WO2019070021A1 - iPS細胞由来の遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団の製造方法 - Google Patents
iPS細胞由来の遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods of producing regenerative T cell populations with genetic diversity and to such regenerative T cell populations.
- T cells play a central role in the immune system against foreign pathogens such as bacteria or viruses or abnormal cells such as cancer cells, and T cell function is reduced due to various causes, making subjects susceptible to infection And is considered to suffer from cancer and the like. If it is possible to supplement or regenerate immune cells and the like for such diseases, it will be an extremely effective means for improving the condition of the diseases and improving the therapeutic effect.
- T cells derived from pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells
- T cells specific for the target antigen as a source of iPS cells
- Non-patent Document 1 The content of this document is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- established iPS cells are cloned in single cell-derived cell population (colony) units.
- the cell properties are stable, the differentiation efficiency to the target cell / tissue is good, and it becomes possible to use the iPS cell line confirmed to be free from mutations or abnormalities by gene analysis or the like.
- cloning is conventionally considered to be an important step because it is necessary to examine clones one by one in order to confirm the quality of clones and their suitability to patients.
- the method of using a T cell population having genetic diversity allows multiple immune responses to target tissues and antigens.
- this method is highly susceptible to immune escape (escape) due to decreased expression of an antigen or mutation, so that high therapeutic effects can be obtained.
- TCR T cell receptor
- CAR artificial antigen receptor
- the conventional method using iPS cell lines involves cloning, which is equivalent to excluding the selected clones, so that the genetic diversity existing at the stage of establishment of iPS cells is completely eliminated. It will be lost.
- an immune reaction directed to a single antigen epitope there is a problem that it is susceptible to immune escape (escape) due to a reduction in expression of an antigen molecule or mutation, and it is difficult to obtain a high therapeutic effect.
- T cell replacement therapy T cell populations with genetic diversity can be used, but amplification of T cell populations in vitro causes fatigue of T cells and an immune response to an antigen There is a problem of falling. Therefore, development of a new method of producing a regenerative T cell population having genetic diversity for the purpose of application to T cell replacement therapy is desired.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a regenerative T cell population having genetic diversity via iPS cells and such a regenerative T cell population.
- the task of another aspect of the present invention is to use the regenerated T cell population obtained by the above method for T cell replacement therapy.
- the task of still another aspect of the present invention is to use tumor infiltrating T cells as the T cell population of the raw material of the method.
- the inventors examined the problem in the conventional method, and it is said that if a regenerative T cell population having genetic diversity is produced through iPS cells, only an immune response directed to a single antigen epitope can be used. We have found that the problem and the problem of exhaustion of the T cell population are solved.
- the gist of the present invention is [1] (1) a step of enriching a T cell population having tropism with respect to a target tissue or antigen from the collected T cell population having genetic diversity, (2) the enriched T cell population as iPS Culturing iPS cells while reprogramming into cells and maintaining genetic diversity, and (3) producing a regenerated T cell population having genetic diversity from the cultured iPS cells, A method of producing a regenerative T cell population having genetic diversity via iPS cells, [2] The method according to [1], wherein the T cell population collected in step (1) is derived from a mammal to be treated; [3] The method according to [1] or [2], wherein the T cell population collected in step (1) is a tumor infiltrating T cell, [4] The method according to [1] or [2], wherein the T cell population collected in step (1) is derived from blood, lymph nodes or cavity water.
- step (1) comprises the steps of activating upon stimulation with an antigenic protein or peptide and separating proliferated T cells.
- step (2) comprises the steps of collecting and passaging the iPS cells without cloning.
- the T cell population obtained in step (3) is an ⁇ T cell population, a ⁇ T cell population, a helper T cell population, a regulatory T cell population, a cytotoxic T cell population, an NKT cell population, or a tumor infiltrating T
- the method according to any one of [1] to [6], which is a cell population, [8] The method according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the T cell population obtained in step (3) is used for T cell replacement therapy, [9] [1] to [8] Regenerated T cell population obtained by any one of the methods according to any of the above [10], maintaining genetic diversity of T cell population present in vivo, through iPS cells Regenerated T cell population obtained, [11] [9] or a pharmaceutical composition containing the regenerated T cell population according to [10], [12] The pharmaceutical composition according to [11] for treating a cancer treatment target by autologous or allogeneic transplantation. [13] A method of treating cancer using the pharmaceutical composition according to [11] or [12].
- the present invention makes it possible to produce a regenerative T cell population having genetic diversity via iPS cells. Moreover, in another aspect of the present invention, by enriching and using T cells having tropism with respect to a target tissue or antigen from T cell populations having genetic diversity existing in vivo, It is possible that the regenerative T cell population produced has a high therapeutic effect in T cell replacement therapy.
- Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes TILs
- TILs Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the proportion of T cells having the V ⁇ chain of each TCR among T cell populations isolated from excised tumors of lung cancer patients.
- V ⁇ 1 to V ⁇ 23 in FIG. 1 indicate that the separated T cell population is a T cell population having TCR genetic diversity.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the proportion of T cells having the V ⁇ chain of each TCR in the regenerated T cell population produced via iPS cells.
- V ⁇ 1 to V ⁇ 23 in FIG. 2 indicate that the regenerated T cell population is also a T cell population having genetic diversity.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a regenerative T cell population having genetic diversity via iPS cells.
- the method comprises the steps of: (1) enriching a T cell population having tropism for a target tissue or antigen from the collected T cell population having genetic diversity, (2) the enriched T cell population The steps of reprogramming to iPS cells and culturing while maintaining genetic diversity, and (3) producing regenerated T cell populations having genetic diversity from the cultured iPS cells.
- “to produce a regenerative T cell population having genetic diversity via iPS cells” refers to reprogramming from a T cell population having genetic diversity to iPS cells. , Regenerating T cell populations with genetic diversity.
