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WO2019071841A1 - Varistance en oxyde métallique thermiquement protégée - Google Patents

Varistance en oxyde métallique thermiquement protégée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019071841A1
WO2019071841A1 PCT/CN2017/118604 CN2017118604W WO2019071841A1 WO 2019071841 A1 WO2019071841 A1 WO 2019071841A1 CN 2017118604 W CN2017118604 W CN 2017118604W WO 2019071841 A1 WO2019071841 A1 WO 2019071841A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
housing
spring element
thermal
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/118604
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English (en)
Inventor
Dongjian Song
Libing LU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dongguan Littelfuse Electronics Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Dongguan Littelfuse Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dongguan Littelfuse Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Dongguan Littelfuse Electronics Co Ltd
Priority to CN201780018400.7A priority Critical patent/CN109923625B/zh
Publication of WO2019071841A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019071841A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates generally to the protection of electrical and electronic circuits and equipment from power surges and, more particularly, to a thermally-protected varistor having a thermally actuated disconnect.
  • Over-voltage protection devices are used to protect electronic circuits and components from damage due to over-voltage fault conditions.
  • These over-voltage protection devices may include metal oxide varistors (MOVs) that are connected between the circuits to be protected, and a ground line.
  • MOVs have a specific current-voltage characteristic that allows them to be used to protect such circuits against catastrophic voltage surges.
  • these devices utilize spring elements, which can melt during an abnormal condition to form an open circuit. In particular, when a voltage that is larger than the nominal or threshold voltage is applied to the device, current flows through an MOV, which generates heat. This causes the linking element to melt. Once the link melts, an open circuit is created, which prevents the MOV from catching fire.
  • thermally protected varistors are presently available, the currently available thermal disconnect varistors comprise complicated assemblies and are costly to manufacture. Another drawback of known approaches of thermally protected varistors is that they are one-time use components that must be replaced once the thermal disconnect has been triggered. As the thermal disconnect is typically enclosed in a casing, an individual maintaining the equipment may be unable to easily determine when the thermal disconnect has been triggered and needs to be replaced.
  • a TPV device herein may include a thermal electrode disposed along a varistor body.
  • a first lead may be electrically connected to a first side of the varistor body, and a second lead may be electrically connected to the thermal electrode.
  • the TPV device may further include a terminal assembly directly coupled to the second side of the varistor body, the terminal assembly including a housing including a sidewall and a base, wherein an opening is provided through the base.
  • the terminal assembly may further include a spring element partially disposed within the housing, and an inner electrode disposed between the thermal electrode and the base of the housing.
  • the inner electrode may include a terminal tab extending through the opening in the base, wherein the terminal tab maintains physical contact with the spring element via a thermal linking material when the thermal linking material is below a melting point.
  • a thermally protected varistor (TPV) device may include a varistor body having a first side, and a thermal electrode disposed along a second side opposite the first side, wherein a first lead is electrically connected to the first side and a second lead is electrically connected to the thermal electrode.
  • the TPV device may further include a terminal assembly directly coupled to the second side of the varistor body, the terminal assembly including a housing having a sidewall and a base, wherein an opening is provided in the base, and a spring element having a first end disposed within the housing and a second end coupled to the sidewall of the housing.
  • the terminal assembly may further include an inner electrode disposed between the thermal electrode and the base of the housing, the inner electrode including a terminal tab extending through the opening in the base, wherein the terminal tab includes a third terminal operable to maintain direct physical contact with the first end of the spring element via a thermal linking material disposed along the terminal tab when the thermal linking material is below a melting point.
  • a thermal metal oxide varistor (TMOV) assembly may include a varistor body having a first side, and a thermal electrode disposed along a second side opposite the first side, wherein a first lead is electrically connected to the first side and a second lead is electrically connected to the thermal electrode.
  • the TMOV assembly may further include a terminal assembly directly coupled to the second side of the varistor body, the terminal assembly including a housing including a sidewall and a base, wherein an opening is provided in the base.
  • the terminal assembly may further include a spring element having a first end disposed within the housing and a second end coupled to the sidewall of the housing, and an inner electrode disposed between the thermal electrode and the base of the housing, the inner electrode including a terminal tab extending through the opening in the base, wherein the terminal tab includes a third terminal operable to maintain direct physical contact with the first end of the spring element via a thermal linking material disposed along the terminal tab when the thermal linking material is below a melting point.
  • a thermal metal oxide varistor (TMOV) assembly may include a varistor body, having a first side, and a ceramic metallization layer disposed along a second side opposite the first side, wherein a first lead is electrically connected to the first side and a second lead is electrically connected to the ceramic metallization layer.
  • the TMOV assembly may further include a terminal assembly coupled to the second side of the varistor body, the terminal assembly including a housing including a sidewall and a base, wherein the base is directly coupled to the ceramic metallization layer, and wherein an opening is provided in the base.
