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WO2018231167A1 - Procédé d'électrification pour produire de la chaleur dans du verre revêtu - Google Patents

Procédé d'électrification pour produire de la chaleur dans du verre revêtu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018231167A1
WO2018231167A1 PCT/TR2017/050270 TR2017050270W WO2018231167A1 WO 2018231167 A1 WO2018231167 A1 WO 2018231167A1 TR 2017050270 W TR2017050270 W TR 2017050270W WO 2018231167 A1 WO2018231167 A1 WO 2018231167A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
coating
heat
frequency
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/TR2017/050270
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mustafa AYDESKIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tronika Inovatif Urunler Sanayi Ve Ticaret Ltd Sirketi
Original Assignee
Tronika Inovatif Urunler Sanayi Ve Ticaret Ltd Sirketi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tronika Inovatif Urunler Sanayi Ve Ticaret Ltd Sirketi filed Critical Tronika Inovatif Urunler Sanayi Ve Ticaret Ltd Sirketi
Priority to PCT/TR2017/050270 priority Critical patent/WO2018231167A1/fr
Priority to PCT/TR2017/050412 priority patent/WO2018231170A1/fr
Publication of WO2018231167A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018231167A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings

Definitions

  • This invention made possible that oxidized metals, which are conductors on one surface, can produce heat using much lower energy compared to similar products by way of the frequency, period and voltage of electricity applied to glass coating and the glass' resistance, in glasses with clear coating with a minimum 60% light transmittance ability that is achieved by way of PVD (PhysicalVaporDeposition), CVD (ChemicalVapourDeposition), sol-gel, chemical methods, electrochemical methods, thermal spray, hot-dip or any other methods.
  • PVD PhysicalVaporDeposition
  • CVD ChemicalVapourDeposition
  • sol-gel chemical methods, electrochemical methods, thermal spray, hot-dip or any other methods.
  • Heat production on known coated glass is achieved by applying direct current (DC) to the coating on both sides.
  • DC direct current
  • glass dimensions are of limited size and are made only for small glassware and for low heat generation.
  • the reason for this is that the minus (cathode) and plus (anode) poles of the direct current used are overheated at the connection points, which leads to glass malfunction.
  • This method can be applied at 20 0 C temperature and on a 0,15 cm 2 area at most.
  • Another known method is to heat the glass by connecting a 220 Volt alternating current (AC) which is a direct mains voltage to the covered glass. This method achieves a maximum temperature of 800 0 C even though large size glass is heated.
  • AC Volt alternating current
  • Another known method is to heat the coated glass using low alternating current.
  • the glass is heated using a transformer that reduces the alternating current of 220 volts to a lower alternative current. In these applications, the glass temperature increases up to 20 0 C. For this reason, this type of heating system is only used to defrost the glass doors of refrigerated cabinets.
  • Another known method is the study case with the application no EP12707498.7 EPC.
  • the subject of this patent is the heating method in transparent glass.
  • the patent centers around a coating, which is applied onto at least one surface of a glassware and produces heat via parallel-connected electricity, and the related production method.
  • the electrical parallel connection brings some constrictions such as limitations on resistance values of heat- producing transparent strip, size of the glass and magnitude of produced heat.
  • the coating which produces heat via electricity on one surface of the glass, is coated to the whole surface rather than being in strips.
  • this coating can be applied on laminated glass, single-piece glassware and in all areas glass is used, regardless of glass size and shape.
  • thermocouple temperature measurement device
  • Our invention enables heating of tempered glass up to 350°C and non-tempered glass up to 150°C, regardless of the size of a glassware, of which one surface is coated with electrically conductive coating.
  • the reason for lower temperature yield on non-tempered glass the increasing risk of glass break due to expansion on glass surface due to heat.
  • the glass must be tempered for higher temperatures.
  • similar heat producers can yield the same level of temperature with a lower electric energy.
  • the main pillar of the invention is the law of inertia. According to this law, every substance has a reaction magnitude and time against chemical and physical forces and every substance intends to return to its initial state by getting free of a force that is applied on it.
  • the substance in order to return to its initial state, the substance tries to do this by transferring said applied force as temperature, light, radio waves, radiation, etc. to another field.
  • the magnitude, speed and duration of an applied force determines how the substance will return to its initial state.
  • a force that exceeds the substance's magnitude and time of reaction causes the substance to degenerate.
  • This invention enables it so that when you apply electricity to a coated surface of glass, which is coated with an electrically conductive coating with any method, said coating will produce heat using low energy and without degeneration.
  • One of the best examples for this invention is the springs made of steel.
