WO2018225257A1 - ヒートポンプ利用機器 - Google Patents
ヒートポンプ利用機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018225257A1 WO2018225257A1 PCT/JP2017/021507 JP2017021507W WO2018225257A1 WO 2018225257 A1 WO2018225257 A1 WO 2018225257A1 JP 2017021507 W JP2017021507 W JP 2017021507W WO 2018225257 A1 WO2018225257 A1 WO 2018225257A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- circuit
- heat exchanger
- compressor
- side heat
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/36—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to leakage of heat-exchange fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/22—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves between evaporator and compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
- F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/003—Indoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/19—Pumping down refrigerant from one part of the cycle to another part of the cycle, e.g. when the cycle is changed from cooling to heating, or before a defrost cycle is started
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/07—Exceeding a certain pressure value in a refrigeration component or cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
- F25B2500/221—Preventing leaks from developing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
- F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2519—On-off valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump device having a refrigerant circuit and a heat medium circuit.
- Patent Document 1 describes an outdoor unit of a heat pump cycle device using a combustible refrigerant.
- This outdoor unit includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, an air heat exchanger, a throttling device, and a water heat exchanger are connected by piping, and excess water pressure in the water circuit for supplying water heated by the water heat exchanger. And a pressure relief valve for preventing the ascent.
- a pressure relief valve for preventing the ascent.
- a pressure relief valve for a water circuit is provided in an indoor unit.
- the outdoor unit and the indoor unit in the heat pump device are various combinations. Not only the outdoor unit and the indoor unit of the same manufacturer are combined, but also the outdoor unit and the indoor unit of different manufacturers may be combined. Therefore, the outdoor unit described in Patent Document 1 may be combined with an indoor unit provided with a pressure relief valve.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump device capable of suppressing the leakage of refrigerant into the room.
- a heat pump utilization device includes a compressor, a refrigerant flow switching device, a heat source side heat exchanger, an expansion device, and a load side heat exchanger, and a refrigerant circuit for circulating the refrigerant, and the load side heat exchanger
- a heat medium circuit that circulates the heat medium via the heat medium, and the refrigerant flow switching device is configured to be switched between a first state and a second state, and the refrigerant flow switching device is When switched to the first state, the refrigerant circuit can execute a first operation in which the load-side heat exchanger functions as a condenser, and the refrigerant flow switching device is switched to the second state.
- the refrigerant circuit can perform a second operation in which the load-side heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, and the heat medium circuit includes a main circuit that passes through the load-side heat exchanger. And the main circuit is a downstream end of the main circuit.
- a branching unit to which a plurality of branch circuits branched from the main circuit are connected; a junction unit provided at an upstream end of the main circuit and connected to the plurality of branch circuits joining the main circuit;
- a pressure protection device and a refrigerant leakage detection device are connected to the main circuit, and the pressure protection device includes the load-side heat exchanger and the branch of the main circuit.
- the refrigerant leakage detection device includes the branching part or the joining part in the main circuit.
- the refrigerant flow switching device is in the second state when leakage of the refrigerant to the heat medium circuit is detected between the other and the connection portion or connected to the connection portion.
- the expansion device is closed, and the compressor It is intended to operate.
- the refrigerant leak detection device when the refrigerant leaks into the heat medium circuit, can detect the refrigerant leak to the heat medium circuit at an early stage. When the leakage of the refrigerant to the heat medium circuit is detected, the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is recovered. Since the leakage of the refrigerant is detected earlier, the refrigerant is also collected earlier. Therefore, the refrigerant can be prevented from leaking into the room.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of a heat pump utilizing device according to the present embodiment.
- a heat pump hot water supply / room heating device 1000 is illustrated as an example of a heat pump using device.
- the dimensional relationship and shape of each component may differ from the actual ones.
- the heat pump hot water supply and heating device 1000 includes a refrigerant circuit 110 that circulates a refrigerant and a water circuit 210 that circulates water.
- the heat pump hot water supply and heating device 1000 includes an outdoor unit 100 installed outdoors (for example, outdoors) and an indoor unit 200 installed indoors.
- the indoor unit 200 is installed, for example, in a storage space such as a storage room in a building, in addition to a kitchen, a bathroom, and a laundry room.
- the refrigerant circuit 110 has a configuration in which the compressor 3, the refrigerant flow switching device 4, the load-side heat exchanger 2, the expansion device 6, and the heat source-side heat exchanger 1 are sequentially connected in an annular manner through a refrigerant pipe. Yes.
- the refrigerant circuit 110 of the heat pump hot water supply and heating device 1000 the refrigerant is compared with the heating hot water supply operation (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “normal operation” or “first operation”) that heats water flowing through the water circuit 210, and the heating hot water supply operation.
- first operation heats water flowing through the water circuit 210
- second operation a defrosting operation in which the heat source side heat exchanger 1 is defrosted is possible.
- a cooling operation for cooling water flowing through the water circuit 210 may be possible.
- the refrigerant distribution direction in the cooling operation is the same as the refrigerant distribution direction in the defrosting operation.
- the compressor 3 is a fluid machine that compresses sucked low-pressure refrigerant and discharges it as high-pressure refrigerant.
- the compressor 3 of this example includes an inverter device or the like that arbitrarily changes the drive frequency.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the compressor 3 of the heat pump utilization device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a portion III in FIG. 2 and 3, as the compressor 3, a hermetic and high-pressure shell type rolling piston type rotary compressor is illustrated.
- the compressor 3 houses a compression mechanism unit 30 that sucks and compresses refrigerant, an electric motor unit 31 that drives the compression mechanism unit 30, and the compression mechanism unit 30 and the electric motor unit 31.
- an airtight container 32 The compression mechanism unit 30 is disposed in the lower part of the sealed container 32.
- the electric motor unit 31 is disposed above the compression mechanism unit 30 in the sealed container 32.
- the space in the sealed container 32 is filled with the high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism unit 30.
- the compression mechanism unit 30 is disposed in the cylinder 33, the rolling piston 34 to which the rotational driving force of the electric motor unit 31 is transmitted via the main shaft, the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 33, and the outer peripheral surface of the rolling piston 34. And a vane (not shown) that partitions the space between the suction chamber and the compression chamber.
- the upper ends of the suction chamber and the compression chamber are closed by an upper end plate 35 that also serves as a bearing.
- the lower ends of the suction chamber and the compression chamber are closed by a lower end plate 36 that also serves as a bearing. Low-pressure refrigerant is sucked into the suction chamber via the suction pipe 37.
- the upper end plate 35 is formed with a discharge hole 38 for discharging the high-pressure refrigerant compressed in the compression chamber into the space in the sealed container 32.
- a discharge valve 39 On the outlet side of the discharge hole 38, a discharge valve 39 having a reed valve structure and a valve stopper 40 for restricting the deflection of the discharge valve 39 are provided.