  • the terminal assembly may further include a spring element having a first end disposed within the housing and a second end coupled to the sidewall of the housing, and an inner electrode disposed between the thermal electrode and the base of the housing, the inner electrode including a terminal tab extending through the opening in the base, wherein the terminal tab includes a third terminal operable to maintain direct physical contact with the first end of the spring element via a thermal linking material disposed along the terminal tab when the thermal linking material is below a melting point.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a circuit diagram including a TPV device according to embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIGs. 2-5 depict a TPV device according to embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIGs. 6-9 depict a terminal assembly of the TPV device of FIGs. 2-5 according to embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10 depicts a spring element of the TPV device of FIGs. 2-5 according to embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 depicts a TPV device according to embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 depicts a terminal assembly of the TPV device of FIG. 11 according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIGs. 13-15 depict a TPV device according to embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIGs. 16-17 depict a terminal assembly of the TPV device of FIGs. 13-15 according to embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 18 depicts a spring element of the TPV device of FIGs. 13-15 according to embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIGs. 19-21 depict a TPV device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 depicts a spring element of the TPV device of FIGs. 19-21 according to embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 23 depicts an exploded view of a terminal assembly according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 24 depicts a perspective view of the terminal assembly of FIG. 23 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 25 depicts a perspective view of a TPV device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 26 depicts an exploded view of a terminal assembly of the TPV device of FIG. 25 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • top, ” “bottom, ” “upper, ” “lower, ” “vertical, ” “horizontal, ” “lateral, ” and “longitudinal” will be used herein to describe the relative placement and orientation of various components and their constituent parts. Said terminology will include the words specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import.
  • the terms “on, ” “overlying, ” “disposed on” and “over” may be used in the following description and claims. “On, ” “overlying, ” “disposed on” and “over” may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical contact with each other. However, “on, ” , “overlying, ” “disposed on, ” and over, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other. For example, “over” may mean that one element is above another element but not contact each other and may have another element or elements in between the two elements.
  • the term “and/or” may mean “and” , it may mean “or” , it may mean “exclusive-or” , it may mean “one” , it may mean “some, but not all” , it may mean “neither” , and/or it may mean “both” , although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.
  • a thermally protected varistor (TPV) device including a varistor body having electrodes connected to multiple leads.
  • the TPV device further includes a terminal assembly coupled to the varistor body, the terminal assembly including a housing having a sidewall and a base, the base including an opening formed therethrough for connection between a thermal electrode of the varistor body and a terminal.
  • a spring element e.g., a metal contact/terminal exhibiting spring characteristics
  • the terminal assembly includes a first end disposed within the housing and a second end extending outside of the housing.
  • the terminal of the spring element engages the thermal electrode of the varistor body, and either maintains or breaks contact depending on whether a thermal linking material (e.g., solder) coupling the thermal electrode to the spring element is below or above a thermal threshold, such as a melting point during an over-voltage fault condition.
  • a thermal linking material e.g., solder
  • the TPV device may further include an inner electrode extending through the opening in the base of the housing for engagement with the spring element.
  • the TPV device of the present disclosure can address the problems of the prior art, namely high cost and low reliability, by forming a highly reliable open circuit using a ceramic fuse coupled with a spring terminal. During an overheating event caused by an abnormal overvoltage condition, the TPV device can protect the circuit from damage.
  • the simplified electrical circuit 2 generally comprises the TPV device 10, a power source 3, and equipment or protected electrical circuit 4.
  • the TPV device 10 which may be positioned in parallel between a first terminal of the power source 3 and the protected electrical circuit 4, is in a closed, or conducting, position, and the protected electrical circuit 4 is powered by the power source 3.
  • the TPV device 10 opens (as depicted) .
  • the electrical circuit 2 described herein is not intended to be limiting, but merely provides an illustrative example of a general electrical circuit for context.
  • the TPV device 10 includes a varistor body 12, which in this embodiment has a circular or disk shape defined generally by an outer perimeter 13.
  • the varistor body 12 includes a first electrode 14 disposed along a first side 16, and a thermal electrode 18 disposed along a second side 20.
  • a first lead 21 is electrically connected to the first electrode 14, while a second lead 22 is electrically connected to the thermal electrode 18.
  • the thermal electrode 18 is a metallization layer of ceramic, silver, copper, aluminum, or copper plus aluminum.
  • the TPV device 10 may further include a terminal assembly 24 (FIG. 4) coupled to the varistor body 12.
  • the terminal assembly 24 includes a housing 26 having a sidewall 28 and a base 30, wherein the sidewall 28 generally extends around the perimeter of the housing 26.
  • the sidewall 28 and the base 30 define a central cavity 32 containing a spring element 35 therein.
  • the spring element 35 includes a first end 36 disposed within the housing 26 and a second end 37 extending outside of the housing 26.
  • the second end 37 is connected to a third lead 23.
  • a first terminal at the first end 36 is connectable with the thermal electrode 18 through an opening of the base 30 to maintain the spring element 35 in physical/electrical contact with the thermal electrode 18 when a thermal linking element (e.g., solder) coupling the spring element 35 to the thermal electrode 18 is below a melting point.
  • a thermal linking element e.g., solder
  • the TPV device 10 further includes a housing cover 39 coupled to the housing 26 and/or the varistor body 12.
  • the housing cover 39 may generally follow the shape of the housing 26.
  • the housing cover 39 may take on a mushroom shape defined by a head 40, a neck 41, and a pair of cutouts 42.
  • the pair of cutouts 42 provide an area for the second lead 22 to access/contact the thermal electrode 18.
  • the housing cover 39 may include an opening or slot 43 through the neck 41 from which the second end 37 of the spring element 35 may protrude.
  • the TPV device 10 may further include a conformal epoxy or other high isolation material surrounding the varistor body 12, the terminal assembly 24, and the housing cover 39.
