WO2019072578A1 - METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANES - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for controlling the hydrophobic properties of polyurethane adhesives, wherein in the formation of the polyurethane adhesive, the isocyanate component is reacted with at least one polyether polyol component and optionally with a polyester polyol component, wherein the proportions of the polyether polyol Component and the polyester component can be selected according to the desired degree of hydrophobicity. The additional reactive chemical incorporation of polyolefin polyols may optionally further increase the hydrophobicity or the hydrolysis resistance of the polyurethane.

Description

 PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING THE HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES OF

POLYURETHANES

Technical area

The invention relates to a method for controlling the hydrophobic properties of polyurethanes, in particular for controlling the hydrolysis resistance of polyurethanes in adhesives. Polyurethanes are known in the art and have excellent physical properties in many respects. They are therefore used in numerous fields of application.

A major disadvantage of polyurethanes is their limited resistance to hydrolysis, e.g. in environments with high humidity in combination with elevated temperatures. In particular, polyester polyurethanes are susceptible to hydrolysis, so that such polyurethane derivatives escape a whole number of potential fields of application. One of the essential building blocks in polyurethane materials is the polyol component (first component), which reacts with its hydroxyl functional groups, the reaction with the isocyanate groups of Isoycyanat component (second component) to urethane groups. In the further course of these reactions, the final result is polyurethanes.

With regard to the polyol component, a distinction is essentially made between polyester and polyether polyols, which, owing to their different polymer structure, lead to marked differences in the properties of the polyurethane. Thus, polyester-based polyurethanes usually have very good mechanical properties, while polyether-based polyurethanes typically have a significantly better hydrolysis resistance. Polyurethane adhesives based on a polyol component (first component) and an isocyanate component (second component) - so-called two-component (2K) polyurethane adhesives - are known from the prior art.

For example, German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2007 062529 discloses a two-component polyurethane adhesive comprising essentially a polyol component comprising at least one polyesterdiol having a molecular weight of more than 1000 g / mol and at least one functional polyol, as well as hydrophobic polyols and further additives or Adjuvants, as well as a crosslinker component, which is represented by polyisocyanates.

In addition, International Patent Application WO 2014/206779 discloses a polyurethane-based adhesive comprising an isocyanate component A and a polyol component B, wherein the isocyanate component A comprises at least one diisocyanate or at least one polyisocyanate and the polyol component B the Alkylation product of a mixture of castor oil or ricinoleic acid, an aromatic di- or polyol and an OH-functional compound having aliphatically bonded OH groups and an OH functionality of 1 to 8 and optionally certain cyclic anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids optionally in addition to other ingredients, such as cyclic mono- or diesters. Further, Chinese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 102181258 discloses polyurethane-based solvent and hydrolysis-resistant adhesives. The adhesive is prepared by blending a suitable polyether polyol with a polyester polyol and subsequently reacting with an isocyanate, the polyester polyol embodying a low molecular weight side chain polyester polyol having hydroxyl groups at the terminal positions.

From the prior art, however, no document is known which the targeted control of hydrolysis resistance of the polyurethane adhesive or the influence or the elimination of the disadvantages associated with an undesirable migration of catalysts or possibly other excipients.

Polyurethane-based adhesives are used in a variety of applications, i.a. in vehicle construction - such as in the automotive industry when joining, gluing and foam-foiling interior components.

"Premium variants" of interior components - such as instrument panels, door panels or center armrests - are often produced in such a way that a suitable substructure containing a dimensionally stable support and possibly an additional suitable intermediate layer with high-quality surface materials such as real leather, artificial leather or spray skins When laminating a possibly existing intermediate layer with the surface material, adhesives, for example hotmelt or dispersion adhesives, based on polyurethanes, are typically used.

In a stress-intensive combination of higher temperature, higher humidity, UV and / or IR irradiation and long exposure time, a partial failure of the laminating adhesive is observed both in climate change tests and during the product use of laminated interior components, based on a hydrolytic degradation of the polyurethane adhesive is due.

