WO2019058420A1 - 鋼管及び鋼板 - Google Patents
鋼管及び鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019058420A1 WO2019058420A1 PCT/JP2017/033706 JP2017033706W WO2019058420A1 WO 2019058420 A1 WO2019058420 A1 WO 2019058420A1 JP 2017033706 W JP2017033706 W JP 2017033706W WO 2019058420 A1 WO2019058420 A1 WO 2019058420A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
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- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel pipe and a steel plate.
- steel pipes for line pipes are required to have high strength in order to save materials by thinning and to reduce the weight of products.
- the amount of addition of alloying elements is increased or the amount of heat input is increased for high efficiency welding for the purpose of increasing the strength, the low temperature toughness of the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the welding heat decreases.
- steel pipes having HIC resistance have high purification of steel, reduction of inclusions, shape control of sulfide inclusions by Ca addition, light reduction and acceleration during casting, and the like. It has been manufactured using technology such as suppression of center segregation by cooling.
- the present invention is a steel pipe suitable for use as a line pipe, having a strength of X 52 to 70 in the API standard and excellent in SSC resistance and HIC resistance, and a steel plate used for a base material of this steel pipe. Intended to be provided.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the summary thereof is as follows.
- a steel pipe according to an aspect of the present invention has a base material portion made of a cylindrical steel plate, and a welded portion provided in a butt portion of the steel plate and extending in the longitudinal direction of the steel plate,
- the above steel sheet has a chemical composition, C: 0.030 to 0.070%, Si: 0.005 to 0.50%, Mn: 1.05 to 1.65%, Al: 0.010 by mass%.
- the surface layer metal structure which is a metal structure in the range of up to 0 mm includes polygonal ferrite and granular bainite, and the area ratio of the polygonal ferrite in the surface layer metal structure is 0 to 70%, and the polygonal ferrite
- the total area ratio with the granular bainite is 50% or more, the maximum hardness in the surface layer metal structure is 270 Hv or less, and the plate thickness is more than 1.0 mm in the depth direction from the surface of the base material portion
- the chemical composition is, by mass%, Ni: 0.05 to 0.50%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.50%, Cu: 0.05 to 0.50%, V: 0.010 to 0.100%, Mg: 0.0001 to 0.0100%, REM: 0.0001 to 0.0100% It may contain species or two or more species.
- the remaining part of the surface layer metal structure is made of one or two of bainite and pseudo-perlite, and the remaining part of the internal metal structure is granular bainite, It may consist of one or more of bainite and pseudo-perlite.
- the steel plate according to another aspect of the present invention is used for the base material portion of the steel pipe according to any one of the above (1) to (3).
- a steel plate suitable for use as a line pipe having a strength of X 52 to 70 according to API standard and excellent in SSC resistance and HIC resistance, and the steel plate as a base material It is possible to provide a steel pipe excellent in SSC resistance and HIC resistance. Specifically, it is possible to provide a steel pipe excellent in SSC resistance (sulfide resistance to stress corrosion cracking) and HIC resistance (hydrogen-induced cracking resistance) and a steel plate used as a base material of the steel pipe.
- a steel pipe excellent in sour resistance (SSC resistance and HIC resistance) is suitable as a line pipe for transporting petroleum, natural gas and the like.
- the weld of a steel pipe is at the 0 o'clock position, it is a figure showing the result of measuring the hardness (load 100 g) of the surface layer metal structure from 0.1 to 1.0 mm from the surface at the position corresponding to 3 o'clock.
- the weld of a steel pipe is at the 0 o'clock position, it is a figure showing the result of measuring the hardness (load 100 g) of the surface layer metal structure from 0.1 to 1.0 mm from the surface at the position corresponding to 6 o'clock.
- the hardness (load 100 g) of the surface layer metal structure 0.1 to 1.0 mm from the surface at the position corresponding to 9 o'clock is measured. It is a figure which shows an example of the SEM photograph of surface layer metal structure. It is a figure which shows an example of the SEM photograph of internal metallographic structure.
- a steel pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a steel pipe according to the present embodiment) is It has a base material part which consists of a cylindrical steel plate, and a welding part which is provided in a butt of the steel plate and extends in the longitudinal direction of the steel plate,
- the above steel sheet has a chemical composition, C: 0.030 to 0.070%, Si: 0.005 to 0.50%, Mn: 1.05 to 1.65%, Al: 0.010 by mass%.
- the surface layer metallographic structure which is a metallographic structure ranging from the surface of the base metal portion in the depth direction to 1.0 mm includes polygonal ferrite and granular bainite, and the area of the polygonal ferrite in the surface layer metallographic structure Rate is 0 to 70%, the area ratio of the total of the polygonal ferrite and the granular bainite is 50% or more, and the balance may include bainite (including tempered bainite),
- the maximum hardness is 270 Hv or less, preferably 250 Hv or less
- the internal metallographic structure which is a metallographic structure ranging from more than 1.0 mm in the depth direction to the thickness center of the base material portion, includes polygonal ferrite having an area ratio of 40% or less and the remaining portion is granular bainite May contain bainite, pseudo-perlite or mixtures thereof
- the maximum hardness is 248 Hv or less and the average hardness is 150 to 220 Hv.
- a steel plate according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as a steel plate according to the present embodiment) is a steel plate used for the base material portion of the steel pipe.
- the base material portion of the steel pipe according to the present embodiment (that is, the steel plate according to the present embodiment) will be described.
- Chemical composition The reason for limitation of the chemical composition of the base material portion (the steel plate according to the present embodiment) of the steel pipe according to the present embodiment will be described.
- % related to the chemical composition means mass%.
- C 0.030% to 0.070%
- C is an element necessary to improve the strength of the steel. If the C content is less than 0.030%, the strength improvement effect can not be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the C content is 0.030% or more. Preferably it is 0.040% or more.
- the C content exceeds 0.070%, while the strength of the steel increases too much, the surface layer metal structure and the internal metal structure, in particular, the hardness of the central segregation portion exceeds 248 Hv, SSC resistance, resistance to HIC property decreases. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.070% or less.
- the content of C is preferably 0.050% or less from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in weldability, toughness and the like.
- Si 0.005 to 0.50%
- Si is an element that functions as a deoxidizer during steel making. In addition, it is an element that is inevitably mixed in the steelmaking stage. The said effect is not fully acquired as Si content is less than 0.005%. Therefore, the Si content is 0.005% or more. It is preferable to make it 0.050% or more in the point which fully acquires the deoxidation effect.
- the Si content exceeds 0.50%, the toughness of the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) decreases. Therefore, the Si content is 0.50% or less. Preferably it is 0.35% or less.
- Mn 1.05 to 1.65%
- Mn is an element which contributes to the improvement of the strength and toughness of steel. If the Mn content is less than 1.05%, the effect of improving strength and toughness can not be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Mn content is 1.05% or more. Preferably it is 1.15% or more.
- the Mn content exceeds 1.65%, a large amount of MnS which degrades the HIC resistance is generated, and the hardness of the internal metal structure, particularly the center segregation portion exceeds 248 Hv, and the HIC resistance decreases Do. Therefore, the Mn content is 1.65% or less. Preferably it is 1.50% or less.
- Al 0.010% to 0.070%
- Al is an element added for deoxidation. The said effect is not fully acquired as Al content is less than 0.010%. Therefore, the Al content is made 0.010% or more. Preferably it is 0.020% or more.
- the Al content exceeds 0.070%, Al oxides are accumulated to form clusters, and the HIC resistance is lowered. Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.070% or less. Preferably it is 0.045% or less.
- Ti 0.005 to 0.020%
- Ti is an element which combines with N to form a nitride. This nitride contributes to the refinement of crystal grains. The said effect is not fully acquired as Ti content is less than 0.005%. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.005% or more. Preferably it is 0.008% or more.
- the Ti content exceeds 0.020%, coarse nitrides are formed and the HIC resistance is lowered. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.020% or less. Preferably it is 0.015% or less.
- Nb 0.005 to 0.045%
- Nb is an element which contributes to the improvement of the strength of steel by forming carbides and nitrides as well as enlarging the non-recrystallization temperature range to make crystal grains finer.
- the said effect is not fully acquired as Nb content is less than 0.005%. Therefore, the Nb content is made 0.005% or more. Preferably, it is 0.010% or more.