  • the terminal assembly 24 includes the spring element 35 secured to the thermal electrode 18 via an opening 44 formed through the base 30 of housing 26. More specifically, a first terminal 45 at the first end 36 of the spring element 35 may be connected to the thermal electrode 18 using a thermal linking material 48, such as a low-temperature solder.
  • the first terminal 45 may include one or more protrusions 50 extending therefrom, so as to allow for areas of accumulation of the thermal linking material 48 between the first end 36 of the spring element 35 and the thermal electrode 18.
  • the thermal linking material 48 is primarily disposed along the exposed surface of the thermal electrode 18, for example, as shown in FIG. 5. In other embodiments, the thermal linking material 48 is primarily disposed along the first end 36 of the spring element 35, for example, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the thermal linking material 48 When the thermal linking material 48 is below a melting point, physical/electrical contact between the first terminal 45 and the thermal electrode 18 is maintained, causing the first terminal 45 to be positioned over the opening 44. However, when the thermal electrode 18 heats up and the melting point of the thermal linking material 48 is exceeded, the thermal linking material 48 melts and starts to flow, thus creating an insulating gap between the thermal electrode 18 and first terminal 45 of the spring element 35. During an over-current event, the first end 36 of the spring element 35 is configured to move, due to the biasing spring force of the spring element 35, from the position shown in FIGs. 5-6, to the position shown in FIGs. 7-8.
  • the first end 36 of the spring element 35 is received within a guide area 49, which is recessed into the base 30 of the housing 26, when the spring element 35 disconnects from the thermal electrode 18.
  • the guide area 49 may provide clearance for the protrusion 50 as the spring element 35 swings within the cavity 32 of the housing 26.
  • the terminal assembly 24 may include one or more terminal clips 51 secured to the housing 26 and the varistor body 12.
  • the terminal clips 51 are each substantially U-shaped fasteners secured about an attachment member 52 extending from the sidewall 28 of the housing 26.
  • One leg of the terminal clip 51 may extend substantially parallel to a bottom surface 53 of the base 30 of the housing 26, for example, as best shown in FIG. 6.
  • the other leg may include a ridge or lip 55, which is a mechanical piece designed to mate or engage with a corresponding surface feature (e.g., an indentation) of the attachment member 52 to secure the terminal clip 51 in place.
  • each terminal clip 51 may be secured (e.g., by high temperature solder) to the varistor body 12, e.g., directly to the thermal electrode 18. During assembly, the terminal clips 51 may be secured to the varistor body 12 first, such that the housing 26 may then be snapped into place during assembly.
  • the terminal clips 51 are not limited to any particular material, but may include pre-tinned SUS or pre-tinned steel in exemplary embodiments.
  • the housing 26 of the terminal assembly 24 further includes a first support wall 57 and a second support wall 58 defining a channel 59 for receiving and securing the spring element 35 therein.
  • the channel 59 defines an opening or slot 60 extending through the sidewall 28 to permit the second end 37 of the spring element 35 to extend outside of the housing 26 for connection with the third lead 23.
  • the housing 26 further includes a support post 62 adjacent to and extending from the first support wall 57. As shown, the spring element 35 bends at least partially around the support post 62 to provide tension to the spring element 35.
  • the housing 26 may be a high temperature plastic or resin, such as polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) , liquid crystal polymer (LCP) , or the like.
  • the spring element 35 includes a central section 65 extending between the first end 36 and the second end 37, wherein the central section 65 may include one or more bending features to mitigate stress concentration due to fatigue and the temperature fluctuations over time.
  • the central section 65 may include a first bend 66 proximate the first end 36, and a second bend 67 between the first bend 66 and the second end 37.
  • the second bend 67 is located proximate a corner joint 68, which has a first section 69 configured to extend through the channel 59 of the housing 26, and a second section 70 configured to extend through the slot 60.
  • the first terminal 45 may extend perpendicular from the central section 65 to enable contact with thermal electrode 18.
  • the spring element 35 may be beryllium copper, tin bronze, or other flexible metallic material.
  • the corner joint 68 has a first height dimension H1 that is larger/longer than a second height dimension H2 of the adjacent central section 65 and the first end 36.
  • the height differential between H1 and H2 is designed to allow the spring element 35 to swing freely with minimal friction from the base 30 of the housing 26 during an over-current event.
  • the second end 37 of the spring element 35 further includes a second terminal 74 for electrically/physically coupling the spring element 35 with the third lead 23.
  • the second terminal 74 may include sidewalls 80, 81 defining a channel 73 for receiving the third lead 23 therein.
  • the second terminal 74 extends perpendicularly from the second section 70 of the corner joint 68, towards a center line L-L of the housing 26. In some embodiments, the second terminal 74 may extend beyond the outer perimeter 13 of the varistor body 12. For example, in the case that the varistor body 12 is based on an 18mm (diameter) ceramic “13” , the second terminal 74 may extend beyond the perimeter 13. However, it will be appreciated that the second terminal 74 may not protrude so far in other embodiments, for example, in which a 20mm ceramic “13” is being used.
  • the first end 36 may include a set of protrusions 75, 76 extending outwardly from the first terminal 45.
  • the protrusions 75, 76 extend perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, from a surface 77 of the first terminal 45.