  • the metal which constitutes the spring, can react to a certain magnitude of force applied on it for a certain amount of time, under normal circumstances. If the force is applied for a long time, the spring then gets deformed. However, when a force, with a magnitude greater than what the spring can carry, is applied for a very short period of time, the material works without degenerating. Springs are produced for this kind of works.
  • the coating on the glass is similar to the metal that constitutes the spring, and the force applied is similar to the electric energy.
  • the coating intends to discharge the electric energy applied on it and return to its initial state. If no time is given to the coating for it to discharge the heat, which it produces as a reaction, then the coating gets deformed and malfunctions.
  • the reaction time and inertia time are provided via intermittent or truncated frequency form of the applied electric energy, therefore enabling achieving of high temperatures without damaging the coating.
  • Another example is to drive a nail into a surface such as wood or wall.
  • the action of driving is achieved by applying a transient force onto the nail, which force is sufficient to drive it into the surface.
  • the nail bends and does not drive through the surface.
  • the reason for this is that the speed of the applied force is lower than the nail's reaction time. Unable to transfer this force onto the surface it's being driven through, the nail accumulates the force on itself and thus, bends.
  • the glass coating is similar to the nail and the electric energy is similar to the driving force applied.
  • Tempered or non-tempered an uninterrupted edge-long conductive line is formed by applying silver-containing paste or electrically conductive adhesive paste to the mirroring edges of glasses that are electrically conductive on one surface. This method of forming conductor lines has been used in automotive glass since the 1960s.
  • a silver paste which is resistant to tempering heat and electrically conductive, is applied on the glass and tempering is applied through a minimum of 600°C heat treatment and subsequent cooling.
  • the purpose of this process is to permanently hold both the coating on the glass surface and the silver paste on the glass surface.
  • the electrically conductive flat metal is then soldered onto one or more silver pastes, such as conductive silver-plated or aluminum or copper or zinc.
  • conductive flat metal is electrically bonded to the conductive coated surface of the glass with electrically conductive adhesive to provide electrical conductivity to the coating.
  • the resistance value which must be known for the application methods of the invention also relates to the silver paste or conductive adhesive to which the electrical connection is made.
  • R q x L / A (Pouillet Law)
  • R is the total resistance of the coating over the busbar
  • q is the total internal resistance of the coating and conductive silver paste or conductive adhesive
  • L is the length of the conductive silver paste or conductive adhesive on the glass surface
  • A is the area of the conductive silver paste or conductive adhesive.
  • Figure 3- A graphical view of transformer voltage
  • the main idea of our invention is that heat is produced by applying electrical energy of variable frequency and amplitude to all the opposite sides of the glass with at least 60% light transmittance and electrical conduction connections as mentioned above.
  • the mains voltage is used directly and the intermittent or truncated frequency methods of the mains frequency are applied. Furthermore, no electrical frequency source or generator is used.
  • the inventive intermittent frequency method should not be confused with the inverter systems which operate according to the known frequency change discrimination.
  • the mains voltage is first converted to direct current (DC), and the sine waveform is formed by switching with the drive circuits. However, the frequency of this produced waveform is variable.
  • the purpose of the inverter system is to control the operation of electrical devices by changing the generated frequency of the wave.
  • the frequency applied to the device is variable as well as continuous. That is, the frequency applies electricity to the device throughout the entire wave without interruption at any instant.This is the use of certain fields of the 50/60 Hz waveform, which is directly the network frequency, without any artificial sine waveform with a frequency generator.
  • the frequency used in connection is fixed mains frequency.
  • the coating on the glass surface must not be applied for a certain period of time to discharge over the heat generated by the applied electrical energy. However, during this non-electrical time, the glass should not fall below the desired heat value.
  • the electricity applied as in the case of the nail should not overheat the coating on the glass surface and impair the coating's properties.
  • a surface electrically conductive coated glass is applied to the intermittent and truncated frequency electric energy to produce permanent constant heat without degradation of the coating. This electric energy is made with an electronic circuit system and electricity is applied on the glass.
  • the subject of the invention is: In both methods mentioned below, the surcharge area (A) where electricity is applied to the coating on the glass surface and the time when it is not applied is called the passive area (P).
  • the circuit system of the intermittent frequency of the invention consists of two parts.
  • the first part is a frequency switching circuit which determines the electrical energy output required to reach the desired temperature of the coating on the glass surface, which is the temperature step setting and communicates electrically with the temperature sensor on the glass.