- the Nb content exceeds 0.045%, coarse carbides and nitrides are formed, and the HIC resistance decreases. Therefore, the Nb content is 0.045% or less. Preferably it is 0.035% or less.
- Ca 0.0010 to 0.0050%
- Ca is an element that contributes to the improvement of the HIC resistance by combining with S to form CaS and suppressing the formation of MnS that elongates in the rolling direction. If the Ca content is less than 0.0010%, the above effect can not be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the Ca content is 0.0010% or more. Preferably it is 0.0020% or more. On the other hand, when the Ca content exceeds 0.0050%, Ca oxides accumulate and the HIC resistance decreases. Therefore, the Ca content is made 0.0050% or less. Preferably it is 0.0040% or less.
- N 0.0015 to 0.0070%
- N is an element that forms a nitride and contributes to the suppression of coarsening of austenite grains during heating. The said effect is not fully acquired as N content is less than 0.0015%. Therefore, the N content is 0.0015% or more. Preferably it is 0.0020% or more.
- the N content is made 0.0070% or less. Preferably it is 0.0050% or less.
- the chemical composition of the base material portion (the steel plate according to the present embodiment) of the steel pipe according to the present embodiment includes the characteristics of the steel plate according to the present embodiment in order to improve the strength, toughness, and other characteristics besides the above elements. In the range which does not reduce, it may replace with a part of Fe, and may contain 1 type, or 2 or more types selected from Ni, Mo, Cr, Cu, V, Mg, and REM in the range mentioned later. These elements are optional elements and may not be contained. That is, the lower limit of the content of these elements is 0%.
- Ni is an element that contributes to the improvement of the toughness and strength of the steel and the improvement of the corrosion resistance.
- the Ni content is preferably 0.05% or more. More preferably, it is 0.10% or more.
- the Ni content is 0.50% or less. Preferably it is 0.35% or less.
- Mo 0 to 0.50%
- Mo is an element which contributes to the improvement of the hardenability of steel.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.05% or more. More preferably, it is 0.10% or more.
- the Mo content exceeds 0.50%, the strength is excessively increased and the toughness is reduced. Therefore, even when it is contained, the Mo content is 0.50% or less. Preferably it is 0.35% or less.
- Cr 0 to 0.50% Cr is an element that contributes to the improvement of the strength of the steel.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.05% or more. More preferably, it is 0.10% or more.
- the Cr content is made 0.50% or less. Preferably it is 0.35% or less.
- Cu 0 to 0.50%
- Cu is an element that contributes to the improvement of the strength of the steel and the improvement of the corrosion resistance.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.05% or more. More preferably, it is 0.10% or more.
- the Cu content exceeds 0.50%, the strength is excessively increased and the toughness is reduced. Therefore, even when it is contained, the Cu content is 0.50% or less. Preferably it is 0.35% or less.
- V 0 to 0.100%
- V is an element that contributes to the improvement of the strength of the steel by forming carbides and / or nitrides.
- the V content is preferably 0.010% or more. More preferably, it is 0.030% or more.
- the V content exceeds 0.100%, the toughness decreases. Therefore, even when it is contained, the V content is 0.100% or less. Preferably it is 0.080% or less.
- Mg 0 to 0.0100%
- Mg is an element which contributes to the improvement of the toughness of steel by forming a fine oxide and suppressing the coarsening of crystal grains.
- the Mg content is preferably made 0.0001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0010% or more.
- the Mg content exceeds 0.0100%, the oxides are coagulated and coarsened, and the HIC resistance and the toughness decrease. Therefore, even when it is contained, the Mg content is made 0.0100% or less. Preferably it is 0.0050% or less.
- REM 0 to 0.0100% REM is an element that contributes to the improvement of SSC resistance, HIC resistance and toughness by controlling the form of sulfide inclusions.
- the REM content is preferably made 0.0001% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0010% or more.
- the REM content exceeds 0.0100%, oxides are formed to lower the cleanliness of the steel, and as a result, the HIC resistance and the toughness decrease. Therefore, even when it is contained, the REM content is made 0.0100% or less. Preferably it is 0.0060% or less.
- REM means a rare earth element and is a generic name of 17 elements of Sc, Y and lanthanoid, and the REM content indicates the total content of these 17 elements.
- the base material portion of the steel pipe according to the present embodiment is based on the chemical composition containing the above essential elements and the balance containing Fe and impurities.
- the chemical composition may optionally contain the above optional elements, with the balance being Fe and impurities.
- Impurities are components that are mixed in from industrial sources such as ore or scrap, or from various environments in the manufacturing process when manufacturing steel products industrially, and are acceptable insofar as they do not adversely affect steel. I mean one.
- impurities P, S, O, Sb, Sn, Co, As, Pb, Bi, and H are preferably controlled in the range described later.
- P 0.015% or less
- P is an impurity element, and the smaller its content, the more preferable element.
- the P content exceeds 0.015%, the HIC resistance is significantly reduced. Therefore, the P content is 0.015% or less.
- the lower limit includes 0%.
- the P content is reduced to less than 0.003%, the manufacturing cost is significantly increased, so 0.003% is a practical lower limit of the P content in practical steel plates.
- S 0.0015% or less
- S is an element forming MnS which is stretched in the rolling direction during hot rolling. This stretched MnS lowers the HIC resistance.
- the S content exceeds 0.0015%, the HIC resistance is significantly reduced. Therefore, the S content is 0.0015% or less. Preferably it is 0.0010% or less.
- the manufacturing cost is significantly increased, so 0.0001% is a practical upper limit of the S content in practical steel plates.
- O 0.0040% or less
- O is an element which inevitably remains after deoxidation, and the smaller its content, the more preferable.
- the O content exceeds 0.0040%, a large amount of oxides are formed, and the HIC resistance is significantly reduced. Therefore, the O content is made 0.0040% or less. Preferably it is 0.0030% or less.
- the lower the O content the lower the 0 content.
- 0.0010% is a practical lower limit of the O content in practical steel plates.
- Sb, Sn, Co, As are each 0.10% or less, Pb and Bi are each 0.005% or less, H is 0.0005% or less. It is preferable to do.
- Ceq 0.300 to 0.400
- the chemical composition of the steel plate used for the base material portion of the steel pipe is not only the content of each element but also the following formula (1 Ceq (carbon equivalent weight) defined by) shall be 0.400 or less.
- Ceq [C] + [Mn] / 6 + ([Ni] + [Cu]) / 15 + ([Cr] + [Mo] + [V]) / 5 (1)
- [C], [Mn], [Ni], [Cu], [Cr], [Mo], and [V] in the formulas are C, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, and V contents (mass %).
- Ceq When the Ceq exceeds 0.400, the hardenability becomes too high, and the maximum hardness of the surface layer metal structure of the base material portion (steel plate) to be described later exceeds 270 Hv, and as a result, the SSC resistance decreases. In addition, the maximum hardness of the internal metal structure exceeds 248 Hv, and the HIC resistance decreases. Therefore, Ceq should be 0.400 or less. Preferably it is 0.350 or less. The lower limit of Ceq is 0.300 or more in order to secure a predetermined strength.
- the surface layer portion of the steel plate is quenched more rapidly than the inside of the steel plate.
- the surface layer portion of the steel plate is higher in hardness than the inside.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the steel sheet and steel pipe having such a structure have inferior SSC resistance in the (surface layer portion) ranging from the surface to 1.0 mm in the depth direction (plate thickness direction). Found out.
- the inventors of the present invention can control the metallographic structure of the surface layer of the steel sheet and the metallographic structure of the inside of the steel sheet by controlling the cooling of the steel sheet. As a result, the hardness of the surface layer of the steel sheet is increased. Was found to be able to suppress
- the metallographic structure of the steel plate of the base material portion is (i) 1 from the surface of the steel plate in the depth direction (thickness direction) Divided into structures in the range of up to .0 mm (surface layer metal structure) and (ii) structures in the range from more than 1.0 mm in the depth direction from the surface of the steel plate to the center of thickness (internal metal structure),
- the type and fraction (area ratio) of the contained structure and the hardness are defined.
- the surface layer portion (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as a “steel plate surface layer portion”) up to 1.0 mm in the depth direction from the surface of the steel plate of the base material portion.
- the hardness in the range from the surface to a depth of 1.0 mm is high, so the surface layer metallographic structure is a structure ranging from a surface of the steel sheet to a depth of 1.0 mm.