- T cells produced through the above process are referred to as "regenerated T cells”.
- Step (1) of the present invention is a step of enriching a T cell population having tropism for a target tissue or antigen from the collected T cell population having genetic diversity.
- the "T cell population having genetic diversity” is a lymphocyte that is positive for CD3 and CD45 present in vivo, and an antigen is Gene sequences of T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize are diverse cell populations as a population.
- TCRs T cell receptors
- T cells existing in the living body when T precursor cells develop and differentiate in the thymus, random recombination of TCR genes occurs, so that individual T cells have different TCR gene sequences and can be used against any antigen. It is possible to cause an immune response.
- TCRs possessed by individual T cells are determined for their respective antigen or peptide sequences that specifically recognize them, by capturing T cells as a group, it is possible that the T cell population is targeted for various antigens. Understandable. Therefore, a T cell population collected from a living being is, in this sense, a T cell population having genetic diversity.
- T cells are preferably derived from mammals, more preferably from humans, and still more preferably from mammals to be treated (preferably, humans).
- T cells include, but not limited to, ⁇ T cells, ⁇ T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, NKT cells and the like.
- peripheral blood is preferred because it is less invasive, but other preferred sources include cancer or tumor or other organs or tissues, cavity water (such as pleural fluid or ascites fluid), body fluid It includes all sources in the body such as blood (such as blood), lymph nodes or cord blood.
- preferred T cells are tumor infiltrating T cells.
- T cell populations with genetic diversity can be used that act against any antigen or tissue.
- the collected T cell population should have tropism for the cancer, tumor, cancer antigen, tumor specific mutation antigen, virus or the like to be treated preferable.
- cancer or tumor to be treated preferably, any cancer that may occur in the body such as solid tumor (such as lung cancer or gastric cancer), leukemia (such as acute or chronic myeloid leukemia or lymphoid leukemia) or lymphoma Tumors are included.
- cancer antigens tumor-specific mutant antigens, or viruses, preferably, WT1, MUC1, EGFRvIII, HER-2 / neu, MAGE A3, p53, which are expressed specifically or nonspecifically in each tumor Cancer antigen such as nonmutant, NY-ESO-1, PSMA, GD2, CEA, MelanA / MART1 or Survivin, p53 with gene mutation, Ras, ERG, bcr-abl, or a novel antigen (Neoantigen) or various virus origin And LMP2, HPV E6 or E7, EB-NA, or HTLV-1 Tax.
- WT1, MUC1, EGFRvIII, HER-2 / neu, MAGE A3, p53 which are expressed specifically or nonspecifically in each tumor Cancer antigen such as nonmutant, NY-ESO-1, PSMA, GD2, CEA, MelanA / MART1 or Survivin, p53 with gene mutation, Ras, ERG, bcr-abl, or a novel antigen
- T cell population with tropism for the target tissue or antigen
- T cells in the living body so that they can respond to any antigen, but most of them are It is T cells unrelated to the target antigen in T cell replacement therapy. Therefore, as a raw material for T cells produced through reprogramming to iPS cells, the T cell population reactive to cancer, tumor or virus targeted for T cell replacement therapy is concentrated in advance, At the same time as the therapeutic effect is dramatically enhanced, it is possible to suppress the immune response to an unexpected antigen to enhance the safety.
- the “target tissue or antigen” is preferably a cancer to be treated, a tumor, a cancer antigen, a tumor specific mutant antigen, or a tissue containing a virus, or an antigen contained therein, as described above. It is.
- "having tropism” means that individual T cells show immune responses to a target tissue or antigen as a population while specifically recognizing different antigens or peptide sequences. is there.
- T cell populations activated by stimulation with an antigen protein or peptide, and proliferated T cells can be used.
- a mononuclear cell fraction containing antigen-presenting cells is cultured, and an antigen protein or peptide is added to a culture solution. Stimulation with repetitive antigenic proteins or peptides causes reactive T cells to proliferate and increase their proportion in the T cell population.
- T cells which do not respond to the added antigenic protein or peptide are not activated, and the ratio gradually decreases during in vitro culture, and eventually they die.
- T cell populations having diversity in the antigen or peptide sequences to be recognized while having specific reactivity with the added antigenic protein or peptide can be obtained.
- the antigenic protein or peptide those described as the target tissue or antigen as described above are preferable, and for example, those obtained by fragmenting the above-mentioned as cancer antigen, tumor-specific mutant antigen or virus into peptides, etc. are used can do.
- T cells stimulated by antigenic peptides are known to express or release various activation molecules or cytokines.
- this property is utilized to bind specific antibodies to those molecules, and then magnetic separation using magnetic beads or selective separation using a flow cytometer using a fluorescent label It is also possible to In addition, in one aspect of the present invention, a system that captures cytokine-releasing cells with bipolar antibodies (cell side and cytokine side) can be used.
- a method of enriching a T cell population directed to a target tissue or antigen for example, a method using an oligomer of an antigen peptide-HLA complex such as tetramer or dextranomer is used. It can be mentioned.
- a fluorochrome is labeled on an oligomer consisting of a complex of a specific HLA type and a target antigen peptide that can be presented by the HLA, and the cells to which the oligomer is bound are sorted using a flow cytometer. It is possible to obtain T cells having tropism for tissues or antigens of
- Step (2) of the present invention is a step of reprogramming the above-enriched T cell population to iPS cells and culturing while maintaining genetic diversity.
- iPS cells are preferably produced by introducing a reprogramming factor into the T cell population enriched in step (1).
