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WO2019053166A1 - Ajout d'inertie dans des systèmes d'alimentation électrique, appareil d'ajout d'inertie et procédé d'augmentation de l'inertie d'une machine électrique - Google Patents

Ajout d'inertie dans des systèmes d'alimentation électrique, appareil d'ajout d'inertie et procédé d'augmentation de l'inertie d'une machine électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019053166A1
WO2019053166A1 PCT/EP2018/074816 EP2018074816W WO2019053166A1 WO 2019053166 A1 WO2019053166 A1 WO 2019053166A1 EP 2018074816 W EP2018074816 W EP 2018074816W WO 2019053166 A1 WO2019053166 A1 WO 2019053166A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inertia
additional mass
container
rotor
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/074816
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Guy Dawson NICHOLSON
Jason Edward Hill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Element Power Ireland Ltd
Original Assignee
Element Power Ireland Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Element Power Ireland Ltd filed Critical Element Power Ireland Ltd
Priority to EP18769364.3A priority Critical patent/EP3682137A1/fr
Priority to AU2018334018A priority patent/AU2018334018A1/en
Publication of WO2019053166A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019053166A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F16F15/31—Flywheels characterised by means for varying the moment of inertia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/32—Correcting- or balancing-weights or equivalent means for balancing rotating bodies, e.g. vehicle wheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
    • H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/04—Balancing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/08—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence pre-stressed
    • H02J2101/20—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for managing frequency fluctuations on electrical power systems.
  • Electrical power systems have to distribute electricity from generators to loads. Electrical power systems need to be managed so that generation and load are in balance to maintain the system frequency. Larger, geographically dispersed, electrical power systems operate with small variations in frequency.
  • Smaller, more isolated, electrical power systems e.g. supplied by inverters and batteries, can operate with fixed frequency. When there is more generation than load, the system voltage tends to increase and when there is more load than generation, the voltage tends to falls.
  • the grid frequency fluctuates; inertia limits the rate of change of frequency, known as RoCoF.
  • Directly connected rotating machines generators, loads and machines specifically added for this purpose
  • high speed flywheels are manufactured from carbon fibre as a solid cylinder, rotating at a high but non- synchronous (with the system frequency) speed. Such flywheels are not directly connected to the electrical power system and so do not provide inertia to the electrical power system.
  • the invention provides a mass arranged to be attached to an electric machine so as to rotate with the rotor of the machine.
  • the invention provides an electric machine comprising a stator and a rotor rotatable relative to the stator, and an additional mass attached to the machine so as to rotate with the rotor.
  • the mass may be connected to the rotor e.g. by means of a mechanical drive train or other connection means, and may be connected directly or via a gear mechanism, in the latter case, the additional mass can rotate at a different speed and/or in a different plane to the rotation of the rotor.
  • preferred embodiments provide a pre-stressing (pre- compression) of the mass to compensate for (or to reduce) the tension forces during rotation.
  • One way of pre-stressing the mass is by tightening a band of material around the body of the mass in the direction in which the tension forces act.
  • An alternative way of compensation for the forces of rotation is to provide the mass as a filled container such that the filling (e.g. a fluid) is better able to withstand the forces rather than a solid mass.
  • the filling e.g. a fluid
  • baffles can be provided inside the container to break the flow of the filling (fluid etc.).
  • a valve may also be provided to empty the container.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an electric motor with which the concepts of this invention can be used.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of an alternative type of motor with which the concepts of this invention can be used.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of an electric motor such as shown in Figure 1, modified according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of an electric motor such as shown in Figure 1 , modified according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 5 shows how stresses act on the additional mass of e.g. Figures 3 and 4.
  • Figure 6 shows one embodiment of pre-stressing the additional mass.
  • Figure 7 shows another embodiment of pre-stressing the additional mass.
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment of an additional mass with the valve to empty the filled container shown.
  • a rotating electrical machine which is directly connected to the network provides inertia.
  • the amount of energy stored in the electrical machine at a given rotational speed is proportional to the value of inertia.
  • This inertia is a function of the mass of the electrical machine and where the mass is physically located e.g. whether the mass is at the centre of the electrical machine or at the rim of the electrical machine.
  • Figure 1 shows a generic (i.e. of any type) electrical machine [1] with the rotor [2] inside the stator [3] with an air-gap between the stator and the rotor [4].
  • the stator of the electrical machine is directly connected to the electrical power system [5].
  • This connection may include circuit breakers, disconnectors and / or isolators to allow the electrical machine to be disconnected from the electrical power system when required e.g. for maintenance or when the electrical power system does not require additional inertia.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative arrangement with the rotor outside of the stator.
  • Electric machines are well known, including for use in electrical power systems.
  • the relative rotation between the rotor and the stator generates forces for electricity generation.
  • the rotor may be inside the stator as in the embodiment of Figure 1, or the stator may be inside the rotor as shown in Figure 2.
  • any known type of electrical machine can be used with the concept of this disclosure, including induction machines, synchronous machines with a rotor winding connected to a dc source, synchronous machines with permanent magnets fitted to the rotors, doubly fed machines with rotor windings connected to ac sources, reluctance machines, dc brushed machines or the like.
  • the electrical machine may be e.g. a generator with a prime mover attached to drive the generator, a load to convert electrical energy to another type of energy, or e.g. a lightly loaded electrical machine (importing power to supply windage, friction and electrical losses) connected to the network either for the specific purpose of adding inertia or for the purpose of controlling reactive power flows on the network, or both.
