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WO2019074751A1 - Laminé de verre renforcé isolé ayant des propriétés de montée en température rapide ainsi que système et procédé de chauffage associés - Google Patents

Laminé de verre renforcé isolé ayant des propriétés de montée en température rapide ainsi que système et procédé de chauffage associés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019074751A1
WO2019074751A1 PCT/US2018/054297 US2018054297W WO2019074751A1 WO 2019074751 A1 WO2019074751 A1 WO 2019074751A1 US 2018054297 W US2018054297 W US 2018054297W WO 2019074751 A1 WO2019074751 A1 WO 2019074751A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
layer
glass layer
laminate article
glass laminate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2018/054297
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vikram Bhatia
Yuehao LI
Elias Panides
Ah-Young PARK
Yousef Kayed QAROUSH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Corning Inc
Original Assignee
Corning Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Inc filed Critical Corning Inc
Publication of WO2019074751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019074751A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/302—Conductive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates generally to a laminate comprising a strengthened glass layer, and specifically to such a laminate providing improved heat up (less time to get to time to get to a desired temperature).
  • improved heat up properties allow the laminate to have a high level of defogging and defrosting performance when the laminate is used as windows and glazing in various applications including architectural and transportation applications (e.g., vehicles including automobiles and trucks, rolling stock, locomotive and airplanes).
  • the laminate may also provide for a high level of insulation which improves heat retention such as within a vehicle cabin.
  • One embodiment of the disclosure relates to a glass laminate article including a strengthened inner glass layer, an interlayer disposed on the outer surface of the inner glass layer and an external glass layer.
  • the strengthened inner glass layer includes an inner surface, an outer surface opposite the inner surface, and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces in a range from 0.05 mm to 1 mm.
  • the external glass layer includes an inner surface, an outer surface and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces in a range from 1 mm to 20 mm.
  • the glass laminate article includes a heating coating located between the inner surface of the external glass layer and the interlayer.
  • An additional embodiment of the disclosure relates to a system for efficiently heating an external surface of a glass laminate article.
  • the system includes a strengthened inner glass layer having an inner surface, an outer surface opposite the inner surface, and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces of 0.05 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • the system includes an interlayer disposed on the outer surface of the inner glass layer.
  • the system includes an external glass layer having an inner surface, an outer surface, and an average thickness between the inner surface and the outer surface that is greater than the average thickness of the strengthened inner glass layer.
  • the system includes a heating coating located between the interlayer and the external glass layer. The heating coating delivers a power of at least 100 W per m 2 of area of the inner surface of the external glass layer to the glass laminate article , and more specifically at least 100 W per m 2 of area of the inner surface of the external glass layer to the glass laminate article .
  • An additional embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of efficiently and quickly heating an exterior surface of a window of a vehicle.
  • the method includes heating an inner glass layer of the window.
  • the inner glass layer includes an inner surface defining an interior surface of the vehicle window, an outer surface opposite the inner surface, an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces of between 0.05 mm and 1 mm and a first glass composition having a thermal conductivity greater than 0.95 W/m-K.
  • the method includes heating an outer glass layer of the window.
  • the outer glass layer includes an inner surface facing the exterior surface of the inner glass layer, an outer surface opposite the inner surface and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces of greater than 1 mm. Heat is transferred across both the inner glass layer and the outer glass layer to melt frost located on the outer surface of the outer glass layer.
  • An additional embodiment of the disclosure relates to a glass laminate article including a strengthened inner glass layer.
  • the inner glass layer includes an inner surface, an outer surface opposite the inner surface and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces in a range from 0.05 mm to 1 mm.
  • the glass laminate article includes an external glass layer.
  • the external glass layer includes an inner surface, an outer surface and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces in a range from 1 mm to 20 mm and specifically from 1 mm to 4 mm.
  • the glass laminate article includes a thermally insulating interlayer having a high thermal resistance and is located between the strengthened inner glass layer and the external glass layer.
  • the glass laminate article includes a heating coating located between the inner surface of the external glass layer and the insulating interlayer.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a glass laminate article, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a vehicle utilizing a heating system and method including the glass laminate article of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a vehicle utilizing the glass laminate article of FIG. 1 as a vehicle window, according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a plot of melting time and efficiency change of a model of two glass laminate articles given different heating systems, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a plot of melting time and efficiency change of a model of two additional glass laminate articles given different heating systems, according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a plot of melting time and efficiency change of a model of two additional glass laminate articles given different heating systems, according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a plot of glass temperature vs. heating time of a model of two additional glass laminate articles, according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a plot of a model showing the effect of the thickness of an inner layer of a glass laminate article on melting time and efficiency, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a plot of a model showing the effect of the total thickness of a glass laminate article on melting time, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a plot of exterior surface defogging time of a model of six exemplary glass laminate articles given different heating systems, total glass thicknesses and relative humidity, according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a plot of interior surface defogging time of a model of six exemplary glass laminate articles given different heating systems, total glass thicknesses and relative humidity, according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a plot of exterior surface defogging efficiency change of a model of six exemplary glass laminate articles having a thin inner layer of Gorilla Glass in place of a thicker SLG inner layer, given different heating systems and relative humidity, according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a plot of interior surface defogging efficiency change of a model of six exemplary glass laminate articles having a thin inner layer of Gorilla Glass in place of a thicker SLG inner layer, given different heating systems and relative humidity, according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIGS. 14A-14B show the vehicle cabin, blown hot air heater, and glass laminate geometries used for the thermal performance modeling discussed herein.
  • FIGS. 14C-14D illustrate the glass laminate articles and ice layers used in the thermal performance modeling discussed herein.
  • FIG. 15 A shows a plot of the defrosting time for thick and thin glass laminate articles utilizing a blown hot air heater generated via the thermal performance modeling discussed herein.
  • FIG. 15 B shows a plot of the defrosting time for thick and thin glass laminate articles utilizing an embedded heating layer generated via the thermal performance modeling discussed herein.
  • the glass laminate article discussed herein includes a thin, inner layer of glass material that has a high thermal conductivity that facilitates heat transfer from a heating system (e.g., a blown air heating system of a vehicle, an embedded resistive heating layer or a combination thereof) through the glass laminate article.
  • a heating system e.g., a blown air heating system of a vehicle, an embedded resistive heating layer or a combination thereof
  • Applicant has determined that such a glass laminate article can greatly improve heat transfer efficiency and both defogging and defrosting times.
  • the inner glass layer of the glass laminate article is a thin layer of highly strengthened glass material, e.g., a chemically strengthened glass material.
  • a chemically strengthened glass material increases heat transfer efficiency of the glass laminate while also providing a low weight glass laminate article with high strength, and high shatter resistance.
  • the glass laminate article discussed herein is particularly suited as a vehicle window forming part of a heating system that delivers heat through the glass laminate article to defog or defrost the vehicle window.
  • the glass laminate article includes an internal heating layer located between an inner surface of an outer or external glass layer and a bonding interlayer located between the heating layer and the internal glass layer.
  • heating efficiency of the glass laminate article is improved, and particularly the efficiency with which heat is delivered to the outer surface of the glass laminate article is improved.
  • this high level of heat transfer provides for significant improvements in heating efficiency and consequently in defogging and defrosting time.
  • the high heating efficiency of the heating layer adjacent the exterior glass layer achieves a desired level of defrosting/defogging performance while using relatively low amounts of energy as compared to hot air blown defogging/defro sting systems utilizing standard thick laminate vehicle windows.