  • the thermal linking material 48 such as a low-temperature solder, may be provided between the protrusions 75, 76. Without the protrusions 75 and 76, the thermal linking material 48 is susceptible to being squeezed away from the first end 36 when the spring element 35 is brought into contact with the thermal electrode 18. More specifically, the protrusions 75, 76 keep a specific gap between the terminal 45 and the thermal electrode 18, and making sure enough of the thermal linking material 48 is present to provide suitable soldering strength at the intersection therebetween.
  • the TPV device 110 includes many the features previously described in relation to the TPV device 10 of FIGs. 1-10 and, as such, will not be described in full detail for the sake of brevity.
  • the TPV device 110 includes a varistor body 112, which takes on a square or cuboid shape defined by a perimeter 113.
  • the varistor body 112 includes a first electrode (not shown) disposed along a first side 116, and a thermal electrode 118 disposed along a second side 120.
  • a first lead 121 is electrically connected to the first electrode, while a second lead 122 is electrically connected to the thermal electrode 118.
  • the thermal electrode 118 is a metallization layer of ceramic, silver, copper, aluminum, or copper plus aluminum.
  • the TPV device 110 may further include a terminal assembly 124 coupled to the varistor body 112.
  • the terminal assembly 124 includes a housing 126 having a sidewall 128 and a base 130, wherein the sidewall 128 generally extends around the perimeter of the housing 126.
  • the sidewall 128 and the base 130 define a central cavity 132 containing a spring element 135 therein.
  • the spring element 135 includes a first end 136 disposed within the housing 126 and a second end 137 extending outside of the housing 126, wherein the second end 137 is connected to a third lead 123.
  • a first terminal 145 at the first end 136 of the spring element 135 is connectable with the thermal electrode 118 through an opening 144 of the base 130 to maintain the spring element 135 in physical/electrical contact with the thermal electrode 118 when a thermal linking element (e.g., solder) coupling the spring element 135 to the thermal electrode 118 is below a melting point. Should the thermal linking element exceed the melting point, for example during an over-current event, the spring element 135 will detach and move away (as shown) from the exposed portion of the thermal electrode 118, thus causing the third lead 123 to disconnect from the power supply.
  • the TPV device 110 may further includes a housing cover coupled to the housing 126 and/or the varistor body 112.
  • the second end 137 of the spring element 135 further includes a second terminal 174 for electrically/physically coupling the spring element 135 with the third lead 123.
  • the second terminal 174 may include sidewalls 180, 181 defining a channel 173 for receiving an end of the third lead 123 therein.
  • the second terminal 174 may extend perpendicularly from a second section 170 of a corner joint 168 of the spring element 135, away from a center line L-L of the housing 126.
  • the second terminal 174 is separated from the thermal electrode 118 by a gap, which may be filled with epoxy coating material or other isolation materials to provide enough di-electric strength between the second terminal 174 and the thermal electrode 118.
  • the terminal assembly 124 may include one or more terminal clips 151 secured to the housing 126 and the varistor body 112.
  • the terminal clip (s) 151 is a substantially U-shaped fastener secured to the housing 126. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the terminal clip 151 may extend entirely across the housing 126, wrapping around the sidewall 128.
  • the terminal clip 151 may be provided within a recess 182 formed in a bottom surface 153 of the base 130 of the housing 126, An outer surface 154 of the terminal clip 151 may be secured (e.g., by high temperature solder) to the varistor body 112.
  • the terminal clip 151 is directly attached to the thermal electrode 118. During assembly, the terminal clip 151 may be secured to the varistor body 112 first, such that the housing 126 may then be snapped into place.
  • the terminal clip 151 may include pre-tinned SUS or pre-tinned steel.
  • the TPV device 210 includes a varistor body 212, which in this embodiment has a circular or disk shape defined by an outer perimeter 213.
  • the varistor body 212 includes a first electrode (not shown) disposed along a first side 216, and a thermal electrode 218 disposed along a second side 220.
  • a first lead 221 is electrically connected to the first electrode, while a second lead 222 is electrically connected to the thermal electrode 218.
  • the thermal electrode 218 is a metallization layer of ceramic, silver, copper, aluminum, or copper plus aluminum.
  • the TPV device 210 may further include a terminal assembly 224 coupled to the varistor body 212.
  • the terminal assembly 224 includes a housing 226 having a sidewall 228 and a base 230, wherein the sidewall 228 generally extends around the perimeter of the housing 226.
  • the sidewall 228 and the base 230 define a central cavity 232 containing a spring element 235 therein.
  • the spring element 235 includes a first end 236 disposed within the housing 226 and a second end 237 extending outside of the housing 226, wherein the second end 237 is connected to a third lead 223.
  • a first terminal at the first end 236 is connectable with the thermal electrode 218 through an opening of the base 230 to couple the spring element 235 to the thermal electrode 218 when a thermal linking element (e.g., solder) coupling the spring element 235 to the thermal electrode 218 is below a melting point.
  • a thermal linking element e.g., solder
  • the TPV device 210 further includes a housing cover 239 coupled to the housing 226 and/or the varistor body 212.
  • the housing cover 239 may generally follow the shape of the housing 226.
  • the housing cover 239 may take on a generally circular shape with a flat side 279 extending parallel or substantially parallel to the second lead 222.
  • the flat side 279 may provide an area for the second lead 222 to access/contact the thermal electrode 218.