- the discharge valve 39 functions as a check valve that prevents the high-pressure refrigerant in the sealed container 32 from flowing back into the compression chamber in the middle of the compression stroke.
- the discharge valve 39 functions as a check valve even when the compressor 3 is stopped.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 4 switches the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 110 between the normal operation and the defrosting operation.
- a four-way valve may be used, or a combination of a plurality of two-way valves or three-way valves may be used.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the compressor 3 are connected via a suction pipe 11a and a discharge pipe 11b.
- the suction pipe 11 a connects between the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the suction port of the compressor 3.
- low-pressure refrigerant flows from the refrigerant flow switching device 4 toward the compressor 3 in the suction pipe 11 a.
- the discharge pipe 11 b connects between the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the discharge port of the compressor 3.
- high-pressure refrigerant flows from the compressor 3 toward the refrigerant flow switching device 4 in the discharge pipe 11 b.
- the refrigerant circuit 110 is dedicated to heating operation or cooling operation, the refrigerant flow switching device 4 can be omitted.
- the load-side heat exchanger 2 is a water-refrigerant heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit 110 and the water flowing through the water circuit 210.
- a plate heat exchanger is used as the load-side heat exchanger 2 .
- the load-side heat exchanger 2 is a thin plate that separates the refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant flows as part of the refrigerant circuit 110, the water flow path through which water flows as part of the water circuit 210, and the refrigerant flow path from the water flow path. And a partition wall.
- the load-side heat exchanger 2 functions as a condenser or radiator that heats water during normal operation, and functions as an evaporator or heat absorber during defrosting or cooling operation.
- the expansion device 6 adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant, and for example, adjusts the pressure of the refrigerant flowing through the load-side heat exchanger 2.
- the expansion device 6 of this example is an electronic expansion valve that can change the opening degree based on an instruction from the control device 101 described later.
- a temperature-sensitive expansion valve for example, a temperature-sensitive expansion valve integrated with a solenoid valve can also be used.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 1 is an air-refrigerant heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit 110 and the outdoor air blown by the outdoor blower 7.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 1 functions as an evaporator during normal operation and functions as a condenser during defrosting operation.
- the compressor 3, the refrigerant flow switching device 4, the expansion device 6, and the heat source side heat exchanger 1 are accommodated in the outdoor unit 100.
- the load side heat exchanger 2 is accommodated in the indoor unit 200. That is, the refrigerant circuit 110 is provided across the outdoor unit 100 and the indoor unit 200. A part of the refrigerant circuit 110 is provided in the outdoor unit 100, and the other part of the refrigerant circuit 110 is provided in the indoor unit 200.
- the outdoor unit 100 and the indoor unit 200 are connected via two extension pipes 111 and 112 that constitute a part of the refrigerant circuit 110. One end of the extension pipe 111 is connected to the outdoor unit 100 via the joint portion 21. The other end of the extension pipe 111 is connected to the indoor unit 200 via the joint portion 23.
- One end of the extension pipe 112 is connected to the outdoor unit 100 via the joint portion 22.
- the other end of the extension pipe 112 is connected to the indoor unit 200 via the joint portion 24.
- a flare joint is used for each of the joint portions 21, 22, 23, and 24.
- An on-off valve 77 is provided as a first shut-off device on the upstream side of the load-side heat exchanger 2 in the refrigerant flow during normal operation.
- the on-off valve 77 is provided downstream of the heat source side heat exchanger 1 and upstream of the load side heat exchanger 2 in the refrigerant circuit 110 in the refrigerant flow during normal operation. That is, the on-off valve 77 is provided between the load side heat exchanger 2 and the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and between the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the compressor 3 in the refrigerant circuit 110.
- Discharge piping 11b between the path switching device 4 and the compressor 3, between the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the heat source side heat exchanger 1, or in the compressor 3.
- the on-off valve 77 is located downstream of the refrigerant flow switching device 4 in the refrigerant circuit 110 in the refrigerant flow during normal operation. And it is preferable to be provided upstream of the load side heat exchanger 2.
- the on-off valve 77 is accommodated in the outdoor unit 100.
- an automatic valve such as an electromagnetic valve, a flow rate adjusting valve, or an electronic expansion valve, which is controlled by a control device 101 described later, is used.
- the on-off valve 77 is in an open state during operation of the refrigerant circuit 110 including normal operation and defrost operation. When the on-off valve 77 is closed under the control of the control device 101, the on-off valve 77 blocks the flow of the refrigerant.
- an on-off valve 78 is provided as a second shut-off device on the downstream side of the load-side heat exchanger 2 in the refrigerant flow during normal operation.
- the on-off valve 78 is provided downstream of the load side heat exchanger 2 and upstream of the heat source side heat exchanger 1 in the refrigerant circuit 110 in the refrigerant flow during normal operation.
- the on-off valve 78 is accommodated in the outdoor unit 100.
- an automatic valve such as an electromagnetic valve, a flow rate adjusting valve, or an electronic expansion valve, which is controlled by the control device 101 described later, is used.
- the on-off valve 78 is in an open state during operation of the refrigerant circuit 110 including normal operation and defrost operation. When the on-off valve 78 is closed under the control of the control device 101, the on-off valve 78 blocks the flow of the refrigerant.
- the on-off valves 77 and 78 may be manual valves that are manually opened and closed.
- An extension pipe connection valve having a two-way valve that can be manually switched between open and close may be provided at a connection portion between the outdoor unit 100 and the extension pipe 111.
- One end side of the extension pipe connection valve is connected to the refrigerant pipe in the outdoor unit 100, and a joint portion 21 is provided on the other end side.
- the extension pipe connection valve may be used as the on-off valve 77.
- an extension pipe connection valve having a three-way valve that can be manually switched between open and close may be provided at a connection portion between the outdoor unit 100 and the extension pipe 112.
- One end side of the extension pipe connection valve is connected to the refrigerant pipe in the outdoor unit 100, and a joint portion 22 is provided on the other end side.
- a service port used for evacuation before the refrigerant circuit 110 is filled with the refrigerant is provided.
- an extension pipe connection valve may be used as the on-off valve 78.
- a slightly flammable refrigerant such as R1234yf and R1234ze (E) or a strong flammable refrigerant such as R290 and R1270 is used.
- These refrigerants may be used as a single refrigerant, or may be used as a mixed refrigerant in which two or more kinds are mixed.
- a refrigerant having a flammability that is equal to or higher than the slight combustion level (for example, 2 L or more in the ASHRAE 34 classification) may be referred to as a “flammable refrigerant”.
- nonflammable refrigerants such as R407C and R410A having nonflammability (for example, 1 in the classification of ASHRAE 34) may be used. These refrigerants have a density higher than that of air at atmospheric pressure (for example, the temperature is room temperature (25 ° C.)).