  • Applicant has designed a lightweight, thin, glass laminate structure that provides both high heating efficiency delivered to the exterior surface of the laminate for defrosting/defogging efficiency while also including a highly insulating material/layer that facilitates heat retention within the vehicle cabin.
  • Applicant has found that by positioning the heating layer adjacent to the outer glass layer and positioning an insulating layer to the interior of the heating layer, a glass laminate can be provided that both allows high heat transfer to the outer glass ply for defrosting/defogging while at the same time limiting the ability of heat to escape the vehicle cabin through the glass laminate article, forming a vehicle windshield, window, sunroof, etc.
  • a glass laminate article 10 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Glass laminate article 10 includes an inner glass layer 12, an interlayer 14, a heating layer or coating 16 and an outer glass layer 18.
  • inner glass layer 12 includes an inner surface 20 and an outer surface 22.
  • Interlayer 14 is located or disposed on outer surface 22 of inner glass layer 12, and acts to bind inner glass layer 12, heating coating 16 and outer glass layer 18 into glass laminate article 10.
  • one of the layers of article 10 located toward the interior of heating layer 16, such as interlayer 14 may also be configured to decrease heat transfer and therefore increase insulation provided to the vehicle cabin by glass laminate article 10.
  • inner glass layer 12 is a relatively thin layer of
  • inner glass layer 12 is formed from a thin layer of chemically strengthened glass that provides both the high strength and high heat conductivity as discussed herein.
  • a glass laminate article with a thin high heat conductive internal glass layer provides improved heating properties that makes glass laminate article 10 particularly useful in conjunction with a variety of heating systems (e.g., vehicle window heating systems) which improves overall heating efficiency, defrost times and/or defogging times.
  • Interlayer 14 may be a wide variety of materials suitable for bonding together the various layers of glass laminate article 10.
  • interlayer 14 is a polymer binding layer.
  • interlayer 14 is a polymer interlayer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylenevinylacetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ionomers, and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
  • the interlayer may be applied as a preformed polymer interlayer.
  • the polymer interlayer can be, for example, a plasticized polyvinyl butyral (PVB) sheet.
  • the polymer interlayer can comprise a monolithic polymer sheet, a multilayer polymer sheet, or a composite polymer sheet.
  • Outer glass layer 18 includes an inner surface 24 and an outer surface 26.
  • heating coating 16 is located between inner surface 24 of outer glass layer 18 and interlayer 14. In specific embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1 , heating coating 16 is located or disposed on inner surface 24 of outer glass layer 18. In general, heating coating 16 is a thin layer of material that forms a resistive heating element located within glass laminate article 10.
  • heating coating 16 is formed from a transparent conductive oxide material and is configured to deliver power of at least 100 W per m 2 and specifically 400 W per m 2 of area of the inner surface 24 to the glass laminate article, and in specific modeling discussed below, heating coating 16 is modeled as delivering power of 600 W per m 2 of area of the inner surface 24.
  • heating coating 16 is formed from fluorine-doped tin oxide (Sn02:F), indium tin oxide (ITO), or thin stacks of oxides and metallic silver.
  • glass laminate article 10 is particularly useful as part of heating systems and methods for vehicle windows, and when used in such systems, various properties or characteristics of the different layers of glass laminate article 10 have been determined to play important roles in heating performance of glass laminate article 10.
  • the thickness of inner glass layer 12 and of outer glass layer 18 are related to the heating efficiency of glass laminate article 10.
  • inner glass layer 12 has an average thickness, Tl
  • outer glass layer 18 has an average thickness, T2
  • Tl is in a range from 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, specifically from 0.05 mm to 1 mm, and more specifically from 0.1 mm and 0.8 mm.
  • Tl is less than or equal to 0.7 mm, is about 0.5 mm (e.g., 0.5 mm plus or minus 10%) or is about 0.7 mm (e.g., 0.7 mm plus or minus 10%).
  • T2 is greater than Tl and in specific embodiments, T2 is in a range from 1 mm to 20 mm, and specifically 1 mm to 4 mm.
  • interlayer 14 includes an average thickness, T3 , and in various embodiments, T3 is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm, and specifically is between 0.7 mm and 0.8 mm.
  • T3 is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm, and specifically is between 0.7 mm and 0.8 mm.
  • glass laminate article 10 has a relatively low total average thickness, T4, and in specific embodiments, T4 is less than 4 mm.
  • Applicant has found that by lowering the overall thickness of glass laminate article 10 better temperature distribution through the laminate can be achieved, which in turn relates to faster/more efficient defrosting/defogging of the laminate.
  • inner glass layer 12 and outer glass layer 18 are formed from glass materials having levels of thermal conductivity Applicant has determined as facilitating the effective use of glass laminate article as part of a vehicle window heating system.
  • inner glass layer 12 is formed from a glass material having a high level of thermal conductivity, such as a thermal conductivity greater than 0.95 W/mK.
  • the thermal conductivity of inner glass layer 12 is greater than the thermal conductivity of outer glass layer 18, and in some such embodiments, the thermal conductivity of inner glass layer 12 is at least 20% greater than the thermal conductivity of outer glass layer 18.
  • outer glass layer 18 is formed from a glass composition that is different from the glass composition of inner glass layer 12, and in some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the material of outer glass layer 18 is less than that of inner glass layer 12. In one such embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the material of outer glass layer 18 is less than 0.95 W/mK.
  • inner glass layer 12 is formed from a chemically strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glass composition or an alkali aluminoboro silicate glass composition
  • the external glass layer is formed from a soda lime glass (SLG)
  • inner glass layer 12 is a thin layer providing high heat transfer, fast heating, low weight and high strength, while outer glass layer 18 forms the bulk of the thickness of glass laminate article 10.
  • the high thermal conductivity of the material of inner glass layer 12 is balanced by the lower thermal conductivity of outer glass layer 18 (and of interlayer 14) such that the aggregate thermal conductivity of glass laminate article 10 is less than 0.550 W/mK.
  • the low overall thickness, T4 combined with the high level of heat conductivity, allows glass laminate 10 to transfer heat through laminate 10 at a high rate which provides for efficient and fast defogging and defrosting.
  • glass laminate article 10, and inner glass layer 12 in particular, is configured to provide other functions that make it suitable for use in a vehicle window application.
  • the low thickness of inner glass layer 12 decreases the overall weight of glass laminate article 10 (as compared to some conventional glass laminate articles that utilize a thicker inner layer).
  • inner glass layer 12 is a highly strengthened glass layer.
  • inner glass layer 12 has a compressive stress on inner surface 20 that is at least 300 MPa.
  • inner glass layer 12 is a chemically strengthened material, such as an alkali aluminosilicate glass material or an alkali aluminoborosilicate glass composition, having a chemically strengthened compression layer having a depth of compression (DOC) in a range from about 30 ⁇ to about 90 ⁇ , and a compressive stress on inner surface 20 of between 300 MPa to 1000 MPa.
  • DOC depth of compression
  • the chemically strengthened glass is strengthened through ion exchange, and the strengthening can be provided to inner glass layer 12 either before or after being bonded into the laminate structure.
  • a vehicle 30 includes one or more window 32, and glass laminate article 10 forms all of or part of window 32.
  • window 32 is supported within an opening defined by vehicle frame or body 34 such that inner surface 20 of glass laminate article 10 faces a vehicle interior 36.
  • outer surface 26 of glass laminate article 10 faces toward the exterior of vehicle 30 and may define the outermost surface of window 32.
  • glass laminate article 10 has been determined by Applicant to be particularly useful as part of a vehicle heating system, such as a defogging/defrosting system.
  • vehicle 30 includes a heating system 40 and a power supply 42.
