医薬。
(6)前記間葉系幹細胞がBDNF、VEGF、及びHGFから選ばれるいずれか1以上の分泌能を有する、(5)に記載の細胞医薬。前記間葉系幹細胞は、好ましくはBDNF及び/又はVEGFの分泌能を有し、より好ましくはBDNFの分泌能を有する。
(7)炎症性サイトカインが、TNF-α、INFγ、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、及びIL-18からなる群から選ばれる1以上である、(5)又は(6)に記載の細胞医薬。
(8)炎症性サイトカインが、TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6を含む、(5)又は(6)に記載の細胞医薬。
(9)TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6の混合物の刺激によるCX3CL1発現量が、TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6それぞれ単独の刺激によるCX3CL1発現量の総和よりも多い、(5)又は(6)に記載の細胞医薬。
(10)間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬の免疫調整能を評価する方法であって、間葉系幹細胞を炎症性サイトカインで刺激し、CX3CL1の発現を測定する工程を含む、前記方法。使用する「炎症性サイトカイン」は、TNF-α、INFγ、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、及びIL-18からなる群から選ばれる1以上であることが好ましく、TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6を含むことがより好ましく、TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6の混合物であることがさらに好ましい。
(11)間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬の損傷部位への集積能を評価する方法であって、前記間葉系幹細胞におけるEGFR及び/又はITGA4の発現が90%以上であるかを評価する工程を含む、前記方法。
本発明の細胞医薬は、間葉系幹細胞を含み、a)前記間葉系幹細胞がサイトカインの刺激によりCX3CL1を発現すること、及び/又はb)前記間葉系幹細胞の90%以上がEGFR及び/又はITGA4を発現していることを特徴とする。
本発明で使用される「間葉系幹細胞」とは、間葉系組織の間質細胞の中に微量に存在する多分化能および自己複製能を有する幹細胞であり、骨細胞、軟骨細胞、脂肪細胞などの結合組織細胞に分化するだけでなく、神経細胞や心筋細胞への分化能を有することが知られている。
本発明で使用されるMSCは、炎症性サイトカインの刺激によりCX3CL1を発現することを特徴とする。
本発明で使用されるMSCは、90%以上がEGFR(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor)及び/又はITGA4(Integrin subunit Alpha 4)を発現していることを特徴とする。
本発明で使用されるMSCは、CX3CL1の発現、EGFR及び/又はITGA4の発現に加えて、BDNF、VEGF、及びHGFから選ばれる1以上の栄養因子を分泌することが好ましい。なかでも、BDNF及び/又はVEGFを分泌することが重要であり、BDNFを分泌することがとくに重要である。
本発明において、上記CX3CL1、EGFR、ITGA4、BDNF、VEGF、HGFの発現は、当該分野で周知の方法により容易に測定することができる。たとえば、遺伝子レベルでの発現解析は、リアルタイムPCR(リアルタイムRT-PCR)、マイクロアレイ、ノザンブロットなどを利用することができる。また、タンパクレベルでの発現解析は、ELISA、フローサイトメトリー(FCM)、プロテインチップなどを利用することができる。
本発明で使用されるMSCのソースとしては、骨髄、末梢血、臍帯血、胎児胚、脳などがあるが、本発明においてはヒト骨髄又は血液由来のMSC(骨髄間葉系幹細胞)、とくにヒト骨髄MSCが好ましい。
本発明の細胞医薬に含まれるMSCの細胞数は多い程好ましいが、対象への投与時期や、培養に要する時間を勘案すると、効果を示す最小量であることが実用的である。したがって、本発明の好ましい態様において、MSCの細胞数は、107個以上、好ましくは5x107個以上、より好ましくは108個以上、さらに好ましくは5x108個以上である。投与回数は1回に限られず、2回以上投与されてもよい。
本発明は、間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬の製造方法も提供する。本発明の細胞医薬の製造方法は、a)間葉系幹細胞を含む培養物にサイトカインを添加し、間葉系幹細胞がCX3CL1を発現していることを確認する工程、及び/又は、b)間葉系幹細胞がEGFR及び/又はITGA4を発現していることを確認する工程を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明は、間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬の免疫調整能を評価する方法も提供する。前記評価方法は、間葉系幹細胞を炎症性サイトカインで刺激し、CX3CL1の発現を測定する工程を含む。使用する「炎症性サイトカイン」、CX3CL1の発現の測定方法は、1及び2に記載したとおりである。
間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬の損傷部位への集積能を評価する方法も提供する。前記評価方法は、間葉系幹細胞が90%以上EGFR及び/又はITGA4の発現していることを確認する工程を含む。