- the area ratio of polygonal ferrite is 0 to 70%, polygonal ferrite and granular bainite
- the area ratio of polygonal ferrite exceeds 70% in the surface layer portion where the total area ratio is 50% or more and the maximum hardness is 270 Hv or less, a high concentration of C is accumulated in the remaining portion to form a hardened region. , SSC resistance is degraded. Therefore, the area ratio of polygonal ferrite is 70% or less. Preferably it is 50% or less.
- the total area ratio of polygonal ferrite and granular bainite is set to 50% or more.
- the balance of the surface layer metal structure is preferably made of one or two of bainite and pseudo-perlite. However, the remainder may not be included. That is, the total area ratio of polygonal ferrite and granular bainite may be 100%.
- the maximum hardness of the surface layer metal structure exceeds 270 Hv, the SSC resistance decreases. Therefore, the maximum hardness of the surface layer metal structure is set to 270 Hv or less. Preferably it is 250 Hv. Although there is no need to set the lower limit from the viewpoint of SSC resistance, it is substantially 160 Hv or more.
- the measurement of the area ratio of each tissue is obtained by observing the metal structure with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of, for example, 1000 ⁇ .
- the surface layer metallographic structure is obtained by observing the positions of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm from the surface of the steel plate and averaging the area ratio at each position.
- polygonal ferrite is a structure observed as a massive structure that does not contain coarse precipitates such as coarse cementite and MA in the grains.
- Bainite is a structure in which a prior austenite grain boundary is clear, a fine lath structure is developed in the grain, and fine carbides and austenite-martensitic hybrids are interspersed in the lath and between the laths.
- bainite also includes tempered bainite.
- Granular bainite is an acicular ferrite in which former austenite grain boundaries are unclear and intra-granular acicular ferrite (with neither carbide nor austenite-martensitic composite) forming with random crystal orientation And, at a transformation temperature intermediate to that of bainite, the former austenite grain boundaries are partially visible, a coarse lath structure exists in the grains, and fine carbides and austenite-martensitic hybrids are interspersed within and between laths. And the austenite grain boundaries are unclear and a needle-like or irregular-shaped ferrite part is mixed.
- Pseudo pearlite is pearlite in which cementite is arranged in a line.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a metal structure of 0.5 mm from the surface of the steel plate (image taken with a scanning electron microscope: 1000 ⁇ magnification).
- a portion surrounded by a smooth curve and having a smooth inside is polygonal ferrite, and a portion where white dots exist inside is granular bainite.
- the measurement of the maximum hardness of the surface part metallographic structure is performed as follows. First, positions of 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of the width of the steel plate in the width direction of the steel plate from the end in the width direction of the steel plate (corresponding to a butt joint in the case of steel pipe) Steel plates of 300 mm square are cut out by gas cutting from positions of 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock and 9 o'clock respectively when welds are at 0 o'clock, and block test pieces of 20 mm in length and 20 mm in width from the center of the cut steel plates Are collected by mechanical cutting and polished by mechanical polishing.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C show the results of measurement of the hardness of the surface layer metal structure at three locations corresponding to 3:00, 6:00 and 9:00 when the welded portion of the steel pipe is at the 0 o'clock position.
- the hardness of the surface layer metallographic structure was measured using a Vickers hardness tester at an interval of 0.1 mm from the surface layer to a depth of 0.1 mm to a depth of 1.0 mm at a load of 100 g at the same depth of 10 points.
- the maximum hardness is 270 Hv or less at any point, and it can be seen that the SSC resistance is excellent.
- Metallographic structure ranging from more than 1.0 mm in the depth direction from the surface of the steel plate of the base metal part to the thickness direction (internal metal structure): Polygonal ferrite area ratio 40% or less, maximum hardness 248 Hv or less, average Hardness 150 to 220 Hv
- the area ratio of polygonal ferrite is 40% or less. Preferably it is 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less.
- the remainder of the internal metallographic structure consists of one or more of granular bainite, bainite and pseudo-perlite.
- the maximum hardness of the internal metal structure exceeds 248 Hv
- the HIC resistance decreases. Therefore, the maximum hardness is set to 248 Hv or less.
- the average hardness is 150 Hv or more. Preferably it is 160 Hv or more.
- the average hardness exceeds 220 Hv
- the HIC resistance and the toughness decrease. Therefore, the average hardness is set to 220 Hv or less. Preferably it is 210 Hv or less.
- the structure fraction (area ratio) of the internal metallographic structure is observed, for example, at a magnification of 1000 times the position of 1/4 (t / 4) of the plate thickness from the surface of the steel plate using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) It is obtained by The observation position is set to the position of t / 4 because the tissue at the position of t / 4 indicates a typical tissue of the internal metallographic structure.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a metal structure at a position of t / 4 (imaging with a scanning electron microscope: magnification of 1000).
- a portion surrounded by a smooth curve and having a smooth inside is polygonal ferrite.
- a portion in which white dots or lines are visible inside is granular bainite or pseudo-perlite, and it is bainite surrounded by white lines of jaggedness and in which a thin pattern is visible inside.
- the maximum hardness and the average hardness of the internal metal structure can be measured by the following method. Positions of 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 in the width direction of the steel plate from the end in the width direction of the steel plate (corresponding to a butt joint in the case of steel pipe) Cut out a steel plate of 300 mm square from the positions of 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock and 9 o'clock respectively by gas cutting, and block test pieces of 20 mm long and 20 mm wide from the center of the cut steel plate by mechanical cutting Polish by mechanical polishing.
- a Vickers hardness tester (load: 1 kg) starts at a depth position of 1.2 mm from the surface, 0.2 mm intervals in the thickness direction, and 1.0 mm width direction for the same depth Measure the hardness at 10 points at intervals.
- a high hardness value (abnormal value) may appear locally. However, even if such an abnormal value appears, the HIC resistance can be secured.
- the HIC resistance is lowered, which is not acceptable. Therefore, in the present embodiment, even if one measurement point exceeding 248 Hv is present, if two or more points appear continuously in the thickness direction, that point is not adopted as an abnormal point, and the next highest value is obtained. Is the maximum hardness. On the other hand, when there are two or more measurement points exceeding 248 Hv continuously in the thickness direction, the highest value of them is adopted as the maximum hardness. Also, the average hardness is calculated by averaging the hardness of all the measurement points.
- the steel pipe according to the present embodiment is obtained by processing the steel plate according to the present embodiment into a cylindrical shape, butting both ends of the cylindrical steel plate (the ends in the width direction of the steel plate) and welding. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the steel pipe 1 according to the present embodiment is provided at the butt portion of the steel plate 2 and has a welded portion 3 extending in the longitudinal direction of the steel plate.
- the weld 3 is usually provided continuously from the longitudinal end of the steel plate 2 to the other end.
- the welded portion is constructed so as to be thicker than the base material portion.
- the weld metal is a higher alloy than the base metal and has high corrosion resistance. As a result, welds are seldom the starting point of failure. Therefore, the welded portion of the steel pipe according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained by SAW welding or the like under normal conditions.
- the steel pipe according to the present embodiment preferably has a strength satisfying X52 to X70 defined in API 5L, in consideration of application to a line pipe.
- the steel pipe according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration regardless of the manufacturing method, its effects can be obtained, but can be stably obtained, for example, according to the manufacturing method including the following steps. So preferred. That is, the steel plate according to the present embodiment is (I) A hot rolling process in which a steel piece having a predetermined chemical composition is heated to 1050 to 1250 ° C. and subjected to hot rolling, and the hot rolling is finished at 830 to 1000 ° C. (Ii) The surface temperature of the steel plate after completion of hot rolling is from a temperature range of 750 to 950 ° C. to a temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C., with an average cooling rate of 15 to 100 ° C./sec.
- the rise is 5 to 65 ° C, Obtained by the manufacturing method including Moreover, in addition to said (i) and (ii), the steel pipe which concerns on this embodiment is (Iii) a forming step of forming the steel plate according to the present embodiment obtained by the above into a cylindrical shape; (Iv) A welding process in which both ends of a cylindrical steel plate are butted and welded, Are obtained by the manufacturing method further including Hereinafter, preferable conditions for each step will be described.
- Steel billet heating temperature 1050 to 1250 ° C
- Steel slabs produced by casting a molten steel having the same chemical composition as the base material of the steel pipe according to the present embodiment are heated to 1050 to 1250 ° C. and subjected to hot rolling.