  • heating system 40 is a system configured to deliver energy to glass laminate article 10 and power supply 42 is an energy source for heating system 40.
  • heating system 40 includes a conventional hot air blowing system, heating coating layer 16 or a combination of a hot air blowing system and heating coating layer 16. Whether heating system 40 includes a conventional hot air blowing system, heating coating layer 16 or both, the improved heating efficiency of glass laminate article 10 provides high heating efficiency, and specifically high defogging and defrosting efficiency.
  • heating system 40 combines both heating coating layer 16 with a conventional hot air blower (e.g., blowing hot air from a vehicle engine), and the thermal properties of glass laminate article 10 allow fast melting of a frost layer located on outer surface 26.
  • glass laminate article 10 combined with heating system 40 is configured to transfer heat through glass laminate article 10 at a high heat transfer rate such that a frost layer on outer surface 26 is melted in less 120 seconds and, more specifically, in less than 80 seconds.
  • the frost layer has an average thickness of 0.1 mm, a density of 150 kg/m 3 , .a film coefficient of 1 W/m 2o C and an initial temperature of -20°C.
  • the blowing hot air is treated as a convection with a film coefficient of 50 W/m 2o C at 40°C ambient temperature.
  • heating system 40 operates to heat inner glass layer 12, for example through application of hot air onto inner surface 20, via the hot air blowing system. Heat is quickly transferred through thin, high heat conducting inner glass layer 12 as discussed above, through interlayer 14 and through external layer 18 to melt frost (or evaporate water in the case of defogging applications) located on outer surface 26. In specific embodiments, heat is also delivered from heating coating, 16 further increasing heating efficiency provided by glass laminate article 10.
  • vehicle 30 is an electric vehicle incorporating the high heating efficiency glass laminate article 10 as discussed above.
  • the high heat transfer efficiency is particularly advantageous as the heat generated for defogging/defrosting in such an electric vehicle typically will be generated by the electrical power supply (e.g., battery of the vehicle) as opposed to utilizing excess heat as in conventional internal combustion vehicles.
  • the electrical power supply e.g., battery of the vehicle
  • glass laminate article 10 is expected to improve overall efficiency for such electric vehicles.
  • glass laminate article 10 may also be configured to provide additional functionality to vehicle 30.
  • glass laminate article 10 is configured to operate as part of a heads up display (HUD).
  • heating coating 16 may be configured to prevent interference with the HUD images.
  • inner surface 20 of inner glass layer 12 may be shaped to facilitate HUD formation.
  • glass laminate article 10 also provides an important function as an insulator to maintain heat within a region at least partially surrounded by one or more glass laminate articles 10, such as a vehicle cabin.
  • the insulating performance of the glass laminate article will tend to decrease the defrosting/defogging performance by limiting heat transfer from the blown hot air through the glass laminate to the frost/condensation on the outer glass surface.
  • glass laminate article 10 is structured to provide both the high heat transfer rates that provide high levels of defogging/defrosting performance, while at the same time, providing high levels of insulation to decrease heat transfer out of the vehicle cabin in cold environments and to decrease heat transfer into the vehicle in warm environments.
  • glass laminate article 10 is designed such that one or more layers of glass laminate article 10 located to the inside of heating coating 16 has a low level of thermal conductivity/high level of thermal resistance which limits the ability of heat within a space, such as a vehicle cabin, to traverse article 10 to be lost to the environment.
  • the low thermal conductivity layer(s) toward the interior relative to heating coating 16 act as insulating layer(s).
  • heating coating 16 by positioning heating coating 16 toward the exterior of the insulating layer and adjacent to outer glass layer 18, heat from heating coating 16 is to be transferred directly to outer glass layer 18 without first transferring through the insulating layer, which maintains the defrosting/defogging performance of the laminate.
  • glass laminate article 10 is configured to provide both insulation and high efficiency defrosting/defogging.
  • glass laminate article 10 includes an insulating interlayer 14 located between heating coating 16 and inner glass layer 12.
  • interlayer 14 of glass laminate article 10 is formed from a material with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.9 W/m*C, specifically less than 0.5 W/m*C and more specifically less than 0.3 W/m*C.
  • a polymer material such PVB
  • interlayer 14 is formed from a polymeric material, such as PVB, with a low thermal conductivity.
  • the insulating ability of interlayer 14 may be expressed in terms of thermal resistance.
  • the thermal resistance of interlayer 14 is greater than 0.005 K/W and more specifically is greater than 0.0057 K/W.
  • interlayer 14 is formed from a polymer material modified to provide even lower thermal conductivity.
  • interlayer 14 is formed from a polymer material with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.2 W/m*C.
  • the polymer material includes at least one of TPU, Sentry Glass, standard PVB and/or acoustic PVB.
  • interlayer 14 may be increased to further improve the insulation provided by interlayer 14.
  • the thickness of interlayer 14 may be increased without unduly increasing the total laminate thickness and without unduly increasing the weight of the laminate article.
  • interlayer 14 thickness T3 may be relatively large to increase the insulation provided by interlayer layer 14.
  • T3 is 1 mm to 2 mm, specifically is 1 mm to 1 .5 mm, and more specifically is 1.1 mm to 1.3 mm.
  • the percentage of the total thickness of glass laminate 10, T4, provided by interlayer 14 may also be selected to provide a high level of insulation.
  • T3/T4 is between .2 and .5, specifically is between .25 and .45 and more specifically is between .25 and .35.
  • Applicant has determined that utilizing a 1.2 mm PVB interlayer with a 0.7 mm Gorilla Glass inner layer and a 2.1 mm SLG outer layer achieves approximately 33.3% weight reduction while providing the same level of insulation as compared to a traditional thick laminate (e.g., one in which both the inner and outer glass layers are formed from 2.3 mm SLG).
  • the glass laminate articles discussed herein strike a balance between energy savings, weight reduction and insulation believed to not be achieved with prior glass laminate articles.
  • FIGS. 4-9 various models and tests demonstrating the heating efficiency and defrosting efficiency of glass laminate article 10 are shown according to various embodiments.
  • the materials and properties of various layers of glass laminate article 10 that were used to develop the data shown in FIGS. 4-9 are set forth in Table 1 below.
  • the frost in the various models discussed below is modeled having the following properties: frost density of 150 kg/m 3 , frost thickness of 0.1 mm, frost film coefficient of lW/m 2 , and initial temperature of -20°C.
  • frost density 150 kg/m 3
  • frost thickness of 0.1 mm frost film coefficient of lW/m 2
  • initial temperature of -20°C initial temperature of -20°C.
  • the blown hot air is treated as a convection with a film coefficient of 50 W/m 2o C at 40°C ambient temperature
  • FIG. 4 results of melting time modeling for two types of glass laminates; a "conventional" laminate having outer and inner layers both made of SLG having thicknesses of 2.1 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively, and an embodiment of glass laminate article 10 having an outer layer of SLG having a thickness of 2.1 mm and an inner layer of Corning Gorilla Glass (hereinafter GG) having a thickness of 0.55 mm.
  • FIG. 4 shows the melting time and efficiency for both laminate articles utilizing three different heating methods: hot air blowing, heating coating, and combined hot air blowing and heating coating. As shown in FIG. 4, a 21.4-24.2% improvement in melting time is achieved by the replacement of the inner 1.6 mm SLG layer with a 0.55 mm GG layer.
  • FIG. 5 results of melting time modeling for two types of glass laminates: a "conventional" laminate having outer and inner layers both made of SLG, both having thicknesses of 2.1 mm, and an embodiment of glass laminate article 10 having an outer glass layer 18 of SLG with a thickness of 2.1 mm and an inner glass layer 12 of GG having a thickness of 0.7 mm.