  • the second part is the switch which switches the mains voltage of the glass product to 50/60 Hz in cut-off sections (active areas (A)) to the flat metal in the glass- covered surface, by switching according to the frequency from the first part.
  • the frequency switching circuit in the first section determines the switching frequency by taking the electrical difference between the electrical value coming from the thermocouple located on the glass and the set temperature value as a reference.
  • the frequency of 50/60 Hz coming from the network to the glass surface is not continuously applied but is transmitted to the active areas (A) by dividing into active areas (A) and passive areas (P). It is ensured that the coating remains at a high temperature (tempered glass, approximately 3500C) without degrading and falling below the desired heat value.
  • This method differs from the lower or higher frequency electric energy in that it transmits the mains voltage to the covering within the determined time.
  • this difference is that the potential in the sine waveform in the network transmits the voltage between the start and the end of switching (active area (A)) to the coating.
  • active area (A) active area
  • the transmission of the mains voltage starts and the cutoff at the end of the switching is eliminated.
  • a sine wave generator is used at the same frequency, all values between the zero voltage value and the peak value are applied to the plasma. This causes the coating to lose its properties because it will not be able to identify the time for heat sinking.
  • the continuous and slow electrical energy such as the nailing force in the nail driving example, deforms the coating in a short time.
  • Another method of the invention is the truncated frequency method. This method should not be confused with known dimmer electric systems we will explain below. The difference of this method from the dimmer circuits is to determine the most suitable clipping point of the network frequency by monitoring the temperature of the monitoring system and the glass. As is known, there is no such method in dimmer circuits. RMS outputs exceeding the rated 16 amps load (30 amps) are given for domestic use, thus damaging other equipment connected to mains electricity and also creating a hazard by drawing current on the peak current limiter.
  • Truncated frequency method consists of three parts.
  • the first part is the circuit that follows the network frequency and sends the second division switching threshold signal
  • the second part is the part that switches by referring to the temperature value difference set by the temperature sensor electrical value on the glass when the signal comes from the first part.
  • the third part is the part that transfers to the flat metal (conductors) on the coating on the glass surface by trimming the frequency of the mains voltage with the switching from the second part.
  • the mains voltage which is known as 50/60 Hz, draws a sinusoidal graph from zero to peak. 900 phase difference occurs between the peak value and the zero value, falls to 0 volt again, and then goes to the negative alternation.
  • the first part of the truncated frequency system the mains frequency monitoring section ( Figure 1.1), indicates the appropriate phase angle required for switching.
  • the second part circuit which receives the switching signal from the first part, opens the power switch in the third part by generating the output signal according to the temperature value difference set by the measured temperature value.
  • the truncated frequency method allows the use of a voltage value below 900 peak of mains voltage and other equivalent phase angle voltage values. With this method, there is a distinctive difference between the transformer devices and the reduced mains voltage when a low mains voltage is used.
  • Transformers can provide continuous electrical output at 50/60 Hz frequency, which is lower than the mains voltage. That is, there is continuous voltage output between 0 and peak value. Whereas in order for the glass surface coating to work without degradation, it needs to discharge the heat on itself, which requires a certain amount of time during which no electric energy is applied. Since the transformer output is continuous, the invention cannot be used in place of the truncated frequency method since the output voltage does not allow the heat transfer of the coating even if the output voltage is the same as the truncated frequency voltage.
  • the transformer does not have time to transfer the current heat of the coating because the transformer has applied constant voltage even though the truncated frequency voltage and transformer output voltage are the same. This causes the coating to be damaged.
  • both efficient and efficient heat generation is achieved without damaging the coating, without using heavy and costly reducers such as transformers.
  • One application made possible by the invention is to obtain heat by applying utility voltage to the coated glass by the intermittent frequency method. For example, voltage is applied for 1/3 of a second (active area (A)), no current is applied for the remaining 2/3 (passive area (P)).
  • the intermittent frequency when the intermittent frequency is used, switching is effected at predetermined times as the electric frequency transmitted to the casing follows the sine waveform advancing from 0 0 to 90 0 and from 90 0 to 180 °. This switching is transmitted to the electric enclosure in the drive train.
  • the electric frequency is the lowest at 0 0 and the highest at 90 °.
  • the voltage value at each switching time is higher than the previous value. For example, when the voltage in the first active area (A) is between 30-40 V, the voltage in the next active area (A) is 50-60 V.