- Casting of molten steel and production of billet prior to hot rolling may be performed according to a conventional method.
- the billet heating temperature is less than 1050 ° C., undissolved coarse carbonitrides of Nb and Ti are formed, and the HIC resistance is lowered. Therefore, it is preferable to make steel slab heating temperature into 1050 degreeC or more. More preferably, it is 1100 ° C. or higher.
- the billet heating temperature exceeds 1250 ° C.
- the crystal grain size increases and the low temperature toughness decreases.
- austenite grain size becomes coarse and the hardenability becomes excessively high, a hardened phase is formed in the surface layer metal structure and the internal metal structure, and the SSC resistance and the HIC resistance decrease. Therefore, it is preferable to make steel slab heating temperature into 1250 degrees C or less. More preferably, it is 1200 ° C. or less.
- the plate thickness may be set according to the required thickness of the line pipe, and is not particularly limited.
- the rolling finish temperature (finishing temperature) is set to 830 to 1000 ° C. in order to obtain a predetermined surface layer metal structure and an internal metal structure by accelerated cooling after finish rolling. Since it is difficult to obtain the surface layer metallographic structure and the internal metallographic structure when the rolling end temperature is less than 830 ° C., the finish rolling temperature is preferably 830 ° C. or higher. More preferably, it is 850 ° C. or higher. On the other hand, when the rolling finish temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., the crystal grains become coarse and the low temperature toughness decreases. Therefore, the rolling end temperature is preferably set to 1000 ° C. or less. More preferably, it is 900 ° C. or less.
- Cooling start temperature Ts 750 to 950 ° C.
- Cooling stop temperature Tf 400 to 650 ° C
- Average cooling rate Vc 15 to 100 ° C / sec Number of times of recuperation: 2 times or more
- Temperature rise due to recuperation 5 to 65 ° C (excluding the recuperation after the last water cooling stop)
- the surface temperature of the steel plate after the end of hot rolling is from the temperature range of 750 to 950 ° C. to the temperature range of 400 to 650 ° C., and the average cooling rate is 15 to 100 ° C./sec. Accelerated cooling so as to include two or more recuperations in which the temperature rise is 5 to 65 ° C.
- Accelerated cooling sandwiching the heat recovery on the way adjusts the water volume of the cooling water injected to the steel plate for each cooling zone in the cooling facility where the cooling zone is divided into multiple parts in the longitudinal direction (conveyance direction) of the steel plate Can be done.
- FIG. 1 An example of the cooling curve of a steel plate is shown in FIG. From the top, the four cooling curves are the cooling curve at the center of the plate thickness (1/2 plate thickness), the cooling curve at the position 1 ⁇ 4 of the plate thickness from the surface (t / 4 portion), and the depth 1 from the surface It is a cooling curve of the part of 0 mm, and a cooling curve of a steel plate surface.
- the entire steel plate is accelerated and cooled so as to include three recuperations on the way from 830 ° C. of the cooling start temperature (Ts) to about 620 ° C. in about 10 seconds.
- the cooling start temperature Ts and the cooling stop temperature Tf are the points shown, and the average cooling rate Vc is the temperature change ⁇ T (cooling start temperature Ts-cooling stop temperature Tf) and the cooling time ⁇ t (water cooling is performed It is obtained by dividing it by
- the cooling start temperature Ts is less than 750 ° C.
- coarse ferrite is formed after rolling in the surface layer metallographic structure, and a high hardness structure such as martensite is generated as the remaining portion.
- SSC resistance deteriorates.
- the cooling start temperature Ts is less than 750 ° C.
- the ferrite fraction in the internal metallographic structure becomes excessive, and the hardness of the hardened phase also becomes high. Therefore, it is preferable to set the cooling start temperature Ts to 750 ° C. or higher. More preferably, it is 780 ° C. or higher.
- the cooling start temperature Ts exceeds 950 ° C.
- the maximum hardness of the surface layer metal structure exceeds 270 Hv and the SSC resistance is lowered even if the heat recovery is performed twice or more. Therefore, it is preferable to set the cooling start temperature Ts to 950 ° C. or less. More preferably, it is 880 ° C. or less.
- the cooling stop temperature Tf is preferably 400 ° C. or more. More preferably, it is 480 degreeC or more.
- the cooling stop temperature Tf exceeds 650 ° C.
- the average hardness of the internal metallographic structure may be less than 150 Hv, and the predetermined strength may not be satisfied.
- a locally hard tissue is formed, which may lower the SSC resistance and the HIC resistance. Therefore, the cooling stop temperature Tf is preferably set to 650 ° C. or less. More preferably, it is 580 ° C. or less.
- the average cooling rate Vc is less than 15 ° C./sec, polygonal ferrite having an area ratio of more than 70% is formed in the surface layer metallographic structure. In addition, in the internal metallographic structure, polygonal ferrite having an area ratio of more than 40% is formed. In that case, since the strength as a line pipe can not be secured, the average cooling rate Vc is preferably 15 ° C./second or more. More preferably, it is 25 ° C./second or more. On the other hand, when the average cooling rate Vc exceeds 100 ° C./sec, martensitic transformation occurs, the hardness of the surface layer metal structure exceeds 270 Hv, and the SSC resistance decreases.
- the average cooling rate Vc is preferably 100 ° C./second or less. More preferably, it is 80 ° C./second or less.
- the hardness of the surface layer metal structure exceeds 270 Hv and the SSC resistance decreases when the number of times of recuperation where the recuperation temperature during accelerated cooling is within the predetermined range is one or less. Therefore, the number of heat recovery is two or more.
- count of 3 times of heat recovery was shown in FIG. 2, the frequency
- cooling in a film boiling state is performed to generate a predetermined structure.
- cooling is performed so as not to completely reheat during water cooling during the water cooling so that the temperature rise due to the heat recovery is 65 ° C. or less. If the temperature rise due to recuperation is over 65 ° C., coarse ferrite will be formed, and a predetermined structure can not be obtained. On the other hand, if the temperature rise due to recuperation is less than 5 ° C., the recuperation effect can not be obtained. Therefore, it is preferable to set the temperature rise width by recuperation to 5 to 65 ° C. More preferably, it is 10 to 65 ° C. However, it is not necessary to set the temperature rise width to 5 to 65 ° C. for the final recuperation after stopping the water cooling.
- the first heat recovery When the heat recovery is performed twice or more at 5 to 65 ° C., it is preferable to perform the first heat recovery so that the steel sheet surface temperature after the heat recovery becomes 500 ° C. or more. Even if the steel sheet surface after the first heat recovery is less than 500 ° C., it is possible to secure the surface layer metal structure having excellent SSC resistance and the internal metal structure having excellent HIC resistance, but it is excellent. In order to stably secure the surface layer metal structure having SSC resistance and the internal metal structure having excellent HIC resistance, the first recuperation is performed, and the steel sheet surface temperature after recuperation is 500 ° C. or higher. It is preferable to do so.
- the temperature difference between the surface layer portion (surface temperature) of the steel sheet and the inside (center temperature) of the steel sheet disappears at about 620 ° C., and the steel sheet temperature is stabilized.
- the forming of the steel pipe according to the present embodiment is not limited to a specific forming. Although warm working can also be used, cold working is preferred in terms of dimensional accuracy.
- both ends of the cylindrically shaped steel plate are butted and welded.
- the welds are also not limited to a particular weld, but submerged arc welding (SAW) is preferred.
- SAW submerged arc welding
- the welding conditions may be performed under known conditions in accordance with the plate thickness and the like.
- the welded portion may be subjected to a heat treatment (seam heat treatment) so as not to generate a structure (ferrite and pearlite exceeding 10% in area ratio) that reduces the toughness of the welded portion.
- the heat treatment temperature may be a normal temperature range, but a range of 300 to Ac 1 point is preferable.
- the metal structure of the base material portion is the same as the metal structure of the steel plate according to the present embodiment.
- the base material portion of the steel pipe according to the present embodiment receives the metallographic structure of the steel plate according to the present embodiment, and has mechanical characteristics for line pipe and excellent on-site weldability.
- the weldability of the steel pipe concerning this embodiment is excellent in the weldability of the steel plate concerning this embodiment, it is a weld part excellent in mechanical characteristics. Therefore, the steel pipe according to the present embodiment is a steel pipe suitable as a steel pipe for line pipe.