  • FIG. 5 shows the melting time and efficiency for both laminate articles utilizing three different heating methods: hot air blowing, heating coating, and combined hot air blowing and heating coating. As shown in FIG. 5, a 25.6-29.1% improvement in melting time is achieved by the replacement of the inner 2.1 mm SLG layer with a 0.7 mm GG layer.
  • FIG. 6 results of melting time modeling for two types of glass laminates: a "conventional" laminate having outer and inner layers both made of SLG, both having thicknesses of 3.2 mm, and an embodiment of glass laminate article 10 having an outer glass layer 18 of SLG having a thickness of 3.2 mm and an inner glass layer 12 of GG having a thickness of 0.7 mm.
  • FIG. 6 shows the melting time and efficiency for both laminate articles utilizing three different heating methods: hot air blowing, heating coating, and combined hot air blowing and heating coating.
  • a 32.9-37.5% improvement in melting time is achieved by the replacement of the inner 3.2 mm SLG layer with the 0.7 mm GG layer.
  • FIG. 7 shows heating times for a "conventional" laminate having outer and inner layers both made of SLG, both having thicknesses of 2.1 mm, and an embodiment of glass laminate article 10 having an outer glass layer 18 of SLG having a thickness of 2.1 mm and an inner glass layer 12 of GG having a thickness of 0.7 mm.
  • the glass laminate including the thin inner GG layer heats approximately 30% faster than the conventional SLG laminate.
  • FIG. 8 the effect of thickness of the interior glass layer 12 (Ply 2) on melting time is shown.
  • thickness of the outer glass layer 18 (Ply 1 ) is fixed as 2.1 mm, and thickness of inner glass layer 12 is varied from 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm for both cases of SLG/SLG and SLG/GG laminates. If a soda lime inner glass layer is replaced by the same thickness of GG, FIG. 8 shows that melting times vary based on the thickness of inner glass layer 12 in the same manner for both material types.
  • FIG. 9 shows modeling results of the effect of total glass laminate thickness on frost melt times for three heating systems: hot air alone, heating coating alone, and combined hot air and heating coating. As shown in FIG. 9, melting time appears proportional to the total thickness of the glass laminate to the first order. In addition, FIG. 9 shows that the combined heating system achieves the fastest melt times.
  • FIGS. 10-13 various models demonstrating the heating efficiency and defogging efficiency of glass laminate article 10 are shown according to various
  • the materials and properties of various layers of glass laminate article 10 that were used to develop the data shown in FIGS. 10-13 are set forth in Table 1 above. While defogging time varies based on a number of environmental factors including air temperature and relative humidity, Applicant has determined that significant defogging efficiency (e.g., up to 52.7% in Applicant's modeling) can be achieved through use of glass laminate article 10 as discussed herein. Further in these models, the fog is modeled having the following properties: fog density of 1000 kg/m 3 , fog thickness of 0.1 mm, fog thermal conductivity of 0.15 W/mK and a fog film coefficient of lW/m 2 .
  • FIG. 10 is a plot of defogging time vs. total glass laminate thickness depending on defogging methods (either heating coating alone or blown hot air alone) and relative humidity (RH) in case of fog formation on the outer surface of a windshield (e.g., temperature falling down during the night or early morning outside the car or switching on the AC in summer).
  • defogging time is proportional to the total thickness of the laminate (the combined thicknesses of Ply 1 and Ply 2) to the first order.
  • the conventional defogger takes a longer time to defog the outer windshield surface as compared with that of the transparent heating coating.
  • Applicant believes that the improvement in defogging achieved by the heating coating as shown in FIG. 10 is provided, at least in part, by the positioning of heating coating 16 between interlayer 14 and outer glass layer 18 (as shown in FIG. 1) and closer to the outermost surface of glass laminate article 10.
  • FIG. 11 is a plot of defogging time vs. total glass thickness depending on defogging methods and relative humidity (RH) in case of fog formation on the inside of the glass laminate (e.g., switching on the heater in the winter). It appears that defogging time is proportional to the total thickness of the laminate (the combined thicknesses of Ply 1 and Ply 2) to the first order.
  • the conventional defogger takes a longer time to defog the inner windshield surface as compared with that of the transparent heating coating. In case of the fog formation on the windshield inside as shown in FIG. 11, it takes 1.5-18 times longer to defog the windshield than the case of the fog formation on the outer windshield (FIG. 10).
  • FIG. 12 shows results of defogging time improvement percentage by using GG as the inner glass layer 12 (Ply 2) under various conditions. These results are obtained from the case of fog formation on the outer surface of the glass laminate (e.g., outer surface of a windshield, temperature falling down during the night or early morning outside the car or switching on the AC in summer). This plot shows the relation of total glass thickness, defogging method, and relative humidity on the defogging efficiency improvement.
  • FIG. 12 shows that use of transparent heating coating provides better defogging efficiency compared with the conventional defogger regardless of relative humidity. Specifically, FIG. 12 shows that the blown air defogger takes between 1.5 and 2 times longer to defog the outside of the glass as compared to a glass laminate using heating layer 16 for defogging, for various glass thicknesses and various levels of relative humidity.
  • thicker glass laminates e.g., those in which outer glass layer 18 (Ply 1) is 3.2 mm
  • thinner glass laminates e.g., those in which outer glass layer 18 (Ply 1) is 2.1 mm
  • FIG. 12 shows that replacement of a soda lime inner glass layer with a chemically tempered glass, such as Gorilla Glass is more effective in defrosting/defogging (i.e., has a larger effect on defrosting/defogging gains) in the case of thicker glass laminates.
  • FIG. 13 shows the results of defogging time improvement percentage by using GG as the inner glass layer 12 (Ply 2) under various conditions. These results are obtained for the case of fog formation on the inner surface of the glass laminate (e.g., inner surface of a windshield by switching on the heater in the winter).
  • This plot shows the relation of total glass thickness, defogging method, and relative humidity on the defogging efficiency improvement. Defogging efficiency increases exponentially as relative humidity decreases. The method of the transparent heating coating shows better defogging efficiency compared with the conventional defogger regardless of relative humidity. Specifically, FIG.
  • the blown air defogger takes between 0.94 and 1.3 times longer to defog the outside of the glass as compared to a glass laminate using heating coating 16 for defogging, for various glass thicknesses and various levels of relative humidity.
  • thicker glass laminates e.g., those in which outer glass layer 18 (Ply 1) is 3.2 mm
  • thinner glass laminates e.g., those in which outer glass layer 18 (Ply 1) is 2.1 mm
  • FIG. 14A shows a generic vehicle cabin geometry used to evaluate the defrosting efficiency of both thin and thick laminates via the modeling discussed herein.
  • FIG. 14B shows the hot-air blower underneath the windshield that is utilized for the blown hot air defrosting model discussed herein, and the numbers 1, 2, 3 denote the blower sections 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
  • FIG. 14C is an illustration of a thick glass laminate (e.g., one having two 2.3 mm SLG layers, and a 0.76 mm interlayer of PVB) coated with a 0.4 mm layer of ice.
  • FIG. 14A shows a generic vehicle cabin geometry used to evaluate the defrosting efficiency of both thin and thick laminates via the modeling discussed herein.
  • FIG. 14B shows the hot-air blower underneath the windshield that is utilized for the blown hot air defrosting model discussed herein, and the numbers 1, 2, 3 denote the blower sections 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
  • FIG. 14C is an illustration of a thick glass laminate (e.g., one having two 2.3
  • FIGS. 14C and 14D represent the glass laminate articles and ice layers used in the thermal performance modeling discussed herein.