- the reprogramming factor for example, Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Sox1, Sox3, Sox15, Sox17, Sox17, Klf4, Klf2, c-Myc, N-Myc, L-Myc, Nanog, Lin28, Fbx15, ERas, ECAT15 -2, Tcl1, beta-catenin, Lin28b, Sall1, Sall4, Esrrb, Nr5a2, Tbx3 or Glis1 and other genes or gene products may be mentioned, and these reprogramming factors may be used alone or in combination Also good.
- Step of Cultivating Established iPS Cells While Maintaining Genetic Diversity When culturing iPS cells, preferably, passage is performed. However, in a general passaging method, cells other than those used for passaging are discarded, so the diversity of iPS cell populations established from T cell populations having genetic diversity is gradually lost. It will be described in detail below.
- the culture vessel is washed to preferably remove cells other than iPS cells and collect iPS cells without cloning. And pass to another incubator and repeat such passaging.
- the culture solution used in this step is not particularly limited, but a medium used for culturing animal cells is used as a basal medium, and cytokines for maintaining the undifferentiated ability of iPS cells It can be prepared by adding As the basal medium, for example, Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) medium, Medium 199 medium, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) medium, ⁇ MEM medium, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) medium, Ham's F12 medium, RPMI 1640 medium, Fischer's medium Neurobasal Medium (Life Technologies), StemFit AK03N (Ajinomoto), and a mixed medium thereof, and the like.
- the medium may contain serum or may be serum free.
- the cytokine preferably includes bFGF, and its concentration in the culture solution is, for example, 1 to 100 ⁇ g / mL (preferably 50 ⁇ g / mL).
- the culture method of iPS cells may be adhesion culture or suspension culture, but adhesion culture is preferable.
- a method of separating iPS cells for example, a method of mechanically separating, a separation solution having protease activity, a separation solution having collagenase activity, or a separation solution having protease activity and collagenase activity (eg AccutaseTM and Accumax) Separation methods using (trademark) etc.).
- iPS cells preferably have a cell density of 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 , 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / cm 2 , 1 ⁇ 10 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells / cm 2 And be passaged to another incubator.
- the number of passages may be any number as long as the amount of iPS cells necessary for T cell replacement therapy can be obtained, and is preferably 1 to 5 times or 5 to 10 times.
- the obtained iPS cells having genetic diversity may be used as they are or may be cryopreserved until required.
- Step (3) of the present invention is a step of producing a regenerative T cell population having genetic diversity from the cultured iPS cells.
- a regenerative T cell population having genetic diversity is obtained from iPS cells cultured in step (2) by differentiating into CD4CD8-positive T cells via hematopoietic progenitor cells, Alternatively, they can be obtained from iPS cells cultured in step (2) by differentiating these cells into CD8 positive T cells.
- Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells for Deriving Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells from iPS Cells are hematocytes such as lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, or megakaryocytes Cells that can differentiate into
- the hematopoietic progenitor cells and the hematopoietic stem cells are not distinguished and represent identical cells unless otherwise stated.
- Hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells can be recognized, for example, by being positive for the surface antigens CD34 and / or CD43.
- hematopoietic progenitor cells are preferably produced by culturing iPS cells in a culture solution to which vitamin Cs have been added.
- vitamin C means L-ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof
- L-ascorbic acid derivative means one which becomes vitamin C by an enzyme reaction in vivo.
- Derivatives of L-ascorbic acid include, for example, vitamin C phosphate, ascorbic acid glucoside, ascorbyl ethyl, vitamin C ester, ascorbyl tetrahexyldecanoate, ascorbyl stearate and ascorbic acid-2-phosphate-6palmitic acid.
- the derivative of L-ascorbic acid is preferably vitamin C phosphate, and examples thereof include phosphoric acid-L ascorbate such as phosphoric acid-L ascorbic acid Na or phosphoric acid-L-ascorbic acid Mg.
- Vitamin Cs are contained, for example, in the culture solution at a concentration of 5 ⁇ g / ml to 500 ⁇ g / ml.
- the culture solution used for producing hematopoietic progenitor cells is not particularly limited, but it is prepared by using a medium used for culturing animal cells as a basal medium and adding vitamin C etc. thereto. it can.
- a basal medium for example, Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) medium, Medium 199 medium, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) medium, ⁇ MEM medium, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) medium, Ham's F12 medium, RPMI 1640 medium, Fischer's' A culture medium, Neurobasal Medium (Life Technologies), StemPro 34 (Life Technologies), a mixed medium of these, and the like can be mentioned.
- IMDM Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium
- EMEM Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium
- Ham's F12 medium Ham's F12 medium
- RPMI 1640 medium Fischer'
- the medium may contain serum or may be serum free.
- the basal medium is, for example, albumin, insulin, transferrin, selenium, fatty acid, trace element, 2-mercaptoethanol, thiolglycerol, lipid, amino acid, L-glutamine, non-essential amino acid, vitamin, growth factor, low It may also contain one or more substances such as molecular compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts and cytokines.
- a culture solution used for producing hematopoietic progenitor cells includes BMP4 (Bone morphogenetic protein 4), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), SCF (Stem cell factor), TPO
- BMP4 Bone morphogenetic protein 4
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor
- SCF Stem cell factor
- TPO TPO
- a cytokine selected from the group consisting of (thrombopoietin) and FLT-3L (Flt3 Ligand) may be further added.
- these concentrations are, for example, 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml of BMP4, 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml of VEGF, and 1 ng / ml to 100 of bFGF. It is ng / ml, SCF is 10 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, TPO is 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, FLT-3L is 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml.
- a TGF ⁇ inhibitor may be added to the culture fluid.
- TGF ⁇ inhibitors are small molecule inhibitors that interfere with TGF ⁇ family signal transduction, for example, SB431542, SB202190 (above, RKLindemann et al., Mol. Cancer 2: 20 (2003)), SB505124 (GlaxoSmithKline) And NPC30345, SD093, SD908, SD208 (Scios), LY2109761, LY364947, and LY580276 (Lilly Research Laboratories), etc., and the concentration in the medium is preferably 0.5 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M.