- Example 1 A steel sheet having a chemical composition and Ceq shown in Table 1 was hot-rolled and cooled under the conditions shown in Table 2 to produce a steel plate.
- the number of times of recuperation is the number of times of recuperation where a temperature rise of 5 ° C. or more occurred.
- the maximum recuperation temperature range is the temperature rise width in recuperation where the temperature rise width was the largest.
- Test specimens are collected from the manufactured steel plate, and the surface layer metal structure (0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm position) and internal metal structure (t / 4 position) are magnified by 1000 times using SEM.
- the polygonal ferrite, granular bainite, and the fraction (area ratio) of the remaining portion were calculated.
- the remaining portion of the surface layer metal structure was bainite and / or pseudo-perlite, and the remaining portion of the internal metal structure was both granular bainite, bainite and / or pseudo-perlite.
- JIS No. 5 tensile test pieces were prepared, and a tensile test prescribed in JIS Z 2241 was performed to measure the yield strength and the tensile strength.
- the hardness was also measured using a Vickers hardness tester.
- depths of 0.1 to 1.0 mm were measured from the surface layer at intervals of 0.1 mm with a load of 100 g at the same depth of 10 points.
- a depth of 1.2 mm from the surface layer and a thickness center of 0.2 mm were measured at a load of 1 kg at the same depth of 10 points. From this result, the maximum hardness was obtained for the surface layer metal structure, and the maximum hardness and the average hardness were obtained for the internal metal structure.
- test piece was extract
- HIC resistance A test based on TM0284 of NACE (National Association of Corrosion and Engineer) is performed to observe the occurrence of HIC (hydrogen induced cracking), and if the HIC area ratio is 5% or less, the HIC resistance When it was superior (OK) and more than 5%, it was evaluated as inferior to HIC resistance (NG).
- the NACE test saturates hydrogen sulfide gas in a solution of 5% NaCl solution + 0.5% acetic acid, pH 2.7, immerses the steel plate in the solution, and observes whether cracking occurs after 96 hours It is a test.
- test piece to which a stress equivalent to 90% of 0.2% proof stress derived from a tensile test was applied in a four-point bending test was added with 5% sodium chloride + 0.m at room temperature (24 ° C.) saturated with 1 atm hydrogen sulfide gas.
- the test piece was immersed in an aqueous solution of 5% acetic acid, pH 2.7 for 720 hours, and the surface of the test piece was observed at a magnification of 10 times in order to determine the presence or absence of generation of SSC.
- Example 2 The steel plates shown in Table 3 were formed into a tubular shape by C press, U press, and O press, and the end faces were tack welded, main welding was performed from the inner and outer surfaces, and after pipe expansion, a steel pipe for line pipe was made. Submerged arc welding was applied to this welding.
- Steel plate manufacturing No. And No. of steel pipe manufacture. Are related, for example, manufacture no. T1 steel pipe is manufactured by No. Manufactured using the steel plate of S1, manufacture No. T2 steel pipe is manufactured by No. It shows that it manufactured using the steel plate of S2.
- Test specimens are collected from the manufactured steel plate, and the surface layer metal structure (0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm position) and internal metal structure (t / 4 position) are magnified using a scanning electron microscope. It observed by 1000 times and calculated the percentage (area ratio) of polygonal ferrite, granular bainite, and the remainder. Further, JIS No. 5 tensile test pieces were prepared, and a tensile test prescribed in JIS Z 2241 was performed to measure the yield strength and the tensile strength.
- the hardness was also measured with a Vickers hardness tester.
- the surface layer metallographic structure was measured at a depth of 0.1 to 1.0 mm from the surface layer at intervals of 0.1 mm, 10 points at the same depth, and a load of 100 g.
- the internal metallographic structure it was measured at a load of 1 kg with 10 points at the same depth at an interval of 0.2 mm from the surface to a depth of 1.2 mm and the plate thickness center.
- test piece was extract
- HIC resistance A test based on TM0284 of NACE (National Association of Corrosion and Engineer) was conducted to observe the occurrence of HIC (hydrogen induced cracking), HIC area ratio not more than 5%, HIC resistance Excellent (OK) and more than 5% were evaluated as inferior to HIC resistance (NG).
- the NACE test saturates hydrogen sulfide gas in a solution of 5% NaCl solution + 0.5% acetic acid, pH 2.7, immerses the steel plate in the solution, and observes whether cracking occurs after 96 hours It is a test.
- test piece to which a stress equivalent to 90% of 0.2% proof stress derived from a tensile test was applied in a four-point bending test was added with 5% sodium chloride + 0.m at room temperature (24 ° C.) saturated with 1 atm hydrogen sulfide gas.
- the test piece was immersed in an aqueous solution of 5% acetic acid, pH 2.7 for 720 hours, and the surface of the test piece was observed at a magnification of 10 times in order to determine the presence or absence of generation of SSC. Those that did not generate SSC were passed (OK), and those that generated SSC were rejected (NG).