  • Table 2 below shows the relevant material properties for the frost layer and for each of the layers of the glass laminate articles evaluated using the thermal performance modeling discussed in this section.
  • Table 3 shows the initial and boundary conditions used in the thermal performance modeling discussed in this section.
  • the thermal performance modeling was utilized to evaluate the defrosting efficiency of both thick and thin glass laminates utilizing a conventional blown hot air defroster/heat as shown in FIG. 14B.
  • the thermal performance modeling was utilized to evaluate the defrosting efficiency of both thick and thin glass laminates utilizing an embedded heater, such as heating coating 16, as discussed above and shown in FIG. 1.
  • the y axis shows the percent of ice layer defrosted: 0% corresponds to the initial state in which the windshield is fully covered by frost; 100% corresponds to the final stage in which the frost layer has been fully melted.
  • QM OW Pheating t, where Pheating is the heating power of the embedded heater, which is 600 W; t is the required heating time.
  • Table 5 shows a comparison of the heat transfer coefficient and insulation reduction between the thin glass laminate and the thick laminate for various vehicle speeds and cabin temperatures.
  • ambient temperature is assumed to be 30 °C.
  • Table 6 shows the insulation improvement provided by different thicknesses of PVB interlayers.
  • unit heat flux of thick laminate unit heat flux of thin laminate
  • unit heat flux of thick laminate use the value from the first row of Table 2 (e.g., the thick glass laminate) as the baseline.
  • the weight reduction is defined as:
  • Total weight of the thick laminate Total weight of the thin laminate
  • Table 7 shows the effect of defrosting efficiency of a high insulation glass laminate article utilizing a 1.2 mm PVB layer (last column) relative to the thick glass laminate and a thin glass laminate utilizing a 0.76 mm PVB layer.
  • a three-dimensional (3D) full cabin model was used to study the defrost process and insulation performance.
  • the cabin geometry is shown in FIG. 14A, and the dimensions of the cabin are close to those of a conventional automotive cabin.
  • the model utilizes hot air being blown through the heaters underneath the windshield, as illustrated in FIG. 14B.
  • the heat dimensions, blowing air speed and air temperature of a 2017 Lincoln Continental were measured and used in the modeling.
  • the profiled air speed of the Lincoln Continental defroster was identified.
  • the blower has a velocity profile: Section 1 in the center has the highest speed; sections 3 on the edges have the lowest air speed.
  • the model mimics these attributes, / ' . e. , the length and width of the blower slot, the speed and temperature of the hot air, etc.
  • the thick laminate has three layers: a 2.3 mm soda lime glass (SLG) inner glass layer, 0.76 mm PVB interlayer and 2.3 mm soda lime glass (SLG) outer layer.
  • the thin laminate as shown in FIG. 14D is comprised of 2.1 mm SLG outer glass layer, 0.76 mm PVB interlayer and 0.7 mm gorilla glass (GG) inner glass layer.
  • the model assumes the layer of frost is on the outside surface of the glass laminate articles.
  • the thickness of the frost layer is 0.4 mm, which is a standard value adopted by vehicle manufacturers for the defrost test benchmarking.
  • the corresponding material properties are listed in Table 2.
  • the modeling data demonstrates that the embedded heating layer is more efficient for defrosting than the conventional blowing air method.
  • the heater consumes energy to heat up the cold air first.
  • the heating efficiency is relatively low.
  • the conventional blowing air method has to consume a significant amount of energy to defrost, which is more than 10 times than that required by the embedded heater layer.
  • the low defrost efficiency of the conventional blown air method significantly affects the mileage of electrical cars. For similar reasons Applicant believes that the conventional blown air method would also show low efficiencies for de-fog applications.
  • Applicant has conducted modeling to evaluate the potential effect of providing improved insulation via increased interlayer thickness on defrosting performance.
  • Table 7 Applicant has evaluated the defrost performance of an insulating thin laminate having the following layer structure and dimensions: 2.1 mm SLG/1.2 mm PVB/0.7 mm Gorilla Glass.
  • the modeling predicts that the required defrost time of the insulating thin laminate using an embedded heating layer is 418 seconds. As shown in Table 7, this is a slight increase from the low insulating thin laminate having the following layered structure: 2.1 mm SLG/0.76 mm PVB/0.7 mm.
  • the defrost time of the insulated thin laminate is still much shorter than the standard thick laminate (2.3mm SLG/ 0.76 mm PVB/ 2.3mm SLG).
  • the energy saving for defrosting utilizing the insulating, thin glass laminate is 13.4%.
  • inner glass layer 12 may be formed from any of a variety of strengthened glass compositions.
  • glasses that may be used for inner glass layer 12 of glass laminate article 10 described herein may include alkali aluminosilicate glass compositions or alkali aluminoborosilicate glass compositions, though other glass
  • compositions are contemplated. Such glass compositions may be characterized as ion exchangeable. As used herein, "ion exchangeable" means that the layer comprising the composition is capable of exchanging cations located at or near the surface of the glass layer with cations of the same valence that are either larger or smaller in size.
  • the glass composition of inner glass layer 12 comprises S1O2, B2O3 and Na20, where (S1O2 + B2O3) > 66 mol. %, and Na20 > 9 mol. %.
  • Suitable glass compositions for inner glass layer 12 in some embodiments, further comprise at least one of K2O, MgO, and CaO.
  • the glass compositions used in inner glass layer 12 can comprise 61-75 mol.% Si0 2 ; 7-15 mol.% A1 2 0 3 ; 0-12 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 9-21 mol.% Na 2 0; 0-4 mol.% K 2 0; 0-7 mol.% MgO; and 0-3 mol.% CaO.
  • a further example of glass composition suitable for inner glass layer 12 comprises: 60-70 mol.% S1O2; 6-14 mol.% AI2O3; 0-15 mol.% B2O3; 0-15 mol.% L12O; 0-20 mol.% Na 2 0; 0-10 mol.% K 2 0; 0-8 mol.% MgO; 0-10 mol.% CaO; 0-5 mol.% Zr0 2 ; 0-1 mol.% Sn02; 0-1 mol.% Ce02; less than 50 ppm AS2O3; and less than 50 ppm Sb203; where 12 mol.%
  • a still further example of glass composition suitable for inner glass layer 12 comprises: 63.5-66.5 mol.% Si0 2 ; 8-12 mol.% A1 2 0 3 ; 0-3 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 0-5 mol.% Li 2 0; 8- 18 mol.% Na 2 0; 0-5 mol.% K 2 0; 1-7 mol.% MgO; 0-2.5 mol.% CaO; 0-3 mol.% Zr0 2 ; 0.05- 0.25 mol.% Sn02; 0.05-0.5 mol.% Ce02; less than 50 ppm AS2O3; and less than 50 ppm Sb 2 0 3 ; where 14 mol.% ⁇ (Li 2 0 + Na 2 0 + K 2 0) ⁇ 18 mol.% and 2 mol.% ⁇ (MgO + CaO)
  • an alkali aluminosilicate glass composition suitable for inner glass layer 12 comprises alumina, at least one alkali metal and, in some embodiments, greater than 50 mol.% S1O2, in other embodiments at least 58 mol.% S1O2, and in still other embodiments at least 60 mol.% S1O2, wherein the ratio ((AI2O3 + ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3)/ ⁇ modifiers)>l , where in the ratio the components are expressed in mol.% and the modifiers are alkali metal oxides.