- a toxic refrigerant such as R717 (ammonia) can be used.
- the outdoor unit 100 is provided with a control device 101 that mainly controls the operation of the refrigerant circuit 110 including the compressor 3, the refrigerant flow switching device 4, the on-off valves 77 and 78, the expansion device 6, the outdoor blower 7, and the like. It has been.
- the control device 101 has a microcomputer equipped with a CPU, ROM, RAM, I / O port, and the like.
- the control device 101 can communicate with a control device 201 and an operation unit 202 described later via a control line 102.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant during normal operation in the refrigerant circuit 110 is indicated by solid line arrows.
- the refrigerant flow path switching device 4 switches the refrigerant flow path as indicated by solid arrows, and the refrigerant circuit 110 is configured such that high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows into the load-side heat exchanger 2.
- the state of the refrigerant flow switching device 4 during normal operation may be referred to as a first state.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3 flows into the refrigerant flow path of the load-side heat exchanger 2 through the refrigerant flow switching device 4, the open on-off valve 77 and the extension pipe 111.
- the load side heat exchanger 2 functions as a condenser. That is, in the load side heat exchanger 2, heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path and the water flowing through the water flow path is performed, and the condensation heat of the refrigerant is radiated to the water.
- coolant flow path of the load side heat exchanger 2 is condensed, and turns into a high voltage
- the water which flows through the water flow path of the load side heat exchanger 2 is heated by the heat radiation from the refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant condensed in the load-side heat exchanger 2 flows into the expansion device 6 through the extension pipe 112 and the open on-off valve 78, and is decompressed to become a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 1.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 1 functions as an evaporator. That is, in the heat source side heat exchanger 1, heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant circulating in the interior and the outdoor air blown by the outdoor blower 7, and the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant is absorbed from the outdoor air.
- the refrigerant flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 1 evaporates to become a low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 3 via the refrigerant flow switching device 4.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 3 is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. In normal operation, the above cycle is continuously repeated.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant during the defrosting operation in the refrigerant circuit 110 is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the refrigerant channel 110 is configured such that the refrigerant channel is switched by the refrigerant channel switching device 4 as indicated by the broken-line arrows, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 1.
- the state of the refrigerant flow switching device 4 during the defrosting operation may be referred to as a second state.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 1 functions as a condenser. That is, in the heat source side heat exchanger 1, the heat of condensation of the refrigerant flowing inside is radiated to the frost attached to the surface of the heat source side heat exchanger 1.
- circulates the inside of the heat source side heat exchanger 1 is condensed, and turns into a high voltage
- the frost adhering to the surface of the heat source side heat exchanger 1 is melted by heat radiation from the refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant condensed in the heat source side heat exchanger 1 becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant via the expansion device 6, passes through the open / close valve 78 and the extension pipe 112, and is refrigerant in the load side heat exchanger 2. It flows into the flow path.
- the load side heat exchanger 2 functions as an evaporator. That is, in the load side heat exchanger 2, heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path and the water flowing through the water flow path is performed, and the evaporation heat of the refrigerant is absorbed from the water.
- coolant flow path of the load side heat exchanger 2 evaporates, and becomes a low voltage
- the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 3 through the extension pipe 111, the open / close valve 77 and the refrigerant flow switching device 4.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 3 is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. In the defrosting operation, the above cycle is continuously repeated.
- the water circuit 210 of the present embodiment is a closed circuit that circulates water.
- the flow direction of water is represented by a thick white arrow.
- the water circuit 210 is mainly accommodated in the indoor unit 200.
- the water circuit 210 includes a main circuit 220, a branch circuit 221 that constitutes a hot water supply circuit, and a branch circuit 222 that constitutes a part of the heating circuit.
- the main circuit 220 constitutes a part of a closed circuit.
- the branch circuits 221 and 222 are branched and connected to the main circuit 220, respectively.
- the branch circuits 221 and 222 are provided in parallel with each other.
- the branch circuit 221 forms a closed circuit together with the main circuit 220.
- the branch circuit 222 forms a closed circuit together with the main circuit 220, the heating device 300 connected to the branch circuit 222, and the like.
- the heating device 300 is provided indoors separately from the indoor unit 200.
- a radiator or a floor heating device is used as the heating device 300.
- water is used as an example of the heat medium flowing through the water circuit 210, but other liquid heat medium such as brine can be used as the heat medium.
- the main circuit 220 has a configuration in which a strainer 56, a flow switch 57, a load-side heat exchanger 2, a booster heater 54, a pump 53, and the like are connected via a water pipe.
- a drain outlet 62 for draining the water in the water circuit 210 is provided in the middle of the water pipe constituting the main circuit 220.
- the downstream end of the main circuit 220 is connected to an inlet of a three-way valve 55 (an example of a branching portion) having one inlet and two outlets.
- the branch circuits 221 and 222 are branched from the main circuit 220.
- the upstream end of the main circuit 220 is connected to the junction unit 230.
- the branch circuits 221 and 222 join the main circuit 220.
- the water circuit 210 from the junction 230 to the three-way valve 55 via the load side heat exchanger 2 and the like becomes the main circuit 220.
- the pump 53 is a device that pressurizes the water in the water circuit 210 and circulates the water circuit 210.
- the booster heater 54 is a device that further heats the water in the water circuit 210 when the heating capacity of the outdoor unit 100 is insufficient.
- the three-way valve 55 is a device for switching the flow of water in the water circuit 210. For example, the three-way valve 55 switches whether the water in the main circuit 220 is circulated on the branch circuit 221 side or the branch circuit 222 side.
- the strainer 56 is a device that removes the scale in the water circuit 210.
- the flow switch 57 is a device for detecting whether or not the flow rate of water circulating in the water circuit 210 is a certain amount or more. A flow sensor can be used in place of the flow switch 57.
- a pressure relief valve 70 (an example of a pressure protection device) is connected to the booster heater 54. That is, the booster heater 54 becomes a connection part of the pressure relief valve 70 to the water circuit 210.
- connection portion the connection portion of the pressure relief valve 70 to the water circuit 210 may be simply expressed as “connection portion”.
- the pressure relief valve 70 is a protection device that prevents an excessive increase in pressure in the water circuit 210 due to a change in the temperature of water.
- the pressure relief valve 70 discharges water to the outside of the water circuit 210 based on the pressure in the water circuit 210.
- the pressure relief valve 70 is opened, and the water in the water circuit 210 is discharged from the pressure relief valve 70 to the outside. To be released.
- the pressure relief valve 70 is provided in the indoor unit 200. The reason why the pressure relief valve 70 is provided in the indoor unit 200 is to perform pressure protection in the water circuit 210 in the indoor unit 200.
- One end of a pipe 72 serving as a water flow path branched from the main circuit 220 is connected to the casing of the booster heater 54.