  • the housing cover 239 may include an opening or slot 243 through a sidewall 241 from which the second end 237 of the spring element 235 may protrude.
  • the housing cover 239 and the housing 226 may be covered by a conformal epoxy or other high isolation material.
  • the terminal assembly 224 may include an inner electrode 283 disposed between the thermal electrode 218 and the housing 226. That is, the inner electrode 283 may include an outer surface 284 of a main body 289 that is planar, or substantially planar, with a bottom surface 253 of the base 230 of the housing 226. The main body 289 may be directly coupled to the thermal electrode 218, for example, using a high-temperature solder.
  • the housing 226 may include a recessed area 286 sized to accept the inner electrode 283 therein.
  • the inner electrode 283 may include a front tab 295, a third terminal 285, and a terminal tab 287, wherein the third terminal 285 and the terminal tab 287 extend perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, from the main body 289.
  • the third terminal 285 is configured to extend through the opening 244 provided through the base 230 of the housing 226.
  • the spring element 235 may be secured to the third terminal 285 of the inner electrode 283, for example using a thermal linking material (not shown) , such as a low-temperature solder. When the thermal linking material is below a melting point, physical/electrical contact between the third terminal 285 and the spring element 235 is maintained.
  • the thermal linking material melts and starts to flow, thus creating an insulating gap between the third terminal 285 and the spring element 235. That is, during an over-current event, the first end 236 of the spring element 235 begins to move, due to the biasing spring force of the spring element 235, away from the third terminal 285.
  • the housing 226 of the terminal assembly 224 may include a first support wall 257 and a second support wall 258 defining a channel 259 for receiving and securing the spring element 235 therein.
  • the channel 259 extends to an opening or slot 260 provided through the sidewall 228 to permit the second end 237 of the spring element 235 to extend outside of the housing 226 for connection with the third lead 223.
  • the housing 226 further includes a support post 262 adjacent to and extending from the first support wall 257. As shown, the spring element 235 bends at least partially around the support post 262 to provide tension to the first end 236 of the spring element 235.
  • the housing 226 may be a high temperature plastic or resin, such as polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) , liquid crystal polymer (LCP) , or the like.
  • the housing 226 may include a buttress 290 extending from an inner surface 291 of the base 230.
  • the buttress 290 may connect to the sidewall 228, and includes three (3) sides partially surrounding the opening 244 and the third terminal 285.
  • the buttress 290 serves as a physical support or barrier for the third terminal 285, while still allowing access to the third terminal 285 by the spring element 235.
  • the housing 226 may further include a capping wall 292 extending from the inner surface 291 of the base 230.
  • the terminal tab 287 extends into an internal slot (not shown) .
  • the terminal tab 287 may be provided for structural symmetry with the third terminal 285 and to provide additional support to the inner electrode 283 once coupled to the housing 226.
  • each of the third terminal 285 and the terminal tab 287 may include fasteners, clasps, or surface features 294 extending outwardly for engagement with corresponding fastening features (not shown) within the buttress 290 and the capping wall 292, respectively.
  • the front tab 295 of the inner electrode 283 may extend into an alignment indentation 296 formed in the main body 289 of the housing 226.
  • the spring element 235 may be a flat spring terminal including a central section 265 extending between the first end 236 and the second end 237.
  • the central section 265 may include one or more bends or curves provided to mitigate stress concentration stemming from fatigue and temperature fluctuations.
  • the central section 265 may include a first bend 266 proximate the first end 236, and a second bend 267 provided between the first bend 266 and the second end 237, wherein the second bend 267 may include a spring slot 297 to promote bending and reduce stress at that point along the spring element 235.
  • the second bend 267 may be located proximate a corner joint 268, which has a first section 269 configured to extend through the channel 259 of the housing 226, and a second section 270 configured to extend through the slot 260.
  • the protrusion 250 may extend perpendicularly away from the first end 236 to enable contact with the third terminal 285.
  • the first end 236 and the protrusion 250 may include a covering of thermally linking solder material.
  • the corner joint 268 has a first height dimension H1 that is larger/longer than a second height dimension H2 of the adjacent central section 265 and the first end 236.
  • the height differential between H1 and H2 is designed to allow the spring element 235 to swing freely with minimal friction between the central section 265 and the base 230 of the housing 226 during an over-current event.
  • the second end 237 of the spring element 235 may include a second terminal 274 for electrically/physically coupling the spring element 235 with the third lead (not shown) .
  • the second terminal 274 may include sidewalls 280, 281 defining a channel 273 for receiving the third lead therein.
  • the second terminal 274 generally extends perpendicularly from the second section 270 of the corner joint 268, for example, towards a center line of the housing 226.
  • the second terminal 274 may extend beyond the outer perimeter 213 of the varistor body 212, for example, as shown in FIG. 15.
  • the TPV device 310 includes a varistor body 312, which in this embodiment has a square or cuboid shape defined by an outer perimeter 313.
  • the varistor body 312 includes a first electrode (not shown) disposed along a first side 316, and a thermal electrode 318 disposed along a second side 320.
  • a first lead 321 is electrically connected to the first electrode, while a second lead 322 is electrically connected to the thermal electrode 318.
  • the thermal electrode 318 is a metallization layer of ceramic, silver, copper, aluminum, or copper plus aluminum.
  • the TPV device 310 may further include a terminal assembly 324 coupled to the varistor body 312.