  • a generating system requires inertia to provide a damping effect on frequency fluctuation due to imbalances between generation and demand on the network.
  • FIG 3 shows the addition of an additional mass [6], in accordance with the invention, connected to the rotor of the electrical machine [2] through a mechanical drive train [7], including an optional gearbox [8] which enables the additional mass [6] to rotate at a different speed from the rotor of the electrical machine [2].
  • the additional mass [6] is connected through a mechanical drive train [7] which includes a change in the direction of the axis of rotation between the additional mass [4] and the electrical machine rotor [2].
  • the connection between the additional mass and the machine can enable the mass to be attached to machines with different axes of rotation (e.g. vertical or horizontal)
  • the additional mass rotates with the rotor, providing inertia (or additional inertia) which will be dependent on the additional mass.
  • inertia or additional inertia
  • the material from which the additional mass is composed is subject to tensile stresses i.e. the stresses will tend to stretch the additional mass in the direction of the force.
  • Figure 5 shows the directions of the stresses on the additional mass [6] as it rotates:
  • [9] is the stress in the radial direction which is tensile; [10] is the stress in the tangential direction, which is also tensile, and [11] is the stress in the axial direction, if any, which may be compressive or tensile. According to this disclosure, therefore, the ability of the additional mass to withstand the tensile stress can be increased by pre-stressing (pre-compressing) the material from which the additional mass is composed.
  • the pre-stressing can be applied by winding a band of material around the additional mass (in the direction of the tensile stress) and tightening mis band, prior to spinning the additional mass.
  • This technique then allows the additional mass to be manufactured from a lower tensile strength material with the band composed from a higher tensile strength material, which is likely to be cheaper than making all of the additional mass from the higher tensile strength material.
  • the pre-stressing can be applied using a solid container made from a high tensile material shrink (or interference) fitted around the solid, additional mass (the container itself contributing to the additional mass).
  • Figure 6 shows the application of a band of material [12] to pre- compress the additional mass [6].
  • Figure 6 also shows one method of tightening the band in which the band [12] is fixed to the additional mass [6] at [ 13] .
  • the band then passes through a hoop [14], to prevent the band moving outward radially as the band is tightened, which is attached [IS] to a pulley [16].
  • the band [12] is manufactured with saw-teeth [17] so that, as the band is tightened by pulling the band in the direction [18], it cannot slip back in the opposite direction.
  • the band is to be fixed to the additional mass and the hoop and pulley arrangement [14, IS and 16] removed before rotating the additional mass.
  • the band could be around the entire circumference of the mass, or only around a part of the circumference or even around the entire body of the additional mass (like a sleeve).
  • Other methods of compressing the additional mass can, of course, also be used such as the container enclosing the solid, additional mass being fitted:
  • a further method to safely deal with the tensile stresses and avoid the risk of the additional mass breaking apart is not to manufacture the additional mass as a solid object but as a filled container.
  • the tensile stresses on the material of a solid object are highest in the centre and decrease with increasing radius.
  • Using a filled container means that in the regions of highest stress the deformation of the solid object is avoided.
  • the container may take various shapes and configurations and may be made of different material compared to the fluid inside.
  • the container may be filled (or partly filled) with a fluid. Suitable fillings include liquid, powder, granular, solutions, paste, gels, colloids and suspensions.
  • a filled container can also be provided with a band as described above.
  • baffles may be included to break the path of the content as the container rotates so as to prevent the material rotating with the container itself.
  • FIG. 7 shows the addition of baffles [19] inside the filled container.
  • Other shapes and distributions of baffles could, of course, be used.
  • An additional advantage of using a filled container is that, in the event of excessive vibration then, for safety reasons, a valve could be opened spilling the contents of the filled container in a controlled way rather than a catastrophic failure.
  • Figure 8 shows the addition of a valve [20] to open in the event of excess vibration, with a local control unit [21] which can be signalled remotely.
  • Different types of valve could be used including single and multiple-use valves. If signalling is used to control the valve, this could be done by e.g. a direct mechanical connection, electronically hardwired or remotely by e.g. radio, laser, infra-red, Bluetooth, wireless or similar.
  • the present disclosure provides a solution to the problem of no, or insufficient inertia in an electricity network, which can lead to undesirable frequency fluctuations.
  • the solution involves providing an additional mass to be connected or attached or affixed to the machine rotor, or to rotate with the rotor.
  • the additional mass can be attached to any existing machine and the size of the mass can be selected accordingly without the need for a completely new machine.
  • the ideas described herein would find application in conventional, terrestrial electrical power systems from small single-generator networks to multi-national grids, or e.g. for networks on board ships, aircraft, submarines, cars, trains, rockets, satellites, space vehicles, and other vehicles or locations.
  • the disclosure can find application in power systems operating at different frequencies, including fixed and variable frequencies e.g. 50Hz, 60Hz or 400 Hz or 360 - 800 Hz.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique comprenant un stator et un rotor pouvant tourner par rapport au stator, et une masse supplémentaire fixée à la machine de manière à tourner avec le rotor. La masse supplémentaire est précontrainte avant la rotation.
PCT/EP2018/074816 2017-09-13 2018-09-13 Ajout d'inertie dans des systèmes d'alimentation électrique, appareil d'ajout d'inertie et procédé d'augmentation de l'inertie d'une machine électrique Ceased WO2019053166A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18769364.3A EP3682137A1 (fr) 2017-09-13 2018-09-13 Ajout d'inertie dans des systèmes d'alimentation électrique, appareil d'ajout d'inertie et procédé d'augmentation de l'inertie d'une machine électrique
AU2018334018A AU2018334018A1 (en) 2017-09-13 2018-09-13 Adding inertia in electrical power systems, apparatus for adding inertia and method of increasing the inertia of an electric machine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1714708.3 2017-09-13
GB1714708.3A GB2566461A (en) 2017-09-13 2017-09-13 Adding inertia in electrical power systems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019053166A1 true WO2019053166A1 (fr) 2019-03-21