In the climate change test, a failure of the (laminating) adhesive is accompanied by cost-intensive and time-consuming planning and implementation of new development phases in order to arrive at adhesives which ultimately satisfy all necessary requirements in a satisfactory manner. As a result, this also results in higher material and / or process costs, for example due to changeover of machine and / or tool conversions or due to the necessity of carrying out complex process procedures. In this case, the degradation of the polyurethane adhesive (or of the laminating adhesive) can be disadvantageously reinforced, for example, by certain catalysts which are frequently used for the production of the interlayer materials and, if appropriate, also of the surface material. These catalysts or their degradation products can, especially in the presence of moisture in conjunction with higher Temperatures in the multi-layer structure of the components - in particular of the mentioned interior components - tend to migrate, become mobile and thereby come into contact with the laminating adhesive layer or disadvantageously diffuse into it

A further aspect of the present invention relates to polyurethane adhesive formulations which have, for example, olefinic or nonpolar constituents which have not been introduced by way of physical admixture for increasing interfacial compatibility, adhesion resistance and / or hydrolysis resistance, but by targeted chemical incorporation into the polyurethane structure , Physical admixtures have the disadvantage that they are not incorporated into the adhesive by reactive chemical reactions (for example by the formation of covalent or stable polar bonds) and therefore become mobile in the adhesive, migrate and, if appropriate, also be able to outgas later. In the worst case, this property can lead, for example, to an undesirable phase separation or to the exudation of the polyolefins / non-polar components from the adhesive.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a polyurethane adhesive (for example a "hotmelt", a dispersion or a two-component adhesive), in particular as a laminating adhesive, in which the hydrolytic degradation of the adhesive is delayed or delayed It also suppresses or delays the migration of catalysts and / or their degradation products into the laminating adhesive layer, which is promoted or induced by moisture and increased temperature. especially in polyurethane adhesive formulations containing, for example, to increase compatibility, adhesion resistance and hydrolysis resistance olefinic or non-polar material components that eliminate migration or a phase separation of these admixtures or auxiliaries.

The solution according to the invention is provided by a method according to claim 1 or by the use according to the invention according to claim 31. Advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent from the claims 1 and 32 dependent claims. In the context of the invention, the polyurethane adhesive is not on Laminating adhesive, but can also be applied to many other adhesive applications or foaming with two-component polyurethanes, where an increased resistance to hydrolysis is sought. In this case, the solution according to the invention allows a targeted, depending on the requirement stepwise adjustment of the hydrophobicity of the adhesive, whereby a hydrolytic degradation of the adhesive can be reduced or delayed in the respective desired extent. With the solution according to the invention also the adverse effect of the separation of the olefinic or non-polar material components is eliminated, since these material components are added, for example in the form of reactive poly-olefin polyols / diols and, for example, the poly-diene polyols / diols on the in the polymer present hydroxyl groups are incorporated by a chemical reaction with the isocyanate groups in the polyurethane adhesive and thus fixed within the polyurethane adhesive and finally immobilized.

A further advantageous application of the solution according to the invention is shown below:

Premium variants of interior components, which are used for example in vehicle construction, such. Instrument panels, door panels or center armrests - are often fabricated in such a way that a suitable substructure comprising a dimensionally stable support and - as already mentioned - optionally a suitable intermediate layer with high-quality surface materials - such. with real leather, with artificial leather or with a sprayed skin - is laminated. For the construction of the intermediate layer, e.g. a suitable spacer fabric, a sprayed polyurethane layer (elastomer), a TPO film (thermoplastic olefin film), or a PVC layer are joined to a dimensionally stable support.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention consists in the combination of a suitable film or layer - preferably one of the above-mentioned films or layers - with a polyurethane spray skin. In an advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the intermediate layer comprises one or more layers or layers comprising the same or different materials. The layers or layers may each comprise individual layers / layers or contain composite materials.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the intermediate layer contains a foamed polyurethane layer, to which either directly or indirectly via further intermediate or spacing layers such. special fabrics, knitted fabrics, films, elastomers or barrier layers is laminated

The connection between carrier and polyurethane spray skin is produced, for example, by foaming the polyurethane spray skin with a polyurethane foam. By choosing a suitable polyurethane foam can be such. also adjust the impression strength of the interior components.

In order to avoid a joining region between the instrument panel upper part and the instrument panel lower part, it may be advantageous to produce the upper part and the lower part of the polyurethane spray skin in a continuous piece consisting of upper and lower part. If only the instrument panel upper part is laminated later, it is advantageous to produce the surface / decorative surface of the instrument panel base made of UV-light-stable aliphatic polyurethane and the later to be laminated instrument panel shell of inexpensive, reactive, aromatic, polyurethane manufacture. In order to direct the crosslinking and curing time of the inert aliphatic polyurethane into processable areas, significant additions of particular catalysts are necessary in preparing the aliphatic polyurethane spray skin.