- iPS cells are C3H10T1 / 2 (Takayama N., et al. J Exp Med. 2817-2830, 2010), or heterologous stromal cells (Niwa A et al. J Ce11 Physiol. 2009). Nov. 221 (2): 367-77.) May be co-cultured, but preferably, culture of iPS cells is performed without using feeder cells.
- the culture method of iPS cells at the production of hematopoietic progenitor cells may be adhesion culture or suspension culture, but suspension culture is preferable.
- iPS cells can be subjected to suspension culture after separating colonies cultured to 80% confluence with the used dishes, dissociating into single cells.
- a method of separating iPS cells for example, a method of mechanically separating, a separation solution having protease activity and collagenase activity (for example, AccutaseTM and AccumaxTM, etc.) or a separation solution having collagenase activity is used. Separation methods.
- Suspension culture is to culture cells in a non-adhesive state with respect to a culture vessel.
- the suspension culture is not particularly limited, but a culture vessel which has not been artificially treated (for example, coated with an extracellular matrix etc.) for the purpose of improving the adhesion to cells, or artificial It can be carried out using a culture vessel that has been treated to inhibit adhesion (eg, coating with polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (po1y-HEMA) or nonionic surface-active polyol (Pluronic F-127 etc.)) .
- po1y-HEMA polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate
- Pluronic F-127 etc. nonionic surface-active polyol
- hematopoietic progenitor cells can also be prepared from a net-like structure (also referred to as iPS-sac) obtained by culturing iPS cells.
- the “net-like structure” is a three-dimensional sac-like (with internal space) structure derived from iPS cells, which is formed of an endothelial cell population or the like, and is a structure containing hematopoietic progenitor cells therein. It is.
- the temperature conditions for culturing the hematopoietic precursor cells are not particularly limited, but for example, about 37 ° C. to about 42 ° C., about 37 ° C. to about 39 ° C. are preferable.
- the culture period can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art while monitoring the number and the like of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
- the number of days is not particularly limited as long as the hematopoietic precursor cells can be obtained, for example, at least 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days or more. 14 days or more, preferably 14 days.
- hypoxic conditions 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5% or less, for example Oxygen concentration of
- CD4CD8 bipositive T cells refers to cells that are positive for surface antigen CD4 and CD8 among T cells (CD8 + CD4 + And T cells can be recognized as positive by the surface antigens CD3 and CD45, so that CD4 CD8-positive T cells can be identified as cells positive for CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD45. it can. CD4 CD8 bi-positive T cells can be differentiated into CD4 positive cells or CD8 positive cells by induction.
- CD4 CD8-positive T cells can be produced by a method comprising the step of culturing hematopoietic progenitor cells in a culture solution to which a p38 inhibitor and / or SDF-1 has been added.
- p38 inhibitor is defined as a substance that inhibits the function of p38 protein (p38 MAP kinase).
- p38 MAP kinase p38 MAP kinase
- a chemical inhibitor of p38, a dominant negative mutant of p38, a nucleic acid encoding the same, and the like can be mentioned, but it is not limited thereto.
- p38 chemical inhibitors include SB203580 (4- (4-fluorophenyl) -2- (4-methylsulfonylphenyl) -5- (4-pyridyl) -1H-imidazole) and Its derivative, SB202190 (4- (4-fluorophenyl) -2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -5- (4-pyridyl) -1H-imidazole) and its derivative, SB239063 (trans-4- [4- (4) -Fluorophenyl) -5- (2-methoxy-4-pyrimidinyl) -1H-imidazol-1-yl] cyclohexanol) and its derivatives, SB220025 and its derivatives, PD169316, RPR200765A, AMG-548, BIRB-796, SCl0 -469, SCIO-3 23, VX-702, as well as FR 167653 but is not limited thereto. These compounds are commercially available,
- dominant negative mutants of p38 include p38T180A in which threonine at position 180 located in the DNA binding region of p38 is point mutated to alanine, and tyrosine at position 182 of p38 in human and mouse P38Y182F etc. which were point mutated to
- the p38 inhibitor is contained in the medium, for example, in the range of about 1 ⁇ M to about 50 ⁇ M.
- SDF-1 (Stromal cell-derived factor 1) is not only SDF-1 ⁇ or its mature form, but also SDF-1 ⁇ , SDF-1 ⁇ , SDF-1 ⁇ , SDF-1 ⁇ or SDF-1 ⁇ . Or the like, or a mature form thereof, or a mixture of any ratio thereof.
- SDF-1 ⁇ is used.
- SDF-1 may also be referred to as CXCL-12 or PBSF.
- SDF-1 may be mammalian, eg, non-human mammalian, such as humans, eg, monkeys, sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, or mice.
- GenBank Accession No. NP_954637 can be used as human SDF-1 ⁇
- a protein registered under GenBank Accession No. NP_000600 can be used as SDF-1 ⁇ .
- SDF-1 may be commercially available one, may be one purified from nature, or may be produced by peptide synthesis or genetic engineering techniques You may use
- SDF-1 is contained in the medium, for example in the range of about 10 ng / ml to about 100 ng / ml.
- the culture solution used for producing CD4CD8-positive T cells is not particularly limited, but the medium used for culturing animal cells is used as a basal medium, and p38 inhibitors and / or SDF-1 More preferably, it can be prepared by adding vitamin Cs.
- the type of vitamin C used in the CD4 / CD8-positive T cell production process is, for example, as described above, but the concentration of vitamin C is, for example, 5 ⁇ g / ml to 200 ⁇ g / ml.
- IMDM Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium
- EMEM Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium
- Ham's F12 medium RPMI 1640 medium
- Fischer's medium OP9 medium
- Neurobasal Medium Life Technologies
- the medium may contain serum or may be serum free.