  • This glass composition in particular embodiments, comprises: 58-72 mol.% S1O2; 9- 17 mol.% AI2O3; 2-12 mol.% B2O3; 8-16 mol.% Na 2 0; and 0-4 mol.% K 2 0, wherein the ratio((Al 2 0 3 + B 2 0 3 )/ ⁇ modifiers)>l .
  • the inner glass layer 12 may include an alkali aluminosilicate glass composition comprising: 64-68 mol.% S1O2; 12-16 mol.% Na20; 8-12 mol.% AI2O3; 0-3 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 2-5 mol.% K 2 0; 4-6 mol.% MgO; and 0-5 mol.% CaO, wherein: 66 mol.% ⁇ S1O2 + B 2 0 3 + CaO ⁇ 69 mol.%; Na 2 0 + K 2 0 + B 2 0 3 + MgO + CaO + SrO > 10 mol.%; 5 mol.% ⁇ MgO + CaO + SrO ⁇ 8 mol.%; (Na 2 0 + B 2 0 3 ) - A1 2 0 3 ⁇ 2 mol.%; 2 mol.% ⁇ Na 2 0 - A1 2 0 3 ⁇ 6 mol
  • inner glass layer 12 may comprise an alkali aluminosilicate glass composition comprising: 2 mol% or more of AI2O3 and/or Zr02, or 4 mol% or more of AI2O3 and/or Zr02.
  • inner glass layer 12 comprises a glass composition comprising S1O2 in an amount in the range from about 67 mol% to about 80 mol%, AI2O3 in an amount in a range from about 5 mol% to about 11 mol%, an amount of alkali metal oxides (R2O) in an amount greater than about 5 mol% (e.g., in a range from about 5 mol% to about 27 mol%).
  • the amount of R2O comprises L12O in an amount in a range from about 0.25 mol% to about 4 mol%, and K2O in an amount equal to or less than 3 mol%.
  • the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of MgO, and a non-zero amount of ZnO.
  • inner glass layer 12 is formed from a composition that exhibits S1O2 in an amount in the range from about 67 mol% to about 80 mol%, AI2O3 in an amount in the range from about 5 mol% to about 11 mol%, an amount of alkali metal oxides (R2O) in an amount greater than about 5 mol% (e.g., in a range from about 5 mol% to about 27 mol%), wherein the glass composition is substantially free of L12O, and a non-zero amount of MgO; and a non-zero amount of ZnO.
  • S1O2 in an amount in the range from about 67 mol% to about 80 mol%
  • AI2O3 in an amount in the range from about 5 mol% to about 11 mol%
  • R2O alkali metal oxides
  • inner glass layer 12 is formed from an aluminosilicate glass article comprising: a glass composition comprising S1O 2 in an amount of about 67 mol% or greater; and a sag temperature in a range from about 600 °C to about 710 °C.
  • inner glass layer 12 is formed from an aluminosilicate glass article comprising: a glass composition comprising S1O2 in an amount of about 68 mol% or greater; and a sag temperature in a range from about 600 °C to about 710 °C (as defined herein).
  • glass laminate article 10 and/or inner glass layer 12 is a glass article that can be pair sagged with another glass article that differs in any one or more of composition, thickness, strengthening level, and forming method (e.g., float formed as opposed to fusion formed).
  • the glass article described has a sag temperature of about 710 °C, or less or about 700 °C or less.
  • the glass article described herein may be pair sagged with a SLG article.
  • this glass article comprises a glass composition comprising S1O2 in an amount in the range from about 68 mol% to about 80 mol%, AI2O3 in an amount in a range from about 7 mol% to about 15 mol%, B2O3 in an amount in a range from about 0.9 mol% to about 15 mol%; a non-zero amount of P2O5 up to and including about 7.5 mol%, L12O in an amount in a range from about 0.5 mol% to about 12 mol%, and Na20 in an amount in a range from about 6 mol% to about 15 mol%.
  • the glass composition of inner glass layer 12 may include an oxide that imparts a color or tint to the glass articles.
  • the glass composition of inner glass layer 12 includes an oxide that prevents discoloration of the glass article when the glass article is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such oxides include, without limitation oxides of: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.
  • embodiments of glass laminate article 10 include a first major outer surface 26 which is the outer surface of outer glass layer 18, an opposing second major surface 20, which is the inner surface of inner glass layer 12.
  • a thickness T4 is defined between the first major surface and the second major surface.
  • T4 may be about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., in the range from about 0.01 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.1 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.2 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.3 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.4 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 2.5 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 2 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 1.5 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 1 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.9 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.8 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.7 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.6 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter, from about 0.1 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter
  • the surfaces of glass laminate article 10 may have a 3D or 2.5D shape. Additionally or alternatively, the thickness of the glass laminate article 10 may be constant along one or more dimension or may vary along one or more of its dimensions for aesthetic and/or functional reasons. For example, the edges of the glass article may be thicker as compared to more central regions of the glass article. The length, width and thickness dimensions of the glass article may also vary according to the article application or use. In some embodiments, glass laminate article 10 may have a wedged shape in which the thickness at one end is greater than the thickness at an opposing end. Where the thickness varies, the thickness ranges disclosed herein are the maximum thickness between the major surfaces.
  • Glass laminate article 10 and/or its glass layers may have a refractive index in the range from about 1.45 to about 1.55. As used herein, the refractive index values are with respect to a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • Glass laminate article 10 and/or its glass layers may be characterized by the manner in which it is formed.
  • the glass article may be characterized as float-formable (i.e., formed by a float process), down-drawable and, in particular, fusion-formable or slot- drawable (i.e., formed by a down draw process such as a fusion draw process or a slot draw process).
  • glass laminate article 10 and/or its glass layers described herein may exhibit an amorphous micro structure and may be substantially free of crystals or crystallites.
  • the glass articles exclude glass- ceramic materials.
  • inner glass layer 12 exhibits an average total solar transmittance of about 88% or less, over a wavelength range from about 300 nm to about 2500 nm, when inner glass layer 12 has a thickness of 0.7 mm.
  • inner glass layer 12 exhibits an average total solar transmittance in a range from about 60% to about 88%, from about 62% to about 88%, from about 64% to about 88%, from about 65% to about 88%, from about 66% to about 88%, from about 68% to about 88%, from about 70% to about 88%, from about 72% to about 88%, from about 60% to about 86%, from about 60% to about 85%, from about 60% to about 84%, from about 60% to about 82%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 60% to about 78%, from about 60% to about 76%, from about 60% to about 75%, from about 60% to about 74%, or from about 60% to about 72%.
  • inner glass layer 12 exhibits an average transmittance in the range from about 75% to about 85%, at a thickness of 0.7 mm or 1 mm, over a wavelength range from about 380 nm to about 780 nm.
  • the average transmittance at this thickness and over this wavelength range may be in a range from about 75% to about 84%, from about 75% to about 83%, from about 75% to about 82%, from about 75% to about 81 %, from about 75% to about 80%, from about 76% to about 85%, from about 77% to about 85%, from about 78% to about 85%, from about 79% to about 85%, or from about 80% to about 85%.
  • inner glass layer 12 exhibits T U v-38o or T uv -4oo of 50% or less (e.g., 49% or less, 48% or less, 45% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 23% or less, 20% or less, or 15% or less), at a thickness of 0.7 mm or 1 mm, over a wavelength range from about 300 nm to about 400 nm.
  • inner glass layer 12 may be strengthened to include compressive stress that extends from a surface to a depth of compression (DOC).
  • the compressive stress regions are balanced by a central portion exhibiting a tensile stress.