Due to the spraying process, a certain "overspray" of the catalyst-containing aliphatic polyurethane decorative layer of the instrument panel lower part can not be completely avoided on the surface of the later to be laminated spray skin of the instrument panel upper part, so that within this overspray range also noteworthy Catalyst quantities can reach the surface of the predominantly consisting of aromatic polyurethane spray skin shell. As already stated, the catalysts used or their decomposition products can become mobile under the action of moisture and elevated temperature and, in particular, accelerate the hydrolytic degradation of the laminating adhesive and thus promote premature component failure, eg a finished instrument panel - especially when used Polyester polyol-based or polyester polyol-containing laminating adhesive.

In order to prevent detrimental aliphatic polyurethane overspray in such material systems during sprayed skin fabrication, costly physical barriers (e.g., masking) must be used in the spraying process of the prior art.

The targeted and stepwise implementable hydrophobization of the laminating adhesive of the present invention eliminates, for example, the use of costly physical barriers to prevent aliphatic overspraying on the surface of the aromatic spray skin shell.

Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for controlling the hydrophobicity of polyurethane adhesives in which, in the formation of the polyurethane polymer, the isocyanate group-containing component is reacted with at least one polyether polyol component having one or more hydroxyl groups and optionally with a polyester polyol component wherein the proportions of the polyether polyol component and the polyester polyol component are selected according to the desired degree of hydrophobicity and hydrolysis resistance.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for limiting the mobility and migration of catalysts or catalyst degradation products in polyurethane polymers, in which the polyurethane of an isocyanate component, at least one polyether polyol component and optionally from a polyester component according to the first embodiment is constructed.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method according to one of the embodiments described above, in which the method product resulting from the method has the ratio determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy between polyether polyol and polyester polyol in the polyurethane at an interval of 100: 0 to 1:99, preferably from 100: 0 to 50:50, more preferably from 100: 0 to 80:20, and most preferably at an interval of 100: 0 to 95: 5 lies. In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the isocyanate component used comprises an aromatic or an aliphatic isocyanate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the isocyanate component used comprises a monomeric, trimeric, oligomeric, prepolymeric or polymeric diisocyanate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the isocyanate component used contains a mixture of at least two components selected from the group consisting of monomeric, trimeric, oligomeric, prepolymeric or polymeric diisocyanate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the polyester polyol component used comprises at least one unsaturated polyester.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the unsaturated polyester used has at least one ethylenically unsaturated partial structure per molecule.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the polyether polyol used comprises a linear or a branched polether polyol. In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the polyether polyol used contains at least one polyoxyalkylene polyol. In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which, as a further component in the formation of the polyurethane, a polyolefin polyol is present, which is capable of forming a chemical bond with the isocyanate component used.

In a further more preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the polyolefin polyol used branched and / or unbranched olefin partial structures which have a diene structure having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 10 and more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms Carbon atoms contains.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the polyolefin polyol has a structure of the general formula I:

(I) in which the letters x, y and z denote the proportions of the structural units in relation to one another and can assume the following values: x = 5 to 70%, y = 15 to 70%, z = 5 to 30%.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the polyolefin polyol used has at least one vinylaromatic partial structure. In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which at least one adjuvant and / or additive of organic or inorganic nature is additionally present in the formation of the polyurethane. In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which at least one adjuvant and / or additive is mineral in nature.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the adjuvant and / or the mineral-type additive contains a silicate and / or a metal oxide, a sulfate or a carbonate of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or a metal, or a mixture thereof Auxiliaries or additives.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the mineral auxiliary or the additive contains a silicate oxide, alumina, titanium dioxide or a metallic mixed oxide or a mixture of these compounds.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the polyurethane additionally comprises at least one additive which is selected from the group comprising fillers, surface-active substances, pigments, dyes, hydrolysis inhibitors, antistatic agents, fungicidal and / or biocidal agents and / or water scavengers and / or antioxidant systems.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the formation of the polyurethane takes place in the presence of at least one catalyst.

In a further more preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the catalyst system contains at least one amine compound.

In a further more preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the catalyst system contains at least one tin, zinc and / or bismuth compound, with a tin (II) carboxylate being preferred among the tin compounds. In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the formation of the polyurethane is carried out in the presence of a further catalyst, ie in the presence of a co-catalyst. In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the formation of the polyurethane takes place in the presence of a chain extender.