- the basal medium is, for example, albumin, insulin, transferrin, selenium, fatty acid, trace element, 2-mercaptoethanol, thiolglycerol, lipid, amino acid, L-glutamine, non-essential amino acid, vitamin, growth factor, low It may also contain one or more substances such as molecular compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts and cytokines.
- the culture solution used for producing CD4CD8-positive T cells further comprises adding to the culture solution a cytokine selected from the group consisting of SCF, TPO (thrombopoietin), FLT-3L and IL-7. It is also good. These concentrations are, for example, SCF from 10 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, TPO from 10 ng / ml to 200 ng / ml, and FLT-3L from 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, IL-7 is 1 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml.
- hematopoietic progenitor cells may be cultured using feeder cells, but preferably culture is performed without using feeder cells.
- hematopoietic progenitor cells may be adherent culture or suspension culture, but this step is preferably adherent culture.
- the culture vessel may be coated and used, for example, as a coating agent, Matrigel (Niwa A, et al. PLoS One. 6 (7): e22261, 2011), collagen, gelatin, laminin, Heparan sulfate proteoglycan, retronectin, Fc-DLL4 or entactin, and combinations thereof.
- the embryoid body when the embryoid body is suspended and cultured to obtain hematopoietic progenitor cells, it is preferable to perform the adhesion culture after dissociating the cells into single cells.
- culture temperature conditions for culturing hematopoietic progenitor cells to produce CD4CD8-positive T cells are not particularly limited, and for example, about 37 ° C. to about 42 ° C., about 37 ° C. About 39 ° C. is preferable.
- the culture period can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art while monitoring the number of CD4CD8-positive T cells and the like.
- the number of days is not particularly limited as long as CD4 CD8 bi-positive T cells are obtained, for example, at least 10 days, 12 days, 14 days, 16 days, 18 days, 18 days, 20 days, 22 days, 23 days It is above, Preferably it is 23 days.
- the obtained CD4CD8 bipositive T cells may be isolated and used, or may be used as a cell population containing other cell types.
- it can be isolated using any one index consisting of CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD45, and the method of isolation can use methods well known to those skilled in the art, for example, Examples include a method of labeling with antibodies of CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD45, and isolation using a flow cytometer, or a method of purification using an affinity column or the like on which a desired antigen is immobilized.
- CD8 positive T cells means cells (CD8 + CD4 ⁇ ) that are positive for surface antigen CD8 among T cells Also called sexual T cells. Since T cells can be recognized as positive by surface antigens CD3 and CD45, CD8 positive T cells can be identified as cells that are positive for CD8, CD3 and CD45 and negative for CD4.
- CD8 positive T cells can be produced by a method comprising the step of culturing CD4 CD8 bipositive T cells in a culture solution to which an adrenocortical hormone agent has been added.
- the adrenocortical hormone agent is preferably glucocorticoid or a derivative thereof, and for example, cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone acetate, prednisolone, triamcinolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, or propionone.
- examples include beclomethasone acid.
- the adrenocortical hormone agent is dexamethasone. Its concentration in the culture solution is, for example, 1 nM to 100 nM.
- the culture solution used for producing CD8 positive T cells is not particularly limited, but it is prepared by using a medium used for culturing animal cells as a basal medium and adding an adrenocortical hormone agent thereto.
- a basal medium for example, Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) medium, Medium 199 medium, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) medium, ⁇ MEM medium, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) medium, Ham's F12 medium, RPMI 1640 medium, Fischer's medium Neurobasal Medium (Life Technologies), a mixed medium thereof, and the like.
- the medium may contain serum or may be serum free.
- the basal medium is, for example, albumin, insulin, transferrin, selenium, fatty acid, trace element, 2-mercaptoethanol, thiolglycerol, lipid, amino acid, L-glutamine, non-essential amino acid, vitamin, growth factor, It may also contain one or more substances such as low molecular weight compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts and cytokines.
- the culture solution used for producing CD8 positive T cells preferably further contains an anti-CD3 antibody, vitamin C, or a cytokine.
- the cytokine include IL-2 and IL-7.
- the anti-CD3 antibody is not particularly limited as long as it specifically recognizes CD3, and examples include an antibody produced from an OKT3 clone.
- the concentration of the anti-CD3 antibody in the culture solution is, for example, 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml.
- vitamin C used for producing CD8 positive T cells is, for example, those described above, and can be used under the same conditions as described above.
- the concentration of the cytokine used for producing CD8 positive T cells in the culture solution is, for example, 10 U / ml to 1000 U / ml for IL-2 and 1 ng / ml for IL-7. It is 100 ng / ml.
- the temperature conditions for culturing CD4 CD8-positive T cells to produce CD8-positive T cells are not particularly limited, and for example, about 37 ° C. to about 42 ° C., about 37 ° C. About 39 ° C. is preferable.
- the culture period can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art while monitoring the number of CD8 positive T cells and the like.
- the number of days is not particularly limited as long as CD8 positive T cells can be obtained, and for example, it is at least one day or more, 2 days or more, 3 days or more, 4 days or more, 5 days or more, and preferably 3 days.
- the regenerative T cell population obtained by the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- ⁇ T cell population, ⁇ T cell population, helper T cell population, regulatory T cell population, cytotoxic T cell population, NKT cells A population and a tumor infiltrating T cell population etc. are mentioned.
- the degree of genetic diversity maintained is preferably 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more of the T cell population having genetic diversity of the raw material.
- the generated regenerative T cell population is preferably used for T cell replacement therapy.
- T cell replacement therapy means a treatment method for replacing T cells into a living body, and in one aspect of the present invention, T cell replacement therapy preferably involves transfusion of regenerated T cells, intratumoral Treatment methods by cell transplantation include injection, intraarterial injection, portal injection and the like.