MSCの細胞死の抑制効果や免疫調整作用については、損傷部位でのMSCによるMicroglia及びMacrophageのModulation(調整)作用が関係していることが知られている。そこで、MSCを含む細胞医薬における免疫調整能を検討するために、関連する因子としてTSG-6、CX3CL1、TGF-β1の発現をリアルタイムRT-PCR法とELISA法で解析した。
1.1細胞培養
MSCサンプルは治験用(STRO1)の異なる3ロットのサンプル(KN-011, KY-14, KA-17)を用いた。前記MSCサンプルを培養液14 mL(10% ヒト血清, 1% Penicillin-streptomysin, 1% L-Glutamine)に懸濁し、150 mmディッシュに0.7-1.0×106 cells /dishの密度で播種した。温度37 ℃、5% CO2の条件下で培養し、80% 程度のコンフルエントであることを確認後、継代作業を行い5.0×105 cells/dishの密度で播種した。引き続き継代培養を行い、継代4回目に100 mmディッシュに3.0×105 cells/dishの密度で播種した。以下の全ての実験系において継代数4回の細胞を使用した。
継代4回目を行った24時間後に通常の培養液(10 % FBS, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin, 1% L-Glutamine)、及び炎症性サイトカイン(TNF-α(50 ng/ml), IFN-γ(50 ng/ml), IL-6(50 ng/ml), TNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6(各50 ng/ml))を添加した10 m Lの培養液に交換した(5条件, n=3)。上記炎症性サイトカインは脊髄損傷部位で分泌され、さまざまな細胞障害を引き起こすと考えられている。交換48時間後に培養上清を回収し、遠心処理(2280 g, 20 min)した。その後、1.5 mlチューブに200μlずつ分注し、-80℃フリーザーに保存した。上清回収後、トリプシン処理で細胞をディッシュから剥離し、細胞カウントを行った。細胞カウント後、RNA抽出キット(QIAGEN)を用いてTotal RNAを抽出した。Total RNAからcDNAを合成し、それらを鋳型としてリアルタイムRT-PCRを行った。
2.1 リアルタイムRT-PCR法による遺伝子発現
細胞から抽出したTotal RNAからcDNAを合成した。合成したcDNAを鋳型として、TSG-6、CX3CL1、TGF-β1の各因子のTaqmanプローブを用いてPCR反応を行った。各Targetと内部標準のCt値からΔΔCt法により通常の培養液と炎症性サイトカインを添加して培養した細胞の遺伝子発現量を比較定量した。
1.1で回収、保存した培養上清をサンプルとし、培養上清中のTSG-6、CX3CL1、TGF-β1を定量した。試験検体は無添加(Naive)、TNF-α(50 ng/ml)、IFN-γ(50ng/ml)、IL-6(50ng/mL)及びTNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6(いずれも50ng/ml)添加とし、培養開始から48時間後にmRNA及び培養上清を回収してリアルタイムRT-PCRを行った。
3.1 リアルタイムRT-PCR(図1)
グラフは対照との相対的発現比を示し、表はCt値を示す。いずれのロットでもTSG-6、CX3CL1、TGF-β1の遺伝子発現が確認され、特にTSG-6とCX3CL1の発現はTNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6の混合添加により顕著に増加した。本結果から、MSCはMicroglia及びMacrophageへのModulation(調整)作用に関与していること、またその作用にTSG-6、CX3CL1、TGF-β1が寄与していることが示唆された。
TSG-6と TGF-β1はいずれのロットにおいてもサイトカイン刺激による発現量の変化は認められなかったが、CX3CL1は未刺激やサイトカイン単独での刺激ではほとんど発現が認められないのに対し、TNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6の混合添加により顕著な発現が認められた。また、RT-PCRでもTNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6混合刺激による発現の方が、それぞれ単独刺激による発現の総和よりも多い結果となった。
CX3CL1は、ELISAではほとんど発現が認められないが、TNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6の混合刺激により発現が確認された。また、TNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6混合刺激による発現の方が、それぞれ単独刺激による発現の総和よりも多いというCX3CL1の発現特徴はMSCが分泌する他の免疫調整能関連因子(TSG-6、TGF-β1)では認められず、したがって、CX3CL1はMSCの免疫調整能を評価する指標として有用であると推察された。
MSCの神経保護作用には複数の栄養因子等の関与が考えられる。MSC が分泌する栄養因子(VEGF、HGF、NGF、GDNF、PDGF-A、PDGF-A、PlGF、BDNF)の発現を解析した。
細胞培養及びTotal RNAの調製は実施例1に記載した方法で行った。
実施例1と同様。
3.1 リアルタイムRT-PCR(図3)
グラフは対照との相対的発現比を示し、表はCt値を示す。炎症性サイトカインを添加していない培養液で培養したMSCでは、神経栄養因子であるBDNF、NGF、GDNFや、血管新生に関わるVEGF、PDGF-A、PlGF、損傷組織の修復・再生に関わるHGFの発現が確認できた。TNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6の混合刺激では、NGFの発現に増加傾向が認められた。