In a further more preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the chain extender contains at least one diol.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process in which the chain extender comprises at least one diol component from the group of monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric ethylene or propylene glycols.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of a polyurethane in any of claims 1 to 30 for joining, gluing or joining two or more components. In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a use in which the introduction of the polyurethane between the components to be joined or adhered takes place in the form of a layer application.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a use in which the joining or gluing of the components / materials by means of a so-called two-component polyurethane by introducing at least one reactive polyol-resin component (first component) and a reactive Isocyanate component (second component) takes place between the components to be joined or bonded.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a use in which the joining or gluing of the components / materials by so-called back-foaming by means of a two-component polyurethane by introducing at least one reactive polyol-resin component (first component) and a reactive isocyanate component (second component) takes place between the components or materials to be joined or adhesively bonded.

According to the invention, the polyurethane bond can be effected by the reaction of suitable polyether-based polyols with suitable isocyanate components. The isocyanate component may include aromatic or aliphatic isocyanates or optionally also combinations of such isocyanates.

The isocyanate component of the adhesive composition contains, for example, one or more of the various suitable monomeric, trimeric, oligomeric, prepolymeric or polymeric isocyanates or diisocyanates. It is also possible to use mixtures of the isocyanate types mentioned as isocyanate component.

Suitable diisocyanates are - for example - by ethylene diisocyanate; 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate; 1, 4 and / or 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate; Cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate; Cyclohexane-1, 3- and cyclohexane-1, 4-diisocyanate and mixtures of both isomers; 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane; 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluene diisocyanate and mixtures of these isomers; Hexahydro-1,3- and / or 1,4-phenylenediisocyanate; Perhydro-2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; 1, 3 and 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate; 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and mixtures of these isomers; Diphenylmethane-2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diisocyanate; Naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate; 1, 3- and 1, 4-xylylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexylisocyanate), 4,4'-isopropyl-bis (cyclohexylisocyanate), 1,4-cyclohexyl-diisocyanate and 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5 , 5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (IPDI);

diphenylmethane; hexamethylene diisocyanate; Dicyclohexylmethane-hexylmethandiisocyanat; isophoronediisocyanates; 1-methoxy-2,4-phenylene diisocyanate; 1-chlorophenyl-2,4-diisocyanate; p- (1-isocyanatoethyl) phenyl isocyanate; m- (3-isocyanatobutyl) phenyl isocyanate and 4- (2-isocyanato-cyclohexylmethyl) phenyl isocyanate, toluenediisocyanates and mixtures thereof.

Unless already stated, it is also possible to use mixtures of the isocyanates mentioned. The diisocyanates mentioned can be used in monomeric, trimeric, oligomeric, prepolymeric or polymeric form. It is also possible to use mixtures of these diisocyanate derivatives. Examples of suitable in the context of the invention polyether polyols include linear and / or branched polyether units. According to the invention, such polyether polyols contain substantially no functional groups other than hydroxyl groups. For example, preferred polyether polyols are represented by polyoxyalkylene polyols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, and the like. In this case, homopolymers and copolymers of the polyoxyalkylene or adducts of said polymers can be used. The preferred copolymers of the polyoxyalkylene include, for example, adducts of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 2-ethylhexane-1, 3-diol, glycerol, 1, 2,6-hexanetriol, Trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, tris (hydroxyphenyl) propane, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, ethylenediamine and ethanolamine with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide.

In addition, it is also possible to use polyether-based diols or mixtures of polyether-based diols and polyols.

In comparison to polyester-based polyols, the polyether-based polyols have the advantage of increased hydrolysis resistance within the polyol partial structure (so-called "soft segments") of the polyurethane adhesive.

With a view to the targeted adaptation to the desired process or conditions of use, taking into account the required resistance to hydrolysis of the polyurethane adhesive, if appropriate, polyester-based polyols or diols can also be combined with polyether-based polyols or diols.

Examples of suitable polyester polyols include unsaturated polyester polyols having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group per molecule and having predominantly terminal hydroxyl groups.

In addition, polyolefin polyols can be used to increase the hydrophobicity and hydrolysis resistance of the polyurethane adhesive in the process according to the invention. The polymer backbone of a polyolefin polyol typically contains the polymerized one Product of an olefin monomer or, what is possible, an olefin monomer and a vinylaromatic monomer. The olefin monomer usually contains 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferably, the olefin monomer represents a diene having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably is butadiene or isoprene, but more preferably 1, 3-butadiene.