- One aspect of the present invention is a regenerative T cell population obtained via iPS cells, such as a regenerative T cell population obtained by the above method, which maintains the genetic diversity of T cell populations present in vivo.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising the regenerative T cell population of the present invention can be used to treat cancer treatment subjects.
- One aspect of the present invention includes a method of treating cancer using the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable additive. Examples of the additive include cell culture solution, phosphate buffered saline and the like.
- One aspect of the present invention includes a method of treating a regenerative T cell population obtained by the production method of the present invention by applying it to T cell replacement therapy.
- one aspect of the present invention includes the regenerated T cell population obtained by the production method of the present invention for use in treatment by T cell replacement therapy.
- One aspect of the present invention includes all combinations of all the general and / or specific aspects listed in the above description.
- step (1) The collected T cell population is stimulated with CD3 and CD28 antibody-labeled magnetic beads, and 200 U / ml IL-2, 10 ng / ml IL-7, 10 ng Culturing was carried out for 2 days in RPMI-1640 medium (containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine) supplemented with 1 / ml IL-15.
- RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine
- step (2) initialization to iPS cells
- the beads and the cells were separated by pipetting, and then the tube was allowed to stand on a magnetic stand to recover only T cells suspended in the medium.
- T cells were seeded on a 6 cm dish coated with iMatrix-511 (Nippi: # 892011) at 0.5 ⁇ g / cm 2 , and in RPMI-1640 medium at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 , 5% O 2 . Culture was started using an incubator set at 2 .
- the culture was continued for 20 to 40 days while performing the same half volume medium replacement daily to obtain a large number of iPS cell colonies in a 6 cm dish.
- the culture medium was switched from the culture medium for establishment to the culture medium for iPS cells (StemFit AK03N only) to proceed with the culture.
- step (2) culture with maintenance of genetic diversity of established iPS cells
- colonies of iPS cells became visibly recognizable, iPS cells were passaged to a new iMatrix-511 coated 6 cm dish.
- iPS cells For passage, after washing iPS cells adhering to the dish with PBS (-), attach iPS cells by adding TrypLeSelect (Life Technologies: A12859-01) and incubating for about 7 minutes. Was released and dispersed into single cells. The cells were washed with a culture medium for iPS cells and the number of cells was counted. Then, the dispersed cells were seeded at 1,500 cells / cm 2 on a new iMatrix-511 coated 6 cm dish. At this time, the recovered iPS cells were all seeded to a new dish without discarding.
- TrypLeSelect Life Technologies: A12859-01
- TC protector DS Pharma: # KBTCP001
- Frozen iPS cells In order to store iPS cells stably and for a long time, it is desirable to further store them in liquid nitrogen (-196 ° C.).
- the obtained hematopoietic progenitor cells were 50 ng / ml SCF, 50 ng / ml, on a 48-well plate coated with Fc-DLL 4 (5 ⁇ g / ml) (Sino Biological Inc.) and Retronectin (5 ⁇ g / ml) (Takara Bio Inc.) OP9 medium (15% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U / ml penicillin supplemented with ml IL-7, 50 ng / ml Flt3 L, 100 ng / ml TPO, 15 ⁇ M SB203580 (Tocris Bioscience), 30 ng / ml SDF-1 ⁇ (PeproTech) Culture was performed for 21 days in 100 ng / ml streptomycin, 55 ⁇ M 2-mercaptoethanol, 50 ⁇ g / ml ascorbic acid, 10 ⁇ g / ml human insulin, 5.5 ⁇ g / ml
- CD45, CD3, CD4 and CD8 were isolated using FACS to obtain CD4CD8 double positive cells (referred to as DP cells).
- CD4 CD8 both-positive cells were added to a 96-well plate, 15% fetal bovine serum, 500 ng / ml anti-CD3 antibody (eBioscience), 200 U / ml IL-2, 10 ng / ml IL-7, and 10 nM
- the cells were cultured for 2 days in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with dexamethasone (Day 37). Remove the antibody by washing the cells with RPMI 1640 medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum, and culture the cells in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum and 10 ng / ml IL-7 for further 5 days, CD8 positive T cells were obtained (Day 42).
- Example 1 Using the method described above, iPS cells were established from T cell populations having genetic diversity isolated from isolated tumors of lung cancer patients, and redifferentiation was induced to T cells having genetic diversity.
- TCRs T cell receptors
- TCRV ⁇ analysis kit (BECKMAN COULTER: # IM-3497)
- the patient samples contained cells expressing the respective V ⁇ chains at a rate of about 1 to 13%, and were confirmed to be a T cell population having genetic diversity.
- These T cell populations were reformatted into iPS cells by the method described above.
- IPS cells are pluripotent stem cells and do not express T cell-related genes including TCR genes. In other words, it is difficult to analyze the TCR gene diversity at the undifferentiated iPS cell stage.
- the established iPS cells were passaged so as not to lose genetic diversity, and then induced to differentiate into T cells via the hematopoietic progenitor cell stage.