炎症性サイトカインを添加していない培養液で培養したMSCでは、神経栄養因子であるmature-BDNFとその前駆体であるproBDNF、血管新生に関わるVEGFの分泌が確認された。また、HGF、PlGFは3検体中2検体で確認された。一方、NGF、GDNF、PDGF-ABは分泌が確認されなかった。TNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6の混合刺激では、VEGFとHGFの分泌量に増加傾向が認められた。
mRNAレベルでは、全ての栄養因子の発現が確認されたものの、タンパクレベルでは全サンプルで分泌の確認が可能であったのはBDNF、VEGFのみであった。PlGF及びHGFでは3ロット中2ロットのみで確認が可能であった。
MSCの損傷部位への集積を評価するために、FCM法、Migration AssayおよびリアルタイムRT-PCR法によりMSCのin vitro 遊走能を解析した。
細胞培養及びTotal RNAの調製は実施例1に記載した方法で行った。
2.1 フローサイトメトリー(FCM)法
まず、遊走性に関連するケモカイン及び成長因子の解析として、FCM法を用いてそれぞれ下記のレセプターの発現を解析した。
ケモカインレセプター:
CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、
CXCR5、CXCR6、CXCR7、CX3CR1
成長因子レセプター:
VEGFR1、VEGFR2、PDGFRβ、EGFR、IGF-1R、FGF-R2、HGFR、Tie-2
<接着因子>
ICAM2、VCAM、ALCAM、HCAM(CD44)、ITGAV、ITGA4、ITGB1
次に、下記に示すケモカイン、成長因子を培地に添加し、MSCの遊走能をMigration Assay法を用いて検討した。
VEGF、EGF、HGF、IGF-1、PDGF-AB、bFGF、ANGPT-1
MCP-1(CCL2)、MIP-1α(CCL3)、RANTES(CCL5)、Eotaxin-1(CCL11)、MDC(CCL22),
Eotaxin-2(CCL24)、CRO-α(CXCL1)、SDF-1(CXCL12)、Fractalkine(CX3CL1)
1)ウェルプレートに遊走因子を添加してインサートをセットし、
2)インサート上部に細胞懸濁液を添加し、
3)18時間後に遊走細胞数をCalcein AM(同仁化学研究所)で染色細胞をカウントした。
結果は、ケモカイン、成長因子無添加時の遊走細胞数を1.0とする相対的遊走比で評価した。
相対的遊走比=細胞数(遊走因子添加)/細胞数(遊走因子未添加)
実施例1にしたがい、細胞の血管内皮への接着や、組織への浸潤に係わる因子について、炎症性サイトカイン刺激の有無による遺伝子発現をリアルタイムRT-PCR法により解析した。
<接着因子>
ITGB1、ITGA4
<浸潤関連タンパク質>
MMP1、MMP2、TIMP1、TIMP2
3.1 FCM法によるMSCのケモカインレセプター、成長因子レセプター、接着因子の解析(表1及び図5)
ケモカインレセプターについては、一部細胞でCCR5、CXCR3などの発現が認められたものの、全ての細胞に共通して発現しているものはなかった。一方、成長因子のレセプターについては、EGFR、HGFR、NGFR、Tie2の発現が認められた。接着因子については、遊走したMSCの血管内皮細胞への接着に関与すると考えられるNCAD、CD44、NCAM、ALCAM、ITGA4、ITGB1の発現が認められた。
EGF、PDGF-AB、βFGF、ANGPT-1、MCP-1(CCL2)、MIP-1α(CCL3)により遊走の促進が認められ、特に、EGF、MCP-1(CCL2)では傾向が顕著であった。
接着因子であるITGB1、ITGA4や浸潤に関連するMMP1、MMP2、TIMP1、TIMP2を発現していることが確認された。また、炎症性サイトカイン(TNF-α/IFN-γ/IL-6)で刺激したMSCは、MMP1の発現が大幅に増加することが確認された。ITGB1やITGA4は血管内皮への接着に重要であり、遊走した細胞の損傷部位への集積に関連することが報告されている(前掲James et al., 2007)。また、MMP、TIMPファミリーが細胞の基底膜を融解し、遊走した細胞が損傷部位へ浸潤することが知られている(Caroline et al.,2008, Mariusz et al., 2012)。これらの報告と上記結果から、MSCを含む医薬は血管内皮への接着と組織への浸潤に関連する特性を有していることが示唆された。
FCMによるレセプターの解析とMigration Assayの結果から、MSCの遊走能の指標としてEGFRの発現が特に重要であることが確認された。また、FCM解析とリアルタイムRT-PCR解析の結果から、MSCの遊走能の指標としてITGA4の発現が重要であることが確認された。
Claims (11)
- 間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬の製造方法であって、
a)間葉系幹細胞を含む培養物に炎症性サイトカインを添加し、間葉系幹細胞がCX3CL1を発現していることを確認する工程、及び/又は
b)間葉系幹細胞の90%以上がEGFR及び/又はITGA4を発現していることを確認する工程
を含む、前記方法。 - 間葉系幹細胞を含む培養物中におけるBDNF、VEGF、及びHGFから選ばれるいずれか1以上の分泌能を確認する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 炎症性サイトカインが、TNF-α、INFγ、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、及びIL-18からなる群から選ばれる1以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 炎症性サイトカインが、TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬であって、
a)前記間葉系幹細胞が炎症性サイトカインの刺激によりCX3CL1を発現するものである、及び/又は
b)前記間葉系幹細胞の90%以上がEGFR及び/又はITGA4を発現しているものである、前記細胞医薬。 - 前記間葉系幹細胞がBDNF、VEGF、及びHGFから選ばれるいずれか1以上の分泌能を有する、請求項5に記載の細胞医薬。
- 炎症性サイトカインが、TNF-α、INFγ、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12、及びIL-18からなる群から選ばれる1以上である、請求項5又は6に記載の細胞医薬。
- 炎症性サイトカインが、TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6を含む、請求項5又は6に記載の細胞医薬。
- TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6の混合物の刺激によるCX3CL1発現量が、TNF-α、INFγ、及びIL-6それぞれ単独の刺激によるCX3CL1発現量の総和よりも多い、請求項5又は6に記載の細胞医薬。
- 間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬の免疫調整能を評価する方法であって、間葉系幹細胞を炎症性サイトカインで刺激し、CX3CL1の発現を測定する工程を含む、前記方法。
- 間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞医薬の損傷部位への集積能を評価する方法であって、前記間葉系幹細胞におけるEGFR及び/又はITGA4の発現が90%以上であるかを評価する工程を含む、前記方法。
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| JPWO2022153996A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-07-21 | ||
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| CN115233314A (zh) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-10-25 | 上海泉生生物科技有限公司 | 细胞库系统的构建方法、细胞库系统、制剂及细胞产品 |
| WO2024121821A1 (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-13 | Mesoblast International Sarl | Conditioned media and use of the same |
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| JP2023541224A (ja) * | 2019-08-15 | 2023-09-29 | ネクストセル ファーマ エービー | Covid-19の処置のためのアロジェニックな組成物 |
| JP2021050167A (ja) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-04-01 | 株式会社Adeka | 抗炎症剤 |
| JP7498551B2 (ja) | 2019-09-26 | 2024-06-12 | 株式会社Adeka | 抗炎症剤 |
| JPWO2022153996A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-07-21 | ||
| WO2022153996A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-07-21 | ロート製薬株式会社 | 間葉系幹細胞、抗炎症剤及び神経疾患治療剤 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| IL274538B (en) | 2022-12-01 |
| US20200345781A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
| KR20200085818A (ko) | 2020-07-15 |
| EP3708175A4 (en) | 2021-07-28 |
| AU2018363983A1 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
| EP3708175A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
| IL274538B2 (en) | 2023-04-01 |
| JP7306635B2 (ja) | 2023-07-11 |
| IL274538A (en) | 2020-06-30 |
| CA3082368A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
| SG11202004292PA (en) | 2020-06-29 |
| CN111343997A (zh) | 2020-06-26 |
| AU2018363983B2 (en) | 2025-07-17 |
| JPWO2019093481A1 (ja) | 2021-02-04 |
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