  • the terminal assembly 324 includes a housing 326 having a sidewall 328 and a base 330, wherein the sidewall 328 generally extends around the perimeter of the housing 326.
  • the sidewall 328 and the base 330 define a central cavity 332 containing a spring element 335 therein.
  • the terminal assembly 324 may include an inner electrode 383 disposed between the thermal electrode 318 and the housing 326. That is, the inner electrode 383 may include an outer surface of a main body 389 that is coupled to the thermal electrode 318 and extends planar, or substantially planar, along a bottom surface of the base 330 of the housing 326.
  • the inner electrode 383 may include a front tab 395, and a third terminal 385 and a terminal tab 387 extending perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, from the main body 389.
  • the housing 326 may include a recessed area in the base 330 sized to accept the inner electrode 383 therein.
  • the TPV device 310 further includes a housing cover 339 coupled to the housing 326 and/or the varistor body 312. As shown, the sidewall 328 of the housing 326 may engage the housing cover 339 using a set of fasteners 398.
  • the set of fasteners 398 include one or more tabs or protrusions that snap-fit into a corresponding openings.
  • the housing cover 339 may further include one or more relief slots 399 to provide flexibility to the housing cover 339 as the housing cover 339 is attached to the housing 326.
  • the housing cover 339 may generally follow the shape of the housing 326, although embodiments herein are not limited to any particular shape.
  • the housing cover 339 may take on a generally square or rectangular shape.
  • the housing cover 339 may include one or more flat sides 379 extending parallel or substantially parallel with an end portion of the second lead 322.
  • the flat side 379 may provide an area for the second lead 322 to access/contact the thermal electrode 318.
  • the housing cover 339 may include an opening or slot 343 through the flat side 379 from which the spring element 335 may protrude.
  • the housing cover 339 and the housing 326 may be covered by a conformal epoxy or other high isolation material.
  • the spring element 335 includes a first end 336 disposed within the housing 326 and a second end 337 extending outside of the housing 326, wherein the second end 337 is connected to a third lead 323 (FIGs. 19-20) .
  • the third terminal 385 may extend through the opening 344 provided through the base 330 of the housing 326.
  • the spring element 335 is configured to be secured to the third terminal 385 of the inner electrode 383, for example, using a thermal linking material (not shown) , such as a low-temperature solder.
  • the thermal linking material When the thermal linking material is below a melting point, physical/electrical contact between the third terminal 385 and the spring element 335 is maintained. However, when the third terminal 385 heats up and the melting point of the thermal linking material is exceeded, the thermal linking material melts and starts to flow, thus creating an insulating gap between the third terminal 385 and the spring element 335. That is, during an over-current event, the first end 336 of the spring element 335 begins to move, due to the biasing spring force of the spring element 335, away from the third terminal 385.
  • the housing 326 of the terminal assembly 324 may include a first support wall 357 and a second support wall 358 defining a channel 359 for receiving and securing the spring element 335 within the housing 326.
  • the channel 359 extends to an opening or slot 360 provided through the sidewall 328 to permit the second end 337 of the spring element 335 to extend outside of the housing 326 for connection with the third lead 323.
  • the housing 326 further includes a support post 362 adjacent to and extending from the first support wall 357. As shown, the spring element 335 bends at least partially around the support post 362 to provide tension to the first end 336 of the spring element 335.
  • the housing 326 may include a buttress 390 extending from an inner surface 391 of the base 330.
  • the buttress 390 may connect to the sidewall 328, and includes three (3) sides partially surrounding the opening 344 and the third terminal 385.
  • the buttress 390 serves as a physical support or barrier for the third terminal 385, while still allowing access to the third terminal 385 by the first end 336 of the spring element 335.
  • the housing 326 may further include a capping wall 392 extending from the inner surface 391 of the base 330.
  • the terminal tab 387 extends into an internal slot (not shown) of the capping wall 392.
  • the terminal tab 387 is provided for structural symmetry with the third terminal 385 and to provide additional support to the inner electrode 383 once coupled to the housing 326.
  • each of the third terminal 385 and the terminal tab 387 may include fasteners, clasps, or surface features (not shown) extending outwardly for engagement with corresponding fastening features within the buttress 390 and the capping wall 392, respectively.
  • the front tab 395 of the inner electrode 383 may extend into an alignment indentation 396 formed in the main body 389 of the housing 326.
  • the spring element 335 may be a flat spring terminal including a central section 365 extending between the first end 336 and the second end 337.
  • the central section 365 may include one or more bends or curves provided to mitigate stress concentration stemming from fatigue and temperature fluctuations.
  • the central section 365 may include a first bend 366 proximate the first end 336, and a second bend 367 provided between the first bend 366 and the second end 337, wherein the second bend 367 may include a spring slot 397 to promote bending and reduce stress at that point along the spring element 335.
  • the second bend 367 may be located proximate a channel section 368, which is generally straight, and which is configured to extend through the channel 359 of the housing 326.
  • the channel section 368 may include a side tab 369 configured to engage a sidewall slot 361 (FIG. 21) for securing the spring element 335 within the housing 326.
  • the side tab 369 may extend perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly, from the channel section 368.
  • the first end 336 may include the protrusion 350 extending away from the spring element 335 to enable contact with the third terminal 385.