- Table 4 The results are shown in Table 4.
- a steel plate for line pipe having a strength of X52 to 70 according to API standard and excellent in SSC resistance and HIC resistance, and SSC resistance and HIC resistance using the steel plate as a base material It is possible to provide a steel pipe for line pipe which is excellent in the properties. Therefore, the present invention has high availability in the steel plate manufacturing industry and the energy industry.
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Abstract
Description
Ceq=[C]+[Mn]/6+([Ni]+[Cu])/15+([Cr]+[Mo]+[V])/5・・・(i)
ここで、式中の[C]、[Mn]、[Ni]、[Cu]、[Cr]、[Mo]、[V]は、C、Mn、Ni、Cu、Cr、Mo、Vの質量%での含有量である。
筒状の鋼板からなる母材部と、前記鋼板の突合せ部に設けられ、前記鋼板の長手方向に延在する溶接部とを有し、
前記鋼板は、化学組成として、質量%で、C:0.030~0.070%、Si:0.005~0.50%、Mn:1.05~1.65%、Al:0.010~0.070%、Ti:0.005~0.020%、Nb:0.005~0.045%、Ca:0.0010~0.0050%、N:0.0015~0.0070%を含み、P:0.015%以下、S:0.0015%以下、O:0.0040%以下、に制限し、必要に応じて、Ni:0.05~0.50%、Mo:0.05~0.50%、Cr:0.05~0.50%、Cu:0.05~0.50%、V:0.010~0.100%、Mg:0.0001~0.0100%、REM:0.0001~0.0100%の1種又は2種以上を含み、残部:Fe及び不純物からなり、好ましくはCeq=[C]+[Mn]/6+([Ni]+[Cu])/15+([Cr]+[Mo]+[V])/5で表されるCeqが0.300~0.400であり、
前記母材部の表面から深さ方向に1.0mmまでの範囲の金属組織である表層部金属組織が、ポリゴナルフェライトとグラニュラーベイナイトとを含み、前記表層部金属組織における前記ポリゴナルフェライトの面積率が0~70%、前記ポリゴナルフェライトと前記グラニュラーベイナイトとの合計の面積率が50%以上であり、残部がベイナイト(焼き戻しベイナイトも含む)、疑似パーライトまたはそれらの混合物を含む場合があり、
前記表層部金属組織における、最大硬度が270Hv以下、好ましくは250Hv以下であり、
前記母材部の前記表面から深さ方向に1.0mm超から板厚中心までの範囲の金属組織である内部金属組織が、面積率で40%以下のポリゴナルフェライトを含み、残部がグラニュラーベイナイト、ベイナイト、疑似パーライトまたはそれらの混合物を含む場合があり、
前記内部金属組織における、最大硬度が248Hv以下であり、平均硬度が150~220Hvである。
また、本発明の一実施形態に係る鋼板(以下、本実施形態に係る鋼板という。)は、上記鋼管の母材部に用いられる鋼板である。
(I)化学組成
本実施形態に係る鋼管の母材部(本実施形態に係る鋼板)の化学組成の限定理由について説明する。以下、化学組成に係る%は、質量%を意味する。
Cは、鋼の強度向上に必要な元素である。C含有量が0.030%未満であると、強度向上効果が十分に得られない。そのため、C含有量は0.030%以上とする。好ましくは0.040%以上である。
一方、C含有量が0.070%を超えると、鋼の強度が上昇しすぎるとともに、表層部金属組織及び内部金属組織、特に、中心偏析部の硬度が248Hvを超えて、耐SSC性、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、C含有量は0.070%以下とする。溶接性、靱性等の低下を抑制する点で、C含有量は0.050%以下が好ましい。
Siは、製鋼時、脱酸材として機能する元素である。また、製鋼段階で、不可避的に混入する元素である。Si含有量が0.005%未満であると、上記効果が十分に得られない。そのため、Si含有量は0.005%以上とする。脱酸効果を十分に得る点で、0.050%以上とすることが好ましい。
一方、Si含有量が0.50%を超えると、溶接熱影響部(HAZ)の靱性が低下する。そのため、Si含有量は0.50%以下とする。好ましくは0.35%以下である。
Mnは、鋼の強度及び靱性の向上に寄与する元素である。Mn含有量が1.05%未満であると、強度及び靱性の向上効果が十分に得られない。そのため、Mn含有量は1.05%以上とする。好ましくは1.15%以上である。
一方、Mn含有量が1.65%を超えると、耐HIC性を劣化させるMnSが多量に生成されるとともに、内部金属組織、特に中心偏析部の硬度が248Hvを超えて、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、Mn含有量は1.65%以下とする。好ましくは1.50%以下である。
Alは、脱酸のために添加する元素である。Al含有量が0.010%未満であると、上記効果が十分に得られない。そのため、Al含有量は0.010%以上とする。好ましくは0.020%以上である。
一方、Al含有量が0.070%を超えると、Al酸化物が集積してクラスターが生成し、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、Al含有量は0.070%以下とする。好ましくは0.045%以下である。
Tiは、Nと結合して窒化物を形成する元素である。この窒化物は、結晶粒の微細化に寄与する。Ti含有量が0.005%未満であると、上記効果が十分に得られない。そのため、Ti含有量は0.005%以上とする。好ましくは0.008%以上である。
一方、Ti含有量が0.020%を超えると、粗大な窒化物が生成し、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、Ti含有量は0.020%以下とする。好ましくは0.015%以下である。
Nbは、未再結晶温度域を拡大して結晶粒を微細にするとともに、炭化物や窒化物を形成して、鋼の強度の向上に寄与する元素である。Nb含有量が0.005%未満であると、上記効果が十分に得られない。そのため、Nb含有量は0.005%以上とする。好ましくは0.010%以上である。
一方、Nb含有量が0.045%を超えると、粗大な炭化物や窒化物が生成し、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、Nb含有量は0.045%以下とする。好ましくは0.035%以下である。
Caは、Sと結合してCaSを生成し、圧延方向に伸長するMnSの生成を抑制することによって、耐HIC性の向上に寄与する元素である。Ca含有量が0.0010%未満であると、上記効果が十分に得られない。そのため、Ca含有量は0.0010%以上とする。好ましくは0.0020%以上である。
一方、Ca含有量が0.0050%を超えると、Ca酸化物が集積し、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、Ca含有量は0.0050%以下とする。好ましくは0.0040%以下である。
Nは、窒化物を形成し、加熱時のオーステナイト粒の粗大化抑制に寄与する元素である。N含有量が0.0015%未満であると、上記効果が十分に得られない。そのため、N含有量は0.0015%以上とする。好ましくは0.0020%以上である。
一方、N含有量が0.0070%を超えると、粗大な炭窒化物が生成し、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、N含有量は0.0070%以下とする。好ましくは0.0050%以下である。
Niは、鋼の靱性及び強度の向上、並びに耐食性の向上に寄与する元素である。これらの効果を得る場合、Ni含有量は0.05%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.10%以上である。
一方、Ni含有量が0.50%を超えると、強度が上昇しすぎて、靱性が低下する上、表面の粒界選択腐食により、耐SSC性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、Ni含有量は0.50%以下とする。好ましくは0.35%以下である。
Moは、鋼の焼入れ性の向上に寄与する元素である。この効果を得る場合、Mo含有量は0.05%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.10%以上である。一方、Mo含有量が0.50%を超えると、強度が上昇しすぎて、靱性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、Mo含有量は0.50%以下とする。好ましくは0.35%以下である。
Crは、鋼の強度の向上に寄与する元素である。この効果を得る場合、Cr含有量は0.05%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.10%以上である。一方、Cr含有量が0.50%を超えると、強度が上昇しすぎて、靱性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、Cr含有量は0.50%以下とする。好ましくは0.35%以下である。
Cuは、鋼の強度の向上及び耐食性の向上に寄与する元素である。これらの効果を得る場合、Cu含有量は0.05%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.10%以上である。一方、Cu含有量が0.50%を超えると、強度が上昇しすぎて、靱性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、Cu含有量は0.50%以下とする。好ましくは0.35%以下である。
Vは、炭化物及び/又は窒化物を形成することによって、鋼の強度の向上に寄与する元素である。この効果を得る場合、V含有量は0.010%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.030%以上である。一方、V含有量が0.100%を超えると、靱性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、V含有量は0.100%以下とする。好ましくは0.080%以下である。
Mgは、微細な酸化物を形成して結晶粒の粗大化を抑制することによって、鋼の靭性の向上に寄与する元素である。この効果を得る場合、Mg含有量は0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.0010%以上である。
一方、Mg含有量が0.0100%を超えると、酸化物が凝集、粗大化して、耐HIC性及び靱性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、Mg含有量は0.0100%以下とする。好ましくは0.0050%以下である。
REMは、硫化物系介在物の形態を制御することによって、耐SSC性、耐HIC性及び靱性の向上に寄与する元素である。これらの効果を得るため、REM含有量は0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.0010%以上である。