- a pressure relief valve 70 is attached to the other end of the pipe 72. That is, the pressure relief valve 70 is connected to the booster heater 54 via the pipe 72. The highest water temperature in the main circuit 220 is in the booster heater 54. For this reason, the booster heater 54 is optimal as a connection part to which the pressure relief valve 70 is connected. Further, if the pressure relief valve 70 is connected to the branch circuits 221, 222, the pressure relief valve 70 needs to be provided for each branch circuit 221, 222. In the present embodiment, since the pressure relief valve 70 is connected to the main circuit 220, the number of the pressure relief valves 70 may be one.
- the connecting portion of the pressure relief valve 70 is between the load side heat exchanger 2 and one of the three-way valve 55 or the junction 230 in the main circuit 220, or Located in the load side heat exchanger 2.
- a branch part 72a is provided in the middle of the pipe 72.
- One end of a pipe 75 is connected to the branch part 72a.
- An expansion tank 52 is connected to the other end of the pipe 75. That is, the expansion tank 52 is connected to the booster heater 54 via the pipes 75 and 72.
- the expansion tank 52 is a device for controlling the pressure change in the water circuit 210 accompanying the water temperature change within a certain range.
- the main circuit 220 is provided with a refrigerant leak detection device 98.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 98 is connected between the load-side heat exchanger 2 and the booster heater 54 (that is, the connection portion) in the main circuit 220.
- the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 is a device that detects refrigerant leakage from the refrigerant circuit 110 to the water circuit 210. When the refrigerant leaks from the refrigerant circuit 110 to the water circuit 210, the pressure in the water circuit 210 increases. Therefore, the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 can detect the leakage of the refrigerant to the water circuit 210 based on the pressure value in the water circuit 210 or the time change of the pressure.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 98 for example, a pressure sensor or a pressure switch (here, a high pressure switch) that detects the pressure in the water circuit 210 is used.
- the pressure switch may be an electric type or a mechanical type using a diaphragm.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 98 outputs a detection signal to the control device 201.
- the branch circuit 221 constituting the hot water supply circuit is provided in the indoor unit 200.
- the upstream end of the branch circuit 221 is connected to one outlet of the three-way valve 55.
- the downstream end of the branch circuit 221 is connected to the merge unit 230.
- the branch circuit 221 is provided with a coil 61.
- the coil 61 is built in a hot water storage tank 51 that stores water therein.
- the coil 61 is a heating unit that heats the water stored in the hot water storage tank 51 by heat exchange with the hot water circulating in the branch circuit 221 of the water circuit 210.
- the hot water storage tank 51 has a built-in submerged heater 60.
- the submerged heater 60 is a heating means for further heating the water stored in the hot water storage tank 51.
- a sanitary circuit side pipe 81 a (for example, a hot water supply pipe) connected to, for example, a shower or the like is connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 51.
- a sanitary circuit side pipe 81 b (for example, a makeup water pipe) is connected to the lower part in the hot water storage tank 51.
- a drainage port 63 for draining the water in the hot water storage tank 51 is provided in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 51.
- the hot water storage tank 51 is covered with a heat insulating material (not shown) in order to prevent the temperature of internal water from decreasing due to heat radiation to the outside.
- the heat insulating material for example, felt, cinsalate (registered trademark), VIP (Vacuum Insulation Panel), or the like is used.
- the branch circuit 222 constituting a part of the heating circuit is provided in the indoor unit 200.
- the branch circuit 222 has an outward pipe 222a and a return pipe 222b.
- the upstream end of the forward pipe 222 a is connected to the other outlet of the three-way valve 55.
- the downstream end of the forward pipe 222a and the upstream end of the return pipe 222b are connected to the heating circuit side pipes 82a and 82b, respectively.
- the downstream end of the return pipe 222b is connected to the junction 230.
- the forward pipe 222a and the return pipe 222b are connected to the heating device 300 via the heating circuit side pipes 82a and 82b, respectively.
- the heating circuit side pipes 82a and 82b and the heating device 300 are provided outside the indoor unit 200 although they are indoors.
- the branch circuit 222 constitutes a heating circuit together with the heating circuit side pipes 82a and 82b and the heating device 300.
- a pressure relief valve 301 is connected to the heating circuit side pipe 82a.
- the pressure relief valve 301 is a protection device that prevents an excessive increase in pressure in the water circuit 210, and has, for example, the same structure as the pressure relief valve 70.
- the pressure relief valve 301 is opened, and the water in the heating circuit side pipe 82a is discharged from the pressure relief valve 301 to the outside.
- the pressure relief valve 301 is provided outside the indoor unit 200 although it is indoors.
- the heating device 300, the heating circuit side pipes 82a and 82b, and the pressure relief valve 301 in the present embodiment are not part of the heat pump hot water supply and heating device 1000, but are facilities constructed by a local contractor according to the circumstances of each property. is there.
- the heat source device may be updated to the heat pump hot water supply / room heating device 1000.
- the heating device 300, the heating circuit side pipes 82a and 82b, and the pressure relief valve 301 are used as they are. Therefore, it is desirable that the heat pump hot water supply and heating apparatus 1000 can be connected to various facilities regardless of the presence or absence of the pressure relief valve 301.
- the indoor unit 200 is provided with a control device 201 that mainly controls the operation of the water circuit 210 including the pump 53, the booster heater 54, the three-way valve 55, and the like.
- the control device 201 has a microcomputer provided with a CPU, ROM, RAM, I / O port, and the like.
- the control device 201 can communicate with the control device 101 and the operation unit 202.
- the operation unit 202 is configured such that the user can perform operations and various settings of the heat pump hot water supply and heating device 1000.
- the operation unit 202 of this example includes a display unit 203 as a notification unit that notifies information.
- the display unit 203 can display various information such as the state of the heat pump hot water supply and heating device 1000.
- the operation unit 202 is attached to the surface of the casing of the indoor unit 200, for example.
- the load side heat exchanger 2 functions as an evaporator during the defrosting operation. For this reason, the partition wall of the load-side heat exchanger 2 may be damaged due to freezing of water or the like particularly during the defrosting operation.
- the pressure of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path of the load-side heat exchanger 2 is higher than the pressure of water flowing through the water flow path of the load-side heat exchanger 2 in both the normal operation and the defrosting operation.
- the refrigerant in the refrigerant channel flows out into the water channel in both the normal operation and the defrosting operation, and the refrigerant is mixed into the water in the water channel.
- the refrigerant mixed in the water is gasified by a decrease in pressure.
- the pressure in the water circuit 210 rises when refrigerant having a pressure higher than that of water mixes in the water.