The vinyl aromatic monomer which may also be used is preferably a monovinyl aromatic monomer, e.g. Styrene or an alkyl-substituted styrene wherein the alkyl substituent (s) preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Most preferably, the vinyl aromatic monomer embodies styrene or a monoalkyl substituted styrene.

The polyolefin polyol to be used in the present invention may optionally contain up to 50% by weight of polymerized vinylaromatic monomer, e.g. 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 5 wt .-%.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the polyolefin polyol does not contain a polymerized vinyl aromatic monomer. The polyolefin polyol is preferably a polydiene polyol, more preferably a polydiene diol. Most preferred as the polyolefin polyol is a polydiene diol. Preferably, the polydiene polyol has a functionality in the range of from 1.5 to 3 hydroxyl groups per molecule, e.g. In the range of 1.8 to 2.6, more preferably in the range of 1.9 to 2.1. Polyolefin polyols which can preferably be used according to the invention satisfy the general formulas I:

(I) where the letters x, y and z denote the proportions of the structural units in relation to each other and can assume the following values: x = 5 to 70%, y = 15 to 70%, z = 5 to 30%.

Particularly preferred polyolefin polyols are selected from the group comprising polybutadiene polyols, preferably poly-1, 3-butadiene polyols, hydrogenated polybutadiene polyols and / or polyisoprene polyols.

In an advantageous embodiment, organic or inorganic (mineral) auxiliaries and / or additives may also be added to the adhesive. In principle, all mineral compounds which are inert towards the educts and the cured adhesive and which are capable of entering into competitive or coordinative interactions with the catalysts used or with the hydrolysis-sensitive functional groups of the polyurethane can be used as mineral auxiliaries or additives. Among the above-mentioned groups of suitable auxiliaries and / or additives, inorganic or mineral auxiliaries are preferred, of which silicates and / or metal oxides, sulfates or carbonates of alkaline earth metals are preferably used, among which silicate oxides, alumina, titanium dioxide or metallic mixed oxides are particularly preferred. The mineral adjuvants or additives can be used alone or as a mixture of different substances. As optional additives or additives suitable for the respective intended purposes, known per se substances, for example, optionally in addition to fillers surface-active substances, pigments, dyes, other hydrolysis, antistatic, fungicidal or biocidal agents, antioxidants, water scavengers, etc .. are used. Further details of the starting materials, blowing agents, catalysts and auxiliaries and / or additives used for carrying out the process according to the invention can be found, for example, in the Kunststoffhandbuch, Volume 7, "Polyurethane" Carl Hanser Verlag Munich, 3rd edition, 1993. The described here Solution according to the invention enables a targeted, depending on the requirement stepwise possible hydrophobization of the adhesive, whereby a hydrolytic degradation of the adhesive is reduced, delayed or prevented.

The catalyst used in the composition may be present in about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of the adhesive, preferably at an interval of from about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight of the adhesive. The catalysts which may optionally be included in the catalyst compositions are conventional catalysts well known in the art for the reaction of hydroxyl-containing organic molecules with isocyanates to form urethane groups.

Optionally, the polyurethane adhesive composition may be added to chain extenders according to the present invention. These are low molecular weight diols and polyols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, hydroxyl-terminated polyethylene oxide (polyethylene glycol), glycerol and mixtures thereof. A preferred chain extender useful in the present invention is ethylene glycol. Other common chain extenders that can be used in the invention include diamines and polyamines which, when mixed with the polyol component and reacted with the isocyanate component, do not separate from the compositions. Examples of such amine compounds are ethylenediamine, polyoxypropylenediamine, 1, 2- and 1, 4-diaminocyclohexane in trans or c / s configuration including mixtures thereof, dimethyldiaminodicyclohexylmethane and 1,2-propanediamine. Further chain extenders which can be used according to the present invention include amine-containing alcohols or low molecular weight polyols. Examples are monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tetra (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine.

The addition of suitable chain extenders may impart several additional benefits to the compositions of the present invention, e.g. the adaptation of the material properties of the polyurethane adhesive (for example with regard to flexibility and impact resistance). In addition, in two-component polyurethane systems, the reaction and curing rate can also be influenced.