一方、REM含有量が0.0100%を超えると、酸化物が生成して鋼の清浄度が低下し、その結果、耐HIC性及び靱性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、REM含有量は0.0100%以下とする。好ましくは0.0060%以下である。
本実施形態において、REMとは、希土類元素を意味し、Sc、Yおよびランタノイドの17元素の総称であり、REM含有量は、これらの17元素の合計含有量を示す。
不純物とは、鋼材を工業的に製造する際に、鉱石若しくはスクラップ等のような原料から、又は製造工程の種々の環境から混入する成分であって、鋼に悪影響を与えない範囲で許容されるものを意味する。
不純物のうち、特にP、S、O、Sb、Sn、Co、As、Pb、Bi、Hについては、後述する範囲に制御することが好ましい。
Pは、不純物元素であり、その含有量が少ないほど好ましい元素である。P含有量が0.015%を超えると、耐HIC性が著しく低下する。そのため、P含有量は0.015%以下とする。好ましくは0.010%以下である。
P含有量は少ないほど好ましいので、下限は0%を含む。しかしながら、P含有量を0.003%未満に低減すると、製造コストが大幅に上昇するので、実用鋼板上、0.003%がP含有量の実質的な下限である。
Sは、熱間圧延時に圧延方向に延伸するMnSを形成する元素である。この延伸したMnSは、耐HIC性を低下させる。S含有量が0.0015%を超えると、耐HIC性が著しく低下する。そのため、S含有量は0.0015%以下とする。好ましくは0.0010%以下である。
S含有量は少ないほど好ましいので、下限は0%を含む。しかしながら、S含有量を0.0001%未満に低減すると、製造コストが大幅に上昇するので、実用鋼板上、0.0001%がS含有量の実質的な上限である。
Oは、脱酸後、不可避的に残留する元素であり、その含有量が少ないほど好ましい。O含有量が0.0040%を超えると、酸化物が多量に生成して、耐HIC性が著しく低下する。そのため、O含有量は0.0040%以下とする。好ましくは0.0030%以下である。
O含有量は少ないほど好ましいので、下限は0%を含む。しかしながら、O含有量を0.0010%未満に低減すると、製造コストが大幅に上昇するので、実用鋼板上、0.0010%がO含有量の実質的な下限である。
本実施形態に係る鋼管では、強度、耐SSC性、及び、耐HIC性をさらに高めるため、鋼管の母材部に用いる鋼板の化学組成について、各元素の含有量だけでなく、下記式(1)で定義するCeq(炭素当量)を0.400以下とする。
Ceq=[C]+[Mn]/6+([Ni]+[Cu])/15+([Cr]+[Mo]+[V])/5・・・(1)
式中の[C]、[Mn]、[Ni]、[Cu]、[Cr]、[Mo]、[V]は、C、Mn、Ni、Cu、Cr、Mo、Vの含有量(質量%)である。
次に、本実施形態に係る鋼管の母材部の金属組織(含まれる組織及び硬度)について説明する。
表層部において、ポリゴナルフェライトの面積率が70%を超える場合、残部に高濃度のCが集積して硬化領域が形成され、その結果、耐SSC性が劣化する。そのため、ポリゴナルフェライトの面積率は70%以下とする。好ましくは50%以下である。また、耐SSC性を確保するため、ポリゴナルフェライトとグラニュラーベイナイトとの合計面積率を50%以上とする。
本実施形態において、ポリゴナルフェライトは、粒内に粗大なセメンタイトやMAなどの粗大な析出物を含まない塊状の組織として観察される組織である。
ベイナイトは、旧オーステナイト粒界が明瞭で、粒内は細かいラス組織が発達しており、ラス内、ラス間に細かい炭化物およびオーステナイト・マルテンサイト混成物が散在している組織である。ここで、ベイナイトには、焼戻しベイナイトも含む。
グラニュラーベイナイトは、旧オーステナイト粒界が不明瞭で、粒内は針状形状のフェライト(炭化物もオーステナイト・マルテンサイト混成物は存在しない)がランダムな結晶方位で生成している組織であるアシキュラーフェライトと、ベイナイトとの中間の変態温度で生成し、部分的に旧オーステナイト粒界が見え、粒内に粗いラス組織が存在し、ラス内、ラス間に細かい炭化物およびオーステナイト・マルテンサイト混成物が散在する部分と、旧オーステナイト粒界が不明瞭で針状または不定形のフェライトの部分とが混在する組織である。
疑似パーライトとは、セメンタイトが列状に並んだパーライトである。
図4に、鋼板の表面から0.5mmの金属組織(走査電子顕微鏡で撮像:倍率1000倍)の一例を示す。図4において、滑らかな曲線に囲まれ内部が平滑な部分がポリゴナルフェライトであり、内部に白い点々が存在する部分がグラニュラーベイナイトである。
まず、鋼板の幅方向の端部(鋼管の場合には、突合せ部に相当)から鋼板の幅方向に鋼板の幅の1/4、1/2及び3/4の位置(鋼管でいうと、溶接部を0時とした場合の、それぞれ3時、6時及び9時の位置)から300mm角の鋼板をガス切断で切り出し、切り出した鋼板の中心から、長さ20mm、幅20mmのブロック試験片を機械切断によって採取し、機械研磨で研磨する。この各ブロック試験片について、ビッカース硬度計(荷重:100g)で、表面から0.1mmを始点として、板厚方向に0.1mm間隔で10点、同一深さについて幅方向1.0mm間隔で10点、合計100点測定する。上記測定の結果、いずれの試験片においても、270Hvを超える測定点が板厚方向に2点以上連続して現れなければ、表層部金属組織の最大硬度は270Hv以下であると判断する。
板厚方向に連続して2点以上270Hvを超える測定点が存在する場合、その硬度は異常値ではなく、硬度の高い組織が形成されており、耐SSC性が低下するので許容されない。しかしながら、本実施形態では、270Hvを超える測定点が1点存在しても、板厚方向に2点以上連続して現れなければ、その点は異常点であるとして採用せず、次に高い値を最大硬度とする。板厚方向に連続して2点以上270Hvを超える測定点が存在する場合には、それらの最も高い値を最大硬度として採用する。
内部金属組織において、ポリゴナルフェライトの面積率が40%を超えると、所要の強度及び耐HIC性の確保が難しくなる。そのため、ポリゴナルフェライトの面積率は40%以下とする。好ましくは30%以下、より好ましくは25%以下である。
図5に、t/4の位置の金属組織(走査電子顕微鏡で撮像:倍率1000倍)の一例を示す。図5において、滑らかな曲線に囲まれ内部が平滑な部分がポリゴナルフェライトである。また、内部に白い点々または線が見える部分はグラニュラーベイナイトまたは疑似パーライトであり、ギザギザの白い線で囲まれ、内部に薄く模様が見えているのがベイナイトである。
鋼板の幅方向の端部(鋼管の場合には、突合せ部に相当)から鋼板の幅方向に1/4、1/2及び3/4の位置(鋼管でいうと、溶接部を0時とした場合の、それぞれ3時、6時及び9時の位置)から300mm角の鋼板をガス切断で切り出し、切り出した鋼板の中心から、長さ20mm、幅20mmのブロック試験片を機械切断によって採取し、機械研磨で研磨する。この各ブロック試験片について、ビッカース硬度計(荷重:1kg)で、表面から1.2mmの深さ位置を始点として、板厚方向に0.2mm間隔、かつ、同一深さについて幅方向1.0mm間隔で10点硬度を測定する。上記測定の結果、248Hvを超える測定点が板厚方向に2点以上連続して現れなければ、表層部金属組織の最大硬度は248Hv以下であると判断する。
本実施形態に係る鋼管の母材では、局所的には、高い硬度の値(異常値)が現れる場合がある。しかしながら、このような異常値が現れても、耐HIC性は確保できる。一方、板厚方向に連続して2点以上248Hvを超える測定点が存在する場合、耐HIC性が低下するので許容されない。したがって、本実施形態では、248Hvを超える測定点が1点存在しても、板厚方向に2点以上連続して現れなければ、その点は異常点であるとして採用せず、次に高い値を最大硬度とする。一方、板厚方向に連続して2点以上248Hvを超える測定点が存在する場合には、それらの最も高い値を最大硬度として採用する。
また、平均硬度は、全ての測定点の硬度を平均して算出する。
本実施形態に係る鋼管は、本実施形態に係る鋼板を筒状に加工し、筒状鋼板の両端部(鋼板の幅方向端部)を突き合せて、溶接することによって得られる。そのため、図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る鋼管1は、鋼板2の突合せ部に設けられ、鋼板の長手方向に延在する溶接部3を有する。溶接部3は、通常、鋼板2の長手方向の端部からもう一方の端部まで連続的に設けられる。
一般に、鋼管溶接において、溶接部は母材部よりも厚みが大きくなるように施工される。また、溶接金属は母材よりも高合金であり、耐食性も高い。そのため、溶接部が破壊の起点になることはほとんどない。したがって、本実施形態に係る鋼管の溶接部は、SAW溶接等で、通常の条件で得られたものであれば、特に限定されない。
すなわち、本実施形態に係る鋼板は、
(i)所定の化学組成を有する鋼片を1050~1250℃に加熱して熱間圧延に供し、830~1000℃で熱間圧延を終了する熱間圧延工程、
(ii)熱間圧延終了後の鋼板を、表面温度が750~950℃の温度域から400~650℃の温度域まで、平均冷却速度15~100℃/秒で、かつ途中の復熱による温度上昇が5~65℃となる、2回以上の復熱を行うように加速冷却する加速冷却工程、
を含む製造方法によって得られる。
また、本実施形態に係る鋼管は、上記(i)、(ii)に加えて、
(iii)上記によって得られた本実施形態に係る鋼板を、筒状に成形する成形工程、
(iv)筒状になった鋼板の両端部を突き合せて溶接する溶接工程、
をさらに含む製造方法によって得られる。
以下、各工程について、好ましい条件を説明する。
鋼片加熱温度:1050~1250℃
本実施形態に係る鋼管の母材と同じ化学組成を有する溶鋼を鋳造して製造した鋼片を、1050~1250℃に加熱して熱間圧延に供する。熱間圧延に先立つ溶鋼の鋳造及び鋼片の製造は常法に従って行えばよい。
鋼片加熱温度が1050℃未満であると、未固溶の粗大なNb及びTiの炭窒化物が生成し、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、鋼片加熱温度は1050℃以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは1100℃以上である。一方、鋼片加熱温度が1250℃を超えると、結晶粒径が大きくなり低温靭性が低下する。また、オーステナイト粒径が粗大化し、焼入れ性が過剰に高くなった結果、表層部金属組織及び内部金属組織において硬化相が形成され、耐SSC性、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、鋼片加熱温度は1250℃以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは1200℃以下である。
仕上げ圧延後の加速冷却によって、所定の表層部金属組織、及び、内部金属組織を得るため、圧延終了温度(仕上温度)を830~1000℃とする。圧延終了温度が830℃未満であると、上記表層部金属組織及び内部金属組織を得ることが難しいので、仕上げ圧延温度は830℃以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは850℃以上である。
一方、圧延終了温度が1000℃を超えると、結晶粒が粗大化し、低温靭性が低下する。そのため、圧延終了温度は1000℃以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは900℃以下である。
冷却開始温度Ts:750~950℃
冷却停止温度Tf:400~650℃
平均冷却速度Vc:15~100℃/秒
復熱回数:2回以上
復熱による温度上昇:5~65℃(最終の水冷停止後の復熱を除く)
この冷却において、冷却開始温度Ts、冷却停止温度Tfは図示される点であり、平均冷却速度Vcは、温度変化ΔT(冷却開始温度Ts-冷却停止温度Tf)を冷却時間Δt(水冷を実施している時間)で除することで求められる。