- the refrigerant mixed in the water of the water circuit 210 in the load side heat exchanger 2 not only flows in the direction from the load side heat exchanger 2 to the booster heater 54 along the normal flow of water, but also between the refrigerant and water. Due to the pressure difference, the water flows in the direction from the load-side heat exchanger 2 toward the merging portion 230 as opposed to the normal flow of water.
- the pressure relief valve 70 is provided in the main circuit 220 of the water circuit 210 as in this example, the refrigerant mixed in the water can be discharged from the pressure relief valve 70 into the room together with water.
- the refrigerant mixed in water can be discharged together with water from the pressure relief valve 301 into the room.
- both of the pressure relief valves 70 and 301 function as valves that discharge the refrigerant mixed in the water in the water circuit 210 to the outside of the water circuit 210.
- the refrigerant is a flammable refrigerant
- a flammable concentration range may be generated in the room when the refrigerant is released into the room.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing executed by the control device 101 of the heat pump using device according to the present embodiment. The processing shown in FIG. 4 is repeatedly executed at predetermined time intervals at all times including normal operation, defrosting operation, and stoppage of the refrigerant circuit 110.
- the control device 101 determines whether or not refrigerant leakage to the water circuit 210 has occurred based on the detection signal output from the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 to the control device 201. If it is determined that the refrigerant has leaked to the water circuit 210, the process proceeds to step S2.
- step S2 the control device 101 sets the refrigerant flow switching device 4 to the second state (that is, the state during the defrosting operation or the cooling operation). That is, the control device 101 switches the refrigerant flow switching device 4 to the second state when the refrigerant flow switching device 4 is in the first state, and when the refrigerant flow switching device 4 is in the second state. The refrigerant flow switching device 4 is maintained in the second state as it is.
- step S3 the control device 101 sets the expansion device 6 to a closed state (for example, a fully closed state or a minimum opening state). That is, the control device 101 switches the expansion device 6 to the closed state when the expansion device 6 is in the open state, and maintains the expansion device 6 in the closed state when the expansion device 6 is in the closed state.
- a closed state for example, a fully closed state or a minimum opening state
- step S4 the control device 101 operates the compressor 3. That is, the control device 101 starts the operation of the compressor 3 when the compressor 3 is stopped, and maintains the operation of the compressor 3 as it is when the compressor 3 is operating. In step S4, the control device 101 may start measuring the continuous operation time or the accumulated operation time of the compressor 3.
- steps S2, S3, and S4 By executing the processes of steps S2, S3, and S4, the pump-down operation of the refrigerant circuit 110 is performed, and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 110 is recovered by the heat source side heat exchanger 1. At this time, the condensing and liquefaction of the refrigerant in the heat source side heat exchanger 1 may be promoted by operating the outdoor fan 7.
- the execution order of steps S2, S3, and S4 can be interchanged. Further, when the refrigerant circuit 110 is a cooling only circuit that does not include the refrigerant flow switching device 4, the process of step S2 is not necessary.
- the compressor 3 is temporarily stopped to equalize the pressure in the refrigerant circuit 110.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 4 is switched from the first state to the second state, and the compressor 3 is restarted.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 4 is operated while the compressor 3 is operated without stopping the compressor 3. Switch from the first state to the second state.
- the control device 101 During the pump down operation, the control device 101 repeatedly determines whether or not a preset operation end condition (described later) of the compressor 3 is satisfied (step S5). When it is determined that the operation end condition of the compressor 3 is satisfied, the control device 101 stops the compressor 3 (step S6) and stops the outdoor blower 7. Thereby, the pump-down operation of the refrigerant circuit 110, that is, the recovery of the refrigerant is completed.
- the recovered refrigerant is in a section (mainly the heat source side heat exchanger 1) from the expansion device 6 through the heat source side heat exchanger 1 to the first shut-off device (for example, the on-off valve 77) in the refrigerant circuit 110. Can be stored.
- the on-off valve 77 and the on-off valve 78 may be closed.
- the on-off valve 77 and the on-off valve 78 are manual valves, after the pump-down operation is completed, the user or a service person can perform the on-off valve 77 and on-off valve 78 according to the display on the display unit 203 or the work procedure described in the manual. May be closed. Thereby, the collect
- a check valve provided at a position where the flow of the refrigerant is always in a certain direction may be used as the first shut-off device.
- a check valve provided in the suction pipe 11a or the discharge pipe 11b between the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the compressor 3 may be used as the first shut-off device, or the discharge provided in the compressor 3
- the valve 39 may be used as the first shut-off device.
- the operation end condition of the compressor 3 will be described.
- the operation end condition of the compressor 3 is, for example, that the continuous operation time or the accumulated operation time of the compressor 3 has reached a threshold time.
- the continuous operation time of the compressor 3 is the continuous operation time of the compressor 3 after the process of step S4 is performed.
- the accumulated operation time of the compressor 3 is the accumulated operation time of the compressor 3 after the process of step S4 is executed.
- the threshold time is, for example, the capacity of the heat source side heat exchanger 1, the length of the refrigerant pipe (including the extension pipes 111 and 112), or the refrigerant circuit 110 so that the refrigerant can be sufficiently collected. It is set for each model depending on the amount of refrigerant contained.
- the operation end condition of the compressor 3 may be that the pressure in the water circuit 210 is lower than the first threshold pressure, or that the pressure in the water circuit 210 tends to decrease.
- the pressure in the water circuit 210 satisfies these conditions, it can be determined that the refrigerant leakage to the water circuit 210 is suppressed by the refrigerant recovery by the pump-down operation.
- the operation end condition of the compressor 3 may be that the low-pressure side pressure of the refrigerant circuit 110 is lower than the threshold pressure.
- a pressure sensor or a pressure switch (here, a low pressure switch) is provided at a portion where the pressure is low in the refrigerant circuit 110 during the pump down operation.
- the low-pressure side pressure of the refrigerant circuit 110 becomes low. Therefore, when the low pressure side pressure of the refrigerant circuit 110 falls below the threshold pressure, it can be determined that the refrigerant has been sufficiently recovered.
- an air conditioner if the pressure in the refrigerant circuit is lower than atmospheric pressure, air may be sucked into the refrigerant circuit.
- the threshold pressure may be set to a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- the operation end condition of the compressor 3 may be that the high-pressure side pressure of the refrigerant circuit 110 exceeds the threshold pressure.
- a pressure sensor or a pressure switch (in this case, a high pressure switch) is provided at a portion where the pressure is high in the refrigerant circuit 110 during the pump-down operation.
- the high-pressure side pressure of the refrigerant circuit 110 becomes high. Therefore, when the high-pressure side pressure of the refrigerant circuit 110 exceeds the threshold pressure, it can be determined that the refrigerant has been sufficiently recovered.
- the compressor 3 and the outdoor blower 7 may be operated again, and the pump-down operation of the refrigerant circuit 110 may be resumed.