- the repertoire of TCRs expressed by regenerated T cells was analyzed using the same kit as described above (FIG. 2). With establishment of iPS cells and induction of T cell differentiation, the diversity of T cells expressing segments such as 2, 3, 4, 7.1, 7.2, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20 and 21.3 of V ⁇ is lost Although it has been completed, about half of the V ⁇ repertoire is conserved, and it has been confirmed that the regenerated T cells are a T cell population having genetic diversity.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕(1)採取した遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団から、目的の組織又は抗原に対して指向性を有するT細胞集団を濃縮する工程、(2)前記濃縮したT細胞集団をiPS細胞へと初期化し、遺伝的多様性を維持したままで、iPS細胞を培養する工程、及び(3)前記培養したiPS細胞から遺伝的多様性を有する再生T細胞集団を製造する工程を含む、iPS細胞を介して遺伝的多様性を有する再生T細胞集団を製造する方法、
〔2〕工程(1)の採取したT細胞集団が、治療対象の哺乳動物由来である、〔1〕に記載の方法、
〔3〕工程(1)の採取したT細胞集団が、腫瘍浸潤T細胞である、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の方法、
〔4〕工程(1)の採取したT細胞集団が、血液、リンパ節又は腔水由来である、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の方法、
〔5〕工程(1)が、抗原タンパク質又はペプチドでの刺激により活性化し、増殖したT細胞を分離するステップを含む、〔1〕~〔4〕いずれか1項に記載の方法、
〔6〕工程(2)が、iPS細胞をクローン化せずに回収し、継代するステップを含む、〔1〕~〔5〕いずれか1項に記載の方法、
〔7〕工程(3)で得られたT細胞集団が、αβT細胞集団、γδT細胞集団、ヘルパーT細胞集団、レギュラトリーT細胞集団、細胞傷害性T細胞集団、NKT細胞集団、又は腫瘍浸潤T細胞集団である、〔1〕~〔6〕いずれか1項に記載の方法、
〔8〕工程(3)で得られたT細胞集団が、T細胞補充療法に使用するものである、〔1〕~〔7〕いずれか1項に記載の方法、
〔9〕〔1〕~〔8〕いずれか記載の方法により得られる再生T細胞集団、〔10〕生体内に存在するT細胞集団の遺伝的多様性を維持している、iPS細胞を介して得られる再生T細胞集団、
〔11〕〔9〕または〔10〕に記載の再生T細胞集団を含有する医薬組成物、
〔12〕自家的または同種的な移植によりがん治療対象を処置するための〔11〕に記載の医薬組成物、
〔13〕〔11〕または〔12〕に記載の医薬組成物を用いる、がん治療方法に関する。
本発明の工程(1)は、採取した遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団から、目的の組織又は抗原に対して指向性を有するT細胞集団を濃縮する工程である。
本発明の一態様において、「遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団」とは、生体内に存在するCD3及びCD45が陽性であるリンパ球であり、抗原を認識するT細胞受容体(TCR)の遺伝子配列が集団として多様な細胞集団である。生体内に存在するT細胞は、T前駆細胞が胸腺内で発生分化する際に、TCR遺伝子のランダムな組み換えが起こることで、個々のT細胞が異なるTCR遺伝子配列を有し、あらゆる抗原に対して免疫反応を引き起こすことが可能となっている。個々のT細胞が有するTCRはそれぞれ特異的に認識する抗原又はペプチド配列が決定しているものの、T細胞を集団として捉えることにより、そのT細胞集団が、多様な抗原を免疫対象としていることが理解できる。従って、生体から採取されたT細胞集団は、この意味で、遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団である。
生体内には、あらゆる抗原に対して反応できるように、非常に多様なT細胞が存在しているが、大半がT細胞補充療法で目的とする抗原とは無関係なT細胞である。そのため、iPS細胞への初期化を介して製造するT細胞の原料として、T細胞補充療法の対象となる癌、腫瘍又はウイルスに反応性のあるT細胞集団を、あらかじめ濃縮しておくことで、治療効果が飛躍的に高まると同時に、想定外の抗原に対する免疫反応を抑制し安全性を高めることが可能となる。
本発明の工程(2)は、前記濃縮したT細胞集団をiPS細胞へと初期化し、遺伝的多様性を維持したまま培養する工程である。
iPS細胞の製造方法は当該分野で公知である。本発明の一態様において、iPS細胞は、好ましくは、工程(1)で濃縮したT細胞集団へ初期化因子を導入することによって製造される。ここで、初期化因子としては、例えば、Oct3/4、Sox2、Sox1、Sox3、Sox15、Sox17、Klf4、Klf2、c-Myc、N-Myc、L-Myc、Nanog、Lin28、Fbx15、ERas、ECAT15-2、Tcl1、beta-catenin、Lin28b、Sall1、Sall4、Esrrb、Nr5a2、Tbx3又はGlis1等の遺伝子又は遺伝子産物が挙げられ、これらの初期化因子は、単独で用いても良く、組み合わせて用いても良い。
iPS細胞を培養する場合、好ましくは、継代が行われる。しかし、一般的な継代方法では、継代に用いる細胞以外の細胞は破棄されてしまうので、遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団から樹立されたiPS細胞集団の多様性が次第に失われていってしまう。
本発明の工程(3)は、前記培養したiPS細胞から遺伝的多様性を有する再生T細胞集団を製造する工程である。
造血前駆細胞(Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (HPC) )とは、リンパ球、好酸球、好中球、好塩基球、赤血球、又は巨核球等の血球系細胞に分化可能な細胞である。本発明の一態様において、造血前駆細胞と造血幹細胞は、区別されるものではなく、特に断りがなければ同一の細胞を示す。造血幹細胞/前駆細胞は、例えば、表面抗原であるCD34及び/又はCD43が陽性であることによって認識できる。
本発明において、「CD4CD8両陽性T細胞」とは、T細胞のうち、表面抗原のCD4及びCD8が共に陽性である細胞(CD8+CD4+)を意味し、T細胞は、表面抗原であるCD3及びCD45が陽性であることによって認識できることから、CD4CD8両陽性T細胞は、CD4、CD8、CD3及びCD45が陽性である細胞として同定することができる。CD4CD8両陽性T細胞は、誘導によってCD4陽性細胞又はCD8陽性細胞へと分化させることができる。
本発明において、「p38阻害剤」とは、p38タンパク質(p38MAPキナーゼ)の機能を阻害する物質として定義される。本発明の一態様において、例えば、p38の化学的阻害剤、p38のドミナントネガティブ変異体、又はそれをコードする核酸等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
23、VX-702、並びにFR167653が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。これらの化合物は市販されており、例えばSB203580、SB202190、SC239063、SB220025及びPD169316についてはCalbiochem社、SCl0-469及びSCIO-323についてはScios社等から入手可能である。