Processes for the preparation of 2K polyurethanes are well known in the art [cf. z. B. Brockmann W., adhesive technology: adhesives, applications and processes, Wiley-VCH-Verlag, Weinheim 2005, p 66 ff., And zit. Lit.].

Claims

claims 1 . A process for controlling the hydrolysis resistance of polyurethane polymers, preferably of polyurethane adhesives, characterized in that in the preparation of the polyurethane polymer, preferably a polyurethane adhesive, the at least one isocyanate component having at least one polyether polyol component containing one or more Has hydroxyl groups, and optionally reacted with a polyester polyol component, wherein the proportions of the polyether polyol components and the polyester polyol components are selected according to the desired hydrolysis resistance. 2. A process for limiting the mobility and migration of polyurethane catalysts or their catalyst degradation products in polyurethane polymers, preferably in polyurethane adhesives, characterized in that the polyurethane is at least one isocyanate component, at least one polyether polyol component and optionally a polyester Component contains. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopically determined ratio between polyether polyol and polyester in the polyurethane in an interval of 100: 0 to 1: 99, preferably from 100: 0 to 50:50, particularly preferred from 100: 0 to 80:20 and most preferably in an interval of 100: 0 to 95: 5. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the isocyanate component used to embody an aromatic or an aliphatic isocyanate component. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the isocyanate component embodies a monomeric, oligomeric, prepolymeric or polymeric diisocyanate. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a polyester polyol is used as the polyester component. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the polyester polyol component has at least one unsaturated partial structure. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyether polyol component used is a linear or a branched Polyether polyol embodied. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the polyether polyol is a polyoxyalkylene polyol. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a further component in the formation of the polyurethane, a polyolefin polyol is present, which is capable of entering into a chemical bond with the isocyanate component used. 1 1. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the polyolefin polyol is composed of branched or unbranched olefin monomers having a diene structure having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. 12. The method of claim 1 1, characterized in that the polyolefin polyol of branched or unbranched olefin monomers having a diene structure having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, is constructed. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the polyolefin of branched or unbranched olefin monomers having a diene structure with 4 to 6 Carbon atoms is constructed. 14. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the polyolefin polyol has a structure of the general formula I.

(I) in which the letters x, y and z denote the proportions of the structural units in relation to one another and can assume the following values: x = 5 to 70%, y = 15 to 70%, z = 5 to 30%. 15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the polyolefin polyol used has at least one vinyl aromatic partial structure. 16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyurethane additionally comprises at least one excipient or an additive of organic or inorganic nature. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that an adjuvant / additive is mineral in nature. 18. The method according to any one of claims 16 and 17, characterized in that the excipient / additive mineral nature of a silicate and / or a metal oxide, a sulfate or a carbonate or is a mixture of these auxiliaries / additives. 19. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the mineral auxiliary / additive is a silicate oxide, an aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide and / or a metallic mixed oxide or a mixture of these compounds. 20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyurethane additionally comprises at least one additive selected from the Group comprising fillers, pigments, dyes, hydrolysis protectants, antistatic agents, fungicidal or biocidal substances, antioxidants. 21. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formation of the polyurethane takes place in the presence of at least one catalyst. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the catalyst contains a tin, zinc and / or bismuth compound. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the tin compound is a tin (II) carboxylate. 24. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formation of the polyurethane takes place in the presence of one or more further catalysts and / or co-catalysts. 25. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formation of the polyurethane takes place in the presence of one or more chain extenders. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the chain extender comprises a diol. 27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the diol contains at least one substance from the group of ethylene or propylene glycols. 28. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formation of the polyurethane takes place in the presence of one or more crosslinkers. 29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that the crosslinker comprises a low molecular weight compound having three free hydroxy groups. 30. Use of a polyurethane according to a method according to any one of claims 1 to 29 for joining or gluing two or more components. 31. Use according to claim 30, characterized in that the introduction of the polyurethane between the components to be joined or adhesively bonded and / or materials takes place in the form of a layer application. 32. Use according to claim 30, characterized in that the joining or bonding of the components / materials with the aid of a two-component polyurethane by introducing at least one reactive polyolefin component (first component) and a reactive isocyanate component (second component) between the components to be joined or adhesively bonded , 33. Use according to claim 32, characterized in that the joining or gluing of the components / materials by back-foaming by means of a two-component polyurethane by introducing at least one reactive PolyolResin component (first component) and a reactive isocyanate component (second component ) between the components or materials to be joined or adhesively bonded.