- the on-off valves 77 and 78, the discharge valve 39, and the like there is a possibility that minute leakage of the refrigerant may occur due to the biting of foreign matter. For this reason, the once recovered refrigerant may leak into the water circuit 210 via the load-side heat exchanger 2. Therefore, even after the pump-down operation has once ended, restarting the pump-down operation based on the pressure in the water circuit 210 is effective in suppressing refrigerant leakage.
- the second threshold pressure is set to a value higher than the first threshold pressure.
- the control device 101 stops the compressor 3, sets the refrigerant flow switching device 4 to the second state, and closes the expansion device 6 to the closed state. Set. Even if it does in this way, since the refrigerant
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an arrangement position of the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 in the heat pump utilization device according to the present embodiment.
- five arrangement positions A to E are shown as examples of arrangement positions of the refrigerant leak detection device 98.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 98 is connected to the pipe 72. That is, the refrigerant leak detection device 98 is connected to the main circuit 220 by the booster heater 54, similarly to the pressure relief valve 70.
- the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 can reliably detect the refrigerant leakage.
- the pump down operation of the refrigerant circuit 110 is immediately started and the refrigerant is recovered. Therefore, the amount of refrigerant leakage from the pressure relief valve 70 into the room can be minimized.
- the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 is included in the load-side heat exchanger 2 in the main circuit 220 or the load-side heat exchanger 2 and the booster heater 54 (that is, the connection portion) as shown in FIG. It can also be obtained when connected between.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 98 is connected between the booster heater 54 and the three-way valve 55 in the main circuit 220.
- the refrigerant may be discharged from the pressure relief valve 70 before the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 detects the refrigerant leakage.
- the pump-down operation of the refrigerant circuit 110 is immediately started and the refrigerant is recovered. Accordingly, a large amount of refrigerant does not leak from the pressure relief valve 70 into the room.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 98 is connected between the load-side heat exchanger 2 and the junction 230 in the main circuit 220. In this case, before the refrigerant leaking into the water circuit 210 is released from the pressure relief valve 301 provided outside the indoor unit 200, the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 can reliably detect the refrigerant leakage. When the leakage of the refrigerant to the water circuit 210 is detected by the refrigerant leak detection device 98, the pump down operation of the refrigerant circuit 110 is immediately started and the refrigerant is recovered. Therefore, the amount of refrigerant leakage from the pressure relief valve 301 into the room can be minimized.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 98 is not a branch circuit (for example, the heating circuit side pipes 82 a and 82 b and the heating device 300) constructed by a local contractor, but the main circuit 220. It is connected to the. For this reason, the manufacturer of the indoor unit 200 can attach the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 and connect the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 and the control device 201. Accordingly, human errors such as forgetting to attach the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 and forgetting to connect the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 can be avoided.
- the manufacturer of the indoor unit 200 can attach the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 and connect the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 and the control device 201. Accordingly, human errors such as forgetting to attach the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 and forgetting to connect the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 can be avoided.
- the heat pump hot water supply / room heating device 1000 (an example of a heat pump device) according to the present embodiment includes the compressor 3, the refrigerant flow switching device 4, the heat source side heat exchanger 1, the expansion device 6, and the load side.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 4 is configured to be switched between a first state and a second state.
- the refrigerant circuit 110 can perform a normal operation (an example of the first operation) in which the load-side heat exchanger 2 functions as a condenser.
- the refrigerant circuit 110 can execute a defrosting operation (an example of a second operation) in which the load-side heat exchanger 2 functions as an evaporator.
- the water circuit 210 has a main circuit 220 that passes through the load-side heat exchanger 2.
- the main circuit 220 is provided at the downstream end of the main circuit 220, and is connected to a three-way valve 55 (an example of a branch portion) to which a plurality of branch circuits 221 and 222 branching from the main circuit 220 are connected, and And a junction unit 230 to which a plurality of branch circuits 221 and 222 that join the main circuit 220 are connected.
- a pressure relief valve 70 (an example of a pressure protection device) and a refrigerant leakage detection device 98 are connected to the main circuit 220.
- the pressure relief valve 70 is provided between the load side heat exchanger 2 and one of the three-way valve 55 or the junction 230 (in this example, the three-way valve 55) or at the load side heat exchanger 2.
- the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 is connected to the other of the three-way valve 55 or the merging portion 230 (in the present example, the merging portion 230) of the main circuit 220, between the other and the booster heater 54, or to the booster heater 54. Yes.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 4 is in the second state, the expansion device 6 is closed, and the compressor 3 is operated.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 98 can detect the leakage of the refrigerant to the water circuit 210 at an early stage.
- the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 110 is recovered by the pump-down operation. Since the leakage of the refrigerant is detected earlier, the refrigerant is also collected earlier. Therefore, the refrigerant can be prevented from leaking into the room.
- the refrigerant circuit 110 further includes a shut-off device (for example, a first shut-off device, an on-off valve 77, a discharge valve 39, a check valve, and the like).
- the shut-off device includes the suction pipe 11a between the load-side heat exchanger 2 and the refrigerant flow switching device 4, the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the compressor 3, and the refrigerant flow switching device. 4 and between the compressor 3 and the discharge pipe 11b, between the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the heat source side heat exchanger 1, or in the compressor 3.
- the refrigerant can be confined in the section from the expansion device 6 through the heat source side heat exchanger 1 to the shut-off device. Therefore, the refrigerant can be prevented from leaking into the room after the pump-down operation is completed.
- the refrigerant circuit 110 includes a shut-off device that includes the refrigerant pipe 110 and the suction pipe 11a between the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the compressor 3, and refrigerant flow switching.
- a discharge pipe 11b between the apparatus 4 and the compressor 3 or the compressor 3 is provided.
- the shut-off device is a check valve (for example, a check valve that allows the flow of refrigerant sucked into the compressor 3 or the flow of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3 and prevents the reverse flow of the refrigerant).
- the refrigerant can be confined in the section from the expansion device 6 through the heat source side heat exchanger 1 to the shut-off device. Therefore, the refrigerant can be prevented from leaking into the room after the pump-down operation is completed.
- the heat pump hot water supply and heating apparatus 1000 (an example of a heat pump utilization device) according to the present embodiment includes a compressor 3, a heat source side heat exchanger 1 that functions as a condenser, an expansion device 6, and a load side that functions as an evaporator.
- the water circuit 210 has a main circuit 220 that passes through the load-side heat exchanger 2.
- the main circuit 220 is provided at the downstream end of the main circuit 220, and is connected to a three-way valve 55 (an example of a branch portion) to which a plurality of branch circuits 221 and 222 branching from the main circuit 220 are connected, and And a junction unit 230 to which a plurality of branch circuits 221 and 222 that join the main circuit 220 are connected.
- a pressure relief valve 70 (an example of a pressure protection device) and a refrigerant leakage detection device 98 are connected to the main circuit 220.