  • the voltage value in the active area (A) generated by the switching is lower than before.
  • the voltage values in the active areas (A) formed by switching in the intermittent frequency method are firstly increased and transmitted to the cover in a truncated manner.
  • the voltage values of the active areas (A) which are formed later are reduced and transmitted to the coating in an intermittent manner. This process goes on in a cyclic manner.
  • the voltage values of the active areas (A) formed in the intermittent frequency method are given to the coating at certain intervals, not as a constant.
  • the active area (A) is the value of the electric voltage between the switching start and the switching end where the switch is made.
  • Another application of the invention is to obtain heat by applying alternating voltage to the coated glasses. Depending on the amount of heat to be produced from the coated glass, a certain fraction of the frequency of the network is given as the active area (A), while the remaining parts remain as the passive area (P).
  • the distinguishing feature of this application is that low resistance glass of low resistivity allows the temperature to reach 350 C in a short time.
  • the voltage value in the active areas (A) can be applied to the coating and the glass heats without degrading the coating.
  • the choice is determined by the resistance value measured over the conductor edge lines, the amount of heat desired and the time to reach this level.
  • the voltage to be drawn by the glass according to the Ohm law is determined by the time and desired heat value. This current should not exceed 16 Amperes in household use. This current is then calculated in the resistance and time format according to Joule's law and one of the above mentioned cut or trimmed frequency methods is selected for the glass to be heated.
  • V Voltage (volt)
  • T Time (duration of electric energy application, in seconds)
  • the amount of electricity used is also calculated according to Watt's blood, proving the advantages of the inventive methods.
  • V Voltage applied (volt)
  • conductive lines are first applied to the edges of the glass as described above, and tempering is done.
  • conductive silver paste is applied to the short sides of some of the same sized glasses entering the tempering process, to the long sides of some of them, as an example of cut or trimmed frequency selection.
  • the conductive silver paste and the electrically conductive coating have become permanently embedded in the glass.
  • the resistance of the glass on the short side of the conductor is 20 ohms.
  • the resistance of the glass on the long side of the conductor is 8 ohms.
  • both glasses will not reach the same temperature at the same moment and according to the Joule Law, the glass with the 8 ohm resistance value will reach a higher temperature.
  • the applied voltage should be lowered to 11 amperes of current value.
  • Truncated frequency is selected in order to apply a maximum of 88 volts for this voltage value.
  • the mains voltage in the sine wave form is applied to the covering up to 88 volts voltage size while starting from 00 to 900.
  • the voltage over 88 volts is not applied to the coating and it stays in the passive area (P). While going down again from 90° to 180°, at the moment of reaching 88 volts electricity transmission to the coating starts, therefore forming an active area (A).
  • active areas (A) total 40 units and passive areas (P) total 60 units.
  • the energy consumption of the coating is lower because neither of the grid voltage (truncated frequency and intermittent frequency) is applied to the coating on the glass surface and the network frequency is divided into active area (A) times and passive area (P) times.
  • Known equivalent heat generators generate heat using all frequency ranges of the mains voltage.
  • heat production is made independently of the size of the glass, allowing the application and heat generation with small and cheaper electronic cards instead of heavy and expensive materials such as transformers.
  • many products such as glass grill, toaster, toaster, baking utensils such as oven tray, heated table, heater heating panels, defogging small glass and vehicle glass can be produced as heating glass.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un procédé à fréquence tronquée et sur un procédé à fréquence intermittente qui ont rendu possible la production, par des métaux oxydés, qui sont des conducteurs sur une surface, de chaleur à l'aide d'une énergie bien inférieure par comparaison avec des produits similaires au moyen de la fréquence, de la période et de la tension d'électricité appliquées au revêtement de verre et de la résistance du verre, dans des lunettes à revêtement clair ayant une capacité minimale de transmission de la lumière de 60 % qui est obtenue au moyen d'un dépôt physique en phase vapeur (PVD), d'un dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD), d'un sol-gel, de procédés chimiques, de procédés électrochimiques, d'une pulvérisation thermique, d'une immersion à chaud ou de tout autre procédé.
PCT/TR2017/050270 2017-06-16 2017-06-16 Procédé d'électrification pour produire de la chaleur dans du verre revêtu Ceased WO2018231167A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/TR2017/050270 WO2018231167A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2017-06-16 Procédé d'électrification pour produire de la chaleur dans du verre revêtu
PCT/TR2017/050412 WO2018231170A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2017-08-29 Verre transparent de cuisinière à revêtement générant de la chaleur grâce à l'électricité