本発明の一態様において、SDF-1 (Stromal cell-derived factor 1)は、SDF-1α又はその成熟型だけでなく、SDF-1β、SDF-1γ、SDF-1δ、SDF-1ε若しくはSDF-1φ等のアイソフォーム、又はそれらの成熟型であってもよく、或いはこれらの任意の割合の混合物等であってもよい。好ましくは、SDF-1αが使用される。尚、SDF-1は、CXCL-12又はPBSFと称される場合もある。
「CD8陽性T細胞」とは、T細胞のうち、表面抗原のCD8が陽性である細胞(CD8+CD4-)を意味し、細胞傷害性T細胞とも呼ばれる。T細胞は、表面抗原であるCD3及びCD45が陽性であることによって認識できることから、CD8陽性T細胞は、CD8、CD3及びCD45が陽性であり、CD4が陰性である細胞として同定することができる。
採取したT細胞集団に対し、CD3及びCD28抗体で標識された磁気ビーズを用いて活性化刺激を与え、200U/ml IL-2、10ng/ml IL-7、10ng/ml IL-15を添加したRPMI-1640培地(10%ウシ胎児血清、1%Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamineを含む)中で2日間培養を行った。
続いて、T細胞を15mlチューブへ回収し、約250μlのRPMI-1640培地に浮遊させた後、CytoTune-iPS 2.0キット(株式会社IDファーマ社:#DV-0304)を用いて、MOI=5となる力価で初期化に必要な4因子(Oct3/4、Sox2、Klf4及びc-Myc)を含むセンダイウイルスを培地に添加し、37℃で2時間インキュベートを行った。インキュベート後には、RPMI-1640培地を用いてT細胞を洗浄し、培地中からウイルスを除去した。
iPS細胞のコロニーが肉眼で確認できるほど大きくなった段階で、iPS細胞を、新しくiMatrix-511をコーティングした6cmディッシュへと継代した。
超低接着処理された6well plate(CORNING社: #3471)に、工程(2)で得られたiPS細胞を3x105~6x105個/ウェルで播種し(DayO)、EB培地(StemPro34に10μg/mlヒトインスリン、5.5μg/ml ヒトトランスフェリン、5ng/ml 亜セレン酸ナトリウム、2mM L-グルタミン、45mM α-モノチオグリセロール、及び50μg/ml アスコルビン酸を添加)に10 ng/ml BMP4、5ng/ml bFGF、15ng/ml VEGF、2μM SB431542を加えて、低酸素条件下(5%O2)にて5日間培養を行った(Day5)。
前記の方法を用いて、肺癌患者の摘出腫瘍から分離された遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団からiPS細胞を樹立し、遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞へと再分化誘導を行った。
Claims (13)
- (1)採取した遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団から、目的の組織又は抗原に対して指向性を有するT細胞集団を濃縮する工程、
(2)前記濃縮したT細胞集団をiPS細胞へと初期化し、遺伝的多様性を維持したままで、iPS細胞を培養する工程、及び
(3)前記培養したiPS細胞から遺伝的多様性を有する再生T細胞集団を製造する工程を含む、iPS細胞を介して遺伝的多様性を有する再生T細胞集団を製造する方法。 - 工程(1)の採取したT細胞集団が、治療対象の哺乳動物由来である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程(1)の採取したT細胞集団が、腫瘍浸潤T細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 工程(1)の採取したT細胞集団が、血液、リンパ節又は腔水由来である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 工程(1)が、抗原タンパク質又はペプチドでの刺激により活性化し、増殖したT細胞を分離するステップを含む、請求項1~4いずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(2)が、iPS細胞をクローン化せずに回収し、継代するステップを含む、請求項1~5いずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(3)で得られたT細胞集団が、αβT細胞集団、γδT細胞集団、ヘルパーT細胞集団、レギュラトリーT細胞集団、細胞傷害性T細胞集団、NKT細胞集団、又は腫瘍浸潤T細胞集団である、請求項1~6いずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(3)で得られたT細胞集団が、T細胞補充療法に使用するものである、請求項1~7いずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~8いずれか1項に記載の方法により得られる再生T細胞集団。
- 生体内に存在するT細胞集団の遺伝的多様性を維持している、iPS細胞を介して得られる再生T細胞集団。
- 請求項9または請求項10に記載の再生T細胞集団を含有する医薬組成物。
- 自家的または同種的な移植によりがん治療対象を処置するための請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項11または請求項12に記載の医薬組成物を用いる、がん治療方法。
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| JP2019547010A JPWO2019070021A1 (ja) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-10-04 | iPS細胞由来の遺伝的多様性を有するT細胞集団の製造方法 |
| US16/652,011 US20200345789A1 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-10-04 | Production method for ips cell-derived population of genetically diverse t cells |
| CN201880064382.0A CN111164204A (zh) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-10-04 | 来自iPS细胞的具有遗传多样性的T细胞群体的制备方法 |
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| WO2020251046A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-17 | サイアス株式会社 | 医薬組成物 |
| JP2023548115A (ja) * | 2020-10-28 | 2023-11-15 | サンガモ セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | ヒト多能性幹細胞からのcd4+エフェクターおよび制御性t細胞の生成 |
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| JP2023548115A (ja) * | 2020-10-28 | 2023-11-15 | サンガモ セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | ヒト多能性幹細胞からのcd4+エフェクターおよび制御性t細胞の生成 |
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| EP3693456A1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
| CN111164204A (zh) | 2020-05-15 |
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