Family

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PCT/EP2018/074816 Ceased WO2019053166A1 (fr) 2017-09-13 2018-09-13 Ajout d'inertie dans des systèmes d'alimentation électrique, appareil d'ajout d'inertie et procédé d'augmentation de l'inertie d'une machine électrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3682137A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2018334018A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2566461A (fr)
WO (1) WO2019053166A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191320288A (en) * 1912-09-07 1913-11-06 Int De Lumiere Froide Procedes Improvements in Pedal Driven Electric Generators for use in connection with Projection Apparatus and the like.
DE2558422A1 (de) * 1975-12-23 1977-06-30 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Schwungrad-energiespeicher
US4809507A (en) * 1986-10-28 1989-03-07 Pelto John H Rotary fluid device
US6014911A (en) * 1998-01-13 2000-01-18 Swett; Dwight W. Flywheel with self-expanding hub
US20130152728A1 (en) * 2011-02-23 2013-06-20 Mario H. Gottfried High speed conical flywheel system
EP2399039B1 (fr) * 2009-02-19 2014-05-14 Ricardo Uk Limited Volant
WO2016066933A1 (fr) * 2014-10-28 2016-05-06 Energiestro Volant d'inertie dedie au stockage d'energie

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4190626A (en) * 1978-06-05 1980-02-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Method of manufacture of bonded fiber flywheel
RU2428603C2 (ru) * 2009-10-29 2011-09-10 Гирин Алексей Григорьевич Способ подготовки к эксплуатации, способ эксплуатации маховика и устройство для их осуществления
US9362800B2 (en) * 2010-09-01 2016-06-07 Amber Kinetics, Inc. Flywheel system using wire-wound rotor
CN102678821B (zh) * 2012-06-01 2014-06-04 北京奇峰聚能科技有限公司 一种钢丝预应力缠绕飞轮转子轮毂
CN103867639A (zh) * 2012-12-11 2014-06-18 北京奇峰聚能科技有限公司 一种大储能飞轮转子及其制作方法
CN203453384U (zh) * 2013-09-17 2014-02-26 北京科技大学 一种钢丝缠绕制备储能飞轮转子环套
FR3025841B1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2019-05-03 Ifp Energies Now Systeme inertiel de stockage d'energie comportant un disque en materiau composite

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191320288A (en) * 1912-09-07 1913-11-06 Int De Lumiere Froide Procedes Improvements in Pedal Driven Electric Generators for use in connection with Projection Apparatus and the like.
DE2558422A1 (de) * 1975-12-23 1977-06-30 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Schwungrad-energiespeicher
US4809507A (en) * 1986-10-28 1989-03-07 Pelto John H Rotary fluid device
US6014911A (en) * 1998-01-13 2000-01-18 Swett; Dwight W. Flywheel with self-expanding hub
EP2399039B1 (fr) * 2009-02-19 2014-05-14 Ricardo Uk Limited Volant
US20130152728A1 (en) * 2011-02-23 2013-06-20 Mario H. Gottfried High speed conical flywheel system
WO2016066933A1 (fr) * 2014-10-28 2016-05-06 Energiestro Volant d'inertie dedie au stockage d'energie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3682137A1 (fr) 2020-07-22
GB2566461A (en) 2019-03-20
GB201714708D0 (en) 2017-10-25
AU2018334018A1 (en) 2020-04-30

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