  • the stress crosses from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress.
  • inner glass layer 12 may be strengthened
  • the glass article may be strengthened thermally by heating the glass to a temperature below the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching.
  • inner glass layer 12 may be chemically strengthening by ion exchange.
  • ions at or near the surface of inner glass layer 12 are replaced by - or exchanged with - larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state.
  • ions in the surface layer of the article and the larger ions are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + .
  • monovalent cations in the surface layer may be replaced with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag + or the like. In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into inner glass layer 12 generate a stress.
  • layers 12 and 18 of glass laminate article 10 may be formed from a glass article/sheet that is strengthened, as described herein.
  • inner glass layer 12 comprises a chemically, mechanically or thermally strengthened glass, while outer glass layer 18 is not strengthened.
  • inner glass layer 12 comprises a chemically or thermally strengthened glass, while outer glass layer 18 is annealed. In one or more embodiments, inner glass layer 12 comprises a chemically, mechanically or thermally strengthened glass, while outer glass layer 18 is strengthened in different manner than the first glass layer (chemically, mechanically and/or thermally). In one or more embodiments, inner glass layer 12 comprises a chemically, mechanically or thermally strengthened glass, while outer glass layer 18 is strengthened in the same manner as inner glass layer 12 (chemically, mechanically and/or thermally).
  • Glass laminate article 10 can be used for a variety of different applications, devices, uses, etc.
  • glass laminate article 10 may form the sidelights, windshields, rear windows, windows, rearview mirrors, and sunroofs of vehicle 30.
  • vehicle includes automobiles, rolling stock, locomotive, boats, ships, and airplanes, helicopters, drones, space craft and the like.
  • glass laminate article 10 may be used in a variety of other applications where the combination of high strength and heat transfer are advantageous.
  • glass laminate article 10 may be used as architectural glass, building glass, etc.
  • glass laminate article 10 may be used for glass in variety of articles or devices intended for outdoor use (e.g., camera lens, binoculars, goggles, etc.) for which heat transfer efficiency increases defogging or defrost rates.
  • Aspect (1) of this disclosure pertains to a glass laminate article comprising: a strengthened inner glass layer comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface opposite the inner surface; and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces in a range from 0.05 mm to 1 mm; an interlayer disposed on the outer surface of the inner glass layer; an external glass layer comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface; and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces in a range from 1 mm to 20 mm; and a heating coating located between the inner surface of the external glass layer and the interlayer.
  • Aspect (2) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of Aspect (1), wherein the heating coating comprises a transparent conductive oxide material, and is configured to deliver power of at least 100 W per m 2 of area of the inner surface of the external glass layer to the glass laminate article.
  • Aspect (3) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of Aspect (1) or Aspect (2), wherein the inner glass layer comprises a compressive stress on the inner surface of at least 300 MPa.
  • Aspect (4) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (1) through (3), wherein the inner glass layer comprises: an alkali alumino silicate glass composition, or an alkali aluminoborosilicate glass composition; a chemically strengthened compression layer including DOC in a range from about 30 ⁇ to about 90 ⁇ ; and a compressive stress on the inner surface of between 300 MPato 1000 MPa.
  • the inner glass layer comprises: an alkali alumino silicate glass composition, or an alkali aluminoborosilicate glass composition; a chemically strengthened compression layer including DOC in a range from about 30 ⁇ to about 90 ⁇ ; and a compressive stress on the inner surface of between 300 MPato 1000 MPa.
  • Aspect (5) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (1) through (4), wherein the interlayer is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, ethylenevinylacetate, polyvinyl chloride, ionomers, and thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • Aspect (6) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (1) through (5), wherein the inner glass layer is formed from a first glass composition and the external glass layer is formed from a second glass composition different from the first glass composition.
  • Aspect (7) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of Aspect (6), wherein a thermal conductivity of the first glass composition is greater than 0.95 W/mK and a thermal conductivity of the second glass composition is less than 0.95 W/mK.
  • Aspect (8) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (1) through (7), wherein an aggregate thermal conductivity of the glass laminate is less than 0.550 W/mK.
  • Aspect (9) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (1) through (8), wherein the interlayer is a thermally insulating layer having a thermal resistance of greater than 0.005 K W.
  • Aspect (10) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of Aspect (9), wherein the thermally insulating interlayer comprises a polymer material having a thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • Aspect (1 1) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of Aspect (10), wherein the thermally insulating interlayer has a thickness between 1.1 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • Aspect (12) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (1) through (1 1), further comprising a portion of the inner surface of the inner glass layer forming a display for a heads up display.
  • Aspect (13) of this disclosure pertains to a glass laminate article comprising: a strengthened inner glass layer comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface opposite the inner surface; and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces in a range from 0.05 mm to 1 mm; an external glass layer comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface; and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces in a range from 1 mm to 20 mm; a thermally insulating interlayer having a thermal resistance of greater than 0.005 K W and located between the strengthened inner glass layer and the external glass layer; and a heating coating located between the inner surface of the external glass layer and the insulating interlayer.
  • Aspect (14) pertains to the glass laminate article of Aspect (13), wherein the thermally insulating interlayer comprises a polymer material having a thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • Aspect (15) pertains to the glass laminate article of Aspect (14), wherein the thermally insulating interlayer has a thickness between 1.1 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • polymer material is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, ethylenevinylacetate, polyvinyl chloride, ionomers, and thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • Aspect (17) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (13) through (16), wherein the heating coating comprises a transparent conductive oxide material, and is configured to deliver power of at least 100 W per m 2 of area of the inner surface of the external glass layer to the glass laminate article.
  • Aspect (18) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (13) through (17), wherein the inner glass layer comprises a compressive stress on the inner surface of at least 300 MPa.
  • Aspect (19) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (13) through (18), wherein the inner glass layer comprises: an alkali aluminosilicate glass composition, or an alkali aluminoborosilicate glass composition; a chemically strengthened compression layer including DOC in a range from about 30 ⁇ to about 90 ⁇ ; and a compressive stress on the inner surface of between 300 MPa to 1000 MPa.
  • the inner glass layer comprises: an alkali aluminosilicate glass composition, or an alkali aluminoborosilicate glass composition; a chemically strengthened compression layer including DOC in a range from about 30 ⁇ to about 90 ⁇ ; and a compressive stress on the inner surface of between 300 MPa to 1000 MPa.
  • Aspect (20) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (13) through (19), wherein the inner glass layer is formed from a first glass composition and the external glass layer is formed from a second glass composition different from the first glass composition.
  • Aspect (21) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of Aspect (20), The glass laminate article of claim 20, wherein a thermal conductivity of the first glass composition is greater than 0.95 W/mK and a thermal conductivity of the second glass composition is less than 0.95 W/mK.
  • Aspect (22) of this disclosure pertains to a vehicle comprising: a body comprising an interior; an opening in the body in communication with interior; and a window disposed in the opening, the window comprising the glass laminate article of any one of Aspects (1) through (21).
  • Aspect (23) of this disclosure pertains to the vehicle of Aspect (22), wherein the vehicle is an electric vehicle.
  • Aspect (24) of this disclosure pertains to a system for efficiently heating an external surface of a glass laminate article comprising: a strengthened inner glass layer comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface opposite the inner surface; and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces of 0.05 mm and 1.5 mm; an interlayer disposed on the outer surface of the inner glass layer; an external glass layer comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface; and an average thickness between the inner surface and the outer surface that is greater than the average thickness of the strengthened inner glass layer; and a heating coating located between the interlayer and the external glass layer; wherein the heating coating delivers a power of at least 100 W per m 2 of area of the inner surface of the external glass layer to the glass laminate article.