- the pressure relief valve 70 is provided between the load side heat exchanger 2 and one of the three-way valve 55 or the junction 230 (in this example, the three-way valve 55) or at the load side heat exchanger 2.
- the refrigerant leakage detection device 98 is connected to the other of the three-way valve 55 or the merging portion 230 (in the present example, the merging portion 230) of the main circuit 220, between the other and the booster heater 54, or to the booster heater 54. Yes.
- the expansion device 6 is closed and the compressor 3 is operated.
- the refrigerant leak detection device 98 can detect the leakage of the refrigerant to the water circuit 210 at an early stage.
- the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 110 is recovered by the pump-down operation. Since the leakage of the refrigerant is detected earlier, the refrigerant is also collected earlier. Therefore, the refrigerant can be prevented from leaking into the room.
- the refrigerant circuit 110 further includes a shut-off device (for example, a first shut-off device, an on-off valve 77, a check valve, etc.).
- the shut-off device is provided in the refrigerant circuit 110 between the load side heat exchanger 2 and the compressor 3, between the compressor 3 and the heat source side heat exchanger 1, or in the compressor 3.
- the refrigerant can be confined in the section from the expansion device 6 through the heat source side heat exchanger 1 to the shut-off device. Therefore, the refrigerant can be prevented from leaking into the room after the pump-down operation is completed.
- the shutoff device allows a flow of refrigerant sucked into compressor 3 or a flow of refrigerant discharged from compressor 3, and a check that prevents reverse flow of the refrigerant. It is a valve. According to this configuration, control for closing the shut-off device is not necessary.
- the check valve may be a discharge valve 39 provided in the compressor 3 or a check valve 47 (described later) provided in the compressor 3.
- the operated compressor 3 may be configured to stop when the operation end condition is satisfied.
- the operation end condition is that the pressure of the water circuit 210 is lower than the first threshold pressure or the pressure of the water circuit 210 tends to decrease. Good.
- the stopped compressor 3 is once again when the pressure of the water circuit 210 exceeds the second threshold pressure or when the pressure of the water circuit 210 tends to increase. drive. According to this configuration, the refrigerant once collected can be prevented from leaking into the water circuit 210.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of the heat pump utilizing device according to the present embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- a container 8 for example, a receiver
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the compressor 3 of the heat pump using device according to the present embodiment.
- the compressor 3 of the present embodiment is a hermetic and high-pressure shell type scroll compressor.
- the compressor 3 includes a compression mechanism unit 30 that sucks and compresses refrigerant, an electric motor unit 31 that drives the compression mechanism unit 30, and a sealed container that houses the compression mechanism unit 30 and the electric motor unit 31. 32.
- the compression mechanism unit 30 is disposed in the upper part of the sealed container 32.
- the electric motor unit 31 is disposed below the compression mechanism unit 30 in the sealed container 32.
- the space in the sealed container 32 is filled with the high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism unit 30.
- Connected to the sealed container 32 are a suction pipe 44 for sucking low-pressure refrigerant and a discharge pipe 45 for discharging high-pressure refrigerant.
- the compression mechanism unit 30 is oscillated with respect to the fixed scroll 42 by the rotational driving force of the frame 41 fixed to the sealed container 32, the fixed scroll 42 supported by the frame 41, and the motor unit 31 transmitted through the main shaft. And a swing scroll 43 that moves. Between the spiral teeth of the fixed scroll 42 and the spiral teeth of the orbiting scroll 43, a suction stroke chamber leading to the suction pipe 44, a compression stroke chamber compressing the refrigerant sucked through the suction pipe 44, and a discharge A chamber for the discharge stroke that leads to the space in the sealed container 32 through the hole 46 is formed. By driving the orbiting scroll 43 by the electric motor unit 31, the steps of suction, compression and discharge are continuously repeated.
- a check valve 47 is provided between the suction pipe 44 and the suction stroke chamber.
- the check valve 47 includes a valve body that opens and closes the refrigerant suction path, and a spring that biases the valve body in the closing direction from the downstream side of the refrigerant flow.
- the force acting on the valve body due to the flow of the suction refrigerant becomes larger than the urging force of the spring, so that the check valve 47 is opened.
- the check valve 47 is closed by the biasing force of the spring.
- the check valve 47 has a function of preventing the reverse operation of the compression mechanism 30 due to the differential pressure and the reverse flow of the refrigerating machine oil when the compressor 3 is stopped. Normally, the differential pressure when the compressor 3 is stopped is eliminated by opening the expansion device 6.
- a discharge valve may be provided also in the scroll compressor.
- the check valve 47 or the discharge valve provided in the compressor 3 can be used as the first shut-off device.
- the same pump-down operation as in the first embodiment is performed (see FIG. 4).
- the container 8 is provided between the heat source side heat exchanger 1 and the expansion device 6, the recovered refrigerant can also be stored in the container 8. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, in the section from the expansion device 6 via the heat source side heat exchanger 1 to the first shut-off device (for example, the check valve 47 or the on-off valve 77), only the volume of the container 8 is obtained. More refrigerant can be confined than in the first embodiment.
- a plate-type heat exchanger has been exemplified as the load-side heat exchanger 2, but the load-side heat exchanger 2 can perform heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat medium, Other than the plate-type heat exchanger such as a double-pipe heat exchanger may be used.
- heat pump hot water supply and heating apparatus 1000 was mentioned as an example as a heat pump utilization apparatus, this invention is applicable also to other heat pump utilization apparatuses, such as a chiller.
- the indoor unit 200 provided with the hot water storage tank 51 is taken as an example, but the hot water storage tank may be provided separately from the indoor unit 200.
- the load side heat exchanger 2 may be accommodated in the outdoor unit 100.
- the entire refrigerant circuit 110 is accommodated in the outdoor unit 100.