一方、冷却開始温度Tsが950℃を超えると、復熱を2回以上行っても、表層部金属組織の最大硬度が270Hvを超えて、耐SSC性が低下する。そのため、冷却開始温度Tsは950℃以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは880℃以下である。
一方、平均冷却速度Vcが100℃/秒を超えると、マルテンサイト変態が生じ、表層部金属組織の硬度が270Hvを超えて、耐SSC性が低下する。また、内部金属組織の最大硬度が248Hvを超えて、耐HIC性が低下する。そのため、平均冷却速度Vcは100℃/秒以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは80℃/秒以下である。
図2には、復熱回数3回の冷却曲線を示したが、復熱回数は、冷却開始温度と冷却停止温度の間で、鋼種や通板速度に応じて適宜定めればよい。
本実施形態に係る鋼管の成形は、特定の成形に限定されない。温間加工も用いることができるが、寸法精度の点で、冷間加工が好ましい。
次に、筒状に成形した鋼板の両端部を突き合せて溶接する。溶接も、特定の溶接に限定されないが、サブマージドアーク溶接(SAW)が好ましい。溶接条件は、板厚等に応じて公知の条件で行えばよい。
表1に示す化学組成とCeqとを有する鋼片を、表2に示す条件で、熱間圧延及び冷却し、鋼板を製造した。表2において、復熱回数は、5℃以上の温度上昇があった復熱の回数である。また、最大復熱温度幅とは、最も温度上昇幅の大きかった復熱における温度上昇幅である。
また、JIS5号引張試験片を作製し、JIS Z 2241に規定の引張試験を行い、降伏強度と引張強度とを測定した。
NACE(National Association of Corrosion and Engineer)のTM0284に準拠した試験を行い、HIC(水素誘起割れ)の発生の有無を観察し、HIC面積率が5%以下であれば耐HIC性が優れている(OK)、5%超であれば耐HIC特性に劣る(NG)と評価した。
鋼板から、幅15mm、長さ115mmの全厚試験片を幅方向から採取し、NACEのTM0284m、ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) G39に準拠した4点曲げ試験により、耐SSC性を評価した。
表3に示す鋼板を、Cプレス、Uプレス、及びOプレスによって管状に成形し、端面を仮付け溶接し、内外面から本溶接を行った後、拡管後、ラインパイプ用の鋼管とした。本溶接には、サブマージドアーク溶接を適用した。鋼板の製造No.と鋼管の製造No.は関連しており、例えば、製造No.T1の鋼管は、製造No.S1の鋼板を用いて製造され、製造No.T2の鋼管は、製造No.S2の鋼板を用いて製造されたことを示している。
また、JIS5号引張試験片を作製し、JIS Z 2241に規定の引張試験を行い、降伏強度と引張強度とを測定した。
NACE(National Association of Corrosion and Engineer)のTM0284に準拠した試験を行い、HIC(水素誘起割れ)の発生の有無を観察し、HIC面積率が5%以下を、耐HIC性が優れている(OK)、5%超を耐HIC性に劣る(NG)と評価した。
鋼板から、幅15mm、長さ115mmの全厚試験片を幅方向(圧延方向に直角方向)から採取し、NACEのTM0284m、ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) G39に準拠した4点曲げ試験により、耐SSC性を評価した。
2 鋼板(母材部)
3 溶接部
Claims (4)
- 筒状の鋼板からなる母材部と、
前記鋼板の突合せ部に設けられ、前記鋼板の長手方向に延在する溶接部と、
を有し、
前記鋼板は、化学組成として、質量%で、
C :0.030~0.070%、
Si:0.005~0.50%、
Mn:1.05~1.65%、
Al:0.010~0.070%、
Ti:0.005~0.020%、
Nb:0.005~0.045%、
Ca:0.0010~0.0050%、
N :0.0015~0.0070%、
Ni:0~0.50%、
Mo:0~0.50%、
Cr:0~0.50%、
Cu:0~0.50%、
V :0~0.100%、
Mg:0~0.0100%、
REM:0~0.0100%、
を含み、
P :0.015%以下、
S :0.0015%以下、
O :0.0040%以下、
に制限し、
残部:Fe及び不純物からなり、
前記化学組成において、下記式(1)で定めるCeqが0.300~0.400であり、
前記母材部の表面から深さ方向に1.0mmまでの範囲の金属組織である表層部金属組織が、ポリゴナルフェライトとグラニュラーベイナイトとを含み、前記表層部金属組織における前記ポリゴナルフェライトの面積率が0~70%、前記ポリゴナルフェライトと前記グラニュラーベイナイトとの合計の面積率が50%以上であり、
前記表層部金属組織における、最大硬度が270Hv以下であり、
前記母材部の前記表面から深さ方向に1.0mm超から板厚中心までの範囲の金属組織である内部金属組織が、面積率で40%以下のポリゴナルフェライトを含み、
前記内部金属組織における、最大硬度が248Hv以下であり、平均硬度が150~220Hvである
ことを特徴とする鋼管。
Ceq=[C]+[Mn]/6+([Ni]+[Cu])/15+([Cr]+[Mo]+[V])/5・・・(1)
ここで、式中の[C]、[Mn]、[Ni]、[Cu]、[Cr]、[Mo]、[V]は、C、Mn、Ni、Cu、Cr、Mo、Vの質量%での含有量である。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Ni:0.05~0.50%、
Mo:0.05~0.50%、
Cr:0.05~0.50%、
Cu:0.05~0.50%、
V :0.010~0.100%、
Mg:0.0001~0.0100%、
REM:0.0001~0.0100%
の1種又は2種以上を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼管。 - 前記表層部金属組織の残部が、ベイナイト及び疑似パーライトの1種または2種からなり、
前記内部金属組織の残部が、グラニュラーベイナイト、ベイナイト及び疑似パーライトの1種または2種以上からなる
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の鋼管。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の鋼管の前記母材部に用いることを特徴とする鋼板。
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| CN201780094849.1A CN111094608B (zh) | 2017-09-19 | 2017-09-19 | 钢管和钢板 |
| JP2018502833A JP6319539B1 (ja) | 2017-09-19 | 2017-09-19 | 鋼管及び鋼板 |
| PCT/JP2017/033706 WO2019058420A1 (ja) | 2017-09-19 | 2017-09-19 | 鋼管及び鋼板 |
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| JP (1) | JP6319539B1 (ja) |
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| WO2021144953A1 (ja) | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-22 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼板および鋼管 |
| TWI762881B (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-05-01 | 日商Jfe鋼鐵股份有限公司 | 電焊鋼管及其製造方法以及鋼管樁 |
| KR20220131992A (ko) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-09-29 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 강관 및 강판 |
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| EP3816311B1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2023-04-26 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel pipe and steel sheet |
| JP7119888B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-19 | 2022-08-17 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Uoe鋼管用鋼板およびその製造方法 |
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| KR20220098786A (ko) | 2020-01-17 | 2022-07-12 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 강판 및 강관 |
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| JP7295470B2 (ja) | 2020-01-17 | 2023-06-21 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼板および鋼管 |
| CN114846163B (zh) * | 2020-01-17 | 2023-10-24 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 钢板和钢管 |
| KR20220131992A (ko) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-09-29 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 강관 및 강판 |
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| KR102792300B1 (ko) | 2020-03-04 | 2025-04-08 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 강관 및 강판 |
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| CN111094608B (zh) | 2021-10-26 |
| JP6319539B1 (ja) | 2018-05-09 |
| EP3686305A4 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
| CN111094608A (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
| JPWO2019058420A1 (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
| KR102364255B1 (ko) | 2022-02-17 |
| KR20200039738A (ko) | 2020-04-16 |
| EP3686305A1 (en) | 2020-07-29 |
| EP3686305B1 (en) | 2024-12-25 |
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