  • Aspect (25) of this disclosure pertains to the system of Aspect (24), further comprising a blower configured to blow hot air onto the inner surface of the inner glass layer, wherein a total average thickness of the glass laminate article between the inner surface of the inner glass layer and the outer surface of the external glass layer is less than 4 mm, and further wherein the blower and the heating coating provide heat to quickly heat the glass laminate article such that a frost layer located on the outer surface of the outer glass layer is melted in less than 80 seconds, wherein the frost layer has an average thickness of 0.1 mm, a density of 150 kg/m 3 , a film coefficient of 1 W/m 2o C and an initial temperature of minus 20 degrees C.
  • Aspect (26) of this disclosure pertains to the glass laminate article of Aspect (24) or Aspect (25), wherein the interlayer comprises an insulating polymer material having a thermal resistance of greater than 0.005 K/W.
  • Aspect (27) of this disclosure pertains to a method of efficiently and quickly heating an exterior surface of a window of a vehicle comprising: heating an inner glass layer of the window, wherein the inner glass layer comprises: an inner surface defining an interior surface of the vehicle window; an outer surface opposite the inner surface; an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces of between 0.05 mm and 1 mm; and a first glass composition having a thermal conductivity greater than 0.95 W/mK; and heating an outer glass layer of the window, wherein the outer glass layer comprises: an inner surface facing the exterior surface of the inner glass layer; and an outer surface opposite the inner surface; and an average thickness between the inner and outer surfaces of greater than 1 mm; and wherein heat is transferred across both the inner glass layer and the outer glass layer to melt frost located on the outer surface of the outer glass layer.
  • Aspect (28) pertains to the method of Aspect (27), wherein the outer glass layer comprises a second glass composition different from the first glass composition, the second glass composition having a thermal conductivity less than 0.95 W/mK.
  • Aspect (29) pertains to the method of Aspect (27) or Aspect (28), wherein the thermal conductivity of the inner glass layer is at least 20% greater than the thermal conductivity of the outer glass layer.
  • Aspect (30) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (27) through (29), wherein heating of the inner and outer glass layers comprises applying heated, blown air onto the inner surface of the inner glass layer, the method further comprising melting a frost layer located on the exterior surface of the outer glass layer via the application of heated air in less than 120 seconds, wherein the frost layer has an average thickness of 0.1 mm, a density of 150 kg/m 3 , a film coefficient of 1 W/m 2o C and an initial temperature of minus 20 degrees C.
  • Aspect (31) pertains to the method of Aspect (30), wherein the heated, blown air comprises air generated from a vehicle heating system.
  • Aspect (32) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (27) through (29), wherein heating of the inner and outer glass layers comprises applying heat from a transparent heating coating material located on the inner surface of the outer glass layer.
  • Aspect (33) pertains to the method of Aspect (32), wherein the heating coating delivers power of at least 100 W/m 2 to the vehicle window.
  • Aspect (34) pertains to the method of Aspect (32) or (33), wherein the vehicle window further comprises an interlayer located between the outer surface of the inner glass layer and the heating coating, wherein the interlayer includes a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, ethylenevinylacetate, polyvinyl chloride, ionomers, and thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • Aspect (35) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (27) through (34), wherein the inner glass layer is a chemically strengthened glass material and has a thickness of less than or equal to 0.7 mm.
  • Aspect (36) pertains to the method of any one of Aspects (27) through (35), wherein the inner glass layer comprises: an alkali aluminosilicate glass composition or an alkali aluminoborosilicate glass composition; a chemically strengthened compression layer including DOC in a range from about 30 ⁇ to about 90 ⁇ ; and a compressive stress on the inner surface of between 300 MPa to 1000 MPa.
  • the inner glass layer comprises: an alkali aluminosilicate glass composition or an alkali aluminoborosilicate glass composition; a chemically strengthened compression layer including DOC in a range from about 30 ⁇ to about 90 ⁇ ; and a compressive stress on the inner surface of between 300 MPa to 1000 MPa.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un article de laminé de verre présentant des caractéristiques de montée en température améliorées/élevées, ainsi que des systèmes et des procédés associés. L'article de laminé de verre comporte une couche de verre interne mince hautement thermoconductrice qui permet de transférer efficacement la chaleur provenant d'un système de chauffage dans l'ensemble de l'article en verre. L'article de laminé de verre peut servir de fenêtre de véhicule et de partie d'un système de chauffage et d'un procédé de désembuage ou de dégivrage de fenêtre de véhicule. L'article de laminé de verre peut comprendre un revêtement chauffant adjacent à une couche de verre externe qui permet d'améliorer encore le rendement thermique. Dans certains modes de réalisation, le laminé de verre comprend une couche isolante qui limite le transfert thermique à travers une partie de l'article sans diminuer indûment la performance de désembuage/dégivrage.
PCT/US2018/054297 2017-10-09 2018-10-04 Laminé de verre renforcé isolé ayant des propriétés de montée en température rapide ainsi que système et procédé de chauffage associés Ceased WO2019074751A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US201762569791P 2017-10-09 2017-10-09
US62/569,791 2017-10-09
US201762582583P 2017-11-07 2017-11-07
US62/582,583 2017-11-07

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006042538A1 (de) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-27 Futech Gmbh Verbundglas, Verglasungselement und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US20130295358A1 (en) * 2010-12-01 2013-11-07 Pilkington Group Limited Laminated glazing
FR3031065A1 (fr) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-01 Saint Gobain Vitrage feuillete a feuille de verre mince anti-eclat
WO2017001792A1 (fr) * 2015-07-02 2017-01-05 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage chauffant a feuille de verre exterieure amincie et couche chauffante a lignes de separation de flux
CA3005510A1 (fr) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 Saint-Gobain Glass France Verre composite chauffable pourvu d'une vitre interne mince et d'une vitre externe mince
CA3009453A1 (fr) * 2016-03-17 2017-09-21 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite dotee d'un revetement electroconducteur pour un dispositif d'affichage tete haute
WO2018117692A1 (fr) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-28 주식회사 엘지화학 Procédé de fabrication de verre feuilleté incurvé et verre feuilleté incurvé
WO2018200803A1 (fr) * 2017-04-26 2018-11-01 Corning Incorporated Stratifié de verre renforcé à transfert de chaleur élevé et systèmes et procédés de chauffage associés

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006042538A1 (de) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-27 Futech Gmbh Verbundglas, Verglasungselement und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US20130295358A1 (en) * 2010-12-01 2013-11-07 Pilkington Group Limited Laminated glazing
FR3031065A1 (fr) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-01 Saint Gobain Vitrage feuillete a feuille de verre mince anti-eclat
WO2017001792A1 (fr) * 2015-07-02 2017-01-05 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage chauffant a feuille de verre exterieure amincie et couche chauffante a lignes de separation de flux
CA3005510A1 (fr) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 Saint-Gobain Glass France Verre composite chauffable pourvu d'une vitre interne mince et d'une vitre externe mince
CA3009453A1 (fr) * 2016-03-17 2017-09-21 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite dotee d'un revetement electroconducteur pour un dispositif d'affichage tete haute
WO2018117692A1 (fr) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-28 주식회사 엘지화학 Procédé de fabrication de verre feuilleté incurvé et verre feuilleté incurvé
WO2018200803A1 (fr) * 2017-04-26 2018-11-01 Corning Incorporated Stratifié de verre renforcé à transfert de chaleur élevé et systèmes et procédés de chauffage associés

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