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/TR2017/050270 WO2018231167A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2017-06-16 Procédé d'électrification pour produire de la chaleur dans du verre revêtu

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WO2018231167A1 true WO2018231167A1 (fr) 2018-12-20

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PCT/TR2017/050270 Ceased WO2018231167A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2017-06-16 Procédé d'électrification pour produire de la chaleur dans du verre revêtu
PCT/TR2017/050412 Ceased WO2018231170A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2017-08-29 Verre transparent de cuisinière à revêtement générant de la chaleur grâce à l'électricité

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/TR2017/050412 Ceased WO2018231170A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2017-08-29 Verre transparent de cuisinière à revêtement générant de la chaleur grâce à l'électricité

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220069928A1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2022-03-03 Lg Electronics Inc. Measuring an interference from a neighboring device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4357524A (en) * 1980-01-29 1982-11-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Electrical heater controller for aircraft window heat control
CA2062188A1 (fr) * 1992-02-20 1993-08-22 Harry S. Koontz Systeme d'alimentation d'un pare-brise chauffant a partir d'une source de courant alternatif
WO1996017495A1 (fr) * 1994-11-29 1996-06-06 Imatran Voima Oy Procede de commande de la puissance electrique de fenetres chauffees et systeme de fenetre a chauffage electrique
WO2016034414A1 (fr) * 2014-09-04 2016-03-10 Saint-Gobain Glass France Plaque transparente avec revêtement chauffant

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6037572A (en) * 1997-02-26 2000-03-14 White Consolidated Industries, Inc. Thin film heating assemblies
JP5066389B2 (ja) * 2007-04-27 2012-11-07 フィグラ株式会社 発熱ガラスを用いた加熱調理器具
US10690391B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2020-06-23 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance using heated glass panels

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4357524A (en) * 1980-01-29 1982-11-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Electrical heater controller for aircraft window heat control
CA2062188A1 (fr) * 1992-02-20 1993-08-22 Harry S. Koontz Systeme d'alimentation d'un pare-brise chauffant a partir d'une source de courant alternatif
WO1996017495A1 (fr) * 1994-11-29 1996-06-06 Imatran Voima Oy Procede de commande de la puissance electrique de fenetres chauffees et systeme de fenetre a chauffage electrique
WO2016034414A1 (fr) * 2014-09-04 2016-03-10 Saint-Gobain Glass France Plaque transparente avec revêtement chauffant

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220069928A1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2022-03-03 Lg Electronics Inc. Measuring an interference from a neighboring device
US11742969B2 (en) * 2018-11-27 2023-08-29 Lg Electronics Inc. Measuring an interference from a neighboring device

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