  • the first end 336 and the protrusion 350 may include a covering or layer of solder material.
  • the channel section 368 has a first height dimension H1 that is larger/longer than a second height dimension H2 of the adjacent central section 365 and of the first end 336.
  • the height differential between H1 and H2 is designed to allow the spring element 335 to swing freely with minimal friction between the central section 365 and the base 330 of the housing 326 during an over-current event.
  • the second end 337 of the spring element 335 may include a second terminal 374 for electrically/physically coupling the spring element 335 with the third lead (not shown) .
  • the second terminal 374 may include sidewalls 380 and 381 defining a channel 373 for receiving the third lead therein.
  • the second terminal 374 generally extends parallel from the channel section 368.
  • the second terminal 374 is supported above or away from the thermal electrode 318.
  • the second terminal 374 may be separated from the thermal electrode 318 by a gap, which may be filled with epoxy coating material or other isolation materials to provide enough dielectric strength between the second terminal 374 and the thermal electrode 318.
  • the terminal assembly 424 includes many the features previously described in relation to the terminal assemblies herein and, as such, may not be described in full detail for the sake of brevity. Furthermore, although not shown for the sake of brevity, the terminal assembly 424 is operable with a TPV device including a ceramic metallization layer disposed along one or more surfaces of a varistor body, similar to the embodiments described herein.
  • the spring element 435 includes a first end 436 disposed within the housing 426 and a second end 437 extending outside of the housing 426, wherein the second end 437 may be is connected to a third lead (not shown) .
  • the third terminal 485 may extend through the opening 444 provided through the base 430 of the housing 426.
  • the spring element 435 is configured to be secured to the third terminal 485 of a first inner electrode 483A, for example, using a thermal linking material 448, such as a low-temperature solder, which may be disposed along the third terminal 485 and/or the spring element 435. When the thermal linking material 448 is below a melting point, physical/electrical contact between the third terminal 485 and the spring element 435 is maintained.
  • the thermal linking material 448 melts and starts to flow, thus loosening a physical connection between the thermal linking material 448, the third terminal 485, and the spring element 435, thus creating an insulating gap between the third terminal 485 and the spring element 435 when separation occurs. More specifically, during an over-current event, the spring force of the spring element 435 overcomes the connection made by the thermal linking material 448, causing the first end 436 of the spring element 435 to move away from the third terminal 485 as the spring element 435 relaxes. As shown, the spring element 435 is capable of moving along an inner surface 491 of the base 430 of the housing 426.
  • the housing 426 of the terminal assembly 424 may include a first support wall 457 and a second support wall 458 defining a channel 459 for receiving and securing the spring element 435 within the housing 426.
  • the channel 459 extends to an opening or slot 460 provided through the sidewall 428 to permit the second end 437 of the spring element 435 to extend outside of the housing 426 for connection with the third lead.
  • the housing 426 may further include a support post 462 adjacent to and extending from the first support wall 457. As shown, the spring element 435 bends at least partially around the support post 462 to provide tension to the first end 436 of the spring element 435.
  • the housing 426 may include a buttress 490 extending from the inner surface 491 of the base 430.
  • the buttress 490 may connect to the sidewall 428, and includes three (3) sides partially surrounding the opening 444 and the third terminal 485.
  • the buttress 490 serves as a physical support or barrier for the third terminal 485, while still allowing access to the third terminal 485 by the first end 436 of the spring element 435.
  • the housing 426 may further include a capping wall 492 extending from the inner surface 491 of the base 430.
  • the terminal tab 487 extends into an internal slot (not shown) extending upwardly from an underside of the capping wall 492.
  • the terminal tab 487 may represent a fourth terminal.
  • the first and second inner electrodes 483A-B may each include fasteners, clasps, or surface features (not shown) extending outwardly for engagement with corresponding fastening features within the buttress 490 and the capping wall 492, respectively.
  • the first and second inner electrodes 483A-B may be separate conductive elements located on opposite sides of the housing 426.
  • the TPV device 510 includes a varistor body 512, which in this embodiment has a circular or disk shape defined by an outer perimeter 513.
  • the varistor body 512 includes a first electrode (not shown) disposed along a first side 516, and a thermal electrode 518 disposed along a second side 520.
  • a first lead 521 is electrically connected to the first electrode, while a second lead 522 is electrically connected to the thermal electrode 518.
  • the thermal electrode 518 is a metallization layer of ceramic, silver, copper, aluminum, or copper plus aluminum.
  • the TPV device 510 may further include a terminal assembly 524 coupled to the varistor body 512.
  • the terminal assembly 524 includes a housing 526 having a sidewall 528 and a base 530, wherein the sidewall 528 generally extends around the perimeter of the housing 526.
  • the sidewall 528 and the base 530 define a central cavity 532 containing a spring element 535 therein.
  • the spring element 535 includes a first end 536 disposed within the housing 526 and a second end 537 extending outside of the housing 526, wherein the second end 537 may be connected to a third lead 523.
  • a third terminal 585 may extend through an opening 544 provided through the base 530 of the housing 526.
  • the spring element 535 is configured to be secured to the third terminal 585 of a first inner electrode 583A, for example, using a thermal linking material (not shown) , such as a low-temperature solder, which may be disposed along the third terminal 585 and/or the spring element 535.
  • a thermal linking material such as a low-temperature solder
  • the thermal linking material is below a melting point, physical/electrical contact between the third terminal 585 and the spring element 535 is maintained.