- the outdoor unit 100 and the indoor unit 200 are connected via two water pipes that constitute a part of the water circuit 210.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態1に係るヒートポンプ利用機器について説明する。図1は、本実施の形態に係るヒートポンプ利用機器の概略構成を示す回路図である。本実施の形態では、ヒートポンプ利用機器として、ヒートポンプ給湯暖房装置1000を例示している。なお、図1を含む以下の図面では、各構成部材の寸法の関係や形状等が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。
本発明の実施の形態2に係るヒートポンプ利用機器について説明する。図6は、本実施の形態に係るヒートポンプ利用機器の概略構成を示す回路図である。なお、実施の形態1と同一の機能及び作用を有する構成要素については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。本実施の形態の冷媒回路110では、熱源側熱交換器1と膨張装置6との間に、冷媒を貯留する容器8(例えば、レシーバ)が設けられている。
例えば、上記実施の形態では、負荷側熱交換器2としてプレート式熱交換器を例に挙げたが、負荷側熱交換器2は、冷媒と熱媒体との熱交換を行うものであれば、二重管式熱交換器など、プレート式熱交換器以外のものであってもよい。
Claims (10)
- 圧縮機、冷媒流路切替装置、熱源側熱交換器、膨張装置及び負荷側熱交換器を有し、冷媒を循環させる冷媒回路と、
前記負荷側熱交換器を経由して熱媒体を流通させる熱媒体回路と、を備え、
前記冷媒流路切替装置は、第1状態と第2状態とに切り替えられるように構成されており、
前記冷媒流路切替装置が前記第1状態に切り替えられた場合、前記冷媒回路は、前記負荷側熱交換器が凝縮器として機能する第1運転を実行可能であり、
前記冷媒流路切替装置が前記第2状態に切り替えられた場合、前記冷媒回路は、前記負荷側熱交換器が蒸発器として機能する第2運転を実行可能であり、
前記熱媒体回路は、前記負荷側熱交換器を経由する主回路を有しており、
前記主回路は、
前記主回路の下流端に設けられ、前記主回路から分岐する複数の枝回路が接続される分岐部と、
前記主回路の上流端に設けられ、前記主回路に合流する前記複数の枝回路が接続される合流部と、を有しており、
前記主回路には、圧力保護装置と、冷媒漏洩検知装置と、が接続されており、
前記圧力保護装置は、前記主回路のうち、前記負荷側熱交換器と前記分岐部若しくは前記合流部の一方との間、又は前記負荷側熱交換器、に位置する接続部に接続されており、
前記冷媒漏洩検知装置は、前記主回路のうち、前記分岐部若しくは前記合流部の他方、前記他方と前記接続部との間、又は前記接続部に接続されており、
前記熱媒体回路への前記冷媒の漏洩が検知されたとき、前記冷媒流路切替装置が前記第2状態となり、前記膨張装置が閉状態となり、前記圧縮機が運転するヒートポンプ利用機器。 - 前記冷媒回路は、遮断装置をさらに有しており、
前記遮断装置は、前記冷媒回路のうち、前記負荷側熱交換器と前記冷媒流路切替装置との間、前記冷媒流路切替装置と前記圧縮機との間の吸入配管、前記冷媒流路切替装置と前記圧縮機との間の吐出配管、前記冷媒流路切替装置と前記熱源側熱交換器との間、又は前記圧縮機に設けられている請求項1に記載のヒートポンプ利用機器。 - 前記冷媒回路は、遮断装置をさらに有しており、
前記遮断装置は、前記冷媒回路のうち、前記冷媒流路切替装置と前記圧縮機との間の吸入配管、前記冷媒流路切替装置と前記圧縮機との間の吐出配管、又は前記圧縮機に設けられており、
前記遮断装置は逆止弁である請求項1に記載のヒートポンプ利用機器。 - 圧縮機、凝縮器として機能する熱源側熱交換器、膨張装置、及び蒸発器として機能する負荷側熱交換器を有し、冷媒を循環させる冷媒回路と、
前記負荷側熱交換器を経由して熱媒体を流通させる熱媒体回路と、を備え、
前記熱媒体回路は、前記負荷側熱交換器を経由する主回路を有しており、
前記主回路は、
前記主回路の下流端に設けられ、前記主回路から分岐する複数の枝回路が接続される分岐部と、
前記主回路の上流端に設けられ、前記主回路に合流する前記複数の枝回路が接続される合流部と、を有しており、
前記主回路には、圧力保護装置と、冷媒漏洩検知装置と、が接続されており、
前記圧力保護装置は、前記主回路のうち、前記負荷側熱交換器と前記分岐部若しくは前記合流部の一方との間、又は前記負荷側熱交換器、に位置する接続部に接続されており、
前記冷媒漏洩検知装置は、前記主回路のうち、前記分岐部若しくは前記合流部の他方、前記他方と前記接続部との間、又は前記接続部に接続されており、
前記熱媒体回路への前記冷媒の漏洩が検知されたとき、前記膨張装置が閉状態となり、前記圧縮機が運転するヒートポンプ利用機器。 - 前記冷媒回路は、遮断装置をさらに有しており、
前記遮断装置は、前記冷媒回路のうち、前記負荷側熱交換器と前記圧縮機との間、前記圧縮機と前記熱源側熱交換器との間、又は前記圧縮機に設けられている請求項4に記載のヒートポンプ利用機器。 - 前記遮断装置は逆止弁である請求項5に記載のヒートポンプ利用機器。
- 前記逆止弁は、前記圧縮機に備えられた吐出弁又は前記圧縮機に備えられた逆止弁である請求項3又は請求項6に記載のヒートポンプ利用機器。
- 運転した前記圧縮機は、運転終了条件を満たしたときに停止する請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載のヒートポンプ利用機器。
- 前記運転終了条件は、前記熱媒体回路の圧力が第1閾値圧力を下回ったこと、又は前記熱媒体回路の圧力が低下傾向となったことである請求項8に記載のヒートポンプ利用機器。
- 停止した前記圧縮機は、前記熱媒体回路の圧力が第2閾値圧力を上回ったとき、又は前記熱媒体回路の圧力が上昇傾向となったとき、再度運転する請求項8又は請求項9に記載のヒートポンプ利用機器。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US16/490,744 US11248829B2 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | Apparatus using a heat pump including a refrigerant leakage detector |
| EP17912848.3A EP3637016B1 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | Equipment that uses heat pump |
| CN201780091556.8A CN110709650B (zh) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | 热泵利用设备 |
| JP2019523324A JP6785961B2 (ja) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | ヒートポンプ利用機器 |
| PCT/JP2017/021507 WO2018225257A1 (ja) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | ヒートポンプ利用機器 |
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| PCT/JP2017/021507 WO2018225257A1 (ja) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | ヒートポンプ利用機器 |
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| PCT/JP2017/021507 Ceased WO2018225257A1 (ja) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | ヒートポンプ利用機器 |
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| US (1) | US11248829B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3637016B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6785961B2 (ja) |
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| KR102719122B1 (ko) * | 2019-06-19 | 2024-10-17 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량의 통합열관리모듈 |
| CN111829138B (zh) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-07-01 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | 一种壳管式换热器的检漏方法、装置、空调器及存储介质 |
| US12130061B2 (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2024-10-29 | Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc | Hot gas defrost using medium temperature compressor discharge |
| WO2024245896A1 (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2024-12-05 | Daikin Europe N.V. | Indoor unit and heat pump |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3637016A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
| EP3637016A4 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
| US20200080757A1 (en) | 2020-03-12 |
| US11248829B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
| JPWO2018225257A1 (ja) | 2019-12-19 |
| JP6785961B2 (ja) | 2020-11-18 |
| CN110709650B (zh) | 2021-10-15 |
| CN110709650A (zh) | 2020-01-17 |
| EP3637016B1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
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