  • the thermal linking material melts and starts to flow, thus loosening a physical connection between the thermal linking material, the third terminal 585, and the spring element 535, An insulating gap may thus be formed between the third terminal 585 and the spring element 535 when separation occurs.
  • the spring force of the spring element 535 overcomes the connection made by the thermal linking material, causing the first end 536 of the spring element 535 to move away from the third terminal 585 as the spring element 535 relaxes.
  • the spring element 535 is capable of moving along an inner surface 491 of the base 530 of the housing 526.
  • the housing 526 of the terminal assembly 524 may include a first support wall 557 and a second support wall 558 defining a channel 559 for receiving and securing the spring element 535 within the housing 526.
  • the channel 559 extends to an opening or slot 560 provided through the sidewall 528 to permit the second end 537 of the spring element 535 to extend outside of the housing 526 for connection with the third lead 523.
  • the housing 526 may further include a support post 562 adjacent to and extending from the first support wall 557. As shown, the spring element 535 bends at least partially around the support post 562 to provide tension to the first end 536 of the spring element 535.
  • the housing 526 may include a buttress 590 extending from the inner surface 591 of the base 530.
  • the buttress 590 may connect to the sidewall 528, and includes three (3) sides partially surrounding the opening 544 and the third terminal 585.
  • the buttress 590 serves as a physical support or barrier for the third terminal 585, while still allowing access to the third terminal 585 by the first end 536 of the spring element 535.
  • the housing 526 may further include a capping wall 592 extending from the inner surface 591 of the base 530.
  • a terminal tab 587 extends into an internal slot (not shown) extending upwardly from an underside of the capping wall 592.
  • the terminal tab 587 may represent a fourth terminal.
  • the first and second inner electrodes 583A-B may each include fasteners, clasps, or surface features (not shown) extending outwardly for engagement with corresponding fastening features within the buttress 590 and the capping wall 592, respectively.
  • the first and second inner electrodes 583A-B may be separate conductive elements located on opposite sides of the housing 526.
  • the TPV device of the present disclosure provides a flat spring terminal that may quickly disconnect from a ceramic thermal electrode in response to an over-current event to provide an open circuit to the power supply.
  • the TPV device is comparatively simple to assemble and permits automatic production, thus reducing manufacturing costs.
  • the TPV device has high reliability under an abnormal overvoltage condition due to the configuration of the spring element.
  • the TPV device provides a quick response to overheating due to the spring element being directly soldered onto the thermal metallization layer of ceramic.
  • the TPV device provides drop-in replacement for existing TMOVs due to the same pin configuration and outline, and due to the use of thermal clips.
  • the TPV device provides a robust disconnection due to the long open circuit distance once the spring element swings open within the housing.
  • one assembly module can cover all voltage ratings of one disk size.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif TPV qui peut comprendre une électrode thermique disposée le long d'un corps de varistance. Un premier conducteur peut être connecté électriquement à un premier côté du corps de varistance, et un second conducteur peut être connecté électriquement à l'électrode thermique. Le dispositif TPV peut en outre comprendre un ensemble borne directement couplé au second côté du corps de varistance, l'ensemble borne comprenant un boîtier comprenant une paroi latérale et une base, une ouverture étant pratiquée à travers la base. L'ensemble borne peut en outre comprendre un élément ressort disposé partiellement à l'intérieur du boîtier, et une électrode interne disposée entre l'électrode thermique et la base du boîtier. L'électrode interne peut comprendre une languette de borne s'étendant à travers l'ouverture dans la base, la languette de borne conservant un contact physique avec l'élément ressort par l'intermédiaire d'un matériau de liaison thermique lorsque le matériau de liaison thermique est en dessous d'un point de fusion.
PCT/CN2017/118604 2017-10-13 2017-12-26 Varistance en oxyde métallique thermiquement protégée Ceased WO2019071841A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201780018400.7A CN109923625B (zh) 2017-10-13 2017-12-26 热保护金属氧化物压敏电阻器

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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PCT/CN2017/106133 WO2019071588A1 (fr) 2017-10-13 2017-10-13 Varistance à oxyde métallique thermiquement protégée
CNPCT/CN2017/106133 2017-10-13

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WO2019071841A1 true WO2019071841A1 (fr) 2019-04-18

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US11605482B2 (en) * 2018-04-04 2023-03-14 Tdk Electronics Ag Thermal protected varistor device

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CN116344135A (zh) * 2021-12-23 2023-06-27 东莞令特电子有限公司 具有微型热电偶的实时温度自感电气装置
CN117894535A (zh) * 2022-10-14 2024-04-16 东莞令特电子有限公司 热保护金属氧化物压敏电阻

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US20130038976A1 (en) * 2011-03-07 2013-02-14 James P. Hagerty Thermally-protected varistor
EP2511915A1 (fr) * 2011-04-13 2012-10-17 Epcos Ag Dispositif électrique
DE102016102968A1 (de) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-24 Epcos Ag Varistor-Komponente und Verfahren zum Sichern einer Varistor-Komponente

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109923625A (zh) 2019-06-21
CN109923625B (zh) 2021-01-15
WO2019071588A1 (fr) 2019-04-18
CN110024054B (zh) 2021-06-29
CN110024054A (zh) 2019-07-16

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